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Chinese Military Innovating Training Concepts, Upgrading Training Methods, Reshaping the Combat Training Landscape

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中國軍隊創新訓練理念，升級訓練方式，重塑作戰訓練格局

現代英語：

China Military Network and Ministry of National Defense Network

Sunday, May 10, 2026

This newspaper reports (by reporter Fan Enda and special correspondent Qi Xucong): New artillery pieces sharpen the plateau, drones patrol the skies, data links are connected across the entire region, and fire units precisely lock onto the “enemy”… Not long ago, on the plateau training ground, a brigade of the Tibet Military Region focused on generating new combat capabilities and carried out various training exercises in an orderly manner.

New forces are rapidly joining the ranks, new equipment is constantly being deployed, and new tactics are being implemented continuously. In recent days, reporters visited several training grounds on the plateau front and saw that various units are focusing on actual combat needs, continuously innovating training concepts, upgrading training methods, and reshaping the training landscape. A vibrant picture of military training and preparation is unfolding, and new combat capabilities are rapidly accumulating and being generated on the plateau front.

From “waiting for instructions” to “seizing the opportunity,” officers and soldiers of the 1st Battalion of a Rocket Force brigade abandoned traditional training methods and conducted more than 10 combat-oriented training courses in a continuous, track-like manner, consciously pursuing and practicing the spirit of the plateau rocket troops with the belief that “every second faster means a greater chance of victory.” From “passive adaptation” to “active adaptation,” an Air Force unit, in combination with the special plateau environment, specifically modified the key systems of its fighter jets, accurately matching the characteristics of the plateau and the actual mission, and focusing on refining courses such as extreme maneuverability, low-altitude penetration, and ground attack, maximizing the combat potential of the equipment.

Upgrading training methods and leveraging technology to activate a “new engine” for combat effectiveness. Inside a simulated training chamber, soldiers of a regiment of the Xinjiang Military Region “drive” equipment vehicles across the high plateau, with weather, time of day, and road conditions changing randomly, immersing themselves in honing their combat skills. On the training ground of a detachment of the Tibet Armed Police Corps, infrared drones conduct aerial reconnaissance and precise positioning, while intelligent robot dogs launch assaults. Unmanned equipment is deeply integrated with individual combat, building a solid and efficient security barrier through intelligent training. Various units are exploring new paths to generate new combat capabilities, continuously promoting the new “intelligent+” training model, and pushing plateau training towards intelligent and refined training.

At a certain location, the Gambala radar station of an air force unit utilized technological means to achieve a remote, controlled duty mode, with soldiers’ positions lowered more than a thousand meters. No longer distracted by harsh environments, they can devote more energy to combat readiness and combat capability enhancement, routinely conducting network-based combat exercises and live-fire training, resulting in a significant improvement in the unit’s rapid mobility and early warning capabilities.

Reshaping the training landscape and fostering systemic collaboration to generate new momentum for victory. An air force unit actively integrated into the system, engaging in confrontations with visiting fighter jet units and sparring with various types of drones. They honed their anti-interference skills through electromagnetic warfare and continuously improved their combat capabilities through repeated realistic training exercises. A brigade of the Xinjiang Military Region regularly conducted joint exercises and training with neighboring air force units, streamlining command and control, sharing air situation data, and achieving full-element coordinated firepower strikes and integrated counterattacks. All units abandoned the concept and practice of “fighting alone,” proactively breaking down barriers between services and removing obstacles to collaboration, thus promoting overall quality improvement and comprehensive efficiency enhancement in the generation of new combat capabilities.

Once, this snowy plateau was a daunting “forbidden zone of life”; now, it has become a “training ground” for troops to deepen and solidify their training and combat readiness. Through numerous exercises and assaults, the troops stationed on the plateau are targeting the laws governing the generation of new combat capabilities, constantly breaking down conventional thinking, and making solid efforts towards innovation and strength, exploring methods and paths to liberate and develop new combat capabilities. “Although it’s high-altitude, oxygen-deficient, and the environment is harsh here, our confidence in winning battles is growing stronger!” said a plateau soldier.

現代國語：

中國軍網 國防部網

2026年5月10日 星期日

本報訊 記者范恩達、特約記者齊旭聰報道：新型火炮礪劍高原，無人機巡弋長空，數據鏈路全域貫通，火力單元精准鎖“敵”……前不久，高原練兵場上，西藏軍區某旅聚焦新質戰斗力生成，有序開展各項訓練。

新力量加速入列，新裝備不斷列裝，新戰法持續落地……連日來，記者踏訪高原一線多個演訓場看到，各部隊聚焦實戰需求，持續革新訓練理念、升級訓練手段、重塑訓練格局，一幅火熱的練兵備戰圖景鋪展開來，新質戰斗力在高原一線加速集聚生成。

從“等指令”到“搶時機”，火箭軍某旅一營官兵摒棄傳統訓法，以賽道式連貫展開10余個實戰化課目訓練，用“速度快一秒、勝算多一分”的自覺追求踐行高原火箭兵精神；從“被動適應”到“主動適配”，空軍某部結合高原特殊環境，針對性改裝戰機關鍵系統，精准匹配高原特點和任務實際，專攻精練極限機動、低空突防、對地打擊等課目，最大限度挖掘裝備作戰潛能。

升級訓練手段，科技賦能激活戰力“新引擎”。模擬訓練艙內，新疆軍區某團官兵“駕駛”裝備車輛翻越高原達阪，天候、時段、路況隨機切換，沉浸式錘煉打贏本領；武警西藏總隊某支隊訓練場上，紅外無人機臨空偵察、精准定位，智能機器狗沖鋒突擊，無人裝備與單兵作戰深度耦合，以智能化練兵構築起堅固高效的安全屏障……各部隊探索新質戰斗力生成路徑，持續推開“智能+”練兵新模式，推動高原訓練向智能精訓跨越。

某點位上，空軍某部甘巴拉雷達站運用科技手段實現異地遠程遙控值勤模式，官兵戰位下沉千余米。不再為對抗惡劣環境分心，他們把更多精力投入戰備值勤和戰斗力提升上，常態開展聯網對抗、實裝實訓，部隊快速機動能力和預警能力明顯提升。

重塑訓練格局，體系聯動凝聚勝戰“新動能”。空軍某部主動融入體系，與前來駐訓的殲擊機部隊互為對手展開對抗，與各型無人機過招較量，在電磁攻防中不斷錘煉反干擾硬功，在一次次實戰化訓練中持續提升實戰能力；新疆軍區某旅攜手空軍友鄰部隊常態開展聯演聯訓，打通指揮鏈路、共享空情態勢，實現火力打擊全要素聯動、一體化抗擊……各部隊摒棄“各自為戰、單打獨斗”的觀念做法，主動打破軍兵種壁壘、打通協同堵點，推動新質戰斗力生成整體提質、全面增效。

曾經，這片雪域高原是令人望而生畏的“生命禁區”；如今，這裡已成為牽引部隊練兵備戰走深走實的“礪兵高地”。在一場場演訓、一次次沖鋒中，駐高原各部隊瞄准新質戰斗力生成規律，不斷打破思維定式，向新向強扎實用力，探尋解放和發展新質戰斗力的方法路徑。“這裡雖然高寒缺氧、環境艱苦，但我們的勝戰底氣越來越足！”一名高原戰士說。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/

#Artificial #Intelligence, #collaborative warfare, #cross-domain collaborative operations, #cyber #warfare, #drone #warfare, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #馬賽克 #戰爭, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊做好戰爭準備, 認知域戰, 認知戰, 量子計算戰爭

China to Accelerate Improvement of New-type Combat Capabilities

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中國將加快提升新型作戰能力 

現代英語：

New-type combat capabilities are a completely new type of combat capability formed based on emerging technologies and operational concepts. With the rapid development of technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, new types of combat forces are emerging in endless succession, growing rapidly in scale, and being widely and diversely applied, directly affecting and determining the quality and effectiveness of the generation of new-type combat capabilities. Understanding the inherent characteristics of new-type combat capabilities, grasping their generation mechanisms, and clarifying their development requirements are of great significance for accelerating the improvement of the construction level of new-type combat capabilities and ensuring that we can seize the initiative and gain the upper hand in future wars.

Recognizing the intrinsic characteristics of high-quality combat capability

New-type combat capabilities are a product of the development of warfare and technological progress. They aim for high efficiency and high quality, with technological innovation as their internal engine and leading lever. They are a new type of capability that drives and leverages the leapfrog development of all elements of advanced combat capabilities.

Strengthening the system. New-type combat capability is a new type of combat capability generated by changes in the constituent elements of combat capability. Driven by intelligent technology, the constituent elements of new-type combat capability are constantly expanding, including not only traditional elements but also new elements such as information networks, data resources, and intelligent algorithms. The generation of new-type combat capability has expanded from the traditional approach of improving the performance of individual weapon and equipment platforms through the input of human and material resources to the methods of self-overlapping or mutual overlapping of new and traditional elements, and new elements empowering traditional elements, bringing about a fusion transformation of the entire combat system. This “system empowerment” leads to qualitative changes in the quality, scale, and function of “lethality.”

Deepening human-computer interaction. The means, methods, and effects of combining humans with weaponry directly affect the quality and effectiveness of combat capability formation. Developing new types of combat capabilities can guide the optimal combination of humans and weaponry, and this combination, in turn, accelerates the development of new types of combat capabilities. With the deepening application of technologies such as large-scale models and parallel simulations, decision support systems are becoming more intelligent, weaponry performance is becoming more advanced, and human-computer interaction is becoming more convenient and efficient. Through high-intensity simulated training and combat-oriented exercises, the collaborative combat capability between humans and weaponry will be greatly enhanced, providing a driving force for the incubation of new types of combat capabilities.

Multi-dimensional Expansion. New-type combat capabilities are breaking through traditional land, sea, and air combat domains, continuously expanding into the far seas, polar regions, cyberspace, and electromagnetic domains, and deeply integrating from the purely physical domain to the physical and information domains. Through cross-domain interaction, various resources and potentials are transformed into real capabilities, aggregating combat energy from different dimensions to form a coordinated, powerful, and complementary combat system, amplifying the multiplier effect of new-type combat capabilities. Recent local wars around the world demonstrate that new-type combat forces, represented by strategic early warning, information control, algorithmic attack and defense, and unmanned intelligence, are showing tremendous power on the modern battlefield.

Grasp the mechanism of new combat capability generation

The mechanism for generating new-type combat power is to solidify the foundation of combat power through revolutionary enhancement of basic element capabilities, to connect the combat power release chain through cross-domain integration of new elements, and to promote the emergence of combat power through networked and innovative configuration of all elements, thereby achieving a significant improvement in all-element combat power.

Revolutionary enhancements to fundamental capabilities are crucial for building a solid foundation for new-type combat power. People, weaponry, and the integration of people and weaponry are the three basic elements constituting combat power. Under new historical conditions, revolutionary enhancements to these fundamental capabilities are a vital foundation for forming new-type combat power. People are the most active and dynamic element of combat power. Currently, officers and soldiers possess diverse knowledge structures, strong learning and acceptance abilities, higher levels of thinking, more refined professional skills, and stronger innovation capabilities, making them the creators driving the generation of new-type combat power. Weaponry is the material carrier of new-type combat power. With the development of advanced military technologies, the emergence of various new types of weaponry, such as ultra-long-range, precision, intelligent, and stealthy weapons, forms the hardware foundation for generating new-type combat power. The integration of people and weaponry is the engine driving the generation of combat power. In intelligent warfare, weapons and equipment are not only tools in the hands of military personnel, but also an integral part of military personnel. Under a more scientific system and organizational structure, more precise management and support, and more advanced command and control, combat effectiveness is enhanced through human-machine interaction, human-machine collaboration, and human-machine integration.

By integrating new elements across domains, we can connect the chains for releasing new combat capabilities. The characteristics of generating and releasing new combat capabilities are the seamless and rapid integration of these chains. Promoting the comprehensive release of new combat capabilities requires focusing on new combat capability elements and new combat forces, accelerating the closure of single chains such as intelligence chains, command chains, lethality chains, and support chains, and the integration of multiple chains. On the one hand, new elements drive the high-quality closure of single chains. New elements such as data, algorithms, and networks are integrated into traditional combat chains. Through organic combination with traditional combat forces and elements, they optimize chain construction, resource allocation, and capability matching, shortening chain closure time and improving chain operational efficiency, thus providing new growth points for the generation of new combat capabilities. On the other hand, new force elements expand the hinges of multi-link collaborative systems. By using new force elements to remove bottlenecks in multi-link connections and increase the number of nodes for multi-link integration, various resources and potentials can be connected through cross-domain link closures. This aggregates the operational energy advantages of different dimensions, creating a joint combat system with interconnected, networked, deeply hinged, and collaboratively operating multi-link systems, thereby promoting the full release of new combat capabilities.

Achieving a new type of combat capability network through innovative configuration of all elements. The generation and development of new-type combat capabilities involves multiple aspects, including technological innovation, theoretical innovation, and institutional and mechanism innovation. To advance the construction of new-type combat capabilities, it is necessary to grasp the development characteristics of cross-integration and mutual support among different fields and technologies, focus on the innovative configuration of combat capability elements, optimize the configuration structure of combat capability elements, and improve the configuration mechanism of combat capability elements, so as to promote the formation of a situation of breakthroughs in multiple points and collective emergence. We must rely on an intelligent combat management system that enables real-time situational awareness, efficient information processing, rapid and autonomous decision-making, precise coordinated operations, and automatic control of weapons and equipment. This system will allow combat elements to be “plug and play” and “dynamically reconfigured,” rapidly forming a structure that conforms to battlefield realities and combat missions. It will ensure the rapid integration of combat methods, the rapid formation of combat forces, the rapid execution of combat actions, and the rapid delivery of combat resources. This will foster new efficiencies in command and control, precision strikes, and information offense and defense, significantly improving the efficiency of combat power generation and forming a new type of combat power network that is reconfigurable in resources, adaptable in links, and fully covers capabilities.

Clarify the requirements for the development of new-type combat capabilities

New-type combat capabilities are the result of revolutionary breakthroughs in military technology and profound changes in the combat capability generation model. They have both the characteristics and laws of traditional combat capability generation, as well as their unique essential attributes and generation methods. We should deeply grasp the dialectical relationship and internal logic of their generation and development, and clarify their development requirements.

Efforts should be focused on the integration of traditional and new combat capabilities. Traditional combat capabilities are the prerequisite and foundation for the formation and development of new-type combat capabilities, while new-type combat capabilities are the integration and upgrading of traditional combat capabilities. Vigorously developing new-type combat capabilities does not mean completely abandoning traditional combat capabilities; on the contrary, the stronger traditional combat capabilities are, the better new-type combat capabilities can develop. On the one hand, we should closely follow the trends of technological development and changes in the form of warfare, study new mechanisms, grasp new characteristics, plan and lay out in a forward-looking manner, accelerate the systematic construction of new-type weapons and equipment, accelerate the improvement of military personnel’s ability to apply new-type capabilities, scientifically increase the proportion of new-type combat forces in new domains, and expand new tracks for the generation of new-type combat capabilities. On the other hand, we should firmly safeguard the fundamental strength and base of traditional combat capabilities, give full play to the advantages of traditional equipment, mechanisms and technologies, and accumulate strength in connecting new equipment, integrating new mechanisms and aggregating new technologies, so as to achieve a high-low combination, tiered connection and mutual promotion of “new” and “old” to enhance overall combat capabilities.

Seeking practical results in “element integration.” Technological innovation is a core element in developing new-type combat capabilities, but it is not the only one. Vigorously developing new-type combat capabilities requires not only occupying the high ground of technological innovation but also emphasizing the integrated and coordinated development of technology with systems, management, and other elements. On the one hand, we should highlight the “driving and leading” role of technological innovation, fully strengthen our confidence and determination in independent innovation, target cutting-edge fields, accelerate research on the military applications of new and disruptive technologies, and accurately identify the “key points” and “catalytic domains” that technological innovation empowers combat patterns and weaponry. On the other hand, we must pay attention to the “integration and coordination” effect of multiple elements. We must fully recognize the role and status of both technological and non-technical factors in promoting the formation and development of new combat capabilities, and focus on using technological breakthroughs to drive the upgrading of tactics and methods, the optimization of combat forces, the improvement of management mechanisms and support models, and systematically promote the comprehensive and balanced development of new combat capabilities through the integration and coordination of multiple factors.

We must maintain our momentum in the “fast and slow combination.” The formation and development of new-type combat capabilities is a long-term process, characterized by inheritance and gradualism. It requires a balanced approach, considering the relationships between primary and secondary priorities, immediate needs and long-term development, and effectively employing a “fast and slow combination.” On the one hand, we should emphasize the creation of asymmetric “speed.” We must closely follow the evolution of warfare and advancements in military technology, closely monitor the development trends of adversaries’ weaponry and combat styles, target their vital weaknesses, quickly identify the “window of opportunity” for creating asymmetric advantages with new-domain, new-type forces, accelerate forward-looking planning and transformation, and strive to create “trump cards” in weaponry to achieve leapfrog development in combat capabilities. On the other hand, we must focus on achieving high-quality “stability.” With a view to matching national strategic needs and aligning with the war preparation process, we must adhere to starting from the actual war situation, scientifically and rationally formulate top-level plans for the development of new-type combat capabilities, highlight the tackling of key issues such as technological shortcomings and capability weaknesses that have long constrained the generation of combat capabilities, lay a solid foundation for the development of new-type combat capabilities, provide development conditions, accumulate development momentum, and promote the high-quality and steady development of new-type combat capabilities.

(Author’s affiliation: Strategic Assessment and Consulting Center, Academy of Military Science)

現代國語：

新質戰鬥力是依托新興科技手段和作戰理念所形成的一種全新戰鬥力。隨著人工智慧、大數據等科學技術的飛速發展，新型作戰力量的類型層出不窮、規模極速增長、運用廣泛多樣，直接影響和決定新質戰鬥力的生成質效。認清新質戰鬥力內在特色、掌握其生成機理、明晰其發展要求，對於加快提升新質戰鬥力建設水平，確保在未來戰爭中搶佔先機、贏得主動具有重要意義。

認清新質戰鬥力內在特點

新質戰鬥力是戰爭發展和技術進步的產物，其以高效能、高質量為目標，以科技創新為內在引擎和主導槓桿，是牽引並撬動先進戰鬥力全要素躍升的新型能力。

強體系賦能。新質戰鬥力是戰鬥力構成要素改變所產生的新生戰鬥力。在智慧化技術的推動下，新質戰鬥力的構成要素不斷拓展，不僅包括傳統要素，還包括資訊網絡、數據資源、智慧演算法等新型要素。新質戰鬥力的生成，由傳統的通過人力物力等資源投入，改善武器裝備單個平台性能，向通過新型要素和傳統要素的自疊加或互疊加、新型要素賦能傳統要素等方式拓展，帶來整個作戰體系的聚變轉化，以“體系賦能”引起“殺傷力”質量、規模、功能等質變。

深人機互動。人與武器裝備的結合手段、結合方式、結合效果，直接影響戰鬥力形成質效。發展新質戰鬥力可以牽引人與武器裝備形成最佳結合，這種結合同時促進新質戰鬥力加速發展。隨著大模型、平行模擬等技術深化應用，決策支援系統更為智慧化，武器裝備性能更為先進，人機互動更為便捷高效，透過高強度的模擬化訓練和實戰化演練，人與武器裝備的協同作戰能力將大為增強，為孵化新質戰鬥力提供了動力源泉。

多維域拓展。新質戰鬥力突破傳統的陸海空等作戰領域，不斷向遠海、極地、網絡、電磁等領域拓展，從單純的物理域向物理域資訊域等深度融合拓展。透過跨域互動將各類資源與潛能轉化為現實能力，聚合不同維域的作戰能量，形成整體連結、強強融合、優勢互補的作戰體系，放大新質戰鬥力倍增效應。從世界近幾場局部戰爭實踐看，以戰略預警、資訊控制、演算法攻防、無人智慧等為代表的新質作戰力量，在現代戰場上正顯現出巨大威力。

掌握新質戰鬥力生成機理

新質戰鬥力的生成機理，是以基本要素能力革命性提升夯實戰鬥力基石，以新型要素跨域融合貫通戰鬥力釋放鏈路，以全要素網絡化創新配置促進戰鬥力湧現，達到全要素戰鬥力大幅提升的效果。

以基本要素能力革命性提升，築牢新質戰鬥力基石。人、武器裝備以及人與武器裝備的結合，是戰鬥力構成的三個基本要素。在新的歷史條件下，基本要素能力革命性提升，是形成新質戰鬥力的重要基礎。人是戰鬥力要素中最活躍、最能動的要素。當前，官兵知識結構多元、學習接受能力強，具備更高的思維層次、更精的專業技能、更強的創新能力，是推動新質戰鬥力生成的創造者。武器裝備是新質戰鬥力產生的物質承載。隨著軍事高新技術發展，超遠程、精確化、智慧化、隱身化等各種新型武器裝備的出現，是推動新質戰鬥力生成的硬體基礎。人與武器裝備的結合是推動戰鬥力生成的引擎。智慧化戰爭中，武器裝備不僅是軍事人員手中的工具，也是同軍事人員的結合體，在更科學的體制編制結構下，更精準的管理保障下，更為高超的指揮控制下，以人機交流、人機協作、人機共融的形態提升戰鬥力。

以新型要素跨域融合，貫通新質戰鬥力釋放鏈路。鏈路貫通閉合、快速高效融合是新質戰鬥力生成釋放的特點。促進新質戰鬥力全面釋放，需以新型戰鬥力要素及新質作戰力量為主線，加速情報鏈、指揮鏈、殺傷鏈、保障鍊等單鏈路閉合、多鏈路貫通融合。一方面，新型要素推動單鏈路優質閉合。數據、演算法、網路等新型要素融入傳統作戰鏈路，透過與傳統作戰力量、作戰要素有機結合，優化鏈路構建、資源調度、能力匹配，縮短鏈路閉合時間、提高鏈路運行效率，為新質戰鬥力生成提供了新增長點。另一方面，新型力量要素拓展多鏈路協同體系鉸鏈。通過新型力量要素打通多鏈路貫通堵點、增加多鏈路融合節點，以跨域鏈路閉合將各類資源和潛能連接在一起，聚合不同維域的作戰能量優勢，打造多鏈路相互耦合、網狀輻射、深度鉸鏈、協同運行的聯合作戰體系，促進新質戰鬥力全面釋放。

以全要素創新配置，實現新質戰鬥力網系湧現。新質戰鬥力的生成與發展，事關科技創新、理論創新、體制機制創新等多個面向。推動新質戰鬥力建設，要掌握不同領域與各項技術之間交叉融合、相互支撐的發展特徵，聚焦戰鬥力要素的創新配置、優化戰鬥力要素配置結構、完善戰鬥力要素配置機制，推動形成多點突破、群體迸發的局面。要依托態勢實時感知、資訊高效處理、快速自主決策、精準協同作戰和武器裝備自動控制的智能化作戰管理系統，實現作戰要素“即插即用”“動態重組”，快速形成符合戰場實際和作戰任務的結構編成，確保作戰手段“快融”、作戰力量“快組”、作戰行動“快打”、作戰資源“快打”，催生指揮控制、精確打擊和信息攻防對抗體系新效能，大幅提升戰鬥力生成效率，形成資源可重組、鏈路自適應、能力全覆蓋的新質戰鬥力網。

明晰新質戰鬥力發展要求

新質戰鬥力生成軍事技術革命性突破、戰鬥力生成模式深度變革共同作用的結果，其既有傳統戰鬥力生成的特點和規律，更有其特殊的本質屬性和生成方式，應深刻把握其生成發展的辯證關系和內在邏輯，明晰其發展要求。

在「新舊結合」上下功夫。傳統戰鬥力是形成和發展新質戰鬥力的前提與基礎，新質戰鬥力是傳統戰鬥力的融合升級。大力發展新質戰鬥力並不代表全面拋棄傳統戰鬥力，相反只有傳統戰鬥力越堅實，新質戰鬥力才可能發展越好。一方面，應緊跟科技發展與戰爭形態變化趨勢，研究新機理、掌握新特徵，前瞻性謀劃佈局，加速推進新質武器裝備體系化建設，加緊提升軍事人員新質能力運用素養，科學提升新域新質作戰力量比重，拓展新質戰鬥力生成新賽道。另一方面，應牢牢守住傳統戰鬥力這個基本面、基本盤，發揮傳統裝備、傳統機制、傳統技術的優勢，在銜接新裝備、融入新機制、聚合新技術上積蓄力量，實現「新」「舊」高低搭配、梯次銜接、相互促進，提升整體作戰能力。

在「要素融合」上求實效。科技創新是發展新質戰鬥力的核心要素，但不是唯一要素。大力發展新質戰鬥力，不僅要佔領科技創新高地，還要重視科技與制度、管理等多要素融合協調、一體聯動。一方面，應突顯科技創新的「驅動引領」作用，充分堅定自主創新的信心決心，瞄準前沿領域，加速新型技術、顛覆性技術軍事應用研究，找準科技創新賦能作戰樣式、武器裝備的「關鍵點」「催化域」。另一方面，要注重多要素的「融合協調」效應。充分認識技術與非技術要素在推動新質戰鬥力形成發展中的地位作用，注重以技術突破帶動戰法打法升級、作戰力量優化、管理機制健全和保障模式完善，在多要素融合協調中體系化推進新質戰鬥力全面均衡發展。

在「快慢組合」上使長勁。新質戰鬥力的形成發展是一個長期過程，具有繼承性、漸進性等特徵，需要統籌好主與次、先與後、現實急需與長遠發展等關系，打好「快慢組合拳」。一方面，應突顯塑造非對稱的「快」。緊跟戰爭形態演變、軍事科技進步，緊盯對手武器裝備、作戰樣式發展動向，瞄準對手要害命門，快速找到以新域新質力量塑造非對稱優勢的“窗口期”，加緊前瞻佈局、加快轉化應用，著力打造武器裝備“撒手鐧”，實現戰鬥力跨越式發展。另一方面，要注重謀求高品質的「穩」。著眼與國家戰略需求相匹配、與戰爭準備進程相銜接，堅持從戰爭實際出發，科學合理制定新質戰鬥力建設發展頂層規劃，突出長期制約戰鬥力生成的技術短板、能力弱項等矛盾問題攻關，為新質戰鬥力夯實發展基礎、提供發展條件、積蓄發展後勁，推動質戰力穩步發展。

（作者單位：軍事科學院戰略評估諮詢中心）

季　明　許珺怡　時鵬翔

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/

#Chinese #Quantum #technology, #Chinese Military Joint Oprations, China Cyber Dilemma in the 21st Century, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Hacker Methodology 中國黑客, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization

Reshaping the PLA’s force Structure to Ensure Winning Future Battlefields

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重塑解放軍部隊結構，確保贏得未來戰場

現代英語：

The reason why outstanding professional athletes can maximize their physical capabilities compared to ordinary people lies in the fact that long-term scientific training strengthens their bones, removes excess fat and bulges their muscles, and achieves a perfect proportion and coordination of the body’s functional elements. Similarly, those armies that can dominate the battlefield and fully exert their combat effectiveness are all powerful forces that have achieved an optimized combination of military force systems in their respective eras.

“Military tactics are ever-changing, just as water has no fixed shape.” Since its inception, the People’s Liberation Army has continuously innovated its force structure in response to changes in the situation and tasks and the needs of actual military struggles. In particular, the several major streamlining and reorganizations since the reform and opening up have promoted the continuous optimization of the PLA’s size, structure, and force composition, effectively liberating and developing its combat capabilities.

“Standard systems cannot meet the demands of change, and one approach cannot address all situations.” Faced with the rapidly evolving nature of warfare in the world today and the new requirements for the expansion of the PLA’s missions and tasks, the shortcomings and weaknesses in the PLA’s force structure have once again become prominent. Problems such as excessive size and scale, imbalance in major proportions, insufficient proportion of new combat capabilities, and low degree of modularization and integration of troops have become bottlenecks affecting and restricting the improvement of the PLA’s combat capabilities and its ability to win future battlefields.

In matters of the world, “what must be seized is the momentum, and what must not be missed is the opportunity.” Only by assessing the situation and seizing the moment can one “easily gain advantage.” The world today faces unprecedented changes. The rapid development of global technological and military revolutions has historically converged with the deepening of my country’s efforts to strengthen its military. Changes in warfare, technology, and the overall landscape of struggle are profoundly impacting national security and military strategy. The historical responsibility of reshaping and rebuilding the PLA’s force structure, and constructing a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics capable of winning informationized wars and effectively fulfilling its missions, has been placed before the People’s Liberation Army.

The system determines the structure and function. The composition of the military’s force system determines the size of the military’s energy and the form, scale, and effect of releasing that energy in the appropriate time and space. The Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission, and President Xi Jinping, after careful consideration and decisive decision-making, comprehensively launched reforms to the size, structure, and force composition of the military, undertaking a holistic and revolutionary reshaping of the PLA’s force system. This strategic deployment is a crucial step in rationally allocating and optimizing the PLA’s force system, gaining the initiative in future fierce military competition by “strengthening its muscles and bones.”

“One part planning, nine parts implementation”—the restructuring of the PLA’s force system has been rapidly and steadily unfolding. The total number of officers has decreased, with a batch of civilian personnel or soldiers in brand-new uniforms filling the original officer positions, thus optimizing the officer-to-soldier ratio. The number of active-duty personnel in regimental-level and above organs has been significantly reduced, resulting in a marked optimization of the ratio between organs and troops, and between combat and non-combat units. Despite the reduction in the overall size of the military, the number of personnel in combat units has increased rather than decreased, making the “muscle” stronger. The size of the army has been reduced, with traditional branches and outdated equipment units being repurposed for new combat forces, optimizing the structure of the services and increasing the proportion of new combat capabilities, making the “skeleton” stronger. With a more streamlined size, more scientific organization, and more optimized layout, the PLA is continuously transforming from a quantity-oriented to a quality- and efficiency-oriented force, and from a labor-intensive to a technology-intensive force. The organization of troops is developing towards being more robust, integrated, multi-functional, and flexible, and a joint combat force system with elite combat forces as its main body has been basically formed.

The reshaping of the force structure has unlocked the full potential for combat effectiveness, enabling the PLA to take solid steps toward achieving the Party’s goal of building a strong military under the new circumstances. This provides a stronger guarantee for effectively safeguarding my country’s sovereignty, security, and development interests, and for making greater contributions to maintaining world peace and stability.

With sails hoisted high, the People’s Liberation Army embarks on a journey across vast oceans. Reborn and transformed, the People’s Liberation Army will surely achieve new leaps forward on the path to building a strong military with Chinese characteristics and stride towards an even more glorious future!

現代國語：

優秀專業運動員與一般人相比，之所以能把人體機能發揮到極限，關鍵在於長期的科學訓練強壯了骨骼，去除了多餘的贅肉與脂肪，實現了人體機能要素群的完美比例與配合。同樣道理，那些能夠笑傲疆場充分發揮出戰鬥力能效的軍隊，無不是在其所處時代實現了軍事力量體系優化組合的雄師勁旅。

「兵無常勢，水無常形。」人民軍隊自誕生以來，力量體系構成一直隨著形勢任務的變化和現實軍事鬥爭的需要而不斷自我革新。特別是改革開放以來幾次大的精簡整編，推動了我軍規模結構和力量編成的不斷優化，有效解放和發展了戰鬥力。

「常制不可以待變化，一塗不可以應萬方。」面對當今世界戰爭形態加速演變新趨勢、我軍使命任務拓展新要求，我軍力量體系構成方面的不足和短板再次凸顯，規模體量偏大、重大比例關係失衡、新質戰鬥力比重偏小、部隊模組化合成化程度低等問題，成為影響力、制約軍場戰鬥力提升、制約軍場等問題，成為影響力、制約軍場的戰鬥力提升、制約軍場等問題，成為影響力、制約軍場戰鬥力提升、制約軍場等問題，成為影響力、制約軍場等問題，成為影響力、制約軍場等問題，成為影響力、制約軍場戰鬥力提升、制約軍戰的未來。

天下事，“所當乘者勢也，不可失者時也”，審時度勢，乘勢而上，才能“取之易也”。當今世界面臨前所未有之大變局，世界科技革命、軍事革命迅速發展與我國強軍興軍事業的深入推進歷史性地交匯在一起，戰爭之變、科技之變、鬥爭格局之變深刻影響國家安全和軍事戰略全局。實現我軍力量體系的重塑再造，建構能夠打贏資訊化戰爭、有效履行使命任務的中國特色現代軍事力量體系，這一重任歷史性地擺在人民軍隊面前。

體系決定結構和功能，軍隊的力量體系構成，決定了軍隊能量的大小及其在適當的時間和空間內釋放能量的形態、規模與效果。黨中央、中央軍委會和習主席審時度勢、果斷決策，全面啟動軍隊規模結構與力量編成改革，對我軍力量體系進行整體性、革命性重塑。這項戰略部署是對我軍力量體系進行合理編配與優化組合，透過「強肌、壯骨骼」贏得未來激烈軍事競爭主動權的關鍵一環。

“一分部署，九分落實”，我軍力量體系重塑快速而穩健地鋪開。軍官總數減少，一群身穿嶄新制服的文職人員或士兵補充到原軍官崗位上，官兵比例得到優化。團級以上機關現役員額明顯壓縮，機關與部隊比例、作戰部隊與非戰鬥單位比例已明顯優化。在軍隊總規模壓下來以後，作戰部隊人員不減反增，「肌肉」更豐滿了。壓縮陸軍規模，傳統兵種及老舊裝備部隊為新型作戰力量“騰籠換鳥”，軍兵種結構得到優化，新質戰鬥力的比重增加，“骨骼”更加強壯了。規模更精幹、編成更科學、佈局更優化，不斷推動我軍由數量規模型向質量效能型、由人力密集型向科技密集型的轉變，部隊編成向充實、合成、多能、靈活方向發展，以精銳作戰力量為主體的聯合作戰力量體系基本形成。

力量體系的重塑打通了激活戰鬥力的“任督二脈”，我軍向著實現黨在新形勢下的強軍目標邁出了堅實步伐，為有效捍衛我國主權安全發展利益、為維護世界和平穩定作出更大貢獻提供了更加堅強有力的保證。

雲帆已高掛，征程濟滄海。換羽重生的人民軍隊一定能夠在中國特色強軍之路上實現新的跨越、邁向更光輝的未來！

中國軍網 國防部網
2018年12月18日 星期二

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2018-12/18/content_282834834.htm

#Artificial #Intelligence, #cyber #warfare, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #網路戰爭, #認知戰, Asymmetric Warfare, China Cyber Dilemma in the 21st Century, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Combat Planning, Cross-domain attacks, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Strategic Support Forces, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊做好戰爭準備, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Chinese Military Intelligence Drives Accelerated Development of Cyberspace Warfare

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中國軍事情報推動網絡空間戰爭加速發展

現代英語：

The report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to “accelerate the development of military intelligence and improve joint operational capabilities and all-domain operational capabilities based on network information systems.” Today’s *PLA Daily* published an article stating that military intelligence is a new trend and direction in the development of the military field after mechanization and informatization. We must develop intelligence on the basis of existing mechanization and informatization, while using intelligence to drive mechanization and informatization to a higher level and a higher standard. Cyberspace, as a new operational domain, is a new field with high technological content and the greatest innovative vitality. Under the impetus of military intelligence, it is ushering in a period of rapid development opportunities.Illustration: Lei Yu

Military intelligence is driving the accelerated development of cyberspace operations.

■ Respected soldiers Zhou Dewang Huang Anwei

Three key technologies support the intelligentization of cyberspace weapons.

Intelligence is a kind of wisdom and capability; it is the perception, cognition, and application of laws by all systems with life cycles. Intelligentization is the solidification of this wisdom and capability into a state. Cyberspace weapons are weapons used to carry out combat missions in cyberspace. Their form is primarily software and code, essentially a piece of data. The intelligence of cyberspace weapons is mainly reflected in the following three aspects:

First, there’s intelligent vulnerability discovery. Vulnerabilities are the foundation of cyber weapon design. The ransomware that spread globally this May exploited a vulnerability in the Microsoft operating system, causing a huge shock in the cybersecurity community. Vulnerabilities are expensive, with a single zero-day vulnerability costing tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars. Previously, vulnerability discovery relied mainly on experienced hackers using software tools to inspect and analyze code. However, at the International Cybersecurity Technology Competition finals held during this year’s China Internet Security Conference, participants demonstrated how intelligent robots could discover vulnerabilities on-site, then use these vulnerabilities to write network code, creating cyber weapons to breach target systems and capture the flag. This change signifies that vulnerability discovery has entered the era of intelligent technology.

Second, intelligent signal analysis and cryptography. Signals are the carriers of network data transmission, and cryptography is the last line of defense for network data security. Signal analysis and cryptography are core technologies for cyberspace warfare. Breaking through signals and cryptography is the fundamental path to entering cyberspace and a primary target of cyber weapons attacks. Intelligent signal analysis solves problems such as signal protocol analysis, modulation identification, and individual identification through technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and deep learning. Cryptography is the “crown jewel” of computational science. Intelligent cryptography, through the accumulation of cryptographic data samples, continuously learns and searches for patterns to find the key to decryption, thereby opening the last door of the network data “safe” and solving the critical links of network intrusion and access.

Thirdly, there is the design of intelligent weapon platforms. In 2009, the U.S. military proposed the “Cyber ​​Aircraft” project, providing platforms similar to armored vehicles, ships, and aircraft for cyberspace operations. These platforms can automatically conduct reconnaissance, load cyber weapons, autonomously coordinate, and autonomously attack in cyberspace. When threatened, they can self-destruct and erase traces, exhibiting a certain degree of intelligence. In the future, the weapons loaded onto “Cyber ​​Aircraft” will not be pre-written code by software engineers, but rather intelligent cyber weapons will be designed in real-time based on discovered vulnerabilities, enabling “order-based” development and significantly improving the targeting of cyberspace operations.

The trend of intelligentization in network-controlled weapons is becoming increasingly prominent.

Weapons controlled by cyberspace, or cyber-controlled weapons, are weapons that connect to a network, receive commands from cyberspace, execute cross-domain missions, and achieve combat effects in physical space. Most future combat weapon platforms will be networked, making military information networks essentially the Internet of Things (IoT). These networks connect to satellites, radars, drones, and other network entities, enabling control from perception and detection to tracking, positioning, and strike. The intelligence of cyber-controlled weapons is rapidly developing across land, sea, air, space, and cyber domains.

In 2015, Syria used a Russian robotic force to defeat militants. The operation employed six tracked robots, four wheeled robots, an automated artillery corps, several drones, and a command system. Commanders used the command system to direct drones to locate militants, and the robots then charged, supported by artillery and drone fire, inflicting heavy casualties. This small-scale battle marked the beginning of robotic “team” operations.

Network-controlled intelligent weapons for naval and air battlefields are under extensive research and development and verification. In 2014, the U.S. Navy used 13 unmanned surface vessels to demonstrate and verify the interception of enemy ships by unmanned surface vessel swarms, mainly by exchanging sensor data, and achieved good results. When tested again in 2016, functions such as collaborative task allocation and tactical coordination were added, and “swarm awareness” became its prominent feature of intelligence.

The development of swarms of small, micro-sized drones for aerial combat is also rapid. In recent years, the U.S. Department of Defense has conducted multiple tests of the Partridge micro-drone, capable of deploying dozens or even hundreds at a time. By enhancing its coordination capabilities during reconnaissance missions, progress has been made in drone formation, command, control, and intelligent management.

Space-based cyber-control weapons are becoming increasingly “intelligent.” The space-based cyber-control domain primarily comprises two categories of weapons: reconnaissance and strike weapons. Satellites of various functions mainly perform reconnaissance missions and are typical reconnaissance sensors. With the emergence of various microsatellite constellations, satellites are exhibiting new characteristics: small size, rapid launch, large numbers, and greater intelligence. Microsatellite constellations offer greater flexibility and reliability in performing reconnaissance and communication missions, and currently, the world’s leading satellite powers are actively developing microsatellite constellation plans with broader coverage.

Various hypersonic strike weapons are cruising in the air, like a sword of Damocles hanging over people’s heads. The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory stated that the “hypersonic strike weapon” will begin flight testing around 2018, and other countries are also actively developing similar weapons. The most prominent features of these weapons are their high speed, long range, and high level of intelligence.

Intelligent command information systems are changing traditional combat command methods.

Cyber ​​weapons and weapons controlled by cyberspace constitute the “fist” of intelligent warfare, while the command information systems that direct the use of these weapons are the “brain” of intelligent warfare. Cyberspace operational command information systems must keep pace with the process of intelligentization. Currently, almost all global command information systems face the challenge of “intelligent lag.” Future warfare requires rapid and autonomous decision-making, which places higher demands on intelligent support systems.

In 2007, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) launched the “Deep Green Program,” a research and development program for command and control systems, aiming to enable computer-aided commanders to make rapid decisions and gain a decisive advantage. This is a campaign-level command information system, developed to be embedded into the U.S. Army’s brigade-level C4ISR wartime command information system, enabling intelligent command by commanders. Even today, the U.S. military has not relaxed its development of intelligent command information systems.

In cyberspace warfare, network targets are represented by a single IP address accessing the network. Their sheer number makes efficient manual operation difficult, necessitating the support of intelligent command and information systems. Currently, intelligent command and information systems need to achieve functions such as intelligent intelligence analysis, intelligent sensing, intelligent navigation and positioning, intelligent decision support, intelligent collaboration, intelligent assessment, and intelligent unmanned combat. In particular, they must enable swarm operational control of unmanned network control systems. All of these requirements urgently demand intelligent command and information systems, necessitating accelerated research and development and application of relevant key technologies.

In conclusion, intelligent cyber weapons and network control weapons, coordinated through intelligent information systems, will form enormous combat capabilities, essentially enabling them to carry out all actions in current combat scenarios. Future warfare, from command force organization to target selection, action methods, and tactical applications, will all unfold within an intelligent context. The “gamification” of warfare will become more pronounced, and operational command methods will undergo significant changes.

In future battlefields, combat will require not only courage but also intelligence.

■ Yang Jian, Zhao Lu

Currently, artificial intelligence is entering a new stage of development and is rapidly penetrating various fields. Influenced by this process, military competition among nations surrounding intelligent technologies has begun. Our army has always been a brave and tenacious people’s army, determined to fight and win. On the future battlefield, we should continue to carry forward our glorious traditions while more broadly mastering and utilizing the latest technological achievements to develop more intelligent weapons and equipment, thereby gaining a decisive advantage on the future battlefield.

Intelligentization is a trend in human societal development, and intelligent warfare is rapidly approaching. The development of military intelligence has a solid foundation thanks to successful innovations that transcend existing computational models, the gradual popularization of nanotechnology, and breakthroughs in research on the mechanisms of the human brain. Consequently, intelligent weaponry is increasingly prominent, surpassing and even replacing human capabilities in areas such as intelligence analysis and combat response. Furthermore, intelligent weaponry offers significant advantages in terms of manpower requirements, comprehensive support, and operating costs, and is increasingly becoming the dominant force in warfare.

The development and application of intelligent weaponry have proven to expand the scope of military operations and significantly enhance the combat effectiveness of troops. In the battlefields of Afghanistan and Iraq, drones have undertaken most of the reconnaissance, intelligence, and surveillance support missions, and have been responsible for approximately one-third of the air strike missions. In the past two years, Russia has also repeatedly used highly intelligent unmanned reconnaissance aircraft and combat robots in the Syrian theater. Intelligent weaponry is increasingly demonstrating its significant value, surpassing that of traditional weapons.

In future wars, the contest of intelligent combat systems will be the key to victory in high-level competition and ultimate showdowns. As the development of technology-supported military means becomes increasingly uneven, whoever first acquires the capability to conduct intelligent warfare will be better positioned to seize the initiative on the battlefield. Those with a technological advantage will minimize the costs of war, while the weaker will inevitably suffer enormous losses and pay a heavy price. We must not only accelerate innovation in core technologies and the development of weaponry, but also research and explore organizational structures, command methods, and operational models adapted to the development of intelligent military operations. Furthermore, we must cultivate a talent pool capable of promoting intelligent military development and forging intelligent combat capabilities, fully leveraging the overall effectiveness of our military’s combat system, and winning wars in a more “intelligent” manner against our adversaries.

現代國語：

党的十九大报告指出，要“加快军事智能化发展，提高基于网络信息体系的联合作战能力、全域作战能力”。今天的《解放军报》刊发文章指出，军事智能化是机械化、信息化之后军事领域发展的新趋势和新方向，我们要在现有机械化和信息化基础上发展智能化，同时用智能化牵引机械化和信息化向更高水平、更高层次发展。网络空间作为新型作战领域，是科技含量高、最具创新活力的新领域，在军事智能化的牵引下，正在迎来快速发展的机遇期。制图：雷 煜

军事智能化牵引网络空间作战加速发展

■敬兵 周德旺 皇安伟

三大技术支撑网络空间武器智能化

智能是一种智慧和能力，是一切有生命周期的系统对规律的感应、认知与运用，智能化就是把这种智慧和能力固化下来，成为一种状态。网络空间武器是网络空间遂行作战任务的武器，其形态以软件和代码为主，本质上是一段数据。网络空间武器的智能化主要体现在以下三个方面：

一是智能化漏洞挖掘。漏洞是网络武器设计的基础，今年5月在全球范围内传播的勒索病毒软件，就是利用了微软操作系统漏洞，给网络安全界带来了巨大震动。漏洞价格昂贵，一个零日漏洞价值几万到几十万美元不等。以往漏洞的发现，主要依靠有经验的黑客，利用软件工具对代码进行检查和分析。在今年中国互联网安全大会期间举办的国际网络安全技术对抗联赛总决赛中，参赛人员演示由智能机器人现场进行漏洞挖掘，然后通过漏洞编写网络代码，形成网络武器，攻破目标系统，夺取旗帜。这一变化，意味着漏洞挖掘进入了智能化时代。

二是智能化信号分析和密码破译。信号是网络数据传输的载体，密码是网络数据安全最后的屏障，信号分析和密码破译是网络空间作战的核心技术，突破信号和密码是进入网络空间的基本路径，是网络武器攻击的首要目标。智能化信号分析将信号的协议分析、调制识别、个体识别等问题，通过大数据、云计算、深度学习等技术进行解决。密码破译是计算科学“皇冠上的明珠”，智能化密码破译通过对密码数据样本的积累，不断学习、寻找规律，能找到破译的钥匙，从而打开网络数据“保险柜”的最后一道门，解决网络入侵和接入的关键环节。

三是智能化武器平台设计。美军在2009年提出“网络飞行器”项目，为网络空间作战提供像战车、舰艇、飞机这样的平台，可以实现在网络空间里自动侦察、加载网络武器、自主协同、自主攻击，受到威胁时自我销毁、清除痕迹，具备了一定的智能化特征。未来“网络飞行器”加载的武器，不是软件人员编好的代码，而是根据侦察结果直接对发现的漏洞，现场实时进行智能化网络武器设计，实现“订购式”开发，从而极大地提高网络空间作战的针对性。

网控武器的智能化趋势愈加凸显

受网络空间控制的武器简称网控武器，是通过网络连接，接受网络空间指令，执行跨域任务，在物理空间达成作战效果的武器。未来的各种作战武器平台，大多是联网的武器平台，这样军事信息网本质上就是物联网，上联卫星、雷达、无人机等网络实体，从感知到发现、跟踪、定位、打击都可通过网络空间控制，网控武器的智能化已在陆海空天电等战场蓬勃发展。

2015年，叙利亚利用俄罗斯机器人军团击溃武装分子，行动采用了包括6个履带式机器人、4个轮式机器人、1个自动化火炮群、数架无人机和1套指挥系统。指挥员通过指挥系统调度无人机侦察发现武装分子，机器人向武装分子发起冲锋，同时伴随火炮和无人机攻击力量支援，对武装分子进行了致命打击。这仅仅是一场小规模的战斗，却开启了机器人“组团”作战的先河。

海空战场网控智能武器正在大量研发验证。2014年，美国海军使用13艘无人水面艇，演示验证无人艇集群拦截敌方舰艇，主要通过交换传感器数据，取得了不错的效果。2016年再次试验时，新增了协同任务分配、战术配合等功能，“蜂群意识”成为其智能化的显著特点。

用于空中作战的小微型无人机蜂群也在快速发展。近年来，美国国防部多次试验“山鹑”微型无人机，可一次投放数十架乃至上百架，通过提升其执行侦察任务时的协同能力，在无人机编队、指挥、控制、智能化管理等方面都取得了进展。

空天网控武器越来越“聪明”。空天领域主要包含侦察和打击两类网控武器，各种功能的卫星主要执行侦察任务，是典型的侦察传感器。随着各种小微卫星群的出现，使卫星表现出新的特征：体积小、发射快、数量多、更加智能。小微卫星群在执行侦察和通信任务时，有了更大的灵活度和可靠性，目前世界卫星强国都在积极制定覆盖范围更广的小微卫星群计划。

各种高超音速打击武器在空天巡航，仿佛悬在人们头顶的利剑。美国空军研究室称“高速打击武器”将在2018年前后启动飞行试验，其它各国也正在积极研发类似武器。这类武器最大的特点是速度快、航程远、智能化程度高。

智能化指挥信息系统改变传统作战指挥方式

网络空间武器和受网络空间控制的武器，是智能化战争的“拳头”，而指挥这些武器运用的指挥信息系统是智能化战争的“大脑”，网络空间作战指挥信息系统要同步跟上智能化的进程。当前，几乎全球的指挥信息系统都面临着“智能滞后”的难题，未来战争需要快速决策、自主决策，这对智能辅助系统提出了更高要求。

2007年，美国国防部高级研究计划局启动关于指挥控制系统的研发计划——“深绿计划”，以期能实现计算机辅助指挥员快速决策赢得制胜先机。这是一个战役战术级的指挥信息系统，其研发目的是将该系统嵌入美国陆军旅级C4ISR战时指挥信息系统中去，实现指挥员的智能化指挥。直到今天，美军也没有放松对智能化指挥信息系统的开发。

在网络空间作战中，网络目标表现为一个接入网络的IP地址，数量众多导致人工难以高效操作，作战更需要智能化指挥信息系统的辅助支撑。当前，智能化指挥信息系统需要实现智能情报分析、智能感知、智能导航定位、智能辅助决策、智能协同、智能评估、智能化无人作战等功能，尤其是实现对无人网控系统的集群作战操控，这都对智能化指挥信息系统提出了迫切需求，需要加快相应关键技术的研发和运用。

综上所述，智能化的网络武器和网控武器，通过智能化的信息系统调度，将形成巨大的作战能力，基本能遂行现行作战样式中的所有行动。未来战争，从指挥力量编组、到目标选择、行动方式、战法运用等，都将在智能化的背景下展开，战争“游戏化”的特点将更显著，作战指挥方式也将发生重大变化。

未来战场 斗勇更需斗“智”

■杨建　赵璐

当前，人工智能发展进入崭新阶段，并开始向各个领域加速渗透。受这一进程的影响，各国围绕智能化的军事竞争已拉开帷幕。我军历来是一支英勇顽强、敢打必胜的人民军队，未来战场上应继续发扬光荣传统，同时要更加广泛地掌握和利用最新的科技成果，研制出更多智能化的武器装备，在未来战场上掌握制胜先机。

智能化是人类社会发展的趋势，智能化战争正在加速到来。正是由于超越原有体系结构计算模型的成功创新、纳米制造技术的逐步普及，以及对人脑机理研究的突破性进展，军事智能化发展才拥有了坚实的基础。因此，智能化武器装备的表现日益突出，并在情报分析、战斗反应等方面开始超越并替代人类。此外，在人力需求、综合保障、运行成本等方面，智能化武器装备也具有明显的优势，正在日益成为战争的主导力量。

事实证明，智能化武器装备的发展应用，拓展了军事行动的能力范围，大幅提升了部队的作战效能。在阿富汗和伊拉克战场上，无人机已承担了大部分侦察、情报、监视等作战保障任务，并担负了约三分之一的空中打击任务。近两年，俄罗斯在叙利亚战场上也多次使用具有较高智能化程度的无人侦察机、战斗机器人等装备。智能化武器装备正在愈来愈多地展现出超越传统武器的重要价值。

未来战争中，作战体系智能化的较量将是高手过招、巅峰对决的制胜关键。随着以科技为支撑的军事手段发展的不平衡性越来越大，谁先具备实施智能化作战的能力，谁就更能掌握战场的主动权，拥有技术代差优势的强者会尽可能将战争成本降到最低，而弱者必然遭受巨大损失，付出惨重代价。我们不仅要加紧核心技术创新、武器装备研制，还要研究探索适应军事智能化发展的组织结构、指挥方式和运用模式，更要培养一支能够担起推进军事智能化发展、锻造智能化作战能力的人才队伍，充分发挥我军作战体系的整体效能，在与对手的较量中，以更加“智慧”的方式赢得战争。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jwzl/2017-11/24/content_7841898885.htm

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Talent Base, Research Content & Innovative Methods Enhanc Modernization of China’s Military Theory Under Empowerment of Science and Technology

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人才基礎、研究內容與創新方法提昇科技賦能下的中國軍事理論現代化

現代英語：

Empowering military theory modernization with technology

■Chen Jihao and Liu Yangyue

At present, with the accelerated evolution of a new round of military revolution and the rapid development of disruptive military science and technology, the modernization of military theory has increasingly become a modernization that closely combines military theory with military science and technology and promotes the continuous innovation of military theory with the empowerment of science and technology. To accelerate the modernization of military theory, it is necessary to correctly recognize the development relationship between military science and technology and military theory, and explore the talent base, research content and innovation methods of the modernization of military theory under the empowerment of science and technology.

Cultivating innovative military theoretical talents led by science and technology

Talents are the main body of military theory innovation, and building a high-level, complex team of theoretical innovation talents is the key to realizing the modernization of military theory. Modern military theory research presents a situation of mutual intersection and deep integration of natural sciences and social sciences. It is necessary to cultivate a large number of military innovation talents with integrated science and technology, create a collaborative and open theoretical innovation organization model, and provide intellectual support for promoting the modernization of military theory.

First, military theory researchers must have a “scientific and technological mind” to enhance their understanding, application and discernment of science and technology. Military theory researchers must keep abreast of the latest developments in science and technology, use multidisciplinary cross-border thinking to understand the full meaning of science and technology, and tap the huge military potential of cutting-edge science and technology; they must focus on introducing scientific research methods into military theory research, borrow methods such as big data analysis to study military theory, combine qualitative research with quantitative research, and overcome the limitations of the original military theory research that is experience-oriented and lacks precision; at the same time, they must be good at identifying those “pseudo-sciences” that claim to be at the forefront of science and technology, and see through the technological “fog” released by competitors. Second, military science and technology researchers must have theoretical thinking. Military science and technology researchers should overcome the narrow-minded thinking of “technological determinism”, realize that natural sciences and social sciences are intertwined rather than diametrically opposed, and actively use scientific theories to guide military research. At the same time, they should focus on learning and studying advanced military theories, strengthen their understanding of the war situation and winning mechanism, and deepen their understanding of the application value and development trend of military technology. Thirdly, establish and improve the exchange and cooperation mechanism between theoretical talents and scientific and technological talents. Based on comprehensive research topics, experts from various fields can be widely drawn to form interdisciplinary joint research groups, give full play to their respective strengths, and ignite theoretical innovation sparks in constant cross-collisions. Different types of research units can also select personnel for cross-appointments, so as to encourage theoretical and scientific talents to learn from each other and grow together, open up disciplinary and innovation chains, and enhance the overall effectiveness of theoretical innovation.

Focus on science and technology-led military theory research content

Although there are some universal principles in military theory, the specific content will continue to change with the evolution of the times and practice. In today’s world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution is advancing by leaps and bounds. The emergence of a series of high-tech technologies and their extensive application in the military field have triggered profound changes in the mechanisms, elements and methods of winning wars, providing new research objects for military theory research.

First, we need to study powerful enemies. The confrontational nature of war determines that military theory research must keep a close eye on the changes of powerful enemies and compete for the commanding heights of military theory. At present, the world’s major powers are stepping up the development of new operational concepts and tactics in response to cutting-edge technologies. Military theory research must adhere to the principle of “you fight yours, I fight mine”, and use the method of “dissecting sparrows” to clarify the opponent’s operational concepts, methods and capabilities. At the same time, we must keep a close eye on changes in science and technology, strengthen the development of new operational concepts, and achieve a transition from follow-up research to synchronization and then to catching up, so as to form an asymmetric balance of power in military theory. Secondly, we must study intelligent warfare. In today’s world, the development of disruptive cutting-edge technologies has promoted the evolution of war forms towards intelligence, and the temporal and spatial characteristics and offensive and defensive modes of war have undergone profound changes. Military theory research should focus on intelligent warfare, accurately grasp the laws and characteristics of intelligent warfare, actively predict the impact of science and technology on future wars, and realize the transformation from passive adaptation to active design of war. Thirdly, we should study new quality combat power. The development of science and technology has given rise to new quality combat power, changed the combination of people and weapons, and directly contributed to the birth of new quality combat power. For example, in the future battlefield, human-machine integrated joint combat actions will become an important combat mode, and it will be possible for a small number of soldiers to lead a large number of “bee swarms”, “fish swarms” and ” ant swarms” to conduct intelligent cluster combat. Military theory research should focus on new types of combat capabilities, seize opportunities in emerging fields, take the initiative, and proactively explore the generation paths and release patterns of new types of combat capabilities. Advanced theories should be used to guide and drive the construction of new types of combat forces in new domains, providing theoretical support for accelerating the incubation and generation of new types of combat capabilities.

Create a military theory research paradigm supported by science and technology

The intelligent science paradigm is called the “fifth paradigm” of scientific research. It is a cross-domain scientific research paradigm supported by artificial intelligence technology, integrating human values ​​​​and knowledge, and characterized by human-machine integration. Entering the era of intelligence, big data and artificial intelligence are developing rapidly, requiring the “intelligent factor” to be organically integrated into the practice of military theoretical research in an all-round way, opening up the “fifth paradigm” of military theoretical research.

First, explore data-centric research methods. Artificial intelligence technology can comprehensively collect battlefield intelligence data on a large scale, efficiently screen and integrate multi-source data, and realize nonlinear coupling and complex correlation of cross-domain and cross-scenario data. We must give full play to the powerful functions of artificial intelligence technology in multi-dimensional data collection and multi-dimensional data processing, open up the data links between military theories, technologies, equipment and other elements, and realize data-centric cross-domain synergy and efficiency among various research elements, and connect the “underlying channel” of the integration of theory and technology. Secondly, innovate the research model of human-machine collaboration. With the continuous improvement of the intelligence level of machines, the research model of ” human-host-machine-slave” has gradually changed to “human-machine integration.” The global knowledge and associative prediction capabilities of artificial intelligence are helping researchers break through the limitations of traditional thinking, eliminate traditional field divisions, and open up a ” brainstorm” in military theory research. We need to explore innovative models for deep integration of humans and machines, establish a dynamic feedback mechanism for positive-sum games, combine researchers’ nonlinear abstract thinking with the powerful computing power of machines, and achieve knowledge integration and communication, dynamic simulation and deduction, forward-looking analysis and decision-making, providing the greatest wisdom increment for military theory research. Secondly, create a “pre-practice” platform for military theory. Practice is the “touchstone” for testing the results of military theory. Only by constantly moving from practice to theory and then to practice can we achieve a spiral rise in military theory. On the one hand, we can use advanced scientific and technological means such as virtual reality technology and artificial intelligence technology to build a virtual experimental platform, simulate and simulate combat scenarios and combat power generation processes through deduction, analysis, evaluation and other means, and test the practicality and operability of conceptual design in a realistic experimental environment, so as to continuously improve and develop military theory; we can also use generative artificial intelligence to generate “semi-factual” combat scenarios, directly display the combat process and results in a visual way, inspire the thinking of military theorists, and shorten the new theory generation cycle. On the other hand, comprehensive live-fire training activities are used to conduct comprehensive combat experiments under the preset future battlefield environment and combat conditions, which complement virtual experiments and provide more reliable pre-practice quantitative data to verify and develop military theories in an environment closer to actual combat.

現代國語：

以科技賦能軍事理論現代化

■陳紀豪 劉楊鉞

當前，隨著新一輪軍事革命的加速演進和顛覆性軍事科技的高速發展，軍事理論現代化日益成為軍事理論與軍事科技緊密結合、以科技賦能推動軍事理論不斷創新的現代化。加速軍事理論現代化，需要正確認識軍事科技與軍事理論的發展關系，探索科技賦能下軍事理論現代化的人才基礎、研究內容與創新方法。

培養科技引領的軍事理論創新人才

人才是軍事理論創新的主體，建立一支高層次複合型的理論創新人才隊伍是實現軍事理論現代化的關鍵。現代軍事理論研究呈現自然科學與社會科學相互交叉、深度融合的局面，需要培養大量理技融合型軍事創新人才，打造協同開放的理論創新組織模式，為推動軍事理論現代化提供智力支持。

首先，軍事理論研究人員要有“科技頭腦”，增強對科技的理解力、運用力和鑑別力。軍事理論研究人員要及時掌握最新的科技發展動態，利用多學科交叉的跨界思維理解科技中蘊含的全部意義，發掘前沿科技的巨大軍事潛力；要注重將科學研究的方法引入軍事理論研究，借鑑大數據分析等方法來研究軍事理論，將定性研究和定量研究結合起來，克服原有軍事理論研究經驗主導和精確性不足的局限；與此同時，還要善於識破那些打著科技前沿名號的“偽科學”，看清競爭對手釋放的科技“迷霧”。其次，軍事科技研究人員要有理論思維。軍事科技研究人員要克服「技術決定論」的狹隘思維，認識到自然科學和社會科學是相互交織而非截然對立的，主動用科學的理論去指導軍事科研，同時注重對先進軍事理論的學習和研究，加強對戰爭形態和製勝機理的認識，深化對軍事技術應用價值和發展趨勢的理解。再次，建立健全理論人才與科技人才的交流合作機制。可綜合性研究課題為牽引，廣泛抽調各領域專家組成跨學科聯合課題研究組，發揮各自特長，在不斷地交叉碰撞之中點燃理論創新火花。不同類型的研究單位還可以互相選派人員進行交叉任職，促使理論人才和科技人才相互借鑑、共同成長，打通學科鏈、創新鏈，提升理論創新整體效能。

聚焦科技主導的軍事理論研究內容

軍事理論中雖然有著一些古今通用的原理，但具體內容會隨著時代和實踐的演進而不斷變化。當今世界，新一輪科技革命和產業革命突飛猛進，一系列高新技術的出現和在軍事領域的廣泛運用，引發戰爭制勝機理、制勝要素和製勝方式的深刻變化，為軍事理論研究提供了新的研究對象。

首先，要研究強敵對手。戰爭的對抗性決定了軍事理論研究必須緊盯強敵之變，爭奪軍事理論制高點。當前，世界主要大國正在針對前沿科技加緊開發新的作戰概念與戰術戰法，軍事理論研究要堅持“你打你的，我打我的”，以“解剖麻雀”的方式把對手的作戰概念、作戰方式和作戰能力搞清楚。同時要緊盯科技之變，加強開發新的作戰概念，實現從跟進研究到同步再到趕超，在軍事理論上形成非對稱制衡優勢。其次，要研究智能化戰爭。當今世界，顛覆性前沿科技的發展助推戰爭形態朝向智慧化演進，戰爭的時空特性和攻防模式已經發生深刻改變。軍事理論研究要聚焦智慧化戰爭，精確掌握智慧化戰爭規律與特點，積極預測科技對未來戰爭的影響，實現從被動適應戰爭轉變為主動設計戰爭。再次，要研究新質戰鬥力。科技的發展催生了新質作戰力量，改變了人和武器的結合方式，直接促成了新質戰鬥力的誕生。例如，未來戰場人機一體的聯合作戰行動將成為重要作戰樣態，極少數士兵帶領數量龐大的「蜂群」「魚群」「蟻群」進行智慧集群作戰成為可能。軍事理論研究要聚焦新質戰鬥力，在新興領域中抓住機遇，下好先手棋、打好主動仗，前瞻探索新質戰鬥力的生成路徑和釋放規律，以先進理論牽引拉動新域新質作戰力量建設，為加速新質戰鬥力的孵化與生成提供理論支撐。

打造科技支撐的軍事理論研究範式

智慧科學範式被稱為科學研究的“第五範式”，是一種以人工智慧技術為支撐，以融入人的價值和知識為手段，以人機共融為特徵的跨領域科學研究規範。進入智能化時代，大數據和人工智慧發展迅速，要求把「智能因子」全方位有機融入軍事理論研究實踐之中，開啟軍事理論研究的「第五範式」。

首先，探索以數據為中心的研究方法。人工智慧技術能夠大幅蒐集戰場情報數據，高效篩选和整合多源數據，實現跨域和跨場景數據非線性耦合和復雜關聯。要充分發揮人工智慧技術多元資料蒐集與多維資料處理的強大功能，打通軍事理論、技術、裝備等各要素之間的資料鏈路，實現各研究要素間以資料為中心的跨域協同增效，貫通理技融合的「底層通道」。其次，創新人機協同的研究模式。隨著機器智慧化程度的不斷提高，「人體主機從」的研究模式逐漸轉變為「人機融合」。人工智慧的全局知識和關聯預測能力正在幫助研究者突破傳統思維局限，消弭傳統領域分割，開啟軍事理論研究的「頭腦風暴」。要探索人機深度融合的創新模式，建立正和博弈的動態回饋機制，將研究者的非線性抽象思維與機器的強大算力優勢結合起來，實現知識整合與貫通、動態模擬與推演、前瞻分析及決策，為軍事理論研究提供最大智慧增量。再次，打造軍事理論「預實踐」平台。實踐是檢驗軍事理論成果的“試金石”，只有不斷地從實踐到理論再到實踐，才能實現軍事理論螺旋式上升。一方面，利用虛擬現實技術、人工智慧技術等先進科技手段建立虛擬實驗平台，透過推演、分析、評估等手段對作戰場景和戰鬥力生成過程進行模擬和模擬，在逼真的實驗環境中檢驗概念設計的實用性和可操作性，從而不斷完善和發展軍事理論；還可以利用生成式人工智慧生成「半事實」的作戰場景，以可視化的方式來直接展現戰鬥過程和結果，啟發軍事理論人員思維，縮短新理論生成週期。另一方面，綜合運用實兵演訓活動，在預設的未來戰場環境和作戰條件之下，進行綜合性作戰實驗，與虛擬實驗相互補充，提供更為可靠的預實踐量化數據，在更為接近實戰化的環境之中驗證與發展軍事理論。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16361834.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #中國太空軍, #中國的耗散戰, #中國軍事人工智慧武器化, #新興戰爭技術, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊做好戰爭準備, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知戰

Communist Party of China to Accelerate Transformation of Science and Technology Into Combat Power for China’s Military

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中國共產黨將加速推進科技向軍隊戰鬥力轉化

來源：解放軍報 作者：賀逸舒 邵龍飛等 責任編輯：王鳳 2022-11-02 09:36:33

現代英語：

The Chinese People’s Revolutionary Military Museum is always crowded with visitors. Among the visitors, a young man stood in front of the display board for a long time.

Looking at the picture of a certain type of satellite on the display board of the “New Era National Defense and Army Construction Achievements Exhibition”, Cao Lu, a researcher at the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute of the Academy of Military Science, was full of pride. Looking at the familiar smiling faces in the photos, Cao Lu recalled the time when satellites were being developed.

They once sat in front of their computers late at night, typing away at code, and they also once looked everywhere for interference factors… The bitter memories become sweeter the more they are savored.

“The times are calling us, and the people are expecting us. Only by being resolute and persevering can we live up to the times and the people.” At this moment, Cao Lu read this sentence from the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China again, and his feelings were even more profound. “Fortunately, our generation of young scientific researchers has caught up with a good era! I feel proud to be on the journey of strengthening the army with science and technology.”

The power of youth and the cause of innovation. At the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute of the Academy of Military Science, many young researchers like Cao Lu are brave enough to innovate and endure hardships on the stage of strengthening the military with science and technology, constantly improving the contribution of scientific research results to the growth of combat effectiveness and accelerating the transformation of science and technology into combat effectiveness.

“To thoroughly study, publicize and implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party, specifically for us young scientific researchers, is to throw ourselves into the era of innovation in national defense science and technology, take root in the front line of scientific research, and become good young people of the new era who have ideals, dare to take responsibility, can endure hardships, and are willing to work hard,” said Cao Lu.

Observation sample Academy of Military Science, National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute

Be enterprising and join the era of technological innovation

■Reporters from the People’s Liberation Army Daily: He Yishu, Shao Longfei, correspondents: Ren Fei, Zhang Zhihua

A vast stage opens in front of this group of young people

“The People’s Army has a new system, a new structure, a new pattern and a new look.” After in-depth study of the 20th CPC National Congress report, Zhang Youjun, director of the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute of the Academy of Military Science, was particularly impressed.

The National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute is a newly established unit after the reform and adjustment. In the five years of growing up with the institute, Zhang Youjun has personally experienced the changes in the system, structure, pattern and appearance brought about by the reform.

In January 2018, a group of young people, with an average age of just over 30, gathered from all directions and walked into this scientific research institution that had been officially established for just over three months. Among them were doctors who had studied abroad and returned to China, military academy teachers, and scientific researchers who had been rooted in the front line for a long time.

A grand stage opened in front of this group of young people. However, a brand new stage means brand new challenges.

At the first party congress after the establishment of the institute, they added a special content – a collective viewing of the movie “Out of Nowhere”.

In the silent desert, the sound of countdown rang out softly—5, 4, 3, 2, 1, detonation! A huge mushroom cloud rose up, and the sun-like brilliance illuminated the entire Lop Nur. A group of scientific researchers cheered and rushed down the hillside…

This is a shocking scene in the movie “Out of Nowhere”. “Develop the atomic bomb and stand tall.” General Zhang Aiping once said that the atomic bomb is not a weapon, but a spirit. The epic victory of developing the atomic bomb many years ago still has endless inspiration for today’s scientific researchers.

Since then, watching “Out of the Blue” has become a tradition for the officers and soldiers of the hospital. Wang Xintian, deputy political commissar of the hospital, said with emotion that every time he watches it, he will gain different feelings.

“People who appear out of nowhere should do things that appear out of nowhere.” Every researcher in the institute has his or her own understanding of this sentence.

“I completed the application for my first project in the dormitory I was temporarily borrowing at the time,” recalled young researcher Qiang Xiaogang.

When Qiang Xiaogang woke up in the middle of the night, he seemed to see himself lying on the table in the dormitory staying up all night: the old table, the humming computer, the crisp sound of the keyboard, page after page of reference materials…

At that time, Qiang Xiaogang was working alone. A few years later, from one person to a group of people, the ideas proposed in the project application gradually became a reality.

Only by daring to innovate can you have the joy of dreams coming true. In 2021, China has made another major breakthrough in the field of quantum. According to Xinhua News Agency, researchers have developed the first programmable photonic quantum chip for solving graph theory problems, an important step towards the realization of practical photonic quantum computers. The relevant paper was published in the journal Science Advances, and Qiang Xiaogang “came out of nowhere” as the first author. Now, walking into the laboratory of Qiang Xiaogang’s team again, more results are waiting for further testing.

Back in 2009, Qiang Xiaogang stood at another important crossroads in his life: Should he choose the electronic information field he had studied as an undergraduate, or the cutting-edge but unfamiliar quantum information field? After some thought, he chose a “difficult but more long-term direction.”

Guanghui’s dream originated from the individual but transcended the individual, originated from reality but transcended reality. From his student days to now, on the road of studying quantum technology, Qiang Xiaogang encountered many difficulties, both academic and non-research, but he never backed down.

At the beginning of the establishment of the institute, the leader of the institute said at a meeting: “We call you here not to find a basket to put your past achievements in and continue to work on your own stalls, but to set a common goal and do something big together…”

“What is considered a ‘big deal’?” Qiang Xiaogang kept this question in his mind until October 2020, when he saw a piece of news: The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held its 24th collective study session on the research and application prospects of quantum technology. When presiding over the study session, President Xi Jinping stressed that “we must fully recognize the importance and urgency of promoting the development of quantum technology, strengthen strategic planning and system layout for the development of quantum technology, grasp the general trend, and take the initiative.”

Qiang Xiaogang felt a surge of warmth in his heart. The photonic quantum chip technology he was researching was the cutting-edge direction in the field of quantum technology. He was always calm, but now he was no longer calm: “No matter how hard I try, it’s worth it!”

“What I am doing now is what I want to do. When personal ideals and national interests are combined, no matter how hard the work is, it will not feel hard at all,” said Qiang Xiaogang.

In the eyes of researcher Cao Lu, ideals are born naturally on the road of common struggle. “I hope to perfectly concentrate the work results of my colleagues on a satellite to meet the needs of the country to the greatest extent possible.”

After studying the report of the 20th CPC National Congress, Cao Lu has a clearer view of the future direction. “Chairman Xi proposed that we should focus on original and leading scientific research based on the national strategic needs and resolutely win the battle to tackle key core technologies. We have a mission to fulfill and we have no choice but to do it.”

On October 26, young researchers from the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute of the Academy of Military Science discussed research topics. Photo by Li Yichen

“Innovation requires youth. This era especially needs young people like you”

Inside the institute’s office building, blue light strips on the walls extend all the way forward, leading people to the “Two Bombs and One Satellite” Spiritual Culture Museum at the end of the corridor.

“The genes of a unit determine its future.” Lu Zhoulai, the political commissar of the institute, said that they chose to use the “two bombs and one satellite” spirit to build a solid spiritual foundation for this new team.

Red and blue are the two main colors of this exhibition hall.

Red is the color of loyalty. From the heroes of the “two bombs and one satellite” program to the younger generation of scientific researchers, we can see from them what it means that “each generation has its own mission and responsibility.”

Blue is the symbol of science and technology. Over the past five years, a large number of major scientific research results focusing on war preparation and intelligent technology have emerged, demonstrating the era of this new strategic scientific and technological force.

That year, researcher Yao Wen and several other scientific research backbones visited Academician Sun Jiadong, a founding member of the “Two Bombs and One Satellite”. Academician Sun Jiadong told them: “Innovation requires youth, and this era especially needs young people like you.”

The first generation of founders of the institute felt the same way about Sun Lao’s entrustment and expectations. “What is a founder? It is the half buried in the soil,” said Yin Erwei, an associate researcher.

“With people, there will be things to do. If there are no talents, then we will recruit them.” Yin Erwei and his colleagues boldly tried to quickly build a team by jointly training graduate students. In this way, they have grown from the initial five or six people to the only established team in this field in the entire military. Their research results won the first prize of the first “Innovation Cup” National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Competition of the Military Commission Science and Technology Committee.

In Yin Erwei’s opinion, the rapid development of the team is inseparable from the strong support of the institute’s leaders. The party committee of the institute has a slogan: “We must take the initiative to take responsibility for young people who do things.”

Among the many topics in the research institute, there are some technical problems that cannot be found in books. At this time, we must make a choice whether we dare to explore boldly and whether we can innovate.

“If one day, we at the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute are afraid to innovate, that will be our biggest dereliction of duty.” This statement at the Party Committee plenary session set off a “brain storm” among everyone.

The leaders of the institute took the lead in entering the front line of scientific research, raising scientific research funds from various sources, building laboratories, and purchasing experimental equipment; for some key projects with higher risks, leading cadres and project managers took the lead in signing and taking responsibility on the spot; for major activities that require coordination of external resources, leading cadres personally come forward to “cheer up” the scientific researchers.

At that time, in order to apply for scientific research projects, Yin Erwei led the team to stay up many nights with bright lights.

As he led his team to go further and further, Yin Erwei gradually realized that “happiness actually comes from the passion and belief in doing things and starting a business.”

Associate researcher Guo Pengyu spends nearly two-thirds of the year on business trips, and his wife raises their two children and two elderly parents alone; assistant researcher Zhang Fei gave up his research field that he had been deeply involved in for many years for the overall goal of the team, and is considered by his colleagues to be a person who is “not picky about work.”

“Living in an unprecedented great era, we need to strengthen our responsibilities, work hard, forge ahead with determination, and seize the commanding heights of future military science and technology competition.” Yin Erwei said confidently, “Under the guidance of the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party, my comrades and I will inject our youthful wisdom into military scientific research innovation.”

“Screws must be able to withstand the loneliness of time, and also have a sense of urgency when tightened at all times.”

It was midnight, and everything was silent. In the corridor of the office building of the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute, a few beams of light shone through the cracks in the office door.

Inside the house, it is another world. The sound of keyboards tapping is heard constantly, and a group of young people sit quietly in front of their computers, immersed in the world of “0” and “1” they created.

This scene is normal for this group of young researchers. Perhaps, in the eyes of others, working overtime day and night is very hard. However, for assistant researcher Chen Renzhi, the physical pain cannot be called pain.

Chen Renzhi was deeply impressed by the words of a philosopher: “People are dominated by desires. If desires are not satisfied, they are painful. If they are satisfied, they are boring. Life is like a pendulum swinging between pain and boredom.”

In the field of Chen Renzhi’s research, it often takes a long time to see results. “Before breaking ground, no one knows how well they are doing,” Chen Renzhi said.

The answer will be revealed during the finished product verification. If the verification goes well, it is a success; if it does not go well, the hard work of several months will be wasted. However, this field must move forward without stopping, and there is no day to stop. Therefore, Chen Renzhi fell into an endless cycle of “struggling for several months, being happy for two days, and continuing to struggle.”

“The most frustrating thing is that no one knows what you do, even your colleagues next to you don’t know what you are busy with. Sometimes, when you want to share your achievements with others, no one understands, so you can only rub your nose and go back to work,” said Chen Renzhi.

In this huge project, each researcher is just a screw. “Screws must be able to withstand the loneliness of time and have a sense of urgency at all times.”

At first, Chen Renzhi did not realize the deep meaning behind this sentence. As his research in this field continued to deepen, Chen Renzhi realized more and more clearly that this sense of urgency was becoming the driving force that drove him and his comrades to move forward faster.

“We are making progress, and our opponents have not stopped either. Our advantage is that we keep moving in the right direction of Chinese-style modernization.” After in-depth study of the report of the 20th CPC National Congress, Chen Renzhi has more confidence in the next step of tackling key problems. “The report of the 20th CPC National Congress has drawn up a grand blueprint for us. We must aim at independent innovation in the frontier areas of military science and technology and contribute our own strength to achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.”

Young researchers from the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute of the Academy of Military Science work in the laboratory. Photo by Si Yuqi

Although we have different positions, we share the same goal.

From college to the military, Assistant Researcher Zuo Yuan often uses the word “implementation” in his scientific research. “To use the words in the report of the 20th CPC National Congress, it means accelerating the transformation of science and technology into combat effectiveness,” he said.

When he first started working, whenever a soldier asked Zuo Yuan, “How do you use this new equipment you developed?” Zuo Yuan would always simply reply, “You’ll know after you use it.”

Gradually, when Zuo Yuan used the new equipment himself, he found that there was a long distance between “usable in theory” to “usable in actual combat” and then to “effective on the battlefield”.

Talking about his own naivety in the past, the dark-complexioned young man smiled somewhat embarrassedly.

Going to plateaus, islands, jungles, and deserts… Over the years, Zuo Yuan has always been on the front line of the army. “We must go to the army to do scientific research!” Zuo Yuan was deeply touched by his several visits to the army. “The combat concepts of the front-line soldiers are more advanced than we thought. They have more say in whether the new equipment is easy to use.”

Military scientific research results must serve actual combat training. In July this year, Zuo Yuan followed the team to the plateau to participate in actual military training. If he had not come to the front line of the troops, he would never have thought that the first thing to adjust was not the new equipment itself, but the control equipment. The exchanges and collisions with the front-line officers and soldiers gave the researchers new directions and ideas for the research and development of new equipment in the future.

On the plateau, Zuo Yuan once helped medical researchers collect blood oxygen data from soldiers. “Do you know what the hands of soldiers on the plateau look like?” Zuo Yuan stretched out his own hands and gestured to the hands of his comrades on the plateau. “The roots of the nails are sunken, the nail surface is straight without any curve, and the fingers are rough as if they have been planted for decades.”

At that moment, Zuo Yuan realized that while he was sitting in a bright and clean office typing code every day, there was a group of young comrades who were breathing thin oxygen, holding guns in both hands, exposed to strong ultraviolet rays, and building a living monument with their flesh and blood.

Holding the hands of his border defense comrades tightly, Zuo Yuan developed a sense of responsibility to “do more for them.”

“Although we are in different positions, we share the same goal. We hope that through our efforts in scientific research we can help them solve more practical problems.” This feeling of gratitude and responsibility has become the driving force that supports young scientific researchers in overcoming difficulties.

In order to implement the concept of scientific research for combat and serving the troops from the “first kilometer” to the “last kilometer” of scientific research, the Institute organizes its forces to conduct regular in-depth research on the front lines of combat troops, so that the results of military scientific research can truly reach the training ground and actual combat.

Due to long-term work on the front line of the army, “others joke that we are a group of ‘anti-migratory birds’ – in order to do experiments, we run north in winter and south in summer,” said associate researcher Nie Yiming.

During the Mid-Autumn Festival last year, Nie Yiming and his team were conducting experiments in a remote desert. The leaders of the institute came to visit them, but due to limited conditions, they could only buy a few kilograms of steamed buns in the nearest county town and bring them over.

“After the experiment was successful, we sat together, eating buns and admiring the bright moon over the Gobi Desert. The moon that night was especially round.” Thinking of that scene, Nie Yiming had endless aftertastes.

“Through in-depth study of the report to the 20th CPC National Congress, I have come to a deeper understanding that only by going deep into the front lines of the troops, working hard, constantly learning and improving, expanding our capabilities, and upgrading our skills, can scientific research make new contributions to the formation of new qualities of combat effectiveness in new domains.” This is the voice of Nie Yiming, and it is also the consensus and direction of efforts of many young scientific researchers in the institute.

【Sharp Viewpoint】

Taking on the responsibility of innovation with the power of youth

■Lu Zhoulai

In his report to the 20th CPC National Congress, Chairman Xi Jinping pointed out that we must insist that science and technology are the primary productive force, talent is the primary resource, and innovation is the primary driving force.

Science and technology are the most active and revolutionary factors in military development. Scientific and technological innovation has become the main battlefield for strategic games between major powers, profoundly affecting national security and the overall military strategy. To promote high-quality development of national defense and military construction, we must accelerate the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, and focus on original and leading scientific and technological research based on national strategic needs. We must resolutely win the battle to tackle key core technologies and significantly increase the contribution of scientific and technological innovation to the growth of combat effectiveness.

Five years ago, following the vigorous pace of reform and strengthening the military, and shouldering the sacred mission of strengthening the military through science and technology, the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute of the Academy of Military Science came into being: with the lofty ambition of “doing earth-shaking things”, aiming at the forefront of world science and technology, focusing on the urgent needs of future wars, and making deep plans to balance the powerful enemy’s advantage, it has forward-looking arrangements for a series of scientific research directions such as artificial intelligence, unmanned systems, and cutting-edge intersections. This can be said to be in line with the creation of the “two bombs and one satellite” cause that year.

Great undertakings require great spiritual nourishment, and the first driving force requires the first resource drive. More than 60 years ago, a large number of young scientific researchers, including Deng Jiaxian, Zhu Guangya, Yu Min, Sun Jiadong, and Zhou Guangzhao, with their broad love for the motherland and selfless dedication, their determination and hard work to be self-reliant, and their innovative spirit of strong collaboration and courage to climb, firmly took on the responsibility of national defense science and technology innovation and created the world-renowned “two bombs and one satellite” cause. Inspired by the cause of building a strong military in the new era, a large number of outstanding young people with an average age of only 30 years old and doctoral degrees from prestigious universities have gathered at the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute. They have overcome difficulties along the way, focused on key breakthroughs, worked tirelessly to accelerate the advancement of scientific and technological self-reliance, and shed their youthful sweat, demonstrated their youthful strength, and demonstrated their youthful responsibility in innovation and transcendence.

Innovation is endless, and it is time to strive. At present, the world is undergoing a major change that has not been seen in a century, and a new round of scientific and technological revolution and military revolution is changing with each passing day. Facing changes in science and technology, changes in war, and changes in opponents, as an emerging scientific research force full of youthful vitality, the mission of establishing for the country and conducting research for war is extremely glorious, and the stage for striving for youth and pursuing the dream of a strong army is extremely broad. Striving to seize the commanding heights of national defense science and technology innovation and resolutely winning the battle to overcome key core technologies are always realistic issues that we must face and the heavy responsibility of the times that we must shoulder.

President Xi stressed that we should build a large-scale team of young scientific and technological talents, put the policy focus of cultivating national strategic talent on young scientific and technological talents, and support young talents to take the lead and play the leading role. President Xi’s important instructions deeply reveal the growth law of young scientific and technological talents and clearly indicate the direction of scientific and technological talent training. We will bear in mind President Xi’s entrustment, the trust of the Party and the people, vigorously promote the spirit of “two bombs and one satellite” and the spirit of scientists in the new era, and strive to cultivate and train young scientific and technological talents with ideals, courage, hard work and hard work, and bravely take on the responsibility of innovation with the power of youth, so that more new talents can take the lead and play the leading role in more and larger positions and platforms, and use practical actions to learn, publicize and implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party

現代國語：

中國人民革命軍事博物館，觀展的人絡繹不絕。來來往往的觀眾中，一個年輕的身影在展板前隊列許久。

注視著「新時代國防與軍隊建設成就展」展板上某型衛星的圖片，軍事科學院國防科技創新研究院研究員曹璐的眼裡充滿自豪。看著照片中一張張帶著微笑的熟悉面龐，曹璐想起了研製衛星的那段時光——

他們曾大半夜蓬頭垢面坐在電腦前敲著代碼，也曾四處尋找幹擾因素……記憶中的苦，越品越覺得甘甜。

「時代呼喚著我們，人民期待著我們，唯有矢志不渝、篤行不怠，方能不負時代、不負人民。」此時此刻，再次品讀黨的二十大報告中這句話，曹璐的感受更為深刻，“很幸運，我們這代青年科研人員趕上了一個好時代！奮進在科技強軍征途上，我倍感驕傲自豪。”

青春的力量，創新的事業。在軍事科學院國防科技創新研究院，許許多多和曹璐一樣的年輕科研人員，在科技強軍的舞台上勇於創新、甘於吃苦，不斷提昇科研成果對戰鬥力增長的貢獻率，加速科技向戰鬥力轉化。

「深入學習宣傳貫徹黨的二十大精神，具體到我們青年科研人員來說，就是要投身國防科技創新的時代洪流，紮根科研一線，做有理想、敢擔當、能吃苦、肯奮鬥的新時代好青年。

觀察樣本 軍事科學學院國防科技創新研究院

銳意進取，投身科技創新時代洪流

■解放軍報記者 賀逸舒 邵龍飛 通訊員 任飛 張志華

廣闊的舞台，在這群年輕人面前拉開布

「人民軍隊體制一新、結構一新、格局一新、面貌一新。」深入學習黨的二十大報告，軍事科學院國防科技創新研究院院長張擁軍感觸尤為深刻——

國防科技創新研究院，是改革調整後新成立的單位。跟隨研究院共同成長的這5年，張擁軍親身經歷了改革帶來的體制、結構、格局和麵貌變化。

2018年1月，一群平均年齡30歲出頭的年輕人，從四面八方匯聚到一起，走進這個正式掛牌成立僅3個多月的科研機構。他們中有留學歸國的博士，有教書育人的軍校教員，也有長期紮根一線的科研人員。

廣闊的舞台，在這群年輕人面前拉開布。然而，全新的舞台，意味著全新的挑戰。

建院後第一次黨代會，他們增加了一項專門內容——集體組織觀賞電影《橫空出世》。

寂靜的荒漠，讀秒的聲音輕輕響起－－5、4、3、2、1，起爆！巨大的蘑菇雲升騰而起，太陽般的光輝照亮了整個羅布泊，一群科研人員歡呼著從山坡上一擁而下…

這是電影《橫空出世》中震撼人心的一個畫面。 「搞出原子彈、挺直腰桿。」張愛萍將軍曾說，原子彈不是武器，是一種精神。多年前研發原子彈的勝利史詩，對今天的科學研究人員仍有無盡的啟示。

從那以後，觀看《橫空出世》成為該院官兵的傳統。該院副政委王欣田感慨地說，每看一次，都會收獲不同的感動。

「『橫空出世』的人，就要乾『橫空出世』的事。」研究院每名科學研究人員對這句話都有著自己不同的領悟。

「我第一個項目的申請書，還是在當時臨時借用的宿舍裡完成的。」青年研究員強曉剛回憶。

午夜夢回，強曉剛彷彿又看到自己趴在宿舍桌上熬夜的情景：陳舊的桌子，嗡嗡作響的電腦，清脆的鍵盤聲，一頁又一頁的參考資料…

那時，強曉剛是單身一人攻關。幾年過去，從一個人到一群人，項目申請書中提出的構想，逐漸變成現實。

敢於創新，才能擁有夢想成真的喜悅。 2021年，中國在量子領域迎來了另一個重大突破。據新華社報道，研究人員研發出了首款面向圖論問題求解的可編程光量子晶片，邁出了實現實用化光量子計算機的重要一步。相關論文在《科學進展》期刊發表，強曉剛以第一作者的身份「橫空出世」。如今，再次走進強曉剛團隊的實驗室，更多成果等待進一步測試。

時間撥回2009年，強曉剛站在了人生又一個重要的路口前：研究生是選擇本科時的電子資訊方向，還是選擇前沿但陌生的量子資訊方向？經過一番思考，他選擇了一個「雖然充滿困難，但更為長遠的方向」。

光輝的夢想，萌生於個體而又超越了個體，來源於現實而又超越了現實。從學生時代到現在，在鑽研量子技術的道路上，強曉剛遇到了許多困難，有學術上的，也有研究之外的，但他從未退縮。

建院之初，研究院領導在一次會上說：「把你們召集來，不是找個籃子把你們過去的成果裝上，繼續忙自己那一攤，而是要樹個共同目標，一起乾點大事……”

「什麼才算『大事』？」這個問題，強曉剛埋在了心裡。直到2020年10月，他看到一則新聞：中共中央政治局就量子科技研究和應用前景舉行第二十四次集體學習。習主席在主持學習時強調，“要充分認識推動量子科技發展的重要性和緊迫性，加強量子科技發展戰略謀劃和系統佈局，把握大趨勢，下好先手棋。”

強曉剛心中湧起一股熱流。他所研究的光量子晶片技術，正是量子科技領域的前沿方向。向來淡定的他這下子也不淡定了：“再怎麼拼，也值！”

「我現在做的，都是我想做的事。當個人的理想和國家利益結合在一起，再苦也不會覺得苦。」強曉剛說。

在研究員曹璐看來，理想是在共同奮鬥的道路上自然而然誕生的。 “我希望，可以把同事們的工作成果完美地集中在一顆衛星上，最大限度地滿足國家的需求。”

深入學習黨的二十大報告，曹璐愈發明晰了未來的方向。 「習主席提出，以國家戰略需求為導向，集聚力量進行原創性引領性科技攻關，堅決打贏關鍵核心技術攻堅戰。我們使命在肩，義不容辭。”

10月26日，軍事科學院國防科技創新研究院的青年科學研究人員探討科研課題。李奕辰 攝

“創新就要年輕，這個時代尤其需要你們這些年輕人”

研究院辦公樓內，牆上藍色的燈帶一路向前延伸，將人引向走廊盡頭的「兩彈一星」精神文化館。

「一支部隊的基因，決定了一支部隊的未來。」該院政委盧週來說，他們選擇用「兩彈一星」精神，為這支新隊伍構築起堅實的精神根基。

紅色與藍色，是這個展館的兩種主色。

紅色，是忠誠的寫照。從「兩彈一星」元勳到年輕一代科研人員，從他們身上可以看到，什麼是「一代人有一代人的使命，一代有一代人的擔當」。

藍色，是科技的象徵。 5年間，一大批聚焦備戰打仗、瞄準智慧科技的重大科研成果噴湧而出，展現了這支新型戰略科技力量的時代擔當。

那一年，研究員姚雯跟其他幾名科研骨幹一起拜訪「兩彈一星」元勳孫家棟院士。孫家棟院士對他們說：“創新就要年輕，這個時代尤其需要你們這些年輕人。”

研究院的第一代創業者，對孫老的囑託和期望感同身受。 「奠基人是什麼？就是埋在土裡那半截。」副研究員印二威說。

「有人，才有事。沒有人才，那我們就去吸納人才。」印二威和同事大膽嘗試，採用聯合培養研究生的方式，快速組建團隊。就這樣，他們從最初的五、六個人，發展到如今成為全軍該領域唯一一支成建制的團隊，研究成果獲得軍委科技委首屆「創新盃」國防科技創新大賽一等獎等獎項。

在印二威看來，團隊的快速發展，離不開院領導的大力支持。研究院黨委有句口號：“要主動為幹事的青年人擔責。”

研究院的眾多課題中，有些技術難題，書本上是找不到答案的。這個時候，敢不敢大膽探索，能不能有所創新，必須做出選擇。

「如果有一天，我們國防科技創新研究院都不敢創新了，那是我們最大的失職。」黨委全會上的一句話，掀起了大家的「頭腦風暴」。

研究院領導帶頭走進科研一線，多方籌措科研經費，修建實驗室，購置實驗設備；一些風險較高的重點項目，領導幹部和項目負責人帶頭簽字，現場擔責；需要協調外部資源的重大活動，領導幹部親自出面，為科研人員「打氣」。

那時候，為了申請科學研究項目，印二威帶領團隊不知熬了多少個燈火通明的夜晚。

帶領自己的團隊越走越遠，印二威逐漸體會到：“幸福感，其實就是來自幹事創業的激情和信仰。”

副研究員郭鵬宇，一年裡有近三分之二時間都在外出差，他的愛人獨自帶著兩個孩子和兩位老人撐起了家；助理研究員張飛，為了團隊的整體目標，放棄了自己深耕多年的研究領域，是同事們眼中「不挑活兒」的人。

「身處前所未有的偉大時代，更需要我們強化擔當，奮發作為，銳意進取，搶佔未來軍事科技競爭的製高點。」印二威信心滿懷地說，「在黨的二十大精神指引下，我和戰友們將把青春智慧融注到軍事科研創新中。

“螺絲釘，既要耐得住時間的寂寞，還要有時時擰緊的緊迫感”

子夜，萬籟俱寂。國防科技創新研究院辦公大樓走廊內，幾束光從辦公室緊閉的門縫中鑽出來。

屋內，是另一個世界。鍵盤的敲擊聲不絕於耳，一群年輕人安靜地坐在電腦前，沉浸在自己創造的「0」與「1」的世界。

這樣的場景，對這群年輕的研究人員來說已是常態。或許，在別人看來，夜以繼日地加班十分辛苦。然而，對助理研究員陳任之來說，身體上的苦，並不能稱之為苦。

陳任之對一位哲學家的話印象深刻：“人受慾望支配，慾望不滿足就痛苦，滿足了就無聊，人生如同鐘擺在痛苦和無聊之間搖擺。”

陳任之研究的領域，往往需要漫長等待才能看見成果。 「在沒有破土之前，誰也不知道自己做得怎麼樣。」陳任之說。

答案，會在成品驗證時揭曉。驗證順利，就是成功；不順利，幾個月的辛苦就付諸東流。而這個領域偏偏必須馬不停蹄地前進，永遠沒有能停下腳步的一天。於是，陳任之陷入了「奮鬥幾個月、開心兩天、繼續奮鬥」的無限循環。

「最鬱悶的是，沒人知道你幹什麼，就連隔壁同事都不清楚你在忙什麼。有時候，想和別人分享成就，也沒有人理解，只能摸摸鼻子，回去繼續幹。」陳任之說。

在這個巨大的工程裡，每位研究人員只是一顆螺絲釘。 “螺絲釘，既要耐得住時間的寂寞，還要有時時擰緊的緊迫感。”

一開始，陳任之並沒有體味到這句話背後的深意。隨著在這一領域研究不斷加深，陳任之愈發清醒地體會到，這種緊迫感正成為驅動他和戰友們加速前進的動力。

「我們在進步，對手也沒有停下來。我們的優勢就是沿著中國式現代化的正確方向不斷走下去。」 深入學習黨的二十大報告，陳任之對下一步的攻關更有信心了， “黨的二十大報告為我們擘畫出了宏偉藍圖，我們要瞄準軍事科技前沿領域自主創新，為實現高水平科技自立自強貢獻自己的力量。”

軍事科學院國防科技創新研究院青年科研人員在實驗室工作。司玉祺 攝

雖然戰位不同，但我們奮鬥的目標一致

從大學校園到步入部隊，助理研究員左源在科學研究工作中常用的一個字是「落地」。 「用黨的二十大報告裡面的話，就是加速科技向戰鬥力轉化。」他說。

工作之初，每逢有部隊官兵問左源：“你們研發的這個新裝備怎麼用？”左源總是簡單地回復一句：“你用一下就知道了。”

漸漸地，當左源自己實地使用新裝備時才發現，從“理論上能用”到“實戰中能用”再到“戰場上好用”，中間隔著很長一段距離。

談到自己當初的幼稚，這個臉色黝黑的年輕人有些不好意思地笑了。

上高原，下海島，闖密林，踏戈壁……這些年來，左源始終奔波於部隊一線。 「我們做科研，一定要到部隊去！」幾次下部隊的經歷，讓左源感觸頗深，「一線部隊官兵的作戰理念，比我們想像中更先進。新裝備好不好用，他們更有話語權。

軍事科研成果必須服務演訓實戰。今年7月，左源跟隨團隊前往高原參加實兵演練。如果不是來到部隊一線，他根本想不到，首先要調整的並非新裝備本身，而是操控設備。與一線官兵的交流碰撞，讓科學研究人員對未來新式裝備的研發有了新的方向與想法。

在高原上，左源曾幫醫學研究人員收集過官兵們的血氧數據。 「你知道高原官兵的手，是什麼樣子的嗎？」說著，左源伸出自己的雙手，比畫著高原上戰友們手的樣子，「指甲根部下陷，甲面平直沒有絲毫弧度，手指粗糙得像種了幾十年地。

那一刻，左源意識到，當他日常坐在窗明幾淨的辦公室敲著代碼時，有這樣一群年輕的戰友，呼吸著微薄的氧氣，雙手持槍暴露在強烈的紫外線中，用血肉之軀築就活的界碑。

緊緊握住邊防戰友們的手，左源產生了一種「想多為他們做些什麼」的責任。

「雖然戰位不同，但我們奮鬥的目標一致。希望透過我們在科研上的努力為他們解決更多實際問題。」這份感動與責任，化為支撐青年科研人員不斷攻堅克難的動力。

為了把科研為戰、服務部隊的理念從科研“最初一公裡”貫注到“最後一公裡”，研究院組織力量常態化深入作戰部隊一線調研，讓軍事科研成果真正走向演訓場、走向實戰。

由於長期奔波在部隊一線，「別人開玩笑說，我們是一群『反候鳥』——為了做實驗，冬天往北跑，夏天往南跑。」副研究員聶一鳴說。

去年中秋節，聶一鳴和團隊正在偏僻的沙漠裡做實驗。研究院領導來慰問，條件有限，只能在最近的縣城買了幾斤包子帶過去。

「實驗成功後，我們圍坐一起，吃著包子，賞著戈壁灘上的明月。那晚的月亮，特別圓。」想起那一幕，聶一鳴回味無窮。

「深入學習黨的二十大報告，我更深切體會到，只有深入部隊一線，埋頭苦幹，不斷學習提高、能力擴容、本領升級，才能使科研工作在新域新質戰鬥力生成上有新的作為。

【銳視點】

以青春之力勇擔創新之責

■盧週來

習主席在黨的二十大報告中深刻指出，必須堅持科技是第一生產力、人才是第一資源、創新是第一動力。

科學技術是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。科技創新成為大國戰略博弈的主戰場，深刻影響國家安全和軍事戰略全局。推動國防和軍隊建設高質量發展，必須加快實施創新驅動發展戰略，加快實現高水平科技自立自強，以國家戰略需求為導向，集聚力量進行原創性引領性科技攻關，堅決打贏關鍵核心技術攻堅戰，大幅提昇科技創新對戰鬥力成長的貢獻率。

5年前，伴隨改革強軍鏗鏘步伐，肩負科技強軍神聖使命，軍事科學院國防科技創新研究院應運而生：胸懷「幹驚天動地事」的遠大志向，瞄準世界科技前沿，聚焦未來戰爭急需，深謀制衡強敵勝勢，前瞻佈局人工智慧、無人系統、前緣交叉等一系列科研方向，與當年開創「兩彈一星」事業可謂一脈相承。

偉大事業需要偉大精神滋養，第一動力需要第一資源驅動。 60多年前，鄧農先、朱光亞、於敏、孫家棟、周光召等一大批年輕科研工作者，以熱愛祖國、無私奉獻的博大情懷，以自力更生、艱苦奮鬥的決心乾勁，以大力協同、勇於登攀的創新銳氣，堅定扛起國防科技創新的責任擔當，開創了舉世矚目的「兩彈一星」事業。在新時代強軍事業感召下，一大批平均年齡僅有30多歲、具有名校博士學歷的優秀青年集聚國防科技創新研究院，一路攻堅克難，聚力攻關突破，為加快推進科技自立自強不懈奮鬥，在創新超越中揮灑青春汗水、展現青春力量、彰顯青春擔當。

創新永無止境，奮鬥正當其時。當前，世界百年未有之大變局正在加速演變，新一輪科技革命和軍事革命日新月異。面對科技之變、戰爭之變、對手之變，作為一支充滿青春活力的新興科研力量，為國而立、因戰而研的使命無比榮光，奮鬥青春、逐夢強軍的舞台無比廣闊。奮力搶佔國防科技創新制高點，堅決打贏關鍵核心技術攻堅戰，始終是我們必須直面的現實課題、必須扛起的時代重任。

習主席強調，要造就規模宏大的青年科技人才隊伍，把培養國家戰略人才力量的政策重點放在青年科技人才上，支持青年人才挑大樑、當主角。習主席的重要指示，深刻揭示了青年科技人才成長規律，鮮明標示了科技人才培養方向。我們將牢記習主席囑托，牢記黨和人民重托，大力弘揚「兩彈一星」精神、新時代科學家精神，致力培養鍛造有理想、敢擔當、能吃苦、肯奮鬥的青年科技人才，以青春之力勇擔創新之責，讓更多新銳英才在更多更大的崗位平台挑大樑、當主角，用實際行動學習宣傳貫徹黨的二十大精神。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/gfjy_index/4924882.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國的情報戰, 中國的耗散戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事應用與比特幣在未來戰爭中的應用, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍隊做好戰爭準備, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

China to Vigorously Strengthen National Defense Technology Innovation

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中國將大力加強國防科技創新

現代英語：

President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integrated innovation system, and vigorously improve the national defense science and technology independent innovation capabilities. This profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development, and points out the direction for comprehensively implementing the strategy of developing the military through science and technology in the new era, creating a new situation for strengthening the military, and promoting the modernization of national defense and the military.

In his important speech at the plenary meeting of the People’s Liberation Army and Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi Jinping pointed out that we should strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integrated innovation system, and vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology. This important thought profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development, points out the direction for comprehensively implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the military through science and technology in the new era, creating a new situation for strengthening and rejuvenating the military, and promoting the modernization of national defense and the military. It has great historical significance and far-reaching practical significance.

Vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology

Only innovators can win in international military competition. We must place innovation in an important position in the overall development of our military, firmly grasp the strategic basis of independent innovation in national defense science and technology, and significantly improve our independent innovation capabilities in national defense science and technology.

Strengthen basic research and key technology research for national strategic needs. President Xi stressed that real core key technologies cannot be bought with money, relying on imported weapons and equipment is unreliable, and taking the path of importing and imitating will not go far. Only by attaching importance to basic research can we always maintain independent innovation capabilities. We must attach great importance to original professional basic theoretical breakthroughs, strengthen the construction of scientific infrastructure, ensure the continuous advancement of basic, systematic, and cutting-edge technology research and technological development, and strengthen the source supply of independent innovation in national defense science and technology. Attach great importance to the development of strategic cutting-edge technologies, especially disruptive technologies, and strengthen forward-looking, leading, exploratory, and disruptive major technology research and new concept research. We must take the weak links in national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment construction as the main direction for promoting independent innovation, focus on breaking through core key technologies, strive to achieve overtaking on the curve, and realize the transformation from following and running side by side to running side by side and leading, so as to seize the strategic commanding heights of national defense science and technology innovation.

Increase the efforts to transform and apply advanced scientific and technological achievements. Exhaust knowledge to gain knowledge, and introspection to gain practical results. President Xi pointed out that only by combining scientific and technological achievements with national needs, people’s demands, and market needs, and completing the three-step jump from scientific research, experimental development, and promotion and application, can we truly realize the value of innovation and achieve innovation-driven development. The purpose of national defense science and technology innovation is application. It must serve the construction of the troops and military struggle preparations, and we must speed up the transformation and application of innovative and breakthrough achievements. The construction of weapons and equipment must be evaluated based on the contribution rate to the combat system, strengthen the guidance of combat needs, implement combat needs throughout the entire process of weapons and equipment development, ensure the actual combat applicability of weapons and equipment, and achieve an organic unity between development and application. The development of national defense science and technology must insist on focusing on actual combat and serving the troops, so that scientific and technological innovation can be well connected and focused with the development of troop construction, and the results of innovation can be transformed into real combat power, promoting the transformation of our military construction towards quality, efficiency and technology intensiveness.

Accelerate the construction of a national defense science and technology innovation system. The 19th CPC National Congress report clearly proposed to strengthen the construction of the national innovation system and enhance strategic scientific and technological strength. The national defense science and technology innovation system should be incorporated into the construction of the national innovation system to enhance the ability of original innovation, integrated innovation, and introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation. Accelerate the construction of innovation infrastructure platforms, promote the military-civilian integration of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment, and consolidate the basic projects of the national defense science and technology innovation system. Accelerate the training of leading talents in national defense science and technology innovation, build a high-quality new military talent team, focus on training joint combat command talents and new combat force talents, and strengthen the intellectual support of the national defense science and technology innovation system. We will vigorously foster an innovative culture and create an atmosphere of innovation in national defense science and technology that encourages innovation, encourages success, and tolerates failure, so that creativity and innovation will become a trend in the military.

Focus on joint innovation of military and civilian science and technology

The development of military-civilian integration is the only way to achieve the balance between development and security, and the unity of enriching the country and strengthening the military. Vigorously carrying out military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation will help promote the transformation of economic development mode and economic structure adjustment, and will help enhance the country’s war potential and national defense strength.

Do a good job in top-level design and strategic planning. The implementation of any strategy must be planned first and planned ahead. Military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation involves the two major systems of the military and the local government and the interests of multiple parties. It is a major strategic project and a long-term and arduous task. We must firmly grasp the focus of strengthening top-level design and draw up a grand blueprint for the military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation system. On the premise of in-depth understanding and grasp of the military-civilian integration strategy, clarify the development status, target orientation, basic principles, etc. of military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation, adhere to scientific coordination, practical guidance, system argumentation, and strengthen legal protection. Comprehensive layout and strategic planning should be carried out to ensure that major national strategic plans, major policies and regulations fully integrate the needs of national defense and military construction, and that the military construction and development plans are aligned with the overall deployment of economic and social development. We should adhere to forward-looking planning, take major scientific and technological projects as the guide, and take the advantages of basic research and strategic high-tech research as the breakthrough point to seize the scientific and technological commanding heights to promote the generation of combat effectiveness and the transformation of economic development methods.

Promote the integrated demonstration and implementation of major scientific and technological projects. The Party Central Committee has determined my country’s long-term strategy for science and technology towards 2030 and decided to implement a number of major scientific and technological projects and engineering projects, which will not only help my country break the situation of being controlled by others in major key core technologies in strategic areas, but also help open up new industrial development directions and cultivate new economic growth points. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Party emphasized the expansion and implementation of major national scientific and technological projects, highlighting key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations. National defense science and technology innovation should pay close attention to the development trends of world military science and technology and weapons and equipment, focus on the country’s major strategic needs, adhere to what to do and what not to do, and timely track, adjust and optimize the deployed major scientific and technological projects and engineering projects to form a systematic layout of succession in stages.

Deepen and expand the military-civilian integration in emerging fields such as ocean, space, cyberspace, biology, and new energy. As the boundaries of scientific exploration become farther and farther, emerging fields such as “three depths and one pole” have become new focuses of strategic competition among major powers. Among them, the deep sea has become a new battlefield with potential opportunities for victory, deep space has become a new strategic fulcrum, the deep blue has opened the “Pandora’s box” of the cyberspace battlefield, and the polar regions have become a battleground for strategic games among powerful countries. Emerging fields are a unified whole of cognitive domain, physical domain, information domain, and industrial domain, and have natural military and civilian attributes. In recent years, countries around the world have generally regarded accelerating the development of military-civilian integration in emerging fields as an important measure to seize the commanding heights of international strategic games. The United States has intensively released the “National Innovation Strategy of the United States” and the “Federal Big Data Research and Development Strategic Plan”, and Russia has issued the “Russian Federation Science and Technology Development Plan”, etc., and has established a military-civilian integration development model in emerging fields. It is necessary to accelerate the formation of a multi-dimensional, coordinated and leapfrog development pattern of military-civilian integration in emerging fields through the joint construction of military and civilian facilities, the sharing of military and civilian technology, and the sharing of military and civilian information, deepen and expand military-civilian integration in emerging fields, and work together to build a strong maritime, aerospace, and cyber power.

Optimize the allocation of technological innovation resources

With the continuous development of science and technology, the characteristics of multi-disciplinary professional cross-clustering and multi-field technology integration are becoming increasingly prominent. We must rely on team strength to pool wisdom and tackle key problems, and integrate scientific research forces and innovative resources to maximize the advantages of all aspects and form an overall synergy to promote national defense science and technology innovation.

Strengthen open sharing to break the closed monopoly. We must firmly grasp the “hard bones” of national defense science and technology innovation and overcome difficulties, focus on strengthening the overall coordination of scientific and technological innovation, and strive to overcome the fragmentation of resources such as scattered and closed resources, cross-duplication, etc. in scientific and technological innovation activities in various fields, departments, and aspects, and avoid “islands” in innovation. Remove all kinds of visible and invisible fences, break the closed monopoly, do a good job in demand docking, planning docking, and task docking, and accelerate the establishment and improvement of an open and shared platform for innovative resources that organically interacts with all subjects, aspects, and links, and collaborates and is efficient, so as to maximize the realization of co-construction, sharing, and sharing. We must focus on improving the basic system of scientific and technological innovation, accelerate the establishment and improvement of the national science and technology reporting system, innovation investigation system, and national science and technology management information system, and significantly improve the level of open sharing of scientific and technological resources.

Deepen the reform of the defense science and technology system and mechanism. If scientific and technological innovation is compared to the new engine of my country’s development, then reform is the indispensable ignition system to ignite this new engine. The loose connection between science and technology and the economy has been a major chronic disease in my country’s science and technology development for many years. To solve this problem, we must take the reform of mechanisms and policies and systems as the starting point, resolutely demolish barriers, break the ice, remove thresholds, break down institutional barriers and interest shackles, build a systematic and complete science and technology military-civilian integration policy and system system, and promote the deep integration of science and technology with economic and social development. We must break through the barriers of the defense science and technology system and mechanism that restrict the organic integration of production, learning, research and application, improve the defense science and technology innovation service support system, and strengthen the use and protection of defense intellectual property rights. We should speed up the establishment of a scientific and technological decision-making mechanism in which scientific and technological consultation supports administrative decision-making, reform the scientific and technological evaluation system, and improve the resource allocation method and scientific and technological innovation incentive mechanism that conform to the laws of scientific and technological innovation. Only when the wheels of scientific and technological innovation and the wheels of institutional mechanism innovation turn together can the national defense scientific and technological innovation capability be greatly improved.

Tap into the potential for innovation in national defense science and technology. In today’s world of globalization, informatization, and networking, innovation factors are more open and mobile, and scientific and technological innovation is endless. We must improve the national defense science and technology innovation governance system, fully mobilize the initiative of innovation subjects, unleash the vitality of various innovation factors, make good use of all high-quality resources and advanced achievements in society, tap into all potential for scientific and technological innovation, and organically integrate national defense and military construction into the economic and social development system. Against the backdrop of economic and technological globalization, innovative resources are flowing rapidly around the world, and the links between countries are becoming increasingly close. No country can solve all innovation problems in isolation and on its own. We must adhere to open and inclusive independent innovation, and actively absorb innovative resources and achievements that can improve the efficiency of military construction and enhance the combat effectiveness of the military. Deepen international exchanges and cooperation, make full use of global innovation resources, and promote independent innovation in national defense science and technology from a higher starting point.

(Author’s unit: College of Arts and Sciences, National Defense University of Science and Technology)

現代國語：

——學習習主席在十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議上的重要講話
來源：解放軍報 作者：楊愛華 責任編輯：喬楠楠 2018-03-28 08:39:38
習主席強調，加強國防科技創新，加速建設軍民融合創新體系，大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律，為新時代全面實施科技興軍戰略，開創強軍興軍新局面，推進國防和軍隊現代化建設指明了前進方向

習主席在十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議上的重要講話中指出，要加強國防科技創新，加速建設軍民融合創新體系，大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這一重要思想，深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律，為新時代全面實施科技興軍戰略，開創強軍興軍新局面，推進國防和軍隊現代化建設指明了前進方向，具有重大歷史意義與深遠現實意義。

大力提升國防科技自主創新能力

國際軍事競爭唯創新者勝，必須把創新擺在我軍建設發展全局的重要位置，牢牢扭轉國防科技自主創新這個戰略基點，大幅提升國防科技自主創新能力。

加強面向國家戰略需求的基礎研究和關鍵技術研究。習主席強調，真正的核心關鍵技術是花錢買不來的，靠進口武器裝備是靠不住的，走引進仿製的路子是走不遠的。只有重視基礎研究，才能永遠保持自主創新能力。必須高度重視原始性專業基礎理論突破，加強科學基礎設施建設，確保基礎性、系統性、前沿性技術研究和技術研發持續推進，加強國防科技自主創新的來源供給。高度重視戰略前沿技術特別是顛覆性技術的發展，加強前瞻性、先導性、探索性、顛覆性的重大技術研究和新概念研究。要把國防科技和武器裝備建設的薄弱環節作為推進自主創新的主攻方向，著力突破核心關鍵技術，爭取實現彎道超車，實現從跟跑並跑向並跑領跑轉變，搶佔國防科技創新戰略制高點。

加大先進科技成果轉化運用力度。窮理以致其知，反躬以踐其實。習主席指出，科技成果只有同國家需要、人民要求、市場需求結合，完成從科學研究、實驗開發、推廣應用的三級跳，才能真正實現創新價值、實現創新驅動發展。國防科技創新的目的在於應用，必須為部隊建設和軍事鬥爭準備服務，抓緊搞好創新性、突破性成果轉化運用。武器裝備建設必須以對作戰體系的貢獻率為評價標準，強化作戰需求牽引，把作戰需求貫徹到武器裝備研製的全過程，確保武器裝備的實戰適用性，實現研製和運用有機統一。國防科技發展必須堅持聚焦實戰、服務部隊，使科技創新同部隊建設發展接好軌、對好焦，把創新成果轉化為實實在在的戰鬥力，推動我軍建設向質量效能型和科技密集型轉變。

加速建構國防科技創新體系。黨的十九大報告明確提出，加強國家創新體系建設，強化戰略科技力量。要把國防科技創新體系納入國家創新體系建設之中，增強原始創新、整合創新和引進消化吸收再創新能力。加速建設創新基礎平台，紮實推動國防科技與武器裝備領域的軍民融合，夯實國防科技創新體系的基礎工程。加速培養國防科技創新領導者才，建設高素質新型軍事人才隊伍，著力培養聯合作戰指揮人才和新型作戰力量人才，強化國防科技創新體系的智力支撐。大力培育創新文化，營造勇於創新、鼓勵成功、寬容失敗的國防科技創新氛圍，讓創造創新在軍營蔚然成風。

突顯抓好軍民科技協同創新

軍民融合發展是實現發展和安全兼顧、富國和強軍統一的必經之路。大力開展軍民科技協同創新，有利於促進經濟發展方式轉變和經濟結構調整，有利於增強國家戰爭潛力和國防實力。

搞好頂層設計和戰略籌劃。任何戰略的實施，都必須規劃先行，超前籌謀。軍民科技協同創新涉及軍地兩大系統和多方利益關系，是一個重大的戰略工程，也是一項長期的艱鉅任務。要緊緊扭住強化頂層設計這個著力重點，擘畫軍民科技協同創新體系的宏偉藍圖。以深入認識與掌握軍民融合戰略為前提，明確軍民科技協同創新的發展現狀、目標指向、基本原則等，堅持科學統籌、實戰牽引、體系論證，強化法治保障。全面佈局、戰略籌劃，使國家重大戰略規劃、重大政策法規充分統合國防和軍隊建設需求，軍隊建設發展規劃計劃與全面落實經濟社會發展總體部署相對接。堅持超前謀劃，以重大科技工程為牽引，以奪取基礎研究和戰略高技術研究優勢為突破口，搶佔推動戰鬥力生成和經濟發展方式轉變的科技制高點。

推動重大科技項目一體論證與實施。黨中央已經確定了我國科技面向2030年的長遠戰略，決定實施一批重大科技項目和工程，這既有利於我國在戰略必爭領域打破重大關鍵核心技術受制於人的局面，也有利於開闢新的產業發展方向，培育新的經濟成長點。黨的十九大報告強調，拓展實施國家重大科技項目，突顯關鍵共性技術、前沿引領技術、現代工程技術、顛覆性技術創新。國防科技創新要密切關注世界軍事科技和武器裝備發展動向，圍繞國家重大戰略需求，堅持有所為、有所不為，對已部署的重大科技項目和工程及時跟踪、滾動調整和優化，形成梯次接續的系統佈局。

深化拓展海洋、太空、網路空間、生物、新能源等新興領域的軍民融合。隨著科學探索的邊界越來越遠，「三深一極」等新興領域已成為大國戰略角逐的新焦點。其中，深海成為潛藏制勝先機的新戰場，深空成為新的戰略支點，深藍已經打開網絡空間戰場的“潘多拉魔盒”，極地成為強國戰略博弈的角斗場。新興領域是認知域、物理域、資訊域、產業域的統一整體，具有天然的軍民通用屬性。近年來，世界各國普遍把加速新興領域軍民融合發展，作為奪取國際戰略博弈制高點的重要舉措。美國密集發布《美國國家創新戰略》《聯邦大數據研究與發展戰略計畫》，俄羅斯推出《俄聯邦科學技術發展計畫》等，紛紛在新興領域確立軍民融合發展模式。要透過設施軍民共建、技術軍民共用、資訊軍民共享等方式，加速形成多維一體、協同推進、跨越發展的新興領域軍民融合發展格局，深化拓展新興領域的軍民融合，合力建設海洋強國、航太強國、網絡強國。

優化科技創新資源配置

隨著科學技術的不斷發展，多學科專業交叉群集、多領域技術融合集成的特徵日益凸顯，必須依靠團隊力量集智攻關，搞好科研力量與創新資源的整合，才能最大限度發揮各方面的優勢，形成推進國防科技創新的整體合力。

強化開放共享打破封閉壟斷。緊緊扭住國防科技創新的「硬骨頭」攻堅克難，著力加強科技創新統籌協調，努力克服各領域、各部門、各方面科技創新活動中存在的資源分散封閉、交叉重復等碎片化現象，避免創新中的「孤島」。清除各種有形無形的柵欄，打破封閉壟斷，搞好需求對接、規劃對接、任務對接，加速建立健全各主體、各方面、各環節有機互動、協同高效的創新資源開放共享平台，最大限度實現共建共用共享。著力完善科技創新基礎制度，加速建立健全國家科技報告製度、創新調查制度、國家科技管理資訊系統，大幅提昇科技資源開放共享水準。

深化國防科技體制機制改革。如果把科技創新比喻成我國發展的新引擎，那麼改革就是點燃這個新引擎不可或缺的點火系。科技與經濟聯係不緊密，是多年來我國科技發展的一大痼疾。解決這個問題，必須以機制和政策制度改革為抓手，堅決拆壁壘、破堅冰、去門檻，破除制度藩籬和利益羈絆，構建系統完備的科技軍民融合政策制度體系，推動科技與經濟社會發展深度融合。要突破束縛產學研發有機結合的國防科技體制機制障礙，健全國防科技創新服務支撐體系，加強國防知識產權運用與保護。加速建立科技諮詢支撐行政決策的科技決策機制，改革科技評價制度，完善符合科技創新規律的資源配置方式、科技創新激勵機制。只有科技創新的輪子與體制機制創新的輪子共同轉動，才能大幅提升國防科技創新能力。

挖掘國防科技創新潛力。在全球化、資訊化、網絡化發展的今天，創新要素更具開放性、流動性，科技創新永無止境。要完善國防科技創新治理體系，充分調動創新主體的積極性，釋放各類創新要素的活力，善於運用社會一切優質資源和先進成果，挖掘一切科技創新潛力，把國防和軍隊建設有機融入經濟社會發展體系。在經濟與科技全球化的大背景下，創新資源在世界範圍內快速流動，國家與國家之間的聯繫日趨緊密，任何一個國家都不可能孤立依靠自己的力量解決所有創新難題。要堅持開放式、包容式自主創新，積極吸收能提升軍隊建設效益、提升軍隊戰鬥力的創新資源與成果。深化國際交流合作，充分利用全球創新資源，在更高起點推進國防科技自主創新。

（作者單位：國防科技大學文理學院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4807982888.html

#Information Support Force, #中國的耗散戰, Asymmetric Warfare, China Cyber Dilemma in the 21st Century, China National Cyber Security Strategy, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 認知域戰, 認知戰

These Chinese Civilian AI “Black Technologies” Will Significantly Advance the People’s Liberation Army in “counterattacking” the US Military

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這些中國民用人工智慧「黑科技」將大幅推動解放軍「反攻」美軍

現代英語：

At the World Internet Conference held in Wuzhen in recent years, many leaders of technology companies talked most about artificial intelligence, and the “Light of the Internet Expo” at previous conferences has become a “big show” for various artificial intelligence. In particular, this year, many well-known Chinese Internet companies have shown off their own “black technology”, which is impressive. China’s rapid progress in the field of artificial intelligence has amazed the world. Reuters commented that China is expected to be on par with the United States in five years and become the world’s leading artificial intelligence innovation center. Like the United States, China has clearly made artificial intelligence a priority in both economy and military.

    The report, written by Elsa Kania of the Center for a New American Security, asserts that future competition between China and the United States in the field of artificial intelligence “may change the future balance of economic and military power.” Earlier this year, an undisclosed Pentagon document exaggerated that Chinese companies are circumventing official supervision by purchasing shares in American companies to obtain sensitive American artificial intelligence technologies with potential military uses. Andrew Ng, a well-known scientist in the field of machine learning, said that if the United States wants to stay ahead, it must focus on developing its own artificial intelligence. China is by no means a slouch in the field of artificial intelligence that only relies on foreign technology. Foreign media commented that while the West is still discussing and keeping a close eye on its own technology, China’s innovative progress has begun to rewrite the world’s artificial intelligence technology landscape. The next question is whether China is willing to play with the West.

    The discussion that artificial intelligence will change the rules of war is no longer news. The Brookings Institution website once published an article suggesting that the US military bet on six major technologies, and artificial intelligence technology is one of them. Today, artificial intelligence has made breakthroughs in assisting combat personnel in decision-making and connecting combat personnel with intelligent combat systems, and has been widely used in simulated combat training. Today, a large number of unmanned equipment with intelligent features have entered the arsenals of major countries. Among them, the most widely used US military has nearly 10,000 unmanned aerial systems and more than 12,000 unmanned ground systems, which have become an indispensable and important part of US military operations.

    In a simulated confrontation in June 2016, an artificial intelligence system developed by American researchers defeated two retired fighter pilots in a simulated air battle. In this simulated air battle, the blue team consisting of two fighter jets was equipped with a stronger weapon system, but the red team of the artificial intelligence system defeated the enemy aircraft through evasive maneuvers. After the game, the pilots thought that the program was very good at controlling the situation and was surprisingly responsive. It seemed to be able to predict human intentions and quickly fight back when the opponent changed flight movements or launched missiles. This incident has attracted widespread attention, and the prospect that artificial intelligence will completely replace human soldiers on the battlefield in the future seems to have been further confirmed.

    Throughout human history, most epoch-making technologies have emerged from the military and wars. Humans are more likely to burst out with inspiration at the moment of life and death, and have greater motivation to promote technological progress. In the field of artificial intelligence, the boundaries between the civilian and military use of many technologies are not obvious. Today, the world’s technology giants also have more talents and financial resources than most countries, and the broad application prospects make them more motivated to invest in research and development. The future trend of artificial intelligence technology is expected to be led by these technology giants. This is why in the field of artificial intelligence, the “military-civilian integration” of major countries has become more in-depth, and even the US military has “widely issued invitations to heroes.”

    For example, at this year’s Internet Conference, Chinese companies displayed a variety of artificial intelligence products and technologies, which have broad application prospects in both civilian and military fields and can be called “black technology”. Intelligent drones and unmanned vehicles, these intelligent equipment can accurately deliver express deliveries to customers based on the target location. If applied to the battlefield, it will make front-line supply and evacuation of wounded soldiers more accurate and convenient. In addition, there are artificial intelligence-assisted treatment products, which integrate artificial intelligence technologies such as image recognition and deep learning with medicine to assist doctors in early screening and diagnosis of patients. If this technology is applied to the battlefield, it will greatly improve the work efficiency and treatment speed of medical soldiers. There is also lip reading recognition technology, which can achieve the effect of voice recognition by recognizing lip reading, and can easily carry out complex communication even on a noisy battlefield. In October this year, the PLA Air Force Logistics Department signed the “Military-Civilian Integration Strategic Cooperation Agreement” with executives of five leading logistics companies. Regarding the use of drones specifically mentioned by the Air Force, relevant companies also introduced the development and planning of large logistics drones. Artificial intelligence has a high priority in China’s military-civilian integration, which will enable the PLA to make full use of technological advances in the commercial field to enhance its military capabilities.

    Intelligent machines represented by drones have demonstrated their power on the battlefield or in simulated confrontations. The U.S. Department of Defense report believes that intelligent swarm systems will occupy an important position in future wars. Intelligent swarm attack refers to a swarm system composed of intelligent robots or drones, in which each component of the system independently selects targets, attack forms and formation forms. Compared with manned systems, it has incomparable advantages in coordination, intelligence, cost and speed. The Pentagon called on talented people from the private sector to join the military’s “drone swarm” development, hoping to speed up progress. In June 2017, China’s 119 fixed-wing drones achieved formation flight, setting a record in number. Although it is still far from achieving high-level intelligent formation operations, the U.S. think tank “Project 2049 Institute” admits that China’s drone formation technology is more advanced than that of the U.S. military.

    In future wars, the balance of victory between the two warring parties may completely tilt towards the side with a higher degree of intelligence, and the possibility of the technological laggards continuing to rely on the development of asymmetric combat power to bridge the gap in combat power is gradually decreasing. When the two sides are on the same battlefield, while the officers and soldiers of the side with weaker technical capabilities are busy attacking, retreating, and transferring, the other side with stronger technical capabilities uses unmanned intelligent equipment for all-weather, high-precision intelligent reconnaissance and strikes. Perhaps trapped by ethical issues, the final decision is still made by humans, but the experience of these controllers in the control room thousands of miles away is like playing an online game. The flesh and blood on the battlefield will be exposed, and the opponent’s life will be wiped out with every mouse click or voice command of the enemy. The psychological competition between the strong and weak warring personnel will be completely unbalanced.

    As Russian President Vladimir Putin said, “Whoever becomes the leader in the field of artificial intelligence will be the leader of the future world.” Artificial intelligence has become the “high ground” of the next military competition, and China is already in a leading position in the field of artificial intelligence. The People’s Liberation Army has the opportunity to actively shape the future war model through military innovation. Reuters commented that artificial intelligence will promote the modernization of the Chinese military and may pose a strategic challenge to the US military. (Dong Lei)

現代國語：

近些年在烏鎮舉行的世界互聯網大會上，眾多科技公司領軍人物談及最多的就是人工智能，而歷屆大會的“互聯網之光博覽會”更成為各類人工智能“大秀場”，尤其今年多家知名網路公司紛紛曬出自家“黑科技”，令人印象深刻。中國在人工智慧領域的快速進步令世界驚嘆，路透社就評論稱，中國5年內有望比肩美國，成為全球首要的人工智慧創新中心。與美國一樣，中國在經濟和軍事上都明確地將人工智慧當作重點。

由新美國安全中心的埃爾莎·卡尼亞撰寫的報告斷言，未來中美兩國在人工智慧領域的競爭「可能會改變未來的經濟和軍事力量對比」。今年早些時候，五角大廈一份未公開文件渲染說，中國企業正透過購買美國公司的股權來繞過官方監管，以取得有潛在軍事用途的美國人工智慧敏感技術。機器學習領域知名科學家吳恩達稱，美國要保持領先就必須把注意力放在發展自己的人工智慧上，中國在人工智慧領域絕非一個只是依賴外來科技的懈怠者。外媒評論稱，當西方還在探討看緊自己的技術的時候，中國的創新進步已開始改寫世界人工智慧技術的版圖，接下來的問題是中國還願不願意帶著西方一起玩。

關於人工智慧將改變戰爭規則的論述早就不是新聞，美國布魯金斯學會網站曾刊文建議美軍在6大技術上押下賭注，人工智慧技術就位列其中。而今人工智慧在輔助作戰人員決策，以及作戰人員與智慧化作戰系統對接方面已經獲得突破，而在模擬實戰化訓練等方面更是得到大規模應用。如今大量具有智慧特徵的無人裝備進入了各大國的武器庫。其中應用最廣泛的美軍已擁有近萬個空中無人系統，地面無人系統更是超過1.2萬個，其已成為美軍行動不可或缺的重要組成部分。

在2016年6月的一次模擬對抗中，美國研究人員開發的人工智慧系統在模擬空戰中大勝2名退役的戰鬥機飛行員。在這次模擬空戰中，由2架戰鬥機組成的藍隊裝備更強的武器系統，但人工智慧系統的紅隊透過閃避動作擊敗了敵機。比賽結束後，飛行員認為這款程式非常善於掌控態勢，反應也靈敏得出奇，似乎能預測人類意圖，並在對手改變飛行動作或發射飛彈時迅速回擊。這事件曾引起廣泛關注，未來戰場人工智慧將全面取代人類士兵的前景似乎得到了進一步佐證。

縱觀人類歷史，大多數劃時代的技術都是興起於軍隊發端於戰爭，人類在生死存亡之際更能迸發出靈感，也擁有更大的推動技術進步的動力。而在人工智慧領域，許多技術的民用與軍用界限並不明顯，如今全球的科技巨頭們也擁有超越多數國家的人才和財力，而廣闊的應用前景則令他們在研發投入上更有動力，未來的人工智慧科技潮流有望被這些科技巨頭所引領。這也是為何在人工智慧領域，各大國的「軍民融合」都更為深入，連美軍也「廣發英雄帖」。

例如在今年的網路大會上，中國企業展示的多款人工智慧產品及技術，在民用及軍用領域都有廣闊的應用前景，堪稱「黑科技」。智慧無人機與無人車，這些智慧裝備可以依據目標位置，精準地把快遞送達顧客手中，如果應用於戰場將令前線補給及後撤傷員等行動變得更加精準便捷。另外還有人工智慧輔助治療產品，透過影像辨識、深度學習等人工智慧技術與醫學融合，進而達到輔助醫師對病患的早期篩檢與診斷，這項技術如果應用於戰場，將大大提升醫療兵的工作效率和救治速度。還有唇語辨識技術，透過辨識唇語就可以達到原本需要聲音辨識的效果，即使是在吵雜的戰場上也可輕鬆進行複雜交流。今年10月解放軍空軍後勤部與5家物流領域領導企業主管簽署了《軍民融合戰略合作協議》，而對於空軍方面特別提到的無人機運用，相關企業也介紹了大型物流無人機的研發和規劃。人工智慧在中國軍民融合中的優先順序很高，這將讓解放軍得以充分利用商業領域的技術進步來增強軍事能力。

以無人機為代表的智慧機器已經在戰場或模擬對抗中展現出威力。美國國防部報告認為，智慧化蜂群系統將在未來戰爭中佔據重要地位。智慧化蜂群攻擊是指智慧機器人或無人機組成的蜂群系統，系統各組成部分自主選擇目標、攻擊形式和編隊形式。相比有人系統，在協調性、智慧性、成本以及速度等方面擁有無可比擬的優勢。五角大廈號召來自民間的才俊加入到軍方的「無人機蜂群」開發中，希望能加快進度。 2017年6月，中國119架固定翼無人機實現編隊飛行，創造了數量紀錄，儘管距離實現高階的智慧化編隊作戰仍較遠，但是美國智庫「2049計畫研究所」坦言中國的無人機編隊技術較之美軍更為先進。

在未來戰爭中，交戰雙方的勝利天平或將徹底偏向智能化程度更高的一方，科技落伍者繼續靠發展不對稱戰力來彌合戰力差距的可能性正逐漸變小。當雙方置身於同一戰場，技術能力較弱一方的官兵在進攻、撤退、轉移，疲於奔命時，技術能力強的另一方則是無人智能裝備全天候、高精度的智能偵察、打擊。或許受困於倫理問題，最終的決策仍由人來完成，但其待在千里之外的控制室，這些控制人員的體驗就像是玩網路遊戲。戰場上的血肉之軀將無所遁形，對手的生命在敵人的每一次滑鼠點擊或是語音命令中灰飛煙滅，強弱雙方交戰人員的心理比拼將完全失衡。

正如俄總統普丁所說，「誰成為人工智慧領域的領導者，誰就是未來世界的領導者」。人工智慧已成為下一個軍事競爭的“制高點”，而中國在人工智慧領域已處於領先位置，解放軍有機會透過軍事創新主動塑造未來戰爭模式，路透社則評論認為，人工智慧將推動中國軍隊的現代化並可能對美軍形成戰略挑戰。 （董磊）

中國原創軍事資源：http://m.news.cn/mil/2017-12/20/c_1297707888.htm

#Information Support Force, Asymmetric Warfare, China Cyber Dilemma in the 21st Century, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Hacker Methodology 中國黑客, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Combat Planning, Command information Systems, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, National Defense and Military Modernization, Strategic Support Forces, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知戰

Chinese Military Exploring Mechanisms of Winning War in the Midst of Global Change and Chaos

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全球變亂中中國軍隊探索戰爭勝利機制

現代英語：

　●As a product of the information age, information warfare embodies some characteristics that are completely different from previous wars, mainly in terms of war background, combat means and methods, etc.

　　●Compared with mechanized warfare, informationized warfare has not changed in its essential attributes such as war being the continuation of politics and its basic laws such as strength being the basis for victory.

　　●To study information warfare, we need to recognize the changes and constants in modern warfare compared with past wars, and explore its winning mechanism through comparison.

　　There are three major changes in information warfare compared to traditional warfare

　　The background conditions of war have changed. The background of information warfare caused by traditional security and non-traditional security has become more complicated. For example, economic globalization has made us interdependent, and both struggle and cooperation between countries have become the norm; conflicts between emerging powers and established powers often emerge; and military actions in any strategic direction may trigger chain reactions in multiple directions and fields.

　　The way of war has changed. Informationized warfare cannot be a formal battle. The boundaries between traditional and non-traditional security, war and non-war are becoming more blurred. Military struggle styles are emerging in an endless stream, and battlefield uncertainty is increasing. An important reason for China’s disastrous defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 was that it was forced to respond and was not fully prepared. Aiming to win future informationized wars, we must adapt to the requirements of the information age, focus on solving practical problems, take the initiative to design wars, and make full preparations, so as to maintain strategic initiative.

　　The means of warfare have changed dramatically. Informatized warfare has more diverse options for using strategic forces to achieve political and military goals. Military struggles are simultaneously carried out in multi-dimensional battlefield spaces such as land, sea, air, space, and power grids, and the role of the invisible battlefield has become more prominent. Whether it is war operations or non-war military operations, they all require large-scale system support, large-area deployment, and big data security.

　　Compared with traditional warfare, information warfare has three things in common:

　　First, the essence of war as the continuation of politics has not changed. War is a complex social and political phenomenon. It is a way for countries or groups of countries, nations, races and social groups to resolve conflicts by force. As a continuation of politics, war is the last resort to resolve conflicts of interest. There is no repeated war in the world, but the nature of war is consistent. Moreover, with the continuous development of world politics and economy, the political purpose of war will become stronger. Therefore, in order to deal with future information warfare, it is necessary to analyze and study the political nature at a deeper level and enhance the pertinence of military struggle preparation.

　　Secondly, the basic laws of war have not changed. The basic laws of war are the essence and inevitable connection between various elements throughout the entire war process. Whether in information warfare or traditional warfare, strength is the basis for victory, and lagging behind means being beaten; in any war, correct strategic guidance is the key to victory; although weapons are an important factor in winning a war, people are always the decisive factor. It is not the equipment that determines the outcome of the war, but the people. After the informationized weapons and equipment are interconnected, interoperable, and interoperable, a small number of commanders and staff can control a large number of dispersed troops and weapons, thereby greatly improving combat effectiveness and command decision-making speed. This phenomenon does not show a decline in the role of people, but rather shows that information warfare requires higher-quality talents to be competent for command positions.

　　Third, the role of war has not changed. Wars are extremely violent, so they often bring serious disasters to social production and people’s lives, hinder social progress, interrupt a country’s development process, and even cause regression. However, if properly planned, the losses of war can be minimized, and it may bring greater development opportunities and benefits to a country.

　　To win the information war, we must grasp three winning mechanisms

　　Only by being ready to fight can we be invincible in the future information war. If we are prepared, we may not fight, but if we are not prepared, we may be passively beaten. The crisis is not terrible, but the terrible thing is that the crisis comes quietly and we are completely unaware of it. Whether the future war will be fought or not does not entirely depend on us, but we must be prepared for military struggle. In recent years, in the face of frequent “hot spots” in the surrounding areas, we have taken the initiative to respond steadily and achieved strategic goals. In the future, my country will still encounter challenges of one kind or another in the process of development. It is urgent to enrich and expand the active defense military strategic thinking, unify the eyes inward and outward, adhere to the bottom line thinking, prepare for war, and create favorable conditions for the country’s peaceful development.

　　Winning the battlefield depends on the organic combination of “soft” and “hard” means. Informationized warfare is a system confrontation, relying on network information systems. The realization of “fast eating slow” depends on the integrated and orderly rapid operation of reconnaissance, early warning, command and control, firepower strikes, and comprehensive support in a multi-dimensional three-dimensional space. Among them, the role of “software” in system combat capability is more prominent. For example, how to solve the problem of difficult target identification: the lack of electronic fingerprint data of enemy aircraft and ship targets makes it impossible to conduct comparative analysis. Without these data, advanced equipment will not be able to fully play its role; how to solve the problem of difficult data transmission: when target information is transmitted to the weapon platform, if the data link loses information, it will be difficult to meet the launch needs of the weapon platform. For example, how to solve the problem of anti-interference? The guidance method of the naval and air force weapon platform is susceptible to interference. If this problem is not solved, it is difficult to hit accurately. The formation of system combat capability requires not only advanced weapons and equipment, but also long-term combat readiness and training accumulation. Informationized warfare must start with “knowing the enemy”. Through long-term and multi-means preparation, the opponent is thoroughly understood, the opponent is digitized, and the opponent’s main combat weapon information is carded, providing guarantees for system confrontation and defeating the enemy.

　　Winning the information war requires national cohesion. The recent local wars are asymmetric warfare with a huge disparity in strength between the two sides. They can also be said to be typical “fighting” wars, rather than evenly matched “fighting” wars. The wars we will face in the future are likely to be “fighting” wars. It is not feasible to use this “fighting” combat theory to guide future wars. In information warfare, people are still the basis for victory. Potential opponents are not afraid of our technological breakthroughs, but they are afraid of our unity. The development of science and technology and the research and development of advanced weapons and equipment require a process. Improving national cohesion often has immediate results. Innovating and developing the theory of people’s war under the new situation is our correct choice. Mobilizing the masses, relying on the masses, and for the masses can win future wars.

　　Editor’s Notes Zhou Feng

　　Seeing through the fog before Napoleon

　　Although Napoleon, known as the “giant of war” in the West, and Clausewitz, the “military saint”, did not have a face-to-face contest, they had several indirect confrontations. On November 9, 1799, the young general Napoleon became the supreme ruler of France and the representative of the capitalist forces in Europe at that time. Subsequently, in order to fight against the counterattack of the feudal forces in Europe, Napoleon organized troops to fight against the anti-French alliance several times. Among them, in the double battle of Jena-Auerstedt in October 1806, Napoleon defeated the fourth anti-French alliance dominated by Russia and Prussia, forcing Prussia to surrender. This battle was also the first time that Napoleon and Clausewitz fought on a mutually hostile battlefield. Clausewitz, 26 years old at the time, was the adjutant of Prince August, a senior general of the Prussian side, and was in his prime. The ever-changing battlefield fighting, especially his own experience of being captured by the French army, became the “grain” of his brewing of the old wine “On War”.

　　A year later, Clausewitz was released. Three years later, Prussia agreed to ally with France. Clausewitz resigned from the army in anger and defected to Russia to fight against France. Tsar Alexander at the time was one of the few staunch anti-French factions in Europe. He once emphasized: “Even if all the bayonets in Europe were concentrated on the Russian border, it would not shake my determination to fight against France!” In 1812, when Napoleon attacked Russia and began to retreat after his defeat in Moscow, Clausewitz, who participated in the war as a Russian cavalry officer, tried hard to chase him and capture him alive. However, Napoleon, who had experienced many battles, still managed to escape unscathed in a mess.

　　Although Clausewitz did not capture Napoleon, he captured his thoughts and revealed the real Napoleon with his pen: Although Napoleon’s military art was superb, everything he did was to safeguard the interests of France, and politics was his first starting point. As for the old emperors of European countries running around to besiege Napoleon, it was also to defend their own ruling status. Politics is the mother of war, and violence cannot be viewed alone under any circumstances. Compared with the concept of “fog of war” proposed later in “On War”, Clausewitz believed that it was more important to examine the fog before the war, including accurately judging the political situation of all parties, understanding the signs of war, weighing whether to fight or not, etc. But no matter how the fog is solved, it is just to solve the problem of seeing the essence through the phenomenon, and what is needed is a bunch of keys: problem awareness, mastering general or special laws and timely intelligence information.

(Source: Liberation Army Daily )

現代國語：

●資訊戰爭作為資訊時代的產物，體現了一些與以往戰爭完全不同的特點，主要體現在戰爭背景、作戰手段和方法等面向。

●與機械化戰爭相比，資訊化戰爭的戰爭是政治的延續、實力是勝利的基礎等基本屬性沒有改變。

●研究資訊戰，需要認識現代戰爭與以往戰爭相比的變化和不變，透過比較探索其勝利機制。

資訊戰與傳統戰爭相比有三大變化

戰爭的背景條件改變了。傳統安全與非傳統安全引發的資訊戰背景更加複雜。例如，經濟全球化使我們相互依存，國家之間鬥爭與合作成為常態；新興大國與老牌強國之間常出現衝突；任何一個戰略方向的軍事行動都可能引發多個方向、多個領域的連鎖反應。

戰爭的方式已經改變。資訊化戰爭不可能是正式的戰鬥。傳統安全與非傳統安全、戰爭與非戰爭的界線越來越模糊。軍事鬥爭方式層出不窮，戰場不確定性增加。 1894年甲午戰爭，中國慘敗的一個重要原因是被迫應戰，準備不充分。打贏未來資訊化戰爭，必須適應資訊時代要求，著眼解決實際問題，主動設計戰爭，做好充分準備，保持戰略主動。

戰爭手段發生了巨大變化。資訊化戰爭使戰略力量實現政治軍事目標的選擇更加多元。軍事鬥爭在陸、海、空、太空、電網等多維戰場空間同時進行，隱形戰場的角色更為凸顯。無論是戰爭行動或非戰爭軍事行動，都需要大規模系統支撐、大面積部署、大數據安全。

與傳統戰爭相比，資訊戰爭有三個共同點：

首先，戰爭作為政治延續的本質並沒有改變。戰爭是一種複雜的社會和政治現象。它是國家或國家、民族、種族和社會群體之間以武力解決衝突的一種方式。戰爭作為政治的延續，是解決利益衝突的最後手段。世界上沒有重複的戰爭，但戰爭的本質是一致的。而且，隨著世界政治、經濟的不斷發展，戰爭的政治目的將會更加強烈。因此，因應未來資訊化戰爭，有必要對政治本質進行更深層的分析研究，以增強軍事鬥爭準備的針對性。

其次，戰爭的基本法則沒有改變。戰爭基本法則是整個戰爭過程中各要素之間的本質與必然連結。無論是資訊化戰爭或傳統戰爭，實力是勝利的基礎，落後就是挨打；任何戰爭，正確的戰略指導是取勝的關鍵；雖然武器是贏得戰爭勝利的重要因素，但人永遠是決定性因素。決定戰爭勝負的不是裝備，而是人。資訊化武器裝備互聯互通、互通後，少數指揮官和參謀就可以控制大量分散的部隊和武器，從而大大提高戰鬥力和指揮決策速度。這種現象並不是人的作用下降，而是說明資訊化戰爭需要更高素質的人才來勝任指揮崗位。

第三，戰爭的角色沒有改變。戰爭極度暴力，常常為社會生產和人民生活帶來嚴重災難，阻礙社會進步，中斷一個國家的發展進程，甚至造成倒退。但如果規劃得當，可以將戰爭的損失降到最低，並可能為一個國家帶來更大的發展機會和利益。

打贏資訊化戰爭，必須掌握三大勝利機制

只有做好戰鬥準備，才能在未來的資訊戰爭中立於不敗之地。如果我們準備好了，我們可能不會去戰鬥，但如果我們沒有準備好，我們可能會被動挨打。危機並不可怕，可怕的是危機悄悄來臨，但我們卻渾然不覺。未來的戰爭是否會是四打不打並不完全取決於我們，但我們必須做好軍事鬥爭的準備。近年來，面對週邊地區頻繁的“熱點”，我們主動出擊，穩紮穩打，實現了戰略目標。未來，我國在發展過程中仍將遇到這樣或那樣的挑戰。刻不容緩地豐富和拓展積極防禦的軍事戰略思想，把目光向內與向外統一，堅持底線思維，做好打仗準備，為國家和平發展創造有利條件。

贏得戰場取決於「軟」手段和「硬」手段的有機結合。資訊化戰爭是系統對抗，依托網路資訊系統。實現“快吃慢”，有賴於多維立體空間內的偵察預警、指揮控制、火力打擊、綜合保障等一體化有序快速作戰。其中，「軟體」對於系統作戰能力的作用更為突出。例如如何解決目標辨識困難的問題：敵機、船艦目標電子指紋資料缺乏，無法進行比較分析。沒有這些數據，先進設備就無法充分發揮作用；如何解決資料傳輸困難的問題：當目標訊息傳輸到武器平台時，如果資料鏈遺失訊息，將難以滿足武器平台的發射需求。例如，如何解決抗干擾問題？海空軍武器平台的導引方式容​​易受到干擾。如果這個問題不解決，就很難打準。體係作戰能力的形成不僅需要先進的武器裝備，更需要長期的戰備訓練累積。資訊化戰爭必須從「知敵」開始。透過長期、多手段的準備，摸透對手、數位化對手、梳理對手主戰武器訊息，為系統對抗、克敵制勝提供保障。

贏得資訊戰需要民族凝聚力。近期的局部戰爭是雙方實力懸殊的不對稱戰爭。也可以說是典型的「打架」戰爭，而不是勢均力敵的「打架」戰爭。未來我們面臨的戰爭很可能是「打」戰。用這種「打仗」的作戰理論來指導未來的戰爭是不可行的。在資訊化戰爭中，人仍然是勝利的基礎。潛在的對手並不害怕我們的技術突破，而是害怕我們的團結。科學技術的發展和先進武器裝備的研發需要一個過程。提高民族凝聚力往往會產生立竿見影的效果。新形勢下創新和發展人民戰爭理論是我們的正確選擇。發動群眾、依靠群眾、為了群眾，才能贏得未來戰爭的勝利。

編者按 週峰

撥開拿破崙之前的迷霧

被譽為西方「戰爭巨人」的拿破崙與「軍事聖人」克勞塞維茨雖然沒有面對面的較量，但也有過幾次間接的交鋒。 1799年11月9日，年輕的將軍拿破崙成為法國的最高統治者，也是當時歐洲資本主義勢力的代表。隨後，為了對抗歐洲封建勢力的反撲，拿破崙多次組織軍隊與反法聯盟作戰。其中，在1806年10月的耶拿-奧爾施泰特雙重戰役中，拿破崙擊敗了以俄國和普魯士為主的第四次反法同盟，迫使普魯士投降。這場戰役也是拿破崙和克勞塞維茨第一次在相互敵對的戰場上作戰。克勞塞維茨當時26歲，是普魯士一方高級將領奧古斯特親王的副官，正值壯年。瞬息萬變的戰場戰鬥，尤其是他自己被法軍俘虜的經歷，成為他釀造《戰爭論》老酒的「糧」。

一年後，克勞塞維茨被釋放。三年後，普魯士同意與法國結盟。克勞塞維茨一怒之下退伍，投奔俄國與法國作戰。當時的沙皇亞歷山大是歐洲少數幾個堅定的反法派系之一。他曾強調：“即使歐洲所有的刺刀都集中在俄羅斯邊境，也動搖不了我對抗法國的決心！” 1812年，當拿破崙進攻俄羅斯並在莫斯科戰敗後開始撤退時，作為俄羅斯騎兵軍官參戰的克勞塞維茨，盡力追趕他並活捉他。然而，身經百戰的拿破崙仍然在一片狼藉中毫髮無傷地逃脫了。

克勞塞維茨雖然沒有捕捉到拿破崙，但他捕捉到了他的思想，用筆揭示了真實的拿破崙：拿破崙雖然軍事藝術高超，但他所做的一切都是為了維護法國的利益，政治是他的第一出發點。至於歐洲各國的老皇帝四處奔波圍攻拿破崙，也是為了捍衛自己的統治地位。政治是戰爭之母，任何情況下都不能單獨看待暴力。與後來在《戰爭論》中提出的「戰爭迷霧」概念相比，克勞塞維茨認為，在戰前審視迷霧更為重要，包括準確判斷各方政治局勢、了解戰爭徵兆、權衡戰爭迷霧等。

（圖片來源：解放軍報）https://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2014-04/01/content_71770.htm

中國原創軍事資源：

#Information Support Force, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Combat Planning, Command information Systems, Cyberspace Adminstration of China 中央網絡安全和信息勇, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊做好戰爭準備, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知戰

China to Promote Modernization of National Security System and Capabilities

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中國將推動國家安全體系與能力現代化

現代英語：

Promoting the modernization of national security system and capabilities
Wang Xiaohong

Promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities is a major strategic deployment made at the 20th CPC National Congress. The Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Modernization with Chinese Characteristics (hereinafter referred to as the Decision), adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, lists the modernization of the national security system and capabilities as a separate part. From the perspective of the overall development of the cause of the Party and the country, it further clarifies the goals, tasks and key measures for promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities in the new era and new journey, further points out the direction for us to do a good job and provides a fundamental guideline. Promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities is an inherent requirement for actively responding to various risks and challenges, serving and safeguarding the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation. It is an inevitable measure to continue writing a new chapter of the two miracles and effectively meet the people’s growing needs for a better life. It is also an objective need to actively adapt to changes in the world, the times, and history, and improve global security governance. We must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, deeply understand the decisive significance of the “two establishments”, enhance the “four consciousnesses”, strengthen the “four self-confidences”, and achieve the “two safeguards”. We must unswervingly implement the overall national security concept, solidly promote the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, effectively prevent and resolve various risks that affect my country’s modernization process, strive to build a safer China at a higher level, and provide strong security guarantees for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization.

1. Unswervingly implement the overall national security concept

The comprehensive national security concept is the national security chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It systematically answers a series of major theoretical and practical questions such as why to safeguard national security, what kind of national security to safeguard, and how to safeguard national security in the new era. It has formed a scientific theoretical system that is systematic, comprehensive, logically rigorous, rich in connotation, and internally unified. It is a powerful ideological weapon and action guide for promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities. It must be studied and understood in depth and resolutely implemented.

(I) Accurately grasp the core essence. The core essence of the overall national security concept is concentrated in the “ten insistences” proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, namely, insisting on the absolute leadership of the Party over national security work, insisting on the national security path with Chinese characteristics, insisting on the people’s security as the purpose, insisting on coordinating development and security, insisting on putting political security in the first place, insisting on coordinating and promoting security in all fields, insisting on putting the prevention and resolution of national security risks in a prominent position, insisting on promoting international common security, insisting on promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, and insisting on strengthening the construction of the national security cadre team. These “ten insistences” are the deepening, expansion and sublimation of our Party’s understanding of the laws of national security work, and profoundly answer the major contemporary issue of how to solve the common security problems faced in the development process of major countries in the new era and the new journey, and deal with the special security problems faced in the critical stage of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. They are both political, theoretical, historical and practical. Among them, insisting on the absolute leadership of the Party over national security work is the “root” and “soul”. We must always adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party over national security work, unswervingly implement the chairmanship responsibility system of the Central National Security Commission, improve the efficient and authoritative national security leadership system, and implement all decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee on national security work without fail.

(II) Accurately grasp the concept of comprehensive security. At present, the connotation and extension of my country’s national security are richer than at any time in history, the time and space scope is wider than at any time in history, and the internal and external factors are more complex than at any time in history. Against this background, the overall national security concept emphasizes the concept of comprehensive security, advocating that national security is comprehensive and systematic security, and is common and holistic security, covering politics, military, territory, economy, finance, culture, society, science and technology, network, food, ecology, resources, nuclear, overseas interests, space, deep sea, polar regions, biology, artificial intelligence, data and many other fields, breaking through the traditional concept of national security, and will continue to enrich with the development of the times and practice. We must always adhere to the overall priority, pay attention to understanding the diversity, relevance and dynamics of national security issues from an overall perspective, build a national security system that integrates security in all fields, and lay a solid foundation for security in all fields.

(III) Accurately grasp the principles and methods. In view of the characteristics of internal and external linkage, cross-domain transmission, and sudden amplification of security issues in the context of globalization and networking, the overall national security concept takes scientific coordination as an important principle and basic method of national security work. At the level of the Party and the state, it emphasizes the coordination of high-quality development and high-level security, pays attention to the synergy between national security work and various economic and social development work, plans and deploys together, and integrates national security into all aspects and links of the overall work of the Party and the state. At the level of national security itself, it emphasizes the coordination of external security and internal security, homeland security and national security, traditional security and non-traditional security, self-security and common security, and coordinates the maintenance and shaping of national security. It is necessary to coordinate development and security, promote the coordinated development and synchronization of all aspects of national security work, and effectively prevent the transmission and superposition of various risks.

II. Make every effort to implement key measures to modernize the national security system and capabilities

The Decision clearly requires that we focus on building a safer China at a higher level, improve the national security system, strengthen the integrated national strategic system, enhance the ability to safeguard national security, innovate the social governance system, mechanism and means, and effectively build a new security pattern. We must study and refine the key tasks deployed in the Decision one by one, and do a good job in promoting their implementation.

(I) Improve the national security system. The national security system is a concentrated reflection of the national security system and its execution capabilities. We must strengthen the coordination mechanism for national security work, improve the security guarantee system in key areas and the coordination and command system for important projects in accordance with the new characteristics and changes in the national security situation, improve the real-time monitoring, graded early warning, rapid verification, and prompt notification mechanisms for major risks across departments, improve the national security review and supervision system, crisis management mechanism, supervision and inspection, and accountability mechanism, and form a systematic synergy and combat effectiveness. We must improve the national security legal system, strategic system, policy system, and risk monitoring and early warning system, actively promote national security legislation in important areas such as space security, deep sea security, and data security, strengthen the inspection and supervision of the implementation of relevant laws and regulations on national security, and improve the level of legalization of national security work; strengthen national security strategic planning and top-level design, optimize the national security strategic guidelines, goals, and medium- and long-term plans, and make good use of various strategic resources and strategic means in a coordinated manner; adhere to the principle of acting according to the times and changing according to the situation, and improve the national security policy system and policy measures in key areas. We must improve the layout of national security forces and build a coordinated and efficient national security protection system. We must advance scientific and technological empowerment of national security, focus on major needs to strengthen research and development of key core technologies, comprehensively enhance the ability of science and technology to maintain and shape national security, and better play the role of scientific and technological innovation in supporting and guaranteeing national security.

(II) Improve the public safety governance mechanism. Public safety is linked to thousands of households on one end and economic and social development on the other end. It is a weathervane for social stability and order. We must adhere to safety first and prevention first, continuously improve the public safety governance mechanism, promote the transformation of the public safety governance model to pre-emptive prevention, and improve the level of public safety governance. We must improve the handling and guarantee system for major public emergencies, improve the emergency command mechanism under the framework of major safety and emergency, enhance the support and guarantee of human, financial and material resources in responding to public emergencies, strengthen the basic emergency foundation and strength at the grassroots level, improve the ability to prevent, reduce and eliminate disasters, and effectively prevent, reduce and eliminate hazards. We must improve the mechanism for the investigation and rectification of production safety risks and the responsibility investigation, strengthen institutionalized and normalized safety supervision, strictly implement the production safety responsibility system, prevent and resolve major safety risks from the source, and resolutely curb the occurrence of major accidents. We must improve the food and drug safety responsibility system, fully implement the main responsibility of enterprises for safety, consolidate the local management responsibility of local governments and the supervision responsibility of relevant departments, strengthen the safety supervision of the whole process and the whole life cycle, crack down on crimes that endanger food and drug safety in accordance with the law, and protect the “safety on the tip of the tongue” of the people. We must improve the biosafety supervision, early warning and prevention system, comprehensively improve the national biosafety governance capabilities, and weave a solid national biosafety protection network. We must strengthen the construction of the network security system, improve the laws and regulations on cyberspace governance, improve the network security level protection, key information infrastructure security protection, data security protection and other systems, prevent and resist cyber attacks, and build a solid network security “firewall”. We must establish an artificial intelligence security supervision system, accelerate the artificial intelligence legislation process, improve the science and technology ethics supervision rules, strengthen hierarchical and classified supervision, strengthen the dynamic analysis, assessment and early warning of relevant risks, and technical breakthroughs to ensure that artificial intelligence always develops in the direction of continuously improving people’s well-being.

(III) Improve the social governance system. Only when the social governance system is scientific and reasonable can national security work achieve twice the result with half the effort. We must adhere to and develop the “Fengqiao Experience” in the new era, improve the urban and rural grassroots governance system that combines self-governance, rule of law, and moral governance under the leadership of the Party organization, improve the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance, and sharing, form a situation of joint governance of problems, joint control of risks, and joint creation of peace, and improve the grassroots governance capacity and level. We must explore the establishment of a unified national population management system. We must adhere to the combination of professionals and the masses, and group prevention and group governance, improve the social work system and mechanism, strengthen party building to lead grassroots governance, strengthen the construction of the social worker team, promote the construction of the volunteer service system, better organize and mobilize the masses, and win the most reliable and solid mass foundation and source of strength for national security work. We must promote the legalization of petition work, focus on the goal of “clear rights and responsibilities, clear bottom line, handling in accordance with the law, good order, and satisfaction of the masses”, give full play to the normative, guarantee and leading role of the “Regulations on Petition Work”, promote the legalization of prevention, acceptance, handling, supervision and accountability, and maintenance of order, and ensure that every appeal of the masses is handled by someone and every appeal of the masses is promoted in accordance with the law. We must accurately grasp the requirements of major risk prevention and control in the city, fully integrate resources and forces, improve the organizational structure and organizational methods of city-level social governance, and enhance the city-level social governance capacity. We must strengthen the functions of public service platforms such as citizen hotlines, promote the docking of platforms such as “12345” and “110”, and improve the management mechanism and normal promotion mechanism of the key items list of “efficiently completing one thing”, so as to achieve diversified service methods, optimized service processes, simplified service materials, and minimized service costs. We must improve the social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanism, and shape a social mentality of self-esteem, self-confidence, rationality, peace, and friendship. We must improve the mechanism for giving full play to the role of family education and family style in grassroots governance. We must deepen the reform of industry associations and chambers of commerce, further stimulate endogenous motivation and vitality, and better play their unique advantages and roles. We must improve the management system of social organizations, strengthen standardized management, expand orderly participation, and promote social organizations to improve service quality and social credibility. We must improve the system of matching the responsibilities, powers, and resources of towns (streets), and strengthen the service management power of towns (streets). We must improve the overall social security prevention and control system, strengthen patrols and controls in key areas and locations, and enhance our control over social security; improve the regular work mechanisms such as cracking down on gangsters and eliminating evil, and severely punish illegal and criminal activities that have been strongly reflected by the masses, such as gang-related and evil-related crimes, telecommunications and Internet fraud, cross-border gambling, gun-related and explosive-related crimes, infringement on the rights and interests of women and children, pornography, gambling, drugs, theft, robbery and fraud, and do our utmost to protect the lives and property of the people.

(IV) Improve the mechanism of foreign-related national security. As more and more Chinese citizens and enterprises go abroad, the status of foreign-related security in the overall national security work is becoming more and more important. We must thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought, actively implement the global security initiative, plan and promote foreign-related national security work with a high position and high standards, strive to create an international environment that is favorable to us, and resolutely defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests. We must establish and improve the coordination mechanism for peripheral security work and promote security cooperation with neighboring countries. We must strengthen the system and mechanism for early warning, prevention and control, and protection of overseas interests and investment risks, establish a legal risk assessment system for foreign-related projects, guide Chinese-funded enterprises to operate overseas in accordance with the law, and enhance the awareness and ability of overseas risk prevention and control; deepen international law enforcement cooperation in the field of security, expand the “circle of friends” for law enforcement and security cooperation, and effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal persons overseas. We must improve the anti-sanction, anti-interference, and anti-“long-arm jurisdiction” mechanisms, strengthen legislation in the field of foreign-related security, and enrich the legal “toolbox”. We must improve the mechanism for safeguarding maritime rights and interests, improve the cross-military and cross-departmental working model, and effectively prevent and resolve major maritime security risks. We must improve the mechanism for participating in global security governance, adhere to the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, safeguard the international system with the United Nations at its core, the international order based on international law, and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, attach importance to the reasonable security concerns of all countries, actively participate in bilateral and multilateral mechanisms under the UN framework, give full play to the role of mechanisms and platforms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, BRICS cooperation, “China + Central Asian Five Countries” and the Global Public Security Cooperation Forum (Lianyungang), promote the building of a balanced, effective and sustainable security architecture, jointly deal with regional disputes and global security issues, and achieve universal and common security.

III. Basic Requirements for Modernizing National Security Systems and Capabilities

To advance the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, we must clarify work requirements, organize scientifically, and advance in a rigorous manner.

(I) Enhance systematic thinking. Promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities is a complex systematic project. We must use systematic thinking to observe the security situation, analyze security issues, and plan security countermeasures. We must be good at observing the general trend and planning major events, see the trees and the forest, strengthen forward-looking thinking, overall planning, strategic layout, and overall promotion, strengthen coordination and efficiency, focus on system integration, break down departmental and local barriers, and promote the coordination and integrated promotion of national security work in all fields and aspects.

(II) Consolidate the grassroots foundation. If the foundation is not solid, the earth will shake. As the modernization of the national security system and capabilities gradually deepens, some basic and deep-seated problems have become increasingly prominent. We must accurately grasp the characteristics of the current situation and tasks, do a solid job of grasping the grassroots, laying the foundation, and benefiting the long-term, strengthen grassroots forces, basic work, and basic capacity building, improve mechanisms, innovate methods, and enrich means in a targeted manner, make great efforts to make up for shortcomings, strengthen weaknesses, and consolidate the foundation, and consolidate the foundation for maintaining national security.

(III) Strengthen publicity and education. Maintaining national security is a just cause. We must not only “do” it unswervingly, but also “say” it with confidence. We must insist on combining centralized publicity and education with regular publicity and education, innovate content, methods and carriers, carry out publicity and education activities that are popular with the people, and extend them to the grassroots, expand to various units, and cover the general public, create a strong atmosphere in which everyone is responsible for national security, and guide the general public to enhance their awareness of national security, assume national security responsibilities, and improve their ability to maintain national security.

(IV) Strengthen the implementation of responsibilities. Maintaining national security is the common responsibility of the whole society. We must overcome the mentality of “waiting, relying on, and asking for help”, take the initiative, take positive actions, clarify responsibilities, refine the division of labor, and form a work pattern of grasping each level and implementing it at each level, so that we have the responsibility to defend the territory, be responsible for the territory, and do our best to defend the territory. Especially for difficult problems, we must carry forward the spirit of nailing down the nails, strengthen research, concentrate on tackling key problems, and ensure breakthroughs. At the same time, we must strengthen communication and coordination, clench our fingers into a fist, take a step forward, leave no gaps, and form a strong synergy that brings together all aspects and levels of the party, government, military, civilians, and academics.

現代國語：

推動國家安全體系和能力現代化
王小洪

推動國家安全體系和能力現代化，是黨的二十大作出的重大戰略部署。黨的二十屆三中全會通過的《中共中央關於進一步全面深化改革、推進中國式現代化的決定》（以下簡稱《決定》），將推進國家安全體系和能力現代化單列一部分，從黨和國家事業發展全局的高度，進一步明確了新時代新征程推進國家安全體系和能力現代化的目標任務、重點舉措，為我們做好工作進一步指明了前進方向、提供了根本遵循。推動國家安全體系和能力現代化，是積極應對各類風險挑戰，服務保障強國建設、民族復興偉業的內在要求，是續寫兩大奇蹟新篇章、有效滿足人民日益增長的美好生活需要的必然舉措，也是主動適應世界變化、時代變化、歷史變化，完善全球安全治理的客觀需求。我們要堅持以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，深入學習貫徹黨的二十屆三中全會精神，深刻領悟「兩個確立」的決定性意義，增強「四個意識」、堅定「四個自信”、做到“兩個維護”，堅定不移貫徹總體國家安全觀，紮實推進國家安全體系和能力現代化，有效防範和化解影響我國現代化進程的各種風險，努力建設更高水平平安中國，為以中國式現代化全面推動強國建設、民族復興偉業提供堅強安全保障。

一、堅定不移貫徹整體國家安全觀

整體國家安全觀是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的國家安全篇，系統回答了新時代為什麼維護國家安全、維護怎樣的國家安全、怎樣維護國家安全等一系列重大理論和實踐問題，形成了系統全面、邏輯嚴密、內涵豐富、內在統一的科學理論體系，是推動國家安全體系和能力現代化的強大思想武器和行動指南，必須深入學習領會、堅決貫徹落實。

（一）準確把握核心要義。總體國家安全觀的核心要義，集中體現為習近平總書記提出的“十個堅持”，即堅持黨對國家安全工作的絕對領導，堅持中國特色國家​​安全道路，堅持以人民安全為宗旨，堅持統籌發展和安全，堅持把政治安全放在首要位置，堅持統籌推進各領域安全，堅持把防範化解國家安全風險擺在突出位置，堅持推進國際共同安全，堅持推進國家安全體系和能力現代化，堅持加強國家安全幹部隊伍建設。這「十個堅持」是我們黨對國家安全工作規律性認識的深化、拓展、昇華，深刻回答了新時代新征程如何既解決好大國發展進程中面臨的共性安全問題、又處理好中華民族偉大復興關鍵階段面臨的特殊安全問題這個重大時代議題，既有政治性、理論性，又有歷史性、實踐性。其中，堅持黨對國家安全工作的絕對領導，是「根」和「魂」。要隨時堅持黨對國家安全工作的集中統一領導，堅定不移貫徹中央國家安全委員會主席負責制，完善高效權威的國家安全領導體制，不折不扣把黨中央關於國家安全工作的各項決策部署落實處。

（二）準確掌握大安全理念。目前，我國國家安全的內涵和外延比歷史上任何時候都要豐富，時空領域比歷史上任何時候都要寬廣，內外因素比歷史上任何時候都要複雜。在此背景下，整體國家安全觀強調的是大安全理念，主張國家安全是全面、系統的安全，是共同、整體的安全，涵蓋政治、軍事、國土、經濟、金融、文化、社會、科技、網路、糧食、生態、資源、核子、海外利益、太空、深海、極地、生物、人工智慧、數據等許多領域，突破了傳統的國家安全觀，並且也將隨著時代和實踐的發展而不斷豐富。要始終堅持整體為要，注重從整體視角認識國家安全問題的多樣性、關聯性和動態性，建構集各領域安全於一體的國家安全體系，築牢各領域安全底線。

（三）準確把握原則法。針對全球化、網路化時代背景下安全問題的內外連動性、跨域傳導性、突變放大性等特點，整體國家安全觀把科學統籌作為國家安全工作的重要原則和基本方法。在黨和國家事業層面，強調統籌高品質發展和高水準安全，注重國家安全工作與經濟社會發展各項工作的協同性，做到一起規劃、一起部署，把國家安全貫穿到黨和國家工作全局各方面各環節。在國家安全本身層面，強調統籌外部安全和內部安全、國土安全和國民安全、傳統安全和非傳統安全、自身安全和共同安全，統籌維護和塑造國家安全。要統籌發展與安全，推動國家安全各方面工作統籌進行、協調同步，有效防範各類風險傳導、疊加。

二、全力抓好推進國家安全體系和能力現代化的重點舉措

《決定》明確要求，聚焦建立更高水準平安中國，健全國家安全體系，強化一體化國家戰略體系，增強維護國家安全能力，創新社會治理體制機制與手段，有效建構新安全格局。我們要對照《決定》部署的各項重點任務，逐一研究細化，抓好推進落實。

（一）健全國家安全體系。國家安全體係是國家安全制度及其執行能力的集中體現。要強化國家安全工作協調機制，根據國家安全情勢新特徵新變化，完善重點領域安全保障體系和重要專案協調指揮體系，健全重大風險跨部門即時監測、分級預警、快速核查、提示通報等機制，健全國家安全審查和監管制度、危機管控機制、督促檢查和責任追究機制等，形成系統性合力和戰鬥力。要改善國家安全法治體系、戰略體系、政策體系、風險監測預警體系，積極推動太空安全、深海安全、資料安全等重要領域國家安全立法，加強對國家安全有關法律法規執行的檢查監督工作，提升國家安全工作法治化程度；加強國家安全戰略規劃與頂層設計，優化國家安全戰略指導方針、目標、中長期規劃，統籌用好各種戰略資源和戰略手段；堅持因時而動、因勢而變，完善國家安全政策體系和重點領域政策措施。要完善國家安全力量佈局，建構連結高效率的國家安全防護體系。要推動國家安全科技賦能，聚焦重大需求加強關鍵核心技術攻關，全面增強科技維護及塑造國家安全能力，更好發揮科技創新對國家安全的支撐保障作用。

（二）完善公共安全治理機制。公共安全一頭連著千家萬戶，一頭連著經濟社會發展，是社會穩定有序的風向標。要堅持安全第一、預防為主，不斷完善公共安全治理機制，推動公共安全治理模式邁向事前預防轉型，提升公共安全治理水準。要健全重大突發公共事件處置保障體系，完善大安全大應急框架下應急指揮機制，增強應對突發公共事件的人力財力物力等各方面支撐保障，強化基層應急基礎和力量，提高防災減災救災能力，有效預防、減輕、消除危害。要完善安全生產風險排除整治與責任倒查機制，加強制度化常態化安全監管，嚴格落實安全生產責任制，從源頭防範化解重大安全風險，堅決遏止重特大事故發生。要完善食品藥品安全責任體系，全面落實企業安全主體責任，壓實地方政府屬地管理責任和有關部門監管責任，強化全流程、全生命週期安全監管，依法打擊危害食品藥品安全犯罪，守護人民群眾“舌尖上的安全」。要健全生物安全監理預警防控體系，全面提升國家生物安全治理能力，織牢國家生物安全防護網。要加強網路安全體制建設，改善網路空間治理法規，健全網路安全等級保護、關鍵資訊基礎設施安全保護、資料安全保護等製度，防範抵禦網路攻擊，築牢網路安全「防火牆」。要建立人工智慧安全監管制度，加速人工智慧立法進程，完善科技倫理監管規則，加強分級分類監管，加強對有關風險的動態分析、評估預警、技術攻堅，確保人工智慧始終朝著不斷增進人民福祉的方向發展。

（三）健全社會治理體系。社會治理體系科學合理，國家安全工作才能事半功倍。要堅持和發展新時代“楓橋經驗”，健全黨組織領導的自治、法治、德治相結合的城鄉基層治理體系，完善共建共治共享的社會治理制度，形成問題聯治、風險聯控、平安聯創的局面，提升基層治理能力與水準。要探討建立全國統一的人口管理制度。要堅持專群結合、群防群治，健全社會工作體制機制，加強黨建引領基層治理，加強社會工作者隊伍建設，推動志願服務體系建設，更好組織群眾、發動群眾，為國家安全工作贏得最可靠、最強的群眾基礎和力量來源。要推廣信訪工作法治化，聚焦「權責明、底數清、依法辦、秩序好、群眾滿意」目標，充分發揮《信訪工作條例》的規範、保障和引領作用，推動預防法治化、受理法治化、辦理法治化、監督追責法治化、維護秩序法治化，確保群眾的每一項訴求都有人辦理、群眾的每一項訴求都依法推進。要精確掌握把重大風險防控化解在市域的要求，充分整合資源力量，完善市域社會治理的組織架構與組織方式，提升市域社會治理能力。要強化市民專線等公共服務平台功能，推動「12345」、「110」等平台對接；健全「高效辦成一件事」重點事項清單管理機制與常態化推展機制，實現辦事方式多元化、辦事流程最優化、辦事材料最簡化、辦事成本最小化。要健全社會心理服務體系與危機介入機制，塑造自尊自信、理性平和、親善友愛的社會心態。要健全發揮家庭家教家風建設在基層治理中作用的機制。要深化產業協會商會改革，進一步激發內生動力與活力，更好發揮獨特優勢與作用。要健全社會組織管理制度，加強規範管理、擴大有序參與，促進社會組織提升服務品質及社會公信力。要健全鄉鎮（街道）職責與權力、資源相符制度，加強鄉鎮（街道）服務管理力量。要完善社會治安整體防控體系，加強重點區域、部位巡防巡控，提升社會治安掌控力；健全掃黑除惡常態化等工作機制，依法嚴懲涉黑涉惡、電信網路詐騙、跨境賭博、涉槍涉爆、侵害婦女兒童權益及黃賭毒、盜搶等民眾反映強烈的違法犯罪活動，全力維護民眾生命財產安全。

（四）完善涉外國家安全機制。隨著我國公民、企業走出去越來越多，涉外安全在國家安全工作全局的地位愈加重要。要深入學習貫徹習近平外交思想，積極實踐全球安全倡議，高站位、高標準謀劃推進涉外國家安全工作，努力創造於我有利的國際環境，堅決捍衛國家主權、安全、發展利益。要建立健全週邊安全工作協調機制，推動同週邊國家安全合作。要強化海外利益及投資風險預警、防控、保護體制機制，建立涉外項目法律風險評估制度，引導中資企業境外依法合規經營，增強海外風險防控意識和能力；深化安全領域國際執法合作，擴大執法安全合作“朋友圈”，有力維護我國公民、法人在海外合法權益。要健全反制裁、反干涉、反「長臂管轄」機制，加強涉外安全領域立法，充實法律「工具箱」。要健全維護海洋權益機制，完善跨軍地、跨部門工作模式，有效防範化解涉海重大安全風險。要完善參與全球安全治理機制，堅持共同、綜合、合作、永續的安全觀，維護以聯合國為核心的國際體系、以國際法為基礎的國際秩序、以聯合國憲章宗旨和原則為基礎的國際關係基本準則，尊重各國主權、領土完整，重視各國合理安全關切，積極參與聯合國框架下的雙多邊機制，發揮上海合作組織、金磚合作、「中國+中亞五國」和全球公共安全合作論壇（連雲港）等機制平台作用，推動建構均衡、有效、永續的安全架構，共同因應區域爭端和全球性安全問題，實現普遍安全、共同安全。

三、推動國家安全體系和能力現代化的基本要求

推動國家安全體系和能力現代化，必須明確工作要求，科學組織、嚴密推進。

（一）增強系統思維。推動國家安全體系和能力現代化，是一項複雜的系統工程。要運用系統思維來觀察安全情勢、分析安全問題、規劃安全對策，善於觀大勢、謀大事，既見樹木、更見森林，加強前瞻性思考、全局性規劃、策略性佈局、整體性推進，強化協同高效、狠抓制度貫通，打破部門及地方壁壘，推動各領域各方面國家安全工作銜接協調、一體推進。

（二）夯實基層基礎。基礎不牢，地動山搖。隨著推動國家安全體系與能力現代化逐步走向深入，一些基礎性、深層的問題愈發凸顯。要準確掌握當前面臨的情勢任務特點，紮實實在做好抓基層、打基礎、利長遠的工作，加強基層力量、基礎工作、基本能力建設，針對性完善機制、創新方法、豐富手段，下大氣力補短板、強弱項、固底板，夯實維護國家安全的根基。

（三）加強宣導教育。維護國家安全是一項正義的事業，不僅要堅定不移地“做”，也要理直氣壯地“說”。要堅持集中性宣傳教育與經常性宣傳教育結合，創新內容、方式和載體，開展人民群眾喜聞樂見的宣傳教育活動，並延伸到基層、拓展到各個單位、覆蓋到廣大群眾，營造國家安全人人有責的濃厚氛圍，引導廣大人民增強國家安全意識、擔當國家安全責任、提升維護國家安全能力。

（四）強化責任落實。維護國家安全是全社會的共同責任。要克服「等靠要」思想，主動擔當、積極作為，明確職責、細化分工，形成一級抓一級、層層抓落實的工作格局，做到守土有責、守土負責、守土盡責。特別是對難點問題，要發揚釘釘子精神，加強研究，集中攻關，確保取得突破。同時，要加強溝通協調、攥指成拳，靠前一步、不留縫隙，形成匯聚黨政軍民學各戰線各方面各層級的強大合力。

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202408/content_6967888.htm