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China’s Military Accelerating Integrated Development of Mechanization, Informatization and Intelligentization

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我軍加速機械化、資訊化、智慧化融合發展

中国军网 国防部网

2020年11月25日 星期三

現代英語：

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee made new and comprehensive arrangements for national defense and military construction, aimed at achieving the goal of the centenary of the founding of the army, and clearly put forward the contemporary requirements and strategic measures for accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. Forging ahead on a new journey, focusing on accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, seizing opportunities, responding to challenges, and taking advantage of the situation are of great significance for accelerating the modernization of national defense and the army and comprehensively improving the ability to prepare for war in the new era.

Recognize the necessity of accelerating the integration of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

Those who follow the trend will win, and those who control the trend will prevail. At present, the new round of scientific and technological revolution is showing a strong trend of intelligent technology leading the way, pushing the world’s new military revolution to develop in depth. The trend of intelligent weapons and equipment is obvious, and the superposition and aggregation effect with mechanization and informatization is prominent. The war form is accelerating from mechanization to informatization, entering the stage of giving birth to intelligent warfare. It is the development and change of the times that has made the acceleration of the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence become the general trend and powerful driving force for promoting the in-depth development of military transformation, and the inevitable choice to ensure winning the initiative, winning advantages and winning the future.

Comply with the trend of the world’s military revolution. At present, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology is increasingly having a subversive impact on the field of war and combat. Seizing the strategic commanding heights of artificial intelligence and accelerating the development of artificial intelligence militarization and practical combat have become the strategic frontiers of military competition among major countries in the world. Increasing the intensity of military application of artificial intelligence technology, realizing the deep transformation and comprehensive upgrading of mechanized and informationized combat equipment, embedding artificial intelligence systems into the informationized combat command chain and action chain, and making the combat force organization more modular and integrated through intelligent transformation are the common practices of the world’s military powers in seeking new military advantages. Whether it is possible to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, especially to fully release the efficiency expansion of intelligence on mechanization and informatization, so that platform operations, system operations and precision operations can obtain higher quality and efficient intelligent support, is undoubtedly a key to whether the strategic initiative of military competition can be firmly grasped.

The need to comprehensively improve the level of modernization. Modernization has a distinct timeliness, and the requirements of the times are the key measure to measure the degree of modernization of a country and an army. Today, we are entering a stage where intelligence is the core driving force of change. The integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is not only an important symbol of the level of modernization of the country and the army, but also a fundamental measure to promote the modernization of national defense and the army. To accelerate the modernization of military theory, military organizational form, military personnel and weapons and equipment, we need to obtain a powerful engine and support for reform and innovation, transformation and upgrading, quality improvement and efficiency increase from the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, and in a certain sense, it plays an important role in determining the direction, mode and path of modernization. Only by accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, and making it run through all aspects of the whole process of promoting modernization, and promoting quality change, efficiency change and power change from a high starting point, can we comprehensively improve the level of national defense and military modernization.

The need to accelerate the transformation of combat effectiveness generation mode. The generation of combat effectiveness, from the combination of people and weapons to the element structure and the way of force release, has its mandatory era orientation and positioning. With the advent of the era of intelligent warfare, unmanned intelligent warfare has become a key factor affecting the direction of the war and even the outcome of the war. Intelligent technology and equipment have become a multiplier of mechanized and informationized combat effectiveness. Accelerating the development of military intelligence has become the strategic focus of improving the combat capability of the system and building new domains and new qualities of combat forces, making the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness increasingly dependent on the level of integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. Only by incorporating the transformation of combat effectiveness generation mode into the track of integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, building an intelligent and networked combat command platform, forming a human-machine efficient collaborative combat force use method, and making “smart victory” the core direction of combat theory innovation and combat method transformation, can combat effectiveness construction achieve substantial breakthroughs and overall leaps.

Grasp the requirements of the times to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

Accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is a new proposition of the times. Grasping its requirements of the times from the perspective of its essential connotation, mode of action and basic laws is an important prerequisite for ensuring that the integrated development has a clear direction, accurate positioning, clear ideas and practical measures.

Grasp the essential connotation of integrated development. Mechanization, informatization and intelligentization are integrated and developed, with mechanization as the foundation, informatization as the leading factor and intelligence as the direction. The so-called integrated development is to form an integrated and unified promotion pattern, build an integrated design, and gather the best and release the energy operation mode, and produce an overall effect of superposition aggregation and quality and efficiency doubling. This deep integrated development is mainly reflected in: taking cognitive integration as the guide, having a scientific understanding of the advantages of firepower, mobility, information power and intellectual value, and establishing the operational concept of comprehensive control, comprehensive integration and comprehensive victory; relying on platform integration, building a combat platform integrating main combat equipment, information network and artificial intelligence, and improving the comprehensive combat capability of full-domain, precise and unmanned; taking system integration as the core, through the embedded transformation of weapon equipment system and information network system by artificial intelligence system, the overall potential of combat force and combat elements is demonstrated with higher quality and level of system integration; with system integration as the support, coordinating the construction of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, coordinating the construction of combat force and support guarantee force, and creating an integrated joint combat system that adapts to the needs of actual combat.

Grasp the role of integrated development. The integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is a process of showing their strengths, interacting with each other and promoting each other. It is a process of aggregating equipment advantages, information advantages and intelligence advantages. Its role is mainly reflected in: strengthening the leading role of intelligence, focusing on accelerating the development of military intelligence, insisting on using intelligence to drive the leapfrog development of mechanization and informatization, taking intelligence as the core direction of the development of weapons and equipment and information network construction, increasing the research and development of unmanned and autonomous weapons and equipment, and improving the intelligent application, intelligent management and control, and intelligent operation level of information networks, and giving full play to the maximum effect of controlling energy with intelligence, gathering excellence with intelligence, and winning with intelligence; strengthening the leading role of informatization, grasping the information network system as a handle, accelerating the construction of command information systems and information combat systems, using the advantages of information technology to upgrade and transform existing weapons and equipment, and developing precise, intelligent, integrated, and efficient informationized weapons and equipment, and maximizing the adhesion and integration of information networks on combat systems and effectiveness; strengthening the basic role of mechanization, insisting on taking the mechanization of weapons and equipment as the material basis and carrier for the development of intelligence and informatization, strengthening the construction of weapons and equipment systems, and working hard to fill the gaps in the system and make up for the shortcomings and weaknesses, greatly improving the application level of information technology and intelligent technology in weapons and equipment, and enhancing the scientificity, pertinence, and cutting-edge nature of equipment construction and development.

Grasp the basic laws of integrated development. Mechanization, informatization and intelligence are inevitably closely linked, and together they constitute the key support for the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. The basic laws of integrated development are mainly manifested in: the progressive nature of development and change, which reflects the different historical stages of the evolution of war forms, changes in combat methods, and the development of weapons and equipment in the time sequence; in terms of interaction, the former is the premise and foundation of the latter (for example, mechanization is the foundation and premise of informatization, and informatization is the foundation and premise of intelligence), and the latter is the development trend and higher potential of the former. With the long-term nature of overlapping and coexisting, the former will produce a marginal diminishing effect when it develops to a certain stage, and the latter needs to inject new momentum and vitality into it, but the latter is not a negation or end of the former, but a repositioning and orientation of the former. What needs to be achieved is the “three-in-one” inclusiveness, rather than the “three-choice” mutual exclusion. It has inclusive complementarity. Mechanization focuses on entities, informatization focuses on data, and intelligence focuses on algorithms. The stronger the foundation of the former, the greater the degree of realization of the latter; the stronger the traction of the latter, the faster the upgrading of the former. It has the empowerment of improving quality and efficiency. Weapon platforms need information networks to empower them, and weapon platforms and information networks need artificial intelligence to empower them. This is a process of optimization and upgrading, improving quality and efficiency, and achieving a new leap in combat effectiveness, quality and efficiency.

Tighten the strategic grasp to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

To accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, we should plan, act and follow the trend, focus on combat effectiveness as the only fundamental standard, continuously promote the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and realize the party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era.

We should focus on preparing for war. Wars change with the times, and victory changes with the times. We should take accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence as an important mission topic to comprehensively improve the ability to prepare for war in the new era. Focus on mission tasks, focus on the new requirements for winning modern wars, conduct in-depth research on the winning mechanism and changes in combat methods brought about by the evolution of war forms, grasp the new characteristics of the informationized and intelligent battlefield, actively explore new tactics for using and responding to intelligent weapons, and improve the informationized and intelligent combat capabilities; focus on transformation and construction, accelerate the transformation of combat effectiveness generation to informatization and intelligence, take military intelligent construction and combat as the main line, accelerate the construction of new domains and new types of combat forces, increase the training of informationized and intelligent talents, and strive to achieve the overall reshaping of combat forces and combat systems; focus on training with war, actively explore new ways of informationized and intelligent training, examine future battlefields and combat opponents from the perspective of “smart war” and “smart victory”, enhance the pertinence of mission topics and emergency response training, use intelligent technology to improve the level of science and technology training, and promote practical training to a higher quality level.

We must focus on deepening reform. Reform is a key move to strengthen the army and win the future. We must accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence as an important focus of deepening national defense and military reform. We must insist on seeking combat effectiveness from reform, focus on the prominent characteristics of the army’s lean, integrated, miniaturized, modular, and multi-functional nature in the intelligent era, design reforms with a forward-looking, innovative, and open mind, establish a smooth and efficient leadership, command, and support mechanism, further integrate force resources, streamline the construction and management mechanism, and optimize the organizational structure. Adapting to the requirements of being able to fight and win battles, we must build a strategic and campaign command system that is integrated in peacetime and wartime, operates normally, specializes in the main business, is lean and efficient, and build a joint combat force system with elite combat forces as the main body, promote the development of the force organization in the direction of enrichment, synthesis, multi-functionality, and flexibility, implement modular organization, building block combination, and task-based joint, build a force with multiple capabilities and broad adaptability, and promote the overall leap in combat effectiveness through system structure optimization and reconstruction.

We should stick to the support point of innovation-driven development. Innovation is the core support for the development of combat effectiveness. We should accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence as the focus of implementing the innovation-driven development strategy. We should seek breakthroughs in the innovation of combat theory, closely follow the development trend of military revolution and the recent wars in the world, study the development and application of high-tech, especially intelligent technology and its impact on war, study the new characteristics, new styles and new mechanisms of intelligent warfare, study the winning strategies of intelligent warfare and combat, and accelerate the construction of a combat theory system with the characteristics of our army and in line with the laws of modern warfare. We should seek breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation, focus on independent innovation and original innovation in national defense science and technology, take the military application of high-tech, especially artificial intelligence technology, as the main direction, accelerate the implementation of major strategic projects in national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment, accelerate the development of strategic, cutting-edge and disruptive technologies, accelerate the upgrading and replacement of weapons and equipment and the development of intelligent weapons and equipment, strive to achieve the transformation from following and running side by side to running side by side and leading, and provide stronger scientific and technological support for the transformation and construction of our army’s combat effectiveness.

(Author’s unit: Joint Operations College of National Defense University)

現代國語：

黨的十九屆五中全會對國防和軍隊建設作出新的全面部署，著眼實現建軍百年奮鬥目標，明確提出加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展的時代要求和戰略舉措。奮進新征程，聚力加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，搶抓機遇，應對挑戰，乘勢而上，對於加速國防和軍隊現代化、全面提高新時代備戰打仗能力具有極其重要的意義。

認清加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展的時代必然性

順勢者贏，駕馭者勝。目前，新一輪科技革命呈現智慧化技術強勁引領的態勢，推動世界新軍事革命向縱深發展，武器裝備智慧化趨勢明顯、與機械化資訊化的疊加聚合效應凸顯，戰爭形態在加速由機械化向訊息化演變中，進入到催生智慧化戰爭階段。正是時代發展與變革，使加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，成為推動軍事變革深入發展的大勢所趨和強大動力，成為確保贏得主動、贏得優勢、贏得未來的必然選擇。

順應世界軍事革命潮流之需。目前，人工智慧技術正在高速發展，正日益對戰爭和作戰領域產生顛覆性影響。搶佔人工智慧戰略制高點，加速人工智慧軍事化實戰化發展，成為世界主要國家軍事競爭的戰略前線。加大人工智慧技術軍事應用的力度，實現對機械化、資訊化作戰裝備的深度改造、全面升級，把人工智慧系統嵌入資訊化作戰指揮鏈、行動鏈，透過智慧化改造使作戰力量編成更加模組化、一體化，是世界軍事大國謀求新的軍事優勢的通行做法。能否加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，特別是充分釋放智慧化對機械化、資訊化的效能拓展，讓平台作戰、體係作戰、精準作戰獲得更高質高效的智慧化支撐，無疑是能否牢牢把握軍事競爭戰略主動權的一個關鍵。

全面提升現代化建設水準之需。現代化有著鮮明的時代性，時代要求是衡量一個國家、一支軍隊現代化程度的關鍵尺度。當今時代，正進入到以智慧化為核心變革動力的階段，機械化資訊化智能化的融合發展，既是國家和軍隊現代化水平的重要標誌，也是推進國防和軍隊現代化的根本性舉措。加速軍事理論、軍隊組織形態、軍事人員和武器裝備現代化，都需從機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展中，獲得變革創新、轉型升級、提質增效的強力引擎和支撐，並在一定意義上起著決定現代化建設發展方向、發展方式、發展路徑的重要角色。只有加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，使之貫穿到推動現代化建設的全過程各環節，在高起點上推動品質變革、效率變革、動力變革，才能全面提升國防與軍事現代化建設水準。

加快轉變戰鬥力生成模式之需。戰鬥力的生成，從人與武器的結合到要素結構、力量釋放方式，都有其強制性的時代定向、定位。智慧化戰爭時代的到來，無人智慧化作戰成為影響戰局走向乃至戰爭勝負的關鍵要素，智慧化技術裝備成為機械化、資訊化作戰效能的倍增器，加速軍事智慧化發展成為提升體係作戰能力、打造新域新質作戰力量的戰略重心，使戰鬥力的生成與提升愈來愈取決於機械化資訊化智慧化的融合發展水準。只有把轉變戰鬥力生成模式納入機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的軌道，建構智慧化網路化的作戰指揮平台，形成人機高效協同的作戰力量運用方式，讓「智勝」成為作戰理論創新、作戰方式變革的核心指向，才能使戰鬥力建設取得實質突破、實現整體性躍升。

掌握加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的時代要求

加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展是一個全新的時代命題，從本質內涵、作用方式、基本規律上把握其時代要求，是確保融合發展方向明、定位準、思路清、舉措實的重要前提。

掌握融合發展本質內涵。機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，機械化是基礎，資訊化是主導，智能化是方向。所謂融合發展，就是形成融為一體、合而為一的推進格局，建構一體設計、聚優釋能的運作模式，產生疊加聚合、質效倍增的整體效應。這種深度融合發展主要體現在：以認知融合為先導，具有對火力、機動力、資訊力和智力價值優勢的科學認知，確立綜合製權、綜合整合、綜合製勝的作戰理念；以平台融合為依托，建構主戰裝備、資訊網路、人工智慧融為一體的作戰平台，提升全域化、精確化、無人化的綜合作戰能力；以系統融合為內核，透過人工智慧系統對武器裝備系統、資訊網路系統的嵌入式改造，以更高品質和水平的系統整合展現作戰力量、作戰要素的整體勢能；以體系融合為支撐，統籌機械化資訊化智能化建設，統籌作戰力量、支援保障力量建設，打造適應實戰需求的一體化聯合作戰體系。

把握融合發展作用方式。機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，是各展其長、互為作用、相互促進的過程，是聚合裝備優勢、資訊優勢、智能優勢的過程。其作用方式集中體現在：強化智能化的引領作用，聚焦加速軍事智能化發展，堅持以智能化牽引機械化、信息化跨越式發展，把智能化作為武器裝備和信息網絡建設發展的核心指向，加大研發無人化、自主化武器裝備的力度，提升資訊網路的智慧應用、智慧管控、智慧運作水平，發揮以智駕馭能、以智聚優、以智取勝的最大效應；強化資訊化的主導作用，扭住資訊網路體系這個抓手，加快指揮資訊系統、資訊作戰系統建設，運用資訊科技優勢升級改造現有武器裝備，開發精確、智慧、融通、高效的資訊化武器裝備，最大限度地發揮資訊網路對作戰體系與效能的黏合力、整合力；強化機械化的基礎作用，堅持將武器裝備機械化作為智慧化、資訊化發展的物質基礎與載體，加強武器裝備體系建設，在填補體系空白、補齊短板弱項上下功夫，大幅提升武器裝備的資訊科技、智慧技術應用水平，增強裝備建設發展的科學性、針對性、前沿性。

把握融合發展基本法則。機械化資訊化智能化之間有著必然的內在的緊密聯繫，共同構成戰鬥力生成和提升的關鍵支撐。其融合發展的基本法則主要表現在：具有發展變革的遞進性，在展開時序上，反映了戰爭形態演進、作戰方式變革、武器裝備發展的不同歷史階段；在相互作用上，前者是後者的前提和基礎（例如機械化是資訊化的基礎和前提，資訊化是智慧化的基礎和前提），後者是前者的發展趨向和更高位能。具有交疊並存的長期性，前者發展到某一階段會產生邊際遞減效應，需要後者為其註入新動能、新活力，但後者不是對前者的否定和終結，而是對前者的重新定位和定向，所要達成的是「三合一」式的兼容並蓄，而不是「三選一」式的互斥排他。具有相容且蓄的互補性，機械化以實體為重心，資訊化以數據為重心，智能化以演算法為重心，前者的基礎越牢，後者的實現程度就越大；後者的牽引作用越強，前者的升級換代就越快。具有提質增效的賦能性，武器平台需要資訊網路為其賦能，武器平台、資訊網路需要人工智慧為其賦能，這是優化升級、提質增效的過程，是實現戰鬥力品質效能新躍升的過程。

緊扭加快機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的策略性抓手

加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，應因勢而謀、應勢而動、順勢而為，緊緊圍繞以戰鬥力這個唯一的根本標準，不斷推進國防和軍隊現代化建設，實現黨在新時代的強軍目標。

扭住備戰打仗這個聚焦點。戰爭因時而化，勝戰據時而變。要把加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，作為全面提升新時代備戰打仗能力的重要使命課題。聚焦使命任務，著眼打贏現代化戰爭的新要求，深入研究戰爭形態演變帶來的致勝機理、作戰方式之變，掌握資訊化智能化戰場的新特點，積極探索運用與應對智慧武器的新戰法，提升資訊化智慧化作戰能力；聚焦轉型建設，加速推進戰鬥力生成向資訊化、智慧化轉型，以軍事智慧化建設與作戰為主線，加速新域新質作戰力量建設，加大資訊化智慧化人才的培養力度，著力實現作戰力量、作戰體系的整體重塑；聚焦以戰領訓，積極探索資訊化智慧化訓練的新路子，從「智戰」「智勝」視角審視未來戰場、作戰對手，增強使命課題、應急應戰訓練的針對性，運用智能技術提昇科技興訓水平，推動實戰化訓練向更高質量水平發展。

扭住深化改革這個著力點。改革是強軍興軍、制勝未來的關鍵一招。要把加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，作為深化國防和軍事改革的重要著力點。堅持向改革要戰力，著眼智慧時代軍隊精幹化、一體化、小型化、模組化、多能化的突出特徵，以前瞻、創新、開放的思路設計改革，建立順暢高效的領導、指揮、保障機制，進一步整合力量資源、理順建管機制、優化編成結構。適應能打仗、打勝仗的要求，建構平戰一體、常態運作、專司主營、精幹高效的戰略戰役指揮體系，建構以精銳作戰力量為主體的聯合作戰力量體系，推動部隊編成向充實、合成、多能、靈活方向發展，實行模組化編組、積木式組合、任務式聯合，打造具備多種能力和廣泛適應性的部隊，透過體系結構優化再造促進戰鬥力整體躍升。

扭住創新驅動這個支撐點。創新是戰鬥力建設發展的核心支撐力。要把加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，作為實施創新驅動發展策略的重心。在作戰理論創新上求突破，密切追蹤軍事革命發展趨勢和近期世界發生的戰爭，研究高新技術特別是智慧化技術發展運用及對戰爭的影響，研究智能化作戰的新特徵、新樣式、新機理，研究智慧化戰爭與作戰的致勝方略，加速建構具有我軍特色、符合現代戰爭規律的作戰理論體系。在科技創新上求突破，聚力國防科技自主創新、原始創新，把高新技術特別是人工智慧技術的軍事應用作為主攻方向，加速實施國防科技與武器裝備重大戰略工程，加速戰略性前沿性顛覆性技術發展，加速武器裝備升級換代和智慧化武器裝備發展，奮力實現由跟跑並跑向並跑領跑的轉變，為我軍戰鬥力轉型建設提供更強勁的科技支撐。

（作者單位：國防大學聯合作戰學院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/gfbmap/content/2020-11/25/content_276619888.htm

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Chinese Military Focusing on Essential Characteristics of Integrated Development of Mechanization, Informatization and Intelligentization

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現代英語：

Source: Liberation Army News Author: Yuan Yi, Xu Jinhua, Li Zhifei Editor-in-charge: Wang Feng 2020-12-01 10:xx:xx

introduction

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, while emphasizing the need to accelerate the modernization of national defense and the armed forces and achieve the unity of enriching the country and strengthening the military, pointed out the need to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence (hereinafter referred to as the “three modernizations”), thereby raising the requirements for the integrated development of the “three modernizations” to a strategic level. We must conscientiously implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, carry out scientific strategic positioning, strategic planning, and strategic deployment for the integrated development of the “three modernizations”, and vigorously promote the integrated development of the “three modernizations” to expand in depth and breadth. We must accurately grasp the essential connotation of the integrated development of the “three modernizations”.

The era background of the integrated development of the “three transformations”

The parallel advancement, mutual promotion and integrated development of the “three transformations” have profound historical inevitability and are the only way for our military to modernize national defense and the armed forces in the future.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” is in line with the concept of mechanization and informatization. Since the late 1990s, our army has promptly proposed to promote the integrated development of mechanization and informatization. At that time, the war situation was changing from mechanization to informatization. National defense and military construction must take the path of leapfrog development. There is no need to wait until the entire process of mechanization construction of the military of developed countries is completed before engaging in informatization. We should strive to promote the integrated development of mechanization and informatization. We must strive to leapfrog certain stages of mechanization development, and at the same time learn from the mistakes and lessons of mechanization and informatization construction of the military of developed countries, and take as few detours as possible. The experience and lessons learned from the integrated development of national defense and military mechanization and informatization provide valuable experience for how to coordinate the integrated development of the “three transformations” at this stage.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” reflects the reality of the current “multiple forms of warfare”. In today’s world, a new wave of military revolution characterized by military intelligence is sweeping across the world, and the armies of major countries in the world are striding towards the threshold of intelligence. However, due to the imbalance in the development of scientific and technological levels and military strength among countries in the world, several local wars and armed conflicts in the world have shown the characteristics of “multiple forms of warfare” of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence. In the Syrian War, low-end, cheap civilian pickup trucks danced with high-end, expensive stealth aircraft, crudely made homemade rockets and high-precision cruise missiles flew together, and the highly informationized and intelligent U.S. and Russian armies, the highly mechanized Syrian and Turkish armies, and the opposition with a very low mechanization level, jointly performed an alternative “hybrid war” on the Syrian battlefield, in which mechanized warfare, informationized warfare, and elementary intelligent warfare overlapped with each other.

The integrated development of the “three modernizations” is in line with the stage characteristics of the current national social and economic development. my country’s path to modernization is very different from that of Western developed countries. Western developed countries have a “serial” development process, with industrialization, urbanization, agricultural modernization, and informatization developing in sequence, and it took more than 200 years to develop to the current level. my country’s development must be a “parallel” process, with industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization developing in an overlapping manner. The national social and economic foundation is the basic support for national defense and military construction. It is precisely the “parallel” development characteristics of my country’s current social economy that determine that national defense and military construction must adopt the “three modernizations” integrated development mode.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” is adapted to the current level of development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence in the military. After long-term efforts, our military has basically achieved mechanization, and has made significant progress in informatization construction, but is also facing opportunities and challenges of intelligence. The special national and military conditions make it impossible and impossible for our military to copy the development path of the Western developed countries represented by the US military. “Step-by-step” development may lead to the loss of the historical opportunity of promoting intelligence to accelerate the completion of mechanization and informatization, and leading and promoting the development of mechanization and informatization to a higher stage.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that “we should accelerate the development of intelligent military and improve the joint combat capability and all-domain combat capability based on the network information system”, “basically realize mechanization by 2020, make significant progress in informatization construction, and greatly enhance strategic capabilities”, and “strive to basically realize the modernization of national defense and the army by 2035, and build the people’s army into a world-class army in an all-round way by the middle of this century.” On the eve of the August 1st Army Day this year, President Xi Jinping proposed the strategic idea of ​​”accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence” when presiding over the 22nd collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on strengthening national defense and military modernization. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee further emphasized and deployed this, and incorporated it into the 14th Five-Year Plan and the 2035 Vision Goals for implementation, marking that the requirements for the integrated development of the “three transformations” have been elevated to a strategic level and have become an important guiding ideology for leading national defense and military construction.

The essential connotation of the integrated development of the “three transformations”

The “integration” in the “three transformations” does not mean mixing, combining or compounding. The word “integration” in the physical sense means melting or melting into one; in the psychological sense, it means that after a certain collision or contact, different individuals or groups tend to merge into one in terms of cognition, emotion or attitude. The integrated development of the “three transformations” in national defense and military construction refers to the coordinated mutual tolerance, mutual penetration and mutual promotion of mechanization, informationization and intelligence, from “you are you and I am me” to “you have me and I have you”, and then to “you are me and I am you”, reaching the level of perfect integration and unity, and thus producing a superposition effect, aggregation effect and multiplication effect, and realizing a leap in the overall combat capability.

The basic laws and main characteristics of the integrated development of the “three transformations”. The main ones are: First, the “three transformations” are progressive and orderly dependent. From a chronological perspective, the “three transformations” did not originate at the same time. Without the previous “transformation” as a premise, foundation and input, there would be no occurrence and development of the latter “transformation”. The previous “transformation” provides an important material basis for the latter “transformation”. Second, the “three transformations” overlap and penetrate each other. Informatization is not the end of mechanization. There is still a certain degree of mechanization in the process of informatization. Intelligence is not the end of mechanization and informatization. There is still a certain degree of informatization and mechanization in the process of intelligence. Third, intelligence and informatization can enhance the efficiency of mechanization through virtual control. The “real” here mainly refers to the hardware represented by physical entities such as combat platforms and ammunition, and the “virtual” mainly refers to software with combat data, algorithms, etc. as the core. Mechanization is mainly based on hardware construction, while informatization and intelligence are mainly based on software construction. “Software defines everything”, and hardware is optimized, upgraded, empowered and made more efficient through software. With the in-depth development of the integration of the “three transformations”, the construction priority will be that load will surpass platform, software will surpass load, and algorithm will surpass software.

The internal mechanism and driving mechanism of the integrated development of the “three transformations”. The main ones are: First, the superposition of advantages. Practice has proved that no matter whether it is mechanization, informatization or intelligence, the supporting technology group of each “transformation” will give birth to new weapons and equipment, generate new combat forces, and ultimately form new combat capabilities with different combat mechanisms. These new combat capabilities and the original combat capabilities are combined with advantages to produce a system outflow effect and greatly enhance the overall combat capability of the army.

The second is upgrading and expansion. Informatization aggregates and upgrades mechanized combat systems into informationized combat systems through digital transformation and networking of various mechanized combat platforms, making a qualitative leap in combat effectiveness. Intelligence can also be integrated with mechanization and informatization through upgrading and expansion. On the one hand, intelligent technology is used to upgrade the “brain” of the combat platform – the control system, and promote the control mode of unmanned combat platforms such as drones, unmanned boats, and unmanned ground vehicles, in accordance with the human direct operation mode, human assistance mode, human authorization mode, fully autonomous mode, and machine adaptive mode. After some old combat platforms are upgraded through informatization and intelligent transformation, they can also realize remote control operation and cooperate with manned platforms. On the other hand, the use of intelligent technology to optimize and upgrade the informationized combat system has greatly enhanced its capabilities in information acquisition, transmission, processing, sharing, security and other aspects, and the system’s combat capability has been comprehensively improved again.

The third is to make up for shortcomings and replace them. From the history of military construction, in the process of deepening development of a certain “ization”, bottleneck problems that are difficult to solve by relying solely on its own technical system often appear, and other “ization” technical means and development ideas are urgently needed to find a new way to solve them. At present, machinery is becoming more and more sophisticated and complex, and the difficulty of design and control is increasing; informatization leads to “information explosion”, massive data is generated, rapidly diffused, true and false are mixed, and it is increasingly difficult to quickly transform into useful information. These problems are difficult to be effectively solved within the technical system of mechanization and informatization itself. To break through the bottleneck of mechanical control capabilities and information processing capabilities, the use of intelligent technical means is an important option. Conversely, the technological breakthroughs and applications produced by the previous “ization” may also offset the shortcomings of the latter “ization”. For example, the speed of hypersonic missiles can exceed the reaction capability of the informationized defense combat system and achieve rapid penetration; high-energy microwave weapons can directly destroy networks and electronic equipment, etc., which to a certain extent offset the opponent’s information advantage.

現代國語：

來源：解放軍報 作者：袁藝 徐金華 李志飛 責任編輯：王鳳 2020-12-01 10:xx:xx
引 言

黨的十九屆五中全會在強調加速國防和軍隊現代化，實現富國和強軍相統一時指出，加快機械化資訊化智能化（以下簡稱「三化」）融合發展，從而把「三化」融合發展要求提升到了戰略全局高度。認真貫徹落實十九屆五中全會精神，對「三化」融合發展進行科學的戰略定位、戰略規劃和戰略部署，大力推動「三化」融合發展向深度廣度拓展，要準確把握好「三化」融合發展的本質內涵。

「三化」融合發展的時代背景

「三化」並行推進、互促共生、一體發展，具有深刻的歷史必然性，是我軍未來一段時期國防和軍隊現代化建設的必經之路。

「三化」融合發展與機械化資訊化複合發展概念一脈相承。自上世紀90年代末期以來，我軍及時提出推動機械化資訊化複合發展。當時，戰爭形態正由機械化轉變為資訊化。國防和軍隊建設必須走跨越式發展的道路，沒有必要等到走完發達國家軍隊機械化建設的全部過程再來搞資訊化，應該努力推進機械化和資訊化的複合發展。既要努力跨越機械化發展的某些階段，同時還要吸取發達國家軍隊機械化和資訊化建設失誤教訓，盡可能少走彎路。國防與軍隊機械化資訊化復合發展的經驗教訓，為如何統籌現階段「三化」融合發展提供了寶貴經驗。

「三化」融合發展反映了當前戰爭形態「多態並存」的現實狀況。當今世界，以軍事智能化為特徵的新一輪軍事革命浪潮撲面而來，世界主要國家軍隊正大步向智能化的門檻邁進，但由於世界各國科技水平和軍事實力發展的不平衡，使得在幾次世界局部戰爭與武裝沖突中，呈現出機械化資訊化智慧化戰爭「多態並存」的特點。敘利亞戰爭中，低端廉價的民用皮卡與高端昂貴的隱身飛機共舞，粗製濫造的土製火箭與高精度的巡航導彈齊飛，高度信息化並向智能化邁進的美軍、俄軍，較高機械化程度的敘軍、土軍，以及機械化程度很低的反對派，在敘利亞戰場共同演繹了機械化戰爭、資訊化戰爭和初級智能化戰爭三種戰爭形態相互交疊的另類「混合戰爭」。

「三化」融合發展符合當前國家社會經濟發展的階段性特徵。我國實現現代化之路同西方發達國家有很大不同。西方發達國家是一個「串聯式」的發展過程，工業化、城鎮化、農業現代化、資訊化順序發展，發展到目前水準花了二百多年時間。我國發展必然是一個「並聯式」的過程，工業化、資訊化、城鎮化、農業現代化是疊加發展的。國家社會經濟基礎是國防和軍隊建設的基本依托，正是當前我國社會經濟的「並聯式」發展特點，決定了國防和軍隊建設必然採取「三化」融合發展方式。

「三化」融合發展適應了當前軍隊機械化資訊化智慧化發展水準。經過長期努力，當前我軍基本上實現機械化，資訊化建設取得重大進展，又面臨智慧化的機會與挑戰。特殊的國情軍情，使得我軍不可能也不會複製以美軍為代表的西方發達國家軍隊的發展路徑。 「按部就班」式發展可能導致錯失智能化促進加速完成機械化資訊化、並引領和推動機械化資訊化向更高階段發展的歷史機遇。

黨的十九大報告指出，「加速軍事智能化發展，提高基於網絡資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全局作戰能力」「到二○二○年基本實現機械化，資訊化建設取得重大進展，戰略能力有大的提升」「力爭二○三五年基本實現國防和軍隊現代化，到本世紀中葉把人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊」。今年八一建軍節前夕，習主席在主持中共中央政治局就加強國防和軍隊現代化建設舉行的第二十二次集體學習時，提出「加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展」這一戰略思想，黨的十九屆五中全會對此做了進一步強調部署，並納入十四五規劃和二○三五年遠景目標中加以落實，標誌著「三化」融合發展要求提升到了戰略全局高度，成為引領國防和軍隊建設的重要指導思想。

「三化」融合發展的本質內涵

「三化」融合中的「融合」不等於混合、化合或複合。 「融合」一詞，物理意義上是指熔成或如熔化那樣融成一體；心理意義上是指不同個體或不同群體在一定的碰撞或接觸之後，認知、情感或態度傾向融為一體。國防與軍隊建設中的「三化」融合發展，則是指統籌協調機械化資訊化智慧化相互包容、相互滲透、相互促進，從「你是你、我是我」變成「你中有我、我中有你”，進而變成“你就是我，我就是你”，達到水乳交融、合而為一的程度，並由此產生疊加效應、聚合效應和倍增效應，實現整體戰鬥力質的躍升。

「三化」融合發展的基本規律與主要特點。主要有：一是「三化」逐次遞進有序依存。從時序上看，“三化”不是同時起源的，沒有前一“化”作為前提、基礎和輸入，就沒有後一“化”的發生和發展，前一“化”為後一“化”提供了重要的物質基礎。二是「三化」相互交疊相互滲透。資訊化不是機械化的終結，資訊化過程中還有一定的機械化，智慧化也不是機械化、資訊化的終結，智慧化過程中還有一定的資訊化、機械化。三是智慧化資訊化對機械化以虛控實賦能增效。這裡所說的「實」主要是指以作戰平台、彈藥等物理實體為代表的硬件，「虛」主要是指以作戰數據、演算法等為核心的軟件。機械化以硬體建設為主，資訊化和智能化則以軟件建設為主，“軟件定義一切”，通過軟件對硬體進行優化升級和賦能增效。隨著「三化」融合的深入發展，在建設優先級上，將會是載荷超越平台、軟件超越載荷、演算法超越軟件。

「三化」融合發展的內在機理與驅動機制。主要有：一是優勢疊加。實踐證明，不管是機械化、資訊化或智慧化，每一「化」的支撐技術群都會催生出新型武器裝備，產生新型作戰力量，最終形成不同作戰機理的新質作戰能力。這些新質作戰能力與原有作戰能力綜合運用優勢疊加，能夠產生系統湧現效應，極大提升軍隊整體作戰能力。

二是升級拓展。資訊化透過對各類機械化作戰平台進行數字化改造和網絡化鏈接，將機械化作戰體系聚合升級為信息化作戰體系，使得戰鬥力產生質的飛躍。智能化也可透過升級拓展方式，與機械化、資訊化融為一體。一方面，運用智慧技術升級作戰平台的「大腦」──操控系統，推動無人機、無人艇、無人地面車輛等無人化作戰平台的控制方式，依照人類直接操作模式、人類協助模式、人類授權模式、完全自主模式、機器自適應模式的逐次遞進方式升級。一些老舊作戰平台進行資訊化智慧化改造升級後，也可以實現遙控操作並與有人平台協同作戰。另一方面，運用智慧技術優化升級資訊化作戰體系，使其資訊取得、傳輸、處理、分享、安全等各個環節能力都大幅增強，體係作戰能力再次全面提升。

三是補短替代。從軍隊建設歷史來看，某一「化」在深化發展過程中，往往會出現僅靠自身技術體系難以解決的瓶頸問題，迫切需要其他「化」的技術手段和發展思維另闢蹊徑來加以解決。當前，機械越來越精密復雜，設計和控制難度越來越大；信息化導致“信息爆炸”，海量數據產生、急劇擴散、真假混雜，快速轉化為有用信息的難度越來越大，這些問題在機械化、資訊化自身技術體系內難以有效解決。要突破機械操控能力、資訊處理能力瓶頸，運用智慧化的技術手段是重要選項。反過來說，前一「化」產生的技術突破及應用也可能抵消後一「化」的不​​足。如高超聲速導彈速度可以超出資訊化防禦作戰體系的反應能力實現快速突防，高能量微波武器可直接破壞網絡和電子設備等，這都在一定程度上抵消了對手的信息優勢。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4874873888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Infratsructure, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

China’s Prosperity and Economic Development Support a Strong Chinese Military Culture that Wins Battles

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中國的繁榮與經濟發展支撐起強大的中國軍事文化

現代英語：

A strong military culture is the internal guarantee for the People’s Army to be invincible, victorious in all battles, and to continue to grow and develop. It is the spiritual fertile soil that nourishes officers and soldiers and an important factor in improving the combat effectiveness of the troops. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to “flourish and develop a strong military culture and strengthen the cultivation of fighting spirit.” For the People’s Army, to thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping’s cultural thoughts is to prosper and develop a strong military culture. Through cultural education and edification, we can cultivate the fighting spirit and heroic and tenacious fighting style of the officers and soldiers, and use advanced culture to sharpen their spirit of defeating the enemy and winning, so as to provide spiritual motivation for fighting and winning battles, and truly let the strong military culture point to winning and Win with service and win with support.

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In order to comprehensively strengthen military training and preparation and improve the people’s army’s ability to win, we must pay attention to the value function of strong military culture in educating people for war and helping to strengthen the army. The prosperity and development of a strong military culture that supports victory is not only a historical heritage and a requirement of the times, but also the call of the cause of building a strong military.

The fundamental direction of continuing the cultural tradition of our army. Culture is the root of a nation’s prosperity and an important support for the strength of an army. More than 80 years ago, Comrade Mao Zedong said at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art: “If we want to defeat the enemy, we must first rely on the army with guns in their hands. But it is not enough to have such an army. We must also have a cultural army, which is In the long-term practice of revolution, construction and reform, our army has forged the “cultural gene” of victory and the “cultural bloodline” of heroes with blood and life, nourishing generation after generation. A generation of officers and soldiers. The war culture of everything for victory contains a strong blood gene and demonstrates a clear direction of winning. In the new era and new journey, the key to extracting the essence and drawing energy from the cultural traditions of our army is to focus on sharpening the sharp sword of the officers and soldiers’ fighting spirit, continuously enhancing the officers and soldiers’ awareness of fighting for war, and constantly strengthening the spirit of being happy when hearing about war, being brave and tenacious, The martial spirit of daring to fight and winning.

An inevitable choice to adapt to the evolution of war forms. The new world military revolution is driving the evolution of warfare forms towards information warfare with intelligent characteristics, showing characteristics such as informatization of technical forms, systematization of organizational forms, and digitalization of weapons and equipment. The evolution of war forms will inevitably lead to the reshaping of military culture forms. From mechanized warfare to information-based and intelligent warfare, from “large-scale” combat and “deep” assault to “asymmetric warfare”, “non-linear warfare”, “integrated joint warfare”, and then to “multi-domain precision warfare”. “Cognitive domain warfare”, the evolution of the mechanism of winning wars has promoted corresponding changes in the military cultural form. On the new journey, our army will promote the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. We must not only accelerate the iteration and update of weapons and equipment, but also actively promote the transformation and development of military culture, and shape and embody the characteristics of the times in terms of military theory, strategy and tactics, and fighting spirit. Create a strong military culture in the new era that adapts to the development of the times and is in line with technological progress to support winning battles.

An essential requirement for the prosperity and development of a strong military culture. The fundamental function of a strong military culture is to fight, which determines that the fundamental purpose of building a strong military culture is to provide spiritual motivation for the army to fight and win. The culture of a strong military is extremely permeable and durable. The loyalty and fighting will it contains forge the spirit of the people’s army and cultivate the invincible combat effectiveness of the people’s army. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the People’s Army has been reborn from the ashes and transformed. The whole army has focused on being able to fight and win battles, and has taken the prosperity and development of a strong military culture as a powerful measure to boost combat effectiveness, which is closely integrated with the generation of combat effectiveness. Together, it is closely integrated with the main responsibilities and tasks of the military, continuously improving the contribution rate of strong military culture to combat effectiveness, and fully demonstrating the combat function of strong military culture in training and preparation for war.

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To prosper and develop a strong military culture that supports victory, we must be guided by Xi Jinping’s thoughts on strengthening the military, grasp the main thread, highlight the key points, and strive to cultivate a strong military cultural system with combat culture, joint culture, and special military culture as the main content. .

Cultivate a fighting culture that can win battles. Combat culture reflects the inherent essence of a strong military culture and determines the value positioning and value orientation of a strong military culture. Combat culture is a bloody culture that has been tempered, refined and accumulated through military struggle practice. It has a profound cultural heritage, strong combat characteristics and distinct characteristics of the times. Its value function is mainly manifested in strengthening the awareness of fighting, improving combat skills, and sharpening the fighting spirit. Spirit is an important component of combat effectiveness, the main body of the strong military cultural system, and an important magic weapon for the People’s Army to win victory. To cultivate a combat culture, we must focus on strengthening the responsibility of officers and soldiers to serve in the army, lead the army in combat, and train the army for combat, and the combat spirit of “not fearing hardship or death” and the combat quality of being brave and tenacious and daring to fight and win, and effectively raise the combat effectiveness standard As the basic focus and fundamental foothold for the prosperity and development of a strong military culture, and as the fundamental measure for testing the quality and effectiveness of building a strong military culture.

Cultivate a joint culture of winning together. In modern warfare, there is no war without integration and no victory without integration. The basic combat style is integrated joint operations. Joint culture is the sum of the joint knowledge system, values, ways of thinking and behavioral norms required to win modern warfare, and is widely permeated in the joint combat system, force structure, behavioral codes and models. It is like an invisible hand, powerfully pushing the joint combat system from “form connection” to “spiritual connection”, from “core connection” to “heart connection”. To cultivate a joint culture, we must rely on mission-driven and joint exercises and training to build a political soul for officers and soldiers to obey the Party’s command, cultivate the concept of joint victory, improve the knowledge system of joint operations, temper the thinking mode of integration and linkage, and cultivate common emotions. and values, a strong and stable collective psychological identity, and an unbreakable will to win.

Cultivate a rich and colorful military culture. When only one flower blooms it is not spring, but when a hundred flowers bloom the garden fills with spring. In the course of military practice, our army has formed distinctive military and arms cultures, including the Army’s “Armored Iron Stream” culture, the “Artillery God of War” culture, the “Army Aviation War Eagle” culture, the Navy’s “Deep Blue Culture”, the Air Force’s “Sky Culture”, and the Air Force’s “Sky Culture”. The “Eagle”, “Sky Ladder” and “Sky Arrow” cultures; the Rocket Force’s “Sword Sharpening Culture” and “Long Ribbon Culture”, and so on. The magnificent flowers of military culture not only constitute a unique spiritual symbol, but also serve as a “multiplier” for enhancing the combat effectiveness of the troops. Creating a military culture with distinctive characteristics and profound heritage does not conflict with cultivating a joint culture. The culture of each service supports the joint culture, and the joint culture realizes the organic integration of the cultures of each service. The deeper the roots of the distinctive cultures of each service are, the stronger the combat effectiveness of the joint culture will be, and the more combat-effective it will be. At the same time, we should vigorously carry out colorful military camp cultural activities, use distinctive culture to forge the military soul, gather soldiers’ hearts, and boost morale, strive to create a lively situation where everyone has a stage, and more effectively play the role of educating people with culture, Use culture to educate people and use culture to support war.

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To prosper and develop the culture of strengthening the army in the new era, we must insist on serving and winning as the fundamental direction, strengthen historical confidence, and continue the genes of victory; insist on fighting for the sake of war and strengthen combat attributes; take multiple measures, integrate innovation, and create a culture of advocating martial arts and refining martial arts. Create a strong atmosphere and use strong military culture to boost combat effectiveness.

Strengthen the winning genes of revolutionary soldiers in the new era. Culture is essentially a spiritual carrier. The fighting culture of daring to fight and winning that our army has forged in the course of more than 90 years of struggle has created a unique advantage in defeating the enemy and winning the future. On the new journey, we must vigorously carry forward the glorious traditions of the People’s Army, publicize the typical deeds of advanced heroes and combat heroes, guide officers and soldiers to draw nourishment from the revolutionary spirit, draw fighting spirit from the glorious war history, draw strength from the combat honor, and let the People’s Army’s The winning gene is passed on from generation to generation. At present, major changes in the world are accelerating, and changes in the world, the times, and history are unfolding in unprecedented ways. We must educate and guide officers and soldiers to not fear powerful enemies, recognize that upholding the Party’s absolute leadership over the army is the fundamental guarantee for our army to win battles, recognize that the overall might of the people’s war is the magic weapon for our army to defeat the enemy, and combine the fighting spirit with the scientific spirit. , continue the fine traditions of our army, and firmly establish the confidence and determination to win the battle based on the existing equipment.

Improve the combat index of strong military culture construction. President Xi pointed out: “We should combine the traditions and mission characteristics of each unit to strengthen military culture construction, build a strong military culture, and cultivate the troops’ fearless heroism and brave and tenacious fighting style.” We should fundamentally redirect military cultural work to support Fight and win the battle. We will deeply explore revolutionary historical themes, highlight the creation of realistic military themes, and always shape people with noble spirits and inspire people with excellent works. We regularly arrange literary and artistic cavalry teams, battlefield propaganda teams, battlefield photography teams, etc. to go into cold areas, deserts, plateaus, coastal defenses, border checkpoints, and squads to warm the hearts of soldiers, boost morale, and inspire fighting spirit in order to prepare for war and win. . We must insist on seeking combat effectiveness from culture, and push the focus of building a strong military culture from the barracks to the battlefield, and from peacetime to wartime. Organize wartime cultural work drills, explore the content, timing, methods and means of wartime cultural work, and provide important support for improving the combat effectiveness of the troops.

Enhance the military flavor and combat atmosphere of the military camp culture. To build a strong military culture, an important task is to create an environment with a strong military flavor and combat atmosphere, so that officers and soldiers can be influenced at all times, cultivate their fighting will and hone their fighting character in a subtle way. A strong atmosphere of training and fighting was created, battle flags were raised, battle slogans were shouted, and strong army war songs were sung. Cultural light boxes, battle slogans, hero sculptures, etc. were set up, and cultural venues reflecting the army’s war history and revolutionary spirit were built to continuously strengthen the officers and soldiers War awareness, combat readiness concept, and fighting spirit. We should carry out mass cultural activities, hold lectures on strengthening the military culture, hold forums on strengthening the military culture, organize officers and soldiers to tell battle stories and read books on combat culture, and widely carry out assassination and combat training and competitions to inspire officers and soldiers to be brave, capable and good at fighting. . Innovate ways and methods, combine contemporary elements, science and technology with culture and art, use VR, AR, MR and other technological means to create battlefield cultural simulation rooms, etc., so that officers and soldiers can experience the battlefield atmosphere “immersively” and hone their ability to win.

(Author’s unit: Army Party Innovation Theory Research Center)

現代國語：

■陳　陣

強軍文化是人民軍隊戰無不勝、攻無不克，不斷發展壯大的內在保證，是滋養官兵的精神沃土，是提高部隊戰鬥力的重要因素。黨的二十大報告強調要「繁榮發展強軍文化，強化戰鬥精神培育」。深入學習貫徹習近平文化思想，對人民軍隊而言，就是要繁榮發展強軍文化。通過文化的教化與薰陶，培育廣大官兵敢打必勝的戰鬥血性、英勇頑強的戰鬥作風，以先進文化砥礪克敵制勝精神，為能打仗、打勝仗提供精神動力，真正讓強軍文化指向打贏、服務打贏、支撐打贏。

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全面加強練兵備戰，提升人民軍隊打贏能力，必須重視發揮強軍文化為戰育人、助力強軍的價值功能。繁榮發展支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化，既是歷史傳承、時代所需，也是強軍事業的召喚。

賡續我軍文化傳統的根本指向。文化是一個民族昌盛的根脈，也是一支軍隊強大的重要支撐。 80多年前，毛澤東同志在延安文藝座談會上說：「我們要戰勝敵人，首先要依靠手裡拿槍的軍隊。但是僅僅有這種軍隊是不夠的，我們還要有文化的軍隊，這是團結自己、戰勝敵人必不可少的一支軍隊。一代官兵。一切為了勝利的勝戰文化，蘊含著強大的血性基因，彰顯著鮮明的打贏指向。新時代新征程，從我軍文化傳統中萃取精華、汲取能量，關鍵要著力擦亮官兵戰鬥精神的尖刀利劍，持續增強官兵的向戰為戰意識，不斷強化聞戰則喜、英勇頑強、敢打必勝的尚武精神。

適應戰爭形態演變的必然選擇。世界新軍事革命正推動戰爭形態朝向具有智慧化特徵的資訊化戰爭加速演進，呈現出技術形態資訊化、組織形態體系化、武器裝備數字化等特徵。戰爭形態的演變，必然引發軍事文化形態的重塑。從機械化戰爭到資訊化、智慧化戰爭，從“大兵團”作戰、“大縱深”突擊，到“非對稱作戰”“非線式作戰”“一體化聯合作戰”，再到“多域精確戰”“認知域作戰”，戰爭制勝機理的演變，推動軍事文化形態相應隨之改變。新征程上，我軍推進機械化資訊化智慧融合發展，既要加速武器裝備的迭代更新，更要積極推進軍事文化轉型發展，從軍事理論、戰略戰術、戰鬥精神等方面塑造和體現時代特質，打造與時代發展相適應、與技術進步相符的新時代支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化。

繁榮發展強軍文化的本質要求。強軍文化姓軍為戰的根本職能，決定了打造強軍文化的根本目的就是為能打仗、打勝仗提供精神動力。強軍文化具有極強的滲透性、持久性，其所蘊含的忠誠品質和鬥爭意志，鍛造著人民軍隊的精氣神，培育著人民軍隊無堅不摧的戰鬥力。黨的十八大以來，人民軍隊浴火重生、轉型重塑，全軍部隊以能打仗、打勝仗為根本著眼點，把繁榮發展強軍文化作為催生戰鬥力的有力舉措，與戰鬥力生成緊密結合在一起，與軍隊主責主業緊密結合在一起，不斷提升強軍文化對戰鬥力的貢獻率，充分彰顯了強軍文化在練兵備戰中的戰鬥功能。

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繁榮發展支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化，必須以習近平強軍思想為指導，把準主脈、突出重點，著力培塑以戰鬥文化、聯合文化、部隊特色文化等為主體內容的強軍文化體系。

培育能打勝仗的戰鬥文化。戰鬥文化反映強軍文化的內在本質，決定強軍文化的價值定位和價值取向。戰鬥文化是歷經軍事鬥爭實踐錘煉、淘洗、積蓄形成的血性文化，具有深厚的文化底蘊、強烈的戰鬥特性和鮮明的時代特徵，其價值功能主要表現為強化打仗意識、提升作戰本領、砥礪戰鬥精神，是戰鬥力的重要構成要素，是強軍文化體系的主體，是人民軍隊打贏制勝的重要法寶。培育戰鬥文化，要著力強化官兵當兵打仗、帶兵打仗、練兵打仗的責任擔當，「一不怕苦、二不怕死」的戰鬥精神和英勇頑強、敢打必勝的戰鬥品質，切實把戰鬥力標準作為繁榮發展強軍文化的基本著力點和根本落腳點，作為檢驗強軍文化建設質效的根本尺度。

培育聯合製勝的聯合文化。現代戰爭無戰不聯、無聯不勝，基本作戰樣式是一體化聯合作戰。聯合文化是基於打贏現代戰爭所具備的聯合知識體系、價值觀念、思維方式和行為規範的總和，廣泛滲透於聯合作戰體制編制、力量結構、行為準則和模式之中。它就像看不見的手，有力地推動著聯合作戰體係從“形聯”到“神聯”，從“芯聯芯”到“心連心”。培育聯合文化，要依托任務牽引與聯演聯訓，鑄牢官兵聽黨指揮的政治靈魂，培塑聯合製勝的作戰理念，完善聯合作戰的知識體系，錘煉一體聯動的思維方式，培育共同的情感和價值，強固穩定的集體心理認同，凝聚牢不可破的打贏意志。

培育豐富多彩的部隊特色文化。一花獨放不是春，百花齊放春滿園。我軍在軍事實踐中形成了各具特色的軍兵種文化，有陸軍的“裝甲鐵流”文化、“砲兵戰神”文化、“陸航戰鷹”文化，海軍的“深藍文化”，空軍的“天鷹”“天梯”“天箭”文化，火箭軍的“礪劍文化”“長纓文化”，等等。一朵朵軍兵種文化的瑰麗之花，既構成了獨特的精神標識，也成為部隊戰鬥力提升的「倍增器」。打造具有鮮明特色、底蘊深厚的軍兵種文化，與培育聯合文化並不矛盾。軍兵種文化支撐聯合文化，聯合文化實現了軍兵種文化的有機融合，軍兵種特色文化的根扎得越深，聯合文化戰鬥性就越強，就越有戰鬥力。與此同時，要大力開展多姿多彩的軍營文化活動，以特色文化鑄軍魂、聚兵心、提士氣，著力形成人人都有舞台的生動活潑局面，更有效地發揮以文育人、以文化人、以文資戰作用。

三

繁榮發展新時代強軍文化，必須堅持把服務打贏作為根本指向，堅定歷史自信，賡續勝戰基因；堅持向戰為戰，強化戰鬥屬性；多措並舉，融合創新，營造尚武精武的濃厚氛圍，切實用強軍文化催生戰鬥力。

厚植新時代革命軍人的勝戰基因。文化在本質上是一種精神承載，我軍在90多年的奮鬥歷程中鍛造形成的敢打必勝的戰鬥文化，鑄就了克敵制勝、贏得未來的特有優勢。新旅程上，我們要大力弘揚人民軍隊光榮傳統，宣傳先進英模、戰鬥英雄典型事跡，引導官兵從革命精神中汲取營養，從輝煌戰史中汲取鬥志，從戰鬥榮譽中汲取力量，讓人民軍隊的勝戰基因薪火相傳。當前，世界大變局加速演進，世界變化、時代之變、歷史變正以前所未有的方式展開。要教育引導廣大官兵不畏強敵，認清堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導是我軍能打勝仗的根本保證，認清人民戰爭的整體威力是我軍克敵制勝的法寶，把戰鬥精神與科學精神結合起來，賡續我軍優良傳統，穩固樹立立足現有裝備打贏制勝的信心決心。

提升強軍文化建設的戰鬥指數。習主席指出：「要結合各部隊傳統和任務特點，加強軍事文化建設，打造強軍文化，培養部隊大無畏的英雄氣概和英勇頑強的戰鬥作風。」要把軍事文化工作根本指向歸正到支撐能打仗、打勝仗上。深入探討革命歷史題材，突顯現實軍事題材創作，始終以高貴的精神塑造人、以優秀的作品鼓舞人心。常態安排文藝輕騎隊、戰地宣傳隊、戰地攝影隊等進寒區、入戈壁、上高原、下海防、走邊關、進班排，為練兵備戰、矢志打贏溫暖兵心、鼓舞士氣、激發鬥志。堅持向文化要戰鬥力，推動強軍文化建設重心從營區延伸至戰場、從平時拓展到戰時。組織戰時文化工作演練，探索戰時文化工作的內容、時機和方式手段，為提升部隊戰鬥力提供重要支撐。

增強軍營文化氛圍的兵味戰味。打造強軍文化，一項重要任務是營造兵味戰味濃厚的環境氛圍，使官兵時時受到薰陶，在潛移默化中培養戰鬥意志、砥礪戰鬥品格。濃厚練兵打仗氛圍，把戰鬥旗幟揚起來、戰鬥口號喊起來、強軍戰歌唱起來，設置文化燈箱、戰鬥標語、英模雕塑等，修建反映部隊戰史戰例、革命精神的文化場所，不斷強化廣大官兵戰爭意識、戰備觀念、戰鬥精神。抓好群眾性文化活動，開設強軍文化講座，舉辦強軍文化論壇，組織官兵講戰鬥故事、讀戰鬥文化書籍，廣泛開展刺殺格鬥訓練和比武競賽活動，激發官兵敢戰能戰善戰的血性膽氣。創新方式方法，將時代元素、科學技術與文化藝術結合起來，運用VR、AR、MR等科技手段，打造戰場文化模擬室等，讓官兵「身臨其境」感受戰場氛圍、錘煉打贏能力。

（作者單位：陸軍黨的創新理論研究中心）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16279540888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio

Artificial Intelligence Will Change Chinese Military Winning Mechanism of Future Wars

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人工智慧將改變中國軍隊未來戰爭制勝機制

現代英語：

2024-05-02 09:xx | Source:  Peopke’s Liberation Army Daily

Artificial intelligence technology is an important support for improving strategic capabilities in emerging fields. In recent years, it has developed rapidly and has been widely used in the military field, constantly giving rise to new asymmetric advantages, and profoundly changing the basic form, combat methods and winning mechanisms of future wars. We should have a deep understanding of artificial intelligence as a revolutionary technological driving force, accurately identify changes, respond scientifically, and actively seek changes, strive to explore ways to win future wars, and gain the initiative in the accelerating intelligent war.

Information Mechanism

Knowing yourself and the enemy will ensure victory in every battle. Quickly and effectively mastering all-round information is the primary prerequisite for winning a war. Artificial intelligence can realize intelligent perception of battlefield situation, intelligent analysis of massive data, and intelligent processing of multiple information, which can form a “transparent” advantage on the battlefield.

Autonomous implementation of battlefield perception. By embedding intelligent modules into the wartime reconnaissance system, various reconnaissance node units can achieve random networking, on-the-spot coordination, and organic integration, and can autonomously capture battlefield information in all directions and dimensions, build a relatively “transparent” digital battlefield environment and combat situation, and then dispel the “fog” of war and present a panoramic view of the combat scene.

Accurately identify massive amounts of data. Relying on intelligent technologies such as precise sensing technology and analytical recognition technology, it accurately interprets, analyzes, compares, and integrates diversified voice, text, pictures, videos, and other data to obtain faster, more complete, more accurate, and deeper battlefield situation results, far exceeding the speed and accuracy of human brain processing.

Efficient response to key information. Based on intelligent technologies such as combat cloud, big data, and the Internet of Things, it is able to quickly discover large quantities of non-standardized, heterogeneous intelligence data, autonomously discover symptoms, identify intentions, analyze trends, find patterns, and respond to commanders’ needs for key information in real time and accurately.

Synchronous sharing of integrated situation. The intelligent control system can optimize and integrate various reconnaissance and surveillance systems distributed in different spaces and frequency domains such as land, sea, air, space, and power grids, and play an important hub role in sharing information and unified cognition, building a situation based on “one picture”, “one network”, and “one chain”, so that all combat units can synchronously share the required information from different spaces, distances, and frequencies in all domains and at all times, and realize intelligent sharing.

Decision-making mechanism

Those who win before the battle have made more calculations. Scientific and accurate decision-making is a prerequisite for winning a war. Artificial intelligence can simulate and deduce dynamic battlefields, quickly make feasible decisions, greatly shorten the operational planning and decision-making cycle, and form a decision-making advantage.

Intelligent strategic situation analysis. The decision-making support system that incorporates artificial intelligence technology has functions such as information collection, query management, data processing, and correlation analysis. It can effectively break through the limitations of human analytical capabilities, maximize the separation of false and true, correlation verification, and link thinking, automatically conduct big data analysis such as enemy situation, our situation, and battlefield environment, and form comparative data on related forces and weapons. It can efficiently assist combat command and help commanders quickly make combat decisions.

Intelligent optimization of combat plans. Relying on the intelligent combat simulation system, according to the pre-input combat missions and strike target information, it automatically generates multiple sets of intuitive plans and programs, comprehensively evaluates their advantages and disadvantages and potential risks, and selects the plan that is most conducive to achieving the commander’s intention for the commander to make the final decision. After receiving the combat missions and target requirements from the superior, each combat unit further screens the battlefield target information in combination with the tasks and requirements of this level, and independently formulates the best plan and program at this level to maximize combat effectiveness.

Intelligent prediction of decision-making effectiveness. The intelligent decision-making support system relies on intelligent technologies such as big data, high-performance computing, and neural network algorithms to give the command and control system more advanced “brain-like” capabilities, allowing it to think more rationally about unexpected situations on the battlefield and quickly come to relatively objective results of the engagement.

Power control mechanism

Power is the right to control based on benefits. Seizing control is the key factor in winning a war. Artificial intelligence can “transplant” part of human intelligence to weapons, making the combination of humans and weapon systems closer and closer. The deep interaction between man and machine has changed the traditional elements of control, endowed it with new connotations, and can help gain new control advantages.

The right to control the domain is expanding to the high frontier. In the future, highly intelligent unmanned systems will be able to carry out a variety of combat missions even under harsh conditions such as high temperature, extreme cold, high pressure, lack of oxygen, toxicity, radiation, and in extreme environments such as extremely high, extremely far, extremely deep, extremely microscopic, extremely dark, and extremely bright. The competition for control of the combat domain and combat space will extend to the high frontier, the far frontier, and the deep frontier.

The right to control information is expanding to multiple means. Traditionally, the right to control information is achieved by attacking the enemy’s reconnaissance and early warning system, destroying its command and control system, and other means to control the acquisition, processing, and distribution of information. However, information warfare dominated by artificial intelligence uses information itself as “ammunition”, and the means to seize the right to control information are more diverse.

The network control power is expanding to distributed. The network information system built based on intelligent technology provides a ubiquitous network “cloud” to aggregate battlefield resources of various terminals and provide services, which can realize modular organization and automated reorganization of combat forces. The traditional purpose of breaking the network and destroying the chain by attacking key nodes will no longer be achieved. It is inevitable to respond to the “decentralized” battlefield with an intelligent distributed attack mode.

The power to control the brain is expanding to new domains. Brain-like technology and simulation technology are gradually militarized, forming new areas of competition and confrontation. The focus has shifted from focusing on confrontation in the physical and information domains to focusing more on influencing and controlling the opponent’s psychology. Technologies such as virtual reality and audio-visual synthesis can be indistinguishable from the real thing. “Core attack” can quietly change the enemy’s command and control system algorithm. “Brain control” can directly control the enemy’s decision-making. By controlling and influencing the enemy’s psychology, thinking, will, etc., the goal of stopping and winning the war can be achieved at the lowest cost.

Mechanism of action

The key to victory in war is to take advantage of the enemy’s unpreparedness and to take actions that the enemy does not expect. Artificial intelligence can improve the intelligence of weapons and equipment, command and control systems, and action decision-making, making the mobile response capability faster and the joint strike capability more accurate, creating a super action advantage.

The speed of action is “instant kill”. The intelligent combat system can see, understand, learn and think, effectively shortening the “OODA” cycle. Once an “opportunity” is found, it will use intelligently controlled hypersonic weapons, kinetic weapons, laser weapons, etc. to quickly “instant kill” the target at a long distance.

Action style is “unmanned”. “Unmanned + intelligent” is the future development direction of weapons and equipment. Low-cost unmanned vehicles, drones, unmanned submarines and other unmanned autonomous equipment, with the support of cluster autonomous decision-making systems, can plan the task division of each unit according to combat objectives, accurately dock with each other, autonomously combine, covertly penetrate, and carry out cluster saturation attacks on the enemy.

“Blurred” action space. In future wars, using interference to carry out soft strikes on the enemy’s intelligent combat systems and intelligent weapons, and using intelligent weapons to delay or influence the enemy’s decision-making and psychology will become the key to victory. Most of these actions are completed unconsciously or silently, presenting a “blurred” state where the enemy and us are invisible, the boundaries between the front and the rear are unclear, and the visible and invisible are difficult to distinguish.

The action deployment is “stealth”. The intelligent command system and weapon equipment have bionic and stealth properties. As long as they are deployed in advance in possible combat areas during peacetime preparations or training exercises, they can be pre-positioned and dormant in preparation for war. Once they are activated in time during wartime, they can launch a sudden attack on the enemy, which will help to quickly seize the initiative in the war.

System Mechanism

Five factors and seven strategies determine victory or defeat. Future wars will be full-domain, full-system, full-element, full-process system confrontations, and a stable and efficient combat system is the basic support for winning the war. As the application of artificial intelligence in the military field continues to expand, the combat system is becoming more and more intelligent, and the full-domain integrated combat system will produce a strong system advantage.

There are more means of “reconnaissance”. Intelligent combat clusters rely on network information systems to connect with various large sensors, electronic warfare systems and other human-machine interaction platforms, use the detection and perception equipment of each combat unit to obtain battlefield data, give full play to the self-organizing characteristics of intelligent groups, strengthen real-time reconnaissance and monitoring support for joint combat systems and back-end intelligence analysis, and achieve full-domain reconnaissance, joint early warning, and coordinated verification, forming a multi-dimensional, full-domain coverage of large-area joint reconnaissance intelligence system.

The scope of “control” is wider. The use of intelligent unmanned combat platforms can break through the logical limits of human thinking, the physiological limits of senses and the physical limits of existence, and replace humans to enter traditional life-forbidden areas such as the deep sea, space, polar regions, and areas with strong radiation, and stay there for a long time to carry out “unconventional warfare”, thereby further expanding the combat space and having the ability to continuously deter opponents in a wider range of fields.

The speed of “fighting” is faster. Supported by the intelligent network information system, the intelligence chain, command chain, and kill chain are seamlessly connected, the speed of information transmission, decision-making speed, and action speed are simultaneously accelerated, and the intelligent combat units can be flexibly organized, autonomously coordinated, and quickly strike. All of these make the time utilization efficiency extremely high and the battlefield response speed extremely fast.

The “evaluation” is more accurate. Using intelligent technologies such as experiential interactive learning and brain-like behavior systems, the intelligent combat evaluation system can independently complete the collection, aggregation, and classification of multi-means action effect evaluation information, accurately perceive battlefield actions based on big data and panoramic images, dynamically identify combat progress and correct defects, predict complex battlefield changes, and make comprehensive plans and respond flexibly.

The “maintenance” is more efficient. The widespread application of intelligent comprehensive support systems represented by equipment maintenance expert systems and intelligent sensing equipment can efficiently respond to the support needs of various domains, intelligently plan support resources, ensure that the “cloud” aggregates various battlefield resources, and effectively improve the comprehensive support capabilities of the networked battlefield.

(Zeng Haiqing’s unit: Henan Provincial Military Region)

現代國語：

人工智慧技術是提升新興領域戰略能力的重要支撐，近年來獲得快速發展並廣泛運用於軍事領域，不斷催生新的非對稱優勢，深刻改變未來戰爭的基本形態、作戰方式和致勝機理。應該深刻認識人工智慧這項革命性技術動力，準確識變、科學應變、主動求變，努力探索制勝未來戰爭之道，在加速來臨的智慧化戰爭中贏得主動。

資訊機理

知彼知己，百戰不殆。快速有效地掌握全方位資訊是戰爭制勝的首要前提。人工智慧可實現戰場態勢智慧感知、大量資料智慧分析、多元資訊智慧處理，能夠形成戰場「透明」優勢。

戰場感知自主實施。將智慧模組嵌入戰時偵察系統，各類偵察節點單元可實現隨機組網、臨機協同、有機整合，能夠全方位、多維度自主捕獲戰場信息，構建相對「透明」的數位化戰場環境和戰態勢，進而撥開戰爭“迷霧”，全景式呈現作戰場景。

海量資料精準識別。依托精準感知技術及分析辨識技術等智慧化科技，精準判讀、分析、比對、融合多元化的語音、文字、圖片、視訊等數據，從而獲取更快、更全、更準、更深的戰場態勢結果，遠超人腦處理的速度和精確度。

關鍵資訊高效響應。基於作戰雲、大數據、物聯網等智慧化技術群，能夠從大批量、非標準化、異構化的情報數據中快速發掘，自主發現徵候、識別意圖、研判趨勢、找到規律，即時精準地響應指揮官對關鍵資訊的需求。

融合態勢同步共享。智慧化控制系統能夠將分佈在陸海空天電網等不同空間、不同頻域的各種偵察監視系統優化整合，並發揮共享信息和統一認知的重要樞紐作用，構建形成基於“一幅圖”“一張網」「一條鏈」的態勢，使各作戰單元全局全頻全時從不同空間、不同距離、不同頻率同步共享所需信息，實現智慧共享。

決策機理

夫未戰而廟算勝者，得算多也。科學準確決策是戰爭制勝的先決條件。人工智慧可進行動態戰場模擬推演，快速給予可行決策，大幅縮短作戰規劃決策週期，能夠形成決策優勢。

戰略形勢智能研判。融入人工智慧技術的決策輔助系統，具備資訊收集、查詢管理、資料處理、關聯分析等功能，可有效突破人類分析能力的限制，最大限度去偽存真、關聯印證、連結思考，自動進行敵情、我情和戰場環境等大數據分析，形成相關兵力、兵器等對比數據，能夠有效率地輔助作戰指揮，幫助指揮家快速定下作戰決心。

作戰方案智能優選。依托智能化作戰模擬系統，根據預先輸入的作戰任務和打擊目標訊息，自動產生多套形象直觀的方案和計劃，綜合評估其優缺點及潛在風險，優選出最有利於實現指揮官意圖的方案，供指揮官作出最後決斷。各作戰單元接到上級作戰任務和目標需求後，結合本級任務和要求，進一步對戰場目標資訊進行甄別篩選，自主制訂本級最優方案和計劃，實現作戰效能最大化。

決策效能智能預測。智慧化輔助決策系統依賴大數據、高效能運算、神經網路演算法等智慧化技術，賦予指揮控制系統更高階的「類腦」能力，可以更理性地思考戰場上出現的意外情況，快速得出相對客觀的交戰結果。

制權機理

勢者，因利而製權也。奪取制權是贏得戰爭制勝優勢的關鍵因素。人工智慧可將人的部分智慧「移植」到武器上，使得人與武器系統結合越來越緊密，人機一體深度互動改變了傳統的製權要素，賦予新的製權內涵，能夠助力獲得新的製權優勢。

制域權向高邊疆拓展。未來高度智慧化的無人系統，即使在高溫、極寒、高壓、缺氧、有毒、輻射等惡劣條件下，在極高、極遠、極深、極微、極黑、極亮等極端環境中，仍可遂行多種作戰任務，作戰領域和作戰空間的製權之爭向高邊疆、遠邊疆、深邊疆延伸。

制資訊權向多手段拓展。傳統的奪取制資訊權，是透過打擊敵偵察預警體系、破壞其指揮控制系統等手段實現對資訊取得、處理、分發等途徑的控制，而人工智慧主導下的資訊作戰則是將資訊本身作為「彈藥”，奪取制資訊權的手段更加多元。

制網權向分散式拓展。基於智慧科技建構的網路資訊體系，提供泛在網路「雲」以聚合各類終端的戰場資源並提供服務，能夠實現作戰力量模組化編組、自動化重組，傳統的透過打擊關鍵節點，達成斷網毀鏈的目的將很難再實現，必然是以智慧化分散式打擊模式來應對「去中心化」的戰場。

制腦權向新維度拓展。類腦技術、模擬技術等逐步軍事化，形成了新的博弈和對抗領域，重心由注重物理域、資訊域對抗向更加註重影響和控制對手心理轉變，虛擬實境、聲像合成等技術能夠以假亂真， 「攻芯戰」能夠悄無聲息地改變敵方指揮控制系統演算法，「控腦戰」能夠直接控制敵方決策，透過控制和影響敵方的心理、思維、意誌等，能夠以最小代價實現止戰、勝戰之目的。

行動機理

兵之情主速，乘人之不及。採取敵方意料不到的行動是戰爭制勝的關鍵要害。人工智慧可提高武器裝備、指控系統、行動決策等方面的智慧化程度，使機動反應能力更快、聯合打擊能力更準，創造出超強的行動優勢。

行動速度「秒殺化」。智慧化作戰系統看得見、聽得懂、能學習、會思考，有效縮短了“OODA”循環週期，一旦發現“有機可乘”，便運用智能化控制的超高聲速武器、動能武器、激光武器等，對目標進行遠距離快速「秒殺」。

行動樣式「無人化」。 「無人+智慧」是未來武器裝備發展方向。低成本的無人車、無人機、無人潛航器等無人自主裝備，在集群自主決策系統支援下，可針對作戰目標規劃各單元的任務分工，無人器之間精準對接、自主組合、隱蔽突防，對敵進行群集飽和攻擊。

行動空間「模糊化」。未來戰爭中，利用乾擾手段對敵方的智慧化作戰系統和智慧武器實施軟打擊，利用智慧武器遲滯或影響敵方人員的決策和心理將成為致勝關鍵。這些行動大都是在不知不覺或無聲無息中完成的，呈現敵我雙方不見人影、前方後方界限不清、有形無形難以辨別的「模糊」狀態。

行動布勢「隱身化」。智慧化指揮系統和武器裝備具有生物仿生和隱身性能。只要在平時備戰或訓練演習時提前佈設在可能交戰地域，潛伏預置、休眠待戰，戰時一旦需要適時激活，對敵實施猝然打擊，有助於快速掌握戰爭主動權。

體系機理

五事七計知勝負。未來戰爭是全領域、全系統、全要素、全流程的體系對抗，穩定且有效率的作戰體係是戰爭制勝的基礎支撐。隨著人工智慧在軍事領域應用不斷拓展，作戰體系智慧化程度越來越高，全域融合的作戰體系將產生強大的體系優勢。

「偵」的手段更多。智慧化作戰集群依托網路資訊體系與各類大型感測器、電子戰系統及其他人機互動平台連接，運用各作戰單元本身偵測感知設備取得戰場數據，發揮智慧群體自組織特性，強化對聯合作戰體系及後端情報分析的即時偵監支持，能夠實現全局偵搜、聯合預警、協同印證，形成多維一體、全域覆蓋的大區域聯合偵察情報體系。

「控」的領域更廣。運用智慧化無人作戰平台，能夠突破人類思維的邏輯極限、感官的生理極限和存在的物理極限，並取代人類進入深海、太空、極地、強輻射地域等傳統的生命禁區，並長時間置身其中實施“非常規作戰”，從而使作戰空間進一步拓展，具備在更廣的領域持續懾拒對手的實力。

「打」的速度更快。在智慧化網路資訊體系支撐下，情報鏈、指揮鏈、殺傷鏈無縫連接，資訊傳輸速度、決策速度與行動速度同步加快，智慧化作戰單元能夠靈活編組、自主協同、快速打擊。這些都使得時間利用效率極高、戰場反應速度極快。

「評」的精準度更準。運用經驗互動學習、類腦行為體係等智慧化科技，智慧化作戰評估系統能夠自主完成多手段行動效果評估資訊的擷取匯聚、分級分類，基於大數據和全景圖精準感知戰場行動，動態識別作戰進程並修正缺陷問題，預判複雜戰場變化，綜合規劃、靈活應對。

「保」的效率更高。以裝備維修專家系統、智慧化感知設備為代表的智慧化綜合保障系統的廣泛應用，能夠高效響應各域保障需求，智慧規劃保障資源，保障「雲」聚合各類戰場資源，有效提升網路化戰場綜合保障能力。

（曾海清 作者單位：河南省軍區）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/szb_223187/szbxq/index.html?paperName=jfjb&paperDate=2024-05-02&paperNumber=03&articleid=93088338

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Cognitive Confrontation, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 新軍事變革, 智慧戰爭

Prosperity and Development Support a Strong Chinese Military Culture Leading to Victory

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繁榮發展支撐中國軍事文化走向勝利

現代英語：

A strong military culture is the inner guarantee for the people’s army to be invincible, invincible, and continuously develop and grow. It is a fertile spiritual ground for nourishing officers and soldiers, and an important factor in improving the combat effectiveness of the army. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to “prosper and develop a strong military culture and strengthen the cultivation of fighting spirit.” In-depth study and implementation of Xi Jinping’s cultural thoughts, for the people’s army, is to prosper and develop a strong military culture. Through the education and influence of culture, we can cultivate the fighting spirit and brave and tenacious fighting style of the officers and soldiers who dare to fight and win, and use advanced culture to sharpen the spirit of defeating the enemy, providing spiritual motivation for being able to fight and win wars, and truly make the culture of a strong army point to winning and winning. Win with service and win with support.

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To comprehensively strengthen military training and preparations and improve the People’s Army’s ability to win, we must attach great importance to the valuable function of a strong military culture in educating people for war and assisting a strong military. Prosperity and development support the culture of a strong military that wins and wins. It is not only a historical inheritance, a need of the times, but also the call of the cause of strong military.

The basic direction of continuing our military’s cultural tradition. Culture is the root of a nation’s prosperity and an important support for a strong military. More than 80 years ago, Comrade Mao Zedong said at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art: “If we want to defeat the enemy, we must first rely on the army with guns in hand. But it is not enough to have this kind of army. We also need an army with culture. This is An army that is indispensable for uniting ourselves and defeating the enemy. “In the long-term practice of revolution, construction and reform, our army has used its blood and lives to forge the “cultural gene” of victory and the “cultural bloodline” of heroes, nourishing generations after generations. A generation of officers and soldiers. All the winning culture for victory contains a strong bloody gene and shows a clear direction of winning. In the new era and new journey, the key to extracting the essence and absorbing energy from our military’s cultural traditions is to polish the sharp knives and swords of the officers and soldiers’ fighting spirit, continue to enhance the officers and soldiers’ awareness of war, and constantly strengthen the joy of hearing war, bravery and tenacity, and The martial spirit of winning if you dare to fight.

An inevitable choice to adapt to the evolution of war patterns. The world’s new military revolution is accelerating the evolution of war toward information-based warfare with intelligent characteristics, showing characteristics such as informatization of technology, systematization of organization, and digitization of weapons and equipment. The evolution of war patterns will inevitably lead to the reshaping of military cultural patterns. From mechanized warfare to informatized and intelligent warfare, from “large corps” operations and “large depth” assaults, to “asymmetric operations”, “non-line operations”, “integrated joint operations”, and then to “multi-domain precision warfare” “Cognitive domain warfare” and the evolution of the mechanism for winning wars have promoted corresponding changes in the form of military culture. On the new journey, our military promotes the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligence. It must not only accelerate the iterative update of weapons and equipment, but also actively promote the transformation and development of military culture, shape and reflect the characteristics of the times in terms of military theory, strategy, tactics, and fighting spirit. Create a strong military culture in the new era that is compatible with the development of the times and in line with technological progress to support victory.

The essential requirement of prospering and developing a strong military culture. The fundamental function of a strong military culture is to serve as a military force for war, which determines that the fundamental purpose of building a strong military culture is to provide spiritual motivation for being able to fight and win wars. The culture of a strong military is extremely permeable and durable. The loyalty, quality and will to fight it contains forge the spirit of the people’s army and cultivate the invincible combat effectiveness of the people’s army. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the People’s Army has been reborn, transformed and reshaped. The entire military has taken the ability to fight and win wars as its fundamental focus, and has taken the prosperity and development of a strong military culture as a powerful measure to generate combat effectiveness. It is closely integrated with the generation of combat effectiveness. At the same time, it is closely integrated with the main responsibilities and main business of the army, constantly improving the contribution rate of a strong military culture to combat effectiveness, and fully demonstrating the combat function of a strong military culture in troop training and preparation.

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To prosper and develop a strong military culture that supports victory, we must be guided by Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army, grasp the main thread, highlight the key points, and strive to cultivate a strong military cultural system with combat culture, joint culture, and military characteristic culture as the main content. .

Cultivate a fighting culture that can win battles. Combat culture reflects the inherent essence of a strong military culture and determines the value positioning and value orientation of a strong military culture. Combat culture is a bloody culture that has been tempered, washed, and accumulated through the practice of military struggle. It has profound cultural heritage, strong combat characteristics, and distinctive characteristics of the times. Its value functions are mainly manifested in strengthening war awareness, improving combat skills, and sharpening combat skills. Spirit is an important component of combat effectiveness, the main body of the cultural system of a strong military, and an important magic weapon for the people’s army to win. To cultivate a combat culture, efforts must be made to strengthen the responsibility of officers and soldiers to serve as soldiers in war, lead troops to fight, and train troops to fight. The fighting spirit of “one is not afraid of hardship, and the other is not afraid of death” and the fighting qualities of bravery, tenacity, and determination to win if they dare to fight, and effectively set the standard of combat effectiveness. As the basic focus and foothold for the prosperity and development of a strong military culture, it serves as the fundamental criterion for testing the quality and effectiveness of the construction of a strong military culture.

Cultivate a joint culture that unites to win. Modern warfare cannot be fought without alliances and cannot be won without alliances. The basic combat style is integrated joint operations. Joint culture is based on the sum of joint knowledge systems, values, ways of thinking and behavioral norms that are required to win modern wars. It widely penetrates into the joint combat system, force structure, behavioral norms and models. It is like an invisible hand, effectively promoting the joint combat system from “physical connection” to “spiritual connection”, from “heart to heart” to “heart to heart.” To cultivate a joint culture, we must rely on task traction and joint exercises and training to solidify the political soul of officers and soldiers to obey the party’s command, cultivate the operational concept of joint victory, improve the knowledge system of joint operations, temper the way of thinking of integrated linkage, and cultivate common emotions and values, strengthen and stabilize the collective psychological identity, and condense the unbreakable will to win.

Cultivate a rich and colorful military culture. One flower blooming alone is not spring, but a hundred flowers blooming together fills the garden. In military practice, our army has formed its own distinctive service and service cultures, including the Army’s “Armored Iron Style” culture, “Artillery God of War” culture, and “Army Aviation War Eagle” culture, the Navy’s “Deep Blue Culture”, and the Air Force’s “Sky” culture. The culture of “Eagle”, “Ladder to Heaven” and “Arrow of Heaven”, the Rocket Army’s “Sword Sharpening Culture” and “Lang Ying Culture”, etc. The magnificent flowers of military service culture not only constitute a unique spiritual symbol, but also become a “multiplier” to improve the combat effectiveness of the troops. Creating a service culture with distinctive characteristics and profound heritage is not inconsistent with cultivating a joint culture. The culture of the services and arms supports the joint culture, and the joint culture realizes the organic integration of the cultures of the services and arms. The deeper the roots of the distinctive cultures of the services and arms are, the stronger the combat nature and combat effectiveness of the joint culture will be. At the same time, it is necessary to vigorously carry out colorful military camp cultural activities, use characteristic culture to build the soul of the army, gather soldiers’ hearts, and improve morale, and strive to create a lively situation where everyone has a stage, and more effectively use culture to educate people, Use educated people and literary talents to fight for their role.

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To prosper and develop a strong military culture in the new era, we must adhere to serving to win as the fundamental orientation, strengthen historical confidence, and continue to win the gene; persist in fighting for war and strengthen combat attributes; take multiple measures, integrate innovation, and create a military-minded and capable military culture. Create a strong atmosphere and effectively use a strong military culture to generate combat effectiveness.

Foster the winning genes of revolutionary soldiers in the new era. Culture is essentially a spiritual carrier. Over the course of more than 90 years of struggle, our army has forged a combat culture that dares to fight and must win, and has created unique advantages for defeating the enemy and winning the future. On the new journey, we must vigorously carry forward the glorious tradition of the People’s Army, publicize the typical deeds of advanced heroes and combat heroes, guide officers and soldiers to draw nourishment from the revolutionary spirit, draw fighting spirit from the glorious war history, and draw strength from combat honors, so that the people’s army can The winning gene is passed down from generation to generation. At present, the world’s major changes are accelerating. Changes in the world, the times, and history are unfolding in an unprecedented way. It is necessary to educate and guide the officers and soldiers not to be afraid of powerful enemies, to understand clearly that adhering to the party’s absolute leadership over the military is the fundamental guarantee for our army to win the war, to understand clearly that the overall power of the people’s war is the magic weapon for our army to defeat the enemy, and to combine the fighting spirit with the scientific spirit , continue the fine traditions of our army, and firmly establish the confidence and determination to win based on existing equipment.

Improve the combat index of building a strong military culture. President Xi pointed out: “We must combine the traditions and mission characteristics of each army, strengthen the construction of military culture, create a strong military culture, and cultivate the fearless heroism and brave and tenacious fighting style of the troops.” The fundamental direction of military cultural work must be reformed to support capabilities. To fight and win the battle. Deeply explore the revolutionary historical themes, highlight the creation of realistic military themes, and always shape people with a noble spirit and inspire people with excellent works. Regular arrangements are made for the literary and artistic light cavalry, field propaganda teams, and field photography teams to go to cold areas, go to the Gobi, go to plateaus, go to coastal defenses, go to border crossings, and join squads to prepare for military training and war, warm the hearts of soldiers, boost morale, and inspire fighting spirit. . We must insist on seeking combat effectiveness from culture, and promote the construction of a strong military culture to extend from the camp to the battlefield, and from peacetime to wartime. Organize wartime cultural work drills, explore the content, timing, methods and means of wartime cultural work, and provide important support for improving the combat effectiveness of the troops.

Enhance the military atmosphere and military atmosphere of the military camp. To build a strong military culture, an important task is to create an environment with a strong sense of war, so that officers and soldiers can be constantly influenced and subtly cultivate their will to fight and sharpen their fighting character. To create a strong atmosphere for military training and war, raise battle flags, shout battle slogans, and sing battle songs to strengthen the army, set up cultural light boxes, battle slogans, sculptures of heroes and models, etc., build cultural venues that reflect the military’s war history, battle examples, and revolutionary spirit, and continuously strengthen the officers and soldiers War awareness, combat readiness concepts, and fighting spirit. We should pay close attention to mass cultural activities, hold lectures on the culture of a strong army, organize forums on the culture of a strong army, organize officers and soldiers to tell battle stories and read books on combat culture, and carry out extensive assassination combat training and martial arts competitions to inspire officers and soldiers to dare to fight and fight well. . Innovate methods and methods, combine the elements of the times, science and technology with culture and art, and use technological means such as VR, AR, and MR to create battlefield cultural simulation rooms, etc., so that officers and soldiers can “immerse themselves” in the battlefield atmosphere and hone their winning capabilities.

(Author’s unit: Army Party Innovation Theory Research Center)

現代國語：

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16279540888.html■陳　陣

強軍文化是人民軍隊戰無不勝、攻無不克，不斷發展壯大的內在保證，是滋養官兵的精神沃土，是提高部隊戰鬥力的重要因素。黨的二十大報告強調要「繁榮發展強軍文化，強化戰鬥精神培育」。深入學習貫徹習近平文化思想，對人民軍隊而言，就是要繁榮發展強軍文化。通過文化的教化與薰陶，培育廣大官兵敢打必勝的戰鬥血性、英勇頑強的戰鬥作風，以先進文化砥礪克敵制勝精神，為能打仗、打勝仗提供精神動力，真正讓強軍文化指向打贏、服務打贏、支撐打贏。

一

全面加強練兵備戰，提升人民軍隊打贏能力，必須重視發揮強軍文化為戰育人、助力強軍的價值功能。繁榮發展支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化，既是歷史傳承、時代所需，也是強軍事業的召喚。

賡續我軍文化傳統的根本指向。文化是一個民族昌盛的根脈，也是一支軍隊強大的重要支撐。 80多年前，毛澤東同志在延安文藝座談會上說：「我們要戰勝敵人，首先要依靠手裡拿槍的軍隊。但是僅僅有這種軍隊是不夠的，我們還要有文化的軍隊，這是團結自己、戰勝敵人必不可少的一支軍隊。一代官兵。一切為了勝利的勝戰文化，蘊含著強大的血性基因，彰顯著鮮明的打贏指向。新時代新征程，從我軍文化傳統中萃取精華、汲取能量，關鍵要著力擦亮官兵戰鬥精神的尖刀利劍，持續增強官兵的向戰為戰意識，不斷強化聞戰則喜、英勇頑強、敢打必勝的尚武精神。

適應戰爭形態演變的必然選擇。世界新軍事革命正推動戰爭形態朝向具有智慧化特徵的資訊化戰爭加速演進，呈現出技術形態資訊化、組織形態體系化、武器裝備數字化等特徵。戰爭形態的演變，必然引發軍事文化形態的重塑。從機械化戰爭到資訊化、智慧化戰爭，從“大兵團”作戰、“大縱深”突擊，到“非對稱作戰”“非線式作戰”“一體化聯合作戰”，再到“多域精確戰”“認知域作戰”，戰爭制勝機理的演變，推動軍事文化形態相應隨之改變。新征程上，我軍推進機械化資訊化智慧融合發展，既要加速武器裝備的迭代更新，更要積極推進軍事文化轉型發展，從軍事理論、戰略戰術、戰鬥精神等方面塑造和體現時代特質，打造與時代發展相適應、與技術進步相符的新時代支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化。

繁榮發展強軍文化的本質要求。強軍文化姓軍為戰的根本職能，決定了打造強軍文化的根本目的就是為能打仗、打勝仗提供精神動力。強軍文化具有極強的滲透性、持久性，其所蘊含的忠誠品質和鬥爭意志，鍛造著人民軍隊的精氣神，培育著人民軍隊無堅不摧的戰鬥力。黨的十八大以來，人民軍隊浴火重生、轉型重塑，全軍部隊以能打仗、打勝仗為根本著眼點，把繁榮發展強軍文化作為催生戰鬥力的有力舉措，與戰鬥力生成緊密結合在一起，與軍隊主責主業緊密結合在一起，不斷提升強軍文化對戰鬥力的貢獻率，充分彰顯了強軍文化在練兵備戰中的戰鬥功能。

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繁榮發展支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化，必須以習近平強軍思想為指導，把準主脈、突出重點，著力培塑以戰鬥文化、聯合文化、部隊特色文化等為主體內容的強軍文化體系。

培育能打勝仗的戰鬥文化。戰鬥文化反映強軍文化的內在本質，決定強軍文化的價值定位與價值取向。戰鬥文化是歷經軍事鬥爭實踐錘煉、淘洗、積蓄形成的血性文化，具有深厚的文化底蘊、強烈的戰鬥特性和鮮明的時代特徵，其價值功能主要表現為強化打仗意識、提升作戰本領、砥礪戰鬥精神，是戰鬥力的重要構成要素，是強軍文化體系的主體，是人民軍隊打贏制勝的重要法寶。培育戰鬥文化，要著力強化官兵當兵打仗、帶兵打仗、練兵打仗的責任擔當，「一不怕苦、二不怕死」的戰鬥精神和英勇頑強、敢打必勝的戰鬥品質，切實把戰鬥力標準作為繁榮發展強軍文化的基本著力點和根本落腳點，作為檢驗強軍文化建設質效的根本尺度。

培育聯合製勝的聯合文化。現代戰爭無戰不聯、無聯不勝，基本作戰樣式是一體化聯合作戰。聯合文化是基於打贏現代戰爭所具備的聯合知識體系、價值觀念、思維方式和行為規範的總和，廣泛滲透於聯合作戰體制編制、力量結構、行為準則和模式之中。它就像看不見的手，有力地推動著聯合作戰體係從“形聯”到“神聯”，從“芯聯芯”到“心連心”。培育聯合文化，要依托任務牽引和聯演聯訓，鑄牢官兵聽黨指揮的政治靈魂，培塑聯合製勝的作戰理念，完善聯合作戰的知識體系，錘煉一體聯動的思維方式，培育共同的情感和價值，強固穩定的集體心理認同，凝聚牢不可破的打贏意志。

培育豐富多彩的部隊特色文化。一花獨放不是春，百花齊放春滿園。我軍在軍事實踐中形成了各具特色的軍兵種文化，有陸軍的“裝甲鐵流”文化、“砲兵戰神”文化、“陸航戰鷹”文化，海軍的“深藍文化”，空軍的“天鷹”“天梯”“天箭”文化，火箭軍的“礪劍文化”“長纓文化”，等等。一朵朵軍兵種文化的瑰麗之花，既構成了獨特的精神標識，也成為部隊戰鬥力提升的「倍增器」。打造具有鮮明特色、底蘊深厚的軍兵種文化，與培育聯合文化並不矛盾。軍兵種文化支撐聯合文化，聯合文化實現了軍兵種文化的有機融合，軍兵種特色文化的根扎得越深，聯合文化戰鬥性就越強，就越有戰鬥力。與此同時，要大力開展多姿多彩的軍營文化活動，以特色文化鑄軍魂、聚兵心、提士氣，著力形成人人都有舞台的生動活潑局面，更有效地發揮以文育人、以文化人、以文資戰作用。

三

繁榮發展新時代強軍文化，必須堅持把服務打贏作為根本指向，堅定歷史自信，賡續勝戰基因；堅持向戰為戰，強化戰鬥屬性；多措並舉，融合創新，營造尚武精武的濃厚氛圍，切實用強軍文化催生戰鬥力。

厚植新時代革命軍人的勝戰基因。文化在本質上是一種精神承載，我軍在90多年的奮鬥歷程中鍛造形成的敢打必勝的戰鬥文化，鑄就了克敵制勝、贏得未來的特有優勢。新旅程上，我們要大力弘揚人民軍隊光榮傳統，宣傳先進英模、戰鬥英雄典型事跡，引導官兵從革命精神中汲取營養，從輝煌戰史中汲取鬥志，從戰鬥榮譽中汲取力量，讓人民軍隊的勝戰基因薪火相傳。當前，世界大變局加速演進，世界變化、時代之變、歷史變正以前所未有的方式展開。要教育引導廣大官兵不畏強敵，認清堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導是我軍能打勝仗的根本保證，認清人民戰爭的整體威力是我軍克敵制勝的法寶，把戰鬥精神與科學精神結合起來，賡續我軍優良傳統，穩固樹立立足現有裝備打贏制勝的信心決心。

提升強軍文化建設的戰鬥指數。習主席指出：「要結合各部隊傳統和任務特點，加強軍事文化建設，打造強軍文化，培養部隊大無畏的英雄氣概和英勇頑強的戰鬥作風。」要把軍事文化工作根本指向歸正到支撐能打仗、打勝仗上。深入探討革命歷史題材，突顯現實軍事題材創作，始終以高貴的精神塑造人、以優秀的作品鼓舞人心。常態安排文藝輕騎隊、戰地宣傳隊、戰地攝影隊等進寒區、入戈壁、上高原、下海防、走邊關、進班排，為練兵備戰、矢志打贏溫暖兵心、鼓舞士氣、激發鬥志。堅持向文化要戰鬥力，推動強軍文化建設重心從營區延伸至戰場、從平時拓展到戰時。組織戰時文化工作演練，探索戰時文化工作的內容、時機和方式手段，為提升部隊戰鬥力提供重要支撐。

增強軍營文化氛圍的兵味戰味。打造強軍文化，一項重要任務是營造兵味戰味濃厚的環境氛圍，使官兵時時受到薰陶，在潛移默化中培養戰鬥意志、砥礪戰鬥品格。濃厚練兵打仗氛圍，把戰鬥旗幟揚起來、戰鬥口號喊起來、強軍戰歌唱起來，設置文化燈箱、戰鬥標語、英模雕塑等，修建反映部隊戰史戰例、革命精神的文化場所，不斷強化廣大官兵戰爭意識、戰備觀念、戰鬥精神。抓好群眾性文化活動，開設強軍文化講座，舉辦強軍文化論壇，組織官兵講戰鬥故事、讀戰鬥文化書籍，廣泛開展刺殺格鬥訓練和比武競賽活動，激發官兵敢戰能戰善戰的血性膽氣。創新方式方法，將時代元素、科學技術與文化藝術結合起來，運用VR、AR、MR等科技手段，打造戰場文化模擬室等，讓官兵「身臨其境」感受戰場氛圍、錘煉打贏能力。

（作者單位：陸軍黨的創新理論研究中心）

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Informatization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊, 認知對抗, 認知戰, 認知領域操作

Chinese Military Focus on Preparing for War

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中國軍隊專注於備戰

現代英語：

Party committees at all levels of the military are the leading force in preparing for war. They must make preparation for war the first priority and place it at the center of all work. They must focus on the center to plan war, keep pace with the times, innovate in war research, and focus on winning. We will effectively prepare for war and comprehensively build the country.

In his important speech at the Central Military Commission’s military training conference, President Xi pointed out that “Party committees at all levels must improve their political positions, strengthen their political responsibilities, and work diligently to do a good job in military training.” He emphasized that “all levels, especially senior commanders, must concentrate on research. Military, study war, study fighting, understand combat, know how to command, be good at organizing training, and practice training to develop excellent skills and lead out excellent troops.” To implement the important instructions of Chairman Xi, we must strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party committee over military training work, effectively focus our work on preparing for war, focus on our main responsibilities and main tasks of planning, researching, operating, and preparing for war, and put our combat effectiveness Standards and practical requirements run through the entire process of military building in all fields, ensuring that when the party and the people need it, they are always available, able to fight, and victorious when they are needed.

Focus on the center and fight resolutely

“Things that are well planned will be determined by action.” Party committees at all levels of the army, as the leading force in preparing for war, and commanders at all levels, as the “leaders” of combat command, should insist that all work be based on improving combat effectiveness, and all work should focus on improving combat effectiveness. To carry out all work, all work will be tested based on whether it can increase the contribution rate to combat effectiveness building. We should be good at using strategic thinking that has an overall view and a long-term perspective to think about wars and plan wars, so as to make decisions before taking action.

In-depth study of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Army, implement the military strategic guidelines of the new era, understand the issues of victory, value inquiry, and ability torture through learning, understanding, and practice, and shoulder the responsibilities of the Party Committee in preparing for war. The main responsibility of the party committee is to prepare for war and war as the main responsibility of the party committee leaders, with a high sense of political responsibility and historical mission to prepare for war, concentrate on the main business, and perform the main responsibilities without distraction, so as to ensure that the center of gravity does not shift and the state does not change at any time. Be free and unyielding in will.

Keep up with the changes, trends, and developments of the new military revolution in the world, pay close attention to our country’s security and development situation, improve our political position, broaden our political horizons, grasp the direction, and broaden our horizons with forward-looking thinking, innovative ideas, and broadened horizons that keep pace with the times. Grasp the general trend, grasp the overall situation, and demonstrate the new responsibilities and new achievements of the party committee in the new era to prepare for war and win.

Resolutely set up the baton to prepare for war, take the lead in establishing the thinking of the combat team, find the correct functional positioning, deeply integrate the work of the party committee into the construction of combat effectiveness, strengthen the role of control and orientation functions, start from ourselves, and always tighten the string of preparation for war. , guide the troops to focus all their thoughts on fighting and work hard on fighting, and strengthen the minds of officers and soldiers to be ready to fight at any time and to win wars based on existing conditions.

Keep pace with the times and innovate research

Soldiers have no constant momentum, and water has no constant shape. The operational forms of future wars are changing with each passing day. In particular, the combat space of modern warfare has formed three major combat domains: the physical domain, the information domain, and the cognitive domain. This has resulted in multidimensional and diverse combat theories and war styles. We must adapt to new changes and grasp new characteristics. , establish new concepts, and keep pace with the times to explore and study the winning mechanism of information-based and intelligent warfare.

Adaptation to change research theory. Persist in making good use of the party committee’s theoretical study center group learning system, conduct in-depth study and study of combat ideas, combat guidance, combat methods, etc. in future wars, more accurately grasp the characteristics of future wars such as system confrontation, global time and space, and hybrid games, and highlight the joint efforts under informationized conditions. Research and exploration of combat characteristics and laws, and fully implement them into actual combat-oriented military training practices.

Understand the mechanism of war history research. Focusing on advancing preparations for military struggles in depth, from party committee leaders to front-line commanders, from agencies to troops, read more classic military works, study more war history and examples of generals, think more about the factors of victory and defeat, and comprehensively use innovative thinking, dialectical thinking, Legal thinking, etc. vigorously study military affairs, war, opponents, and technology to improve forward-looking planning, system design, and strategizing capabilities.

Democratic resolution research strategy. Adhere to the division of labor and responsibility system of heads under the unified collective leadership of the party committee, strictly implement the system of discussion, discussion and training, focus on identifying shortcomings, bottlenecks and difficulties during the discussion, study measures, fill gaps and solve problems during the discussion, and solve problems during the discussion. Direction, clear ideas, clarification of rights and responsibilities, so that the basis for discussion, the quality of decision-making, and the responsibility for implementation can be realized, and the decision-making and action can be realized, and the decision-making power, execution power and combat effectiveness can be truly realized.

Specializes in refining and conducting research. In view of the “five incompetences” existing among a small number of commanders, we must speed up the improvement of strategic literacy, joint literacy, command literacy, and scientific and technological literacy, and develop excellent skills in understanding operations, commanding, organizing training, and practicing training, so as to achieve We must really understand combat, be good at command, and truly know how to unite, and accelerate the improvement of our ability to plan and command war.

Focus on winning the war with dedication

If the soldiers do not want to fight, it will be a great disaster for the country. Party committees at all levels, as the leading, central, and engine in preparing for war, must roll up their sleeves and work hard, consolidate and deepen the results achieved in correcting the long-standing abuses of peace with a high-spirited attitude, a pragmatic style, and effective measures, and act vigorously and resolutely, and work hard and quickly, Don’t give up if you don’t see results, and push forward the implementation of various tasks in preparation for war.

Thoroughly rectify the accumulated shortcomings and strengthen the spirit. In the past, we had less steel and more air. Now that we have more steel, we need more air and our bones need to be harder. We must take effective measures and flexible and diverse forms to do a good job in education on missions, tasks, and situational combat readiness, explore and form a long-term mechanism for cultivating combat spirit, strive to strengthen the combat team mentality of the majority of officers and soldiers, always maintain a ready-to-fight attitude, and thoroughly correct the ” The “Peace Officer” and “Peace Soldier” have accumulated many disadvantages. They educate and guide officers and soldiers to strengthen their ideals and beliefs, sharpen their will to fight, temper their fighting style, and always maintain a tenacious fighting spirit that is not afraid of hardship and death.

Really prepare for strong combat power. Based on what can be drawn, used and won at critical moments, we must strictly strengthen the supervision of combat readiness training, increase the intensity of inspections and inspections, deeply correct formalism and bureaucracy in training, comprehensively rectify training and performance examinations, and achieve The training style has basically improved. Reduce “five more” by cutting the edge of the knife inward, improve the style of the meeting, investigate and deal with fraud with zero tolerance, effectively treat the training ground as a battlefield and the post as a combat position, in arduous and strict training, in an environment close to actual combat Beat and train the troops, hone the quality of the officers and soldiers, test the performance of the equipment, and forge the troops’ excellent combat effectiveness.

Positive motivation and strong orientation. Adhere to the standards of good military cadres, select and employ cadres strictly in accordance with principles, policies, rules, and procedures, so that those who want to fight have a stage, those who want to fight have a seat, and those who can fight have a purpose, and resolutely abandon and correct the selection and employment of personnel. The unhealthy tendencies and wrong guidance have been effectively formed to form a work orientation, employment orientation, policy orientation, and public opinion orientation that are conducive to strengthening military training and preparation for war.

Strong configuration of aggregated resources. We must focus all our minds on the center, work hard on the center, and allocate resources to the center. We should focus on planning, reviewing, guiding, and evaluating all work at the service guarantee center, and vigorously break the performance standards of competing for fame and glory, and passively ensuring safety. Safety standards, compliance with the status quo, and resolute efforts to resolutely correct the phenomenon of competing for time, space, and resources with central work, truly aligning all work with actual combat needs, and in line with improving core military capabilities. We must resolutely prevent wasted idling that deviates from combat effectiveness, review plans, determine projects, focus on construction, and seek development at the rate of contribution to combat effectiveness, and always ensure that the center is centered.

Comprehensive construction and effective preparation for war

Only by being strong in all aspects can we be sure of victory. Party committees at all levels should insist on focusing on preparing for war, comprehensively strengthen grassroots construction, and strive to forge excellent grassroots who listen to the Party and follow the Party, capable of fighting and winning wars, and have strict laws and disciplines and upright morale, so as to lead officers and soldiers very well. With a bloody spirit, he brings the troops to full strength and ensures the overall progress and overall excellence of the troops.

Strengthen political leadership. To be strong at the grassroots level, we must first be strong politically. Party organizations at all levels must strengthen political guidance to the officers and soldiers, persist in using the party’s scientific theories to build connections and educate people, unremittingly arm officers and soldiers with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Army, and continue to deepen the “inheriting the red gene” , shoulder the important responsibility of strengthening the army”, promote the project of passing on the red gene from generation to generation, strive to lay a solid ideological and political foundation for officers and soldiers to obey the party’s command and devote themselves to the cause of strengthening the army, and ensure that the party’s absolute leadership over the army reaches directly to the grassroots and officers and soldiers.

Strengthen organizational functions. Party committees and leading cadres at all levels must firmly establish the idea that “doing a good job in party building is their duty, not doing a good job in party building is dereliction of duty, and failing to do a good job in party building is dereliction of duty.” Service contact orientation. Extensively carry out the activities of “learning military affairs, learning command, and learning science and technology” to enhance the ability of all levels to plan wars, command wars, and lead troops to fight, and truly transform the party’s political and organizational advantages into winning advantages.

Sharpen the bloody courage. Focus on sharpening the edge of the sword in actual combat and forging elite soldiers and generals in actual training. Strengthen the consistency of combat training, insist on using combat to lead training and use training to promote combat, so as to train according to actual combat requirements and realize the integration of combat and training. Make live ammunition, actual delivery, and live explosions a “homely meal”. Difficulty, strictness, and actual combat should be regarded as the “standard configuration” of training. Keep a close eye on the battlefield and tasks, design the training environment, set training conditions, and transform the training ground into Designed as a “quasi-battlefield” and “actual combat ground”, officers and soldiers are trained in difficult situations, tempered in dangerous situations, and tempered in critical situations, so as to truly develop excellent skills and bring out excellent troops.

Transform the way we run the military. Adhere to the orientation of everything to improve combat effectiveness and focus on mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of officers and soldiers, accelerate the transformation of the way of running the military, increase the intensity of running the military in accordance with the law and strictly manage the military, and strictly perform duties and powers in accordance with legal responsibilities and authority, Work is carried out in accordance with the regulations and rules and regulations, which is not only strict within the law and strict in accordance with the law, but also managed in a reasonable and measured manner, so as to effectively manage positive energy, high efficiency, and combat effectiveness.

(Author’s unit: Armed Police Shanxi Corps)

現代國語：

內容提要

軍隊各級黨委是備戰打仗的領導力量，必須把備戰打仗作為第一要務，擺在各項工作的中心位置，切實做到聚焦中心堅定謀戰、與時俱進創新研戰、著眼打贏致力務戰、全面抓建有效備戰。

習主席在中央軍委軍事訓練會議上的重要講話中指出，“各級黨委要提高政治站位，強化政治擔當，兢兢業業抓好軍事訓練工作”，強調“各級特別是高級指揮員要集中精力研究軍事、研究戰爭、研究打仗，懂作戰、會指揮、善組訓、真抓訓，練就過硬本領，帶出過硬部隊」。貫徹落實習主席的重要指示，要求我們必須加強黨委對軍訓工作的集中統一領導，切實把工作重心放在備戰打仗上，聚焦主責主業謀戰、研戰、務戰、備戰，把戰鬥力標準、實戰化要求貫穿到部隊建設各領域全過程，確保在黨和人民需要的時候始終做到召之即來、來之能戰、戰之必勝。

聚焦中心堅定謀戰

「計熟事定，舉必有功。」部隊各級黨委作為備戰打仗的領導力量，各級指揮員作為作戰指揮的“領頭雁”，應堅持一切工作以提高戰鬥力為出發點，一切工作圍繞提高戰鬥力來展開，一切工作以是否提升對戰鬥力建設的貢獻率為檢驗標準，善於用總攬全局、高瞻遠矚的戰略思維思戰謀戰，做到謀定而後動。

深入習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想與習近平強軍思想，貫徹新時代軍事戰略方針，在學通弄懂做實中感悟勝戰之問、價值叩問、本領拷問，承擔起黨委在備戰打仗中的主體責任，把抓備戰打仗作為黨委領導的主責主業，以高度的政治責任感和歷史使命感抓備戰打仗，聚精會神務主業，心無旁騖履主責，確保任何時候重心不偏移、狀態不遊離、意志不鬆懈。

緊跟世界新軍事革命情勢變化、趨勢走向、態勢發展，緊密關注我國安全與發展形勢，提升政治站位、拓寬政治視野，以與時俱進的前瞻思維、創新理念、開闊視野，掌握方向、把握大勢、把握全局，展現新時代黨委抓備戰謀打贏的新擔當新作為。

堅決立起備戰打仗的指揮棒，帶頭樹牢戰鬥隊思想，找準職能定位，將黨委各項工作深度融入戰鬥力建設，強化把關定向功能作用，從自身做起，時刻繃緊備戰打仗這根弦，引導部隊把全部心思向打仗聚焦、各項工作向打仗用勁，強化官兵隨時準備打仗和立足現有條件打勝仗的思想。

與時俱進創新研戰

兵無常勢，水無常形。未來戰爭作戰形態日新月異，特別是現代戰爭的作戰空間已經形成物理域、資訊域、認知域三大作戰域，由此帶來作戰理論、戰爭樣式多維多元多樣，必須適應新變化、掌握新特徵、樹立新理念，與時俱進探索研究資訊化、智慧化戰爭的製勝機理。

適應變化研理論。堅持用好黨委員會理論學習中心組學習制度，深入學習研究未來戰爭的作戰思想、作戰指導、作戰方法等，更加精確把握未來戰爭的體系對抗、全域時空、混合賽局等特徵，突顯資訊化條件下聯合作戰特點規律的研究探索，並全面落實到實戰化軍事訓練實踐。

通曉戰史研機理。著眼軍事鬥爭準備向縱深推進，從黨委首長到一線指揮員、從機關到部隊，多讀經典軍事著作，多研戰史戰例戰將，多思勝負成敗因素，綜合運用創新思維、辯證思維、法治思維等大力研究軍事、研究戰爭、研究對手、研究技術，提升前瞻籌劃、體系設計、運籌帷幄能力。

民主決議研方略。堅持黨委統一的集體領導下的首長分工負責制，嚴格落實議戰議訓制度，注重在議中查短板、找瓶頸、尋難點，在議中研舉措、補缺口、破難題，在議中把方向、明思路、晰權責，做到議事講依據、決策講質量、落實講責任，實現議而決、決而行，真正議出決策力、議出執行力、議出戰鬥力。

專攻精練研指揮。針對少數指揮存在的「五個不會」等情況，加快提升戰略素養、聯合素養、指揮素養、科技素養，練就懂作戰、會指揮、善組訓、真抓訓的過硬本領，做到真懂作戰、真善指揮、真會聯合，加速提升謀劃打仗、指揮打仗能力。

著眼打贏致力務戰

兵不思戰、國之大禍。各級黨委作為備戰打仗的龍頭、中樞、引擎，必須擼起袖子加油幹，以昂揚的狀態、務實的作風、管用的舉措，鞏固深化糾治和平積弊取得的成果，雷厲風行、緊抓快幹，不見成效不撒手，推進備戰打仗各項工作落地落實。

徹糾積弊強精神。過去我們鋼少氣多，現在鋼多了，氣更多，骨頭要更硬。必須採取有力舉措和靈活多樣的形式，搞好使命任務、形勢戰備教育，探索形成戰鬥精神培育的長效機制，著力強化廣大官兵的戰鬥隊思想，始終保持枕戈待旦的戰鬥姿態，徹底糾治當“和平官」「和平兵」等沈痾積弊，教育引導官兵堅定理想信念、磨礪戰鬥意志、錘煉戰鬥作風，始終保持一不怕苦、二不怕死的頑強戰鬥精神。

真抓實備強戰力。立足關鍵時刻拉得出、用得上、打得贏，從嚴加強戰備訓練監察，加大檢查巡察力度，深入糾治訓練中的形式主義、官僚主義，全面整治訓風演風考風，實現訓練作風根本好轉。刀口向內壓減“五多”，改進會風文風話風，零容忍查處弄虛作假行為，切實把演訓場當戰場、把崗位當戰位，在艱苦嚴格的訓練中、在近似實戰的環境中摔打和鍛煉部隊，砥礪官兵素質，檢驗裝備性能，鍛造部隊過硬的戰鬥力。

正向激勵強導向。堅持軍隊好幹部標準，嚴格按原則、按政策、按規矩、按程序選拔使用幹部，讓想打仗的有舞台、鑽打仗的有位子、能打仗的有奔頭，堅決摒棄、糾治選人用人上的不正之風與錯誤導向，切實形成有利於加強練兵備戰的工作導向、用人導向、政策導向、輿論導向。

聚合資源強配置。堅持全部心思向中心聚焦、一切工作向中心用勁、各項資源向中心配置，著眼服務保障中心籌劃、審視、牽引、評判各項工作，大力破除圖名頭爭彩頭的政績標準、消極保安全的安全標準、安於現狀的守成標準，堅決糾治與中心工作爭時間、爭空間、爭資源等現象，真正使全部工作與實戰需求對接，與提升核心軍事能力合拍。堅決防止偏離戰鬥力的虛耗空轉現象，以對戰鬥力的貢獻率審規劃、定項目、抓建設、謀發展，始終確保中心居中。

全面抓建有效備戰

全面過硬，才能勝券在握。各級黨委應堅持聚焦備戰打仗，全面加強基層建設，著力鍛造聽黨話、跟黨走的過硬基層，能打仗、打勝仗的過硬基層，法紀嚴、風氣正的過硬基層，把官兵帶得很有血性，把部隊帶得虎虎生威，確保部隊全面進步、全面過硬。

加強政治引領。基層過硬首先政治要過硬。各級黨組織要加強對廣大官兵的政治引領，堅持用黨的科學理論建連育人，堅持不懈地用習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想和習近平強軍思想武裝官兵，持續深化“傳承紅色基因、擔當強軍重任」主題教育，推進紅色基因代代傳工程，著力打牢官兵聽黨指揮、獻身強軍事業的思想政治根基，確保黨對軍隊的絕對領導直達基層、直達官兵。

強化組織功能。各級黨委會和領導幹部要穩固樹立「抓好黨建是本職、不抓黨建是失職、抓不好黨建是瀆職」的思想，把抓黨建與抓軍事融合起來，瞄準打贏抓黨建，立起黨建服務打仗指向。廣泛開展「學軍事、學指揮、學科技」活動，增強各級謀劃打仗、指揮打仗、帶兵打仗能力，真正把黨的政治優勢、組織優勢轉化為制勝優勢。

磨礪血性膽。注重在實戰中磨礪劍鋒銳氣，實訓中鍛造精兵強將。強化戰訓一致，堅持以戰領訓、以訓促戰，做到依實戰要求訓練，實現作戰和訓練一體化。把實彈、實投、實爆作為“家常飯”，將從難、從嚴、從實戰出發作為訓練“標配”，緊盯戰場、緊貼任務，設計訓練環境、設置訓練條件，將訓練場設計成“準戰場”“實戰地”，把官兵放到難局中鍛煉、險局中淬煉、危局中錘煉，真正練就過硬本領，帶出過硬部隊。

轉變治軍方式。堅持一切以戰鬥力的提升為指向，一切以有利於調動官兵的積極性主動性創造性為著眼點，加快轉變治軍方式，加大依法治軍、從嚴治軍力度，嚴格按法定職責權限履職用權，依據條令條例和規章制度開展工作，既嚴在法內、依法從嚴，又管在理上、合理有度，切實管出正能量、管出高效益、管出戰鬥力。

（作者單位：武警山西總隊）

來源：中國軍網-解放軍報 作者：曾友成 責任編輯：楊凡凡
2020-12-09 06:00

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/9949850888.html?big=fan

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Fully recognize the role of big data in China’s national defense and military modernization – He who has the data wins

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充分認識大數據在國防和軍事現代化建設中的作用——擁有數據誰就贏

現代英語：

●With the advent of the big data era, military data is becoming an important strategic resource. The mining and utilization of big data will be an important foundation for future intelligent warfare.

●The core of the military management revolution is efficiency, and the key to improving efficiency lies in leveraging the driving role of data.

● Scientific research informatization, with data co-construction, sharing and use as its core, is profoundly changing the demand generation, research model and working mechanism of scientific research, and has become an important force in promoting scientific and technological innovation.

The 19th CPC National Congress issued a mobilization order to comprehensively promote the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and put forward clear requirements to adapt to the development trend of the new military revolution in the world. The essential characteristics of this new military revolution are digitization, networking and intelligence. It can be seen that data is being fully integrated into the military field, becoming the driving force of military scientific research, the core element of construction management, and an important resource for winning wars.

Not long ago, President Xi Jinping stressed at the second collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we should assess the situation, plan carefully, make forward-looking arrangements, and strive to take the initiative to promote the implementation of the national big data strategy and accelerate the construction of a digital China. To conduct big data research, we should first grasp the requirements of the times and fully recognize the status and role of big data in the modernization of national defense and the military.

Military data is the “golden key” to open the door to future victory

The 19th CPC National Congress emphasized the need to “accelerate the development of intelligent military operations.” At present, the war situation is accelerating its transformation toward informatization and intelligence. The important foundation of intelligence is the mining and utilization of big data. Military data plays an irreplaceable and key role in winning future wars.

Data is the core of the transformation of combat styles. With the advent of the big data era, military data is becoming an important strategic resource. “Data warfare” is gradually emerging as a brand-new combat style. This will be a brand-new combat with data attack and protection as the basic means. The two enemies are engaged in a fierce competition on the “new data battlefield” around seizing “data control rights” and aiming at “data dividends”. By plundering, damaging and destroying the enemy’s data resources, they establish their own data advantages, quickly reach combat decisions and action advantages, and transform them into combat victories in a timely manner. “He who gets the data gets the world”, and in the future “he who makes good use of data wins the war” will become the basic law of winning on the battlefield. At present, countries around the world are taking strong measures to accelerate the construction, protection and use of military data. For example, the United States has included big data in its “Third Offset Strategy” and vigorously integrated its global data centers to support the transformation of combat patterns with data and to consolidate its global combat advantages. On April 26, 2017, the U.S. Department of Defense established the “Algorithmic Warfare Cross-Functional Group” and officially launched the concept research of “algorithmic warfare” to vigorously promote the application of big data-related technologies in future intelligent warfare. The U.S. think tank “New American Security Center” released a report in December 2017 stating that the U.S. Department of Defense placed algorithms on the same level of importance as weapons and ammunition, and used them as an important criterion for measuring the strength of the U.S. military.

Data is the lifeblood of joint combat command. The key to achieving joint combat lies in whether data can flow efficiently, be analyzed and integrated efficiently. Opening up the sharing channel of joint combat data, accelerating the joint command based on data flow, and promoting the interconnection, data sharing and comprehensive integration of different combat units and combat elements can effectively eliminate the cognitive limitations of commanders, make the battlefield clear and transparent, and make command precise and efficient. Only by operating in the data and winning on the data can we truly realize the intelligent, real-time and precise command decisions. At present, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of the United States has listed “from data to decision” as its top priority development direction to cope with information data overload, improve the level of intelligent and automated data analysis, and significantly shorten the command decision cycle. For example, the “Insight” project it established quickly processes massive amounts of complex data from different sensors and integrates them into a battlefield situation map, helping commanders to efficiently analyze combat intelligence and target data, providing effective support for joint combat decision-making.

Data is the cornerstone of building an intelligent battlefield. The battlefield of the future will be highly intelligent, with weapons and equipment, support systems, battlefield communication and information systems, etc., and data is an important foundation for intelligence. Weapon platforms, firepower systems, information systems and even combat personnel are integrated through big data and machine learning technology to form a highly intelligent combat system. Based on big data technology, unmanned systems will become an important combat force in the future; autonomous perception, autonomous analysis, autonomous decision-making, and autonomous strikes based on data will replace energy mobility with information mobility and become the key factor for victory; through the mining and utilization of massive data, the efficiency and intelligence level of battlefield support will be greatly improved. The “Third Offset Strategy” currently being implemented by the U.S. military proposes to focus on the development of key technical fields such as machine learning, human-machine collaboration, human combat action assistance systems, and advanced manned/unmanned combat formations. All of these are centered on big data and artificial intelligence technologies and aim to enhance the intelligence level of weapons and equipment and information systems.

Military data is an important core to stimulate the revolution of military management

The report of the 19th CPC National Congress proposed to “advance the revolution in military management, improve and develop the socialist military system with Chinese characteristics.” With the continuous improvement of human social productivity and scientific and technological levels, the ideas, systems, mechanisms, methods and means of military management will inevitably change. Every epoch-making innovation in science and technology and production methods, and every profound change in military organization and military theory will give birth to and trigger a corresponding revolution in military management. In the information age, the core of the military management revolution is efficiency. The key to improving efficiency lies in giving play to the driving role of data and focusing on improving the professionalization, refinement and scientificization of military management.

Data drives the change of military management concepts. The military management revolution emphasized by President Xi Jinping is primarily about establishing modern management concepts. Both Deming, the master of quality management, and Drucker, the father of modern scientific management, have said: “You can’t manage without quantification.” Data is the foundation of modern management concepts and the foundation for achieving fine management. The use of data analysis can accurately identify military management problems and provide a basis for reforming the military management system and improving the effectiveness of military management. Decisions based on experience will be increasingly replaced by full-sample decisions based on big data. Only by firmly establishing the management concept of “speaking with data, making decisions with data, managing with data, and innovating with data” can we effectively promote the military management revolution with efficiency as the core.

Data drives the modernization of the military organization. The report of the 19th CPC National Congress proposed to “advance the modernization of the military organization in an all-round way”. In the era of big data, the military organization is gradually changing from a linear mode dominated by processes to a flat network mode centered on data, showing characteristics such as multi-subject coordination, multi-process penetration, and high-frequency information interaction. Using data flow to lead the integrated development of information flow and resource flow, and realizing the transformation of the military organization from a “tree-like” to a “network-like” form, can promote the optimization of the design of military organizations, the efficiency of command processes, and the scientific allocation of power and responsibility. For example, the information system developed by the United States in accordance with the unified requirements of the Department of Defense system structure framework collects and analyzes relevant data in real time, and optimizes management processes through relationships such as data and capabilities, thereby ensuring the orderly operation of the Department of Defense.

Data drives the transformation of military management methods. President Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed the need to improve the level of professional, refined, and scientific management of the military. Under the new military construction and management system, the CMC has established 15 departments, and the requirements for management decisions are getting higher and higher. There is an urgent need to integrate military data at all levels, both macro and micro, and to dynamically display the military management process, elements, and links in a panoramic manner. By analyzing the trends of data and information flows, continuously optimizing the management system and operating mechanism, and promoting the transformation of military management from an “art” based on experience to a “science” based on data, it will provide new ideas, methods, and paths for effectively handling complex and large-scale system problems in military management, and will greatly improve the effectiveness of military management.

Military data is a strong support for military scientific research and innovation

President Xi Jinping stressed the need to closely integrate military theory with military technology and innovate the military scientific research work model. At present, scientific research informatization with data co-construction, sharing and use as the core is profoundly changing the demand generation, research model and work mechanism of scientific research, and has become an important force in promoting scientific and technological innovation. In the military field, data research will also play an increasingly important role.

Leading the direction of military scientific research. At present, the pertinence and scientific nature of our military scientific research projects need to be improved. Using big data technology to integrate and mine various information data at home and abroad, inside and outside the military, can not only timely discover our shortcomings and weaknesses, but also comprehensively perceive and analyze the current status of military science and technology development in major countries, quickly capture research hotspots, predict development trends, identify potential disruptive technologies and fog traps, provide guidance for scientific project establishment, and promote major changes in the military scientific research demand generation model. For example, the “Technology Tracking and Horizon Scanning” project implemented by the Office of Technical Intelligence of the U.S. Department of Defense in 2011 uses big data technology to comprehensively perceive and deeply analyze global scientific and technological activities, analyze advantages and gaps, and thus guide future scientific research directions and priorities.

Transform the military research paradigm. In 2007, Jim Gray, winner of the Computer Turing Award, proposed that human scientific research activities have gone through the “experimental science paradigm” at the beginning of the development of science and technology, the “theoretical science paradigm” characterized by models and induction, and the “computational science paradigm” characterized by simulation, and are currently shifting to the “data science paradigm” characterized by big data analysis. Under this research paradigm, big data and artificial intelligence will be fully and deeply embedded in military scientific research. In the past, scientific conclusions that could only be obtained through experiments or simulations will be able to discover unknown laws, mine hidden information, and capture valuable knowledge through the analysis and mining of massive data in the future, thereby subverting the traditional military scientific research model and mechanism, forming a new military scientific research paradigm, and greatly improving research efficiency.

Promote the in-depth development of the integration of theory and technology. For a long time, how our military’s military theoretical research and military technical research can complement each other has always been a “difficult problem”. Theoretical research lacks the support of advanced technology, and technical research lacks the guidance of military theory. After the adjustment and reform, the barriers between military theoretical research and military technical research have been broken down from the institutional perspective. However, to truly achieve the deep integration of the two, it is necessary to open up the information data flow of the integration of theory and technology through the comprehensive sharing and efficient interaction of military data, build the underlying channel of the integration of theory and technology, effectively change the past binary separation situation, and make data sharing an important breakthrough for the integration of theory and technology in military scientific research. (Liu Linshan)

(Author’s unit: Military Science Information Research Center, Academy of Military Science)

現代國語：

要點提示

●隨著大數據時代的到來，軍事數據正成為舉足輕重的戰略資源，未來智慧化戰爭的重要基礎就是大數據的挖掘與利用。

●軍事管理革命的核心是效能，而提高效能的關鍵在於發揮數據的驅動作用。

●以數據共建、共享、共用為核心的科學研究資訊化，正在深刻改變科研的需求生成、研究模式與工作機制，成為推動科技創新的重要力量。

黨的十九大發出全面推進國防和軍隊現代化建設的動員令，提出適應世界新軍事革命發展趨勢的明確要求。正在進行的這場新軍事革命的本質特徵是數字化、網絡化和智能化。可以看到，數據正全面融入軍事領域，成為軍事科研的驅動力量、建設管理的核心要素、戰爭制勝的重要資源。

前不久，習主席在中共中央政治局第二次集體學習時強調，要審時度勢、精心謀劃、超前佈局、力爭主動，推動實施國家大數據戰略，加快建設數字中國。進行大數據研究，首先應掌握時代要求，充分認清大數據在國防和軍隊現代化建設中的地位作用。

軍事數據是開啟未來制勝之門的“金匙”

黨的十九大報告強調，「加速軍事智能化發展。」當前，戰爭形態正加速向資訊化、智慧化轉變。智慧化的重要基礎是大數據的挖掘利用，軍事數據在打贏未來戰爭中具有不可取代的關鍵作用。

數據是作戰樣式轉變的核心。隨著大數據時代的到來，軍事數據正成為舉足輕重的戰略資源，「數據戰」作為一種嶄新的作戰樣式逐步顯現，這將是一種以數據攻擊與防護為基本手段的全新作戰。敵對雙方圍繞奪取“制數據權”，瞄準“數據紅利”，在“數據新戰場”上展開激烈爭奪，通過掠奪、破壞和摧毀敵方數據資源，建立己方的數據優勢，快速達成作戰決策及行動優勢，並將其適時轉化成作戰勝勢。 “得數據者得天下”，未來“善用數據者贏得戰爭”將成為戰場制勝的基本規律。當前，世界各國正採取有力舉措，加速對軍事數據的建設、保護和使用。以美國為例，已將大數據列入其“第三次抵消戰略”，並大力整合其全球數據中心，以數據支撐作戰樣式轉變，極力鞏固其全球作戰優勢。 2017年4月26日，美國國防部成立“演算法戰跨職能小組”，正式啟動“演算法戰”概念研究，旨在大力推動大數據相關技術在未來智能化戰爭中的應用。美國智庫「新美國安全中心」2017年12月發布報告稱，美國防部將演算法擺在了與武器彈藥同等重要的地位，並將其作為衡量美軍力量的重要標準。

數據是聯合作戰指揮的血液。實現聯合作戰的關鍵在於數據能否高效流動、高效研判、高效融合。打通聯合作戰數據的共享通道，加速推進以數據流為紐帶的聯合指揮，促進不同作戰單元和作戰要素的互聯互通、數據共享和綜合集成，可有效消除指揮員的認知局限，使戰場變得清晰透明、指揮變得精準高效，只有運籌於數據之中、決勝於數據之上，才能真正實現指揮決策的智慧化、即時化、精準化。目前，美國國防高級研究計劃局已將「從數據到決策」列為其最優先發展方向，以應對資訊數據過載，提高數據分析智慧化、自動化水平，大幅縮短指揮決策週期。如其設立的「洞察」項目，透過快速處理來自不同傳感器的海量復雜數據，並整合到戰場態勢圖上，協助指揮員高效分析作戰情報、目標數據，為聯合作戰決策提供有效支撐。

數據是構建智慧化戰場的基石。未來戰場將是高度智慧化的，武器裝備、保障體系、戰場通訊資訊系統等都是智慧化的，而智慧化的重要基礎就是數據。武器平台、火力系統、資訊系統乃至作戰人員，透過大數據、機器學習技術融為一體，形成了高度智慧化的作戰體系。基於大數據技術，無人系統將成為未來的重要作戰力量；以數據為中樞的自主感知、自主分析、自主決策、自主打擊，將使資訊機動性取代能量機動性，成為製勝的關鍵要素；通過對海量資料的挖掘與利用，戰場保障的效率與智慧化程度將大幅提升。美軍正在實施的“第三次抵消戰略”，提出要重點發展機器學習、人機協作、人類作戰行動輔助系統、先進有人/無人作戰編隊等關鍵技術領域，無一不是以大數據和人工智能技術為核心，旨在提升武器裝備和資訊系統的智慧化程度。

軍事數據是激發軍事管理革命的重要內核

黨的十九大報告提出，「推進軍事管理革命，完善和發展中國特色社會主義軍事制度。」隨著人類社會生產力和科技水平的不斷提高，軍事管理的思想理念、體制機制、方法手段必然會發生變化。科學技術和生產方式的每一次劃時代創新，軍事組織和軍事理論的每一次深刻變革，都會催生和引發相應的軍事管理革命。資訊時代，軍事管理革命的核心是效能。提高效能的關鍵在於發揮數據的驅動作用，著力提升軍事管理的專業化、精進、科學化程度。

數據驅動軍事管理理念變革。習主席強調的軍事管理革命，首要的是樹立現代管理理念。品質管理大師戴明與現代科學管理之父德魯克都曾提出：「不會量化就無法管理」。數據是現代管理理念的基礎，也是實現精細管理的基礎。運用數據分析，可準確找出軍事管理問題，為改革軍事管理制度、提升軍事管理效能提供依據。基於經驗的決策，將越來越多地被基於大數據的全樣本決策所取代。只有穩固樹立「用數據說話、用數據決策、用數據管理、用數據創新」的管理理念，才能有效推進以效能為核心的軍事管理革命。

數據驅動軍隊組織形態現代化。黨的十九大報告提出，「全面推進軍隊組織形態現代化」。在大數據時代，軍隊組織形態正從以流程為主的線性方式逐漸向以數據為中心的扁平化網絡方式轉變，呈現出多主體協調、多流程滲透、資訊高頻互動等特徵。以數據流引領資訊流、資源流的整合發展，實現軍隊組織形態從「樹狀」轉變為「網狀」，能夠推動軍隊組織機構設計優化、指揮流程高效化、權責配置科學化。例如，美國按照國防部體系結構架構統一要求，開發的資訊系統即時採集和分析相關數據，並透過數據與能力等關聯關系，對管理流程進行優化，從而確保了國防部有序運作。

數據驅動軍事管理方式轉變。習主席多次強調，要提升軍隊專業化、精進、科學化管理水準。在新的軍隊建設管理體制下，軍委成立了15個部門，對管理決策的要求越來越高，迫切需要整合宏觀和微觀各個層次的軍事數據，全景式動態展示軍事管理流程、要素和環節。通過對數據流、資訊流的態勢研判，不斷優化管理體制和運行機制，推動軍事管理從依靠經驗的“藝術”轉變為依靠數據的“科學”，為有效處理軍事管理復雜巨系統問題提供新思路、新方法和新途徑，將大幅提升軍事管理效能。

軍事數據是軍事科學研究創新的強力支撐

習主席強調指出，要堅持軍事理論和軍事科技緊密結合，創新軍事研究工作模式。當前，以數據共建、共享、共用為核心的科學研究資訊化，正深刻改變科學研究的需求產生、研究模式和工作機制，成為推動科技創新的重要力量。在軍事領域，數據研究也將發揮越來越重要的作用。

引領軍事科學研究方向。目前，我軍科研立項的針對性和科學性還有待提高。採用大數據技術，對國內外、軍內外各類資訊數據進行綜合整合和挖掘分析，不僅可以及時發現我們的短板和弱項，還可以全面感知和分析主要國家軍事科技發展現狀，迅速捕捉研究熱點，預測發展趨勢，識別潛在的顛覆性技術和迷霧陷阱，為科學立項提供引領，推動軍事科學研究需求產生模式發生重大轉變。例如，美國防部技術情報辦公室從2011年開始實施的「技術追蹤與地平線掃描」項目，運用大數據技術對全球科學技術活動進行全面感知和深入研判，分析優勢差距，從而引領未來科研方向和重點。

轉變軍事科學研究範式。 2007年，計算機圖靈獎得主吉姆·格雷提出，人類科研活動歷經科學技術發展之初的“實驗科學範式”、以模型和歸納為特徵的“理論科學範式”、以模擬仿真為特徵的“計算科學範式”，目前正在轉向以大數據分析為特徵的“數據科學範式”。在這種研究範式下，大數據和人工智慧將全面深度嵌入軍事科研工作，以往通過實驗或模擬模擬等方式才能獲取的科學結論，未來透過分析挖掘海量數據就能夠發現未知規律、挖掘隱藏資訊、捕獲有價值知識，從而顛覆傳統的軍事研究模式和機制，形成新的軍事科學研究範式，研究效率也將大幅提升。

推動理技融合深度發展。長期以來，我軍軍事理論研究和軍事技術研究如何相互借力補台一直是“老大難”，理論研究缺乏先進技術支撐，技術研究缺乏軍事理論牽引。調整改革後，從體制上打破了軍事理論研究和軍事技術研究的壁壘，但要真正實現二者的深度融合，必須通過軍事數據的全面共享和高效交互，打通理技融合的信息數據流，構建理技融合的底層通道，有效改變過去二元分立的局面，使數據共享成為軍事科研理技融合「落一子而全盤活」的重要突破口。 （劉林山）

（作者單位：軍事科學院軍事科學資訊研究中心）

——充分認清大數據在國防和軍隊現代化建設中的作用
來源：解放軍報 作者：劉林山 責任編輯：喬楠楠 2018-02-01 09:11:27

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4803911 88.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio

Artificial Intelligence Will Profoundly Change the Face of Warfare for China

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人工智慧將深刻改變中國的戰爭面貌

現代英語：

Defeating dozens of top Go players in a man-machine battle, defeating a retired US Air Force pilot in a simulated air combat… In recent years, artificial intelligence has been like an omnipotent “magician”, creating endless miracles, shocking many people and constantly refreshing people’s imagination.

As a technical science dedicated to simulating, extending and expanding human intelligence, artificial intelligence has long surpassed scientists’ initial imagination and entered a “booming period” of rapid development. It is profoundly changing the way humans produce and live, and promoting the social form to accelerate from digitalization and networking to intelligence. At the same time, the widespread use of artificial intelligence technology in the military field will fundamentally change the winning mechanism and combat methods of modern warfare, give birth to new combat means and combat ideas, and promote the war form to accelerate into the intelligent era.

In intelligent warfare, intelligent equipment, intelligent command, intelligent maintenance, and intelligent combat methods are all conceivable – “fake news” created by artificial intelligence is everywhere in the entire process of war preparation, conduct and conclusion, and it is “false and true”; the role of inanimate intelligent entities and robot fighters in intelligent warfare is prominent, and artificial intelligence combat forces such as “cloud brain”, “digital staff” and “virtual warehouse” used for information support, command and control, effect evaluation and logistics support will play an increasingly important role in future wars. Intelligent machines and intelligent weapons will become the main force on future battlefields; remote and precise Specific, miniaturized, and large-scale unmanned attacks will become the main form of attack. “Man-to-man” warfare will expand to “machine autonomous warfare” warfare; intelligent swarm attrition warfare, cross-domain mobile warfare, and cognitive control warfare will become basic combat types; decentralized deployment of humans and machines, autonomous coordination, and concentrated energy offensive and defensive operations will become the basic principles of cross-domain integration and global operations; the “observation-judgment-decision-action” link will be greatly shortened, the combat rhythm will be faster, the actions will be more precise, and the efficiency will be higher; upgrading and training artificial intelligence systems and various unmanned combat platforms through continuous confrontation exercises will become an important way to enhance combat effectiveness. Intelligence will surpass firepower, mobility, and information power and become the most critical factor in determining the outcome of a war. As a result, the meaning of battlefield control will need to be redefined, new topics will be added to international arms negotiations, and textbooks on intimidation theory will need to be rewritten.

The world’s military powers, represented by the United States, have foreseen the broad application prospects of artificial intelligence technology in the military field. They believe that future wars will be intelligent wars and future arms competitions will be intelligent competitions. They have also laid out a series of research plans in advance, hoping to seize the initiative in the military application of artificial intelligence and strive to open up a “generation gap” with potential opponents. In recent years, NASA, the Department of Defense and various military services have deployed a series of artificial intelligence technology research projects in the military field. The U.S. Department of Defense has also proposed the establishment of a “Joint Artificial Intelligence Center” to jointly promote artificial intelligence projects with the U.S. military and 17 intelligence agencies, and coordinate the planning and construction of an intelligent military system supported by military technology and military applications. Russia also sees artificial intelligence as the commanding heights of future military competition. The Russian military is stepping up the development of humanoid robots that can drive vehicles and build robot troops that can fight side by side with human soldiers. Russian President Vladimir Putin said: “Artificial intelligence is not only the future of Russia, but also the future of all mankind. It contains huge opportunities and threats that are difficult to predict today.” Countries such as the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, South Korea, and India are also increasingly paying attention to the development and application of artificial intelligence in the military field.

Today, the pace of military application of artificial intelligence may be difficult to stop. Faced with the new situation, we need to firmly grasp the major historical opportunities for the development of artificial intelligence, judge the general trend, take the initiative to plan, grasp the direction, seize the initiative, and effectively safeguard national security. At the same time, from the perspective of the future and destiny of mankind, the international community should establish a mechanism to prevent the excessive military application of artificial intelligence as soon as possible. After all, the power of human beings to create civilization should not become a tool to destroy civilization, and scientific and technological progress should be a blessing for the benefit of mankind, rather than a death knell that threatens human survival and development.

(Author’s unit: Academy of Military Science)

現代國語：

■遊光榮

在人機大戰中擊敗數十名頂級圍棋高手、在模擬空戰中擊敗美國空軍退役飛行員……近年來，人工智能猶如萬能的“魔法師”，創造了層出不窮的奇跡，在驚掉不少人下巴的同時，也不斷刷新著人們的想像。

作為一門致力於模擬、延伸和擴展人的智慧的技術科學，人工智慧早已超越了科學家最初的想像，進入了一個高速發展的“井噴期”，正在深刻改變人類的生產生活方式，推動社會形態從數位化、網絡化向智慧化加速躍升。同時，人工智慧技術在軍事領域的廣泛運用，將從根本上改變現代戰爭制勝機理和作戰方式，催生新的作戰手段和作戰思想，推動戰爭形態加速邁入智能化時代。

在智慧化戰爭中，智慧化裝備、智慧化指揮、智慧化維修、智慧化作戰方式都是可以想像的——人工智慧製造的「虛假新聞」在戰爭準備、進行和結束的全過程中無處不在，而且“以假亂真”；無生命智能體、機器人戰鬥員在智能化戰爭中的作用凸顯，用於信息支援、指揮控制、效果評估、後勤保障的“雲大腦”“數字參謀”“虛擬倉儲”等人工智慧作戰力量將在未來戰爭中發揮越來越重要的作用，智慧機器和智慧武器將成為未來戰場的主力；遠程化、精確化、小型化、大規模無人攻擊將成為主要進攻形式，「人對人」的戰爭將向「機器自主作戰」的戰爭拓展；智慧化的蜂群消耗戰、跨域機動戰、認知控制戰將成為基本作戰類型；人機分散部署、自主協同、集中能量攻防作戰，成為跨域融合、全局作戰的基本準則；「觀察-判斷-決策-行動」連結大大縮短，作戰節奏更加快速、行動更加精準、效率更高；透過持續的對抗演習對人工智慧系統和各類無人化作戰平台的升級訓練，將成為戰鬥力提升的重要方式。智能將超越火力、機動性和資訊力，成為決定戰爭勝負的最關鍵因素。隨之而來的是，戰場控制權的內涵將需要重新界定，國際軍備談判將增加新主題，威懾理論的教科書也將改寫。

以美國為代表的世界軍事強國，預見到人工智慧技術在軍事領域的廣闊應用前景，認為未來的戰爭將是智慧化戰爭、未來的軍備競賽將是智慧化競賽，並已提前佈局了一系列研究計劃，希望搶佔人工智慧軍事化應用先機，力求與潛在對手拉開「代差」。近年來，美國國家航空暨太空總署、國防部和各軍種在軍事領域部署了一系列人工智慧技術研究項目，美國國防部還提出建立“聯合人工智慧中心”，計劃聯合美軍和17家情報機構共同推進人工智慧項目，統籌規劃建設以軍事技術和軍事應用為支撐的智慧軍事體系。俄羅斯也視人工智慧為未來軍事競爭的製高點，俄軍正加緊研發可以駕駛車輛的類人機器人、組建可與人類戰士並肩戰鬥的機器人部隊。俄總統普丁提出：「人工智慧不僅僅是俄羅斯的未來，也是全人類的未來。這包含著巨大的機會和當今難以預測的威脅。」英國、日本、澳洲、韓國、印度等國家也日益重視人工智能在軍事領域的發展與應用。

現今，人工智慧軍事化應用步伐或許難以阻止，面對新形勢，我們需要牢牢掌握人工智慧發展的重大歷史機遇，研判大勢、主動謀劃、把握方向、搶佔先機，有效維護國家安全。與此同時，從人類自身前途命運出發，國際社會應該早日建立防止人工智慧在軍事上過度應用的機制。畢竟，人類創造文明的力量不應該成為毀滅文明的工具，科技進步應該成為造福人類的福音，而不是成為威脅人類生存與發展的喪鐘。

（作者單位：軍事科學院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4826892.html?big=fan

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio

Militarization of Artificial Intelligence Competition Accelerating, China Must Adapt to Win

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人工智慧軍事化競爭加速，中國必須適應才能取勝

現代英語：

Adapt to the general trend of technological development and seize the commanding heights of future wars——

Artificial intelligence is a general term for cutting-edge technologies such as big data, automated decision-making, machine learning, image recognition, and space situational awareness. It can liberate the “cognitive burden” of human intelligence and physical energy, and enable technology users to gain the advantages of foresight, preemption, and preemptive decision-making and action. As a “force multiplier” and “the foundation of future battles”, artificial intelligence will fundamentally reshape the future form of war, change the country’s traditional security territory, impact the existing military technology development pattern, reconstruct the future combat system and military force system, and become an important dominant force on the future battlefield.

With the rapid development of technology and the accelerating competition, major countries have launched their own artificial intelligence development plans, and accelerated the reform of organizational mechanisms, scientific and technological research and development, and innovation of tactics and strategies, promoting the military use of artificial intelligence and seizing the commanding heights of future wars.

Accelerate organizational innovation

Promoting technology transformation and application

Unlike traditional technologies, the development and transformation of artificial intelligence has its own characteristics. The institutional setup and operation mode of the traditional national defense system are difficult to adapt to the needs of the rapid development of artificial intelligence. To this end, the armed forces of relevant countries have vigorously carried out organizational system reform and innovation, removed the institutional barriers in the process of artificial intelligence technology development, and accelerated the transformation and application of related technologies.

Emphasis on “connecting the near and the far”. The UK, with the “Defense Data Office” and the “Digital Integration and Defense Artificial Intelligence Center” as the main body, integrates route planning, specification setting, technology governance and asset development, and removes administrative obstacles that restrict the development and application of artificial intelligence technology. The United States, relying on the “Strategic Capabilities Office” and the “Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer”, uses the Army Futures Command as a pilot to integrate decentralized functions such as theoretical development, technology research and development, and equipment procurement, focusing on strengthening the innovative use of existing platforms in a “potential tapping and efficiency increasing” manner, while buying time for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s medium- and long-term technological innovation, thereby effectively balancing actual needs and long-term development.

Attach importance to “research-use conversion”. The application of artificial intelligence in the military field will have a profound impact on battlefield combat methods, tactical and combat method selection, etc. Russia has established institutions such as the “Advanced Research Foundation” and the “National Robotics Technology Research and Development Center” to guide the design, research and development and application of artificial intelligence technology in the Russian military to improve the practical conversion rate of scientific research results. The United States has established the “Joint Artificial Intelligence Center” and relied on the “National Mission Plan” and “Service Mission Plan” to coordinate military-civilian collaborative innovation and scientific and technological achievements. The transformation promotes the widespread application of artificial intelligence in the US Department of Defense and various services.

Focus on “military-civilian integration”. Russia has established institutions such as the “Times Science and Technology City” in Anapa and other places, relying on the “Advanced Research Foundation” to fully absorb military and civilian talents, actively build scientific and technological production clusters and research clusters, and effectively expand the two-way exchange mechanism of military and civilian talents. The United States has established institutions such as the “Defense Innovation Experimental Group” in Silicon Valley and other places, relying on the “Defense Innovation Board”, so that the latest achievements in technological innovation and theoretical development in the field of artificial intelligence can directly enter high-level decision-making. France has established innovative defense laboratories, defense innovation offices and other technical research and development institutions in the Ministry of National Defense, aiming to solicit private capital investment and defense project cooperation to improve scientific research efficiency.

Highlight the “integration of science and technology”. The Israel Defense Forces has established a digital transformation system architecture department. According to the specific effects of the organic integration of various systems into various military services, new technologies, new theories, and new concepts are fully demonstrated to determine the corresponding technology research and development priorities and strategic development directions. The United States has enhanced the overall management of defense technology innovation and application by re-establishing positions such as the Deputy Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and creating the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer. It has also relied on theoretical methods such as red-blue confrontation, simulation and deduction, and net assessment analysis to conduct practical tests on various new ideas, new concepts, and new methods, so as to select various technology research and development focuses and strategic and tactical research directions, and achieve a virtuous interaction between technological development and theoretical innovation.

Project establishment for military needs

Seize the opportunity for future development

In recent years, various military powers have targeted the research and development of cutting-edge artificial intelligence technologies, and have launched extensive projects in the fields of situational awareness, data analysis, intelligence reconnaissance, unmanned combat, etc., with the intention of seizing the initiative in future development.

Situational awareness. In the traditional sense, situational awareness refers to the collection and acquisition of battlefield information through satellites, radars, and electronic reconnaissance. However, under the conditions of “hybrid warfare” where peacetime and wartime are blurred, soldiers and civilians are integrated, internal and external links are linked, and the entire domain is integrated, the role of situational awareness in non-traditional domains such as the human domain, social domain, and cognitive domain has received unprecedented attention. The U.S. “Computable Cultural Understanding” project aims to process multi-source data through natural language processing technology to achieve cross-cultural communication; the “Compass” project aims to extract cases from unstructured data sources, integrate key information, and respond to different types of “gray zone” operations. The French “Scorpion” combat system project aims to use an intelligent information analysis and data sharing platform to enhance the firepower support effectiveness of the French army’s existing front-line mobile combat platforms to ensure the safety of operational personnel.

Data analysis. Relying on artificial intelligence technology to improve intelligent data collection, identification analysis and decision-making support capabilities can transform information advantages into cognitive and action advantages. Russia’s “Battle Command Information System” aims to use artificial intelligence and big data technology to analyze the battlefield environment and provide commanders with a variety of action plans. The UK’s “THEIA Project” and France’s “The Forge” digital decision support engine are both aimed at enhancing information processing capabilities in command and control, intelligence collection, etc., and improving commanders’ ability to control complex battlefields and command effectiveness.

Intelligence reconnaissance field. Compared with traditional intelligence reconnaissance, the use of artificial intelligence algorithms to collect and process intelligence has the advantages of fast information acquisition, wide content sources, and high processing efficiency. The Japanese Self-Defense Forces’ satellite intelligent monitoring system is designed to identify and track foreign ships that may “infringe” its territorial waters near key waters. The U.S. military’s “Causal Exploration of Complex Combat Environments” project aims to use artificial intelligence and machine learning tools to process multi-source information and assist commanders in understanding the cultural motivations, root causes of events, and relationships between various factors behind the war; the “Marvin” project uses machine learning algorithms, face recognition technology, etc. to screen and arrange various suspicious targets from full-motion videos, providing technical support for counter-terrorism and other operations.

Unmanned combat field. In some technologically advanced countries, the unmanned combat system is becoming more mature and the spectrum of equipment types is becoming more complete. The Israeli military’s M-RCV unmanned combat vehicle can perform a variety of tasks such as unmanned reconnaissance, firepower strikes, and the transportation and recovery of drones under all-terrain and all-time conditions. The Russian military’s “Sentinel-R” drone system, which has the ability to detect, track, and strike military targets in real time, also has certain anti-reconnaissance and anti-interference capabilities, and has been tested on the battlefield. The U.S. military’s “Future Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System” project aims to comprehensively improve the U.S. Army’s ability to perform reconnaissance and surveillance, auxiliary aiming, battle damage assessment, and communication relay missions.

Adapting to future battlefield changes

Constantly exploring new tactics

In order to adapt to the tremendous changes in the battlefield environment in the intelligent era, relevant countries have explored a series of new tactics by improving the efficiency of artificial intelligence’s participation in key military decisions and operations.

Algorithmic warfare, that is, relying on big data and artificial intelligence technology, gives full play to the powerful potential of combat networks, human-machine collaboration, and autonomous and semi-autonomous weapons, so that the “observation-adjustment-decision-action” cycle of the side is always ahead of the opponent, thereby destroying the enemy’s combat plan and achieving preemptive strike. In December 2015, the Russian army relied on unmanned reconnaissance and intelligent command information systems to guide ground unmanned combat platforms to cooperate with Syrian government forces, and quickly eliminated 77 militants within the target range at the cost of 4 minor injuries. In 2021, the US Air Force conducted a test flight of the first intelligent drone “Air Borg”, marking the US military’s algorithmic warfare further moving towards actual combat.

Unmanned warfare is guided by low-cost attrition warfare with saturated quantity attacks and system offensive and defensive operations, and strives to achieve all-round situation tracking, dynamic deterrence and tactical suppression of the enemy’s defense system through human-machine collaboration and group combat modes. In May 2021, the Israeli army used artificial intelligence-assisted drone swarms in the conflict with the Hamas armed group, which played an important role in determining the enemy’s position, destroying enemy targets, and monitoring enemy dynamics. In October 2021 and July 2022, the US military launched drone targeted air strikes in northwestern Syria, killing Abdul Hamid Matar, a senior leader of al-Qaeda, and Aguer, the leader of the extremist organization “Islamic State”, respectively.

Distributed warfare, relying on the unlimited command and control capabilities of artificial intelligence and new electronic warfare means, uses special forces and other shallow-footprint, low-signature, fast-paced forces to form small groups of multi-group mobile formations, infiltrating the combat area in a multi-directional and multi-domain manner, continuously breaking the enemy’s system weaknesses and chain dependence, and increasing the difficulty of its firepower saturation attack. In this process, “people are in command and machines are in control”. In recent years, the US military has successively launched a number of “distributed combat” scientific research projects such as “Golden Tribe” and “Elastic Network Distributed Mosaic Communication”.

Fusion warfare relies on network quantum communications and other means to build an anti-interference, high-speed “combat cloud” to eliminate technical barriers to data link intercommunication, interconnection and interoperability among military services and achieve deep integration of combat forces. In 2021, the joint common basic platform developed by the US Joint Artificial Intelligence Center officially has initial operational capabilities, which will help the US military break down data barriers and significantly improve data sharing capabilities. During the NATO “Spring Storm” exercise held in Estonia in 2021, the British Army used artificial intelligence technology to conduct intelligent analysis and automated processing of battlefield information from various services, improving the integration between services and enhancing the effectiveness of joint command and control.

(Author’s unit: National University of Defense Technology)

現代國語：

適應科技發展大趨勢，搶佔未來戰爭制高點——

人工智慧是大數據、自動化決策、機器學習、圖像識別與空間態勢感知等前沿技術群的統稱，可解放人類智能體能的“認知負擔”，使技術使用者獲得先知、先佔、先發製人的決策行動優勢。作為“力量倍增器”和“未來戰鬥的基礎”，人工智慧將從根本上重塑未來戰爭形態、改變國家傳統安全疆域、衝擊現有軍事技術發展格局、重建未來作戰體系和軍事力量體系，成為未來戰場的重要主導力量。

隨著科技的快速發展和競爭的不斷提速，主要國家紛紛推出自己的人工智慧發展規劃，並加速推動組織機制變革、科技研發和戰術戰法創新，推動人工智慧軍事運用，搶佔未來戰爭制高點。

加速組織形態創新

推進技術轉換應用

有別於傳統的技術，人工智慧的研發和轉化有自身的特點，傳統國防體系的機構設置和運作方式，很難適應人工智慧快速發展的需求。為此，相關國家軍隊大力進行組織體制改革與創新，破除人工智慧技術研發過程中的體制障礙，加速推廣相關技術的轉換與應用。

強調「遠近銜接」。英國以「國防資料辦公室」與「數位整合與國防人工智慧中心」為主體，將路線規劃、規範設定、技術治理與資產開發等能效聚攏整合，破除限制人工智慧技術發展應用的行政阻礙。美國以“戰略能力辦公室”和“首席數位和人工智慧官”為依托，以陸軍未來司令部為試點，將理論開發、技術研發、裝備採辦等分散職能整合到一起，重點以“挖潛增效”方式加強現有平台的創新運用，同時為國防高級研究計畫局的中長期技術創新爭取時間，從而有效兼顧現實需求與長遠發展。

重視「研用轉換」。人工智慧在軍事領域的運用，將對戰場戰斗方式、戰術戰法選擇等方面產生深刻影響。俄羅斯透過組成「先期研究基金會」和「國家機器人技術研發中心」等機構，指導俄軍人工智慧技術的設計、研發與應用工作，以提高科學研究成果的實用轉換率。美國透過設立“聯合人工智慧中心”，依托“國家任務計畫”和“軍種任務計畫”，著力統籌軍地協同創新和科技成果轉化，促進人工智慧在美國國防部和諸軍種的廣泛應用。

注重「軍民一體」。俄羅斯在阿納帕等地設立“時代科技城”等機構，依托“高級研究基金會”，充分吸收軍地人才，積極構建科技生產集群和研究集群，有效拓展軍地人才雙向交流機制。美國透過在矽谷等地設立“國防創新試驗小組”等機構，依托“國防創新委員會”，使人工智慧領域的技術創新與理論發展最新成果可以直接進入高層決策。法國在國防部建立創新防務實驗室、防務創新處等技術研發機構，旨在徵集民間資本投資與國防專案合作，提昇科研能效。

突顯「理技結合」。以色列國防軍設立數位轉型體​​系架構部，依據各類系統有機融入各軍兵種的具體效果，對新技術、新理論、新概念進行充分論證，以確定相應技術研發重點與戰略發展方向。美國透過重設國防部研究與工程副部長、創建首席數位與人工智慧長等職位，提升國防技術創新與應用的統管力度，並依托紅藍對抗、模擬推演、淨評估分析等理論方法，對各類新觀念、新觀念、新方法進行實務檢驗，以選定各類技術研發焦點與策略戰術攻關方向，實現技術發展與理論創新的良性互動。

針對軍事需求立項

搶佔未來發展先機

近年來，各軍事強國瞄準人工智慧前線技術研發，在態勢感知、資料分析、情報偵察、無人作戰等領域廣泛立項，意圖搶佔未來發展先機。

態勢感知領域。傳統意義的態勢感知是指依托衛星、雷達和電子偵察等手段收集和取得戰場資訊。然而，在平戰模糊、兵民一體、內外連動、全域融合的「混合戰爭」條件下，人類域、社會域、認知域等非傳統領域態勢感知的作用受到前所未有的重視。美國「可計算文化理解」項目，旨在透過自然語言處理技術處理多源數據，實現跨文化交流；「指南針」項目，旨在從非結構化數據源中提取案例，整合關鍵訊息，應對不同類型的「灰色地帶」行動。法國「蠍子」戰鬥系統項目，旨在運用智慧化資訊分析與資料共享平台，提升法軍現有前線移動作戰平台的火力支援效力，以保障行動人員安全。

數據分析領域。依託人工智慧技術提高智慧化資料蒐集、識別分析和輔助決策能力，可將資訊優勢轉化為認知和行動優勢。俄羅斯“戰鬥指揮資訊系統”，旨在藉助人工智慧與大數據技術分析戰場環境，為指揮官提供多類行動預案。英國「THEIA計畫」和法國的「The Forge」數位決策支援引擎，都旨在增強指揮控制、情報蒐集等方面的資訊處理能力，提高指揮官駕馭複雜戰場的能力和指揮效能。

情報偵察領域。相較於傳統情報偵察，利用人工智慧演算法蒐集處理情報，具備獲取資訊快、內容來源廣、處理效率高等優勢。日本自衛隊衛星智慧監控系統，旨在識別、追蹤重點水域附近可能「侵犯」其領海的外國船隻。美軍「複雜作戰環境因果探索」項目，旨在利用人工智慧和機器學習工具處理多源訊息，輔助指揮官理解戰爭背後的文化動因、事件根源和各因素關係；「馬文」項目則透過運用機器學習演算法、人臉辨識技術等，從全動態影片中篩選排列出各類可疑目標，為反恐等行動提供技術支撐。

無人作戰領域。一些技術先進的國家，無人作戰體係日臻成熟、裝備種類譜係日趨完善。以軍M-RCV型無人戰車，可在全地形、全時段條件下，執行無人偵察、火力打擊、運載及回收無人機等多樣化任務。具備察打一體能力的俄軍「前哨-R」無人機系統，可即時偵測、追蹤、打擊軍事目標，也具備一定反偵察和抗干擾能力，已在戰場上經過檢驗。美軍「未來戰術無人機系統」項目，旨在全面提升美陸軍執行偵察監視、輔助瞄準、戰損評估、通訊中繼等作戰任務的效能。

適應未來戰場轉變

不斷探索全新戰法

為適應智慧化時代戰場環境的巨大變化，相關國家透過提升人工智慧在各關鍵軍事決策與行動的參與能效，探索出一系列全新戰法。

演算法戰，即以大數據和人工智慧技術為依托，充分發揮作戰網路、人機協作以及自主和半自主武器的強大潛能，使己方「觀察-調整-決策-行動」的循環週期始終領先對手，進而破壞敵作戰計劃，實現先發制人。 2015年12月，俄軍依托無人偵察與智慧化指揮資訊系統，引導地面無人作戰平台與敘利亞政府軍配合，以4人輕傷代價，迅速消滅了目標範圍內的77名武裝分子。 2021年，美空軍進行了首架智慧無人機「空中博格人」的試飛，標誌著美軍演算法戰進一步向實戰化邁進。

無人戰，以飽和數量攻擊、體系攻防作戰的低成本消耗戰為指導，力求透過人機協同、群體作戰模式，實現對敵防禦體系全方位的態勢追蹤、動態威懾和戰術壓制。 2021年5月，以軍在同哈馬斯武裝組織的衝突中使用人工智慧輔助的無人機蜂群，在確定敵人位置、摧毀敵方目標、監視敵方動態等方面發揮了重要作用。 2021年10月和2022年7月，美軍在敘利亞西北部發起無人機定點空襲，分別擊斃「基地」組織高階領導人阿卜杜勒·哈米德·馬塔爾和極端組織「伊斯蘭國」領導人阿蓋爾。

分佈戰，以人工智慧無限指揮控制能力及全新電子戰手段為依托，利用特種部隊等淺腳印、低特徵、快節奏的兵力，形成小股多群機動編隊，以多向多域方式分散滲入作戰區域，持續破擊敵體系短板和鍊式依賴，增加其火力飽和攻擊的難度。在這個過程中，實現「人在指揮、機器在控制」。近年來，美軍相繼啟動「金色部落」「彈性網路分散式馬賽克通訊」等多個「分散式作戰」科學研究立項。

融合戰，依托網路量子通訊等手段，建構抗干擾、高速率的“作戰雲”，以消除軍兵種數據鏈互通、互聯和互操作技術障礙，實現作戰力量的深度融合。 2021年，美聯合人工智慧中心研發的聯合通用基礎平台正式具備初始操作能力，將協助美軍打破資料壁壘，大幅提升資料共享能力。 2021年在愛沙尼亞舉行的北約「春季風暴」演習期間，英軍運用人工智慧技術，對各軍種戰場資訊進行智慧分析與自動化處理，提升了軍種間的融合度，增強了聯合指揮控制效能。

（作者單位：國防科技大學）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2022-09/01/content_323888.htm

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare

Artificial Intelligence Brings About New Changes in Chinese Military Training

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人工智慧為中國軍事訓練帶來新變化

現代英語：

The widespread application of artificial intelligence in the military has triggered changes in the field of military training, which is reflected in specific training activities, that is, it has given rise to new changes in training elements. This is particularly evident in the fact that intelligent equipment systems have become important training targets, intelligent combat theories have begun to enter training content, and intelligent technology has been deeply integrated into training methods and training support.

The training object has changed from “human-only” to “human-machine hybrid”. The object of traditional military training is a single person. Both the trainer and the trainee are human. Humans are the only object of military training activities. Artificial intelligence technology is embedded or integrated into weapons and equipment, making weapons and equipment that previously required human control have machine intelligence and a certain degree of autonomy. Intelligent robots that can autonomously perform combat missions have appeared in large numbers on modern battlefields, making intelligent unmanned systems and manned systems “close comrades-in-arms”. Mixed operations of “unmanned forces” and “manned forces” will become a new formation pattern. These weapons and equipment with machine intelligence are different from traditional manned weapons and equipment. At their core, they are artificial intelligence algorithms embedded or integrated with learning capabilities. They need to be trained through repeated training in actual combat or battlefield environments that are close to actual combat, so as to accumulate experience and improve performance, and then gradually enhance the actual combat capability of the equipment to fight autonomously. Therefore, weapons and equipment with machine intelligence also need to form and improve their combat capabilities through continuous training and become new trainees. At the same time, training systems with machine intelligence can also become training platforms for military personnel to acquire combat skills or the right-hand man of military training organizers, playing the role of trainers. It can be seen that, with the empowerment of artificial intelligence, weapons and equipment and related systems are gradually becoming the same training targets as military personnel. The targets of military training are no longer just military personnel, but also include weapons and equipment or systems with a certain level of autonomy, presenting a new scene of people training machines, machines training people, and human-machine hybrid training.

The content of training has expanded from “enhancing physical fitness and skills” to “enhancing intelligence and integration”. Training content is the core element of military training and is constantly changing with the development of technical forms and situations and tasks. The content of traditional military training is mainly to enhance the combat fitness, skills and command capabilities of military personnel. The widespread application of artificial intelligence in the military field has made battlefield winning weapons and equipment and systems more and more intelligent, breaking through the limits of human cognition of traditional time and space, reconstructing the relationship between humans and weapons and equipment, incubating new command and control methods, and giving rise to the continuous emergence of new combat methods and the evolution of war forms. Human-machine integration has become a prominent feature of intelligent warfare, and “controlling the brain and seizing intelligence” is the key to winning intelligent warfare. Therefore, military training in the intelligent era will compress traditional military training content and strengthen perception and cognition, human-machine collaboration, intelligent decision-making and command, etc. The training for people is mainly to understand and master the basic principles, thinking concepts, operating skills, and command art of intelligent warfare; the training for intelligent equipment and systems is mainly to improve learning ability, autonomy, collaboration, and the ability to integrate with human intelligence. The main training content system includes thinking training content focusing on intelligent cognition and human-computer interaction, intelligent skill training content focusing on intelligent equipment operation and human-computer interaction, intelligent command training content focusing on giving full play to the advantages of intelligent information systems such as autonomous analysis, auxiliary decision-making, and accurate evaluation, and intelligent coordination training content focusing on autonomous coordination of unmanned intelligent platforms and human-computer collaborative actions. In order to improve the combat reliability of intelligent weapons and equipment and enhance the intelligent system’s understanding of combat intent, the “deep learning” training content of intelligent autonomous weapons and equipment emphasizes enhancing the intelligence of humans and machines, and strengthening the collaborative training of humans and machines, so as to achieve a perfect integration of man and machine.

The training method has moved from “human-dominated” to “human-led”. The way people produce determines the way they fight and the way they train. Traditional military training methods, lacking the support of artificial intelligence technology, are mainly determined based on factors such as the ability characteristics of trainers and the ability foundation of trainees. The organizational form is limited, the implementation procedures are rigid, and the methods and means are single. At present, the intelligence of war is forcing the intelligence of military training. With the help of artificial intelligence technology, military training planning will move from artificial intelligence planning to system intelligence planning. With the assistance of cloud computing, new algorithms, big data analysis and other technologies, the intelligent training system can autonomously generate training plans with requirements on training content, conditions, standards and other aspects according to the training objectives, efficiently assist training planning and improve the quality and efficiency of training planning; training management will leap from artificial extensive type to intelligent and precise type, and the intelligent training system can overcome the traditional training There are problems in management such as incomplete elements, incomplete processes, untimely feedback, and inaccurate guidance. By automatically collecting training data of all elements and the whole process, using artificial intelligence technology to conduct in-depth analysis of training data, analyzing and evaluating the training effectiveness of trainees, generating real-time training evaluation reports, accurately feedback on problems in training, and proposing personalized improvement suggestions, the training method has been transformed from the previous single “human-dominated” type to the “human-host-assisted” “human-dominated” type.

The training environment has extended from “relying on reality” to “virtual and real integration”. Organizing training in a training environment based on real equipment and real scenes is the main mode of traditional military training. This training mode has problems such as high requirements for training venues, large consumption of materials and equipment, great difficulty in training support, long training preparation time, and difficulty in grasping training safety, which makes a certain gap between training and actual combat. Training like fighting is the development direction of military training, and artificial intelligence technology provides conditions for realizing this development direction. The combination of virtual and real can create a more “real” weapon operation experience and battlefield environment, conduct virtual war experiments, realistically simulate combat processes, accurately evaluate combat concepts, and thus narrow the gap between training and actual combat, so that the odds of victory can be established in the laboratory first. Intelligent simulation training systems can be used to repeat, reproduce and create scenes, environments and conditions of classic battles and difficult training courses, and set up difficult and dangerous situations to test and train troops. In individual soldier training, artificial intelligence and technologies such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and simulation are used to provide a “virtual-reality integration” platform and environmental support for the officers and soldiers’ combat skills, physiological functions, and psychological effectiveness training. Officers and soldiers can see, hear, and “touch” the “real” weapons and equipment and battlefield environment; in unit training, a “real” battlefield environment can be set up, a “homogeneous” combat time domain can be created, and a simulated blue army with “both form and spirit” can be built, effectively improving the quality and effectiveness of confrontational training with actual soldiers and equipment, enhancing the training effect of “being in the situation and feeling the same”, and achieving the training goal of “based on reality, with the help of virtuality, and transcending reality”.

現代國語：

人工智慧在軍事領域的廣泛應用，引發了軍事訓練領域的變革，反映在具體訓練活動中，就是催生了訓練要素的新變化。這突顯在智慧化裝備系統成為重要的訓練對象，智慧化作戰理論開始進入訓練內容，智慧化技術深度融入訓練方法與訓練保障。

訓練對象由「人為唯一」轉變為「人機混合」。傳統軍訓的對像是單一的人，組訓者和受訓者都是人，人是軍訓活動的唯一對象。人工智慧技術嵌入或融入武器裝備中，使得以往需要人操控的武器裝備有了機器智能，具備了一定自主性。能夠自主遂行作戰任務的智慧機器人大量出現在現代戰場，使得智能無人系統與有人系統成為“親密戰友”，“無人部隊”與“有人部隊”混編作戰將成為新的編組樣式。這些具有機器智慧的武器裝備不同於傳統有人操控的武器裝備，其核心是嵌入或融入了學習能力的人工智慧演算法，需要在實戰或近似實戰的戰場環境中，通過多次反復的訓練獲取數據來對演算法進行訓練，從而實現經驗累積、性能提升，進而逐步增強裝備自主作戰的實戰能力。因此，具有機器智慧的武器裝備也需要透過不斷訓練來形成和提高作戰能力，成為新的受訓者。與此同時，具有機器智慧的訓練系統還能夠成為軍事人員獲取作戰技能的訓練平台或軍事訓練組訓者的得力助手，扮演組訓者的角色。由此可見，在人工智慧的賦能下，武器裝備及相關係統逐步成為與軍事人員同樣的訓練對象，軍事訓練的對像不再是單一的軍事人員，也包括具有一定自主化程度的武器裝備或系統，呈現人訓機、機訓者、人機混合訓練的新景象。

訓練內容由「增體強技」向「增智強融」拓展。訓練內容是軍事訓練的核心要素，隨著技術形態和形勢任務的發展而不斷變化。傳統軍事訓練的內容主要是為了增強軍事人員的戰鬥體能、技能和指揮能力。人工智慧在軍事領域的廣泛應用，使得戰場制勝的武器裝備和系統越來越具有智慧化的特徵，突破了人類對傳統時空認知的極限，重構了人與武器裝備的關系，孵化了全新的指揮控制方式，催生了新型作戰方式不斷湧現和戰爭形態的嬗變。人機融合成為智慧化戰爭的顯著特徵，「制腦奪智」是製勝智能化戰爭的關鍵。因此，智能化時代的軍事訓練將壓縮傳統軍事訓練內容，加強感知認知、人機協同、智慧決策指揮等內容。針對人的訓練主要是理解和掌握智能化作戰的基本原理、思維理念、操作技能、指揮藝術等；對於智能化裝備和系統的訓練主要是學習能力、自主能力、協同能力以及與人類智能共融的能力。主要訓練內容體系包括以智慧化認知、人機互動為重點的思維訓練內容，以智慧化裝備操作、人機互動為重點的智慧化技能訓練內容，以發揮智慧資訊系統自主分析、輔助決策、精確評估等優勢為重點的智慧化指揮訓練內容，以無人智慧化平台自主協同、人機協同行動等為重點的智慧化協同訓練內容，為提高智慧化武器裝備作戰可靠性、增強智慧化系統對作戰意圖理解力的智慧自主武器裝備「深度學習」訓練內容，突顯增強人和機的智慧、強化人與機的協同訓練，從而達到人機一體的完美融合。

訓練方法由「人為主宰」向「人為主導」邁進。人的生產方式決定了作戰方式，也決定了訓練方式。傳統軍事訓練的方法由於缺乏人工智慧技術支撐，主要是根據組訓人員的能力特點和受訓人員的能力基礎等因素來確定，組織形式受限，實施程序固化，方法手段單一。當前，戰爭的智慧化倒逼軍事訓練的智慧化。在人工智慧技術的助力下，軍事訓練籌劃將由人工集智籌劃向系統智能籌劃邁進，智能化訓練系統在雲計算、新型演算法、大數據分析等技術的輔助下，能夠根據訓練目標自主生成關於訓練的內容、條件、標準等方面指標要求的訓練方案，高效輔助訓練籌劃，提高訓練籌劃的質效；訓練管理由人為粗放型向智能精確型跨越，智能化訓練系統能夠克服傳統訓練管理存在要素不全面、流程不完整、回饋不及時、指導不精確等問題，透過自動採集全要素、全過程訓練數據，利用人工智慧技術對訓練數據進行深度分析，對受訓者的訓練成效進行分析評估，產生即時性訓練評估報告，精準回饋訓練中存在的問題，提出個性化的改進建議，使訓練方法由以往單一的「人為主宰」式向「人主機輔」的「人為主導」式邁進。

訓練環境由「依托現實」延伸至「虛實一體」。依托實裝實景的訓練環境組織訓練是傳統軍事訓練的主要模式。這種訓練模式存在對訓練場地要求高、物資器材消耗大、訓練保障難度大、訓練準備耗時長、訓練安全難把握等問題，使訓練與實戰之間存在一定的差距。像作戰一樣訓練是軍事訓練的發展指向，人工智慧技術為實現這一發展指向提供了條件。利用虛實結合的方式能夠創設更「真實」的武器操作體驗和戰場環境，能夠進行虛擬戰爭實驗，逼真演繹作戰進程，準確評估作戰構想，從而縮小訓練與實戰之間的差異，讓勝算先在實驗室裡奠定。可利用智慧化模擬訓練系統，重復、再現和創設經典戰例、重難點訓練課目的場景、環境及各項條件，設置難局危局險局摔打錘煉部隊。單兵訓練中，運用人工智慧以及增強現實、虛擬現實、模擬模擬等技術，為官兵的戰鬥技能、生理機能、心理效能等訓練提供「虛實融合」的平台與環境支撐，官兵可看到、聽到、「觸摸」到「真實」的武器裝備和戰場環境；部（分）隊訓練中，可以設置「真實」的戰場環境、創造「同質」的作戰時域、打造「神形兼具」的模擬藍軍，有效提升實兵實裝對抗性訓練的質效，增強「身臨其境、感同身受」的訓練效果，達成「基於現實、借助虛擬、超越現實」的訓練目標。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/szb_223187/szbxq/index.html?