Category Archives: Information Support Force

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #中國太空軍, #中國的耗散戰, #中國軍事人工智慧武器化, #新興戰爭技術, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中华人民共和国网络安全法, 中國太空軍, 中國支持認知對抗的軍事決策與觀點, 中國的情報戰, 中國的耗散戰, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事分析:認知域作戰的特徵與發展趨勢, 中國軍事應用與比特幣在未來戰爭中的應用, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍事認知域作戰的重點是什麼、重點在哪裡？, 中國軍隊, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰, 中國軍隊聚焦認知域戰是主攻戰場對抗的新著力點, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 元宇宙, 國家網絡空間安全戰略, 美國軍事網絡戰：黑客入侵防禦成為無菸的戰爭, 解放軍展望未來戰爭發展, 認知域戰, 認知域戰, 認知域操作, 認知對抗, 認知戰, 認知領域操作, 資料來源：中國外交部

Comprehensive Review of Chinese Military Intelligent Warfare: Intelligent Combat Command

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中國軍事智慧戰爭全面回顧：智慧作戰指揮

現代英語：

Liu Kui, Qin Fangfei

Tips

● Modern artificial intelligence is essentially like a “brain in a vat”. If it is allowed to carry out combat command, it will always face the problem of subjectivity loss, that is, “self” loss. This makes artificial intelligence have natural and fundamental defects. It must be based on human subjectivity and improve the effectiveness and level of combat command through human-machine hybrid.

● In intelligent combat command, the commander is mainly responsible for planning what to do and how to do it, while the intelligent model is responsible for planning how to do it specifically.

“Brain in a vat” is a famous scientific hypothesis. It means that if a person’s brain is taken out and placed in a nutrient solution, the nerve endings are connected to a computer, and the computer simulates various sensory signals. At this time, can the “brain in a vat” realize that “I am a brain in a vat”? The answer is no, because as a closed system, when a person lacks real interactive experience with the outside world, he cannot jump out of himself, observe himself from outside himself, and form self-awareness. Modern artificial intelligence is essentially like a “brain in a vat”. If it is allowed to implement combat command, it will always face the problem of subject loss, that is, “self” loss. This makes artificial intelligence have natural and fundamental defects, and it must be based on human subjectivity and improve the effectiveness and level of combat command through human-machine hybrid.

Based on “free choice”, build a “man-planned” command model

On the battlefield, the commander can choose which target to attack, and can choose to attack from the front, from the flank, from the back, or from the air; he can isolate but not attack, surround but not attack, talk but not attack… This is human autonomy, and he can freely choose what to do and how to do it. But machines can’t do that. The combat plans they give can only be the plans implied in the intelligent model. As far as the specific plan given each time is concerned, it is also the most likely plan in the sense of probability statistics. This makes the plans generated by artificial intelligence tend to be “templated”, which is equivalent to a “replica machine”. It gives similar answers to the same questions and similar combat plans for the same combat scenarios.

Compared with artificial intelligence, different commanders design completely different combat plans for the same combat scenario; the same commander designs different combat plans when facing similar combat scenarios at different times. “Attack when the enemy is unprepared and take them by surprise”, the most effective plan may seem to be the most dangerous and impossible plan. For commanders, facing combat scenarios, there are infinite possibilities in an instant, while for artificial intelligence, there is only the best-looking certainty in an instant, lacking creativity and strategy, and it is easy for the opponent to predict it. Therefore, in intelligent combat command, based on human autonomy, the commander is responsible for planning and calculation, innovating tactics and tactics, and designing basic strategies, and the machine is responsible for converting basic strategies into executable and operational combat plans, forming a “man-planned” command mode. More importantly, autonomy is the unique mark of human existence as human being. This power of free decision-making cannot and is not allowed to be transferred to machines, making people become vassals of machines.

Based on “self-criticism”, build a command model of “people against machine”

Human growth and progress are usually based on the real self, focus on the ideal self, and criticize the historical self in a negation-negation style. Artificial intelligence has no “self” and has lost its self-critical ability. This makes it only able to solve problems within the original cognitive framework. The combat ideas, combat principles, and tactics of the model are given when the training is completed. If you want to update and improve your knowledge and ideas, you must continuously train the model from the outside. Mapped to a specific combat scenario, the intelligent model can only provide the commander with a pre-given problem solution. It is impossible to dynamically adjust and update it continuously during a battle.

People with a self-critical spirit can jump out of the command decision-making thinking process and review, evaluate, and criticize the command decision. In the continuous self-criticism, the combat plan is constantly adjusted, and even the original plan is overturned to form a new plan. In the command organization group, other commanders may also express different opinions on the combat plan. The commander adjusts and improves the original plan on the basis of fully absorbing these opinions, and realizes the dynamic evolution of the combat plan. Therefore, combat command is essentially a dynamic process of continuous forward exploration, not a static process given in advance by the combat plan. When the machine generates a combat plan, the commander cannot accept it blindly without thinking, but should act as an “opponent” or “fault finder”, reflect on and criticize the combat plan, and raise objections. Based on the human’s objections, the machine assists the commander to continuously adjust and optimize the combat plan, forming a command mode of “human opposing and machine correcting”.

Based on “self-awareness and initiative”, we build a command model of “people lead and machines follow”

Comrade Mao Zedong once said that what we call “conscious initiative” is the characteristic that distinguishes humans from objects. Any complex practical activity to transform the world starts with a rough and abstract idea. To transform abstract concepts into concrete actions, it is necessary to overcome various risks and challenges, give full play to conscious initiative, and take the initiative to set goals, make suggestions, and think of ways. Artificial intelligence without conscious initiative, when people ask it questions, it only gives the answers implied in the model, without caring whether the answer can be used, targeted, or practical. In other words, when an abstract and empty question is raised, it gives an abstract and empty answer. This is also why the current popular large model unified operation mode is “people ask questions and machines answer”, rather than “machines ask questions”.

Relying on conscious initiative, even the most abstract and empty problems can be transformed step by step into specific action plans and specific action practices. Therefore, in intelligent combat command, the commander is mainly responsible for planning what to do and what ideas to follow, while the intelligent model is responsible for planning how to do it specifically. If the combat mission is too abstract and general, the commander should first break down the problem into details, and then the intelligent model should solve the detailed problem. Under the guidance of the commander, the problem is gradually solved in stages and fields, and the combat goal is finally achieved, forming a command mode of “people lead and machines follow”. It’s like writing a paper. First you make an outline and then you start writing. People are responsible for making the outline, and the specific writing is done by the machine. If the first-level outline is not specific enough, people can break it down into a second-level or even a third-level outline.

Based on “self-responsibility”, build a command model of “human decision-making and machine calculation”

Modern advanced ship-borne air defense and anti-missile systems usually have four operational modes: manual, semi-automatic, standard automatic, and special automatic. Once the special automatic mode is activated, the system will no longer require human authorization to launch missiles. However, this mode is rarely activated in actual combat or training. The reason is that humans, as the responsible subject, must be responsible for all their actions, while the behavior of machines is the absence of the responsible subject. When it comes to holding people accountable for major mistakes, machines cannot be held accountable. Therefore, life-and-death matters must not be decided by a machine without autonomous responsibility. Moreover, modern artificial intelligence is a “black box”. The intelligent behavior it exhibits is inexplicable, and the reasons for right and wrong are unknown, making it impossible for people to easily hand over important decision-making power to machines.

Because AI lacks “autonomous responsibility”, all problems in its eyes are “domesticated problems”, that is, the consequences of such problems have nothing to do with the respondent, and the success or failure of the problem solving is irrelevant to the respondent. Corresponding to this are “wild problems”, that is, the consequences of such problems are closely related to the respondent, and the respondent must be involved. Therefore, in the eyes of AI without self, there are no “wild problems”, all are “domesticated problems”, and it stays out of any problem. Therefore, in intelligent combat command, machines cannot replace commanders in making judgments and decisions. It can provide commanders with key knowledge, identify battlefield targets, organize battlefield intelligence, analyze battlefield conditions, predict battlefield situations, and even form combat plans, formulate combat plans, and draft combat orders. However, the plans, plans, and orders it gives can only be used as drafts and references. As for whether to adopt them and to what extent, it is up to the commander to decide. In short, both parties make decisions together, with artificial intelligence responsible for prediction and humans responsible for judgment, forming a command mode of “human decision-making and machine calculation”.

現代國語：

從「缸中之腦」看智慧化作戰指揮

■劉 奎 秦芳菲

要點提示

●現代人工智慧，本質上就如同“缸中之腦”，如果讓它實施作戰指揮，始終會面臨主體缺失即“自我”缺失的問題。這使得人工智慧存在天然的、根本的缺陷，必須基於人的主體性，透過人機混合來提升作戰指揮效能和水平

●智能化作戰指揮中，指揮員主要負責規劃做什麼、依什麼思路做，智能模型則負責規劃具體怎麼做

「缸中之腦」是一項著名科學假設。意思是，假如人的大腦被取出放在營養液中，神經末梢接上計算機，由計算機模擬出各種感知信號。這時候，「缸中之腦」能不能意識到「我是缸中之腦」？答案是不能，因為人作為一個封閉的系統，當與外界缺乏真實的互動體驗時，人是無法跳出自身、從自身之外觀察自身並形成自我意識的。而現代人工智慧，本質上就如同“缸中之腦”，如果讓它實施作戰指揮，始終會面臨主體缺失即“自我”缺失的問題。這使得人工智慧存在天然的、根本的缺陷，必須基於人的主體性，透過人機混合來提升作戰指揮效能和水準。

基於“自由選擇”，建構“人謀機劃”的指揮模式

戰場上，指揮員可以選擇打哪一個目標，可以選擇從正面打、從翼側打、從背後打、從空中打；可以隔而不打、圍而不打、談而不打……這就是人的自主性，可以自由選擇做什麼、怎麼做。但機器不行，它給出的作戰方案，只能是智慧模型中蘊含的方案。就每次給出的特定方案而言，也是機率統計意義上可能性最大的方案。這使得人工智慧生成的方案呈現“模板化”傾向，相當於一個“復刻機”，同樣的問題，它給出的是相似的回答，同樣的作戰場景，它給出的就是相似的作戰方案。

與人工智慧相比，同樣的作戰場景，不同的指揮員設計的作戰方案完全不同；同一指揮員在不同的時間面對相似的作戰場景，設計的作戰方案也不相同。 “攻其無備，出其不意”，最有效的方案很可能看上去是最危險、最不可能的方案。對於指揮員，面對作戰場景，一瞬間有無限可能，而對於人工智慧，一瞬間卻只有看上去最好的確定，缺乏創意、缺少謀略，很容易為對方所預料。所以，在智慧化作戰指揮中，要基於人的自主性，由指揮員負責籌謀算計、創新戰法打法、設計基本策略，由機器負責將基本策略轉化為可執行可操作的作戰方案，形成「人謀機劃」的指揮模式。更重要的是，自主性是人作為人而存在的獨特標志，這種自由作決定的權力不可能也不允許讓渡給機器，使人淪為機器的附庸。

基於“自我批判”，建構“人反機正”的指揮模式

人類的成長進步，通常是立足現實自我，著眼理想自我，對歷史自我進行否定之否定式的批判。人工智慧沒有“自我”，同時也喪失了自我批判能力。這使得它只能停留在原有認知框架內解決問題，模型擁有的作戰思想、作戰原則、戰法打法，是在訓練完成時所給予的。如果想獲得知識和想法的更新提升，就必須從外部對模型進行持續訓練。映射到特定作戰場景，智慧模型給指揮員提供的只能是事先給定的問題解決方案，要想在一次作戰中不斷地動態調整更新是做不到的。

具有自我批判精神的人類，可以跳脫指揮決策思考過程，對指揮決策進行審視、評價、批判。在持續地自我批判中不斷對作戰方案進行調整，甚至推翻原有方案，形成新的方案。在指揮機構群體中，其他指揮人員也可能對作戰方案提出不同意見，指揮員在充分吸納這些意見的基礎上，調整改進原有方案，實現作戰方案的動態進化。所以，作戰指揮本質上是一個不斷向前探索的動態過程，不是作戰方案事先給定的靜態過程。當機器生成作戰方案時，指揮員不能不加思考地盲目接受，而應充當“反對者”“找茬人”，對作戰方案展開反思批判，提出反對意見，機器根據人的反對意見，輔助指揮員不斷調整、優化作戰方案，形成「人反機正」的指揮模式。

基於“自覺能動”，建立“人引機隨”的指揮模式

毛澤東同志說過，我們名之曰“自覺的能動性”，是人之所以區別於物的特點。任何一項改造世界的複雜實踐活動，都是從粗糙的、抽象的想法開始的，要將抽象觀念轉化為具體行動，需要克服各種風險和挑戰，充分發揮自覺能動性，主動定目標、出主意、想辦法。沒有自覺能動性的人工智慧，人們向它提出問題，它給出的只是模型中蘊含的答案，而不會管這個答案能不能用、有沒有針對性、可不可以實際操作，即提出抽象、空洞的問題，它給出的就是抽象、空洞的回答。這也是為什麼時下流行的大模型統一的運行模式是“人問機答”，而不是“機器提出問題”。

依賴自覺能動性，再抽象、空洞的問題都能由人一步一步轉化為具體的行動方案、具體的行動實踐。因此，在智慧化作戰指揮中，指揮員主要負責規劃做什麼、依什麼思路做，智慧模型則負責規劃具體怎麼做。若作戰任務太過抽象籠統，應先由指揮員對問題進行分解細化，再由智慧模型對細化後的問題進行解算。在指揮引導下，分階段、分領域逐步解決問題，最終達成作戰目標，形成「人引機隨」的指揮模式。這就像寫一篇論文，先列出提綱，再進行寫作，列提綱由人負責，具體寫作由機器完成，如果感覺一級綱目不夠具體，可由人細化為二級乃至三級綱目。

基於“自主負責”，建立“人斷機算”的指揮模式

現代先進的艦載防空反導系統，通常有手動、半自動、標準自動、特殊自動四種作戰模式，一旦啟用特殊自動模式，系統發射導彈將不再需要人的授權幹預。但該模式無論在實戰還是在訓練中都很少啟用。究其原因，人作為責任主體要對自己的所有行為負責，而機器行為背後卻是責任主體的缺失，當要為重大失誤追責時，機器是無法負責的。所以，生死攸關的大事決不能讓一個沒有自主責任的機器決定。況且，現代人工智慧是一個“黑箱”，它所展現的智能行為具有不可解釋性，對與錯的原因無從知曉，讓人無法輕易將重大決定權完全交給機器。

由於人工智慧缺乏“自主責任”，會使它眼中的問題全是“馴化問題”，也就是該類問題產生的後果與回答者沒有關系，問題解決的成功也罷、失敗也罷，對回答者來說無所謂。與之相應的是“野生問題”，也就是該類問題產生的後果與回答者息息相關，回答者必須置身其中。所以，在缺失自我的人工智慧眼中沒有“野生問題”，都是“馴化問題”，它對任何問題都置身事外。因此，在智慧化作戰指揮中，機器不能取代指揮員做出判斷和決策。它可以為指揮員提供關鍵知識、識別戰場目標、整編戰場情報、分析戰場情況、預測戰場態勢，甚至可以形成作戰方案、制定作戰計劃、擬製作戰命令，但它給出的方案計劃命令，只能作為草稿和參考，至於採不採用、在多大程度上採用，還得指揮員說了算。簡單來說，就是雙方共同做出決策，人工智慧負責預測，人負責判斷，形成「人斷機算」的指揮模式。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16361814.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #中國太空軍, #中國的耗散戰, #中國軍事人工智慧武器化, #新興戰爭技術, China Internet Soverignty, China National Cyber Security Strategy, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dimensionality Reduction Strikes, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中國的情報戰, 中國的耗散戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事分析:認知域作戰的特徵與發展趨勢, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 國家網絡空間安全戰略, 國防和軍隊現代化建設, 新軍事變革, 智慧戰爭, 美國軍事網絡戰：黑客入侵防禦成為無菸的戰爭, 解放軍展望未來戰爭發展, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Chinese Weaponization of Digitalization, Networking, Intelligence, Grasping the Focus New Chinese Generation of Information Technology

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數位化、網路化、智慧化的中國武器化，抓住中國新一代資訊科技的焦點

現代英語：

Digitalization, networking, and intelligence are the prominent features of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, and are also the core of the new generation of information technology. Digitalization lays the foundation for social informatization, and its development trend is the comprehensive dataization of society. Dataization emphasizes the collection, aggregation, analysis and application of data. Networking provides a physical carrier for information dissemination, and its development trend is the widespread adoption of information-physical systems (CPS). Information-physical systems will not only give birth to new industries, but will even reshape the existing industrial layout. Intelligence reflects the level and level of information application, and its development trend is the new generation of artificial intelligence. At present, the upsurge of the new generation of artificial intelligence has arrived.

　　In his important speech at the 2018 General Assembly of Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out: “The world is entering a period of economic development dominated by the information industry. We must seize the opportunity of the integrated development of digitalization, networking, and intelligence, and use informatization and intelligence as leverage to cultivate new momentum.” This important statement is an accurate grasp of the dominant role and development trend of information technology in today’s world, and an important deployment for using information technology to promote national innovation and development.

　　Human society, the physical world, and information space constitute the three elements of today’s world. The connection and interaction between these three worlds determine the characteristics and degree of social informatization. The basic way to perceive human society and the physical world is digitization, the basic way to connect human society and the physical world (through information space) is networking, and the way information space acts on the physical world and human society is intelligence. Digitalization, networking, and intelligence are the prominent features of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, and are also the focus of the new generation of information technology. Digitalization lays the foundation for social informatization, and its development trend is the comprehensive dataization of society; networking provides a physical carrier for information dissemination, and its development trend is the widespread adoption of information-physical systems (CPS); intelligence reflects the level and level of information application, and its development trend is the new generation of artificial intelligence.

　　Digitalization: From computerization to dataization

　　Digitalization refers to the technical approach of storing, transmitting, processing, handling and applying information carriers (text, pictures, images, signals, etc.) in digital coding form (usually binary). Digitalization itself refers to the way of representing and processing information, but in essence it emphasizes the computerization and automation of information application. In addition to digitalization, dataization (data is an information carrier in coded form, and all data is digital) emphasizes the collection, aggregation, analysis and application of data, and strengthens the production factors and productivity functions of data. Digitalization is developing from computerization to dataization, which is one of the most important trends in the current social informatization.

　　The core connotation of dataization is the deep understanding and deep use of big data generated by the integration of information technology revolution and economic and social activities. Big data is a fragmentary record of social economy, real world, management decision-making, etc., containing fragmented information. With the breakthrough of analytical technology and computing technology, it is possible to interpret this fragmented information, which makes big data a new high-tech, a new scientific research paradigm, and a new way of decision-making. Big data has profoundly changed the way people think and live and work, bringing unprecedented opportunities to management innovation, industrial development, scientific discovery and other fields.

　　The value generation of big data has its inherent laws (obeying the big data principle). Only by deeply understanding and mastering these laws can we improve the awareness and ability to consciously and scientifically use big data (big data thinking). The value of big data is mainly realized through big data technology. Big data technology is an extension and development of statistical methods, computer technology, and artificial intelligence technology. It is a developing technology. The current hot directions include: blockchain technology, interoperability technology, storage and management technology of integrated storage and computing, big data operating system, big data programming language and execution environment, big data foundation and core algorithm, big data machine learning technology, big data intelligent technology, visualization and human-computer interaction analysis technology, authenticity judgment and security technology, etc. The development of big data technology depends on the solution of some major basic problems, including: the statistical basis and computational theoretical basis of big data, the hardware and software basis and computational methods of big data computing, and the authenticity judgment of big data inference.

　　Implementing the national big data strategy is an important way to promote the digital revolution. Since my country proposed the implementation of the national big data strategy in 2015, the pattern of rapid development of big data in my country has been initially formed, but there are also some problems that need to be solved: data openness and sharing are lagging, and the dividends of data resources have not been fully released; the profit model of enterprises is unstable, and the integrity of the industrial chain is insufficient; core technologies have not yet made major breakthroughs, and the technical level of related applications is not high; there are still loopholes in security management and privacy protection, and the construction of relevant systems is still not perfect; etc. At present, effective measures should be taken to solve the bottleneck problems that restrict the development of big data in my country.

　　Networking: From the Internet to Cyber-Physical Systems

　　As an information-based public infrastructure, the Internet has become the main way for people to obtain, exchange and consume information. However, the Internet only focuses on the interconnection between people and the resulting interconnection between services.

　　The Internet of Things is a natural extension and expansion of the Internet. It connects various objects to the Internet through information technology, helping people obtain relevant information about the objects they need. The Internet of Things uses information collection equipment such as radio frequency identification, sensors, infrared sensors, video surveillance, global positioning systems, laser scanners, etc., and connects objects to the Internet through wireless sensor networks and wireless communication networks, so as to achieve real-time information exchange and communication between objects and between people and objects, so as to achieve the purpose of intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management. The Internet realizes the interconnection between people and services, while the Internet of Things realizes the cross-connection between people, objects and services. The core technologies of the Internet of Things include: sensor technology, wireless transmission technology, massive data analysis and processing technology, upper-level business solutions, security technology, etc. The development of the Internet of Things will go through a relatively long period, but it may take the lead in achieving breakthroughs in applications in specific fields. Internet of Vehicles, Industrial Internet, unmanned systems, smart homes, etc. are all areas where the Internet of Things is currently showing its prowess.

　　The Internet of Things mainly solves the problem of people’s perception of the physical world, while to solve the problem of manipulating physical objects, it is necessary to further develop the cyber-physical system (CPS). The cyber-physical system is a multi-dimensional complex system that integrates computing, networking and physical environment. It realizes real-time perception, dynamic control and information services of large engineering systems through the organic integration and deep collaboration of 3C (Computer, Communication, Control) technologies. Through the human-computer interaction interface, the cyber-physical system realizes the interaction between the computing process and the physical process, and uses the networked space to control a physical entity in a remote, reliable, real-time, secure and collaborative manner. In essence, the cyber-physical system is a network with control attributes.

　　Unlike public infrastructure that provides information interaction and application, the focus of the development of cyber-physical systems is on the research and development of networked physical equipment systems that deeply integrate perception, computing, communication and control capabilities. From an industrial perspective, cyber-physical systems cover a range of applications from smart home networks to industrial control systems and even intelligent transportation systems, which are national and even world-class applications. More importantly, this coverage is not just about simply connecting existing devices together, but will give rise to a large number of devices with computing, communication, control, collaboration and autonomous capabilities. The next generation of industry will be built on cyber-physical systems. With the development and popularization of cyber-physical system technology, physical devices that use computers and networks to achieve functional expansion will be ubiquitous, and will promote the upgrading of industrial products and technologies, greatly improving the competitiveness of major industrial fields such as automobiles, aerospace, national defense, industrial automation, health and medical equipment, and major infrastructure. Cyber-physical systems will not only give birth to new industries, but will even reshape the existing industrial layout.

　　Intelligence: From Expert Systems to Meta-Learning

　　Intelligence reflects the quality attributes of information products. When we say that an information product is intelligent, we usually mean that the product can accomplish things that only intelligent people can accomplish, or has reached a level that only humans can achieve. Intelligence generally includes perception, memory and thinking, learning and adaptive, behavioral decision-making, etc. Therefore, intelligence can also be generally defined as: enabling an object to have sensitive and accurate perception functions, correct thinking and judgment functions, adaptive learning functions, and effective execution functions.

　　Intelligence is the eternal pursuit of the development of information technology, and the main way to achieve this pursuit is to develop artificial intelligence technology. In the more than 60 years since the birth of artificial intelligence technology, although it has experienced three ups and two downs, it has still made great achievements. From 1959 to 1976, it was a stage based on artificial representation of knowledge and symbol processing, which produced expert systems with important application value in some fields; from 1976 to 2007, it was a stage based on statistical learning and knowledge self-representation, which produced various neural network systems; in recent years, research based on environmental adaptation, self-game, self-evolution, and self-learning is forming a new stage of artificial intelligence development – meta-learning or methodological learning stage, which constitutes a new generation of artificial intelligence. The new generation of artificial intelligence mainly includes big data intelligence, group intelligence, cross-media intelligence, human-machine hybrid enhanced intelligence, and brain-like intelligence.

　　Deep learning is an outstanding representative of the new generation of artificial intelligence technology. Due to its performance that surpasses that of humans in many fields such as face recognition, machine translation, and chess competitions, deep learning has almost become synonymous with artificial intelligence today. However, deep learning has major challenges in terms of topological design, effect prediction, and mechanism explanation. There is no solid mathematical theory to support the solution of these three major problems. Solving these problems is the main focus of future research on deep learning. In addition, deep learning is a typical big data intelligence, and its applicability is based on the existence of a large number of training samples. Small sample learning will be the development trend of deep learning.

　　Meta-learning is expected to become the next breakthrough in the development of artificial intelligence. Recently developed meta-learning methods such as learning to learn, learning to teach, learning to optimize, learning to search, and learning to reason, as well as the outstanding performance of “AlphaGo Zero” in Go, have demonstrated the attractive prospects of such new technologies. However, meta-learning research is only just beginning, and its development still faces a series of challenges.

　　The new generation of artificial intelligence is already here, and the foreseeable development trend is based on big data, centered on model and algorithm innovation, and supported by powerful computing power. The breakthrough of the new generation of artificial intelligence technology depends on the comprehensive development of other types of information technology, as well as the substantial progress and development of brain science and cognitive science. (Xu Zongben, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and professor of Xi’an Jiaotong University)

現代國語：

數位化、網路化、智慧化是新一輪科技革命的突出特徵，也是新一代資訊科技的核心。數位化為社會資訊化奠定基礎，其發展趨勢是社會的全面數據化。資料化強調對資料的收集、聚合、分析與應用。網路化為資訊傳播提供實體載體，其發展趨勢是資訊物理系統（CPS）的廣泛採用。資訊物理系統不僅會催生出新的工業，甚至會重塑現有產業佈局。智慧化體現資訊應用的層次與水平，其發展趨勢為新一代人工智慧。目前，新一代人工智慧的熱潮已經來臨。

習近平同志在2018年兩院院士大會上的重要演講指出：「世界正進入以資訊產業為主導的經濟發展時期。我們要把握數位化、網路化、智慧化融合發展的契機，以資訊化、智慧化為槓桿培育新動能。

人類社會、物理世界、資訊空間構成了當今世界的三元。這三元世界之間的關聯與交互，決定了社會資訊化的特徵與程度。感知人類社會和物理世界的基本方式是數位化，連結人類社會與物理世界（透過資訊空間）的基本方式是網路化，資訊空間作用於物理世界與人類社會的方式是智慧化。數位化、網路化、智慧化是新一輪科技革命的突出特徵，也是新一代資訊科技的聚焦點。數位化為社會資訊化奠定基礎，其發展趨勢是社會的全面資料化；網路化為資訊傳播提供物理載體，其發展趨勢是資訊物理系統（CPS）的廣泛採用；智慧化體現資訊應用的層次與水平，其發展趨勢是新一代人工智慧。

數位化：從電腦化到資料化

數位化是指將資訊載體（文字、圖片、影像、訊號等）以數位編碼形式（通常是二進位）進行儲存、傳輸、加工、處理和應用的技術途徑。數位化本身指的是資訊表示方式與處理方式，但本質上強調的是資訊應用的電腦化和自動化。資料化（資料是以編碼形式存在的資訊載體，所有資料都是數位化的）除包括數位化外，更強調對資料的收集、聚合、分析與應用，強化資料的生產要素與生產力功能。數位化正從電腦化朝向資料化發展，這是當前社會資訊化最重要的趨勢之一。

資料化的核心內涵是對資訊科技革命與經濟社會活動交融生成的大數據的深刻認識與深層利用。大數據是社會經濟、現實世界、管理決策等的片段記錄，蘊含著片段化資訊。隨著分析技術與運算技術的突破，解讀這些片段化資訊成為可能，這使得大數據成為一項新的高新技術、一類新的科學研究範式、一種新的決策方式。大數據深刻改變了人類的思考方式和生產生活方式，為管理創新、產業發展、科學發現等多個領域帶來前所未有的機會。

大數據的價值生成有其內在規律（服從大數據原理）。只有深刻認識並掌握這些規律，才能提高自覺運用、科學運用大數據的意識與能力（大數據思維）。大數據的價值主要透過大數據技術來實現。大數據技術是統計學方法、電腦技術、人工智慧技術的延伸與發展，是正在發展中的技術，目前的熱點方向包括：區塊鏈技術、互通技術、存算一體化儲存與管理技術、大數據作業系統、大數據程式語言與執行環境、大數據基礎與核心演算法、大數據機器學習技術、大數據智慧技術、視覺化與人機互動分析技術、真偽判定與安全技術等。大數據技術的發展依賴一些重大基礎問題的解決，這些重大基礎問題包括：大數據的統計基礎與計算理論基礎、大數據計算的軟硬體基礎與計算方法、大數據推斷的真偽性判定等。

實施國家大數據戰略是推動資料化革命的重要途徑。自2015年我國提出實施國家大數據戰略以來，我國大數據快速發展的格局已初步形成，但也存在一些亟待解決的問題：數據開放共享滯後，數據資源紅利仍未得到充分釋放；企業贏利模式不穩定，產業鏈完整性不足；核心技術尚未取得重大突破，相關應用的技術水準不高；安全管理與隱私保護還存在漏洞，相關制度建設仍不夠完善；等等。目前，應採取有效措施解決制約我國大數據發展的瓶頸問題。

網路化：從網際網路到資訊物理系統

作為資訊化的公共基礎設施，網路已成為人們獲取資訊、交換資訊、消費資訊的主要方式。但是，網路關注的只是人與人之間的互聯互通以及由此帶來的服務與服務的互聯。

物聯網是互聯網的自然延伸和拓展，它透過資訊科技將各種物體與網路相連，幫助人們獲取所需物體的相關資訊。物聯網透過使用射頻識別、感測器、紅外線感應器、視訊監控、全球定位系統、雷射掃描器等資訊擷取設備，透過無線感測網路、無線通訊網路把物體與網路連接起來，實現物與物、人與物之間的即時資訊交換和通信，以達到智慧化識別、定位、追蹤、監控和管理的目的。互聯網實現了人與人、服務與服務之間的互聯， 而物聯網實現了人、物、服務之間的交叉互聯。物聯網的核心技術包括：感測器技術、無線傳輸技術、大量資料分析處理技術、上層業務解決方案、安全技術等。物聯網的發展將經歷相對漫長的時期，但可能會在特定領域的應用中率先取得突破，車聯網、工業互聯網、無人系統、智慧家庭等都是當前物聯網大顯身手的領域。

物聯網主要解決人對物理世界的感知問題，而要解決對物理對象的操控問題則必須進一步發展資訊物理系統（CPS）。資訊物理系統是一個綜合運算、網路和物理環境的多維複雜系統，它透過3C（Computer、Communication、Control）技術的有機融合與深度協作，實現對大型工程系統的即時感知、動態控制和資訊服務。透過人機交互接口，資訊物理系統實現計算進程與實體進程的交互，利用網路化空間以遠端、可靠、即時、安全、協作的方式操控一個實體實體。從本質上來說，資訊物理系統是一個具有控制屬性的網路。

不同於提供資訊互動與應用的公用基礎設施，資訊物理系統發展的聚焦點在於研發深度融合感知、運算、通訊與控制能力的網路化實體設備系統。從產業角度來看，資訊物理系統的涵蓋範圍小到智慧家庭網路、大到工業控制系統乃至智慧交通系統等國家級甚至世界級的應用。更重要的是，這種涵蓋並不僅僅是將現有的設備簡單地連在一起，而是會催生出眾多具有計算、通訊、控制、協同和自治性能的設備，下一代工業將建立在在資訊物理系統之上。隨著資訊物理系統技術的發展和普及，使用電腦和網路實現功能擴展的實體設備將無所不在，並推動工業產品和技術的升級換代，大大提高汽車、航空航太、國防、工業自動化、健康醫療設備、重大基礎設施等主要工業領域的競爭力。資訊物理系統不僅會催生出新的工業，甚至會重塑現有產業佈局。

智能化：從專家系統到元學習

智能化反映資訊產品的品質屬性。我們說一個資訊產品是智慧的，通常是指這個產品能完成有智慧的人才能完成的事情，或是已經達到人類才能達到的程度。智能一般包括知覺能力、記憶與思考能力、學習與適應力、行為決策能力等。所以，智能化通常也可定義為：使對象具備靈敏準確的感知功能、正確的思考與判斷功能、自適應的學習功能、行之有效的執行功能等。

智能化是資訊科技發展的永恆追求，實現這項追求的主要途徑是發展人工智慧技術。人工智慧技術誕生60多年來，雖歷經三起兩落，但還是取得了巨大成就。 1959—1976年是基於人工表示知識和符號處理的階段，產生了在一些領域具有重要應用價值的專家系統；1976—2007年是基於統計學習和知識自表示的階段，產生了各種各樣的神經網路系統；近幾年開始的基於環境自適應、自博弈、自進化、自學習的研究，正在形成一個人工智慧發展的新階段——元學習或方法論學習階段，這構成新一代人工智慧。新一代人工智慧主要包括大數據智慧、群體智慧、跨媒體智慧、人機混合增強智慧和類腦智慧等。

深度學習是新一代人工智慧技術的卓越代表。由於在人臉辨識、機器翻譯、棋類競賽等眾多領域超越人類的表現，深度學習在今天幾乎已成為人工智慧的代名詞。然而，深度學習拓樸設計難、效果預期難、機理解釋難是重大挑戰，還沒有一套堅實的數學理論來支持解決這三大難題。解決這些難題是深度學習未來研究的主要關注點。此外，深度學習是典型的大數據智能，它的可應用性是以存在大量訓練樣本為基礎的。小樣本學習將是深度學習的發展趨勢。

元學習有望成為人工智慧發展的下一個突破口。學會學習、學會教學、學會優化、學會搜尋、學會推理等新近發展的元學習方法以及「AlphaGo Zero」在圍棋方面的出色表現，展現了這類新技術的誘人前景。然而，元學習研究僅是開始，其發展還面臨一系列挑戰。

新一代人工智慧的熱潮已經來臨，可以預見的發展趨勢是以大數據為基礎、以模型與演算法創新為核心、以強大的運算能力為支撐。新一代人工智慧技術的突破依賴其他各類資訊技術的綜合發展，也依賴腦科學與認知科學的實質進步與發展。 （中國科學院院士、西安交通大學教授 徐宗本）

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.cac.gov.cn/2019-03/01/c_1124178478.htm

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Talent Base, Research Content & Innovative Methods Enhanc Modernization of China’s Military Theory Under Empowerment of Science and Technology

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人才基礎、研究內容與創新方法提昇科技賦能下的中國軍事理論現代化

現代英語：

Empowering military theory modernization with technology

■Chen Jihao and Liu Yangyue

At present, with the accelerated evolution of a new round of military revolution and the rapid development of disruptive military science and technology, the modernization of military theory has increasingly become a modernization that closely combines military theory with military science and technology and promotes the continuous innovation of military theory with the empowerment of science and technology. To accelerate the modernization of military theory, it is necessary to correctly recognize the development relationship between military science and technology and military theory, and explore the talent base, research content and innovation methods of the modernization of military theory under the empowerment of science and technology.

Cultivating innovative military theoretical talents led by science and technology

Talents are the main body of military theory innovation, and building a high-level, complex team of theoretical innovation talents is the key to realizing the modernization of military theory. Modern military theory research presents a situation of mutual intersection and deep integration of natural sciences and social sciences. It is necessary to cultivate a large number of military innovation talents with integrated science and technology, create a collaborative and open theoretical innovation organization model, and provide intellectual support for promoting the modernization of military theory.

First, military theory researchers must have a “scientific and technological mind” to enhance their understanding, application and discernment of science and technology. Military theory researchers must keep abreast of the latest developments in science and technology, use multidisciplinary cross-border thinking to understand the full meaning of science and technology, and tap the huge military potential of cutting-edge science and technology; they must focus on introducing scientific research methods into military theory research, borrow methods such as big data analysis to study military theory, combine qualitative research with quantitative research, and overcome the limitations of the original military theory research that is experience-oriented and lacks precision; at the same time, they must be good at identifying those “pseudo-sciences” that claim to be at the forefront of science and technology, and see through the technological “fog” released by competitors. Second, military science and technology researchers must have theoretical thinking. Military science and technology researchers should overcome the narrow-minded thinking of “technological determinism”, realize that natural sciences and social sciences are intertwined rather than diametrically opposed, and actively use scientific theories to guide military research. At the same time, they should focus on learning and studying advanced military theories, strengthen their understanding of the war situation and winning mechanism, and deepen their understanding of the application value and development trend of military technology. Thirdly, establish and improve the exchange and cooperation mechanism between theoretical talents and scientific and technological talents. Based on comprehensive research topics, experts from various fields can be widely drawn to form interdisciplinary joint research groups, give full play to their respective strengths, and ignite theoretical innovation sparks in constant cross-collisions. Different types of research units can also select personnel for cross-appointments, so as to encourage theoretical and scientific talents to learn from each other and grow together, open up disciplinary and innovation chains, and enhance the overall effectiveness of theoretical innovation.

Focus on science and technology-led military theory research content

Although there are some universal principles in military theory, the specific content will continue to change with the evolution of the times and practice. In today’s world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution is advancing by leaps and bounds. The emergence of a series of high-tech technologies and their extensive application in the military field have triggered profound changes in the mechanisms, elements and methods of winning wars, providing new research objects for military theory research.

First, we need to study powerful enemies. The confrontational nature of war determines that military theory research must keep a close eye on the changes of powerful enemies and compete for the commanding heights of military theory. At present, the world’s major powers are stepping up the development of new operational concepts and tactics in response to cutting-edge technologies. Military theory research must adhere to the principle of “you fight yours, I fight mine”, and use the method of “dissecting sparrows” to clarify the opponent’s operational concepts, methods and capabilities. At the same time, we must keep a close eye on changes in science and technology, strengthen the development of new operational concepts, and achieve a transition from follow-up research to synchronization and then to catching up, so as to form an asymmetric balance of power in military theory. Secondly, we must study intelligent warfare. In today’s world, the development of disruptive cutting-edge technologies has promoted the evolution of war forms towards intelligence, and the temporal and spatial characteristics and offensive and defensive modes of war have undergone profound changes. Military theory research should focus on intelligent warfare, accurately grasp the laws and characteristics of intelligent warfare, actively predict the impact of science and technology on future wars, and realize the transformation from passive adaptation to active design of war. Thirdly, we should study new quality combat power. The development of science and technology has given rise to new quality combat power, changed the combination of people and weapons, and directly contributed to the birth of new quality combat power. For example, in the future battlefield, human-machine integrated joint combat actions will become an important combat mode, and it will be possible for a small number of soldiers to lead a large number of “bee swarms”, “fish swarms” and ” ant swarms” to conduct intelligent cluster combat. Military theory research should focus on new types of combat capabilities, seize opportunities in emerging fields, take the initiative, and proactively explore the generation paths and release patterns of new types of combat capabilities. Advanced theories should be used to guide and drive the construction of new types of combat forces in new domains, providing theoretical support for accelerating the incubation and generation of new types of combat capabilities.

Create a military theory research paradigm supported by science and technology

The intelligent science paradigm is called the “fifth paradigm” of scientific research. It is a cross-domain scientific research paradigm supported by artificial intelligence technology, integrating human values ​​​​and knowledge, and characterized by human-machine integration. Entering the era of intelligence, big data and artificial intelligence are developing rapidly, requiring the “intelligent factor” to be organically integrated into the practice of military theoretical research in an all-round way, opening up the “fifth paradigm” of military theoretical research.

First, explore data-centric research methods. Artificial intelligence technology can comprehensively collect battlefield intelligence data on a large scale, efficiently screen and integrate multi-source data, and realize nonlinear coupling and complex correlation of cross-domain and cross-scenario data. We must give full play to the powerful functions of artificial intelligence technology in multi-dimensional data collection and multi-dimensional data processing, open up the data links between military theories, technologies, equipment and other elements, and realize data-centric cross-domain synergy and efficiency among various research elements, and connect the “underlying channel” of the integration of theory and technology. Secondly, innovate the research model of human-machine collaboration. With the continuous improvement of the intelligence level of machines, the research model of ” human-host-machine-slave” has gradually changed to “human-machine integration.” The global knowledge and associative prediction capabilities of artificial intelligence are helping researchers break through the limitations of traditional thinking, eliminate traditional field divisions, and open up a ” brainstorm” in military theory research. We need to explore innovative models for deep integration of humans and machines, establish a dynamic feedback mechanism for positive-sum games, combine researchers’ nonlinear abstract thinking with the powerful computing power of machines, and achieve knowledge integration and communication, dynamic simulation and deduction, forward-looking analysis and decision-making, providing the greatest wisdom increment for military theory research. Secondly, create a “pre-practice” platform for military theory. Practice is the “touchstone” for testing the results of military theory. Only by constantly moving from practice to theory and then to practice can we achieve a spiral rise in military theory. On the one hand, we can use advanced scientific and technological means such as virtual reality technology and artificial intelligence technology to build a virtual experimental platform, simulate and simulate combat scenarios and combat power generation processes through deduction, analysis, evaluation and other means, and test the practicality and operability of conceptual design in a realistic experimental environment, so as to continuously improve and develop military theory; we can also use generative artificial intelligence to generate “semi-factual” combat scenarios, directly display the combat process and results in a visual way, inspire the thinking of military theorists, and shorten the new theory generation cycle. On the other hand, comprehensive live-fire training activities are used to conduct comprehensive combat experiments under the preset future battlefield environment and combat conditions, which complement virtual experiments and provide more reliable pre-practice quantitative data to verify and develop military theories in an environment closer to actual combat.

現代國語：

以科技賦能軍事理論現代化

■陳紀豪 劉楊鉞

當前，隨著新一輪軍事革命的加速演進和顛覆性軍事科技的高速發展，軍事理論現代化日益成為軍事理論與軍事科技緊密結合、以科技賦能推動軍事理論不斷創新的現代化。加速軍事理論現代化，需要正確認識軍事科技與軍事理論的發展關系，探索科技賦能下軍事理論現代化的人才基礎、研究內容與創新方法。

培養科技引領的軍事理論創新人才

人才是軍事理論創新的主體，建立一支高層次複合型的理論創新人才隊伍是實現軍事理論現代化的關鍵。現代軍事理論研究呈現自然科學與社會科學相互交叉、深度融合的局面，需要培養大量理技融合型軍事創新人才，打造協同開放的理論創新組織模式，為推動軍事理論現代化提供智力支持。

首先，軍事理論研究人員要有“科技頭腦”，增強對科技的理解力、運用力和鑑別力。軍事理論研究人員要及時掌握最新的科技發展動態，利用多學科交叉的跨界思維理解科技中蘊含的全部意義，發掘前沿科技的巨大軍事潛力；要注重將科學研究的方法引入軍事理論研究，借鑑大數據分析等方法來研究軍事理論，將定性研究和定量研究結合起來，克服原有軍事理論研究經驗主導和精確性不足的局限；與此同時，還要善於識破那些打著科技前沿名號的“偽科學”，看清競爭對手釋放的科技“迷霧”。其次，軍事科技研究人員要有理論思維。軍事科技研究人員要克服「技術決定論」的狹隘思維，認識到自然科學和社會科學是相互交織而非截然對立的，主動用科學的理論去指導軍事科研，同時注重對先進軍事理論的學習和研究，加強對戰爭形態和製勝機理的認識，深化對軍事技術應用價值和發展趨勢的理解。再次，建立健全理論人才與科技人才的交流合作機制。可綜合性研究課題為牽引，廣泛抽調各領域專家組成跨學科聯合課題研究組，發揮各自特長，在不斷地交叉碰撞之中點燃理論創新火花。不同類型的研究單位還可以互相選派人員進行交叉任職，促使理論人才和科技人才相互借鑑、共同成長，打通學科鏈、創新鏈，提升理論創新整體效能。

聚焦科技主導的軍事理論研究內容

軍事理論中雖然有著一些古今通用的原理，但具體內容會隨著時代和實踐的演進而不斷變化。當今世界，新一輪科技革命和產業革命突飛猛進，一系列高新技術的出現和在軍事領域的廣泛運用，引發戰爭制勝機理、制勝要素和製勝方式的深刻變化，為軍事理論研究提供了新的研究對象。

首先，要研究強敵對手。戰爭的對抗性決定了軍事理論研究必須緊盯強敵之變，爭奪軍事理論制高點。當前，世界主要大國正在針對前沿科技加緊開發新的作戰概念與戰術戰法，軍事理論研究要堅持“你打你的，我打我的”，以“解剖麻雀”的方式把對手的作戰概念、作戰方式和作戰能力搞清楚。同時要緊盯科技之變，加強開發新的作戰概念，實現從跟進研究到同步再到趕超，在軍事理論上形成非對稱制衡優勢。其次，要研究智能化戰爭。當今世界，顛覆性前沿科技的發展助推戰爭形態朝向智慧化演進，戰爭的時空特性和攻防模式已經發生深刻改變。軍事理論研究要聚焦智慧化戰爭，精確掌握智慧化戰爭規律與特點，積極預測科技對未來戰爭的影響，實現從被動適應戰爭轉變為主動設計戰爭。再次，要研究新質戰鬥力。科技的發展催生了新質作戰力量，改變了人和武器的結合方式，直接促成了新質戰鬥力的誕生。例如，未來戰場人機一體的聯合作戰行動將成為重要作戰樣態，極少數士兵帶領數量龐大的「蜂群」「魚群」「蟻群」進行智慧集群作戰成為可能。軍事理論研究要聚焦新質戰鬥力，在新興領域中抓住機遇，下好先手棋、打好主動仗，前瞻探索新質戰鬥力的生成路徑和釋放規律，以先進理論牽引拉動新域新質作戰力量建設，為加速新質戰鬥力的孵化與生成提供理論支撐。

打造科技支撐的軍事理論研究範式

智慧科學範式被稱為科學研究的“第五範式”，是一種以人工智慧技術為支撐，以融入人的價值和知識為手段，以人機共融為特徵的跨領域科學研究規範。進入智能化時代，大數據和人工智慧發展迅速，要求把「智能因子」全方位有機融入軍事理論研究實踐之中，開啟軍事理論研究的「第五範式」。

首先，探索以數據為中心的研究方法。人工智慧技術能夠大幅蒐集戰場情報數據，高效篩选和整合多源數據，實現跨域和跨場景數據非線性耦合和復雜關聯。要充分發揮人工智慧技術多元資料蒐集與多維資料處理的強大功能，打通軍事理論、技術、裝備等各要素之間的資料鏈路，實現各研究要素間以資料為中心的跨域協同增效，貫通理技融合的「底層通道」。其次，創新人機協同的研究模式。隨著機器智慧化程度的不斷提高，「人體主機從」的研究模式逐漸轉變為「人機融合」。人工智慧的全局知識和關聯預測能力正在幫助研究者突破傳統思維局限，消弭傳統領域分割，開啟軍事理論研究的「頭腦風暴」。要探索人機深度融合的創新模式，建立正和博弈的動態回饋機制，將研究者的非線性抽象思維與機器的強大算力優勢結合起來，實現知識整合與貫通、動態模擬與推演、前瞻分析及決策，為軍事理論研究提供最大智慧增量。再次，打造軍事理論「預實踐」平台。實踐是檢驗軍事理論成果的“試金石”，只有不斷地從實踐到理論再到實踐，才能實現軍事理論螺旋式上升。一方面，利用虛擬現實技術、人工智慧技術等先進科技手段建立虛擬實驗平台，透過推演、分析、評估等手段對作戰場景和戰鬥力生成過程進行模擬和模擬，在逼真的實驗環境中檢驗概念設計的實用性和可操作性，從而不斷完善和發展軍事理論；還可以利用生成式人工智慧生成「半事實」的作戰場景，以可視化的方式來直接展現戰鬥過程和結果，啟發軍事理論人員思維，縮短新理論生成週期。另一方面，綜合運用實兵演訓活動，在預設的未來戰場環境和作戰條件之下，進行綜合性作戰實驗，與虛擬實驗相互補充，提供更為可靠的預實踐量化數據，在更為接近實戰化的環境之中驗證與發展軍事理論。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16361834.html

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Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Chinese Army丨On Building an Innovative People’s Army: Only Innovators Win

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習近平強軍思想丨論建立創新人民軍隊：創新者勝

現代英語：

Only innovators win – on building an innovative people’s army

  1. Why is innovation the core competitiveness of an army?

The 19th CPC National Congress clearly proposed the epoch-making proposition of “building an innovative people’s army”, which is the first time in the history of the Party. From proposing to accelerate the construction of an innovative country to proposing to build an innovative people’s army, our Party has emphasized that innovation should be placed at the core of the overall national development and the overall military construction and development, highlighting the extreme importance and practical urgency of innovation for a strong country and a strong army. Innovation is the soul of a country’s development and progress, and it is also the soul of an army’s development and progress. To grasp innovation is to grasp development, and to plan for innovation is to plan for the future. President Xi Jinping stressed that innovation capability is the core competitiveness of an army, and that we must thoroughly implement the innovation-driven development strategy and increase the contribution of innovation to the growth of combat effectiveness.

The military field is the field with the most innovative vitality and the most need for innovative spirit. Marxism believes that war develops earlier than peace, and the military is in a leading position in many aspects of human activities. Advanced technologies are often first applied to the military field. At the same time, the military field is the field with the most intense competition and confrontation. There is always a life-and-death contest between the enemy and us, between attack and defense, spear and shield, and a war drama of wits and courage. If you are one step ahead of others in innovation, you can control others instead of being controlled by them. As Engels said, “Every great commander in the history of war who has created a new era by adopting new methods of warfare has either invented new material means himself, or has been the first to discover the correct method of applying new material means invented before him.” At the end of the 16th century, the British Navy applied new battleships and innovative naval tactics to defeat the Spanish “Invincible Fleet” in one fell swoop, ushering in an era of maritime hegemony; in the late 19th century and early 20th century, Germany applied the latest achievements of the Second Industrial Revolution to military construction and built the most densely populated railway network in Europe, greatly improving the military’s combat readiness and mobility. History has shown that only innovators can advance, become strong and win. Those who are conservative and complacent will miss precious opportunities and fall into strategic passivity.

Innovation capability is an accelerator for generating and improving combat effectiveness. The core of combat effectiveness is people. If people have strong innovation capability, they can “empower” various elements of combat effectiveness, thereby achieving the upgrade of combat effectiveness and forming the “optimal solution” to defeat the enemy. In the final analysis, the competition in war is the competition of innovation capability of both combatants, and the gap in combat capability is essentially the gap in innovation capability. In 1806, the Prussian army was defeated by the French army led by Napoleon in the Battle of Jena. Clausewitz, who participated in the battle, pointed out in summarizing the reasons for the Prussian army’s defeat that middle and senior officers rarely realized that the characteristics of war had undergone fundamental changes. “The Battle of Jena is not only an example of outdated style, but also an example of extreme lack of imagination caused by sticking to the old ways.” The lack of imagination reflects the shortcomings of innovation. If the innovation ability is improved, it will accelerate the formation of new driving forces for the development of combat effectiveness, maximize the vitality of various elements of combat effectiveness, and promote the geometric growth of combat effectiveness.

Our army has come to where it is today through innovation, and we will also rely on innovation to win the future. In the process of combining Marxist military theory, the practice of China’s revolutionary war and the construction of the people’s army, and the traditional Chinese military tactics, our party has relied on continuous innovation to gradually form a complete set of principles and systems for building and governing the army, created the strategy and tactics of the people’s war, and formed the unique advantages of our army. It can be said that innovation has been deeply integrated into the red blood of the people’s army and has become the most distinctive spiritual endowment of our army. In today’s era, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution, and military revolution are accelerating, providing us with a rare opportunity to catch up with the latecomers, and also putting forward higher requirements for our comprehensive implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy. In the past, the development of our military construction was mainly driven by investment factors, which was necessary under certain historical conditions. However, today, it is difficult to continue to rely on large-scale investment increases, which has limited effects and diminishing marginal utility. To keep up with the pace of world military development, break through the bottleneck constraints of military construction, and comprehensively create new development advantages, what is most needed is innovation, and the fundamental way out lies in innovation. We must start the new engine of innovation-driven development at full speed, make great efforts to grasp theoretical innovation, scientific and technological innovation, scientific management, talent gathering, and practical innovation, and establish a set of new military theories, organizational structures, equipment systems, strategies and tactics, and management models that are adapted to the requirements of informationized warfare and mission fulfillment, promote changes in the quality, efficiency, and driving force of our military construction and develop, truly accelerate, build high quality, and speed up the effective supply of advanced combat capabilities.

  1. Why should we vigorously promote the innovation of Marxist military theory?

In May 1938, the nationwide war of resistance had been going on for 10 months. Facing the massive attack of the Japanese army, the “national destruction theory” and “quick victory theory” were once very popular. Can China achieve the final victory? How can it achieve victory? How will the course of the war develop? These questions troubled people’s minds. At the critical juncture of the survival of the Chinese nation, Comrade Mao Zedong published the famous “On Protracted War”, which was like a ray of light, giving great encouragement and confidence to the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians who were fighting hard. All problems of the hostility between the two armies depend on war to be solved. A strong army must be guided by scientific theory. President Xi pointed out that we should vigorously promote the innovation of Marxist military theory, accelerate the formation of a military theory system that is contemporary, leading and unique, and provide scientific theoretical support for the practice of strengthening the military.

Scientific military theory is combat effectiveness. Military theory is a rational understanding and knowledge system about war, the army and national defense. Scientific military theory reveals the laws of war, the laws of war guidance and the laws of army building, guides the construction and use of military forces, has a profound impact on the elements of combat effectiveness, and leads the development of military practice. After the end of World War I, British military theorist Fuller proposed the theory of mechanized warfare, but it was not taken seriously. In the early days of World War II, the German army swept across Europe because of the tank cluster and the “blitzkrieg” theory. Although the weapons and equipment of the British and French armies at that time were almost the same as those of the German army, due to the obsolete and rigid combat theories, the British and French coalition forces soon fell into passivity and could only retreat from Dunkirk, and France quickly fell. Looking back at the history of military development, theoretical innovation has played a significant leading role in practical innovation. Mahan’s “sea power” theory, Douhet’s “air supremacy” theory, Tukhachevsky’s “deep and deep operations” theory, Graham’s “high frontier” theory, etc., have all led the military trend, promoted military reforms, and changed the face of war. “Thoughts precede actions, just as lightning precedes thunder.” Advanced military theory is an ideological weapon that correctly guides war. Whoever is one step ahead in military theory innovation is more likely to seize the initiative to win.

The key to the continuous growth and development of the People’s Army is that it always adheres to the guidance of advanced military theory. One of the important reasons why our army can fight and win battles is that it wins in theory and strategy, learns war from war, and explores laws from practice. During the Jinggangshan struggle period, our party developed the strategy and tactics of guerrilla warfare based on the characteristics of the enemy’s strength and our weakness, and preserved and developed itself. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression , our party implemented the strategic policy of “basically guerrilla warfare, but not relaxing mobile warfare under favorable conditions”, dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders, and strengthened and developed itself. During the Liberation War, our party did not care about the gains and losses of a city or a place, and exchanged space for time, and concentrated superior forces to fight a war of destruction, defeated the Kuomintang army, and ushered in the birth of New China. After Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan, he reflected on the military competition between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party for decades, saying that the reason why the Communist army was able to win the war was because it emphasized the distinction between the extraordinary and the orthodox, the virtual and the real, and the application of changes, and constantly promoted innovation. In long-term practice, our party has combined the basic principles of Marxism with the practice of China’s revolutionary war and the construction of the people’s army, created Marxist military theoretical achievements with Chinese characteristics, and formed Mao Zedong’s Military Thought , Deng Xiaoping’s Thought on Military Construction in the New Era, Jiang Zemin’s Thought on National Defense and Army Construction, Hu Jintao’s Thought on National Defense and Army Construction, and Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army, providing a scientific guide for winning the victory of China’s revolutionary war and promoting the modernization of national defense and the army.

Knowledge Links

Ten Military Principles

In December 1947, Comrade Mao Zedong put forward ten major military principles in his report “The Current Situation and Our Tasks”, the main contents of which are summarized as follows: (1) First attack the dispersed and isolated enemy, then attack the concentrated and powerful enemy. (2) First capture small cities, medium-sized cities and vast rural areas, then capture large cities. (3) The main goal is to destroy the enemy’s living forces, not to preserve or seize cities and places. ( 4) In every battle, concentrate an absolutely superior force to encircle the enemy on all sides, strive to completely destroy it and not let any escape. (5) Do not fight a battle without preparation or without confidence every battle, we should strive to be prepared and strive to be sure of victory based on the comparison of the enemy’s conditions and ours. (6) Carry forward the style of fighting bravely, fearing no sacrifice, fearing no fatigue, and engaging in continuous fighting. (7) Strive to destroy the enemy in the process of movement. At the same time, focus on positional attack tactics and seize the enemy’s strongholds and cities. (8) In the matter of siege, all enemy strongholds and cities with weak defenses must be seized resolutely. enemy strongholds and cities with moderate defenses and conditions that allow them to be seized must be seized immediately. All enemy strongholds and cities with strong defenses must be seized only when conditions are ripe. (9) Capture all the enemy’s weapons and most of the enemy’s personnel to replenish our own forces. (10) Make good use of the interval between two campaigns to rest and retrain the troops.

New military practice calls for new military theory. Theory comes from practice, and practice is the driving force for the development of theory. Military theory can only maintain strong vitality if it keeps up with the times and responds to practice. In recent years, emerging fields and battlefield space have been continuously expanded, high-tech has penetrated into the military field in many ways, the war form and combat methods have accelerated evolution, and new war and combat theories have emerged in an endless stream. The US military has proposed “network-centric warfare”, “global rapid strike”, and “all-domain warfare”, the Russian military has proposed “non-nuclear containment strategy” and “strategic air and space campaign”, and the Japanese Self-Defense Forces have proposed the “cross-domain defense” theory, etc., all of which are aimed at winning new military advantages through theoretical innovation. The rapid development of the new military revolution in the world and the in-depth advancement of our military strengthening and military rejuvenation practices have put forward urgent requirements for innovation in military theory and provided broad space. Our military construction and development are facing a large number of new situations and new problems, which urgently need to be answered theoretically. Whether it is innovation in military strategy, innovation in military science and technology, or innovation in other aspects of military, they are inseparable from theoretical guidance. It is imperative and urgent to accelerate the modernization of military theory. We must have a broader vision and a longer-term perspective, firmly grasp the issues of war and combat, promote innovation in military theory, and constantly open up new horizons for the development of contemporary Chinese Marxist military theory.

41. Why is science and technology the core combat capability?

In February 2018, a brand-new organization in the Chinese military, the Military Scientific Research Steering Committee of the Central Military Commission, was formally established. Together with the previously established Science and Technology Committee of the Central Military Commission, a new top-level structure for military scientific research work was established. The Academy of Military Sciences has been reorganized and reorganized. With the Academy of Military Sciences as the leader, the military and military scientific research institutions as the backbone, and the scientific research forces of colleges and troops as the auxiliary, our military’s new scientific research system is accelerating to take shape. This series of major measures marks a new step taken by our army on the road to strengthening the military through science and technology, and shows that our party’s understanding of the strategic position of science and technology in national defense and military construction has risen to a new height. President Xi profoundly pointed out that science and technology are the core combat effectiveness, and to promote the modernization of national defense and the military, we must activate the powerful engine of scientific and technological innovation.

Science and technology are the most active and revolutionary factors in military development. Marxism believes that science is a “powerful lever of history” and a “revolutionary force in the highest sense.” Scientific and technological progress not only profoundly changes human production and lifestyle, but also profoundly affects the direction of world military development, and fundamentally promotes the military development process in all aspects. Engels pointed out: “As soon as technological advances can be used for military purposes and have been used for military purposes, they immediately, almost forcibly, and often against the will of the commander, cause changes or even revolutions in the way of combat.” Looking at the world In the history of military development, the main technologies supporting military struggles include bronze smelting and iron casting in the cold weapon age, gunpowder and firearm manufacturing in the hot weapon age, internal combustion engines and electricity in the mechanization age, and computers and communications in the information age. The widespread application of science and technology in the military field will inevitably lead to profound changes in the shape of war and methods of combat. Every major scientific and technological innovation in history has initiated a new military revolution, and every military revolution has pushed military development into a new era.

Science and technology are an important basis for generating and improving combat effectiveness. The basic components of combat effectiveness are people, weapons and equipment, and the combination of people and weapons and equipment. Science and technology are not independent elements of combat effectiveness, but they are always integrated into and condensed into various elements of combat effectiveness in various ways and forms, greatly promoting the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. From a human perspective, in the development chain of “physical fitness-skill-intelligence” of military personnel, scientific and technological quality increasingly constitutes the most important factor in their overall quality. Without high scientific and technological literacy and military skills, even weapons and equipment cannot be operated. No, let alone being able to fight and win wars. From the perspective of weapons and equipment, it is the physical manifestation of science and technology in the military field. Science and technology have become a “multiplier” for the combat effectiveness of weapons and equipment. From the perspective of the integration of people and weapons and equipment, science and technology have spawned new military theories and prompted the continuous adjustment and reform of the military system. They are the “catalyst” to achieve the optimal combination of people and weapons and equipment. Generally speaking, the development and progress of science and technology is the main force that promotes the demise of the elements of the old combat effectiveness system and the construction of new combat effectiveness system elements, greatly shortening the cycle of generating and improving combat effectiveness, and promoting the leap of new quality combat effectiveness.

Science and technology have an increasing impact on the outcome of modern wars. At present, science and technology are developing faster and faster, and global scientific and technological innovation is unprecedentedly active. Major powers regard seizing scientific and technological advantages as a strategic measure to seek military advantage. The military game between great powers is largely reflected in technological subversion and counter-subversion, raids and counter-raids, offsets and counter-offsets. Once some technologies achieve breakthroughs, their impact will be disruptive, and may even fundamentally change the shape and methods of warfare, and fundamentally change the traditional offensive and defensive pattern of war. We are in a period of historical convergence where the world’s scientific and technological revolution and military revolution are developing rapidly, and the cause of strengthening and rejuvenating the military is in-depth advancement. Technology has never had such a profound impact on the overall national security and military strategy as it does today, and has never had such a profound impact on the construction and development of our military as it does today. We must promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance, give full play to the strategic supporting role of science and technology in our military construction, put national defense scientific and technological innovation in a more prominent position, adhere to the strategic basis of independent innovation, enhance scientific and technological awareness, innovation, and application capabilities, and strive to Seize the initiative in military development and the right to win future wars.

▶A big country like ours and an army like ours must take the initiative through independent innovation.

▶Real core and key technologies cannot be bought with money. Importing weapons and equipment is unreliable, and importing imitations will not go far.

▶Independent innovation must be fought for, and this battle must be won.

42. How to understand the promotion of a military management revolution centered on effectiveness?

In June 2020, with the approval of the Central Military Commission, the entire military held a strategic management training. This was the first high-level, large-scale training event organized by our military with strategic management as the theme. More than a month later, during the 22nd collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, President Xi clearly pointed out that it is necessary to update management concepts, improve strategic literacy, improve systems and mechanisms, smooth strategic management links, and substantively advance military management revolution. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission have placed the strengthening of military management in a strategic position, actively built a new military management system, and started a new process of revolution in our military management in the new era.

Whether the army can fight and win wars, management often plays a key role. No matter how good the theoretical guidance of an army is, no matter how good the weapons and equipment are, and no matter how many combatants there are, if the management is in a mess and all the elements cannot integrate and play a role, it will not be able to win the war, and it may even be impossible to win the war. Scientific and efficient management is of great significance for reducing military construction costs, improving military system operation efficiency, and enhancing combat effectiveness. During the Gulf War, the U.S. Department of Defense shipped about 40,000 containers to the frontline armies. Due to imprecise management and inaccurate support, many material categories and recipient information were unknown. More than 20,000 of them had to be reopened and counted until the end of the war. There are still more than 8,000 containers that have not been opened. Modern war practice has fully proved that as the military organizational structure becomes increasingly complex, professional division of labor becomes more refined, and military operations become more systematic, this requires us to pay more attention to the role of management in military operations and construction and improve the professionalization of military management. , refined and scientific level.

The purpose of the military management revolution is to improve the operational efficiency of military systems and the efficiency of the use of national defense resources. Military management is the overall and basic work of national defense and military construction. Its essence is to organically integrate all military units and elements to fundamentally improve the effectiveness of combat effectiveness. Extensive management is a prominent problem that has long restricted the development of our military’s construction. In particular, our military’s construction is at a critical stage of accelerating shifting gears and improving quality and efficiency. In addition, the construction management model has undergone great changes after the reform, and the promotion of efficiency-oriented The core military management revolution and improving the precision-oriented management system are the inevitable choices for strengthening the scientific management of the military. With efficiency as the core, all management practices are inherently required to adhere to quality first, efficiency first, and strive to increase the effective supply of combat effectiveness. To be precision-oriented means to achieve precise planning, precise planning, precise deployment, precise implementation, and precise inspection, and to apply the principle of precision throughout the entire process of all aspects of management. In advancing the reform of military policies and systems, our army has implemented fundamental changes in traditional management methods and proposed reform measures in strategic management, military expenditure management, organizational management, equipment management, material management, and troop education management. The purpose is to form a precise An efficient, comprehensively standardized, and rigidly constrained military management policy system will improve the operational efficiency of the military system, the effectiveness of the use of national defense resources, and the effectiveness of the construction and application of military forces.

Military management must tightly grasp the pivot of strategic management. As the highest-level management of national defense and military construction, strategic management is a macro-management activity that manages the overall situation, long-term management, and major events. It plans and designs the investment of military resources from the top level. Whether strategic management is scientific or not directly affects the quality and efficiency of national defense and military construction. Back then, we achieved “two bombs and one satellite” under very difficult circumstances. We spent much less money than foreign countries, but the efficiency was very high. The important reason was that we gave full play to our country’s institutional advantages and used systems engineering methods to organize In order to carry out this work, a unique strategic management mechanism was explored. Today’s acceleration of national defense and military modernization requires further strengthening of strategic management. A new strategic management system has been established, but the relevant systems and mechanisms are not yet complete. We must adhere to goal orientation, problem orientation, and result orientation, and further open up the strategic management link of “demand-planning-budget-execution-evaluation”. Among them, demand is the driving force, clarifying the direction and requirements of combat capabilities; planning is the leading role, determining construction goals and tasks and resource allocation; budget is the key, and is the “funding version” of the planning plan; execution is the focus, which is the implementation of construction projects and the allocation of resources. The application of input; evaluation is the support and the measurement of construction quality and efficiency. By improving the strategic management link, demand-driven planning and planning-led resource allocation will become rigid constraints on our military’s construction, forming a smooth and efficient strategic management closed loop to promote the high-quality development of our military’s construction.

現代國語：

唯創新者勝－關於建設創新型人民軍隊

39.為什麼說創新是軍隊的核心競爭力？

黨的十九大明確提出「建設創新人民軍隊」的劃時代命題，這在黨的歷史上還是第一次。從提出加速建設創新國家到提出建設創新型人民軍隊，我們黨強調要把創新置於國家發展全局和軍隊建設發展全局的核心位置，凸顯了創新的極端重要性和現實意義。刻不容緩。創新是一個國家發展進步的靈魂，也是一支軍隊發展進步的靈魂。抓創新就是抓發展，謀創新就是謀未來。習近平主席強調，創新能力是軍隊的核心競爭力，必須深入實施創新驅動發展策略，提高創新對戰鬥力成長的貢獻。

軍事領域是最具創新活力、最需要創新精神的領域。馬克思主義認為，戰爭早於和平發展，軍隊在人類活動的許多方面處於主導地位。先進技術往往首先應用於軍事領域。同時，軍事領域又是競爭和對抗最激烈的領域。敵我之間、攻與守、矛與盾之間，始終存在著一場你死我活的較量，一場鬥智的戰爭大戲。如果你在創新上領先別人一步，你就能控制別人而不是被別人控制。正如恩格斯所說：「戰爭史上每一位採用新戰爭方法開創新時代的偉大統帥，要么是他自己發明了新的物質手段，要么是第一個發現了運用前人發明的新物質手段的正確方法。 16世紀末，英國海軍運用新型戰艦和創新海軍戰術，一舉擊敗西班牙“無敵艦隊”，開啟了海上霸權時代； 19世紀末20世紀初，德國將第二次工業革命的最新成果運用到軍事建設中，建造了歐洲人口最密集的鐵路網，大大提高了軍隊的戰備性和機動性。歷史證明，只有創新者才能前進，只有創新者才能強大，只有創新者才能獲勝。保守、自滿的人就會錯失寶貴的機遇，陷入戰略被動。

創新能力是產生和提高戰鬥力的加速器。戰鬥力的核心是人。人如果擁有強大的創新能力，就可以對戰鬥力的各個要素進行“賦能”，從而實現戰鬥力的升級，形成克敵制勝的“最優方案”。戰爭的競爭歸根到底是參戰雙方創新能力的競爭，作戰能力的差距本質上就是創新能力的差距。 1806年，普魯士軍隊在耶拿戰役中被拿破崙率領的法軍擊敗。參與戰鬥的克勞塞維茨在總結普魯士軍隊失敗的原因時指出，中高級軍官很少意識到戰爭的特徵已經發生了根本性的變化。 「耶拿戰役不僅是風格落伍的一個例子，也是因循守舊而導致想像力極度缺乏的一個例子。”想像力的缺乏體現了創新的短板。創新能力提高，將加速形成戰鬥力發展新動能，最大限度激發戰鬥力各要素活力，推動戰鬥力幾何級增長。

我軍靠創新走到了今天，我們也將靠創新贏得未來。在馬克思主義軍事理論同中國革命戰爭和人民軍隊建設實踐與中國傳統軍事戰術相結合的過程中，我們黨依靠不斷創新，逐步形成了一整套建設和建設軍隊的完整原則和體系。了人民戰爭的戰略戰術，形成了我軍的獨特優勢。可以說，創新已經深深融入人民軍隊的紅色血液，成為我軍最鮮明的精神稟賦。當今時代，新一輪科技革命、產業革命、軍事革命正在加速推進，為我們提供了後來者追趕的難得機遇，一個地方，一個地方，以空間換時間，集中優勢兵力打一場毀滅性戰爭，打敗了國民黨軍隊，迎來了新中國的誕生。蔣介石退守台灣後，反思國共幾十年的軍事競爭，說共軍之所以能打贏戰爭，是因為強調了非凡與普通的區別。我們黨在長期實踐中，把馬克思主義基本原理同我國革命戰爭和人民軍隊建設實踐結合起來，創造了中國特色馬克思主義軍事理論成果，形成了毛澤東軍事思想、鄧小平軍事思想。國防與軍隊建設思想、胡錦濤國防與軍隊建設思想、習近平強軍思想，為贏得我國革命戰爭勝利、促進國防與軍隊現代化。

知識連結

十大軍事原則

1947年12月，毛澤東同志在《當前形勢和我們的任務》報告中提出了十大軍事原則，其主要內容概括如下：（一）先打擊分散、孤立的敵人，再打擊集中的敵人。的敵人。 （2）先攻占小城市、中等城市和廣大農村，然後攻占大城市。 （3）主要目標是消滅敵人的生力軍，而不是保全或奪取城市和地方。 （四）每次戰鬥，集中絕對優勢兵力，對敵人進行四麵包圍，力爭徹底殲滅，不放過敵人。 （五）不打無準備的仗，每戰都沒有信心，要努力做好準備，根據敵我情況的比較，力爭必勝。 （六）發揚勇猛、不怕犧牲、不怕疲倦、持續戰鬥的作風。 (7)力爭在運動過程中消滅敵人。同時，注重陣地攻擊戰術，奪取敵方據點和城市。 （八）在攻城方面，凡是敵方據點和防禦薄弱的城市，必須堅決奪取。凡是防禦力中等、條件允許奪取的敵人據點和城市，必須立即奪取。凡是敵人的據點和防禦堅固的城市，只有在條件成熟時才可以攻克。 （九）繳獲敵軍全部武器及大部分人員，以補充己方兵力。 （十）充分利用兩次戰役之間的間隙，對部隊進行休息和再訓練。

新的軍事實踐呼喚新的軍事理論。理論來自於實踐，實踐是理論發展的動力。軍事理論只有與時俱進、回應實踐，才能維持旺盛的生命力。近年來，新興領域和戰場空間不斷拓展，高新技術多方式滲透到軍事領域，戰爭形態和作戰方式加速演變，新的戰爭和作戰理論層出不窮。美軍提出“網路中心戰”、“全球快速打擊”、“全局戰”，俄軍提出“非核遏制戰略”、“戰略空天戰役”，日本提出“戰略空天作戰”。防禦」理論等，都是為了透過理論創新贏得新的軍事優勢。世界新軍事革命快速發展和我軍強軍興軍實踐深入推進，對軍事理論創新提出了迫切要求，提供了廣闊空間。我軍建設發展面臨大量新情況、新問題，亟待從理論上予以解答。無論是軍事戰略創新、軍事科技創新，或是軍事其他方面的創新，都離不開理論指引。加速軍事理論現代化勢在必行。我們必須以更廣闊的視野和更長遠的眼光，牢牢掌握戰爭和戰鬥問題，推動軍事理論創新，不斷開闢當代中國馬克思主義軍事理論發展新天地。

41.為什麼說科學技術是核心戰鬥力？

2018年2月，中國軍隊中一個嶄新的機構－中央軍委軍事科學研究指導委員會正式成立，連同先前成立的中央軍委科學技術委員會，立起了軍事科研工作的全新頂層架構。軍事科學院重新調整組建，以軍事科學院為龍頭、軍兵種科研機構為骨幹、院校和部隊科研力量為輔助，我軍全新的科研體係正在加速形成。這一系列重大舉措，標志我軍在科技強軍道路上邁出了新步伐，表明我們黨對科學技術在國防和軍隊建設中戰略地位的認識上升到新高度。習主席深刻指出，科學技術是核心戰鬥力，推進國防和軍隊現代化必須把科技創新這個強大引擎發動起來。

科學技術是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。馬克思主義認為，科學是“歷史的強大的槓桿”，是“最高意義上的革命力量”。科技進步不僅深刻改變人類的生產生活方式，也深刻影響世界軍事發展走向，全方位根本性地推動軍事發展進程。恩格斯指出：「一旦技術上的進步可以用於軍事目的並且已經用於軍事目的，它們便立刻幾乎強制地，而且往往是違反指揮官的意志而引起作戰方式上的改變甚至變革。」縱觀世界軍事發展史，支撐軍事鬥爭的主要科技，冷兵器時代是青銅冶煉、鐵器鑄造，熱兵器時代是火藥、火器製造，機械化時代是內燃機、電力，資訊化時代是計算機、通訊。科學技術在軍事領域的廣泛應用，必然引起戰爭形態和作戰方式的深刻變化。歷史上每一次重大科學技術創新，都開啟了一場新的軍事變革，而每一場軍事變革都把軍事發展推向新的時代。

科學技術是生成和提高戰鬥力的重要基礎。戰鬥力的基本構成要素是人、武器裝備以及人與武器裝備的結合方式。科學技術不是戰鬥力構成的獨立要素，但它始終以各種方式和形態融入並凝結在戰鬥力各要素中，極大地促進戰鬥力的生成和提升。從人的方面來看，在軍人「體能-技能-智能」的發展鏈中，科技素質越來越構成其整體素質中最重要的因素，沒有較高的科技素養和軍事技能，連武器裝備也操作不了，更別說能打仗、打勝仗了。從武器裝備來看，本身就是科學技術在軍事領域的物化表現，科學技術已成為武器裝備作戰效能的「倍增器」。從人與武器裝備的結合面來看，科學技術催生新的軍事理論，促使軍隊體制編制不斷調整變革，是實現人與武器裝備最佳結合的「催化劑」。總的來看，科學技術的發展進步，是推動舊戰鬥力體係要素消亡和新戰鬥力體係要素構建的主要力量，大大縮短戰鬥力生成和提高的周期，促進新質戰鬥力的飛躍。

科學技術對現代戰爭勝負的影響日益上升。當前，科學技術發展速度越來越快，全球科技創新空前活躍，主要大國都把奪取科技優勢作為謀求軍事優勢的戰略舉措。大國軍事博弈很大程度上體現為技術上的顛覆和反顛覆、突襲和反突襲、抵消和反抵消。有些技術一旦取得突破，影響將是顛覆性的，甚至可能從根本上改變戰爭形態和作戰方式，從根本上改變傳統的戰爭攻防格局。我們正處在世界科技革命和軍事革命迅猛發展、強軍興軍事業深入推進的歷史交匯期。科技從來沒有像今天這樣深刻影響國家安全和軍事戰略全局，從來沒有像今天這樣深刻影響我軍建設發展。必須推進高水準科技自立自強，充分發揮科技對我軍建設戰略支撐作用，把國防科技創新擺在更加突出的位置，堅持自主創新這個戰略基點，增強科技認知力、創新力、運用力，努力把握軍事發展主動權、未來戰爭制勝權。

習言習語

▶我們這樣一個大國、這樣一支軍隊，必須透過自主創新掌握主動。

▶真正的核心關鍵技術是花錢買不來的，靠進口武器裝備是靠不住的，走引進仿製的路子是走不遠的。

▶自主創新這口氣一定要爭，這場仗一定要打贏。

42.如何理解推進以效能為核心的軍事管理革命？

2020年6月，經中央軍委批准，全軍舉行戰略管理集訓，這是我軍首次以戰略管理為專題組織的高層次、大範圍集訓活動。一個多月後，在十九屆中央政治局第二十二次集體學習時，習主席明確指出，要更新管理理念，提高戰略素養，健全制度機制，暢通戰略管理鏈路，實質性推進軍事管理革命。黨的十八大以來，黨中央、中央軍委把加強軍事管理擺在戰略位置，積極建構新型軍事管理體系，開啟新時代我軍管理革命新進程。

軍隊能不能打仗、打勝仗，管理往往扮演關鍵角色。一支軍隊，理論指導再好，武器裝備再好，戰鬥人員再多，如果管理一團糟，各項要素不能集成發揮作用，也是打不了勝仗的，甚至可能是打不了仗的。科學高效的管理，對於降低軍隊建設成本、提高軍事系統運作效率、增強戰鬥力，具有十分重要的意義。海灣戰爭中，美國國防部給予前線陸軍運送的約4萬個集裝箱，由於管理不精細、保障不精準，許多物資類別、收件資訊不明，只得將其中2萬多個重新打開清點，直到戰爭結束還有8000多個集裝箱沒有打開。現代戰爭實踐充分證明，隨著軍隊組織結構日益復雜，專業分工更加精細，軍事行動的系統性大大增強，這就要求我們更加註重發揮管理在軍隊作戰、建設中的作用，提高軍事管理的專業化、精進、科學化程度。

軍事管理革命的目的是提升軍事系統運作效能和國防資源使用效益。軍事管理是國防和軍隊建設的全局性、基礎性工作，其實質就是要把所有軍事單元和要素有機整合起來，從根本上提高戰鬥力的生成效能。管理粗放是長期制約我軍建設發展的一個突出問題，特別是我軍建設正處在換擋加速、提質增效的關鍵階段，加上改革後建設管理模式發生很大變化，推進以效能為核心的軍事管理革命，健全以精準為導向的管理體系，是加強軍隊科學管理的必然選擇。以效能為核心，內在要求一切管理實踐堅持品質第一、效益優先，著力增加戰鬥力有效供給。以精準為導向，就是要做到精準謀劃、精準規劃、精準部署、精準落實、精準檢驗，把精準原則貫穿管理各方面全過程。我軍在推進軍事政策制度改革中，對傳統管理方式實行根本性變革，從戰略管理、軍費管理、組織編制管理、裝備管理、物資管理、部隊教育管理等方面提出改革舉措，目的就是要形成精準高效率、全面規範、剛性約束的軍事管理政策制度，提升軍事系統運作效率、國防資源運用效益及軍事力量建設運用效能。

軍事管理必須緊緊扭轉戰略管理這個樞紐。戰略管理作為國防和軍隊建設最高層次的管理，是管全局、管長遠、管大事的宏觀管理活動，從頂層規劃和設計軍事資源的投向投量。戰略管理是否科學，直接影響國防和軍隊建設品質效益。當年我們在十分困難的情況下搞成了“兩彈一星”，花的錢比外國少得多，效率卻很高，很重要的原因是充分發揮我國的製度優勢，用系統工程的方法組織了這項工作，探索了一套獨具特色的策略管理機制。今天加速國防和軍隊現代化，需要進一步加強戰略管理。新的策略管理體制立起來了，但相關制度機制還不完善，必須堅持目標導向、問題導向、結果導向，進一步打通「需求-規劃-預算-執行-評估」的戰略管理連結。其中，需求是牽引，明確作戰能力指向和要求；規劃是主導，決定建設目標任務和資源配置；預算是關鍵，是規劃計劃的「經費版」；執行是重心，是建設項目的實施和對資源投入的運用；評估是支撐，是對建設品質效益的衡量。透過完善戰略管理鏈路，使需求牽引規劃、規劃主導資源配置成為我軍建設的剛性約束，形成順暢高效的戰略管理閉合迴路，推動我軍建設高質量發展。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/10189839.html?big=fan

http://www.81.cn/zt/2023nzt/qmsrxxgcxjpqjsx/xxwd/16244461.html

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How Can Chinese Military Research Institutes Achieve “accelerated” Innovation in National Defense Science and Technology?

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中國軍事科學研究院所如何實現國防科技創新「加速」?

現代英語：

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution is accelerating, and emerging fields such as space and the Internet will become the focus of future competition. The rapid development of science and technology, the ever-changing weapons and equipment and combat methods have put forward new requirements for military research institutes to conduct full-domain battlefield research.

Standing at the forefront of the times, how can military research institutes promote the implementation of the national defense science and technology innovation strategy and transform scientific research results into real combat effectiveness? How can we achieve the transition from “squatting to running” to “jumping” in scientific and technological innovation and achieve “acceleration” in scientific and technological innovation? Please read the news investigation brought by the PLA Daily reporter from the National Defense Engineering Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences.

Defense Science and Technology Innovation: Forging a Powerful Engine to Enhance National Defense Strength

■China National Defense News reporter Pan Di and special correspondent Zhao Jie

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution is accelerating, and emerging fields such as space and the Internet will become the focus of future competition. The rapid development of science and technology, the ever-changing weapons and equipment and combat methods have put forward new requirements for military research institutes to conduct full-domain battlefield research.

President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation and vigorously improve the ability of independent innovation in national defense science and technology when attending the plenary meeting of the PLA and armed police delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress. Standing at the forefront of the times, how can military research institutes promote the implementation of national defense science and technology innovation strategies and transform scientific research results into real combat effectiveness? How can we achieve the transition from “squatting to running” to “jumping” in scientific and technological innovation and achieve “acceleration” in scientific and technological innovation? Please see the news investigation brought by reporters from the National Defense Engineering Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences.

Research direction——

We must work hard to study and strive for the future, and never lose our ambition

In late March, at a research institute of the National Defense Engineering Research Institute, researchers who had completed the experimental content of a project were busy collecting, organizing and analyzing data, which also meant that a forward-looking topic they had been studying had entered the finalization stage.

A few years ago, when the concept of a certain type of weapon was just proposed, researchers were keenly aware that with the continuous development of science and technology, once this type of weapon breaks through the technical barriers and is successfully developed, it will bring new challenges to the construction of national defense projects. Time waits for no one, and they have planned in detail the research direction of the subject and the key issues that need to be solved in combination with the current status of my country’s national defense projects. Today, the project team has basically mastered the damage effect of a certain new type of weapon on the target, and has proposed a new protection concept accordingly.

The successful completion of the project stems from the accurate aiming of the scientific research target, and the establishment of the scientific research direction is due to the keen insight and foresight of the scientific research team. This kind of forward-looking research is not an isolated case in the institute.

Engineer Han Yu recalled that as early as the 1980s, the research staff of the institute proposed the research direction of information warfare in the future war based on the development trend of warfare. After extensive data collection, investigation and understanding of the situation, and analysis of research rules, they outlined a forward-looking development blueprint for this research direction.

Thanks to the long-term research accumulation on informationized combat styles, after the institute formally established the relevant protection research laboratory last year, the laboratory’s researchers have been advancing related scientific research topics in an orderly and intensive manner.

The application and research cycle of a project is long, ranging from a few years to more than ten years, or even longer. If the research topic lacks foresight, the scientific research direction is not closely connected to the battlefield, and the results are difficult to help improve the combat effectiveness of the troops, it will inevitably cause a waste of manpower and material resources. In response to this situation, the institute clearly requires: “For research topics related to national defense projects, if they are not practical and forward-looking, they will not be allowed to be established.”

“Our research results usually have to be tested in the training ground, and the opinions and suggestions from the troops are summarized and collected on the feedback form, which provides an important reference basis for the next step of scientific research.” Wang Mingzhe, an engineer who is about to visit a certain test site, told reporters that in order to make the research topics stand the test of future wars, the researchers of the institute often go to plateaus and islands, and travel all over the country to investigate, inspect and demonstrate.

A few years ago, when conducting research in the army, researchers discovered that the camouflage cloth used by a brigade during a live-fire exercise was not conducive to camouflage and cover in special terrain. In response to the problem, researchers quickly organized a research project and designed a new information-based shielding system and cloth, making battlefield laying more convenient, faster, more confusing and concealed.

“When attending the plenary meeting of the People’s Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi stressed the need to pay close attention to the development trends of world military technology and weaponry. Indeed, conducting scientific research is like fighting a war. Only with a forward-looking vision can we win the commanding heights in overcoming difficult problems and seize the initiative for victory.” Speaking of the institute’s project approval standards, researcher Liu Ruichao said with emotion that scientific research in the field of national defense engineering must conform to the latest trends in combat styles and weapon development, and take one step ahead while being down-to-earth.

Scientific research talents——

How can the water be so clear? Because it comes from a source of fresh water.

“Look, these are the cracks that appeared after treatment…” On the afternoon of March 13, a laboratory of the institute was occasionally filled with the sound of machines roaring and explanations of experimental content.

In the laboratory, the reporter saw a soldier with gray hair in military uniform. Researcher Chen Anmin told the reporter that the old man was Gu Jincai, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the voice just heard outside the door was Academician Gu explaining the experiment content to the young backbone.

As an academician, the scientific research tasks are already very busy and there is no need for him to always be on the front line. However, Academician Gu, who is already 80 years old, still insists on patiently and meticulously teaching his apprentices and leading the team.

“Academician Gu and his group of veteran comrades have been working on the front line since the establishment of the unit, providing hands-on training and guidance to scientific researchers. I am especially grateful to the predecessors for their guidance and support in getting to where I am today.” Engineer Ma Dongliang is deeply impressed by the good atmosphere of the institute.

In 2009, Ma Dongliang was assigned to a research institute in the Central Plains. As a new employee, Ma Dongliang, who had not yet understood the content of his job, thought he would be assigned to do some “odd jobs” such as organizing documents. What he did not expect was that he was entrusted with an important task as soon as he arrived at the unit and participated in a major protection research project throughout the process.

“The project team is full of teachers with many books, and I, a ‘rookie’, can complete the project tasks?” Ma Dongliang recalled that he was both excited and terrified at the time. After working in the institute for a long time, he learned that the institute would formulate a capacity improvement plan for each key talent, formulate a targeted training plan for those with development potential, and cultivate a team of key talents through job training, sending students to study, cooperation and exchange, etc.

At the 2017 National Science and Technology Awards Commendation Conference, the project in which Ma Dongliang participated won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. What surprised him was that the project leader put him in the position of the seventh author after considering everyone’s contribution, which is not only an honor but also a spur and encouragement for young researchers.

“My contribution to scientific research has not been ignored just because I am young. This is also an important reason why our young backbones stay here to concentrate on scientific research. The evaluation of awards focuses on professional ability and contribution. When evaluating and adjusting positions, it is not based on awards or achievements, but on comprehensive evaluation.” Ma Dongliang told reporters that he is currently working on four projects at the same time, working more than 10 hours a day, and working overtime on weekends is the norm. As he said, this fair competition method and evaluation mechanism make them “excited” and “energized” to do scientific research here.

Like Ma Dongliang, there are many young backbones born in the 1980s who like the talent training atmosphere of the institute and engage in scientific research and have achieved success and development. Some have become senior engineers, and some have served as laboratory leaders. A large number of scientific research backbones have grown rapidly here.

Research conditions——

The phoenix will come to roost when the phoenix tree is lush and leafy.

If information technology is the “multiplier” of combat effectiveness, then scientific research conditions are the “incubator” that gives birth to innovative results.

During the interview at the research institute, the reporter found that the place where the researchers spent the longest time was the test site.

At a test site of the institute, the reporter met Associate Researcher Xu Xiangyun who was preparing the test content. He told the reporter that each research room has several laboratories or test sites built according to the needs of scientific research projects. In addition to purchasing local mature technology products, most of the equipment is independently developed. A new type of test equipment next to him was developed and put into use last year.

At the end of 2012, a new type of weapon was released abroad. According to information obtained by scientific and technological personnel, its attack performance and its destructiveness to protective projects are astonishing, and it is likely to cause many protective projects to lose their due effectiveness.

As it concerns the safety of national defense projects, researchers need to find out the relevant performance of this type of weapon as soon as possible, and to obtain the most accurate information, they need to conduct relevant tests. Because it is a new type of weapon, there is no alternative test method in China, and it often takes 3 years or even longer to apply for the development of test equipment. This practical problem made the researchers of the institute frown. What should they do?

“A special research team composed of academicians and experts will be established to work together to overcome difficulties.” After the researchers reported the situation, the institute also invited experts in related fields from all over the country to discuss the matter. After multiple scientific discussions, they immediately decided to start the development of the test equipment as soon as possible.

In 2015, the Institute developed a certain type of test equipment when most similar test equipment in China could only be used in a fixed manner. With the test equipment, the research team quickly began to apply for a certain evaluation test project. Today, the research team has successfully conducted tests such as weapon power research and target damage, and has proposed new protection concepts and structures accordingly.

“Today, a big challenge facing military research institutions is how to fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and innovation of researchers. We must try our best to provide researchers with advanced research conditions in a timely manner to ensure innovative research.” said the leader of the institute. In recent years, they have successively built an engineering comprehensive demonstration environment laboratory with an area of ​​more than 1,000 square meters and more than 200 sets of equipment and software, as well as dynamic and static load test platforms.

If you want to do your work well, you must first sharpen your tools. At present, while continuing to implement the tasks of scientific research conditions construction, the institute focuses on the current situation at home and abroad and the development trend of related majors, actively plans new scientific research conditions construction projects, and promotes the application of the “Major Underground Engineering Safety” National Key Laboratory. A project aimed at the protection technology research of the world’s cutting-edge weapons will be carried out in the newly built simulation test center…

Accelerate national defense science and technology innovation

■Weidong

At the plenary meeting of the PLA and Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integration innovation system, and vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology. This important thought profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development and points out the direction for the prosperity and development of modern military science.

In recent years, as the strategic commanding heights of science and technology have accelerated their development to the deep earth, deep sea and deep space, the forms of war and combat styles have undergone profound changes, and the process of transforming combat theories into battlefield actions and technology into equipment has continued to accelerate, and the cycle has been further shortened. Many military powers have seen the dawn of intelligent military transformation and have launched a new round of military technology innovation.

In the face of the ever-changing technological development, military research institutes must take the lead in the national defense science and technology game, take the opportunity of reshaping the military research system, stand at the overall height of ensuring victory in the informationized war, step up the strategic transformation, and firmly grasp the “bull’s nose” of independent innovation, so as to take the initiative in the grand journey of becoming world-class.

Qian Xuesen once said that national defense science and technology innovation must not be satisfied with “chasing tail” or “looking in the mirror”. Military research institutes should be bold in their ideas, have the courage to emancipate their minds, break the mindset, make macro plans for their long-term development, and optimize the top-level design. At the same time, they should also carry out forward-looking demonstrations of the needs for the development of national defense science and technology innovation, independently and proactively carry out basic, leading, and disruptive innovative technology research, keenly discover new directions and new fields for the generation of new quality combat effectiveness, and strive to stand at the forefront and be at the forefront of the world’s military science and technology competition.

It is the duty of the general to not forget to fight while defending; it is the duty of the soldiers to be well-prepared for training. Focusing on actual combat is both a goal and a guide. Military research institutes should firmly establish the idea of ​​research for combat, implement President Xi’s instructions and requirements of “facing the battlefield, facing the troops, and facing the future”, and follow the requirements of “improving joint combat capabilities and all-domain combat capabilities based on network information systems”. We should strive to conduct research in the way the war is fought and what is needed for the war, focus on improving the contribution rate of military research and innovation to the combat effectiveness of the troops, and continuously provide strong scientific and technological support for strengthening the army.

A first-class army needs first-class scientific research units, and first-class scientific research units need first-class talents. Only when talents emerge in competition can there be a burst of innovative vitality. Military scientific research institutes should always adhere to the awareness of talent cultivation as the main battlefield, highlight the cultivation of creative thinking and innovative capabilities of military scientific researchers, rely on first-class military talents to create first-class military theories and first-class military technology, and implant the winning genes for decoding future wars into the body of the army.

President Xi stressed that we should focus on the coordinated innovation of military and civilian science and technology in key areas. The fields of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment are the focus of military-civilian integration. As military research institutes, we should focus on meeting national strategic needs, integrating into the national scientific research system, strengthening the coordinated research of major projects, and strengthening the deep integration of industry, academia and research. Relying on the superior resources of the military and the local government, we should strengthen the strategic cooperation between the military and the local government, build a service platform for the joint research and sharing of national defense science and technology achievements, the joint construction and sharing of conditions and facilities, and the connection of common standards between the military and the local government, and form a new situation of open, integrated and innovative development of national defense science and technology.

Stride forward, reshape and reconstruct is not a minor repair, and must not be a small fight. We must seize the opportunity of the start, release the starting momentum, take steps and speed up in key areas, important directions and major tasks, and create new models and set new benchmarks as soon as possible, so as to take the lead in achieving leading results in the world military science and technology competition, occupy a number of strategic commanding heights and winning points, use first-class military technology to create a first-class combat offense and defense system, and gradually achieve the goal of building a first-class army.

(Author’s unit: National Defense Engineering Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences)

Military scientific and technological innovation should focus on basic scientific research, improve basic scientific research support capabilities, and lay a solid foundation for national defense scientific and technological innovation.

In recent years, we have made great progress in the field of national defense science and technology, but there is still a gap with foreign countries in some key technologies, mainly because the basic research is not solid enough, and there is still room for improvement in professional basic theoretical research, digital military simulation platform development, large-scale distributed numerical computing technology, etc. These factors have restricted the scientific research progress and development in the military field to a certain extent, affecting the emergence and breakthroughs of cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations.

Basic key technologies cannot be bought, and you will not get far if you rely on buying second-hand technologies from abroad. We should start from the aspects of top-level planning design, scientific research management system, and incentive mechanism for scientific researchers, attach importance to and support basic research work, carry out basic research work in depth, and enhance original innovation capabilities.

Military research institutions must break down the “barriers” between the military and civilian science and technology systems, and focus on collaborative innovation in military and civilian science and technology in key areas.

With the rapid development of high-tech weapons and equipment, the styles and forms of warfare are constantly changing, which puts higher requirements on battlefield construction. We must actively explore many disciplines such as earth sciences, high-tech equipment manufacturing, and automatic control, and study the construction of a full-domain intelligent battlefield.

Based on this, military research units need to cooperate with local governments to jointly carry out in-depth engineering research, integrate high-quality local military resources in the fields of electronic information, drones, artificial intelligence and bionics, and use the best scientific and technological resources in the country to build a modern military force system. For our national defense engineering field, we must attach importance to promoting the application of building information modeling (BIM) in military engineering and realize the informationization and refined management of engineering construction and operation and maintenance.

Innovation-driven development is essentially talent-driven. Whoever possesses first-class innovative talents will have the advantage and dominance in scientific and technological innovation.

At present, the most urgent need for strengthening national defense and military construction is talent; looking to the future, the core of achieving leapfrog development in military construction is still talent. Only by fully driving the talent training engine can we strongly promote independent innovation in national defense science and technology.

Many years of experience in scientific research have made me feel that talent cultivation is a systematic project and strategic task. We need to focus on the overall situation, strengthen top-level design, scientifically set up echelons, and strive to create a vivid situation where outstanding talents emerge and everyone competes to be a “maker” in the military camp. Talent cultivation has its inherent characteristics and laws. It cannot be achieved overnight or in a short period of time. We need to firmly establish a scientific concept of talent cultivation, with the ideological realm and confidence and courage of “success does not have to be mine, but the effort will not be in vain”, and work hard for a long time and continue to relay, so as to turn the talent cultivation blueprint into reality and provide solid talent support for the development of the military through science and technology.

Conducting military scientific research is like fighting a war. Only with a forward-looking vision can you gain the commanding heights in overcoming difficult problems and seize the initiative for victory.

In recent years, national defense science and technology at home and abroad has developed rapidly, the all-round reconnaissance technology integrating land, sea, air and space has been continuously improved, the use of troops and weapons supported by highly information technology on the battlefield and the emergence of new weapons have greatly changed the combat style and characteristics of future wars. Scientific researchers must deeply grasp and base themselves on the characteristics of future wars and carry out innovative scientific research in a targeted manner.

Specifically in the field of national defense engineering research, military researchers must keep up with the forefront of the development of world weapons and equipment and protection technology, and focus on preventing both “hard kill” and “soft kill”; they must pay attention to the protection of key parts as well as the protection of the overall system; they must do a good job in passive protection, and also track and study active protection and new weapon protection technologies, promote disruptive technological innovation, and strive to improve the battlefield survivability and combat support capabilities of national defense engineering.

現代國語：

目前，新一輪科技革命、工業革命、軍事革命正加速推進，太空、網路等新興領域將成為未來競爭的焦點。科學技術日新月異，武器裝備和作戰方式日新月異，對軍事科學研究院所進行全域戰場研究提出了新的要求。

站在時代前沿，軍隊科學研究院所如何推動國防科技創新戰略實施，將科學研究成果轉化為現實戰力？如何實現科技創新從“蹲著跑”到“跳起來”，實現科技創新“加速”？請閱讀解放軍報記者軍事科學院國防工程研究所帶來的新聞調查。

國防科技創新：為提升國防實力鍛造強大引擎

■中國國防報記者 潘娣 特約記者 趙傑

目前，新一輪科技革命、產業革命、軍事革命加速推進，太空、網路等新興領域將成為未來的爭奪焦點。快速發展的科學技術、日新月異的武器裝備及作戰方式，給軍科研院所提出了全域戰場研究的新要求。

習主席出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，加強國防科技創新，並大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。挺立時代潮頭，軍事科研院所如何推進國防科技創新戰略落地生根，把科學研究成果轉化為實實在在的戰鬥力？如何實現科技創新“深蹲助跑”到“起跳跨越”，跑出科技創新“加速度”？請看記者從軍事科學院國防工程研究院帶來的新聞調查。

科學研究方向——

躬身必以研為戰，望遠不墜鯤鵬志

3月下旬，在國防工程研究院某研究所，已經完成某專案試驗內容的科研人員正在緊張地進行資料的蒐集、整理與分析，這也意味著他們潛心鑽研的某前瞻性課題進入結題階段。

幾年前，某型武器的概念剛被提出時，科研人員就敏銳地認識到：隨著科學技術不斷發展，該型武器一旦突破技術壁壘研製成功，將會對國防工程建設帶來新的挑戰。時間不等人，他們結合我國國防工程現狀，詳細規劃了主題的研究方向和需要重點解決的關鍵問題。現今，本計畫組基本上掌握某新型武器對目標的毀傷效果，並相應提出新的防護理念。

專案成功結題的背後，源自於科研標靶的準確瞄準，而科研方向的確立得益於科研團隊敏銳的洞察力與前瞻性。這種具有前瞻性的研究在該研究院並非個案。

根據工程師韓彧回憶，早在1980年代，該研究院科研人員根據作戰發展趨勢，預見未來戰爭資訊化作戰的研究方向。經過廣泛收集資料、調查了解情況、剖析研究規律，他們為研究方向勾勒出前瞻性的發展藍圖。

得益於長期資訊化作戰樣式的研究積累，去年研究院正式組成相關防護研究室之後，研究室科研人員便有條不紊、緊鑼密鼓地推進相關科研課題。

課題申請立項與研究週期長，短則幾年多則十幾年，甚至會更長。如果研究主題缺乏前瞻性，科學研究方向對接戰場不緊密，出了成果也難以助力部隊戰鬥力的提升，勢必會造成人力物力的浪費。針對這種情況，該研究院明確要求：“事關國防工程的研究主題，不具備實用性前瞻性決不允許立項。”

「我們的研究成果通常要經過演練場檢驗，匯總收集部隊反饋的意見建議到意見反饋表上，為下一步科研攻關提供重要參考依據。」即將赴某試驗場考察的工程師王明哲告訴記者，為了讓研究主題經得起未來戰爭的檢驗，研究院的科研人員常上高原、下海島，走南闖北去研究、考察與論證。

幾年前，科學研究人員在部隊調查時發現，某旅在實兵演練過程中使用的迷彩遮蔽佈在特殊地形下不利於偽裝掩護。針對發現的問題，科學研究人員快速組織主題立項研究，設計出新型資訊遮蔽系統與遮蔽布，使戰場鋪設更加方便快捷，更具迷惑性和隱蔽性。

「習主席在出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，要密切關注世界軍事科技和武器裝備發展動向。的確，搞科研如同打仗，有前瞻性視野才能贏得攻克難題的製高點，把握勝利的主動權。 。

科學研究人才—

問渠哪得清如許，為有源頭活水來

「你們觀察一下，這是處理後顯現的裂縫…」3月13日下午，研究院某實驗室不時傳出陣陣機器轟鳴與講解試驗內容的聲音。

在實驗室裡，記者看到一位穿著軍服、頭髮花白的軍人。研究員陳安敏告訴記者，這位老者是中國工程院院士顧金才，剛在門外聽到的聲音就是顧院士在為年輕骨幹講解試驗內容。

身為院士，科學研究任務本就十分繁忙，完全不需要一直盯在一線，但已經80歲高齡的顧院士卻仍堅持耐心細緻地教徒弟、帶團隊。

「顧院士那一批老同志自單位成立以來就一直奮戰在一線，手把手地對科研人員進行傳幫帶。我能走到今天特別感謝前輩們的教導和扶持。」工程師馬棟良對研究院良好的氛圍感受頗深。

2009年，馬棟良被分配到地處中原地的某研究所。新到工作單位，還沒了解工作內容的馬棟良以為會被派去幹一些整理文檔的“雜活兒”，讓他沒想到的是，剛到單位就被委以重任，全程參與某重大防護研究課題。

「專案組裡都是著作等身的老師，而我一個『菜鳥』能把專案任務完成好嗎？」馬棟良回想當時的心情既激動又惶恐。他在研究院待久了才知道，原來研究院對每位骨幹人才都會製訂能力提升計劃，對有發展潛力的針對性製訂培養方案，透過崗位鍛鍊、送學培養、合作交流等方式，培養骨幹人才方隊。

在2017年度國家科學技術獎勵表揚大會上，馬棟良參與的這個計畫獲得國家科學技術進步獎二等獎。讓他既驚訝又意外的是，專案組組長綜合考慮每個人的貢獻後，將他放在了第七作者的位置，這對年輕科研人員來說既是榮譽，更是鞭策和激勵。

「並沒有因為年輕就忽略我在科研中的貢獻，這也是我們年輕骨幹留在這裡潛心搞科研的重要原因。評獎看重專業能力與所作所為，在評職調級時不唯獎不唯成果，而是依據綜合性評估。如他所說，這種公平的競爭方式與評價機制，讓他們在這裡搞科研「得勁兒」「有勁兒」。

而和馬棟良一樣，喜歡研究院人才培養氛圍而深耕科研，並取得成就與發展的「80後」年輕骨幹不在少數，有的成為了高級工程師，有的擔任了研究室領導，一大批科研骨幹在這裡快速成長起來。

科學研究條件——

梧桐枝繁葉茂，自有鳳凰來棲

如果資訊科技是戰鬥力的“倍增器”，那麼科研條件就是催生創新成果的“孵化器”。

在研究院採訪的日子裡，記者發現科學研究人員待得最久的地方就是試驗場。

在研究院某試驗場地，記者見到正在準備試驗內容的副研究員徐翔雲，他告訴記者，每個研究室都有幾處根據科研項目需求建造的實驗室或試驗場，除了購置地方技術成熟的產品，大部分是自主研發的設備，他身旁的某新型試驗設備就是去年研發投入使用的。

2012年年底，國外發布了一款新型武器，根據科技人員掌握到的情況，其攻擊性能及其對防護工程的破壞性令人吃驚，很可能會導致許多防護工程失去其應有的效用。

關乎國防工程的安全問題，科學研究人員要盡快摸清該型武器的相關性能，而要掌握到最準確的資料，需要進行相關試驗。由於是新型武器，國內尚未有可以作為替代的試驗手段，而要報項申請研發試驗裝備，往往需要3年甚至更長的時間。這個現實難題讓研究院科研人員皺緊了眉頭，怎麼辦？

「成立由院士專家組成的專題課題攻關小組，群策群力攻堅克難。」科研人員報告情況後，研究院還請來全國相關領域的專家探討，經過多方科學論證，他們當即拍板兒，盡快開展試驗設備的研發。

2015年，在國內大多數同類型試驗裝備只能固定使用的情況下，研究院研發出某型試驗裝備。有了試驗裝備，課題組很快就開始進行某評估試驗課題的申報工作。如今，該研究小組成功進行武器威力研究、目標毀傷情況等試驗，並相應提出新的防護理念和結構。

「如今，軍事科研機構面臨的很大一個難題，就是如何充分調動科研人員的積極性、主動性和創新性。我們要盡力為科研人員及時提供先進的科研條件，保障創新研究。」該研究院領導說。近年來，他們先後建造1000多平方公尺、200餘台（套）設備軟體的工程綜合論證環境實驗室、動載和靜載試驗平台。

工欲善其事，必先利其器。目前，該研究院在持續抓好科研條件建設任務落實的同時，著眼於國內外現狀與相關專業的發展趨勢，積極籌劃新的科研條件建設項目，推動“重大地下工程安全”國家重點試驗室等申報工作。瞄準世界前沿武器的防護技術研究的某個主題將在剛建成的模擬試驗中心開展…

跑出國防科技創新“加速”

■衛東

習主席在出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，要加強國防科技創新，加速建立軍民融合創新體系，大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這一重要思想，深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律，為繁榮發展現代軍事科學指明了前進方向。

近年來，隨著科技戰略制高點朝向深地、深海、深空加速發展，戰爭形態和作戰樣式深刻嬗變，作戰理論轉化為戰場行動、技術物化為裝備的進程不斷加快，週期進一步縮短。不少軍事強國看到了智慧化軍事變革破曉的訊號，紛紛啟動新一輪軍事技術革新。

軍事競爭唯創新者勝。面對日新月異的科技發展態勢，軍事科研院所必須在國防科技博弈中率先投子佈勢、走開棋路，以軍事科研體系重塑為契機，站在保障打贏資訊化戰爭的全局高度，加緊推進戰略轉型，緊緊扭住自主創新這個“牛鼻子”，才能在邁進世界一流的宏闊征程中下好先手棋，掌握主動權。

錢學森曾說過，國防科技創新絕對不能滿足於「追尾巴」「照鏡子」。軍事科學研究院所應大膽構想，勇於解放思想，破除思維定式，對其長遠發展進行宏觀規劃，優化頂層設計。同時，也應進行前瞻性國防科技發展創新需求論證，自主超前展開基礎性、先導性、顛覆性創新技術研究，敏銳發現新質戰鬥力生成的新方向新領域，努力在世界軍事科技競爭中站上前沿、走在前面。

守不忘戰，將之任也；訓練有備，兵之事也。聚焦實戰是目標，也是牽引。軍事科研院所應牢固樹立研為戰思想，貫徹習主席「面向戰場、面向部隊、面向未來」的指示要求，按照「提高基於網路資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全域作戰能力」的要求，努力做到仗怎麼打科學研究就怎麼搞，打仗需要什麼科學研究就搞什麼，著力提升軍事科學研究創新對部隊戰鬥力的貢獻率，不斷為強軍興軍提供強而有力的科技支撐。

一流的軍隊需要一流的科學研究單位，一流的科學研究單位需要一流的人才。只有人才競相湧現，才有創新活力迸發。軍事科研院所應始終堅持人才培養的主陣地意識，突顯對軍事科研工作者創造性思維、創新型能力的培養，靠一流軍事人才創造一流軍事理論和一流軍事科技，為軍隊的肌體植入解碼未來戰爭的致勝基因。

習主席強調，要突顯抓好重點領域軍民科技協同創新。國防科技與武器裝備領域是軍民融合的重點，作為軍事科研院所，應注重對接國家戰略需求，融入國家科研體系，加強重大項目協同攻關，強化產研深度融合。依托軍地優勢資源，強化軍地戰略協作，建構國防科技成果共研共享、條件設施共建共用、通用標準軍地銜接的服務平台，形成國防科技開放融合創新發展新局面。

闊步前進，重塑重構不是小修小補，絕不能小打小鬧。必須抓住開局契機，釋放起跑動能，在重點領域、重要方向和重大任務上把步子邁起來、速度提上去，盡快打造新樣板，樹起新標桿，從而在世界軍事科技競爭中率先取得引領性成果，佔據若干戰略制高點、致勝點，以一流軍事科技打造一流作戰攻防體系，逐步實現一流軍隊的建設目標。

（作者單位：軍事科學學院國防工程研究院）

軍事科技創新要聚焦基礎科學研究，提升基礎研究支撐能力，築牢國防科技創新的根基。

近年來，我們在國防科技領域取得非常大的進展，但在一些關鍵技術上和國外仍存在差距，主要是因為基礎性研究不夠紮實，在專業基礎理論研究、數位化軍事模擬平台研發、大型分散式數值計算技術等方面仍有待提升。這些因素都在一定程度上限制了軍事領域的科研進步與發展，影響著前沿引領技術、現代工程技術、顛覆性技術創新等方面的產生與突破。

基礎性關鍵技術絕對買不來，靠從國外買二手技術是走不遠的。若要從規劃頂層設計、研究管理制度、研究人員激勵機制等面向入手，實際重視與扶持基礎研究工作，深入進行基礎研究工作，提升原始創新能力。

軍事科研機構必須破除軍民科技體系之間的“藩籬”，突顯抓好重點領域軍民科技協同創新。

隨著當前高新技術武器裝備迅速發展，戰爭樣式和形態推陳出新，對戰場建設提出了更高要求，要積極探索地球科學、高新技術裝備製造、自動控制等眾多學科，研究全局智能戰場建設。

基於此，軍事科研單位需要和地方協同合作，共同做好深部工程研究，在電子資訊、無人機、人工智慧和仿生技術等高新科技研究方向，整合軍隊地方優質資源，用全國最優質的科技資源建構現代軍事力量體系。對我們國防工程領域而言，要重視推進建築資訊模型（BIM）在軍事工程的應用，實現工程建設與運作維護的資訊化、精細化管理。

創新驅動實質上是人才驅動，誰擁有了一流的創新人才，誰就擁有了科技創新的優勢和主導權。

著眼當下，加強國防和軍隊建設最緊張的就是人才；放眼未來，實現軍隊建設跨越式發展最核心的還是人才。全力驅動人才培養引擎，才能強勢助推國防科技自主創新。

多年的科學研究工作經驗使我感到，人才培育工作是一項系統工程和策略任務，需要著眼全局，加強頂層設計，科學設置梯次，著力形成優秀人才競相湧現、人人爭當軍營「創客」的生動局面。人才培育有其固有的特點和規律，不可能一蹴而就、短期速成，需要牢固樹立科學的人才培養觀，以「功成不必在我，而功力必不唐捐」的思想境界和信心勇氣，久久為功、持續接力，才能把人才培養藍圖變成現實，為科技興軍提供堅實的人才支撐。

搞軍事科研如同打仗，有前瞻性視野才能贏得攻克難題的製高點，把握勝利的主動權。

近年來，國內外國防科技快速發展，陸海空天一體的全方位偵察技術不斷提升，戰場中以高度資訊化技術為支撐的兵力武器運用以及新式武器的問世，大大改變了未來戰爭的作戰樣式和特徵，科學研究人員要深刻掌握並立足未來戰爭特點，有針對性地進行創新性科學研究工作。

具體到國防工程研究領域，軍事科研人員要緊跟世界武器裝備和防護技術發展的前沿，既要注重防“硬殺傷”，也要注重防“軟殺傷”；既要注重對要害部位的防護，也要注重整體系統防護；既要搞好被動防護，也要追蹤研究主動防護和新型武器防護技術，推動顛覆性技術創新，努力提升國防工程戰場生存能力和作戰保障能力。

来源：中国军网综合

作者：潘娣 赵杰等责任编辑：柳晨

2018-05-02 

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.81.cn/2018zt/2018-05/02/content_8020899.htm

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Accelerate Innovation & Development of Chinese National Defence Science and Technology Support Modernization of China’s Military

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加速國防科技創新發展支撐軍隊現代化

2023年11月26日07:00

現代英語：

President Xi Jinping emphasized that military scientific research has a strong exploratory nature, and innovation must be placed in a more prominent position, strategic planning and top-level design must be done well, innovation in military theory, innovation in national defense science and technology, and innovation in organizational models of military scientific research must be strengthened, and The engine of military scientific research and innovation is running at full speed. This important statement by President Xi profoundly reveals the importance of national defense scientific and technological innovation and is the fundamental guideline for promoting the development of national defense scientific and technological innovation under the new situation. We must launch the engine of innovation and development of national defense science and technology at full speed, promote the high-quality development of national defense science and technology, and provide strong material and technical support to achieve the centenary goal of the founding of the army and comprehensively build a world-class army.

Strengthen basic research towards the development frontier

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are taking place, and the world’s new military revolution is accelerating, ushering in the era of moving from informatization to intelligence, which will inevitably bring about major evolutions in the form of war, major adjustments in military strategies, The combat methods have undergone major changes and the combat forces have undergone a major transformation. To promote the innovative development of national defense science and technology, we must adhere to the forefront of the world’s military science and technology development, the major needs of building a strong military, and the future battlefield, conscientiously explore the winning mechanism of future wars, continuously increase the contribution rate of national defense science and technology to war preparation, deterrence and victory, and seize the future military Injecting strong momentum into the commanding heights of competitive strategy.

Aim at the forefront of the world’s military science and technology, keep up with the world’s new military revolution, especially the development direction of military science and technology, seize the opportunities arising from the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution, strive to narrow the gap in key areas, and measure innovation by obtaining comparative advantages. The fundamental standards for development are to select the breakthrough points and focus points of scientific and technological innovation, strengthen forward-looking planning and design, allocate limited resources to major technological research, concentrate superior forces, vigorously conquer key technologies in the military field, and master a number of independent intellectual property rights. core technology. From structural design to force ratio to scientific research projects, we should seize the main research areas, reflect the development frontier, form overall advantages, and actively seek strategic initiative and military advantages.

With the continuous development of science and technology, the characteristics of multi-disciplinary professional cross-clustering and multi-field technology integration have become increasingly prominent. Big crossover, big integration, and big breakthroughs have become the basic laws of the development of modern military science. To promote the innovative development of national defense science and technology, we must strive to improve technological cognition, dare to explore new paths in construction ideas and technological paths, open up channels for transforming technological chains into industrial chains, and enhance national strategic capabilities and weapons and equipment development capabilities. It is necessary to follow the essential requirements and inherent laws of national defense science and technology, stand in the context of the national innovation system and military-civilian integrated collaborative innovation, accelerate the establishment of a strategic, basic, cutting-edge, and open scientific research and innovation platform, and promote the direction of national defense science and technology. Military theory and military technology are closely integrated, basic research and applied research promote each other, and independent innovation and absorption and reference are emphasized simultaneously. Adapt to the requirements of national defense science and technology innovation and development, do a good job in basic management, and establish a basic supporting management mechanism to ensure the development of national defense science and technology innovation; strengthen project management, and strive to form a classified, efficient, flexible, adaptive, and sustainable management mechanism and work process; Broaden technology transformation channels, establish and improve policy systems and mechanisms for the transformation and application of national defense scientific and technological achievements, and promote the rapid transformation and application of national defense scientific and technological innovation achievements.

Practice has proved that basic research is the key to how high and how far national defense science and technology innovation can “jump” and “run”. Therefore, we must focus on innovative basic and applied basic research, build a rich scientific reserve, correctly grasp the relationship between basic research and technology application, and provide strong support for promoting the innovative development of national defense science and technology. First, basic research should be regarded as the leading project to promote the innovation and development of national defense science and technology, and be placed in a strategic position of priority development. Sufficient and stable funding investment should be maintained, advance layout and priority support should be provided in several major areas, and new concepts, new principles, and New methods, striving to achieve major breakthroughs in basic, cutting-edge and strategic fields. Second, we must adhere to the use of systems engineering thinking and methods, correctly understand and scientifically guide basic research and technology application practices, not only promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, but also cultivate new technological growth points to form “basic research, development and application, and achievement transformation”. , a closed link to integrated application and re-innovation. Third, we must open up channels for the transformation of national defense scientific and technological achievements as soon as possible, and promote scientific research achievements to take root in building a world-class army and serving in war preparations. Actively explore scientific research collaboration in the form of technology groups, project groups, etc., strengthen military-civilian communication and collaboration, smooth channels for technical needs, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements as soon as possible.

Establish scientific research as a battle orientation and win the future through innovation

Focusing on actual combat is the core goal of military construction. We must regard the fundamental traction of adhering to combat needs as an important guiding principle for the innovative development of national defense science and technology. We must always aim at the innovative development of military theory and military science and technology for tomorrow’s war, and explore the formation of military theories that keep pace with the development of the times and the country. A national defense science and technology innovation system that is adapted to security needs and meets future combat requirements.

To promote the innovative development of national defense science and technology, we must firmly establish the fundamental orientation of scientific research for warfare, conduct in-depth research on the characteristics, combat styles, operational focus and winning mechanisms under informationized conditions, persist in guiding basic research and exploration of strategic frontier technologies based on operational needs, and further improve Scientific research projects focus on systems and mechanisms such as preparation for war. At the same time, we must keep a close eye on future combat opponents, accurately grasp the evolution of war forms and the development trends of world military science and technology, constantly update ideas and concepts, and scientifically plan today’s preparations, design tomorrow’s wars, and win on future battlefields. .

Combat effectiveness has always been the decisive factor in the success or failure of the army, and combat effectiveness standards are the only fundamental standards for military construction. The rapid development of high-tech with information technology as the core has resulted in unprecedented profound changes in the complexity of offensive and defensive warfare mechanisms, and has had an unprecedented profound impact on the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. Therefore, we must regard independent innovation as an important factor, component and way of realizing the transformation of the combat effectiveness generation model, be good at discovering the potential driving force of new technologies for the development of combat effectiveness, and promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation in the great practice of comprehensively realizing the goal of strengthening the military.

In order to adapt to the requirements of winning informationized and intelligent wars and focus on effectively fulfilling missions and tasks, it is necessary to adhere to the strategic basis of independent innovation, improve the scientific research collaborative innovation mechanism, create an integrated innovation platform, and comprehensively promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation. First, we should regard the weak links of national defense science and technology as the main direction of promoting independent innovation, and at the same time increase the intensity of original innovation, focus on mastering key core technologies in some important fields and technological frontiers, and strive to build a system that can continuously increase national defense science and technology reserves and A national defense science and technology innovation system that can enable rapid transformation. Correctly handle the relationship between key technologies and general technologies, general technologies and special technologies, traditional technologies and high and new technologies, achieve overall consideration and rational layout, and achieve mutual support and coordinated development of various technologies and disciplines. Second, we must grasp the needs for the development of national defense science and technology innovation, focus on solving problems in the science and technology management system, demand generation mechanism, scientific research planning system, etc., improve the overall effectiveness of scientific research, and create strong vitality to promote independent innovation. Vigorously promote the sharing of basic technical resources between the military and civilians, and establish and improve military-civilian standardization coordination mechanisms and technical service mechanisms. Third, we must improve the scientific and technological collaborative innovation policy and system of universities, scientific research institutes, enterprises, and governments, maximize the advantages of all aspects, strive to create an integrated innovation platform, and form an overall synergy to promote collaborative innovation of national defense science and technology.

Implement the strategy of strengthening the army with talents in the new era to unleash creative vitality

Promoting the innovation and development of national defense science and technology ultimately depends on high-level talents. Without a strong team of national defense science and technology talents, independent innovation will be water without a source and a tree without roots. Therefore, we must actively adapt to the requirements of national defense science and technology innovation and development, and vigorously build a systematic and high-level talent training platform to allow more high-quality and professional talents to emerge.

Firmly establish the concept of “talents are the first resource”, insist on cultivating talents as a major political task, and use the insight to recognize talents, the true love for talents, the methods of gathering talents, the courage to use talents, and the mind to accommodate talents, Boldly use strategic scientists to support young scientific and technological talents to take on important roles and assume important responsibilities, and continuously strengthen the team of leading scientific and technological talents and first-class innovation teams. We must adhere to the joint efforts of major national defense science and technology construction projects and talent construction projects, boldly select, use and temper various talents in the practice of major projects and major tasks, cultivate and create a new generation of scientific and technological talents and leading talents, and build the field of national defense science and technology and equipment into a national It is a highland for innovative talents and a fertile ground for talents to grow and prosper, forming a vivid situation in which the creative vitality of national defense science and technology talents bursts out. Clarify the evaluation methods and standards for national defense scientific and technological talents, improve the differentiated evaluation and policy support mechanism for national defense scientific and technological talents, and build an evaluation system that conforms to the laws of national defense science and technology and the laws of talent growth. Reform the science and technology management and personnel system, let scientific research management keep up with the pace of scientific and technological innovation, truly free up hands and feet, free up time and build a platform for scientific researchers, and hand over the stage of scientific research and innovation to them with confidence, so that they can play the leading role in scientific research and innovation. , sing a big show.

A scientific and fair evaluation mechanism plays a fundamental role in stimulating innovation. Practice has proved that any major breakthrough in the field of basic research is inseparable from long-term accumulation and repeated failures. This is an inevitable law of scientific development. Therefore, in the process of scientific research and production of national defense technology and weapons and equipment, we must not only encourage scientific researchers to have fantastic ideas, but also tolerate their failures in exploration and practice. It is advocated that the implementation of various scientific research plans should not be based on the number of papers and patents as project goals, but should focus on the acquisition of original results and allow a certain failure rate. Conduct peer evaluation of basic and cutting-edge technology research, highlight medium- and long-term goal orientation and original value, strive to create a fair competition environment that encourages innovation, and make great efforts to activate the “pool of spring water” for the innovation and development of national defense science and technology.

Comprehensively implement the strategy of strengthening the military with talents in the new era, further enhance the vitality of talent team building, maximize the innovation power of national defense science and technology talents, and fully mobilize their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity. Follow the growth rules of high-quality and professional military personnel, create an environment that recognizes, loves, respects, and utilizes talents, formulates policies and systems that combine competition incentives and advocating cooperation, promotes the orderly flow and rational distribution of human resources, and serves local talents to serve national defense Build a good platform for science and technology construction, and strive to create a good situation where people can make the best use of their talents, fully display their talents, and make full use of their talents.

(The author is a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences)

(Editors: Wang Zifeng, Song Meiqi)

現代國語：

習近平主席強調指出，軍事科學研究具有很強的探索性，要把創新擺在更加突出的位置，做好戰略謀劃和頂層設計，加強軍事理論創新、國防科技創新、軍事科研工作組織模式創新，把軍事科研創新的引擎全速發動。習主席的這一重要論述，深刻揭示了國防科技創新的重要性，是新形勢下推動國防科技創新發展的根本遵循。我們要全速發動國防科技創新發展的引擎，促進國防科技高品質發展，為實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標、全面建成世界一流軍隊提供強而有力的物質技術支撐。

面向發展前沿 加強基礎研究

當前，新一輪科技革命和產業變革正孕育興起，世界新軍事革命加速推進，拉開了從資訊化向智慧化邁進的時代大幕，必將帶來戰爭形態大演進、軍事戰略大調整、作戰方式大嬗變、作戰力量大轉型。推進國防科技創新發展，必須堅持面向世界軍事科技發展前沿，面向強軍實踐重大需求，面向未來戰場，認真探索未來戰爭制勝機理，不斷提高國防科技對備戰懾戰勝戰的貢獻率，為搶佔未來軍事競爭戰略制高點注入強勁動能。

瞄準世界軍事科技前沿，緊跟世界新軍事革命特別是軍事科技發展方向，緊緊抓住新一輪科技革命和產業革命正在興起的機遇，努力縮小關鍵領域的差距，以取得比較優勢作為衡量創新發展的根本標準，選準科技創新的突破口和著力點，加強前瞻謀劃設計，把有限的資源配置到重大技術攻關上，集中優勢力量，大力攻克軍事領域的關鍵技術，掌握一批擁有自主知識產權的核心技術。從結構設計到力量配比再到科研項目，都應抓住主要研究領域，體現發展前沿，形成整體優勢，積極謀求戰略主動和軍事優勢。

隨著科學技術不斷發展，多學科專業交叉群集、多領域技術融合整合的特徵日益凸顯，大交叉、大融合、大突破已成為現代軍事科學發展的基本規律。推進國防科技創新發展，要努力提陞技術認知能力，在建設思路、技術路徑上敢於蹚新路，打通技術鏈轉化為產業鏈的通道，提升國家戰略能力和武器裝備發展實力。要遵循國防科技的本質要求與內在規律，站在國家創新大體系、軍民一體化協同創新的大背景下，加速建立戰略性、基礎性、前沿性、開放性的科學研究創新平台，推動國防科技向軍事理論與軍事技術緊密結合、基礎研究與應用研究相互促進、自主創新與吸收借鑒並重舉轉變。適應國防科技創新發展要求，搞好基礎管理，配套建立確保國防科技創新發展的基礎支撐性管理機制﹔加強項目管理，努力形成分類分級、高效靈活、自適應、可持續的管理機制和工作流程﹔拓寬技術轉化管道，建立並改善國防科技成果轉化應用政策制度機制，推動國防科技創新成果快速轉化應用。

實踐証明，國防科技創新能「跳」多高、「跑」多遠，基礎研究是關鍵。因此，要著力抓好創新性基礎與應用基礎研究，搞好豐厚的科學儲備，正確掌握基礎研究與技術應用的關系，為推動國防科技創新發展提供強力支撐。一要把基礎研究作為推動國防科技創新發展的先導工程，放在優先發展的戰略位置來抓，保持足夠、穩定的經費投入，在若干重大領域提前佈局與優先支持，探索新概念、新原理、新方法，力爭在基礎性、前衛性、戰略性領域取得重大突破。二要堅持運用系統工程的思維與方法，正確認識與科學指導基礎研究與技術應用實踐，既要促進科技成果轉化運用，又要培育新的技術成長點，形成「基礎研究、開發應用、成果轉化，到整合應用再創新」的閉合鏈路。三要盡快打通國防科技成果轉化的管道，促進科學研究成果在建設世界一流軍隊和服務備戰打仗中落地生根。積極探索以技術群、項目群等形式開展科研協作攻關，加強軍地溝通協作，暢通技術需求通道，促進科技成果盡快實現轉型。

樹立科研為戰導向 以創新制勝未來

聚焦實戰是軍隊建設的核心目標，必須把堅持作戰需求的根本牽引作為國防科技創新發展的重要指導原則，始終瞄準明天的戰爭創新發展軍事理論和軍事科技，探索形成與時代發展同步伐、與國家安全需求相適應、滿足未來作戰要求的國防科技創新體系。

推進國防科技創新發展，必須穩固確立科研為戰的根本導向，深入研究資訊化條件下的作戰特點、作戰樣式、作戰重心和製勝機理，堅持以作戰需求牽引基礎研究和戰略前沿技術探索，進一步完善科學研究項目聚焦於備戰打仗等製度機制，同時要緊盯未來作戰對手，準確掌握戰爭形態演變趨勢、世界軍事科技發展趨勢，不斷更新思想觀念，科學籌劃今天的備戰、設計明天的戰爭、制勝未來的戰場。

戰鬥力始終是軍隊興衰成敗的決定性因素，戰鬥力標準是軍隊建設唯一的根本的標準。以資訊科技為核心的高新技術迅猛發展，戰爭攻防作戰機理的複雜程度發生了前所未有的深刻變化，對於戰鬥力的生成和提高產生了前所未有的深刻影響。因此，必須把自主創新作為戰鬥力生成模式轉變的重要因素、構成要素和實現途徑，善於發現新技術對戰鬥力發展的潛在推動力，在全面實現強軍目標的偉大實踐中促進國防科技創新發展。

為適應打贏資訊化與智慧化戰爭要求，著眼有效履行使命任務，就要堅持自主創新的戰略基點，完善科研協同創新機制，打造融合創新平台，全面推進國防科技創新發展。一要把國防科技的薄弱環節作為推進自主創新的主攻方向，同時加大原始性創新力度，著力在一些重要領域和科技前沿掌握關鍵核心技術，努力構建既能使國防科學技術儲備不斷增加、又能使之快速轉化的國防科技創新體系。正確處理重點技術與一般技術、一般技術與專用技術、傳統技術與高新技術的關系，做到統籌兼顧、合理佈局，實現各類技術、各類學科相互支撐、協調發展。二要掌握國防科技創新發展的需求，重點解決科技管理體制、需求生成機制、科學研究計畫體係等面向問題，提昇科研整體效益，形成推動自主創新的強大活力。大力推動技術基礎資源軍民共用分享，建立完善軍民標準化協調機制與技術服務機制。三要健全大學、科研院所、企業、政府的科技協同創新政策制度，最大限度發揮各方面的優勢，著力打造融合創新平台，形成推動國防科技協同創新的整體合力。

實施新時代人才強軍戰略 讓創造活力競相迸發

推進國防科技創新發展，歸根結底要靠高水準人才，如果沒有強大的國防科技人才隊伍，自主創新就是無源之水、無本之木。因此，必須積極適應國防科技創新發展要求，大力打造體系化、高層次的人才培養平台，讓更多高素質、專業化人才競相湧現。

穩固樹立「人才是第一資源」的觀念，堅持把培養人才作為一項重大的政治任務，以識才的慧眼、愛才的真情、聚才的方法、用才的膽略、容才的胸懷，大膽運用策略科學家，支持青年科技人才挑起大樑、擔重任，不斷壯大科技領軍人才隊伍和一流創新團隊。堅持國防科技重大建設工程和人才建設工程一起抓，在重大工程和重大任務實踐中大膽選拔、使用、錘煉各種人才，培養造就新一代科技帥才和領軍人才，把國防科技和裝備領域打造成國家創新人才的高地、人才成長興業的沃土，形成國防科技人才創造活力競相迸發的生動局面。明確國防科技人才的評價方式與標準，完善國防科技人才差異化評價與政策支援機制，建構符合國防科技規律和人才成長規律的評價體系。改革科技管理與人事制度，讓科學研究管理跟上科技創新的步伐，真正為科研人員放開手腳、騰出時間、搭建平台，把科研創新的舞台放心交給他們，讓他們在科研創新中當主角、唱大戲。

科學公平的評價機制對於激勵創新具有根本性的作用。實踐証明，任何一個基礎研究領域的重大突破都離不開長期的積累和多次的失敗，這是科學發展的必然規律。因此，在國防科技和武器裝備科學研究生產過程中，既要鼓勵科學研究人員有奇思妙想，又要寬容其在探索實踐中的失敗。提倡各類科學研究計劃的實施不以論文、專利數量為項目目標，注重原創成果的取得，允許一定的失敗比例。對基礎和前沿技術研究實行同行評價，突顯中長期目標導向和原創價值，著力營造激勵創新的公平競爭環境，下大力氣激活國防科技創新發展的「一池春水」。

全面貫徹實施新時代人才強軍戰略，進一步增強人才隊伍建設活力，最大限度激發國防科技人才的創新動力、充分調動他們的積極性、主動性和創造性。遵循高素質、專業化軍事人才成長規律，營造識才愛才敬才用才的環境，制定競爭激勵和崇尚合作相結合的政策制度，促進人才資源有序流動、合理佈局，為地方人才服務國防科技建設搭建好平台，著力形成人盡其才、盡展其才、才盡其用的良好局面。

（作者係軍事科學院系統工程研究院研究員、博士生導師）

(責編：王之鋒、宋美琪)

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2023/1126/c1011-40125888.html

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China to Accelerate Improvement of Military Force Structure

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中國將加速改善軍隊結構

現代英語：

In his report to the 20th CPC National Congress, President Xi Jinping pointed out that we should comprehensively strengthen military governance, consolidate and expand the achievements of national defense and military reform, improve the military force structure, and systematically optimize military policies and systems. Improving the military force structure is an important part of comprehensively strengthening military governance and an inevitable requirement for promoting the modernization of the military’s organizational form in the new era and new journey. At present, the form of war is accelerating its evolution towards information-based and intelligent warfare. To improve the ability to win, it is necessary to further accelerate the improvement of the military force structure and provide strong support for winning military competitive advantages.

Prospective development trend of military force structure

The vigorous development of high-tech groups represented by artificial intelligence is accelerating the development of intelligent warfare. To adapt to the changes in the form of war, the military force structure is accelerating its transformation to an automatic empowerment, dynamic adaptation, and autonomous organization structure.

Transform from a control structure to an automatic empowerment structure. The battlefield environment in the future will be more complex and changeable, and the OODA cycle will be greatly compressed. Striving for time advantage and speed of action, and agile conversion of offensive and defensive situations will become an inevitable requirement for seizing the initiative in combat. In the traditional form of warfare, the military mainly exerts influence internally through management activities such as planning, organization, command, coordination, and control. Practice has proved that the layer-by-layer transmission organizational structure is not only slow in response, but also relatively conservative and rigid, and cannot adapt to the rapidly changing new environment. The future military force structure will accelerate its development in the direction of empowerment, and achieve the purpose of empowering capabilities and energy through more authorization. Compared with the traditional military force structure, it pays more attention to stimulating people’s autonomous capabilities and strives to maximize the talents and potential of individuals within the organization.

Transform from a solidified structure to a dynamic adaptive structure. In the traditional military force structure, the boundaries are fixed and clear, and the organization is stable and orderly. In the form of intelligent warfare, in order to adapt to the complex and changing external environment, the boundaries of the military force structure will gradually open up, and the internal subsystems will support rapid interaction of information, resources, creativity, vitality, etc. without destroying the existing structure, so as to run more smoothly. Compared with the traditional military force structure, the future military force structure must maintain a relatively stable appearance and architecture, and realize the free flow of information and resources within the organization. Through process reengineering, system integration and information openness, the timeliness, flexibility and innovation of the army will be enhanced.

Transformation from manual organization to autonomous organization. In the form of intelligent warfare, the types of combat forces have greatly increased, including multi-domain diversified combat forces from space to deep sea, from aircraft carriers to micro-robots, etc. The complexity of the system has put forward higher requirements on the depth and breadth of decision-makers’ thinking. It is difficult for commanders and staff groups to complete the most reasonable combat organization in a short period of time. Using intelligent command and control systems to organize combat organizations has become the best choice. Thanks to the powerful computing and analysis capabilities of artificial intelligence, the intelligent command and control system can comprehensively evaluate the type characteristics, combat readiness, and scope of application of combat forces according to combat missions and battlefield environment changes, and even combine the ability, quality, personality characteristics, personal experience and other factors of commanders. Through network calculation, it can be deduced that the combat organization with complementary advantages, balanced strength, and optimal efficiency is obtained.

Deeply understand the operation mechanism of military force structure

In the process of integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, artificial intelligence will be deeply involved in the entire process of military operations, which will have a profound impact on the operating mechanism of the military force structure and give birth to new mechanisms that are very different from traditional operating models.

The “complementary cooperation” operation of human-machine integration. Compared with humans, machines have obvious advantages in storage, computing and other capabilities, and have the characteristics of accuracy, speed, repeatability, and limited intelligence. In the era of intelligence, people’s positioning has gradually shifted to macro-control and indirect participation in combat, focusing on controlling strategic key content and nodes such as the timing of launching a war, scale level, style intensity, process development, and ending time. With the support of big data, network information systems and various algorithms, machines mainly complete activities such as data analysis, quantitative judgment, and trend prediction, quickly generate, optimize and evaluate combat plans, and provide humans with faster, more comprehensive and accurate decision-making assistance. Under normal circumstances, people have the final decision-making power in combat command, but in the near future, it may become a reality for machines to have the final decision-making power.

Intelligent embedded “process specification” operation. It is generally believed that “process specification” refers to the process of standardizing and standardizing the combat command and control process. In the “process specification” model, the subject responsible for specific execution is more likely to carry out activities in accordance with existing specifications and pre-settings. The real role is played by the designer of the process. Algorithms, models and other preset elements are the key to command and control activities. Compared with the traditional structural operation mode, the “process specification” model can enable command and control actions to run in an orderly manner under the established process by internalizing people’s target requirements, work specifications, combat plans, etc. into algorithms, models, and systems in advance. For example, in the intelligent situational awareness system, various tasks such as target search, tracking and positioning, and data collection can be carried out one by one according to the pre-set procedures. Although the relevant subjects involve various fields or departments, the operation of the entire system will be orderly under the unified algorithm specification.

Highly autonomous “results first” operation. “Results first” means that the output results of combat command and control activities are regulated and standardized, but no requirements are made for the process of the activities, that is, “only results, no process”. When the combat mission is too complex and the command and control process is not easy to standardize, it is necessary to formulate detailed and clear institutional norms to fully and accurately describe the final goal. The executors can take the initiative to decide the implementation method by themselves, and the structure will operate faster and more efficiently. Under the conditions of future information and intelligent warfare, the independent operation of unmanned systems, the adaptive organization of military organizations, and the task-based command method based on big data, cloud computing and network information systems have put forward higher requirements for the command and control mode. The “results first” mode is the best choice. In particular, some intelligent weapon platforms in the future will have autonomous decision-making power, and will be able to independently formulate tactical strategies, implement target detection, determine the order of target strikes, and perform a series of combat operations under the guidance of combat objectives set by humans.

Exploring practical paths for innovation in military force structure

Improving the military force structure is a dynamic development process with its own laws and implementation paths, and requires multi-domain advancement and in-depth development.

The size of the army remains stable and the composition of its forces continues to be optimized. Comrade Mao Zedong once pointed out that “any quality is expressed in a certain quantity, and without quantity there is no quality.” In today’s world, the size of the army is still an important indicator for measuring the strength of military power. It is a common practice for military powers to optimize their military forces on the basis of maintaining a certain scale. In recent years, major countries in the world have adjusted the organizational form of their armies, taking the development of new combat forces as an important support for leading the construction of the force system of their troops, adjusting and optimizing the military force system, and seeking new military breakthroughs. With an eye on future wars, military forces should continue to optimize and improve on the basis of maintaining a certain scale, increase the proportion of combat forces in new domains and new qualities, accelerate the development of unmanned intelligent combat forces, further highlight eliteness, strengthen the construction of intelligent logistics support forces, and build a lean, versatile, and efficient combat force structure.

The structure of the military services is cross-domain coordinated and integrated across all domains. As the combat space expands to network, electromagnetic, cognitive and other spaces, the structure of the military services is gradually integrated into an organic whole. In future wars, combat troops will not only need to perform combat missions in the physical space, but also need to deal with threats from network, cognitive and other spaces. The boundaries of operations between the military services will gradually blur. To adapt to this trend, the pace of innovation in the structure of the military services must be accelerated. Foreign militaries believe that the future innovation and development of the military services structure will be promoted in two ways: physical integration and virtual integration. First, a cross-domain combat force covering land, sea, air, space, power grid, and cognitive fields will be established, running through the structural boundaries of different fields, concentrating multi-domain combat capabilities based on a single domain, and generating deep joint combat capabilities. Second, the virtualization of the organization of each military service and the integration of capabilities. A single military service can aggregate the combat capabilities of multiple military services at any time, and achieve cross-domain integration of combat effectiveness while the combat forces are widely dispersed.

The combat force system takes into account specialization and synthesis. The development of future combat forces not only focuses on the subdivision of specialized combat force types, but also emphasizes the deep integration of multiple combat forces. With the expansion of war space and the continuous application of cutting-edge technologies, many new combat forces that adapt to unique combat styles will inevitably appear in various combat domains. The future integrated joint operations require the integration of various combat forces and close coordination between various professions. Therefore, the adjustment of the combat force system needs to start with cross-domain integration, accelerate the integration of combat forces, focus on promoting the integration of combat forces at the strategic, campaign, and tactical levels, the integration of horizontal functional fields, and the integration of combat and non-combat fields, so as to make the combat force system more scientific.

The new and old combat forces are organized into a multi-functional integrated system that enhances each other’s effectiveness. From the perspective of the development trend of world military transformation, although the status and role of new combat forces are constantly strengthening, traditional combat forces still play an important role. In the future, the innovation of military force structure should maximize the system synergy of new and old combat forces by adjusting the structure and optimizing the organization, extending the level of new combat forces downward, accelerating the integration of combat forces in the fields of network, space, cognition, and other fields with traditional combat forces such as land, sea, and air at the campaign and tactical levels, and deploying new combat force units at the campaign level, and dispersing them downward as appropriate, and connecting to the organizational sequence of various military forces at any time according to combat needs. (Tong Yunhe and Yan Xiaofeng)

(Editors: Chen Yu, Tang Song)

現代國語：

習近平主席在黨的二十大報告中指出，要全面加強治軍，鞏固拓展國防和軍事改革成果，完善軍隊結構，系統優化軍事政策和製度。完善軍隊結構，是全面加強軍事治理的重要內容，是新時代新征程推進軍隊組織形態現代化的必然要求。目前，戰爭形態正在加速向資訊化、智慧化戰爭演變。提升打贏能力，要進一步加速軍隊結構完善，為贏得軍事競爭優勢提供強力支撐。

前瞻軍事力量結構編成發展趨勢

以人工智慧為代表的高技術群的蓬勃發展，正推動智慧化戰爭加速走來。適應戰爭形態變化，軍事力量結構正加速轉向自動賦能型、動態適應型、自主編成型結構。

由控制型結構轉換成自動賦能型結構。未來戰場環境更加複雜多變，OODA循環週期大為壓縮，爭取時間優勢與行動速度、靈敏轉換攻防態勢成為奪取作戰主動權的必然要求。傳統戰爭形態下，軍隊主要透過計畫、組織、指揮、協調、控制等管理活動對內施加影響。實務證明，逐層傳遞式組織結構不僅反應速度緩慢，而且相對保守固化，無法適應快速變化的新環境。未來軍事力量結構將加速朝向賦能方向發展，透過更多授權達成賦予能力和能量的目的。其與傳統軍事力量結構相比，更重視激發人的自主能力，力求最大化組織內部個體的才智與潛能。

由固化型結構轉變為動態適應型結構。傳統軍事力量結構中，邊界固定清晰，組織穩定性秩序性強。智慧化戰爭形態下，為適應複雜多變的外部環境，軍事力量結構邊界將逐漸開放，內部各子系統之間在不破壞現有結構的情況下，支持資訊、資源、創意、活力等快速交互，以便運作更加流暢。相較於傳統軍事力量結構，未來軍事力量結構既保持相對穩定的外形和架構，又須實現資訊和資源在組織內部的自由流動，透過流程再造、體系整合和資訊開放，軍隊的時敏性、靈活性和創新性將得到加強。

由人工編成向自主編成轉變。智慧化戰爭形態下，作戰力量種類極大增多，包括從太空到深海、從航空母艦到微型機器人等多域多元化作戰力量，其體系複雜性對決策者思維深度和廣度提出了更高的要求，指揮和參謀群體很難在短時間內完成最合理的作戰編組，借助智慧指揮控制系統來進行作戰編組便成了最優選擇。由於人工智慧的強大運算和分析能力，智慧指揮控制系統能夠根據作戰任務和戰場環境變化，綜合評估作戰力量的類型特徵、戰備狀況、適用範圍，甚至結合指揮人員的能力素質、性格特徵、個人經驗等因素，可透過網算推演得出優勢互補、力量平衡、效能最優的作戰編組。

深度掌握軍事力量結構運作機理

在機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展過程中，人工智慧深度介入軍隊運作全流程，對軍事力量結構運作機制將產生深刻影響，並催生出與傳統運作模式迥異的新機制。

人機融合的「互補合作」式運作。相較於人類，機器的儲存、運算等能力優勢明顯，具有精準性、快速性、重複性、有限智能等特徵。在智慧化時代，人的定位逐漸轉向宏觀控制和間接參與作戰，聚焦戰爭發動時機、規模層次、樣式強度、進程發展、結束時機等戰略性關鍵內容和節點。而機器在大數據、網路資訊系統和各類演算法支撐下，主要完成數據分析、定量判斷、趨勢預測等活動，快速生成、優化和評估作戰計劃，為人類提供更快捷、全面、準確的決策輔助。通常情況下，人具有作戰指揮的最終決策權，但在不遠的將來，機器擁有最終決策權或將成為現實。

智慧內嵌的「流程規範」式運作。一般認為，「流程規範」是指對作戰指揮控制過程進行規範和標準化的過程。在「流程規範」模式中，負責具體執行的主體更多是按照既有規範標準和預先設定展開活動，真正發揮作用的是流程的設計者，算法、模型等預置要素是指揮控制活動的關鍵。相較於傳統結構運作模式，「流程規範」模式透過預先將人的目標要求、工作規範、作戰計畫等內化為演算法、模型、制度，能夠使指揮控制行動在既定流程下有序運作。例如，在智慧化態勢感知系統中，目標搜尋、追蹤定位、資料收集等各項任務可以根據預先設定的程序逐次展開，相關主體雖然涉及各個領域或部門，但在統一演算法規範下整個體系運行將井然有序。

高度自主的「結果優先」式運作。 「結果優先」是指對作戰指揮控制活動的輸出結果進行規範和標準化，但對活動過程不作要求，即「只求結果、不問過程」。當作戰任務過於複雜、指揮控制過程不易進行標準化時，需要透過制定詳盡明確的製度規範以全面準確描述最終目標，執行者可以發揮能動性自行決定實現方式，結構運作更加快捷高效。在未來資訊化智慧化戰爭條件下，無人系統獨立運作、軍隊組織自適應編組以及基於大數據、雲端運算和網路資訊系統的任務式指揮方式等，對指揮控制模式提出了更高的要求，「結果優先」模式便是最佳選擇。特別是未來部分智慧武器平台將具有自主決策權，能夠在人類設定的作戰目標指引下，自主制定戰術策略、實施目標探測、確定目標打擊順序，執行一系列作戰行動。

探索軍事力量結構創新實踐路徑

完善軍事力量結構編成是一個動態的發展過程，有自身的規律與實現路徑，需要多域推進、縱深發展。

軍隊規模保持穩定、力量組成持續優化。毛澤東同誌曾經指出，「任何品質都表現為一定的數量，沒有數量也就沒有質量。」當今世界，軍隊規模仍是衡量軍事力量強弱的重要指標，軍事力量在維持一定規模的基礎上進行優化是軍事強國的通行做法。近年來，世界各主要國家紛紛調整軍隊組織形態，把發展新型作戰力量作為引領部隊力量體系建設的重要支撐，調整優化軍事力量體系，尋求新的軍事突破。著眼於未來戰爭，軍事力量應在保持一定規模基礎上不斷優化完善，增加新域新質作戰力量比重，加快無人智能作戰力量發展，更加突出精銳化，加強智能化後勤保障力量建設，構建精幹、多能、高效的作戰力量結構。

軍兵種結構跨域協同、全域融合。隨著作戰空間向網路、電磁、認知等空間拓展，軍兵種結構也逐漸融為一體有機的整體。未來戰爭，作戰部隊既需要執行物理空間的作戰任務，也需要應對來自網路、認知等空間的威脅，軍兵種之間作戰的界線將逐漸模糊。適應這種趨勢，軍兵種結構創新必須加快腳步。外軍認為，未來的軍兵種結構創新發展將採取實體融合與虛擬整合兩種方式來推進。一是組成覆蓋陸海空天電網以及認知等領域的跨域作戰部隊，貫穿不同領域結構邊界，以單域為基礎集中多域作戰能力，生成深度聯合作戰能力。二是各軍兵種編制虛擬化、能力一體化，單一軍兵種能夠隨時聚合多軍兵種作戰能力，在作戰力量廣域分散的同時實現作戰效能跨域融合。

作戰力量體系兼顧專業化、合成化。未來作戰力量的發展既注重專業化的作戰力量類型細分，也強調多種作戰力量的深度融合。隨著戰爭空間的拓展和前沿技術的不斷應用，在各作戰域內必將出現許多適應獨特作戰樣式的新型作戰力量。而未來的一體化聯合作戰，需要各種作戰力量一體融合，各專業之間密切協同。因此，調整作戰力量體系需要從跨域融合方面入手，加快推進作戰力量一體化，重點推動作戰力量在戰略、戰役、戰術層級的融合，橫向職能領域的融合，作戰與非作戰領域的融合等，使作戰力量體系更科學。

新舊作戰力量編成多能一體、相互增效。從世界軍事變革發展趨勢來看，新型作戰力量的地位作用雖然不斷強化，但傳統作戰力量仍扮演重要角色。未來軍事力量結構創新，要透過調整結構和優化編組等方式最大限度發揮新舊作戰力量的體系合力，向下延伸新型作戰力量層級，加速網絡、太空、認知等領域作戰力量與陸海空等傳統作戰力量在戰役戰術層面的結合，編製戰役級新型作戰力量單元，並視情向下分散​​配屬，根據作戰需要隨時接入各軍種部隊編制序列。 （童蘊河 閔曉峰）

(編按：陳羽、唐宋)

2022年12月15日09:28 |

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.people.com.cn/n1/2022/1215/c1011-32587690888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #新興戰爭技術, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Command information Systems, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, National Defense and Military Modernization, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Majority of Chinese Military Officers & Soldiers Firmly Emphasize: Seize Historical Opportunity to Build a Strong Network Warfare Capability

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廣大官兵堅定強調：把握歷史機會建構強大網路戰能力

現代英語：

In recent days, the entire army and armed police forces have organized officers and soldiers in various forms to seriously study and discuss the important speech delivered by President Xi at the National Conference on Cybersecurity and Informatization. The officers and soldiers firmly expressed that they must earnestly study and implement the spirit of President Xi’s important speech, keenly seize the historical opportunity of informatization development, strengthen military-civilian integration in the field of cybersecurity and informatization, independently innovate and promote the construction of a cyber power, and make new contributions to winning the decisive battle to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, winning the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

From April 20 to 21, the National Cybersecurity and Informatization Work Conference was held in Beijing. Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and Director of the Central Cybersecurity and Informatization Commission, attended the meeting and delivered an important speech. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Tao

Seize the historical opportunity to build a strong cyber power

——Officers and soldiers of the entire army and armed police force earnestly studied and implemented President Xi’s important speech at the National Conference on Cybersecurity and Informatization

Beijing, April 23 (People’s Liberation Army Daily) – In recent days, the entire army and armed police forces have organized officers and soldiers in various forms to seriously study and discuss the important speech delivered by President Xi at the National Conference on Cybersecurity and Informatization. The officers and soldiers firmly expressed that they must earnestly study and implement the spirit of President Xi’s important speech, keenly seize the historical opportunity of informatization development, strengthen military-civilian integration in the field of cybersecurity and informatization, independently innovate and promote the construction of a cyber power, and make new contributions to winning the decisive battle to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, winning the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

“Informatization has brought a golden opportunity to the Chinese nation.” After studying President Xi’s important speech, the cadres of various departments of the CMC and the theater of operations were full of confidence. Many cadres mentioned in the discussion that President Xi’s important speech, starting from the overall situation of the party and the country, systematically explained the rich connotation of the strategic thinking of building a cyber power, scientifically answered a series of directional, overall, fundamental and strategic issues related to the long-term development of the cyber and information industry, pointed out the direction for grasping the historical opportunities of the information revolution, strengthening network security and informatization, and accelerating the construction of a cyber power, and provided a fundamental guideline, which is of great and far-reaching significance.

On December 25, 2015, when President Xi inspected the PLA Daily, he typed on the Weibo and WeChat publishing platforms of the PLA Daily and sent a Weibo to congratulate all officers and soldiers on the New Year; on the eve of the 2017 Spring Festival, when President Xi inspected the “Great Merit Third Company” of a certain army unit, he stopped in front of an electronic screen and listened to the officers and soldiers’ report on their study and education through the “Learning Barracks” mobile phone APP… President Xi’s concern for the military’s cybersecurity work has inspired the officers and soldiers. Everyone said that the Party Central Committee and President Xi attach great importance to the Internet, the development of the Internet, and the governance of the Internet, and have coordinated major issues involving informatization and cybersecurity in the political, economic, cultural, social, and military fields, made a series of major decisions, and put forward a series of major measures to promote the historic achievements of the cybersecurity cause. Officers and soldiers of a certain brigade of the Rocket Force said that the achievements made in the network construction of our country and the army fully demonstrate that the decisions of the Party Central Committee on strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the Party over cybersecurity work and the series of strategic deployments made for cybersecurity work since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China are completely correct.

In recent years, a certain brigade of the 74th Group Army has closely followed the characteristics of young officers and soldiers and actively explored new models of online political work, which has been welcomed by young officers and soldiers. During the discussion, Luo Yingli, an officer of the Propaganda Section of the brigade, said that we must actively promote innovations in online propaganda concepts, content, forms, methods, and means, grasp the timing and effectiveness, and unite and gather the officers and soldiers with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and work tirelessly to achieve the goal of strengthening the army.

During the study and discussion, Li Kangjun, instructor of the second missile company of the air defense battalion of a brigade of the 75th Group Army, said with deep feeling that the newly revised “Internal Affairs Regulations (Trial)” revised the regulations on the use of mobile phones and the Internet, and added new behavioral norms for military personnel such as online shopping and the use of new media. As soldiers, we must firmly establish a correct view of network security and strictly abide by the relevant regulations of the state and the military. Fan Jianli, political commissar of a brigade of the 80th Group Army, said that we must strengthen the network security protection of information infrastructure, strengthen the construction of network security information coordination mechanisms, means, and platforms, strengthen the construction of emergency command capabilities for network security incidents, and actively develop the network security industry to move the checkpoints forward and prevent problems before they occur.

Whoever masters the Internet will seize the initiative of the times; whoever occupies the commanding heights in informatization will be able to seize the initiative, gain advantages, win security, and win the future. Experts from the Academy of Military Sciences, the National Defense University, and the National University of Defense Technology believe that the integration of military and civilian networks is a key and frontier area of ​​military and civilian integration, and is also the most dynamic and potential area of ​​military and civilian integration. We must seize the historical opportunities of the current information technology revolution and the new military revolution, deeply understand the inherent relationship between productivity and combat effectiveness, the market and the battlefield, grasp the working mechanism and laws of the integration of military and civilian networks, and promote the formation of a pattern of deep integration and development of military and civilian networks with full factors, multiple fields, and high efficiency.

Studying President Xi’s important speech has given leaders at all levels a strong sense of mission and urgency. Leaders of a certain air force brigade of the Eastern Theater Command, a certain armed police unit, and the Shenyang Joint Logistics Support Center said that they should actively adapt to the requirements of informatization, strengthen Internet thinking, and continuously improve their ability to grasp the laws of the Internet, guide online public opinion, control the development of informatization, and ensure network security. The Party Committee of a Red Army Corps of the Xinjiang Military Region has decided to include Internet information work in the Party Committee’s key work plan and important agenda, and use the Internet to solve the problems of “difficult, slow, and complicated work” that officers and soldiers strongly reflect.

Talent is the key to promoting the construction of a cyber power. A scientific and technological personnel of a unit of the Strategic Support Force said that in today’s world, network information technology is developing rapidly and has become a competitive highland for global technological innovation. We must continuously improve our own capabilities and qualities, focus on cutting-edge technologies and key core technologies, and work hard to overcome difficulties. A group of people from the Party Committee of a combat support ship detachment of the South China Sea Fleet said that it is necessary to study and formulate an overall plan for the development of talents in the field of cyber security, promote the reform of the talent development system and mechanism, and let the creative vitality of talents compete and burst out, and their wisdom and talents fully flow.

Informatization brings new opportunities for strengthening the military in the new era. During the study and discussion, the officers and soldiers said that they should firmly establish the idea of ​​information-led and system construction, take positive and proactive actions, unswervingly take informatization as the development direction of the modernization of the military, take the network information system as a starting point, promote the leapfrog development of our military’s informatization construction, and comprehensively improve our military’s system combat capabilities.

(Reporter Zhang Kejin of the PLA Daily, special correspondent Wang Xuechao, correspondents Zheng Guangbin, Li Hengjian, Chen Hongjia, Wan Yongkang, Zhang Qiang, Yu Wenbin, Li Yunfeng, Meng Zhuolin, Li Jiahao, Tan Wenwei, Wang Yuting, Cao Zhiguo, Xu Fengfang, Hou Wei, Chen Zhi, Luo Kunkang, Li Guolin, Ma Yixun, Zhao Lei, Yang Guiliang)

現代國語：

來源：中國軍網綜合作者：張科進 等責任編輯：杜汶紋
2018-04-24

連日來，全軍和武警部隊以各種形式組織官兵認真學習討論習主席在全國網路安全和資訊化工作會議上發表的重要講話。廣大官兵堅定表示，要認真學習貫徹落實習主席的重要講話精神，敏銳抓住資訊化發展的歷史機遇，加強網信領域軍民融合，自主創新推進網絡強國建設，為決勝全面建成小康社會、奪取新時代中國特色社會主義偉大勝利、實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢作出新的貢獻。

4月20日至21日，全國網路安全與資訊化工作會議在北京召開。中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席、中央網路安全和資訊化委員會主任習近平出席會議並發表重要演講。新華社記者 李濤 攝

抓住歷史機會　建設網絡強國

——全軍和武警部隊官兵認真學習貫徹習主席在全國網路安全和資訊化工作會議上的重要講話

解放軍報北京4月23日電 連日來，全軍和武警部隊以各種形式組織官兵認真學習討論習主席在全國網路安全和資訊化工作會議上發表的重要講話。廣大官兵堅定表示，要認真學習貫徹落實習主席的重要講話精神，敏銳抓住資訊化發展的歷史機遇，加強網信領域軍民融合，自主創新推進網絡強國建設，為決勝全面建成小康社會、奪取新時代中國特色社會主義偉大勝利、實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢作出新的貢獻。

「資訊化為中華民族帶來了千載難逢的機會。」學習習主席的重要講話，軍委機關各部門和各戰區機關幹部信心滿懷。許多幹部在討論中談到，習主席的重要講話，從黨和國家事業全局出發，系統闡釋了網絡強國戰略思想的豐富內涵，科學回答了事關信事業長遠發展的一系列方向性、全局性、根本性、戰略性問題，為把握資訊革命歷史機會、加強網路安全和資訊化工作、加速推進網路強國建設指明了前進方向，提供了根本遵循，具有重大而深遠的意義。

2015年12月25日，習主席視察解放軍報社時，在軍報微博微信發布平台敲擊鍵盤，發出一條微博向全軍官兵祝賀新年；2017年春節前夕，習主席視察陸軍某部「大功三連」時，駐足一塊電子螢幕前，聽取官兵透過「學習軍營」手機APP開展學習教育的報告……習主席對軍隊網信工作的關心讓廣大官兵振奮不已。大家表示，黨中央、習主席高度重視互聯網、發展互聯網、治理互聯網，統籌協調涉及政治、經濟、文化、社會、軍事等領域資訊化和網路安全重大議題，做出一系列重大決策、提出一系列重大舉措，推動網信事業取得歷史性成就。火箭軍某旅官兵說，我們國家和軍隊網絡建設取得的成就充分錶明，黨的十八大以來黨中央關於加強黨對網信工作集中統一領導的決策和對網信工作作出的一系列戰略部署是完全正確的。

近年來，第74集團軍某旅緊貼青年官兵特點，積極探索網路政治工作新模式，受到青年官兵歡迎。討論中，該旅宣傳科幹事羅映力說，我們要積極推進網上宣傳理念、內容、形式、方法、手段等創新，把握好時度效，用習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想和黨的十九大精神團結、凝聚廣大官兵，為實現強軍目標不懈奮鬥。

學習討論中，第75集團軍某旅防空營導彈二連指導員李康君深有感觸地談到，新修訂的《內務條令（試行）》修改了移動電話和互聯網使用管理等方面規定，新增了軍人網絡購物、新媒體使用等行為規範。身為軍人，我們要牢固樹立正確的網路安全觀，嚴格遵守國家和軍隊的相關規定。第80集團軍某旅政委範建立說，我們要加強資訊基礎設施網路安全防護，加強網路安全資訊統籌機制、手段、平台建設，加強網路安全事件緊急指揮能力建設，積極發展網路安全產業，做到關口前移，防患於未然。

誰掌握了互聯網，誰就把握住了時代主動權；誰在資訊化上佔據制高點，誰就能夠掌握先機、贏得優勢、贏得安全、贏得未來。軍事科學院、國防大學、國防科技大學的專家認為，網信軍民融合是軍民融合的重點領域與前沿領域，也是軍民融合最具活力與潛力的領域。我們要抓住當前資訊科技變革和新軍事變革的歷史機遇，深刻理解生產力和戰鬥力、市場和戰場的內在關係，把握網信軍民融合的工作機理和規律，推動形成全要素、多領域、高效益的軍民深度融合發展的模式。

學習習主席重要講話，讓各級領導幹部產生了強烈的使命感和緊迫感。東部戰區空軍某旅、武警某部、瀋陽聯勤保障中心等部隊領導表示，要主動適應資訊化要求、強化網路思維，不斷提升對網路規律的掌握能力、對網路輿論的引導能力、對資訊化發展的駕馭能力、對網路安全的保障能力。新疆軍區某紅軍團黨委研究決定，將網信工作納入黨委重點工作計畫和重要議程，用網路解決官兵反映強烈的「辦事難、辦事慢、辦事繁」等議題。

推動網路強國建設，人才是關鍵。戰略支援部隊某部科技人員表示，當今世界，網路資訊科技發展日新月異，成為全球科技創新的競爭高地。我們要不斷提升自身能力素質，瞄準前緣技術和關鍵核心技術集中力量、刻苦攻關。南海艦隊某作戰支援艦支隊黨委一班人表示，要研究制定網信領域人才發展整體規劃，推動人才發展體制機制改革，讓人才的創造活力競相迸發、聰明才智充分湧流。

資訊化為新時代強軍事業帶來新機會。學習討論中，廣大官兵表示，要牢固確立資訊主導、體系建設的思想，積極主動作為，堅定不移把信息化作為軍隊現代化建設發展方向，以網絡信息體系為抓手，推動我軍信息化建設實現跨越式發展，全面提升我軍體係作戰能力。

（解放軍報記者張科進，特約記者汪學潮，通訊員鄭廣斌、李恆劍、陳洪佳、萬永康、張強、餘文彬、李雲峰、蒙卓霖、李佳豪、譚文偉、王雨婷、曹志國、徐風芳、侯偉、陳陟、羅坤康、李果霖、馬藝訓、趙磊、楊貴良）

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.81.cn/2018qgwlaq/2018-04/24/content_8014888.htm

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國的情報戰, 中國的耗散戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事應用與比特幣在未來戰爭中的應用, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍隊做好戰爭準備, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

China to Vigorously Strengthen National Defense Technology Innovation

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中國將大力加強國防科技創新

現代英語：

President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integrated innovation system, and vigorously improve the national defense science and technology independent innovation capabilities. This profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development, and points out the direction for comprehensively implementing the strategy of developing the military through science and technology in the new era, creating a new situation for strengthening the military, and promoting the modernization of national defense and the military.

In his important speech at the plenary meeting of the People’s Liberation Army and Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi Jinping pointed out that we should strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integrated innovation system, and vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology. This important thought profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development, points out the direction for comprehensively implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the military through science and technology in the new era, creating a new situation for strengthening and rejuvenating the military, and promoting the modernization of national defense and the military. It has great historical significance and far-reaching practical significance.

Vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology

Only innovators can win in international military competition. We must place innovation in an important position in the overall development of our military, firmly grasp the strategic basis of independent innovation in national defense science and technology, and significantly improve our independent innovation capabilities in national defense science and technology.

Strengthen basic research and key technology research for national strategic needs. President Xi stressed that real core key technologies cannot be bought with money, relying on imported weapons and equipment is unreliable, and taking the path of importing and imitating will not go far. Only by attaching importance to basic research can we always maintain independent innovation capabilities. We must attach great importance to original professional basic theoretical breakthroughs, strengthen the construction of scientific infrastructure, ensure the continuous advancement of basic, systematic, and cutting-edge technology research and technological development, and strengthen the source supply of independent innovation in national defense science and technology. Attach great importance to the development of strategic cutting-edge technologies, especially disruptive technologies, and strengthen forward-looking, leading, exploratory, and disruptive major technology research and new concept research. We must take the weak links in national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment construction as the main direction for promoting independent innovation, focus on breaking through core key technologies, strive to achieve overtaking on the curve, and realize the transformation from following and running side by side to running side by side and leading, so as to seize the strategic commanding heights of national defense science and technology innovation.

Increase the efforts to transform and apply advanced scientific and technological achievements. Exhaust knowledge to gain knowledge, and introspection to gain practical results. President Xi pointed out that only by combining scientific and technological achievements with national needs, people’s demands, and market needs, and completing the three-step jump from scientific research, experimental development, and promotion and application, can we truly realize the value of innovation and achieve innovation-driven development. The purpose of national defense science and technology innovation is application. It must serve the construction of the troops and military struggle preparations, and we must speed up the transformation and application of innovative and breakthrough achievements. The construction of weapons and equipment must be evaluated based on the contribution rate to the combat system, strengthen the guidance of combat needs, implement combat needs throughout the entire process of weapons and equipment development, ensure the actual combat applicability of weapons and equipment, and achieve an organic unity between development and application. The development of national defense science and technology must insist on focusing on actual combat and serving the troops, so that scientific and technological innovation can be well connected and focused with the development of troop construction, and the results of innovation can be transformed into real combat power, promoting the transformation of our military construction towards quality, efficiency and technology intensiveness.

Accelerate the construction of a national defense science and technology innovation system. The 19th CPC National Congress report clearly proposed to strengthen the construction of the national innovation system and enhance strategic scientific and technological strength. The national defense science and technology innovation system should be incorporated into the construction of the national innovation system to enhance the ability of original innovation, integrated innovation, and introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation. Accelerate the construction of innovation infrastructure platforms, promote the military-civilian integration of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment, and consolidate the basic projects of the national defense science and technology innovation system. Accelerate the training of leading talents in national defense science and technology innovation, build a high-quality new military talent team, focus on training joint combat command talents and new combat force talents, and strengthen the intellectual support of the national defense science and technology innovation system. We will vigorously foster an innovative culture and create an atmosphere of innovation in national defense science and technology that encourages innovation, encourages success, and tolerates failure, so that creativity and innovation will become a trend in the military.

Focus on joint innovation of military and civilian science and technology

The development of military-civilian integration is the only way to achieve the balance between development and security, and the unity of enriching the country and strengthening the military. Vigorously carrying out military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation will help promote the transformation of economic development mode and economic structure adjustment, and will help enhance the country’s war potential and national defense strength.

Do a good job in top-level design and strategic planning. The implementation of any strategy must be planned first and planned ahead. Military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation involves the two major systems of the military and the local government and the interests of multiple parties. It is a major strategic project and a long-term and arduous task. We must firmly grasp the focus of strengthening top-level design and draw up a grand blueprint for the military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation system. On the premise of in-depth understanding and grasp of the military-civilian integration strategy, clarify the development status, target orientation, basic principles, etc. of military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation, adhere to scientific coordination, practical guidance, system argumentation, and strengthen legal protection. Comprehensive layout and strategic planning should be carried out to ensure that major national strategic plans, major policies and regulations fully integrate the needs of national defense and military construction, and that the military construction and development plans are aligned with the overall deployment of economic and social development. We should adhere to forward-looking planning, take major scientific and technological projects as the guide, and take the advantages of basic research and strategic high-tech research as the breakthrough point to seize the scientific and technological commanding heights to promote the generation of combat effectiveness and the transformation of economic development methods.

Promote the integrated demonstration and implementation of major scientific and technological projects. The Party Central Committee has determined my country’s long-term strategy for science and technology towards 2030 and decided to implement a number of major scientific and technological projects and engineering projects, which will not only help my country break the situation of being controlled by others in major key core technologies in strategic areas, but also help open up new industrial development directions and cultivate new economic growth points. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Party emphasized the expansion and implementation of major national scientific and technological projects, highlighting key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations. National defense science and technology innovation should pay close attention to the development trends of world military science and technology and weapons and equipment, focus on the country’s major strategic needs, adhere to what to do and what not to do, and timely track, adjust and optimize the deployed major scientific and technological projects and engineering projects to form a systematic layout of succession in stages.

Deepen and expand the military-civilian integration in emerging fields such as ocean, space, cyberspace, biology, and new energy. As the boundaries of scientific exploration become farther and farther, emerging fields such as “three depths and one pole” have become new focuses of strategic competition among major powers. Among them, the deep sea has become a new battlefield with potential opportunities for victory, deep space has become a new strategic fulcrum, the deep blue has opened the “Pandora’s box” of the cyberspace battlefield, and the polar regions have become a battleground for strategic games among powerful countries. Emerging fields are a unified whole of cognitive domain, physical domain, information domain, and industrial domain, and have natural military and civilian attributes. In recent years, countries around the world have generally regarded accelerating the development of military-civilian integration in emerging fields as an important measure to seize the commanding heights of international strategic games. The United States has intensively released the “National Innovation Strategy of the United States” and the “Federal Big Data Research and Development Strategic Plan”, and Russia has issued the “Russian Federation Science and Technology Development Plan”, etc., and has established a military-civilian integration development model in emerging fields. It is necessary to accelerate the formation of a multi-dimensional, coordinated and leapfrog development pattern of military-civilian integration in emerging fields through the joint construction of military and civilian facilities, the sharing of military and civilian technology, and the sharing of military and civilian information, deepen and expand military-civilian integration in emerging fields, and work together to build a strong maritime, aerospace, and cyber power.

Optimize the allocation of technological innovation resources

With the continuous development of science and technology, the characteristics of multi-disciplinary professional cross-clustering and multi-field technology integration are becoming increasingly prominent. We must rely on team strength to pool wisdom and tackle key problems, and integrate scientific research forces and innovative resources to maximize the advantages of all aspects and form an overall synergy to promote national defense science and technology innovation.

Strengthen open sharing to break the closed monopoly. We must firmly grasp the “hard bones” of national defense science and technology innovation and overcome difficulties, focus on strengthening the overall coordination of scientific and technological innovation, and strive to overcome the fragmentation of resources such as scattered and closed resources, cross-duplication, etc. in scientific and technological innovation activities in various fields, departments, and aspects, and avoid “islands” in innovation. Remove all kinds of visible and invisible fences, break the closed monopoly, do a good job in demand docking, planning docking, and task docking, and accelerate the establishment and improvement of an open and shared platform for innovative resources that organically interacts with all subjects, aspects, and links, and collaborates and is efficient, so as to maximize the realization of co-construction, sharing, and sharing. We must focus on improving the basic system of scientific and technological innovation, accelerate the establishment and improvement of the national science and technology reporting system, innovation investigation system, and national science and technology management information system, and significantly improve the level of open sharing of scientific and technological resources.

Deepen the reform of the defense science and technology system and mechanism. If scientific and technological innovation is compared to the new engine of my country’s development, then reform is the indispensable ignition system to ignite this new engine. The loose connection between science and technology and the economy has been a major chronic disease in my country’s science and technology development for many years. To solve this problem, we must take the reform of mechanisms and policies and systems as the starting point, resolutely demolish barriers, break the ice, remove thresholds, break down institutional barriers and interest shackles, build a systematic and complete science and technology military-civilian integration policy and system system, and promote the deep integration of science and technology with economic and social development. We must break through the barriers of the defense science and technology system and mechanism that restrict the organic integration of production, learning, research and application, improve the defense science and technology innovation service support system, and strengthen the use and protection of defense intellectual property rights. We should speed up the establishment of a scientific and technological decision-making mechanism in which scientific and technological consultation supports administrative decision-making, reform the scientific and technological evaluation system, and improve the resource allocation method and scientific and technological innovation incentive mechanism that conform to the laws of scientific and technological innovation. Only when the wheels of scientific and technological innovation and the wheels of institutional mechanism innovation turn together can the national defense scientific and technological innovation capability be greatly improved.

Tap into the potential for innovation in national defense science and technology. In today’s world of globalization, informatization, and networking, innovation factors are more open and mobile, and scientific and technological innovation is endless. We must improve the national defense science and technology innovation governance system, fully mobilize the initiative of innovation subjects, unleash the vitality of various innovation factors, make good use of all high-quality resources and advanced achievements in society, tap into all potential for scientific and technological innovation, and organically integrate national defense and military construction into the economic and social development system. Against the backdrop of economic and technological globalization, innovative resources are flowing rapidly around the world, and the links between countries are becoming increasingly close. No country can solve all innovation problems in isolation and on its own. We must adhere to open and inclusive independent innovation, and actively absorb innovative resources and achievements that can improve the efficiency of military construction and enhance the combat effectiveness of the military. Deepen international exchanges and cooperation, make full use of global innovation resources, and promote independent innovation in national defense science and technology from a higher starting point.

(Author’s unit: College of Arts and Sciences, National Defense University of Science and Technology)

現代國語：

——學習習主席在十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議上的重要講話
來源：解放軍報 作者：楊愛華 責任編輯：喬楠楠 2018-03-28 08:39:38
習主席強調，加強國防科技創新，加速建設軍民融合創新體系，大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律，為新時代全面實施科技興軍戰略，開創強軍興軍新局面，推進國防和軍隊現代化建設指明了前進方向

習主席在十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議上的重要講話中指出，要加強國防科技創新，加速建設軍民融合創新體系，大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這一重要思想，深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律，為新時代全面實施科技興軍戰略，開創強軍興軍新局面，推進國防和軍隊現代化建設指明了前進方向，具有重大歷史意義與深遠現實意義。

大力提升國防科技自主創新能力

國際軍事競爭唯創新者勝，必須把創新擺在我軍建設發展全局的重要位置，牢牢扭轉國防科技自主創新這個戰略基點，大幅提升國防科技自主創新能力。

加強面向國家戰略需求的基礎研究和關鍵技術研究。習主席強調，真正的核心關鍵技術是花錢買不來的，靠進口武器裝備是靠不住的，走引進仿製的路子是走不遠的。只有重視基礎研究，才能永遠保持自主創新能力。必須高度重視原始性專業基礎理論突破，加強科學基礎設施建設，確保基礎性、系統性、前沿性技術研究和技術研發持續推進，加強國防科技自主創新的來源供給。高度重視戰略前沿技術特別是顛覆性技術的發展，加強前瞻性、先導性、探索性、顛覆性的重大技術研究和新概念研究。要把國防科技和武器裝備建設的薄弱環節作為推進自主創新的主攻方向，著力突破核心關鍵技術，爭取實現彎道超車，實現從跟跑並跑向並跑領跑轉變，搶佔國防科技創新戰略制高點。

加大先進科技成果轉化運用力度。窮理以致其知，反躬以踐其實。習主席指出，科技成果只有同國家需要、人民要求、市場需求結合，完成從科學研究、實驗開發、推廣應用的三級跳，才能真正實現創新價值、實現創新驅動發展。國防科技創新的目的在於應用，必須為部隊建設和軍事鬥爭準備服務，抓緊搞好創新性、突破性成果轉化運用。武器裝備建設必須以對作戰體系的貢獻率為評價標準，強化作戰需求牽引，把作戰需求貫徹到武器裝備研製的全過程，確保武器裝備的實戰適用性，實現研製和運用有機統一。國防科技發展必須堅持聚焦實戰、服務部隊，使科技創新同部隊建設發展接好軌、對好焦，把創新成果轉化為實實在在的戰鬥力，推動我軍建設向質量效能型和科技密集型轉變。

加速建構國防科技創新體系。黨的十九大報告明確提出，加強國家創新體系建設，強化戰略科技力量。要把國防科技創新體系納入國家創新體系建設之中，增強原始創新、整合創新和引進消化吸收再創新能力。加速建設創新基礎平台，紮實推動國防科技與武器裝備領域的軍民融合，夯實國防科技創新體系的基礎工程。加速培養國防科技創新領導者才，建設高素質新型軍事人才隊伍，著力培養聯合作戰指揮人才和新型作戰力量人才，強化國防科技創新體系的智力支撐。大力培育創新文化，營造勇於創新、鼓勵成功、寬容失敗的國防科技創新氛圍，讓創造創新在軍營蔚然成風。

突顯抓好軍民科技協同創新

軍民融合發展是實現發展和安全兼顧、富國和強軍統一的必經之路。大力開展軍民科技協同創新，有利於促進經濟發展方式轉變和經濟結構調整，有利於增強國家戰爭潛力和國防實力。

搞好頂層設計和戰略籌劃。任何戰略的實施，都必須規劃先行，超前籌謀。軍民科技協同創新涉及軍地兩大系統和多方利益關系，是一個重大的戰略工程，也是一項長期的艱鉅任務。要緊緊扭住強化頂層設計這個著力重點，擘畫軍民科技協同創新體系的宏偉藍圖。以深入認識與掌握軍民融合戰略為前提，明確軍民科技協同創新的發展現狀、目標指向、基本原則等，堅持科學統籌、實戰牽引、體系論證，強化法治保障。全面佈局、戰略籌劃，使國家重大戰略規劃、重大政策法規充分統合國防和軍隊建設需求，軍隊建設發展規劃計劃與全面落實經濟社會發展總體部署相對接。堅持超前謀劃，以重大科技工程為牽引，以奪取基礎研究和戰略高技術研究優勢為突破口，搶佔推動戰鬥力生成和經濟發展方式轉變的科技制高點。

推動重大科技項目一體論證與實施。黨中央已經確定了我國科技面向2030年的長遠戰略，決定實施一批重大科技項目和工程，這既有利於我國在戰略必爭領域打破重大關鍵核心技術受制於人的局面，也有利於開闢新的產業發展方向，培育新的經濟成長點。黨的十九大報告強調，拓展實施國家重大科技項目，突顯關鍵共性技術、前沿引領技術、現代工程技術、顛覆性技術創新。國防科技創新要密切關注世界軍事科技和武器裝備發展動向，圍繞國家重大戰略需求，堅持有所為、有所不為，對已部署的重大科技項目和工程及時跟踪、滾動調整和優化，形成梯次接續的系統佈局。

深化拓展海洋、太空、網路空間、生物、新能源等新興領域的軍民融合。隨著科學探索的邊界越來越遠，「三深一極」等新興領域已成為大國戰略角逐的新焦點。其中，深海成為潛藏制勝先機的新戰場，深空成為新的戰略支點，深藍已經打開網絡空間戰場的“潘多拉魔盒”，極地成為強國戰略博弈的角斗場。新興領域是認知域、物理域、資訊域、產業域的統一整體，具有天然的軍民通用屬性。近年來，世界各國普遍把加速新興領域軍民融合發展，作為奪取國際戰略博弈制高點的重要舉措。美國密集發布《美國國家創新戰略》《聯邦大數據研究與發展戰略計畫》，俄羅斯推出《俄聯邦科學技術發展計畫》等，紛紛在新興領域確立軍民融合發展模式。要透過設施軍民共建、技術軍民共用、資訊軍民共享等方式，加速形成多維一體、協同推進、跨越發展的新興領域軍民融合發展格局，深化拓展新興領域的軍民融合，合力建設海洋強國、航太強國、網絡強國。

優化科技創新資源配置

隨著科學技術的不斷發展，多學科專業交叉群集、多領域技術融合集成的特徵日益凸顯，必須依靠團隊力量集智攻關，搞好科研力量與創新資源的整合，才能最大限度發揮各方面的優勢，形成推進國防科技創新的整體合力。

強化開放共享打破封閉壟斷。緊緊扭住國防科技創新的「硬骨頭」攻堅克難，著力加強科技創新統籌協調，努力克服各領域、各部門、各方面科技創新活動中存在的資源分散封閉、交叉重復等碎片化現象，避免創新中的「孤島」。清除各種有形無形的柵欄，打破封閉壟斷，搞好需求對接、規劃對接、任務對接，加速建立健全各主體、各方面、各環節有機互動、協同高效的創新資源開放共享平台，最大限度實現共建共用共享。著力完善科技創新基礎制度，加速建立健全國家科技報告製度、創新調查制度、國家科技管理資訊系統，大幅提昇科技資源開放共享水準。

深化國防科技體制機制改革。如果把科技創新比喻成我國發展的新引擎，那麼改革就是點燃這個新引擎不可或缺的點火系。科技與經濟聯係不緊密，是多年來我國科技發展的一大痼疾。解決這個問題，必須以機制和政策制度改革為抓手，堅決拆壁壘、破堅冰、去門檻，破除制度藩籬和利益羈絆，構建系統完備的科技軍民融合政策制度體系，推動科技與經濟社會發展深度融合。要突破束縛產學研發有機結合的國防科技體制機制障礙，健全國防科技創新服務支撐體系，加強國防知識產權運用與保護。加速建立科技諮詢支撐行政決策的科技決策機制，改革科技評價制度，完善符合科技創新規律的資源配置方式、科技創新激勵機制。只有科技創新的輪子與體制機制創新的輪子共同轉動，才能大幅提升國防科技創新能力。

挖掘國防科技創新潛力。在全球化、資訊化、網絡化發展的今天，創新要素更具開放性、流動性，科技創新永無止境。要完善國防科技創新治理體系，充分調動創新主體的積極性，釋放各類創新要素的活力，善於運用社會一切優質資源和先進成果，挖掘一切科技創新潛力，把國防和軍隊建設有機融入經濟社會發展體系。在經濟與科技全球化的大背景下，創新資源在世界範圍內快速流動，國家與國家之間的聯繫日趨緊密，任何一個國家都不可能孤立依靠自己的力量解決所有創新難題。要堅持開放式、包容式自主創新，積極吸收能提升軍隊建設效益、提升軍隊戰鬥力的創新資源與成果。深化國際交流合作，充分利用全球創新資源，在更高起點推進國防科技自主創新。

（作者單位：國防科技大學文理學院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4807982888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭

China Exploring the Era of Building a World-Class Military

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中國探索建立世界一流軍隊的時代

2024年04月04日09:33 | 来源：中国军网

現代英語：

In the picture of human history, war and military development are particularly eye-catching. When we cast our eyes on the long river of history of war, it is not difficult to find that in the magnificent world changes, the strength of the army has always been accompanied by the prosperity of the country, and every era has ushered in a first-class army. Exploring and studying the era trajectory of the construction and development of these armies and finding things with regularity will undoubtedly provide us with important inspiration and reference for achieving the goal of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the army as scheduled and accelerating the construction of the people’s army into a world-class army.

Driven by military needs, strengthening capabilities is a top priority

Military capability has always been the most critical part of the national security system. From the development of the military construction in major countries in the world, it can be found that military construction has always taken strengthening military capability as an urgent task. Military capability has been generally regarded as the ultimate standard for measuring military strength and the primary task of war preparation. In recent years, some military powers have continuously issued forward-looking military capability assessment and forecast reports, emphasizing the vigorous development of military deterrence and combat capabilities. It can be said that strengthening military capability is at a critical period of competition, which is a rare opportunity for latecomer countries. History and practice tell us that the construction of first-class military capability needs to seize the window period of transformation from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap, take the historical mission of the army as the starting point, and take deterring and winning the war as the standard. At present, major military powers have focused on the needs of strategic application, continuously expanded into space, far sea, deep earth, network, electromagnetic and other spaces, planned ahead of time, stepped up efforts to fill the “gap” of new combat forces, and developed new domains and new qualities with decisive influence on military technology and equipment means, aiming to seize the “new commanding heights” of future military competition and build a lasting military advantage, which also reflects that the military capability structure will undergo a fundamental mutation and leap. For example, the US military has accelerated the development of military capabilities in the direction of “integration, both offensive and defensive, doubling advantages, rapid and precise”, attempting to achieve the deep integration of information, firepower, defense, guarantee and control, and form a system combat capability of one-time combat, multi-domain joint and rapid support.

Taking military training as the starting point and military training as the central task

Only when a soldier is familiar with the skills can he be good at fighting; being prepared for the unexpected is the way to keep the country safe. Training and preparation for war are the central tasks and normal manifestations of a first-class army. Only by real training and real preparation in peacetime can we be deployed, deployed and win in wartime. If a country does not make great efforts to improve the army’s ability to win and be ready to deal with possible military conflicts and potential war threats at any time, it will fall into a passive situation of being beaten once a war breaks out, and its national security and development interests will be greatly damaged. The practice of military construction in some countries in the world today has proved that first-class training and preparation for war must always be based on missions and tasks, insist on using the leading role of military struggle to control combat preparation and continuously exert efforts to actual training and preparation, use the integration of training and combat to control actual combat training to leap forward to high intensity, normalization and systematization, and use the ability to win battles to control the combat effectiveness standards to advance to high, deep and practical levels, so as to truly focus on preparing for war and invest various resources in preparing for war. In recent years, the development of the Russian army has benefited greatly from the consistent adherence to training to shape momentum, strengthen preparations, and promote combat, especially the high attention paid to carrying out a series of targeted pre-war training to enhance the cluster deterrence capabilities in various strategic directions, thus changing the army’s earlier image. It is worth noting that major military powers are taking the promotion of military intelligent means as an important part of training and preparation for war, focusing on liberating and developing combat effectiveness, integrating key technologies such as artificial intelligence and autonomous technologies of unmanned combat systems into preparation for war, guiding the implementation of the modernization tasks of combat theory, military personnel, and weapons and equipment, so as to accelerate the formation of a new pattern of modernization of the system of combat readiness and combat capability, and presenting distinctive contemporary characteristics of training and preparation for war.

Focus on integration and energy gathering, and make system deployment the key point

The joint operations of land, sea, air, space and power grids and the multi-domain integrated system operations characterized by cross-domain interaction urgently need to plan and construct an integrated combat system layout with deep integration of “detection, attack, control, defense and protection” from the “long term” to form a system victory. This has become the focus of major military powers in promoting the construction of first-class armies. In recent years, the concepts of “air-sea integrated warfare”, “joint all-domain operations” and “multi-domain operations” proposed by the US military are actually the systematization products of organically combining sea, air and space-based forces, land-based strike forces and network and power forces, which means that the US military is fully committed to optimizing the global layout of military forces through cutting-edge technological advantages in order to welcome the arrival of a new form of war. Today, the era of winning by relying solely on the advantages of combat units has ended. Instead, a combat force system that combines long, medium and short distances and integrates soft and hard forces has been built to ensure that key areas are controlled by the offensive and defensive advantages of the system. Therefore, the key to the systematic layout of joint operations is to gather the combat energy advantages of different domains and quickly integrate each combat module into the system operations to achieve a composite offensive and defensive situation layout with system efficiency increase, overall linkage, precise energy release and mutual coordination. In recent local wars and armed conflicts, the role of information networks as “hinge” and “enabling” in system layout has been revealed, enabling multiple combat forces to be autonomous, adaptive, interactive, and intelligently make decisions and control. In future operations, we should strengthen the intelligent advantage layout of “cloud” and “network” aggregation, skillfully combine tangible forces with intangible “cloud” and “network” deployment, and accelerate the formation of a combat layout that combines virtual and real forces and disperses form and gathers force, which will become a new model and trend of system deployment, integration and aggregation.

The main purpose is to gain an advantage, and to prioritize joint control.

Modern warfare begins with and is highly dependent on the comprehensive seizure and maintenance of battlefield control, which reflects the special significance of the struggle for control over the battlefield to the dominance of war. Planning key joint operations for control over the battlefield plays a crucial and decisive role in the struggle for control over key domains. Among them, gaining information advantage is the key to joint control over the battlefield. Military powers such as the United States and Russia generally believe that various combat forces in the era of informatization and intelligence must take the control advantage of multi-domain space as the basis for carrying out multiple tasks. The Russian military emphasizes improving the timeliness and anti-interference of joint combat force projection, and defeating opponents through cross-domain coordination and concentration. This shows that when fighting for control over the battlefield, we must first maintain the initiative strategically, that is, strategically establish the direction, goals and paths for obtaining joint control over the battlefield, stipulate the means and methods for creating and using overall advantages, and form an advantageous position in intelligent technology and weapon systems, information acquisition and utilization, and control capabilities. At present, some military powers use “big data intelligent technology and super network technology” as the “key catalyst” for seizing control over the battlefield, intending to form a decisive military advantage. This is a major strategic shift for military powers since the informatization of military affairs. In the future struggle for power, only by building intelligent efficiency chains and control relationships with parallel flow of material information and high aggregation can we promote the emergence of joint power-control efficiency through the linkage and energy-gathering effect.

Focusing on battlefield confrontation, improving efficiency is the key factor

Military activities and combat forces are inseparable from the physical and virtual battlefields of multi-dimensional space confrontation, and the rapid integration of multiple domains to form an integrated battlefield system makes the pursuit of maximizing the effectiveness of confrontation the key to battlefield confrontation and a topic that needs to be highly valued in building a first-class army. In recent years, major military powers have accelerated the construction of comprehensive information systems covering the full-dimensional space of the battlefield to pursue the overall benefits of battlefield confrontation. At present, the US military already has nearly 10,000 intelligent unmanned information network systems in the air and on the ground, and they are still being upgraded. With a view to solving bottlenecks such as the difficulty of responding to command and control in the informationized battlefield and the easy paralysis of the combat system, the future focus of battlefield system construction will be to rely on intelligent systems with rapid and autonomous decision-making, efficient information processing, precise coordinated operations and automatic control of weapons and equipment, establish a more complete and flexible control system and operation mechanism, and focus on doubling the effectiveness of battlefield cognition, command and control, precision strikes and information attack and defense confrontation. In addition, around the control of battlefield space, future battlefield confrontations will present a “flash” in terms of power, highlighting the joint deterrence of multiple forces, quickly accumulating power, and suddenly exerting force to form a soft and hard containment trend; “fast integration” in terms of means, effectively integrating and using multiple means, gathering combat energy in different domains, and forming a multi-dimensional linkage and precision attack to assist defense; “fast attack” in terms of action, real-time scenarios, efficient decision-making, seizing favorable opportunities, and forming a local battlefield advantage of rapid and high-intensity suppression in the entire domain. This is the focus of the current major military powers in studying and applying battlefield confrontation, and it will also become a new scenario and new content of combat that both sides of the confrontation will pay attention to.

Taking foresight and prediction as the first step and taking scientific and technological innovation as the strategic support

With the rapid development of a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution, the leading role of artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing and other technical fields has become prominent. Major military powers pay more attention to placing continuous promotion of innovation in an important position, and advance systematic planning and construction in terms of innovation concepts, models, standards, systems and applications, providing important strategic support for building a first-class army. After World War II, some countries became military powers. One of the most important fulcrums was the extensive use of the latest science and technology, which produced new domains and new qualities of combat forces and promoted the leapfrog development of military combat effectiveness. At present, major military powers insist on using cutting-edge technologies to make innovative breakthroughs, step up the research and development of faster, more intelligent information and more destructive combat platforms, in an attempt to maintain an absolute leading position. It should be noted that the world’s century-old changes are accelerating, and the new military revolution is in the ascendant. This makes it more important to judge the direction of scientific and technological innovation. The role of scientific and technological innovation as an accelerator for promoting the construction and development of a first-class army is more obvious, especially scientific and technological innovation is shifting to key areas and key means, implementing key breakthroughs, promoting a leap in the combat capability of the multi-dimensional attack and defense system, and accelerating the overall transformation of the military field. This requires accurately predicting the new forms and characteristics of future wars, continuously applying advanced technological achievements, and striving to promote a fundamental change in the combat power generation model, accelerating the formation of a strong asymmetric victory and strategic balance of power. This is the first move and strong support for the construction of a first-class military. (Xu Jun)

(Editors: Chen Yu, Liu Yuanyuan)

現代國語：

在人類歷史的畫卷裡，戰爭與軍隊發展特別引人注目。當我們將探索的目光投向烽煙戰火的歷史長河，就不難發現，在波瀾壯闊的世界變局中，軍隊的強大歷來與國家的興盛相伴而行，每個時代都曾經迎來堪稱一流的軍隊。探尋研究這些軍隊建設發展的時代軌跡，找出帶有規律性的東西，這無疑會給我們如期實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標，加快把人民軍隊建成世界一流軍隊，提供重要的啟示與借鑒。

以軍事需求為牽引，把強化能力當作緊要任務

軍事能力歷來是國家安全體系中最關鍵的一環。從世界主要國家軍隊建設發展的歷程來看可以發現，軍隊建設始終以強化軍事能力為緊要任務，軍事能力已被普遍作為衡量軍隊實力的最終標準和戰爭準備的首要任務。尤其近年來，一些軍事強國不斷頒布前瞻性軍事能力評估與預測報告，強調大力發展軍事懾戰與應戰能力。可以說，強化軍事能力正處於千帆競發的關鍵時期，這對後發國家來說是一個難得的機會期。歷史和實踐告訴我們，一流軍事能力建設需要緊緊抓住由量變積累向質變飛躍轉化窗口期，以軍隊的歷史使命為出發點，以遏制和打贏戰爭為標準。目前，主要軍事強國紛紛著眼戰略運用需要，不斷向太空、遠海、深地、網絡、電磁等空間拓展，超前籌劃定位，加緊填補新型作戰力量“空缺”，發展新域新質方面具有決定性影響的軍事技術裝備手段，意在搶佔未來軍事競爭“新的製高點”，構築持久軍事優勢，也反映了軍事能力結構將發生根本性突變與飛躍。如美軍加快推進軍事能力朝向「一體融合、攻防兼備、優勢倍增、快速精準」的方向發展，企圖實現資訊、火力、防禦、保障和控制的深度融合，形成一次作戰、多域聯合、快速支援的體係作戰能力。

以練兵備戰為抓手，把軍事訓練當作中心工作

士熟於技，方能善戰；以備不虞，安國常道。練兵備戰是一流軍隊的中心任務和常態呈現，只有平時真訓實練、真打實務，戰時才能拉得出、上得去、打得贏。一個國家如果不下大力氣提升軍隊打贏能力，隨時準備應對可能的軍事衝突和潛在的戰爭威脅，一旦戰爭爆發，就要陷入被動挨打的境地，國家安全和發展利益就要受到極大損害。當今世界一些國家軍隊建設的實踐證明，一流的練兵備戰必須始終以使命任務統攬擺位，堅持用軍事鬥爭龍頭統住作戰準備向實踐實踐用力，用訓戰一體統住實戰化訓練向高強度、常態化、體系化推進躍升，用能打勝仗統住戰鬥力標準向高處、深處和實處確立挺進，真正做到各項工作聚焦備戰打仗，各種資源投向備戰打仗。近年來，俄軍的發展很大程度上得益於始終堅持以訓塑勢、以訓強備、以訓促戰，特別是高度重視開展一系列針對性臨戰訓練，提升各戰略方向集群懾戰能力，從而改變軍隊早前形象。值得關注的是，主要軍事強國正在將推進軍事智慧化手段建設作為練兵備戰的重要內容，緊緊圍繞解放和發展戰鬥力，將人工智慧、無人作戰系統自主技術等關鍵技術融合運用於備戰打仗，引導作戰理論、軍事人員、武器裝備現代化建設任務落地落實，以加速形成備戰打仗能力體系現代化新格局，呈現出練兵備戰工作鮮明的時代特徵。

以融合聚能為指向，把體系布勢當作重心要害

陸海空天電網的聯合作戰與以跨域互動為特徵的多域融合體係作戰趨勢，迫切需要從「長」規劃建構「偵、打、控、防、保」深度融合的一體化作戰體系佈局，形成體系製勝。這已成為主要軍事強國推進一流軍隊建設的聚焦重點。近年來，美軍提出的「空海一體戰」「聯合全域作戰」「多域作戰」等構想，其實就是把海空天基力量、陸基打擊力量及網電力量有機結合的體系化產物，意味著美軍為迎接新的戰爭形態到來，正全面致力於透過尖端技術優勢優化軍事力量在全球的佈局。如今，單純依靠作戰單元優勢取勝的時代結束了，取而代之的是建構遠中近結合、軟硬一體的作戰力量體系，確保以體系攻防優勢來控制關鍵領域。因此，聯合作戰體系化佈局的關鍵，是聚集不同質域的作戰能量優勢，把各作戰模組快速融入體係作戰之中，以達成體系增效、整體連動、精確釋能、相互配合的複合攻防態勢佈局。近幾場局部戰爭和武裝衝突，已經顯現出資訊網路在體系佈局中的「鉸鏈」「賦能」作用，使多元作戰力量能夠自主、適應、互動、智慧決策控制。未來作戰，應強化「雲」「網」聚集的智慧優勢佈局，將有形兵力和無形「雲」「網」布勢巧妙結合起來，加快形成虛實結合、形散力聚的作戰佈局，將成為體系布勢融合聚能的新模式新趨勢。

以奪得優勢為主旨，以聯合製權作為優先選項

現代戰爭首先展開並高度依賴全面奪取並維持戰場綜合控制權，體現了製權爭奪對戰爭主導權的特殊意義。而籌劃好關鍵性制權作戰聯合行動，對爭奪關鍵維域控制權起著至關重要的決定性作用。其中，爭得資訊優勢則是聯合製權的關鍵。美、俄等軍事強國普遍認為，資訊化智能化時代的各種作戰力量，必須把獲得對多域空間的控制優勢作為遂行多重任務的基礎。俄軍強調提升聯合作戰力量投射的時效性和抗干擾性，以跨域協同和聚優挫敗對手。這就表明，在爭奪制權時，首先要在戰略上保持主動，即從戰略上為獲​​得聯合奪控制權確立方向、目標與路徑，規定整體優勢創造和運用的手段與方式，並在智能技術與武器系統、資訊取得利用和控制能力上形成優勢地位。目前，有軍事強國以“大數據智慧技術和超級網技術”作為奪控制權的“關鍵催化劑”，意在形成決定性軍事優勢，這是軍事強國自軍事資訊化以來的重大戰略轉向。未來制權爭奪，只有建構物質資訊並行流動、高度聚合的智慧化效能連結與控制關係，才能以連結聚能作用促成聯合製權效能湧現。

以戰場對抗為著眼，以提升效能作為關鍵因素

軍事活動和作戰力量離不開多維空間領域對抗的物理和虛擬戰場，並且多域交叉快速融合形成一體化的戰場體系，使得追求對抗效益最大化成為戰場對抗的關鍵，也是建設一流軍隊需要高度重視的課題。近年來，主要軍事強國加速建構覆蓋戰場全維度空間的綜合資訊系統，追求戰場對抗的整體效益。目前，美軍已經擁有近萬個空中、地面智慧化無人資訊網路系統，且仍在持續升級。著眼解決資訊化戰場指控難應對、作戰體系易癱瘓等瓶頸，戰場體系建設未來重點將是依托快速自主決策、資訊高效處理、精準協同作戰和武器裝備自動控制的智慧化系統，建立更為完善靈活的控制體系與運作機制，著重倍增戰場認知、指揮控制、精確打擊與資訊攻防對抗效能。此外，圍繞控制戰場空間，未來戰場對抗將呈現出力量上的“快閃”，突出多種力量聯合懾打，迅速積聚力量，猝然發力，形成軟硬一體的遏制之勢；手段上的“快融”，有效整合運用多種手段，聚集不同質域的作戰能量，形成多維聯動精打的以攻助防之勢；行動上的“快打”，即時場景、高效決策，搶佔有利時機，形成全局快速高強度壓制的戰場局部優勢。這是當前主要軍事強國研究運用戰場對抗的著力點，也必將成為對抗雙方關注作戰的新場景新內容。

以前瞻預判為先手，把科技創新當作策略支撐

伴隨新一輪科技革命、產業革命和軍事革命快速發展，人工智慧、大數據、雲端運算等技術領域的引領作用突顯，主要軍事強國更重視把持續推動創新擺在重要位置，在創新理念、模式、標準、體系與應用方面超前進行系統規劃與建設，為建設一流軍隊提供重要的戰略支援。二戰後，有的國家成為軍事強國，其中最重要的支點之一是廣泛運用最新科學技術，產生了新域新質作戰力量，推動了軍事戰鬥力跨越式發展。目前，主要軍事強國更是堅持利用尖端技術進行創新突破，加緊研發速度更快、資訊智能含量更高、毀傷效能更大的作戰平台，企圖維持絕對領先地位。要看到，世界百年變局加速演進，新軍事革命方興未艾，這使得研判科技創新方向更為重要，科技創新作為推進一流軍隊建設發展的加速器作用更加明顯，特別是科技創新正在向關鍵領域、關​​鍵手段上轉變，實施重點突破，促成多維度攻防的體係作戰能力躍升，加速軍事領域實現整體性變革。這就要求準確預測未來戰爭的新形態新特徵，持續應用先進技術成果，著力推動戰鬥力生成模式實現根本性轉變，加速形成強大的非對稱制勝和戰略制衡優勢。這是一流軍隊建設的先手棋和強支撐。 （徐珺）

(編按：陳羽、劉圓圓)

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.people.com.cn/n1/2024/0404/c1011-40209814888.html