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Chinese Military Review of the Strategic Game Among Major Powers Within Context of Military Intelligence

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軍事情報視野下的大國戰略博弈－中國軍事評論

現代英語：

In today’s world, the new military revolution has entered a critical qualitative change stage. Intelligent warfare with ubiquitous intelligence, interconnectedness, human-machine integration, and full-domain collaboration is accelerating. In order to consolidate its position as the world’s hegemon, the United States actively promotes the third “offset strategy” to “change the future war situation”, formulates an artificial intelligence development strategy, accelerates the actual combat testing and exercises of artificial intelligence, and regards intelligent technology as the core of a “disruptive technology group” that can change the “rules of the game”. Military powers such as Russia, Britain, and Israel are unwilling to lag behind and are also stepping up to improve their respective strategic layouts in the field of artificial intelligence. As competition among major powers intensifies, military intelligence will become the new commanding heights of the arms race.

    【Key words】military conflict, artificial intelligence strategy, AI war 【Chinese Library Classification Number】D81 【Document Identification Code】A

    In 2017, Master, known as the evolved version of “AlphaGo”, swept the top Go players on the online Go platform and won 60 consecutive games; in 2019, in the StarCraft II man-machine competition, two top human players were defeated with a score of 1:10; in 2020, in the “Alpha” air combat competition held by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of the United States Department of Defense, the F-16 piloted by the US military ace pilot was completely defeated by the artificial intelligence fighter with a score of 0:5. These events show that the era of artificial intelligence that humans both look forward to and fear has quietly arrived.

    Engels said, “Once technological advances can be used for military purposes and have been used for military purposes, they will immediately and almost forcibly, and often against the will of the commander, cause reforms or even changes in the way of warfare.” At present, the militarized application of artificial intelligence has caused “the winning mechanism of war to undergo an unprecedented transformation, and the center of gravity of combat power generation is undergoing a historic shift.” A new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution provides support for the intelligent era of “controlling energy with intelligence.”

    Military artificial intelligence demonstrates its powerful power in modern warfare

    The drive of the arms race among the major powers is triggering a chain of changes in the military field. In recent years, the world situation has been in a turbulent period, which has triggered a series of geopolitical crises. The concept of “hybrid warfare” has entered the war stage, and military artificial intelligence has entered a new stage of development. The rapid development and comprehensive integration of technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, and reconnaissance and strike drones have demonstrated their powerful power in modern warfare. Whether it is the physical domain of firepower strikes, the interest domain of economic sanctions, or the cognitive domain of public opinion and psychological control, it makes people deeply feel that military artificial intelligence is becoming popular.

    Assassinating senior Iranian officials, AI becomes a “killing tool” for the US military. On January 3, 2020, then-US President Trump ordered the US military to launch an airstrike on Baghdad International Airport in Iraq without the consent of the US Congress. This airstrike directly killed Iranian senior official Soleimani. Soleimani is the top commander of the “Quds Brigade” of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard. Why was he successfully assassinated by the United States in the capital of Iraq? It is reported that the “Reaper” drone carried out this mission, which “targeted and eliminated” Soleimani by projecting “Hellfire” missiles. The operation was very secretive and could not be detected by radar. Even the US spy satellites did not know the location of the “Reaper” at the time. It should be emphasized that the assassination of Soleimani was an illegal and brutal act of the United States using terrorist means, “one of the war crimes committed by the United States by abusing force”, and its so-called “rules-based international order” is a pure whitewash, and its essence is a true manifestation of hegemony.

    In the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Israel launched the “first AI war”. In May 2021, Israel launched “Operation Rampart” against Hamas. During the 11-day battle in the Gaza Strip, Israel relied on advanced information collection technology, analytical algorithms and AI-led decision support systems to quickly and effectively select attack targets and use the most appropriate ammunition as needed. Through hundreds of intensive and precise strikes from multiple combat platforms, it paralyzed Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad Organization’s rocket positions, rocket manufacturing plants, ammunition depots, military intelligence agencies, senior commanders’ residences and other key facilities, destroyed several autonomous GPS-guided submarines of the Hamas Maritime Commando, and killed Bassem Issa and other Hamas senior commanders and senior agents.

    It has been disclosed that the artificial intelligence system used in the war is an algorithm system developed by an elite team code-named 8200. The three systems “Alchemist”, “Gospel” and “Deep Wisdom” hatched by the team were all used in this military operation. The “Alchemist” system can analyze the enemy’s attempt to launch an attack and provide real-time warnings through the communication device carried by individual soldiers. The information fed back by the soldiers will also be collected again and evaluated for the next attack; the “Gospel” system can generate target strike suggestions and mark target information in real time. Commanders can flexibly select important targets and implement strikes based on battlefield conditions; the “Deep Wisdom” system can accurately draw a map of the tunnel network of Hamas armed organizations in the Gaza Strip through intelligence collection and big data fusion such as signal intelligence, visual intelligence, personnel intelligence, and geographic intelligence, forming a situation map that fully reflects the conflict area scenario. The use of these technologies has greatly enhanced the Israeli army’s battlefield situation awareness capabilities. A senior intelligence official of the Israel Defense Forces said that this is “the first time that AI has become a key component and combat power amplifier in fighting the enemy.” The Israeli military believes that the use of AI has brought “super cognitive ability” and even directly calls it “the first artificial intelligence war.”

    In order to seize the technological commanding heights, countries are stepping up their strategic layout of military intelligence

    Artificial intelligence is regarded as a key strategic technology in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In order to gain the upper hand in the new round of disruptive technology competition, the world’s military and technological powers, led by the United States, have stepped up their strategic layout around military intelligence, and are working intensively and spare no effort.

    The United States attempts to rely on artificial intelligence to maintain its military hegemony. Since 2016, the U.S. Department of Defense has successively issued documents such as “Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence”, “National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan”, and “Department of Defense Artificial Intelligence Strategy”, which have elevated the development of artificial intelligence to the national strategic level. In order to establish its own “rules of war”, the Pentagon has successively formulated artificial intelligence technology research and development plans, key project concepts, and technical standards and specifications, and focused on building a research and development production and combat application system. In summary, the U.S. military’s layout for the future development of artificial intelligence can be roughly divided into three stages: near, medium, and long. In the first stage, before 2025, with unmanned, stealth, and remote combat platforms as the development focus, a “global surveillance and strike system” will be built, and unmanned systems will become the main means of military intervention by the U.S. military. In the second stage, before 2035, with intelligent combat platforms, information systems, and command and decision-making systems as the development focus, an intelligent combat system will be initially established, and unmanned systems will surpass manned systems and occupy a dominant position in combat. The third stage, before 2050, will focus on the development of technologies such as strong artificial intelligence, nanorobots, and brain networking, fully realize the intelligence of combat platforms, information systems, and command and control, promote the expansion of combat space to biospace, nanospace, and intelligent space, and strive to seek the intelligent combat system to enter the advanced stage.

    The various branches of the U.S. military have also launched and continuously updated their artificial intelligence development plans. The ground unmanned autonomous system has the “U.S. Ground Unmanned System Roadmap” and the “U.S. Robot Development Roadmap”, etc., and plans to achieve intelligent formations and coordinated actions of manned and unmanned by 2030, and realize the mobility of synthetic forces by 2040. The aerial unmanned autonomous system has a special drone development plan, and the long-term goal is to form a complete aerial unmanned equipment system covering high, medium and low altitudes, large, medium, small and micro, ordinary and long flight time. The maritime unmanned autonomous system is divided into two directions. One is to create a new underwater combat system, using multiple unmanned submarines to form a mobile integrated reconnaissance, detection, and strike network, and form an “advanced underwater unmanned fleet”; the other is to accelerate the development of surface unmanned ships and make breakthroughs in the “human-machine cooperation” of surface unmanned ships. In addition, the U.S. Department of Defense has also established partnerships with industry, academia and allies to ensure access to the most advanced artificial intelligence technology support.

    Russia has also put forward its own strategic plan in the field of artificial intelligence. In recent years, Russian President Vladimir Putin has attached great importance to the development of artificial intelligence. He proposed that artificial intelligence is the future for both Russia and all mankind. Whoever becomes a leader in this field will stand out and gain a huge competitive advantage. Artificial intelligence is related to the future of the country. Russian Chief of General Staff Gerasimov said that the Russian army is “developing non-nuclear strategic deterrence forces” through artificial intelligence equipment. Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said that the Russian army is stepping up the research and development and deployment of military robots, and combat robots will be put into mass production.

    As early as November 2014, Russia adopted a plan to develop combat robots by 2025, proposing that robot systems will account for 30% of the entire weapons and military technology system by 2025. In December 2015, Putin signed a presidential decree to “establish a national robotics technology development center”, providing institutional support for the development of artificial intelligence from a strategic level. In recent years, Russia has successively issued strategic plans such as “Future Russian Military Robot Application Concept”, “National Artificial Intelligence Development Strategy by 2030”, and “Russian Federation Defense Plan 2021-2025”, carried out war games in various complex combat environments, studied the impact of artificial intelligence on various levels such as strategy, campaign and tactics, and strived to build a multi-level and multi-dimensional unmanned intelligent combat system that is interconnected.

    From the perspective of medium- and long-term goals, attacking unmanned equipment is the focus of Russia’s development. In 2019, Russian President Vladimir Putin proposed at the Russian Federation Security Conference that in the next 10 years, the Russian army will vigorously develop combat robot systems that can perform tasks on the battlefield. The short-term goal is to build a multifunctional combat robot force with certain autonomous control capabilities by 2025. According to information, the force will be composed of 5 types of robots, each of which can be independently divided into combat units and can basically complete battlefield combat tasks without or with very little human intervention. At present, the Russian army has started the experimental design work of the heavy and light robot “assault” and “comrade” systems. Some experts analyzed that the combat robot force may become an independent and brand-new branch of the Russian army.

    The United States is wooing its allies to prepare for AI wars, and the AI ​​arms race is intensifying. In recent years, in order to maintain its absolute leading position in the field of artificial intelligence, the United States has stepped up its own AI militarization construction while trying to win over its allies to jointly develop a joint operation AI system in the name of serving the alliance combat system. According to the U.S. “Defense News” website, in September 2020, the U.S. Joint Artificial Intelligence Center has launched the “Defense Partnership Program”, which covers the United Kingdom, France, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden and other countries. It aims to develop an AI system that is interconnected with the above-mentioned allies and lay the foundation for joint operations in intelligent warfare. It is reported that relevant defense representatives of the United States and its allies have held several meetings around this plan. The United States also claimed that this defense cooperation will “open the door” to more interested U.S. allies.

    The United States’s push will undoubtedly intensify the AI ​​arms race among the world’s major military powers. Among the United States’ many allies, Israel’s AI level is the best. Israel is the world’s largest exporter of military drones; it has the world’s first controllable autonomous unmanned vehicle, the Guardian, which has been equipped to the troops; it is the only country in the world, except the United States, equipped with unmanned surface vessels, and has many types of unmanned surface vessels such as the Protector, Stingray, and Seagull.

    Other major countries are also stepping up their layout in the field of artificial intelligence. The United Kingdom has formulated an artificial intelligence development path of “universities as the source, military-civilian integration”, and issued the “National Artificial Intelligence Strategy” and the “Robots and Artificial Intelligence” strategic plan. France has formulated the “French Artificial Intelligence Strategy” and the “French Artificial Intelligence Plan”. Since 2018, it has increased its defense budget year by year and continuously increased investment in the research and development of artificial intelligence weapons. Germany has the world’s largest artificial intelligence research center. In 2018, it issued the “Artificial Intelligence Strategy” and planned to create an “Artificial Intelligence Made in Germany” brand by 2025. Japan has successively issued the “Artificial Intelligence Strategy”, “New Robot Strategy” and “Comprehensive Science and Technology Innovation Strategy”, and established the “Innovative Intelligence Comprehensive Research Center” to focus on the development of artificial intelligence-related technologies. In January 2021, the Australian Department of Defense issued the “Fighting the Artificial Intelligence War: Operational Concepts for Future Intelligent Warfare”. This document focuses on how to apply artificial intelligence to land, sea and air combat.

    As some experts have said, “Intelligent technology is a double-edged sword. While it promotes the evolution of warfare to intelligent warfare, it also brings about a series of new war ethics issues and dilemmas in the law of war.” What changes will artificial intelligence bring to human society? This issue deserves in-depth thinking and continued attention.

    (The author is the director of the News Research Department of Guangming Daily)

    【References】

    ①Wu Mingxi: Intelligent Warfare—AI Military Vision, Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, January 2020.

    ②Guo Ming: “Basic Understanding of Intelligent Warfare”, “People’s Forum·Academic Frontier”, Issue 10, 2021.

    ③ Ding Ning and Zhang Bing: “Development of Intelligent Weapons and Equipment of Major Military Powers in the World”, “Military Digest”, Issue 1, 2019.

    ④ Ge Yan and Jia Zhenzhen: “Future Combat Concepts and Combat Styles under Military Transformation”, “Military Digest”, Issue 15, 2020.

    ⑤He Fuchu: “The Future Direction of the New World Military Revolution”, Reference News, August 23, 2017.

    ⑥Ma Junyang: “Russian-made unmanned intelligent weapons debut in Syria”, People’s Liberation Army Daily, December 30, 2019.

Geng HaijunPeople’s Forum (July 1, 2022, Issue 03)

現代國語：

當今世界，新軍事變革進入關鍵性變遷階段，智慧泛在、萬物互聯、人機共融、全局協同的智慧化戰爭正加速演進。為鞏固世界霸主地位，美國積極推行“改變未來戰局”的第三次“抵消戰略”，制定人工智能發展戰略，加速人工智能實戰檢驗和演習，將智能科技視作可改變“遊戲規則”的“顛覆性技術群”的核心。俄羅斯、英國、以色列等軍事強國不甘落後，也加緊完善各自在人工智慧領域的戰略佈局。大國競爭加劇，軍事智慧化將成為新的軍備競賽制高點。

【關鍵字】軍事衝突 人工智慧戰略 AI戰爭 【中圖分類號】D81 【文獻識別碼】A

2017年，被稱為進化版「阿爾法狗」的Master在圍棋網路平台橫掃圍棋界頂尖高手，豪取60連勝；2019年，星際爭霸Ⅱ遊戲人機對抗賽中，兩位人類頂尖選手以1：10的比數慘敗；2020年，在美國國防部高級研究計畫局舉辦的「阿爾法」空中格鬥競賽中，由美軍王牌飛行員駕駛的F-16以0：5完敗於人工智慧戰鬥機。這些事件表明，人類既期待又畏懼的人工智慧時代已經悄悄到來。

恩格斯說，「一旦技術上的進步可以用於軍事目的並且已經用於軍事目的，它們便立刻幾乎強制地，而且往往是違反指揮官的意志而引起作戰方式上的改革甚至變革」。當下，人工智慧的軍事化應用使「戰爭的致勝機制正在發生前所未有的嬗變，戰鬥力生成的重心正發生歷史性的位移」。新一輪科技革命、產業革命和軍事革命為「以智地」的智慧化時代提供了支撐。

軍事人工智慧在現代戰爭中展現出強大威力

大國軍備競賽的驅動，正引發軍事領域鍊式變革。近年來，世界局勢處於動盪不安時期，由此引發了一系列地緣政治危機，「混合戰爭」概念登上戰爭舞台，軍事人工智慧進入發展新階段。人工智慧、大數據、雲端運算、察打一體無人機等技術的快速發展、全面融合，在現代戰爭中展現出強大威力。無論是火力打擊的物理域、經濟制裁的利益域，或是輿情心理控制的認知域，無不使人深刻感受到軍事人工智慧正在大行其道。

刺殺伊朗高官，AI成為美軍「殺人工具」。 2020年1月3日，時任美國總統川普未經美國國會同意，下令讓美軍空襲伊拉克巴格達國際機場。這次空襲，直接殺死了伊朗高官蘇萊曼尼。蘇萊曼尼是伊朗革命衛隊「聖城旅」最高指揮官，為何會被美國在伊拉克首都暗殺成功？有消息透露，實施這項任務的是「收割者」無人機，它透過投射「地獄火」飛彈，對蘇萊曼尼進行了「定點清除」。這次行動十分隱秘，雷達無法偵測到，連美軍間諜衛星都不知道這架「收割者」當時的位置。需要強調的是，刺殺蘇萊曼尼，是美國動用恐怖主義手段的非法和殘暴行徑，“是美國濫用武力犯下的戰爭罪行之一”，其所謂的“基於規則的國際秩序”是純粹的粉飾，本質是霸權主義的真實表露。

在巴以衝突中，以色列打響了「第一次AI戰爭」。 2021年5月，以色列對哈馬斯發起「城牆衛兵行動」。在加薩地帶11天的戰鬥中，以色列依靠先進的資訊收集技術、分析演算法和人工智慧主導的決策支援系統，快速有效地選擇攻擊目標並根據需要使用最合適的彈藥，透過數百次多種作戰平台的密集、精確打擊，癱瘓了哈馬斯和巴勒斯坦伊斯蘭聖戰組織的火箭陣地、火箭製造廠、彈藥倉庫、軍事情報機構、高級指揮官住所等關鍵設施，摧毀了哈馬斯海上突擊隊多艘自主GPS制導潛艇，擊殺了巴塞姆·伊薩等多名哈馬斯高級指揮官和高級特工。

有資訊揭露，此次應用於戰爭的人工智慧系統，是由一支代號8200的精英小組所開發的演算法系統。由該小組孵化的「煉金術士」「福音」「深度智慧」三個系統，全部被用於這次軍事行動。 「煉金術士」系統可對敵方發動攻擊的企圖進行分析，並透過單兵攜帶的通訊裝置即時預警，而士兵回饋的訊息也會被重新收集並對下一次攻擊作出評估；「福音」系統可產生目標打擊建議，並即時標記目標訊息，指揮人員結合戰場情況可靈活選擇重要目標並實施打擊；「深度智慧」系統透過訊號情報、視覺情報、人員情報、地理情報等情報收集和大數據融合，可精確繪製哈馬斯武裝組織在加薩地帶的地道網絡圖，形成了全面反映衝突區域情景的態勢圖。這些技術的運用，大大提升了以軍的戰場態勢感知能力。以色列國防軍一名高級情報官員表示，這是「AI第一次成為與敵人作戰的關鍵組成部分和戰力放大器」。以色列軍方認為，使用AI帶來了“超認知能力”，甚至直接稱其為“第一場人工智慧戰爭”。

各國為搶佔技術制高點，加緊軍事智慧化戰略佈局

人工智慧被視為第四次工業革命的關鍵性戰略技術，為謀求在新一輪顛覆性技術爭奪中獨佔鰲頭，以美國為首的世界軍事科技強國圍繞軍事智能化加緊戰略佈局，可謂緊鑼密鼓、不遺餘力。

美國企圖依賴人工智慧維持其軍事霸權。自2016年以來，美國防部連續推出《為人工智慧的未來做好準備》《國家人工智慧研究與發展戰略規劃》《國防部人工智慧戰略》等文件，將人工智慧發展提升至國家戰略層面。五角大廈為確立由自己主導的“戰爭規則”，相繼制定了人工智慧技術研發規劃、重點專案設想和技術標準規範等，著力建構研發生產和作戰運用體系。概括起來看，美軍對未來人工智慧發展的佈局大致可分為近、中、遠三個階段。第一階段，2025年前，以無人化、隱身化、遠程化作戰平台為發展重點，建構“全球監視打擊體系”，無人系統成為美軍軍事幹預的主要手段。第二階段，2035年前，以智慧化作戰平台、資訊系統、指揮決策系統為發展重點，初步建成智慧化作戰體系，無人系統將超過有人系統，居於作戰的主導地位。第三階段，2050年前，以強人工智慧、奈米機器人、腦聯網等技術為發展重點，全面實現作戰平台、資訊系統、指揮控制智慧化，推動作戰空間向生物空間、奈米空間、智慧空間拓展，努力尋求智慧化作戰體系進入高階階段。

美軍各軍種也相繼推出並不斷更新其人工智慧發展規劃。地面無人自主系統有《美國地面無人系統路線圖》《美國機器人發展路線圖》等，計畫在2030年實現有人與無人的智慧編隊、協同行動，2040年實現合成兵力機動。空中無人自主系統有專項的無人機發展規劃，長遠目標是形成覆蓋高、中、低空，大、中、小微型，普通與長航時完備的空中無人裝備體系。海上無人自主系統分兩個方向，一個是打造新型水下作戰體系，利用多個無人潛航器組成機動式一體化偵察、偵測、打擊網絡，組成「先進水下無人艦隊」；另一個是加速發展水面無人艦艇，在水面無人艇「人機合作」方面取得突破。此外，美國防部也與工業界、學術界和盟國建立夥伴關係，確保獲得最先進的人工智慧技術支援。

俄羅斯在人工智慧領域也提出了自己的戰略計畫。近年來，俄羅斯總統普丁高度重視人工智慧發展，他提出，無論對俄羅斯或全人類，人工智慧都是未來，誰成為這個領域的領導者，誰就會脫穎而出，進而獲得巨大的競爭優勢，人工智慧關係國家未來。俄總參謀長格拉西莫夫稱，俄軍正透過人工智慧裝備「發展非核手段戰略威懾力量」。俄國國防部長紹伊古則表示，俄軍正加緊進行軍用機器人的研發、列裝工作，戰鬥機器人將投入量產。

早在2014年11月，俄羅斯就通過了2025年前發展作戰機器人計劃，提出2025年機器人系統將佔整個武器和軍事技術系統的30%。 2015年12月，普丁簽署「成立國家機器人技術發展中心」總統令，從戰略層面為人工智慧的發展提供了體制支撐。近幾年，俄羅斯先後推出了《未來俄軍用機器人應用構想》《2030年前人工智慧國家發展戰略》《2021—2025年俄聯邦國防計畫》等戰略規劃，開展了各種複雜作戰環境下的兵棋推演，研究人工智慧對戰略、戰役和戰術等各層面的影響，努力建構多層次相互智能化、相互智能化體系的無個人化作戰。

從中長目標來看，攻擊無人裝備是俄羅斯發展的重點。 2019年，俄羅斯總統普丁在俄聯邦安全會議上提出，未來10年俄軍將大力發展能在戰場上執行任務的戰鬥機器人系統。近期目標，是2025年建造具有一定自主控制能力的多功能戰鬥機器人部隊。根據資料介紹，該部隊將由5種機器人組成，每種機器人都可以獨立劃分為作戰單元，可在無需人工或僅需很少人工幹預下，基本完成戰場作戰任務。目前，俄軍已啟動重型和輕型機器人「突擊」及「戰友」系統的試驗設計工作。有專家分析，戰鬥機器人部隊或將成為俄獨立的、具有全新意義的兵種。

美國拉攏盟友備戰AI戰爭，人工智慧軍備競賽加劇。近年來，美國為維持在人工智慧領域的絕對領先地位，在加緊推進自身人工智慧軍事化建設的同時，也以服務聯盟作戰體系為名，試圖拉攏盟友共同開發聯合操作人工智慧系統。根據美國「防務新聞」網站報道，2020年9月，美聯合人工智慧中心已啟動“防務夥伴關係計畫”，該計畫涵蓋英國、法國、以色列、日本、韓國、澳洲、加拿大、芬蘭、挪威、瑞典等國，旨在開發與上述盟國互聯互通的人工智慧系統，為智能化戰爭聯合作戰奠定基礎。有報導稱，圍繞這個計劃，美國及其盟友的相關國防代表已多次召開會議。美國還聲稱，這個國防合作將向更多感興趣的美國盟友「敞開大門」。

美國的助推，無疑將使全球主要軍事大國間的人工智慧軍備競賽愈演愈烈。在美國眾多盟友中，以色列的人工智慧水準獨領風騷。以色列是世界最大的軍用無人機出口國；擁有世界上第一種可控的自主式無人車——“守護者”，並已裝備部隊；是世界上除美國之外僅有的裝備了無人水面艇的國家，擁有“保護者”“黃貂魚”“海鷗”等多型無人水面艇。

其他大國也加緊佈局人工智慧領域。英國制定了「高校為源、軍民融合」的人工智慧發展路徑，推出了《國家人工智慧戰略》《機器人與人工智慧》戰略規劃。法國制定有《法國人工智慧戰略》《法國人工智慧計畫》，從2018年起逐年增加國防預算，不斷增加人工智慧武器研發投資力道。德國擁有世界上最大的人工智慧研究中心，2018年發布了《人工智慧戰略》，計畫2025年前打造「人工智慧德國製造」品牌。日本先後推出《人工智慧戰略》《新機器人戰略》《科技創新綜合戰略》，成立“革新智慧綜合研究中心”，集中開發人工智慧相關技術。 2021年1月，澳洲國防部發表《打好人工智慧戰爭：未來智慧化戰爭之作戰構想》。這份文件著重探討如何將人工智慧應用到陸、海、空作戰領域。

正如一些專家所言：「智慧科技是一把雙面刃，在推動戰爭形態向智慧化戰爭演變的同時，也帶來一系列全新的戰爭倫理問題和戰爭法困境。」人工智慧將為人類社會帶來哪些變革？這一問題值得深入思考並持續關注。

（作者為光明日報社新聞研究部主任）

【參考文獻】

①吳明曦：《智能化戰爭－AI軍事暢想》，北京：國防工業出版社，2020年1月。

②郭明：《關於智慧化戰爭的基本認知》，《人民論壇‧學術前線》，2021年第10期。

③丁寧、張兵：《世界主要軍事強國的智慧化武器裝備發展》，《軍事文摘》，2019年第1期。

④葛妍、賈珍珍：《軍事變遷下的未來作戰概念與作戰樣式》，《軍事文摘》，2020年第15期。

⑤賀福初：《世界新軍事革命未來走向》，《參考消息》，2017年8月23日。

⑥馬浚洋：《俄製無人智慧武器亮相敘利亞》，《解放軍報》，2019年12月30日。

中國原創軍事資源：https://paper.people.com.cn/rmlt/html/2022-07/01/content_2593935188.htm

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Combat Planning, Command information Systems, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Chinese Military Combat Management System: Core of Modern Combat Command & Control

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中國軍事作戰管理系統：現代作戰指揮控制的核心

現代英語：

Source: China Military Network-People’s Liberation Army Daily Author: Yang Lianzhen Editor-in-charge: Yang Fanfan

2022-04-22 06:42

Combat management is the foundation for winning modern wars and the core of the modern combat system. It is the planning, organization, coordination and control of personnel, equipment, information, resources, time and space and other elements during the combat process.

Combat management system refers to the command information system used to support combat management activities, including intelligence collection, information transmission, target identification, threat assessment, weapon allocation, mission planning, etc. It has gradually developed with the evolution of war and technological progress.

Combat Management System: The Core of Modern Combat System

Schematic diagram of the combat management system

Past and present life

Implementing timely and accurate command and control of combat operations and making timely and decisive combat decisions are the goals and dreams that commanders have always pursued in different war periods. Before the emergence of scientific management, there was no concept of combat management in war, and naturally there was no combat management system. However, simple combat management activities and systems have always been associated with war and developed in an integrated manner.

The core of combat management is to ensure that commanders and troops can exchange information and instructions smoothly. In the ancient combat command system, gongs, drums, and flags were called the “three officials”. “When words cannot be heard, gongs and drums are used; when sight cannot be seen, flags are used.” Sight and hearing are the primitive means of command and control.

After the invention of the telegraph, telephone, and radio, long-distance and rapid transmission of combat orders and combat information became a reality, and the scope of combat management shifted from two-dimensional to three-dimensional. The war decision-making of “planning and winning thousands of miles away” is no longer a myth. Of course, traditional battlefield management methods are not completely ineffective. For example, in the Korean War, due to limited communication conditions, our army still used bugles to transmit combat orders to the company and below, and there were more than 20 types of bugle calls related to combat. “The sound of bugles from all sides rose up,” and the bugles on the Korean battlefield once frightened the US military. Ridgway wrote in his memoirs: “As soon as it sounded, the Chinese Communist Army would rush towards the coalition forces as if it were under a spell. At this time, the coalition forces were always beaten back like a tide.”

At the beginning of the 20th century, the concept of scientific management gradually gained popularity, and the military quickly applied it to combat. The term “combat management” first appeared in the US Air Force, where combat managers provided long-range target indication and voice guidance to fighters based on radar detection. The core combat organization is called the BM/C3 system, namely Battle Management and Command, Control, and Communication. In 1946, the first electronic computer “ENIAC” was successfully developed, and the military began to use computers to store and process various data related to combat. In 1958, the US military built the world’s first semi-automated combat management system-the “Seqi” air defense command and control system, which used computers to realize the automation of part of the information collection, processing, transmission and command decision-making process for the first time. In the same year, the Soviet Army built the “Sky No. 1” semi-automated air defense command and control system. Combat management systems began to appear on the war stage, and human-machine collaborative decision-making gradually became the main form of combat decision-making for commanders. During the “Rolling Thunder” campaign of the Vietnam War, the U.S. military commanded more than 5,000 aircraft to dispatch 1.29 million sorties and dropped 7.75 million tons of bombs, which would have been impossible to achieve by manual command alone.

The combat management system has gone through weapon-centered, platform-centered, network-centered, and system-centered construction stages, and has gradually been able to receive and process information from sensors and other sources in multiple domains, perceive and generate combat situation maps in real time, automatically implement command and control of troops and equipment, and intelligently assist commanders in making decisions, involving the army, navy, air force and other military services.

For example, the Israeli Army’s “Ruler” combat management system uses a single-soldier digital device to connect to a channel state information device to provide real-time situational awareness and command and control information for troops performing tactical operations and fire support. The U.S. Navy’s “Aegis” combat system uses a multi-task signal processor to integrate air defense and anti-missile capabilities, and realizes the integration of shipborne phased array radars, command decisions, and weapon control. The NATO Air Force’s ACCSLOC1 system, based on network distributed deployment, integrates 40 types of radars and more than 3,000 physical interfaces, and undertakes air operations such as mission planning, combat command, and combat supervision. From the launch of the first Gulf War to the Libyan War, the time from sensor information acquisition to firing by the U.S. military has been shortened from 24 hours to 2.5 minutes.

Features

The combat management system is a rapidly developing and constantly improving distributed operating system. It mainly collects and processes sensor data, facilitates the transmission and integration of various types of information, conducts situation identification and prediction, generates combat plans, completes action evaluation and selection, and issues combat orders to weapon platforms and shooters. Its essence is to achieve an efficient combat “observation-judgment-decision-action” cycle (OODA loop).

The combat management system widely uses situation assessment and prediction, combat space-time analysis, online real-time planning, combat resource management and control, and combat management engine technologies, and adopts a “cloud + network + terminal” technical architecture based on information technology.

For example, the U.S. military took the lead in using information technology to build a C4ISR system that integrates command, control, computers, communications, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, laying the foundation for the combat management system. In the Afghanistan War, the C4ISR system achieved near-real-time transmission of combat information to combat platforms for the first time. With the continuous maturity of sensors, networks and artificial intelligence, technologies such as intelligent situation understanding and prediction, intelligent information push, intelligent task planning, intelligent collaborative control, intelligent rapid reconstruction and intelligent parallel command and control are having an increasingly significant impact on combat management systems.

Combat management systems usually support functions such as situational awareness, mission planning, engagement management, communications, modeling, simulation and analysis, and test training. For example, a missile defense combat management system mainly includes command and control, engagement management, and communications. The command and control function enables pre-battle combat planning and battlefield situation awareness; the engagement management function enables auxiliary combat decision-making, allocation of anti-missile weapons, and completion of strike missions; and the communication function enables the transmission and sharing of intelligence and data among the anti-missile units in the system.

The combat management system is an open and complex system. The structure determines the function. Different system structures determine the functional expansion of different systems: the ship’s self-defense combat management system enables the ship to have a strong self-defense capability through automated weapon control regulations, collaborative engagement management systems and tactical data links; the electromagnetic combat management system improves the planning, sharing and mobility of the electromagnetic spectrum by integrating and displaying battlefield electromagnetic spectrum data; the individual combat system enhances the soldier’s mobility, support, lethality and survivability by integrating individual protection, individual combat weapons and individual communication equipment.

Combat management systems generally have the characteristics of integration, automation, optimization, and real-time. The combat mode of modern warfare is complex and the battlefield scale is expanding. The requirements for force control, resource integration, and task scheduling have increased, and system integration must be achieved. The French Army’s “Scorpion” system fully integrates tanks, armored vehicles, infantry fighting vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles, drones, and attack helicopters into the same combat group, and links all platforms and combat units in the task group.

With the increase of combat elements in modern warfare and the expansion of battlefield perception space, the command automation system that relies heavily on people can no longer fully adapt, and the system must be automated. All operating functions of Pakistan’s combat management artillery control system are fully automated, “providing an automated solution for preparing, coordinating, transmitting, executing and modifying fire support plans and firing plans.”

The pace of modern warfare is accelerating and battlefield data is massive. It is necessary to quickly grasp the situation and make decisions efficiently, and it is necessary to achieve system optimization decision-making. Military powers are combining artificial intelligence, cloud computing, the Internet of Things and big data technologies to facilitate faster decision-making in multi-domain operations.

Future Development

Traditional combat management systems place more emphasis on pre-established engagement sequences and combat rules. However, future wars will emphasize the confrontation between systems, and it is impossible to exhaust all situations in advance. The battlefield information that needs to be mastered is also becoming more complex and massive. For this reason, the armies of various countries have begun to abandon the traditional method of developing combat management systems for each combat domain separately, and are network-centric and supported by artificial intelligence, trying to help commanders make combat decisions more quickly and realize real-time connection between sensors in each combat domain and any shooter.

The combat management system will promote the implementation of combat concepts. The “Advanced Combat Management System” developed by the US Air Force plans to connect all military services and their weapon platforms in real time in a military Internet of Things. Its core is to seamlessly link various intelligence reconnaissance platforms, command and control platforms, strike platforms and combat management platforms with various cross-domain capabilities, convert intelligence and target indication data into timely and usable information, shorten the “discovery-positioning-tracking-targeting-strike-assessment” cycle, and execute combat operations at a speed that opponents cannot keep up. The Russian military proposed the “military unified information space” theory and organized the development of the “automatic control system” for integrated joint operations of land, sea and air networks. By establishing a network-centric command model, it attempts to integrate the command, communication, reconnaissance, firepower, and support of the entire army, realize cross-domain operations in the true sense, and improve battlefield situation awareness and combat command efficiency.

The combat management system will rely on artificial intelligence technology. The application of artificial intelligence will not only multiply the capabilities of weapon systems, but will also fundamentally change the implementation of the OODA loop. In future combat management systems, artificial intelligence technology will become the core support and driving engine, and the key factor is the quality of the algorithm. The system will have built-in upgradeable artificial intelligence, and people will be in a supervisory or collaborative state to minimize manual input, spontaneously identify and classify threat targets in the combat environment, autonomously evaluate and weigh, and automatically allocate weapons, thereby providing adaptive combat advantages and decision-making options.

For example, the “Intelligent Autonomous Systems Strategy” released by the US Navy in July 2021 aims to accelerate the development and deployment of intelligent platforms through a highly distributed command and control architecture, integrate unmanned systems, artificial intelligence, and autonomous driving technologies, and realize future combat decisions facilitated by intelligent autonomous systems. The Russian military has more than 150 artificial intelligence projects under development, one of the focuses of which is to introduce artificial intelligence into command and control systems, adapt intelligent software to different weapon platforms, achieve the unification of physical and cognitive domains, and double combat effectiveness through intelligent empowerment.

The combat management system will achieve a breakthrough in cross-domain capabilities. The military’s combat management capabilities are shifting towards full-domain coordination, including land, sea, air, space, electricity, network, cognitive domain, and social domain. To adapt to the full-domain environment, the combat management system needs to have the following functions: a resilient and redundant communication system, flexible and secure data operation; artificial intelligence and machine learning directly extract and process data from sensors, and conduct decentralized integration and sharing; segmented access based on confidentiality levels to meet perception, understanding, and action needs. On this basis, it is also necessary to provide troops with reconnaissance and surveillance, tactical communications, data processing, network command and control, and other capabilities.

The future combat management system will focus on security processing, connectivity, data management, application, sensor integration and effect integration, optimize data sharing, collaborative operations and command and control in the entire combat domain, and support decision-making advantages from the tactical level to the strategic level. Its purpose is only one: to give commanders the ability to surpass their opponents.

(The author is the deputy director and professor of the Training Management Department of the Armed Police Command Academy)

現代國語：

作戰管理，是打贏現代化戰爭的基礎，是現代化作戰體系的核心，也是作戰過程中對人員、裝備、資訊、資源和時空等要素進行的規劃、組織、協調與控制活動。

作戰管理系統，指用來支撐作戰管理活動的指揮資訊系統，包括情報採集、資訊傳輸、目標識別、威脅判斷、分配武器、任務規劃等。其隨戰爭演化、技術進步而逐步發展。

作戰管理系統：現代化作戰體系核心

■楊蓮珍

作戰管理系統示意圖

前世今生

對作戰行動實施適時精確的指揮控制和作出及時果斷的作戰決策，是不同戰爭時期指揮員始終追求的目標與夢想。在科學管理產生前，戰爭中並無作戰管理這一概念，自然談不上作戰管理系統。但樸素的作戰管理活動和系統一直與戰爭相伴、融合發展。

作戰管理的核心是保證指揮員與部隊能順暢地交換資訊和指示。在古代作戰指揮號令系統中，金、鼓、旗號稱為“三官”，“言不相聞，故為之金鼓；視不相見，故為之旌旗”，目視耳聽是原始的指揮控製手段。

電報、電話、無線電發明後，作戰命令和戰鬥訊息的遠距離快速傳輸成為現實，作戰管理範圍由平面走向立體，「運籌帷幄、決勝千裡」的戰爭決策不再是神話。當然，傳統的戰場管理手段並非完全失去作用，例如在抗美援朝戰場上，我軍因通信條件受限，連以下分隊仍在通過軍號傳遞作戰命令，與作戰相關的號聲就有20餘種。 “四面邊聲連角起”，朝鮮戰場上的軍號曾讓美軍聞風喪膽。李奇微在回憶錄裡寫道：“只要它一響，中共軍隊就如著了魔法一般，全部不要命地撲向聯軍。這時，聯軍總被打得如潮水般潰退。”

20世紀初，科學管理的概念逐漸升溫，軍隊迅速將其應用於作戰。 「作戰管理」一詞，最早出現在美國空軍，其編成內的作戰管理員，基於雷達探測情況向戰機進行遠程目標指示和話音引導。作戰核心組織則稱為BM/C3系統，即作戰管理(Battle Management)和指揮、控制、通訊(Command，Control，Communication)。 1946年，第一台電子計算機「埃尼阿克」研製成功，軍隊開始使用計算機存儲和處理有關作戰的各種數據。 1958年，美軍建成世界上第一個半自動化作戰管理系統－「賽其」防空指揮控制系統，使用電腦首次實現了資訊擷取、處理、傳輸和指揮決策過程部分作業的自動化。同年，蘇軍建成「天空1號」半自動化防空指揮控制系統。作戰管理系統開始登上戰爭舞台，人機協作決策逐漸成為指揮主要的作戰決策形式。越戰中的「滾雷」戰役，美軍指揮5,000多架飛機出動129萬架次，投彈775萬噸，如果單靠人工指揮是不可能實現的。

作戰管理系統經歷了以武器為中心、以平台為中心、以網絡為中心和以體係為中心的建設階段，逐步能夠接收、處理來自多域的傳感器和其他來源信息，實時感知並生成作戰態勢圖，自動對兵力及裝備實施指揮控制，智能輔助指揮員決策，涉及陸、海、空等軍兵種。

如以色列陸軍的「統治者」作戰管理系統，單兵數字化裝置連接通道狀態資訊設備，用於為執行戰術作戰、火力支援等部隊提供即時態勢感知和指揮控制資訊。美國海軍的「宙斯盾」作戰系統，採用多任務訊號處理器整合防空與反導能力，實現艦載相控陣雷達、指揮決策、武器控制等一體化整合。北約空軍的ACCSLOC1系統，基於網路分散部署，整合40種型號的雷達和3000多個物理接口，承擔任務規劃、作戰指揮和戰鬥監督等空中行動。從發動第一次海灣戰爭到利比亞戰爭，美軍從傳感器獲取資訊到開火，時間由24小時縮短至2.5分鐘。

功能特徵

作戰管理系統是一個迅速發展並不斷完善的分散式操作系統，主要通過收集、處理傳感器數據，暢通各類信息傳輸和融合，進行態勢識別和預測，生成作戰方案，完成行動評估與選擇，下發作戰指令給武器平台和射手。其本質是實現高效率的作戰「觀察-判斷-決策-行動」循環（OODA環）。

作戰管理系統廣泛使用態勢評估與預測、作戰時空分析、線上即時規劃、作戰資源管控和作戰管理引擎技術等，採用基於資訊技術的「雲+網+端」的技術架構。

如美軍率先運用資訊技術，建構了集指揮、控制、計算機、通訊、情報、監視和偵察於一體的C4ISR系統，為作戰管理系統打下了基礎。阿富汗戰爭中，C4ISR系統首次實現作戰資訊近實時傳輸到作戰平台。隨著傳感器、網絡和人工智慧的不斷成熟，智能態勢理解和預測、智慧資訊推送、智慧任務規劃、智慧協同控制、智慧快速重構和智慧平行指控等技術，正在對作戰管理系統產生越來越重大的影響。

作戰管理系統通常支援態勢感知、任務規劃、交戰管理、通訊、建模及模擬與分析、試驗訓練等功能。如導彈防禦作戰管理系統，主要包括指揮控制、交戰管理及通訊等功能構成。指揮控制功能，實現對戰前的作戰規劃及對戰場態勢的感知；交戰管理功能，實現輔助作戰決策和分配反導武器並完成打擊任務；通信功能，實現系統各反導單元情報、數據的傳輸和共享。

作戰管理系統是一個開放的複雜系統。結構決定功能，不同的系統結構，決定不同系統的功能拓展：艦艇自防禦作戰管理系統通過自動化武器控制條令、協同交戰管理系統和戰術數據鍊等，使艦艇具備了強大的自防禦能力；電磁作戰管理系統通過融合並顯示戰場電磁頻譜數據，提高電磁戰兵器規劃能力、共享電磁力和單兵作戰力量；

作戰管理系統普遍具有一體化、自動化、最優化、即時化等特徵。現代戰爭作戰模式複雜、戰場規模擴大，對力量管控、資源整合和任務調度要求的提高，必須實現系統一體化整合。法國陸軍的「蝎子」系統，就將坦克、裝甲車、步兵戰車、無人地面車輛、無人機與攻擊直升機完整整合到同一個作戰群，並連結任務群中的所有平台和作戰單元。

現代戰爭作戰要素增加、戰場感知空間擴大，對人依賴較高的指揮自動化系統已無法完全適應，必須實現系統自動化運作。巴基斯坦作戰管理火砲控制系統所有操作功能全部自動化，「為準備、協調、傳遞、執行和修改火力支援計畫與射擊方案提供了自動化解決方案」。

現代戰爭作戰節奏加快、戰場數據海量，需要快速掌握狀況、有效率定下決心，必須實現系統最優化決策。各軍事強國正將人工智慧、雲端運算、物聯網與大數據技術結合起來，以利在多域作戰中更快決策。

未來發展

傳統作戰管理系統，更強調基於事先制定的交戰序列、作戰規則。但未來戰爭更突出體係與體系之間的對抗，不可能預先窮盡各種情況，需要掌握的戰場資訊也更趨複雜、海量。為此，各國軍隊開始摒棄傳統上為各作戰域單獨開發作戰管理系統的方法，以網絡為中心、以人工智能為支撐，力圖幫助指揮員更迅速作出作戰決策，實現各作戰域的傳感器與任意射手的實時連接。

作戰管理系統將推動作戰概念落地。美國空軍開發的“先進作戰管理系統”，規劃將各軍種及其武器平台實時連接在一個軍事物聯網中，其核心是將各類情報偵察平台、指揮控制平台、打擊平台和作戰管理平台與各種跨域能力無縫鏈接，把情報和目標指示數據轉化為及時、可用的信息，縮短“發現-定位-跟踪-瞄準-打擊-評估”速度，以執行對手的速度執行。俄羅斯軍隊提出“軍隊統一資訊空間”理論，組織開發陸海空網絡一體化聯合作戰“自動控制系統”，通過建立網絡中心指揮模式，試圖將全軍指揮、通信、偵察、火力、保障等進行融合，實現真正意義上的跨域作戰，提升戰場態勢感知能力與作戰指揮效率。

作戰管理系統將依賴人工智慧技術。人工智慧的應用不僅引起武器系統能力的倍增，也將從根本上改變OODA環的實現。未來的作戰管理系統，人工智慧技術將成為核心支撐和驅動引擎，關鍵因素是演算法的品質。系統將內置可升級的人工智慧，人們將處於監督或協同狀態的位置，最大限度地減少人工輸入，對作戰環境中的威脅目標進行自發識別分類、自主評估權衡和自動分配武器，從而提供自適應的作戰優勢和決策可選性。

如2021年7月美海軍發布的“智能自主系統戰略”，旨在通過高度分佈式的指揮和控制架構，加速智能平台的開發和部署，綜合無人系統、人工智能和自動駕駛等技術，實現由智能自主系統促成的未來作戰決策。俄軍在研的人工智慧項目超過150個，其重點之一是將人工智慧引入指揮控制系統，為不同武器平台適配智慧軟件，實現物理域與認知域的統一，以智慧賦能的方式實現戰鬥力倍增。

作戰管理系統將實現跨域能力突破。軍隊作戰管理能力正向陸、海、空、天、電、網和認知域、社會域等全域協同轉變。適應全局環境，作戰管理系統需要具備以下功能：有彈性和冗餘的通信系統，靈活安全的數據運行；人工智能和機器學習直接從傳感器中提取、處理數據，並進行去中心化集成、共享；根據保密級別分段訪問，滿足感知、理解和行動需要。在此基礎上，還需具備向部隊提供偵察監視、戰術通訊、數據處理、網路指控等能力。

未來的作戰管理系統，將聚焦安全處理、連通性、數據管理、應用、傳感器整合和效果整合等能力，優化全作戰域的數據共享、協同作戰和指揮控制，支援從戰術級到戰略級的決策優勢。其目的只有一個：賦予指揮員超越對手的能力。

（作者係武警指揮學院訓練管理系副主任、教授）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/10149663888.html

#Artificial #Intelligence, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese Military Future Wars, Command information Systems, Dissipative Warfare, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, 認知戰

Operational Window: Chinese Military New Perspectives for Implementing Cross-Domain Collaborative Operations

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作戰窗口：中國軍隊實施跨域協同作戰的新視角

現代英語：

The combat window refers to the time and space range that is chosen to stimulate the effectiveness of the system’s combat cycle and is conducive to the joint combat force’s implementation of cross-domain coordinated operations. The concept of combat window comes from fighter jets. It is an innovative development of the theory of joint combat command under the new situation. It will be more widely used than fighter jets in combat command activities. Whether the selection of fighter jets in the confrontation of the joint combat force system can be regarded as a form of “combat window” directly affects the commander’s vision. In the complex and changeable information battlefield environment, the combat window has gradually become a new basis for the joint combat force to implement cross-domain coordinated operations, which is of great significance for seizing the initiative on the battlefield and shaping a favorable situation.

Constructing a combat window to highlight the comprehensiveness of cross-domain collaborative combat preparations

The theater joint command should closely follow the combat missions, opponents, and environment, firmly grasp the strategic and campaign initiative, strengthen the pre-positioning of joint combat resources, actively optimize the battlefield environment, and create conditions for establishing combat windows.

Carry out careful and continuous joint reconnaissance around the operational window. The time and space scope of the operational window includes the time interval and the strike area for attacking enemy targets. Among them, the strike area is generally centered on the strike target, which refers to a relatively closed space that can regulate the system combat forces to maintain comprehensive control over the local battlefield and is suitable for attacking enemy node targets. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of operations in the operational window area, its periphery can be divided into warning patrol areas, interception and annihilation areas, and defensive combat areas to provide support and guarantee for it. The joint command agency should focus on the reporting needs of priority intelligence and warning information in the operational window, and comprehensively use the reconnaissance and early warning forces and means of various services to implement careful, continuous and focused joint reconnaissance to obtain intelligence and warning information in the operational window area and its peripheral areas. If necessary, strategic reconnaissance and early warning forces can be coordinated to provide intelligence support, eliminate reconnaissance and early warning blind spots in the time and space of the operational window, and ensure that the flow of intelligence and warning information from acquisition to use is efficient and stable.

Predict the combat window and timely adjust the cycle plan of the combat readiness training of the task force. The scale and intensity of the high alert state maintained by the task forces of various services and arms greatly restricts the time and space scope of the combat window. Periodically maintaining a high state of alert requires the task forces of various services and arms to manage and operate in accordance with the state of war, which is an important indicator of the combat effectiveness of the task force. At present, the task force should carry out daily management and training in accordance with the three states of combat readiness, training, and preparation. The purpose is to ensure that a considerable number of combat-capable forces can carry out combat window tasks at any time and continuously improve their actual combat level. Non-combat-capable forces should coordinate resources and concentrate on training to generate system combat capabilities. The preparation period is in the interval between combat readiness training. The combat personnel should be flexibly organized to rest, repair equipment and conduct necessary training to create conditions for transitioning to the training cycle or combat readiness cycle. By predicting the combat window, the theater joint command timely adjusts the cycle plan of combat readiness training for large-scale task forces, so that they are rhythmically and regularly in a high state of alert, providing a force basis for implementing window operations.

Focus on the operational window and roll out the linkage operation of cross-domain collaborative combat plans. Since the operational window is often fleeting, the completeness of the cross-domain collaborative combat plans of various services and arms formulated around the operational window may be greatly reduced. Therefore, the theater joint command should gather the collective wisdom of commanders and their command organs, rely on the command information system, and roll out the formulation of cross-domain collaborative combat plans through systematic, procedural, and professional fast command linkage operations. Command linkage operations involve linkage operations of superior and subordinate command agencies, linkage operations of the entire process of reconnaissance, control, attack, protection, and evaluation, and human-machine interaction linkage operations. The implementation of command linkage operations should unify operational intentions, focus on operational windows, use the command operation platform for situation sharing, carry out parallel operations in a coordinated manner, conduct periodic operational planning, conduct situation analysis at any time, follow up on operational concepts, enhance the credibility of simulation and evaluation, and simultaneously formulate and improve cross-domain collaborative combat plans. The implementation of linkage operations helps to shorten the formulation time of cross-domain collaborative combat plans, improve the feasibility of plans, and seize the opportunity of operational windows as soon as possible.

Applying combat windows to highlight the effectiveness of cross-domain collaborative combat system confrontation

The theater joint command should make decisive decisions to launch operations based on careful planning and comprehensive preparation in response to different combat objectives and tasks, different attributes of combat opponents, and different combat types and styles, and quickly seize the initiative on the battlefield in the combat window.

Superimpose the effectiveness of the combat system. The task forces of various services and arms work closely together within the time and space of the combat window, work together as a whole, and focus on combat tasks to form a system combat effect. At present, with the rapid development of military science and technology and the continuous adjustment and optimization of new combat forces, precision, automation, intelligence, and unmanned weapons and equipment are being used more and more widely. Within a specific combat window, almost every service and arms has more or less the means to accurately strike enemy targets in multiple domains over long distances. Even land-based task forces have the ability to accurately strike enemy targets at long distances and the ability to project troops near the coast, which enables the task forces of various services and arms to carry out compound strikes within the combat window, becoming the preferred method for joint operations to strike enemy targets. Compared with a single service and arms, compound strikes of multiple services and arms will produce more powerful, more accurate, more stable, and faster compound strike effectiveness. The compound strike effectiveness of the task forces of various services and arms focuses on combat targets within the combat window, which will cause the value of cross-domain collaborative combat effectiveness to increase sharply, and the superimposed effect will be more obvious.

Converge combat support resources. Combat support resources are material factors that affect the selection and application of combat windows, involving many resources such as reconnaissance and intelligence support, information support, and rear-end support. Implementing converged support and support for the theater in wartime is the key to applying the combat window. The combat support of friendly theaters will enable the task force to maintain a high level of combat readiness, and commanders will have more combat options; the aerospace information support and network combat support provided by the strategic support force will be an important support in the field of joint reconnaissance and intelligence, and information operations; and the joint logistics support force is the main force for implementing joint logistics support and strategic and campaign support, and the volatility of the combat capability of the theater task force is largely restricted by this. In this regard, by clarifying the mission and tasks, command authority, institutional mechanisms, and laws and regulations of the combat support force, we will actively gather combat support resources around the combat window, implement integrated, comprehensive and efficient support, and greatly improve the system effectiveness of cross-domain collaborative operations.

Regulate the operational fluctuation cycle. The joint command command command of the task forces of various services and arms to carry out strike operations against enemy targets. Before the operation, it is necessary to convert the combat readiness level, conduct coordinated exercises, and deploy to the standby area. Even if the task force is faster in preparation for strikes, more skilled in strike methods, and more optimized in strike processes, it needs to be completed within the corresponding time period. At the same time, commanders and combatants will be affected by combat fatigue, resulting in a significant reduction in command decision-making efficiency and strike effectiveness, which greatly restricts the extension of combat duration and makes the fluctuation cycle of the combat capability of the task force more obvious. After the strike operation, the replenishment and rest of combat personnel, the maintenance and repair of weapons and equipment, and the summary and review of combat experience and lessons all require an adjustment cycle. Commanders need to timely regulate the fluctuation cycle of the task force’s strike capability according to the different combat methods and weapon and equipment damage mechanisms of various services and arms, clarify the combat threshold of the task force, and minimize the interference of combat fluctuations as much as possible, thereby greatly improving the cross-domain collaborative combat capability.

Maintain the operational window and highlight the stability of battlefield control in cross-domain collaborative operations

The theater joint command should strictly control the scale and intensity of window operations, strengthen joint management and control, strictly control combat costs, improve combat effectiveness, actively create a favorable battlefield situation, avoid combat passivity, and prevent window operations from expanding into full-scale operations.

Strengthen battlefield linkage control. Battlefield control by various services plays an important role in shaping a stable combat situation, strengthening multi-domain space control, and maintaining combat windows. Strengthen the control of cross-domain collaborative combat battlefield space, including battlefield spaces such as land, sea, air, space, and network, as well as electromagnetic spectrum and time-space reference battlefield space. Among them, the battlefield control area is mainly divided into combat window areas, strategic support areas, alert isolation areas, frontier warning areas, and friendly support areas in various fields. Under the unified command and control of commanders and command agencies, the task forces of various services and arms clarify the primary and secondary relationships of cross-domain collaborative control, clarify control rules, mechanisms and disciplines, adopt a variety of control methods, and comprehensively use command information systems and other advanced technical means to vigorously strengthen the timeliness and accuracy of battlefield linkage control.

Comprehensively evaluate the combat effectiveness. The command organization should closely follow the formulation process of the cross-domain collaborative combat plan of the combat window, closely follow the collaborative control instructions, closely follow the collaborative actions of the task force, and closely follow the actual collaborative support, and implement rapid, efficient, and continuous performance and effectiveness evaluation during the window operation. Focusing on the achievement of combat objectives, adapting to the characteristics of window operations with full-domain linkage, comprehensively using a variety of combat evaluation tools and means, integrating system evaluation algorithms, data and capabilities, optimizing the evaluation system dominated by combat effectiveness, process management, information support, and human-in-the-loop, forming an evaluation model that matches combat orders, actions, and effects, and combines combat performance with effectiveness indicator judgment, thereby improving the accuracy and timeliness of combat window effect evaluation.

Actively shape the new battlefield situation. After continuous preparations for military struggle against the enemy, interactive deterrence and control, and limited strikes within the combat window, the state and situation formed by the enemy and us in terms of combat force comparison, deployment and action are relatively stable, thus forming a battlefield situation under the new situation, and its development trend is also predictable and expected. Commanders and their command organs continue to have a deep understanding of the characteristics and laws of the enemy situation, our situation and battlefield environment in this strategic direction, and have a clear understanding of the basic outline of the future struggle situation. They can clarify future combat objectives and measures, and their confidence in winning will gradually increase, creating conditions for determining the next round of combat windows.

現代國語：

劉 陽 李志華

引言

作戰窗口，是指為激發體係作戰週期效能而選擇的有利於聯合作戰力量實施跨域協同作戰的時空範圍。作戰窗口概念來自戰機，是戰機在新局勢下聯合作戰指揮理論的創新發展，在作戰指揮活動中將比戰機應用更廣泛。能否將聯合作戰力量體系對抗中戰機的選擇看作「作戰窗口」的形式，直接影響了指揮的眼界。在複雜多變的資訊化戰場環境下，作戰窗口逐漸成為聯合作戰力量實施跨域協同作戰的新基點，對奪取戰場主動，塑造有利態勢，具有重要意義。

構設作戰窗口，突顯跨域協同作戰準備的全面性

戰區聯指應緊貼作戰任務、戰鬥對手、作戰環境,牢牢掌握戰略戰役主動權，加強聯合作戰資源預設，積極優化戰場環境，為構設作戰窗口創造條件。

圍繞作戰窗口實施周密持續的聯合偵察。作戰窗口的時空範圍包括打擊敵目標的時間區間與打擊地幅。其中，打擊地幅一般以打擊目標為中心，指能調控體係作戰力量持續維持局部戰場綜合控制權、適合打擊敵節點目標的相對密閉空間。為確保在作戰窗口區順利實施作戰，其外圍可區分為警戒巡邏區、攔截阻殲區與防禦作戰區等為其提供支撐保障。聯指機關應圍繞作戰窗口優先情報告警信息的提報需求，綜合運用諸軍兵種偵察預警力量和手段，為獲取作戰窗口區及其外圍區域的情報告警信息實施周密持續有重點的聯合偵察。必要時可協調戰略偵察預警力量提供情報支援，消除作戰窗口時空的偵察預警盲區，確保情報告警信息從獲取至運用的流轉過程高效穩定。

預測作戰窗口及時調整任務部隊戰備訓練的週期計畫。諸軍兵種任務部隊保持高度戒備狀態的規模強度極大限製作戰窗口的時空範圍。週期性保持高度戒備狀態，要求諸軍兵種任務部隊依照臨戰狀態進行管理運作，是體現任務部隊戰鬥力高低的重要標誌。當前任務部隊應依照戰備、訓練、整備三種狀態進行日常管理和訓練，目的是確保相當規模的能戰兵力可隨時遂行作戰窗口任務並不斷提高實行水平，非能戰兵力應統籌資源集中精力進行系統作戰能力的生成訓練。整備期則處於戰備訓練間隙，應機動靈活組織作戰人員休息、裝備維修和必要訓練，為轉入訓練週期或戰備週期創造條件。戰區聯指透過預測作戰窗口，及時調整較大規模任務部隊戰備訓練的周期計劃，使其有節奏、規律地處於高度戒備狀態，為實施窗口作戰提供力量基礎。

聚焦作戰視窗滾動組織跨域協同作戰方案計畫的聯動作業。由於作戰窗口往往稍縱即逝，圍繞作戰窗口應急制定的諸軍兵種跨域協同作戰方案計劃的完備性可能會大打折扣。因此戰區聯指應凝聚指揮員及其指揮機關的集體智慧，依靠指揮資訊系統，透過體系化、程序化、專業化的快速指揮聯動作業，滾動組織擬制跨域協同作戰方案計劃。指揮聯動作業涉及上下級指揮機構聯動作業、偵控打保評全流程聯動作業及人機交互聯動作業等。實施指揮聯動作業應統一作戰意圖，聚焦作戰窗口，利用態勢共享的指揮作業平台，聯動展開平行作業，進行週期性的作戰規劃，隨時開展研判態勢，跟進提出作戰構想，增強推演評估的可信度，同步擬制並日臻完善跨域協同作戰的方案計劃。實施聯動作業有助於縮短跨域協同作戰方案計畫的製定時間，提高方案計畫的可行性，儘早掌握作戰窗口的先機。

應用作戰窗口，突顯跨域協同作戰體系對抗的效能性

戰區聯指應針對不同作戰目的任務，不同作戰對手屬性，不同作戰類型樣式，在精心籌劃和全面準備的基礎上，果斷決策發起作戰，迅速奪取作戰窗口的戰場主動權。

疊加作戰體系效能。諸軍兵種任務部隊在作戰窗口時空範圍內密切協同，整體聯動，聚焦作戰任務形成體係作戰效果。目前隨著軍事科技的快速發展與新銳作戰力量不斷調整優化，精確化、自動化、智慧化、無人化的武器裝備應用越來越廣泛，在特定的作戰窗口範圍內，幾乎每個軍兵種都或多或少地具備遠程多域精確打擊敵目標的手段。即使是陸戰型任務部隊，也具備較遠距離的精確遠火打擊能力與近海兵力投送能力，這就使得諸軍兵種任務部隊在作戰窗口內實施複合打擊，成為聯合作戰打擊敵目標的首選方式。多軍兵種複合打擊與單一軍兵種相比，將會產生更猛、更準、更穩、更快的複合打擊效能。諸軍兵種任務部隊的複合打擊效能在作戰窗口範圍內聚焦作戰目標，將促使跨域協同作戰效能的量值陡增，疊加效果更加顯現。

匯聚作戰保障資源。作戰保障資源是影響作戰窗口選擇應用的物質因素，涉及偵察情報保障、資訊保障與後裝保障等諸多資源。戰時對本戰區實施匯聚式支援保障是應用作戰窗口的關鍵。友鄰戰區的作戰支援將使任務部隊保持較高的戰備水平，指揮官將具有更多的作戰選擇性；戰略支援部隊提供的航天資訊支援、網路作戰支援將是聯合偵察情報、資訊作戰領域的重要支撐；而聯勤保障部隊是實施聯勤保障和戰略戰役支援保障的主要力量，戰區任務部隊作戰能力的波動性很大程度上受此制約。對此，透過明確作戰保障力量的使命任務、指揮權限、體制機制與法規制度等約束激勵手段，主動圍繞作戰窗口匯聚作戰保障資源，實施一體化綜合高效保障，大力提升跨域協同作戰的體系效能。

調控作戰波動週期。聯指機關指揮諸軍兵種任務部隊對敵目標實施打擊行動，其行動前需進行戰備等級轉換、協同演練與機動展開至待機地域等。即使任務部隊打擊準備速度再快，打擊方法再熟練，打擊流程再優化，也需要在相應的時間週期內完成。同時指揮與戰鬥人員會受到作戰疲勞的影響，造成指揮決策效率、打擊效能大幅降低，極大限製作戰持續時間的延長，使得任務部隊作戰能力的波動週期更加明顯。而打擊行動結束後，作戰人員的補充休整，武器裝備的保養修理，作戰經驗教訓的總結檢討，均需要一個調整週期。指揮員需根據諸軍兵種作戰方式與武器裝備毀傷機理的不同，及時調控任務部隊打擊能力的變化波動週期，明確任務部隊的能戰閾值，盡可能減少作戰波動幹擾，從而大幅提升跨域協同作戰能力。

維持作戰窗口，突顯跨域協同作戰戰場管控的穩定性

戰區聯指應嚴格控制窗口作戰的規模強度，加強連動管控，嚴控作戰成本，提升作戰效益，積極塑造有利戰場態勢，避免作戰被動，防止將窗口作戰擴大成全面作戰。

加強戰場聯動管控。諸軍兵種戰場管控對塑造穩定的作戰態勢，加強多域空間管制，維持作戰窗口有重要作用。加強跨域協同作戰戰場空間的管控，包括陸地、海洋、空中、太空、網路等戰場空間，以及電磁頻譜與時空基準戰場空間等。其中，戰場管控區域重點劃分為各領域的作戰窗口區、戰略支撐區、警戒隔離區、前沿預警區以及友鄰支援區等，諸軍兵種任務部隊在指揮員及指揮機關的統一指揮控制下，釐清跨域協同管控的主次關係，明確管控規則、機製與紀律，採用多種管控方法，綜合用級管控法

全面評估作戰效果。指揮機構應緊貼作戰窗口跨域協同作戰方案計畫的製定流程，緊貼協同控制指令，緊貼任務部隊協同動作，緊貼協同保障實際，在窗口作戰過程中實施快速、高效、持續的績效與效力評估。圍繞作戰目的的達成，適應全局聯動的窗口作戰特點，綜合運用多種作戰評估工具和手段，集成系統評估的算法、數據與能力於一體，優化作戰效益主導、流程管理、資訊支撐、人在迴路的評估體系，形成作戰命令、行動、效果的相互匹配，績效與效力時效力時相互結合的評估模式，從而提高作戰後效性指標的準確性和時效性指標的準確性和效能性指標。從而提高作戰時效性指標。

主動塑造戰場新態。經過平時持續對敵軍事鬥爭準備、互動懾控以及作戰窗口內有限的打擊較量後，敵我雙方在作戰力量對比、部署和行動等方面形成的狀態和形勢表現相對穩定，從而形成塑造了新形勢下的戰場態勢，其發展趨勢也顯得可預測、可期望。指揮者及其指揮機關對本戰略方向的敵情、我情與戰場環境的特點規律不斷深度掌握，對未來鬥爭形勢的基本輪廓走向就有了清晰認識，就能明確今後的作戰目標舉措，打贏自信也會逐步增強，為確定下一輪的作戰窗口創造了條件。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2018-12/06/content_222435888.htm

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How Can Chinese Military Research Institutes Achieve “accelerated” Innovation in National Defense Science and Technology?

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中國軍事科學研究院所如何實現國防科技創新「加速」?

現代英語：

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution is accelerating, and emerging fields such as space and the Internet will become the focus of future competition. The rapid development of science and technology, the ever-changing weapons and equipment and combat methods have put forward new requirements for military research institutes to conduct full-domain battlefield research.

Standing at the forefront of the times, how can military research institutes promote the implementation of the national defense science and technology innovation strategy and transform scientific research results into real combat effectiveness? How can we achieve the transition from “squatting to running” to “jumping” in scientific and technological innovation and achieve “acceleration” in scientific and technological innovation? Please read the news investigation brought by the PLA Daily reporter from the National Defense Engineering Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences.

Defense Science and Technology Innovation: Forging a Powerful Engine to Enhance National Defense Strength

■China National Defense News reporter Pan Di and special correspondent Zhao Jie

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution is accelerating, and emerging fields such as space and the Internet will become the focus of future competition. The rapid development of science and technology, the ever-changing weapons and equipment and combat methods have put forward new requirements for military research institutes to conduct full-domain battlefield research.

President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation and vigorously improve the ability of independent innovation in national defense science and technology when attending the plenary meeting of the PLA and armed police delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress. Standing at the forefront of the times, how can military research institutes promote the implementation of national defense science and technology innovation strategies and transform scientific research results into real combat effectiveness? How can we achieve the transition from “squatting to running” to “jumping” in scientific and technological innovation and achieve “acceleration” in scientific and technological innovation? Please see the news investigation brought by reporters from the National Defense Engineering Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences.

Research direction——

We must work hard to study and strive for the future, and never lose our ambition

In late March, at a research institute of the National Defense Engineering Research Institute, researchers who had completed the experimental content of a project were busy collecting, organizing and analyzing data, which also meant that a forward-looking topic they had been studying had entered the finalization stage.

A few years ago, when the concept of a certain type of weapon was just proposed, researchers were keenly aware that with the continuous development of science and technology, once this type of weapon breaks through the technical barriers and is successfully developed, it will bring new challenges to the construction of national defense projects. Time waits for no one, and they have planned in detail the research direction of the subject and the key issues that need to be solved in combination with the current status of my country’s national defense projects. Today, the project team has basically mastered the damage effect of a certain new type of weapon on the target, and has proposed a new protection concept accordingly.

The successful completion of the project stems from the accurate aiming of the scientific research target, and the establishment of the scientific research direction is due to the keen insight and foresight of the scientific research team. This kind of forward-looking research is not an isolated case in the institute.

Engineer Han Yu recalled that as early as the 1980s, the research staff of the institute proposed the research direction of information warfare in the future war based on the development trend of warfare. After extensive data collection, investigation and understanding of the situation, and analysis of research rules, they outlined a forward-looking development blueprint for this research direction.

Thanks to the long-term research accumulation on informationized combat styles, after the institute formally established the relevant protection research laboratory last year, the laboratory’s researchers have been advancing related scientific research topics in an orderly and intensive manner.

The application and research cycle of a project is long, ranging from a few years to more than ten years, or even longer. If the research topic lacks foresight, the scientific research direction is not closely connected to the battlefield, and the results are difficult to help improve the combat effectiveness of the troops, it will inevitably cause a waste of manpower and material resources. In response to this situation, the institute clearly requires: “For research topics related to national defense projects, if they are not practical and forward-looking, they will not be allowed to be established.”

“Our research results usually have to be tested in the training ground, and the opinions and suggestions from the troops are summarized and collected on the feedback form, which provides an important reference basis for the next step of scientific research.” Wang Mingzhe, an engineer who is about to visit a certain test site, told reporters that in order to make the research topics stand the test of future wars, the researchers of the institute often go to plateaus and islands, and travel all over the country to investigate, inspect and demonstrate.

A few years ago, when conducting research in the army, researchers discovered that the camouflage cloth used by a brigade during a live-fire exercise was not conducive to camouflage and cover in special terrain. In response to the problem, researchers quickly organized a research project and designed a new information-based shielding system and cloth, making battlefield laying more convenient, faster, more confusing and concealed.

“When attending the plenary meeting of the People’s Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi stressed the need to pay close attention to the development trends of world military technology and weaponry. Indeed, conducting scientific research is like fighting a war. Only with a forward-looking vision can we win the commanding heights in overcoming difficult problems and seize the initiative for victory.” Speaking of the institute’s project approval standards, researcher Liu Ruichao said with emotion that scientific research in the field of national defense engineering must conform to the latest trends in combat styles and weapon development, and take one step ahead while being down-to-earth.

Scientific research talents——

How can the water be so clear? Because it comes from a source of fresh water.

“Look, these are the cracks that appeared after treatment…” On the afternoon of March 13, a laboratory of the institute was occasionally filled with the sound of machines roaring and explanations of experimental content.

In the laboratory, the reporter saw a soldier with gray hair in military uniform. Researcher Chen Anmin told the reporter that the old man was Gu Jincai, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the voice just heard outside the door was Academician Gu explaining the experiment content to the young backbone.

As an academician, the scientific research tasks are already very busy and there is no need for him to always be on the front line. However, Academician Gu, who is already 80 years old, still insists on patiently and meticulously teaching his apprentices and leading the team.

“Academician Gu and his group of veteran comrades have been working on the front line since the establishment of the unit, providing hands-on training and guidance to scientific researchers. I am especially grateful to the predecessors for their guidance and support in getting to where I am today.” Engineer Ma Dongliang is deeply impressed by the good atmosphere of the institute.

In 2009, Ma Dongliang was assigned to a research institute in the Central Plains. As a new employee, Ma Dongliang, who had not yet understood the content of his job, thought he would be assigned to do some “odd jobs” such as organizing documents. What he did not expect was that he was entrusted with an important task as soon as he arrived at the unit and participated in a major protection research project throughout the process.

“The project team is full of teachers with many books, and I, a ‘rookie’, can complete the project tasks?” Ma Dongliang recalled that he was both excited and terrified at the time. After working in the institute for a long time, he learned that the institute would formulate a capacity improvement plan for each key talent, formulate a targeted training plan for those with development potential, and cultivate a team of key talents through job training, sending students to study, cooperation and exchange, etc.

At the 2017 National Science and Technology Awards Commendation Conference, the project in which Ma Dongliang participated won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. What surprised him was that the project leader put him in the position of the seventh author after considering everyone’s contribution, which is not only an honor but also a spur and encouragement for young researchers.

“My contribution to scientific research has not been ignored just because I am young. This is also an important reason why our young backbones stay here to concentrate on scientific research. The evaluation of awards focuses on professional ability and contribution. When evaluating and adjusting positions, it is not based on awards or achievements, but on comprehensive evaluation.” Ma Dongliang told reporters that he is currently working on four projects at the same time, working more than 10 hours a day, and working overtime on weekends is the norm. As he said, this fair competition method and evaluation mechanism make them “excited” and “energized” to do scientific research here.

Like Ma Dongliang, there are many young backbones born in the 1980s who like the talent training atmosphere of the institute and engage in scientific research and have achieved success and development. Some have become senior engineers, and some have served as laboratory leaders. A large number of scientific research backbones have grown rapidly here.

Research conditions——

The phoenix will come to roost when the phoenix tree is lush and leafy.

If information technology is the “multiplier” of combat effectiveness, then scientific research conditions are the “incubator” that gives birth to innovative results.

During the interview at the research institute, the reporter found that the place where the researchers spent the longest time was the test site.

At a test site of the institute, the reporter met Associate Researcher Xu Xiangyun who was preparing the test content. He told the reporter that each research room has several laboratories or test sites built according to the needs of scientific research projects. In addition to purchasing local mature technology products, most of the equipment is independently developed. A new type of test equipment next to him was developed and put into use last year.

At the end of 2012, a new type of weapon was released abroad. According to information obtained by scientific and technological personnel, its attack performance and its destructiveness to protective projects are astonishing, and it is likely to cause many protective projects to lose their due effectiveness.

As it concerns the safety of national defense projects, researchers need to find out the relevant performance of this type of weapon as soon as possible, and to obtain the most accurate information, they need to conduct relevant tests. Because it is a new type of weapon, there is no alternative test method in China, and it often takes 3 years or even longer to apply for the development of test equipment. This practical problem made the researchers of the institute frown. What should they do?

“A special research team composed of academicians and experts will be established to work together to overcome difficulties.” After the researchers reported the situation, the institute also invited experts in related fields from all over the country to discuss the matter. After multiple scientific discussions, they immediately decided to start the development of the test equipment as soon as possible.

In 2015, the Institute developed a certain type of test equipment when most similar test equipment in China could only be used in a fixed manner. With the test equipment, the research team quickly began to apply for a certain evaluation test project. Today, the research team has successfully conducted tests such as weapon power research and target damage, and has proposed new protection concepts and structures accordingly.

“Today, a big challenge facing military research institutions is how to fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and innovation of researchers. We must try our best to provide researchers with advanced research conditions in a timely manner to ensure innovative research.” said the leader of the institute. In recent years, they have successively built an engineering comprehensive demonstration environment laboratory with an area of ​​more than 1,000 square meters and more than 200 sets of equipment and software, as well as dynamic and static load test platforms.

If you want to do your work well, you must first sharpen your tools. At present, while continuing to implement the tasks of scientific research conditions construction, the institute focuses on the current situation at home and abroad and the development trend of related majors, actively plans new scientific research conditions construction projects, and promotes the application of the “Major Underground Engineering Safety” National Key Laboratory. A project aimed at the protection technology research of the world’s cutting-edge weapons will be carried out in the newly built simulation test center…

Accelerate national defense science and technology innovation

■Weidong

At the plenary meeting of the PLA and Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integration innovation system, and vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology. This important thought profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development and points out the direction for the prosperity and development of modern military science.

In recent years, as the strategic commanding heights of science and technology have accelerated their development to the deep earth, deep sea and deep space, the forms of war and combat styles have undergone profound changes, and the process of transforming combat theories into battlefield actions and technology into equipment has continued to accelerate, and the cycle has been further shortened. Many military powers have seen the dawn of intelligent military transformation and have launched a new round of military technology innovation.

In the face of the ever-changing technological development, military research institutes must take the lead in the national defense science and technology game, take the opportunity of reshaping the military research system, stand at the overall height of ensuring victory in the informationized war, step up the strategic transformation, and firmly grasp the “bull’s nose” of independent innovation, so as to take the initiative in the grand journey of becoming world-class.

Qian Xuesen once said that national defense science and technology innovation must not be satisfied with “chasing tail” or “looking in the mirror”. Military research institutes should be bold in their ideas, have the courage to emancipate their minds, break the mindset, make macro plans for their long-term development, and optimize the top-level design. At the same time, they should also carry out forward-looking demonstrations of the needs for the development of national defense science and technology innovation, independently and proactively carry out basic, leading, and disruptive innovative technology research, keenly discover new directions and new fields for the generation of new quality combat effectiveness, and strive to stand at the forefront and be at the forefront of the world’s military science and technology competition.

It is the duty of the general to not forget to fight while defending; it is the duty of the soldiers to be well-prepared for training. Focusing on actual combat is both a goal and a guide. Military research institutes should firmly establish the idea of ​​research for combat, implement President Xi’s instructions and requirements of “facing the battlefield, facing the troops, and facing the future”, and follow the requirements of “improving joint combat capabilities and all-domain combat capabilities based on network information systems”. We should strive to conduct research in the way the war is fought and what is needed for the war, focus on improving the contribution rate of military research and innovation to the combat effectiveness of the troops, and continuously provide strong scientific and technological support for strengthening the army.

A first-class army needs first-class scientific research units, and first-class scientific research units need first-class talents. Only when talents emerge in competition can there be a burst of innovative vitality. Military scientific research institutes should always adhere to the awareness of talent cultivation as the main battlefield, highlight the cultivation of creative thinking and innovative capabilities of military scientific researchers, rely on first-class military talents to create first-class military theories and first-class military technology, and implant the winning genes for decoding future wars into the body of the army.

President Xi stressed that we should focus on the coordinated innovation of military and civilian science and technology in key areas. The fields of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment are the focus of military-civilian integration. As military research institutes, we should focus on meeting national strategic needs, integrating into the national scientific research system, strengthening the coordinated research of major projects, and strengthening the deep integration of industry, academia and research. Relying on the superior resources of the military and the local government, we should strengthen the strategic cooperation between the military and the local government, build a service platform for the joint research and sharing of national defense science and technology achievements, the joint construction and sharing of conditions and facilities, and the connection of common standards between the military and the local government, and form a new situation of open, integrated and innovative development of national defense science and technology.

Stride forward, reshape and reconstruct is not a minor repair, and must not be a small fight. We must seize the opportunity of the start, release the starting momentum, take steps and speed up in key areas, important directions and major tasks, and create new models and set new benchmarks as soon as possible, so as to take the lead in achieving leading results in the world military science and technology competition, occupy a number of strategic commanding heights and winning points, use first-class military technology to create a first-class combat offense and defense system, and gradually achieve the goal of building a first-class army.

(Author’s unit: National Defense Engineering Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences)

Military scientific and technological innovation should focus on basic scientific research, improve basic scientific research support capabilities, and lay a solid foundation for national defense scientific and technological innovation.

In recent years, we have made great progress in the field of national defense science and technology, but there is still a gap with foreign countries in some key technologies, mainly because the basic research is not solid enough, and there is still room for improvement in professional basic theoretical research, digital military simulation platform development, large-scale distributed numerical computing technology, etc. These factors have restricted the scientific research progress and development in the military field to a certain extent, affecting the emergence and breakthroughs of cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations.

Basic key technologies cannot be bought, and you will not get far if you rely on buying second-hand technologies from abroad. We should start from the aspects of top-level planning design, scientific research management system, and incentive mechanism for scientific researchers, attach importance to and support basic research work, carry out basic research work in depth, and enhance original innovation capabilities.

Military research institutions must break down the “barriers” between the military and civilian science and technology systems, and focus on collaborative innovation in military and civilian science and technology in key areas.

With the rapid development of high-tech weapons and equipment, the styles and forms of warfare are constantly changing, which puts higher requirements on battlefield construction. We must actively explore many disciplines such as earth sciences, high-tech equipment manufacturing, and automatic control, and study the construction of a full-domain intelligent battlefield.

Based on this, military research units need to cooperate with local governments to jointly carry out in-depth engineering research, integrate high-quality local military resources in the fields of electronic information, drones, artificial intelligence and bionics, and use the best scientific and technological resources in the country to build a modern military force system. For our national defense engineering field, we must attach importance to promoting the application of building information modeling (BIM) in military engineering and realize the informationization and refined management of engineering construction and operation and maintenance.

Innovation-driven development is essentially talent-driven. Whoever possesses first-class innovative talents will have the advantage and dominance in scientific and technological innovation.

At present, the most urgent need for strengthening national defense and military construction is talent; looking to the future, the core of achieving leapfrog development in military construction is still talent. Only by fully driving the talent training engine can we strongly promote independent innovation in national defense science and technology.

Many years of experience in scientific research have made me feel that talent cultivation is a systematic project and strategic task. We need to focus on the overall situation, strengthen top-level design, scientifically set up echelons, and strive to create a vivid situation where outstanding talents emerge and everyone competes to be a “maker” in the military camp. Talent cultivation has its inherent characteristics and laws. It cannot be achieved overnight or in a short period of time. We need to firmly establish a scientific concept of talent cultivation, with the ideological realm and confidence and courage of “success does not have to be mine, but the effort will not be in vain”, and work hard for a long time and continue to relay, so as to turn the talent cultivation blueprint into reality and provide solid talent support for the development of the military through science and technology.

Conducting military scientific research is like fighting a war. Only with a forward-looking vision can you gain the commanding heights in overcoming difficult problems and seize the initiative for victory.

In recent years, national defense science and technology at home and abroad has developed rapidly, the all-round reconnaissance technology integrating land, sea, air and space has been continuously improved, the use of troops and weapons supported by highly information technology on the battlefield and the emergence of new weapons have greatly changed the combat style and characteristics of future wars. Scientific researchers must deeply grasp and base themselves on the characteristics of future wars and carry out innovative scientific research in a targeted manner.

Specifically in the field of national defense engineering research, military researchers must keep up with the forefront of the development of world weapons and equipment and protection technology, and focus on preventing both “hard kill” and “soft kill”; they must pay attention to the protection of key parts as well as the protection of the overall system; they must do a good job in passive protection, and also track and study active protection and new weapon protection technologies, promote disruptive technological innovation, and strive to improve the battlefield survivability and combat support capabilities of national defense engineering.

現代國語：

目前，新一輪科技革命、工業革命、軍事革命正加速推進，太空、網路等新興領域將成為未來競爭的焦點。科學技術日新月異，武器裝備和作戰方式日新月異，對軍事科學研究院所進行全域戰場研究提出了新的要求。

站在時代前沿，軍隊科學研究院所如何推動國防科技創新戰略實施，將科學研究成果轉化為現實戰力？如何實現科技創新從“蹲著跑”到“跳起來”，實現科技創新“加速”？請閱讀解放軍報記者軍事科學院國防工程研究所帶來的新聞調查。

國防科技創新：為提升國防實力鍛造強大引擎

■中國國防報記者 潘娣 特約記者 趙傑

目前，新一輪科技革命、產業革命、軍事革命加速推進，太空、網路等新興領域將成為未來的爭奪焦點。快速發展的科學技術、日新月異的武器裝備及作戰方式，給軍科研院所提出了全域戰場研究的新要求。

習主席出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，加強國防科技創新，並大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。挺立時代潮頭，軍事科研院所如何推進國防科技創新戰略落地生根，把科學研究成果轉化為實實在在的戰鬥力？如何實現科技創新“深蹲助跑”到“起跳跨越”，跑出科技創新“加速度”？請看記者從軍事科學院國防工程研究院帶來的新聞調查。

科學研究方向——

躬身必以研為戰，望遠不墜鯤鵬志

3月下旬，在國防工程研究院某研究所，已經完成某專案試驗內容的科研人員正在緊張地進行資料的蒐集、整理與分析，這也意味著他們潛心鑽研的某前瞻性課題進入結題階段。

幾年前，某型武器的概念剛被提出時，科研人員就敏銳地認識到：隨著科學技術不斷發展，該型武器一旦突破技術壁壘研製成功，將會對國防工程建設帶來新的挑戰。時間不等人，他們結合我國國防工程現狀，詳細規劃了主題的研究方向和需要重點解決的關鍵問題。現今，本計畫組基本上掌握某新型武器對目標的毀傷效果，並相應提出新的防護理念。

專案成功結題的背後，源自於科研標靶的準確瞄準，而科研方向的確立得益於科研團隊敏銳的洞察力與前瞻性。這種具有前瞻性的研究在該研究院並非個案。

根據工程師韓彧回憶，早在1980年代，該研究院科研人員根據作戰發展趨勢，預見未來戰爭資訊化作戰的研究方向。經過廣泛收集資料、調查了解情況、剖析研究規律，他們為研究方向勾勒出前瞻性的發展藍圖。

得益於長期資訊化作戰樣式的研究積累，去年研究院正式組成相關防護研究室之後，研究室科研人員便有條不紊、緊鑼密鼓地推進相關科研課題。

課題申請立項與研究週期長，短則幾年多則十幾年，甚至會更長。如果研究主題缺乏前瞻性，科學研究方向對接戰場不緊密，出了成果也難以助力部隊戰鬥力的提升，勢必會造成人力物力的浪費。針對這種情況，該研究院明確要求：“事關國防工程的研究主題，不具備實用性前瞻性決不允許立項。”

「我們的研究成果通常要經過演練場檢驗，匯總收集部隊反饋的意見建議到意見反饋表上，為下一步科研攻關提供重要參考依據。」即將赴某試驗場考察的工程師王明哲告訴記者，為了讓研究主題經得起未來戰爭的檢驗，研究院的科研人員常上高原、下海島，走南闖北去研究、考察與論證。

幾年前，科學研究人員在部隊調查時發現，某旅在實兵演練過程中使用的迷彩遮蔽佈在特殊地形下不利於偽裝掩護。針對發現的問題，科學研究人員快速組織主題立項研究，設計出新型資訊遮蔽系統與遮蔽布，使戰場鋪設更加方便快捷，更具迷惑性和隱蔽性。

「習主席在出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，要密切關注世界軍事科技和武器裝備發展動向。的確，搞科研如同打仗，有前瞻性視野才能贏得攻克難題的製高點，把握勝利的主動權。 。

科學研究人才—

問渠哪得清如許，為有源頭活水來

「你們觀察一下，這是處理後顯現的裂縫…」3月13日下午，研究院某實驗室不時傳出陣陣機器轟鳴與講解試驗內容的聲音。

在實驗室裡，記者看到一位穿著軍服、頭髮花白的軍人。研究員陳安敏告訴記者，這位老者是中國工程院院士顧金才，剛在門外聽到的聲音就是顧院士在為年輕骨幹講解試驗內容。

身為院士，科學研究任務本就十分繁忙，完全不需要一直盯在一線，但已經80歲高齡的顧院士卻仍堅持耐心細緻地教徒弟、帶團隊。

「顧院士那一批老同志自單位成立以來就一直奮戰在一線，手把手地對科研人員進行傳幫帶。我能走到今天特別感謝前輩們的教導和扶持。」工程師馬棟良對研究院良好的氛圍感受頗深。

2009年，馬棟良被分配到地處中原地的某研究所。新到工作單位，還沒了解工作內容的馬棟良以為會被派去幹一些整理文檔的“雜活兒”，讓他沒想到的是，剛到單位就被委以重任，全程參與某重大防護研究課題。

「專案組裡都是著作等身的老師，而我一個『菜鳥』能把專案任務完成好嗎？」馬棟良回想當時的心情既激動又惶恐。他在研究院待久了才知道，原來研究院對每位骨幹人才都會製訂能力提升計劃，對有發展潛力的針對性製訂培養方案，透過崗位鍛鍊、送學培養、合作交流等方式，培養骨幹人才方隊。

在2017年度國家科學技術獎勵表揚大會上，馬棟良參與的這個計畫獲得國家科學技術進步獎二等獎。讓他既驚訝又意外的是，專案組組長綜合考慮每個人的貢獻後，將他放在了第七作者的位置，這對年輕科研人員來說既是榮譽，更是鞭策和激勵。

「並沒有因為年輕就忽略我在科研中的貢獻，這也是我們年輕骨幹留在這裡潛心搞科研的重要原因。評獎看重專業能力與所作所為，在評職調級時不唯獎不唯成果，而是依據綜合性評估。如他所說，這種公平的競爭方式與評價機制，讓他們在這裡搞科研「得勁兒」「有勁兒」。

而和馬棟良一樣，喜歡研究院人才培養氛圍而深耕科研，並取得成就與發展的「80後」年輕骨幹不在少數，有的成為了高級工程師，有的擔任了研究室領導，一大批科研骨幹在這裡快速成長起來。

科學研究條件——

梧桐枝繁葉茂，自有鳳凰來棲

如果資訊科技是戰鬥力的“倍增器”，那麼科研條件就是催生創新成果的“孵化器”。

在研究院採訪的日子裡，記者發現科學研究人員待得最久的地方就是試驗場。

在研究院某試驗場地，記者見到正在準備試驗內容的副研究員徐翔雲，他告訴記者，每個研究室都有幾處根據科研項目需求建造的實驗室或試驗場，除了購置地方技術成熟的產品，大部分是自主研發的設備，他身旁的某新型試驗設備就是去年研發投入使用的。

2012年年底，國外發布了一款新型武器，根據科技人員掌握到的情況，其攻擊性能及其對防護工程的破壞性令人吃驚，很可能會導致許多防護工程失去其應有的效用。

關乎國防工程的安全問題，科學研究人員要盡快摸清該型武器的相關性能，而要掌握到最準確的資料，需要進行相關試驗。由於是新型武器，國內尚未有可以作為替代的試驗手段，而要報項申請研發試驗裝備，往往需要3年甚至更長的時間。這個現實難題讓研究院科研人員皺緊了眉頭，怎麼辦？

「成立由院士專家組成的專題課題攻關小組，群策群力攻堅克難。」科研人員報告情況後，研究院還請來全國相關領域的專家探討，經過多方科學論證，他們當即拍板兒，盡快開展試驗設備的研發。

2015年，在國內大多數同類型試驗裝備只能固定使用的情況下，研究院研發出某型試驗裝備。有了試驗裝備，課題組很快就開始進行某評估試驗課題的申報工作。如今，該研究小組成功進行武器威力研究、目標毀傷情況等試驗，並相應提出新的防護理念和結構。

「如今，軍事科研機構面臨的很大一個難題，就是如何充分調動科研人員的積極性、主動性和創新性。我們要盡力為科研人員及時提供先進的科研條件，保障創新研究。」該研究院領導說。近年來，他們先後建造1000多平方公尺、200餘台（套）設備軟體的工程綜合論證環境實驗室、動載和靜載試驗平台。

工欲善其事，必先利其器。目前，該研究院在持續抓好科研條件建設任務落實的同時，著眼於國內外現狀與相關專業的發展趨勢，積極籌劃新的科研條件建設項目，推動“重大地下工程安全”國家重點試驗室等申報工作。瞄準世界前沿武器的防護技術研究的某個主題將在剛建成的模擬試驗中心開展…

跑出國防科技創新“加速”

■衛東

習主席在出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，要加強國防科技創新，加速建立軍民融合創新體系，大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這一重要思想，深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律，為繁榮發展現代軍事科學指明了前進方向。

近年來，隨著科技戰略制高點朝向深地、深海、深空加速發展，戰爭形態和作戰樣式深刻嬗變，作戰理論轉化為戰場行動、技術物化為裝備的進程不斷加快，週期進一步縮短。不少軍事強國看到了智慧化軍事變革破曉的訊號，紛紛啟動新一輪軍事技術革新。

軍事競爭唯創新者勝。面對日新月異的科技發展態勢，軍事科研院所必須在國防科技博弈中率先投子佈勢、走開棋路，以軍事科研體系重塑為契機，站在保障打贏資訊化戰爭的全局高度，加緊推進戰略轉型，緊緊扭住自主創新這個“牛鼻子”，才能在邁進世界一流的宏闊征程中下好先手棋，掌握主動權。

錢學森曾說過，國防科技創新絕對不能滿足於「追尾巴」「照鏡子」。軍事科學研究院所應大膽構想，勇於解放思想，破除思維定式，對其長遠發展進行宏觀規劃，優化頂層設計。同時，也應進行前瞻性國防科技發展創新需求論證，自主超前展開基礎性、先導性、顛覆性創新技術研究，敏銳發現新質戰鬥力生成的新方向新領域，努力在世界軍事科技競爭中站上前沿、走在前面。

守不忘戰，將之任也；訓練有備，兵之事也。聚焦實戰是目標，也是牽引。軍事科研院所應牢固樹立研為戰思想，貫徹習主席「面向戰場、面向部隊、面向未來」的指示要求，按照「提高基於網路資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全域作戰能力」的要求，努力做到仗怎麼打科學研究就怎麼搞，打仗需要什麼科學研究就搞什麼，著力提升軍事科學研究創新對部隊戰鬥力的貢獻率，不斷為強軍興軍提供強而有力的科技支撐。

一流的軍隊需要一流的科學研究單位，一流的科學研究單位需要一流的人才。只有人才競相湧現，才有創新活力迸發。軍事科研院所應始終堅持人才培養的主陣地意識，突顯對軍事科研工作者創造性思維、創新型能力的培養，靠一流軍事人才創造一流軍事理論和一流軍事科技，為軍隊的肌體植入解碼未來戰爭的致勝基因。

習主席強調，要突顯抓好重點領域軍民科技協同創新。國防科技與武器裝備領域是軍民融合的重點，作為軍事科研院所，應注重對接國家戰略需求，融入國家科研體系，加強重大項目協同攻關，強化產研深度融合。依托軍地優勢資源，強化軍地戰略協作，建構國防科技成果共研共享、條件設施共建共用、通用標準軍地銜接的服務平台，形成國防科技開放融合創新發展新局面。

闊步前進，重塑重構不是小修小補，絕不能小打小鬧。必須抓住開局契機，釋放起跑動能，在重點領域、重要方向和重大任務上把步子邁起來、速度提上去，盡快打造新樣板，樹起新標桿，從而在世界軍事科技競爭中率先取得引領性成果，佔據若干戰略制高點、致勝點，以一流軍事科技打造一流作戰攻防體系，逐步實現一流軍隊的建設目標。

（作者單位：軍事科學學院國防工程研究院）

軍事科技創新要聚焦基礎科學研究，提升基礎研究支撐能力，築牢國防科技創新的根基。

近年來，我們在國防科技領域取得非常大的進展，但在一些關鍵技術上和國外仍存在差距，主要是因為基礎性研究不夠紮實，在專業基礎理論研究、數位化軍事模擬平台研發、大型分散式數值計算技術等方面仍有待提升。這些因素都在一定程度上限制了軍事領域的科研進步與發展，影響著前沿引領技術、現代工程技術、顛覆性技術創新等方面的產生與突破。

基礎性關鍵技術絕對買不來，靠從國外買二手技術是走不遠的。若要從規劃頂層設計、研究管理制度、研究人員激勵機制等面向入手，實際重視與扶持基礎研究工作，深入進行基礎研究工作，提升原始創新能力。

軍事科研機構必須破除軍民科技體系之間的“藩籬”，突顯抓好重點領域軍民科技協同創新。

隨著當前高新技術武器裝備迅速發展，戰爭樣式和形態推陳出新，對戰場建設提出了更高要求，要積極探索地球科學、高新技術裝備製造、自動控制等眾多學科，研究全局智能戰場建設。

基於此，軍事科研單位需要和地方協同合作，共同做好深部工程研究，在電子資訊、無人機、人工智慧和仿生技術等高新科技研究方向，整合軍隊地方優質資源，用全國最優質的科技資源建構現代軍事力量體系。對我們國防工程領域而言，要重視推進建築資訊模型（BIM）在軍事工程的應用，實現工程建設與運作維護的資訊化、精細化管理。

創新驅動實質上是人才驅動，誰擁有了一流的創新人才，誰就擁有了科技創新的優勢和主導權。

著眼當下，加強國防和軍隊建設最緊張的就是人才；放眼未來，實現軍隊建設跨越式發展最核心的還是人才。全力驅動人才培養引擎，才能強勢助推國防科技自主創新。

多年的科學研究工作經驗使我感到，人才培育工作是一項系統工程和策略任務，需要著眼全局，加強頂層設計，科學設置梯次，著力形成優秀人才競相湧現、人人爭當軍營「創客」的生動局面。人才培育有其固有的特點和規律，不可能一蹴而就、短期速成，需要牢固樹立科學的人才培養觀，以「功成不必在我，而功力必不唐捐」的思想境界和信心勇氣，久久為功、持續接力，才能把人才培養藍圖變成現實，為科技興軍提供堅實的人才支撐。

搞軍事科研如同打仗，有前瞻性視野才能贏得攻克難題的製高點，把握勝利的主動權。

近年來，國內外國防科技快速發展，陸海空天一體的全方位偵察技術不斷提升，戰場中以高度資訊化技術為支撐的兵力武器運用以及新式武器的問世，大大改變了未來戰爭的作戰樣式和特徵，科學研究人員要深刻掌握並立足未來戰爭特點，有針對性地進行創新性科學研究工作。

具體到國防工程研究領域，軍事科研人員要緊跟世界武器裝備和防護技術發展的前沿，既要注重防“硬殺傷”，也要注重防“軟殺傷”；既要注重對要害部位的防護，也要注重整體系統防護；既要搞好被動防護，也要追蹤研究主動防護和新型武器防護技術，推動顛覆性技術創新，努力提升國防工程戰場生存能力和作戰保障能力。

来源：中国军网综合

作者：潘娣 赵杰等责任编辑：柳晨

2018-05-02 

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.81.cn/2018zt/2018-05/02/content_8020899.htm

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Accelerate Innovation & Development of Chinese National Defence Science and Technology Support Modernization of China’s Military

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加速國防科技創新發展支撐軍隊現代化

2023年11月26日07:00

現代英語：

President Xi Jinping emphasized that military scientific research has a strong exploratory nature, and innovation must be placed in a more prominent position, strategic planning and top-level design must be done well, innovation in military theory, innovation in national defense science and technology, and innovation in organizational models of military scientific research must be strengthened, and The engine of military scientific research and innovation is running at full speed. This important statement by President Xi profoundly reveals the importance of national defense scientific and technological innovation and is the fundamental guideline for promoting the development of national defense scientific and technological innovation under the new situation. We must launch the engine of innovation and development of national defense science and technology at full speed, promote the high-quality development of national defense science and technology, and provide strong material and technical support to achieve the centenary goal of the founding of the army and comprehensively build a world-class army.

Strengthen basic research towards the development frontier

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are taking place, and the world’s new military revolution is accelerating, ushering in the era of moving from informatization to intelligence, which will inevitably bring about major evolutions in the form of war, major adjustments in military strategies, The combat methods have undergone major changes and the combat forces have undergone a major transformation. To promote the innovative development of national defense science and technology, we must adhere to the forefront of the world’s military science and technology development, the major needs of building a strong military, and the future battlefield, conscientiously explore the winning mechanism of future wars, continuously increase the contribution rate of national defense science and technology to war preparation, deterrence and victory, and seize the future military Injecting strong momentum into the commanding heights of competitive strategy.

Aim at the forefront of the world’s military science and technology, keep up with the world’s new military revolution, especially the development direction of military science and technology, seize the opportunities arising from the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution, strive to narrow the gap in key areas, and measure innovation by obtaining comparative advantages. The fundamental standards for development are to select the breakthrough points and focus points of scientific and technological innovation, strengthen forward-looking planning and design, allocate limited resources to major technological research, concentrate superior forces, vigorously conquer key technologies in the military field, and master a number of independent intellectual property rights. core technology. From structural design to force ratio to scientific research projects, we should seize the main research areas, reflect the development frontier, form overall advantages, and actively seek strategic initiative and military advantages.

With the continuous development of science and technology, the characteristics of multi-disciplinary professional cross-clustering and multi-field technology integration have become increasingly prominent. Big crossover, big integration, and big breakthroughs have become the basic laws of the development of modern military science. To promote the innovative development of national defense science and technology, we must strive to improve technological cognition, dare to explore new paths in construction ideas and technological paths, open up channels for transforming technological chains into industrial chains, and enhance national strategic capabilities and weapons and equipment development capabilities. It is necessary to follow the essential requirements and inherent laws of national defense science and technology, stand in the context of the national innovation system and military-civilian integrated collaborative innovation, accelerate the establishment of a strategic, basic, cutting-edge, and open scientific research and innovation platform, and promote the direction of national defense science and technology. Military theory and military technology are closely integrated, basic research and applied research promote each other, and independent innovation and absorption and reference are emphasized simultaneously. Adapt to the requirements of national defense science and technology innovation and development, do a good job in basic management, and establish a basic supporting management mechanism to ensure the development of national defense science and technology innovation; strengthen project management, and strive to form a classified, efficient, flexible, adaptive, and sustainable management mechanism and work process; Broaden technology transformation channels, establish and improve policy systems and mechanisms for the transformation and application of national defense scientific and technological achievements, and promote the rapid transformation and application of national defense scientific and technological innovation achievements.

Practice has proved that basic research is the key to how high and how far national defense science and technology innovation can “jump” and “run”. Therefore, we must focus on innovative basic and applied basic research, build a rich scientific reserve, correctly grasp the relationship between basic research and technology application, and provide strong support for promoting the innovative development of national defense science and technology. First, basic research should be regarded as the leading project to promote the innovation and development of national defense science and technology, and be placed in a strategic position of priority development. Sufficient and stable funding investment should be maintained, advance layout and priority support should be provided in several major areas, and new concepts, new principles, and New methods, striving to achieve major breakthroughs in basic, cutting-edge and strategic fields. Second, we must adhere to the use of systems engineering thinking and methods, correctly understand and scientifically guide basic research and technology application practices, not only promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, but also cultivate new technological growth points to form “basic research, development and application, and achievement transformation”. , a closed link to integrated application and re-innovation. Third, we must open up channels for the transformation of national defense scientific and technological achievements as soon as possible, and promote scientific research achievements to take root in building a world-class army and serving in war preparations. Actively explore scientific research collaboration in the form of technology groups, project groups, etc., strengthen military-civilian communication and collaboration, smooth channels for technical needs, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements as soon as possible.

Establish scientific research as a battle orientation and win the future through innovation

Focusing on actual combat is the core goal of military construction. We must regard the fundamental traction of adhering to combat needs as an important guiding principle for the innovative development of national defense science and technology. We must always aim at the innovative development of military theory and military science and technology for tomorrow’s war, and explore the formation of military theories that keep pace with the development of the times and the country. A national defense science and technology innovation system that is adapted to security needs and meets future combat requirements.

To promote the innovative development of national defense science and technology, we must firmly establish the fundamental orientation of scientific research for warfare, conduct in-depth research on the characteristics, combat styles, operational focus and winning mechanisms under informationized conditions, persist in guiding basic research and exploration of strategic frontier technologies based on operational needs, and further improve Scientific research projects focus on systems and mechanisms such as preparation for war. At the same time, we must keep a close eye on future combat opponents, accurately grasp the evolution of war forms and the development trends of world military science and technology, constantly update ideas and concepts, and scientifically plan today’s preparations, design tomorrow’s wars, and win on future battlefields. .

Combat effectiveness has always been the decisive factor in the success or failure of the army, and combat effectiveness standards are the only fundamental standards for military construction. The rapid development of high-tech with information technology as the core has resulted in unprecedented profound changes in the complexity of offensive and defensive warfare mechanisms, and has had an unprecedented profound impact on the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. Therefore, we must regard independent innovation as an important factor, component and way of realizing the transformation of the combat effectiveness generation model, be good at discovering the potential driving force of new technologies for the development of combat effectiveness, and promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation in the great practice of comprehensively realizing the goal of strengthening the military.

In order to adapt to the requirements of winning informationized and intelligent wars and focus on effectively fulfilling missions and tasks, it is necessary to adhere to the strategic basis of independent innovation, improve the scientific research collaborative innovation mechanism, create an integrated innovation platform, and comprehensively promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation. First, we should regard the weak links of national defense science and technology as the main direction of promoting independent innovation, and at the same time increase the intensity of original innovation, focus on mastering key core technologies in some important fields and technological frontiers, and strive to build a system that can continuously increase national defense science and technology reserves and A national defense science and technology innovation system that can enable rapid transformation. Correctly handle the relationship between key technologies and general technologies, general technologies and special technologies, traditional technologies and high and new technologies, achieve overall consideration and rational layout, and achieve mutual support and coordinated development of various technologies and disciplines. Second, we must grasp the needs for the development of national defense science and technology innovation, focus on solving problems in the science and technology management system, demand generation mechanism, scientific research planning system, etc., improve the overall effectiveness of scientific research, and create strong vitality to promote independent innovation. Vigorously promote the sharing of basic technical resources between the military and civilians, and establish and improve military-civilian standardization coordination mechanisms and technical service mechanisms. Third, we must improve the scientific and technological collaborative innovation policy and system of universities, scientific research institutes, enterprises, and governments, maximize the advantages of all aspects, strive to create an integrated innovation platform, and form an overall synergy to promote collaborative innovation of national defense science and technology.

Implement the strategy of strengthening the army with talents in the new era to unleash creative vitality

Promoting the innovation and development of national defense science and technology ultimately depends on high-level talents. Without a strong team of national defense science and technology talents, independent innovation will be water without a source and a tree without roots. Therefore, we must actively adapt to the requirements of national defense science and technology innovation and development, and vigorously build a systematic and high-level talent training platform to allow more high-quality and professional talents to emerge.

Firmly establish the concept of “talents are the first resource”, insist on cultivating talents as a major political task, and use the insight to recognize talents, the true love for talents, the methods of gathering talents, the courage to use talents, and the mind to accommodate talents, Boldly use strategic scientists to support young scientific and technological talents to take on important roles and assume important responsibilities, and continuously strengthen the team of leading scientific and technological talents and first-class innovation teams. We must adhere to the joint efforts of major national defense science and technology construction projects and talent construction projects, boldly select, use and temper various talents in the practice of major projects and major tasks, cultivate and create a new generation of scientific and technological talents and leading talents, and build the field of national defense science and technology and equipment into a national It is a highland for innovative talents and a fertile ground for talents to grow and prosper, forming a vivid situation in which the creative vitality of national defense science and technology talents bursts out. Clarify the evaluation methods and standards for national defense scientific and technological talents, improve the differentiated evaluation and policy support mechanism for national defense scientific and technological talents, and build an evaluation system that conforms to the laws of national defense science and technology and the laws of talent growth. Reform the science and technology management and personnel system, let scientific research management keep up with the pace of scientific and technological innovation, truly free up hands and feet, free up time and build a platform for scientific researchers, and hand over the stage of scientific research and innovation to them with confidence, so that they can play the leading role in scientific research and innovation. , sing a big show.

A scientific and fair evaluation mechanism plays a fundamental role in stimulating innovation. Practice has proved that any major breakthrough in the field of basic research is inseparable from long-term accumulation and repeated failures. This is an inevitable law of scientific development. Therefore, in the process of scientific research and production of national defense technology and weapons and equipment, we must not only encourage scientific researchers to have fantastic ideas, but also tolerate their failures in exploration and practice. It is advocated that the implementation of various scientific research plans should not be based on the number of papers and patents as project goals, but should focus on the acquisition of original results and allow a certain failure rate. Conduct peer evaluation of basic and cutting-edge technology research, highlight medium- and long-term goal orientation and original value, strive to create a fair competition environment that encourages innovation, and make great efforts to activate the “pool of spring water” for the innovation and development of national defense science and technology.

Comprehensively implement the strategy of strengthening the military with talents in the new era, further enhance the vitality of talent team building, maximize the innovation power of national defense science and technology talents, and fully mobilize their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity. Follow the growth rules of high-quality and professional military personnel, create an environment that recognizes, loves, respects, and utilizes talents, formulates policies and systems that combine competition incentives and advocating cooperation, promotes the orderly flow and rational distribution of human resources, and serves local talents to serve national defense Build a good platform for science and technology construction, and strive to create a good situation where people can make the best use of their talents, fully display their talents, and make full use of their talents.

(The author is a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences)

(Editors: Wang Zifeng, Song Meiqi)

現代國語：

習近平主席強調指出，軍事科學研究具有很強的探索性，要把創新擺在更加突出的位置，做好戰略謀劃和頂層設計，加強軍事理論創新、國防科技創新、軍事科研工作組織模式創新，把軍事科研創新的引擎全速發動。習主席的這一重要論述，深刻揭示了國防科技創新的重要性，是新形勢下推動國防科技創新發展的根本遵循。我們要全速發動國防科技創新發展的引擎，促進國防科技高品質發展，為實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標、全面建成世界一流軍隊提供強而有力的物質技術支撐。

面向發展前沿 加強基礎研究

當前，新一輪科技革命和產業變革正孕育興起，世界新軍事革命加速推進，拉開了從資訊化向智慧化邁進的時代大幕，必將帶來戰爭形態大演進、軍事戰略大調整、作戰方式大嬗變、作戰力量大轉型。推進國防科技創新發展，必須堅持面向世界軍事科技發展前沿，面向強軍實踐重大需求，面向未來戰場，認真探索未來戰爭制勝機理，不斷提高國防科技對備戰懾戰勝戰的貢獻率，為搶佔未來軍事競爭戰略制高點注入強勁動能。

瞄準世界軍事科技前沿，緊跟世界新軍事革命特別是軍事科技發展方向，緊緊抓住新一輪科技革命和產業革命正在興起的機遇，努力縮小關鍵領域的差距，以取得比較優勢作為衡量創新發展的根本標準，選準科技創新的突破口和著力點，加強前瞻謀劃設計，把有限的資源配置到重大技術攻關上，集中優勢力量，大力攻克軍事領域的關鍵技術，掌握一批擁有自主知識產權的核心技術。從結構設計到力量配比再到科研項目，都應抓住主要研究領域，體現發展前沿，形成整體優勢，積極謀求戰略主動和軍事優勢。

隨著科學技術不斷發展，多學科專業交叉群集、多領域技術融合整合的特徵日益凸顯，大交叉、大融合、大突破已成為現代軍事科學發展的基本規律。推進國防科技創新發展，要努力提陞技術認知能力，在建設思路、技術路徑上敢於蹚新路，打通技術鏈轉化為產業鏈的通道，提升國家戰略能力和武器裝備發展實力。要遵循國防科技的本質要求與內在規律，站在國家創新大體系、軍民一體化協同創新的大背景下，加速建立戰略性、基礎性、前沿性、開放性的科學研究創新平台，推動國防科技向軍事理論與軍事技術緊密結合、基礎研究與應用研究相互促進、自主創新與吸收借鑒並重舉轉變。適應國防科技創新發展要求，搞好基礎管理，配套建立確保國防科技創新發展的基礎支撐性管理機制﹔加強項目管理，努力形成分類分級、高效靈活、自適應、可持續的管理機制和工作流程﹔拓寬技術轉化管道，建立並改善國防科技成果轉化應用政策制度機制，推動國防科技創新成果快速轉化應用。

實踐証明，國防科技創新能「跳」多高、「跑」多遠，基礎研究是關鍵。因此，要著力抓好創新性基礎與應用基礎研究，搞好豐厚的科學儲備，正確掌握基礎研究與技術應用的關系，為推動國防科技創新發展提供強力支撐。一要把基礎研究作為推動國防科技創新發展的先導工程，放在優先發展的戰略位置來抓，保持足夠、穩定的經費投入，在若干重大領域提前佈局與優先支持，探索新概念、新原理、新方法，力爭在基礎性、前衛性、戰略性領域取得重大突破。二要堅持運用系統工程的思維與方法，正確認識與科學指導基礎研究與技術應用實踐，既要促進科技成果轉化運用，又要培育新的技術成長點，形成「基礎研究、開發應用、成果轉化，到整合應用再創新」的閉合鏈路。三要盡快打通國防科技成果轉化的管道，促進科學研究成果在建設世界一流軍隊和服務備戰打仗中落地生根。積極探索以技術群、項目群等形式開展科研協作攻關，加強軍地溝通協作，暢通技術需求通道，促進科技成果盡快實現轉型。

樹立科研為戰導向 以創新制勝未來

聚焦實戰是軍隊建設的核心目標，必須把堅持作戰需求的根本牽引作為國防科技創新發展的重要指導原則，始終瞄準明天的戰爭創新發展軍事理論和軍事科技，探索形成與時代發展同步伐、與國家安全需求相適應、滿足未來作戰要求的國防科技創新體系。

推進國防科技創新發展，必須穩固確立科研為戰的根本導向，深入研究資訊化條件下的作戰特點、作戰樣式、作戰重心和製勝機理，堅持以作戰需求牽引基礎研究和戰略前沿技術探索，進一步完善科學研究項目聚焦於備戰打仗等製度機制，同時要緊盯未來作戰對手，準確掌握戰爭形態演變趨勢、世界軍事科技發展趨勢，不斷更新思想觀念，科學籌劃今天的備戰、設計明天的戰爭、制勝未來的戰場。

戰鬥力始終是軍隊興衰成敗的決定性因素，戰鬥力標準是軍隊建設唯一的根本的標準。以資訊科技為核心的高新技術迅猛發展，戰爭攻防作戰機理的複雜程度發生了前所未有的深刻變化，對於戰鬥力的生成和提高產生了前所未有的深刻影響。因此，必須把自主創新作為戰鬥力生成模式轉變的重要因素、構成要素和實現途徑，善於發現新技術對戰鬥力發展的潛在推動力，在全面實現強軍目標的偉大實踐中促進國防科技創新發展。

為適應打贏資訊化與智慧化戰爭要求，著眼有效履行使命任務，就要堅持自主創新的戰略基點，完善科研協同創新機制，打造融合創新平台，全面推進國防科技創新發展。一要把國防科技的薄弱環節作為推進自主創新的主攻方向，同時加大原始性創新力度，著力在一些重要領域和科技前沿掌握關鍵核心技術，努力構建既能使國防科學技術儲備不斷增加、又能使之快速轉化的國防科技創新體系。正確處理重點技術與一般技術、一般技術與專用技術、傳統技術與高新技術的關系，做到統籌兼顧、合理佈局，實現各類技術、各類學科相互支撐、協調發展。二要掌握國防科技創新發展的需求，重點解決科技管理體制、需求生成機制、科學研究計畫體係等面向問題，提昇科研整體效益，形成推動自主創新的強大活力。大力推動技術基礎資源軍民共用分享，建立完善軍民標準化協調機制與技術服務機制。三要健全大學、科研院所、企業、政府的科技協同創新政策制度，最大限度發揮各方面的優勢，著力打造融合創新平台，形成推動國防科技協同創新的整體合力。

實施新時代人才強軍戰略 讓創造活力競相迸發

推進國防科技創新發展，歸根結底要靠高水準人才，如果沒有強大的國防科技人才隊伍，自主創新就是無源之水、無本之木。因此，必須積極適應國防科技創新發展要求，大力打造體系化、高層次的人才培養平台，讓更多高素質、專業化人才競相湧現。

穩固樹立「人才是第一資源」的觀念，堅持把培養人才作為一項重大的政治任務，以識才的慧眼、愛才的真情、聚才的方法、用才的膽略、容才的胸懷，大膽運用策略科學家，支持青年科技人才挑起大樑、擔重任，不斷壯大科技領軍人才隊伍和一流創新團隊。堅持國防科技重大建設工程和人才建設工程一起抓，在重大工程和重大任務實踐中大膽選拔、使用、錘煉各種人才，培養造就新一代科技帥才和領軍人才，把國防科技和裝備領域打造成國家創新人才的高地、人才成長興業的沃土，形成國防科技人才創造活力競相迸發的生動局面。明確國防科技人才的評價方式與標準，完善國防科技人才差異化評價與政策支援機制，建構符合國防科技規律和人才成長規律的評價體系。改革科技管理與人事制度，讓科學研究管理跟上科技創新的步伐，真正為科研人員放開手腳、騰出時間、搭建平台，把科研創新的舞台放心交給他們，讓他們在科研創新中當主角、唱大戲。

科學公平的評價機制對於激勵創新具有根本性的作用。實踐証明，任何一個基礎研究領域的重大突破都離不開長期的積累和多次的失敗，這是科學發展的必然規律。因此，在國防科技和武器裝備科學研究生產過程中，既要鼓勵科學研究人員有奇思妙想，又要寬容其在探索實踐中的失敗。提倡各類科學研究計劃的實施不以論文、專利數量為項目目標，注重原創成果的取得，允許一定的失敗比例。對基礎和前沿技術研究實行同行評價，突顯中長期目標導向和原創價值，著力營造激勵創新的公平競爭環境，下大力氣激活國防科技創新發展的「一池春水」。

全面貫徹實施新時代人才強軍戰略，進一步增強人才隊伍建設活力，最大限度激發國防科技人才的創新動力、充分調動他們的積極性、主動性和創造性。遵循高素質、專業化軍事人才成長規律，營造識才愛才敬才用才的環境，制定競爭激勵和崇尚合作相結合的政策制度，促進人才資源有序流動、合理佈局，為地方人才服務國防科技建設搭建好平台，著力形成人盡其才、盡展其才、才盡其用的良好局面。

（作者係軍事科學院系統工程研究院研究員、博士生導師）

(責編：王之鋒、宋美琪)

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2023/1126/c1011-40125888.html

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Majority of Chinese Military Officers & Soldiers Firmly Emphasize: Seize Historical Opportunity to Build a Strong Network Warfare Capability

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廣大官兵堅定強調：把握歷史機會建構強大網路戰能力

現代英語：

In recent days, the entire army and armed police forces have organized officers and soldiers in various forms to seriously study and discuss the important speech delivered by President Xi at the National Conference on Cybersecurity and Informatization. The officers and soldiers firmly expressed that they must earnestly study and implement the spirit of President Xi’s important speech, keenly seize the historical opportunity of informatization development, strengthen military-civilian integration in the field of cybersecurity and informatization, independently innovate and promote the construction of a cyber power, and make new contributions to winning the decisive battle to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, winning the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

From April 20 to 21, the National Cybersecurity and Informatization Work Conference was held in Beijing. Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and Director of the Central Cybersecurity and Informatization Commission, attended the meeting and delivered an important speech. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Tao

Seize the historical opportunity to build a strong cyber power

——Officers and soldiers of the entire army and armed police force earnestly studied and implemented President Xi’s important speech at the National Conference on Cybersecurity and Informatization

Beijing, April 23 (People’s Liberation Army Daily) – In recent days, the entire army and armed police forces have organized officers and soldiers in various forms to seriously study and discuss the important speech delivered by President Xi at the National Conference on Cybersecurity and Informatization. The officers and soldiers firmly expressed that they must earnestly study and implement the spirit of President Xi’s important speech, keenly seize the historical opportunity of informatization development, strengthen military-civilian integration in the field of cybersecurity and informatization, independently innovate and promote the construction of a cyber power, and make new contributions to winning the decisive battle to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, winning the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

“Informatization has brought a golden opportunity to the Chinese nation.” After studying President Xi’s important speech, the cadres of various departments of the CMC and the theater of operations were full of confidence. Many cadres mentioned in the discussion that President Xi’s important speech, starting from the overall situation of the party and the country, systematically explained the rich connotation of the strategic thinking of building a cyber power, scientifically answered a series of directional, overall, fundamental and strategic issues related to the long-term development of the cyber and information industry, pointed out the direction for grasping the historical opportunities of the information revolution, strengthening network security and informatization, and accelerating the construction of a cyber power, and provided a fundamental guideline, which is of great and far-reaching significance.

On December 25, 2015, when President Xi inspected the PLA Daily, he typed on the Weibo and WeChat publishing platforms of the PLA Daily and sent a Weibo to congratulate all officers and soldiers on the New Year; on the eve of the 2017 Spring Festival, when President Xi inspected the “Great Merit Third Company” of a certain army unit, he stopped in front of an electronic screen and listened to the officers and soldiers’ report on their study and education through the “Learning Barracks” mobile phone APP… President Xi’s concern for the military’s cybersecurity work has inspired the officers and soldiers. Everyone said that the Party Central Committee and President Xi attach great importance to the Internet, the development of the Internet, and the governance of the Internet, and have coordinated major issues involving informatization and cybersecurity in the political, economic, cultural, social, and military fields, made a series of major decisions, and put forward a series of major measures to promote the historic achievements of the cybersecurity cause. Officers and soldiers of a certain brigade of the Rocket Force said that the achievements made in the network construction of our country and the army fully demonstrate that the decisions of the Party Central Committee on strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the Party over cybersecurity work and the series of strategic deployments made for cybersecurity work since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China are completely correct.

In recent years, a certain brigade of the 74th Group Army has closely followed the characteristics of young officers and soldiers and actively explored new models of online political work, which has been welcomed by young officers and soldiers. During the discussion, Luo Yingli, an officer of the Propaganda Section of the brigade, said that we must actively promote innovations in online propaganda concepts, content, forms, methods, and means, grasp the timing and effectiveness, and unite and gather the officers and soldiers with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and work tirelessly to achieve the goal of strengthening the army.

During the study and discussion, Li Kangjun, instructor of the second missile company of the air defense battalion of a brigade of the 75th Group Army, said with deep feeling that the newly revised “Internal Affairs Regulations (Trial)” revised the regulations on the use of mobile phones and the Internet, and added new behavioral norms for military personnel such as online shopping and the use of new media. As soldiers, we must firmly establish a correct view of network security and strictly abide by the relevant regulations of the state and the military. Fan Jianli, political commissar of a brigade of the 80th Group Army, said that we must strengthen the network security protection of information infrastructure, strengthen the construction of network security information coordination mechanisms, means, and platforms, strengthen the construction of emergency command capabilities for network security incidents, and actively develop the network security industry to move the checkpoints forward and prevent problems before they occur.

Whoever masters the Internet will seize the initiative of the times; whoever occupies the commanding heights in informatization will be able to seize the initiative, gain advantages, win security, and win the future. Experts from the Academy of Military Sciences, the National Defense University, and the National University of Defense Technology believe that the integration of military and civilian networks is a key and frontier area of ​​military and civilian integration, and is also the most dynamic and potential area of ​​military and civilian integration. We must seize the historical opportunities of the current information technology revolution and the new military revolution, deeply understand the inherent relationship between productivity and combat effectiveness, the market and the battlefield, grasp the working mechanism and laws of the integration of military and civilian networks, and promote the formation of a pattern of deep integration and development of military and civilian networks with full factors, multiple fields, and high efficiency.

Studying President Xi’s important speech has given leaders at all levels a strong sense of mission and urgency. Leaders of a certain air force brigade of the Eastern Theater Command, a certain armed police unit, and the Shenyang Joint Logistics Support Center said that they should actively adapt to the requirements of informatization, strengthen Internet thinking, and continuously improve their ability to grasp the laws of the Internet, guide online public opinion, control the development of informatization, and ensure network security. The Party Committee of a Red Army Corps of the Xinjiang Military Region has decided to include Internet information work in the Party Committee’s key work plan and important agenda, and use the Internet to solve the problems of “difficult, slow, and complicated work” that officers and soldiers strongly reflect.

Talent is the key to promoting the construction of a cyber power. A scientific and technological personnel of a unit of the Strategic Support Force said that in today’s world, network information technology is developing rapidly and has become a competitive highland for global technological innovation. We must continuously improve our own capabilities and qualities, focus on cutting-edge technologies and key core technologies, and work hard to overcome difficulties. A group of people from the Party Committee of a combat support ship detachment of the South China Sea Fleet said that it is necessary to study and formulate an overall plan for the development of talents in the field of cyber security, promote the reform of the talent development system and mechanism, and let the creative vitality of talents compete and burst out, and their wisdom and talents fully flow.

Informatization brings new opportunities for strengthening the military in the new era. During the study and discussion, the officers and soldiers said that they should firmly establish the idea of ​​information-led and system construction, take positive and proactive actions, unswervingly take informatization as the development direction of the modernization of the military, take the network information system as a starting point, promote the leapfrog development of our military’s informatization construction, and comprehensively improve our military’s system combat capabilities.

(Reporter Zhang Kejin of the PLA Daily, special correspondent Wang Xuechao, correspondents Zheng Guangbin, Li Hengjian, Chen Hongjia, Wan Yongkang, Zhang Qiang, Yu Wenbin, Li Yunfeng, Meng Zhuolin, Li Jiahao, Tan Wenwei, Wang Yuting, Cao Zhiguo, Xu Fengfang, Hou Wei, Chen Zhi, Luo Kunkang, Li Guolin, Ma Yixun, Zhao Lei, Yang Guiliang)

現代國語：

來源：中國軍網綜合作者：張科進 等責任編輯：杜汶紋
2018-04-24

連日來，全軍和武警部隊以各種形式組織官兵認真學習討論習主席在全國網路安全和資訊化工作會議上發表的重要講話。廣大官兵堅定表示，要認真學習貫徹落實習主席的重要講話精神，敏銳抓住資訊化發展的歷史機遇，加強網信領域軍民融合，自主創新推進網絡強國建設，為決勝全面建成小康社會、奪取新時代中國特色社會主義偉大勝利、實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢作出新的貢獻。

4月20日至21日，全國網路安全與資訊化工作會議在北京召開。中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席、中央網路安全和資訊化委員會主任習近平出席會議並發表重要演講。新華社記者 李濤 攝

抓住歷史機會　建設網絡強國

——全軍和武警部隊官兵認真學習貫徹習主席在全國網路安全和資訊化工作會議上的重要講話

解放軍報北京4月23日電 連日來，全軍和武警部隊以各種形式組織官兵認真學習討論習主席在全國網路安全和資訊化工作會議上發表的重要講話。廣大官兵堅定表示，要認真學習貫徹落實習主席的重要講話精神，敏銳抓住資訊化發展的歷史機遇，加強網信領域軍民融合，自主創新推進網絡強國建設，為決勝全面建成小康社會、奪取新時代中國特色社會主義偉大勝利、實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢作出新的貢獻。

「資訊化為中華民族帶來了千載難逢的機會。」學習習主席的重要講話，軍委機關各部門和各戰區機關幹部信心滿懷。許多幹部在討論中談到，習主席的重要講話，從黨和國家事業全局出發，系統闡釋了網絡強國戰略思想的豐富內涵，科學回答了事關信事業長遠發展的一系列方向性、全局性、根本性、戰略性問題，為把握資訊革命歷史機會、加強網路安全和資訊化工作、加速推進網路強國建設指明了前進方向，提供了根本遵循，具有重大而深遠的意義。

2015年12月25日，習主席視察解放軍報社時，在軍報微博微信發布平台敲擊鍵盤，發出一條微博向全軍官兵祝賀新年；2017年春節前夕，習主席視察陸軍某部「大功三連」時，駐足一塊電子螢幕前，聽取官兵透過「學習軍營」手機APP開展學習教育的報告……習主席對軍隊網信工作的關心讓廣大官兵振奮不已。大家表示，黨中央、習主席高度重視互聯網、發展互聯網、治理互聯網，統籌協調涉及政治、經濟、文化、社會、軍事等領域資訊化和網路安全重大議題，做出一系列重大決策、提出一系列重大舉措，推動網信事業取得歷史性成就。火箭軍某旅官兵說，我們國家和軍隊網絡建設取得的成就充分錶明，黨的十八大以來黨中央關於加強黨對網信工作集中統一領導的決策和對網信工作作出的一系列戰略部署是完全正確的。

近年來，第74集團軍某旅緊貼青年官兵特點，積極探索網路政治工作新模式，受到青年官兵歡迎。討論中，該旅宣傳科幹事羅映力說，我們要積極推進網上宣傳理念、內容、形式、方法、手段等創新，把握好時度效，用習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想和黨的十九大精神團結、凝聚廣大官兵，為實現強軍目標不懈奮鬥。

學習討論中，第75集團軍某旅防空營導彈二連指導員李康君深有感觸地談到，新修訂的《內務條令（試行）》修改了移動電話和互聯網使用管理等方面規定，新增了軍人網絡購物、新媒體使用等行為規範。身為軍人，我們要牢固樹立正確的網路安全觀，嚴格遵守國家和軍隊的相關規定。第80集團軍某旅政委範建立說，我們要加強資訊基礎設施網路安全防護，加強網路安全資訊統籌機制、手段、平台建設，加強網路安全事件緊急指揮能力建設，積極發展網路安全產業，做到關口前移，防患於未然。

誰掌握了互聯網，誰就把握住了時代主動權；誰在資訊化上佔據制高點，誰就能夠掌握先機、贏得優勢、贏得安全、贏得未來。軍事科學院、國防大學、國防科技大學的專家認為，網信軍民融合是軍民融合的重點領域與前沿領域，也是軍民融合最具活力與潛力的領域。我們要抓住當前資訊科技變革和新軍事變革的歷史機遇，深刻理解生產力和戰鬥力、市場和戰場的內在關係，把握網信軍民融合的工作機理和規律，推動形成全要素、多領域、高效益的軍民深度融合發展的模式。

學習習主席重要講話，讓各級領導幹部產生了強烈的使命感和緊迫感。東部戰區空軍某旅、武警某部、瀋陽聯勤保障中心等部隊領導表示，要主動適應資訊化要求、強化網路思維，不斷提升對網路規律的掌握能力、對網路輿論的引導能力、對資訊化發展的駕馭能力、對網路安全的保障能力。新疆軍區某紅軍團黨委研究決定，將網信工作納入黨委重點工作計畫和重要議程，用網路解決官兵反映強烈的「辦事難、辦事慢、辦事繁」等議題。

推動網路強國建設，人才是關鍵。戰略支援部隊某部科技人員表示，當今世界，網路資訊科技發展日新月異，成為全球科技創新的競爭高地。我們要不斷提升自身能力素質，瞄準前緣技術和關鍵核心技術集中力量、刻苦攻關。南海艦隊某作戰支援艦支隊黨委一班人表示，要研究制定網信領域人才發展整體規劃，推動人才發展體制機制改革，讓人才的創造活力競相迸發、聰明才智充分湧流。

資訊化為新時代強軍事業帶來新機會。學習討論中，廣大官兵表示，要牢固確立資訊主導、體系建設的思想，積極主動作為，堅定不移把信息化作為軍隊現代化建設發展方向，以網絡信息體系為抓手，推動我軍信息化建設實現跨越式發展，全面提升我軍體係作戰能力。

（解放軍報記者張科進，特約記者汪學潮，通訊員鄭廣斌、李恆劍、陳洪佳、萬永康、張強、餘文彬、李雲峰、蒙卓霖、李佳豪、譚文偉、王雨婷、曹志國、徐風芳、侯偉、陳陟、羅坤康、李果霖、馬藝訓、趙磊、楊貴良）

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.81.cn/2018qgwlaq/2018-04/24/content_8014888.htm

#Information Support Force, Asymmetric Warfare, China Cyber Dilemma in the 21st Century, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Hacker Methodology 中國黑客, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Combat Planning, Command information Systems, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, National Defense and Military Modernization, Strategic Support Forces, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知戰

Chinese Military Exploring Mechanisms of Winning War in the Midst of Global Change and Chaos

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全球變亂中中國軍隊探索戰爭勝利機制

現代英語：

　●As a product of the information age, information warfare embodies some characteristics that are completely different from previous wars, mainly in terms of war background, combat means and methods, etc.

　　●Compared with mechanized warfare, informationized warfare has not changed in its essential attributes such as war being the continuation of politics and its basic laws such as strength being the basis for victory.

　　●To study information warfare, we need to recognize the changes and constants in modern warfare compared with past wars, and explore its winning mechanism through comparison.

　　There are three major changes in information warfare compared to traditional warfare

　　The background conditions of war have changed. The background of information warfare caused by traditional security and non-traditional security has become more complicated. For example, economic globalization has made us interdependent, and both struggle and cooperation between countries have become the norm; conflicts between emerging powers and established powers often emerge; and military actions in any strategic direction may trigger chain reactions in multiple directions and fields.

　　The way of war has changed. Informationized warfare cannot be a formal battle. The boundaries between traditional and non-traditional security, war and non-war are becoming more blurred. Military struggle styles are emerging in an endless stream, and battlefield uncertainty is increasing. An important reason for China’s disastrous defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 was that it was forced to respond and was not fully prepared. Aiming to win future informationized wars, we must adapt to the requirements of the information age, focus on solving practical problems, take the initiative to design wars, and make full preparations, so as to maintain strategic initiative.

　　The means of warfare have changed dramatically. Informatized warfare has more diverse options for using strategic forces to achieve political and military goals. Military struggles are simultaneously carried out in multi-dimensional battlefield spaces such as land, sea, air, space, and power grids, and the role of the invisible battlefield has become more prominent. Whether it is war operations or non-war military operations, they all require large-scale system support, large-area deployment, and big data security.

　　Compared with traditional warfare, information warfare has three things in common:

　　First, the essence of war as the continuation of politics has not changed. War is a complex social and political phenomenon. It is a way for countries or groups of countries, nations, races and social groups to resolve conflicts by force. As a continuation of politics, war is the last resort to resolve conflicts of interest. There is no repeated war in the world, but the nature of war is consistent. Moreover, with the continuous development of world politics and economy, the political purpose of war will become stronger. Therefore, in order to deal with future information warfare, it is necessary to analyze and study the political nature at a deeper level and enhance the pertinence of military struggle preparation.

　　Secondly, the basic laws of war have not changed. The basic laws of war are the essence and inevitable connection between various elements throughout the entire war process. Whether in information warfare or traditional warfare, strength is the basis for victory, and lagging behind means being beaten; in any war, correct strategic guidance is the key to victory; although weapons are an important factor in winning a war, people are always the decisive factor. It is not the equipment that determines the outcome of the war, but the people. After the informationized weapons and equipment are interconnected, interoperable, and interoperable, a small number of commanders and staff can control a large number of dispersed troops and weapons, thereby greatly improving combat effectiveness and command decision-making speed. This phenomenon does not show a decline in the role of people, but rather shows that information warfare requires higher-quality talents to be competent for command positions.

　　Third, the role of war has not changed. Wars are extremely violent, so they often bring serious disasters to social production and people’s lives, hinder social progress, interrupt a country’s development process, and even cause regression. However, if properly planned, the losses of war can be minimized, and it may bring greater development opportunities and benefits to a country.

　　To win the information war, we must grasp three winning mechanisms

　　Only by being ready to fight can we be invincible in the future information war. If we are prepared, we may not fight, but if we are not prepared, we may be passively beaten. The crisis is not terrible, but the terrible thing is that the crisis comes quietly and we are completely unaware of it. Whether the future war will be fought or not does not entirely depend on us, but we must be prepared for military struggle. In recent years, in the face of frequent “hot spots” in the surrounding areas, we have taken the initiative to respond steadily and achieved strategic goals. In the future, my country will still encounter challenges of one kind or another in the process of development. It is urgent to enrich and expand the active defense military strategic thinking, unify the eyes inward and outward, adhere to the bottom line thinking, prepare for war, and create favorable conditions for the country’s peaceful development.

　　Winning the battlefield depends on the organic combination of “soft” and “hard” means. Informationized warfare is a system confrontation, relying on network information systems. The realization of “fast eating slow” depends on the integrated and orderly rapid operation of reconnaissance, early warning, command and control, firepower strikes, and comprehensive support in a multi-dimensional three-dimensional space. Among them, the role of “software” in system combat capability is more prominent. For example, how to solve the problem of difficult target identification: the lack of electronic fingerprint data of enemy aircraft and ship targets makes it impossible to conduct comparative analysis. Without these data, advanced equipment will not be able to fully play its role; how to solve the problem of difficult data transmission: when target information is transmitted to the weapon platform, if the data link loses information, it will be difficult to meet the launch needs of the weapon platform. For example, how to solve the problem of anti-interference? The guidance method of the naval and air force weapon platform is susceptible to interference. If this problem is not solved, it is difficult to hit accurately. The formation of system combat capability requires not only advanced weapons and equipment, but also long-term combat readiness and training accumulation. Informationized warfare must start with “knowing the enemy”. Through long-term and multi-means preparation, the opponent is thoroughly understood, the opponent is digitized, and the opponent’s main combat weapon information is carded, providing guarantees for system confrontation and defeating the enemy.

　　Winning the information war requires national cohesion. The recent local wars are asymmetric warfare with a huge disparity in strength between the two sides. They can also be said to be typical “fighting” wars, rather than evenly matched “fighting” wars. The wars we will face in the future are likely to be “fighting” wars. It is not feasible to use this “fighting” combat theory to guide future wars. In information warfare, people are still the basis for victory. Potential opponents are not afraid of our technological breakthroughs, but they are afraid of our unity. The development of science and technology and the research and development of advanced weapons and equipment require a process. Improving national cohesion often has immediate results. Innovating and developing the theory of people’s war under the new situation is our correct choice. Mobilizing the masses, relying on the masses, and for the masses can win future wars.

　　Editor’s Notes Zhou Feng

　　Seeing through the fog before Napoleon

　　Although Napoleon, known as the “giant of war” in the West, and Clausewitz, the “military saint”, did not have a face-to-face contest, they had several indirect confrontations. On November 9, 1799, the young general Napoleon became the supreme ruler of France and the representative of the capitalist forces in Europe at that time. Subsequently, in order to fight against the counterattack of the feudal forces in Europe, Napoleon organized troops to fight against the anti-French alliance several times. Among them, in the double battle of Jena-Auerstedt in October 1806, Napoleon defeated the fourth anti-French alliance dominated by Russia and Prussia, forcing Prussia to surrender. This battle was also the first time that Napoleon and Clausewitz fought on a mutually hostile battlefield. Clausewitz, 26 years old at the time, was the adjutant of Prince August, a senior general of the Prussian side, and was in his prime. The ever-changing battlefield fighting, especially his own experience of being captured by the French army, became the “grain” of his brewing of the old wine “On War”.

　　A year later, Clausewitz was released. Three years later, Prussia agreed to ally with France. Clausewitz resigned from the army in anger and defected to Russia to fight against France. Tsar Alexander at the time was one of the few staunch anti-French factions in Europe. He once emphasized: “Even if all the bayonets in Europe were concentrated on the Russian border, it would not shake my determination to fight against France!” In 1812, when Napoleon attacked Russia and began to retreat after his defeat in Moscow, Clausewitz, who participated in the war as a Russian cavalry officer, tried hard to chase him and capture him alive. However, Napoleon, who had experienced many battles, still managed to escape unscathed in a mess.

　　Although Clausewitz did not capture Napoleon, he captured his thoughts and revealed the real Napoleon with his pen: Although Napoleon’s military art was superb, everything he did was to safeguard the interests of France, and politics was his first starting point. As for the old emperors of European countries running around to besiege Napoleon, it was also to defend their own ruling status. Politics is the mother of war, and violence cannot be viewed alone under any circumstances. Compared with the concept of “fog of war” proposed later in “On War”, Clausewitz believed that it was more important to examine the fog before the war, including accurately judging the political situation of all parties, understanding the signs of war, weighing whether to fight or not, etc. But no matter how the fog is solved, it is just to solve the problem of seeing the essence through the phenomenon, and what is needed is a bunch of keys: problem awareness, mastering general or special laws and timely intelligence information.

(Source: Liberation Army Daily )

現代國語：

●資訊戰爭作為資訊時代的產物，體現了一些與以往戰爭完全不同的特點，主要體現在戰爭背景、作戰手段和方法等面向。

●與機械化戰爭相比，資訊化戰爭的戰爭是政治的延續、實力是勝利的基礎等基本屬性沒有改變。

●研究資訊戰，需要認識現代戰爭與以往戰爭相比的變化和不變，透過比較探索其勝利機制。

資訊戰與傳統戰爭相比有三大變化

戰爭的背景條件改變了。傳統安全與非傳統安全引發的資訊戰背景更加複雜。例如，經濟全球化使我們相互依存，國家之間鬥爭與合作成為常態；新興大國與老牌強國之間常出現衝突；任何一個戰略方向的軍事行動都可能引發多個方向、多個領域的連鎖反應。

戰爭的方式已經改變。資訊化戰爭不可能是正式的戰鬥。傳統安全與非傳統安全、戰爭與非戰爭的界線越來越模糊。軍事鬥爭方式層出不窮，戰場不確定性增加。 1894年甲午戰爭，中國慘敗的一個重要原因是被迫應戰，準備不充分。打贏未來資訊化戰爭，必須適應資訊時代要求，著眼解決實際問題，主動設計戰爭，做好充分準備，保持戰略主動。

戰爭手段發生了巨大變化。資訊化戰爭使戰略力量實現政治軍事目標的選擇更加多元。軍事鬥爭在陸、海、空、太空、電網等多維戰場空間同時進行，隱形戰場的角色更為凸顯。無論是戰爭行動或非戰爭軍事行動，都需要大規模系統支撐、大面積部署、大數據安全。

與傳統戰爭相比，資訊戰爭有三個共同點：

首先，戰爭作為政治延續的本質並沒有改變。戰爭是一種複雜的社會和政治現象。它是國家或國家、民族、種族和社會群體之間以武力解決衝突的一種方式。戰爭作為政治的延續，是解決利益衝突的最後手段。世界上沒有重複的戰爭，但戰爭的本質是一致的。而且，隨著世界政治、經濟的不斷發展，戰爭的政治目的將會更加強烈。因此，因應未來資訊化戰爭，有必要對政治本質進行更深層的分析研究，以增強軍事鬥爭準備的針對性。

其次，戰爭的基本法則沒有改變。戰爭基本法則是整個戰爭過程中各要素之間的本質與必然連結。無論是資訊化戰爭或傳統戰爭，實力是勝利的基礎，落後就是挨打；任何戰爭，正確的戰略指導是取勝的關鍵；雖然武器是贏得戰爭勝利的重要因素，但人永遠是決定性因素。決定戰爭勝負的不是裝備，而是人。資訊化武器裝備互聯互通、互通後，少數指揮官和參謀就可以控制大量分散的部隊和武器，從而大大提高戰鬥力和指揮決策速度。這種現象並不是人的作用下降，而是說明資訊化戰爭需要更高素質的人才來勝任指揮崗位。

第三，戰爭的角色沒有改變。戰爭極度暴力，常常為社會生產和人民生活帶來嚴重災難，阻礙社會進步，中斷一個國家的發展進程，甚至造成倒退。但如果規劃得當，可以將戰爭的損失降到最低，並可能為一個國家帶來更大的發展機會和利益。

打贏資訊化戰爭，必須掌握三大勝利機制

只有做好戰鬥準備，才能在未來的資訊戰爭中立於不敗之地。如果我們準備好了，我們可能不會去戰鬥，但如果我們沒有準備好，我們可能會被動挨打。危機並不可怕，可怕的是危機悄悄來臨，但我們卻渾然不覺。未來的戰爭是否會是四打不打並不完全取決於我們，但我們必須做好軍事鬥爭的準備。近年來，面對週邊地區頻繁的“熱點”，我們主動出擊，穩紮穩打，實現了戰略目標。未來，我國在發展過程中仍將遇到這樣或那樣的挑戰。刻不容緩地豐富和拓展積極防禦的軍事戰略思想，把目光向內與向外統一，堅持底線思維，做好打仗準備，為國家和平發展創造有利條件。

贏得戰場取決於「軟」手段和「硬」手段的有機結合。資訊化戰爭是系統對抗，依托網路資訊系統。實現“快吃慢”，有賴於多維立體空間內的偵察預警、指揮控制、火力打擊、綜合保障等一體化有序快速作戰。其中，「軟體」對於系統作戰能力的作用更為突出。例如如何解決目標辨識困難的問題：敵機、船艦目標電子指紋資料缺乏，無法進行比較分析。沒有這些數據，先進設備就無法充分發揮作用；如何解決資料傳輸困難的問題：當目標訊息傳輸到武器平台時，如果資料鏈遺失訊息，將難以滿足武器平台的發射需求。例如，如何解決抗干擾問題？海空軍武器平台的導引方式容​​易受到干擾。如果這個問題不解決，就很難打準。體係作戰能力的形成不僅需要先進的武器裝備，更需要長期的戰備訓練累積。資訊化戰爭必須從「知敵」開始。透過長期、多手段的準備，摸透對手、數位化對手、梳理對手主戰武器訊息，為系統對抗、克敵制勝提供保障。

贏得資訊戰需要民族凝聚力。近期的局部戰爭是雙方實力懸殊的不對稱戰爭。也可以說是典型的「打架」戰爭，而不是勢均力敵的「打架」戰爭。未來我們面臨的戰爭很可能是「打」戰。用這種「打仗」的作戰理論來指導未來的戰爭是不可行的。在資訊化戰爭中，人仍然是勝利的基礎。潛在的對手並不害怕我們的技術突破，而是害怕我們的團結。科學技術的發展和先進武器裝備的研發需要一個過程。提高民族凝聚力往往會產生立竿見影的效果。新形勢下創新和發展人民戰爭理論是我們的正確選擇。發動群眾、依靠群眾、為了群眾，才能贏得未來戰爭的勝利。

編者按 週峰

撥開拿破崙之前的迷霧

被譽為西方「戰爭巨人」的拿破崙與「軍事聖人」克勞塞維茨雖然沒有面對面的較量，但也有過幾次間接的交鋒。 1799年11月9日，年輕的將軍拿破崙成為法國的最高統治者，也是當時歐洲資本主義勢力的代表。隨後，為了對抗歐洲封建勢力的反撲，拿破崙多次組織軍隊與反法聯盟作戰。其中，在1806年10月的耶拿-奧爾施泰特雙重戰役中，拿破崙擊敗了以俄國和普魯士為主的第四次反法同盟，迫使普魯士投降。這場戰役也是拿破崙和克勞塞維茨第一次在相互敵對的戰場上作戰。克勞塞維茨當時26歲，是普魯士一方高級將領奧古斯特親王的副官，正值壯年。瞬息萬變的戰場戰鬥，尤其是他自己被法軍俘虜的經歷，成為他釀造《戰爭論》老酒的「糧」。

一年後，克勞塞維茨被釋放。三年後，普魯士同意與法國結盟。克勞塞維茨一怒之下退伍，投奔俄國與法國作戰。當時的沙皇亞歷山大是歐洲少數幾個堅定的反法派系之一。他曾強調：“即使歐洲所有的刺刀都集中在俄羅斯邊境，也動搖不了我對抗法國的決心！” 1812年，當拿破崙進攻俄羅斯並在莫斯科戰敗後開始撤退時，作為俄羅斯騎兵軍官參戰的克勞塞維茨，盡力追趕他並活捉他。然而，身經百戰的拿破崙仍然在一片狼藉中毫髮無傷地逃脫了。

克勞塞維茨雖然沒有捕捉到拿破崙，但他捕捉到了他的思想，用筆揭示了真實的拿破崙：拿破崙雖然軍事藝術高超，但他所做的一切都是為了維護法國的利益，政治是他的第一出發點。至於歐洲各國的老皇帝四處奔波圍攻拿破崙，也是為了捍衛自己的統治地位。政治是戰爭之母，任何情況下都不能單獨看待暴力。與後來在《戰爭論》中提出的「戰爭迷霧」概念相比，克勞塞維茨認為，在戰前審視迷霧更為重要，包括準確判斷各方政治局勢、了解戰爭徵兆、權衡戰爭迷霧等。

（圖片來源：解放軍報）https://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2014-04/01/content_71770.htm

中國原創軍事資源：

#Information Support Force, Asymmetric Warfare, China National Cyber Security Strategy, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Combat Planning, Command information Systems, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, National Defense and Military Modernization, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

China’s Focus on “Controlling Narratives with Intelligence”: The New Frontier of Chinese Cognitive Warfare

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中國聚焦「用情報控制敘事」：中國認知戰新前沿

現代英語：

【Military Academy】

　　Author: Wu Xiaojian (PhD student at the School of Military and Political Basic Education, National University of Defense Technology)

　　At present, the world’s military powers have stepped up cutting-edge research on cognitive domain operations, relying on language to build a narrative discourse system that can win the battlefield, and seek to create asymmetric advantages at the narrative discourse level. Looking to the future, narrative games are playing an increasingly important role in shaping self-interest, conducting cognitive manipulation, and releasing the fog of war. The “weaponization” tendency of its soft power attributes to hard power attributes is becoming increasingly obvious. Against this background, narrative games have become a new frontier for major powers’ cognitive domain operations.

　　The “cognitive” nature of narrative

　　Narrative is the narration of a story, which consists of two parts: “narration” and “story”. The former answers the question of “how to tell”, while the latter is related to “what to tell”. Human attention to narrative began in the field of literature, and then expanded to other fields such as film, television, fine arts, music, and news communication. With the continuous advancement of human cognition, the concept of narrative has been extended to the fields of politics, economy, military, culture, and citizens’ personal lives, from which narrative concepts such as national macro-narrative, social meso-narrative, and individual micro-narrative have been derived. While the narrator tells the story, through the artificial arrangement of narrative person, time, perspective, focus and other strategies, the audience is subtly influenced by the values ​​and ideology behind the story while understanding the story. This is the “cognitive nature” of narrative.

　　The connotations of narrative game are very rich. It covers macro-narratives such as a country’s military thought, military concepts, and military terminology, as well as meso-narratives of agenda setting such as military law, rules of engagement, combat standards, regulations, and war ethics. It also involves micro-narratives such as narratives of war progress and heroic figures in military history and war history.

　　Narratives are to cognition what ammunition is to guns. On the eve of the Iraq War, in order to create a cognitive situation of “just cause”, the United States used a small bottle of “white powder” to fabricate the so-called “weapons of mass destruction” and created the “narrative key” for the US invasion of Iraq. In the current Russia-Ukraine conflict, Russia and Western countries have carried out a high-intensity narrative confrontation, each doing its best to shape a self-interested public opinion situation. At present, Western militaries represented by the United States rely on their discourse hegemony to shape narratives into the “main battlefield” of cognitive domain operations. On the one hand, they actively promote ideological output through the Internet and social media, and on the other hand, they influence the formulation of military strategies and the development of national defense forces in other countries by hyping new weapons and equipment and fresh combat concepts.

　　Narrative Game and Great Power Competition

　　Wars obey politics, and strategies obey policies. Narrative games are ultimately tools for achieving the political goals behind wars. In the process of great power competition in different historical periods, narratives generally serve the overall domestic and foreign affairs of a country, and they use strategic thinking, theoretical concepts, laws and regulations, and political declarations within the macro-political framework that obeys and serves national interests. In the 1930s, the United States enacted the Neutrality Act under the influence of its isolationist foreign policy, but as the threat of fascism grew, especially after Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, its foreign policy took a major turn, changing its previous narrative discourse system of neutrality and declaring war on Japan, which profoundly affected the fate of the United States and reshaped the world’s political landscape. After entering the new century, the United States, based on the political purpose of enhancing its own political and military status and establishing a unilateral order, launched the narrative logic of the so-called “weapons of mass destruction” agenda to provoke the Iraq War, which to a certain extent achieved its political plot.

　　Faced with a complex external environment, it is a necessary measure for major powers to maintain national security by improving their narrative game capabilities that are in line with their national conditions and commensurate with their military strength. At present, the political nature of great power competition has not been weakened by the evolution of war forms, but has been significantly strengthened. Narrative games must follow the strategic policy of obeying and serving the country and the military as the fundamental principle of operations, defend national sovereignty and development interests as the ultimate mission, value offense and defense as the central task, and cognitive competition as the core goal. In peacetime, they should serve as a “mouthpiece” to shape the image of their own military forces, win support, and convey deterrence. In wartime, they should become a “blade” to cooperate with physical strikes to politically and organizationally divide opponents, shake the enemy, and disintegrate the enemy.

　　In today’s world, the fierce competition between major powers has integrated narrative games into the entire process of military cognitive games. Before the military game between major powers, both sides first frequently declare their respective positions and show their will through various channels, convey the justice and necessity of their military struggle, and shape a self-interested situation at the moral and ethical level to gain broad support from the domestic people and the international community; in the process of the game, both sides convey their new progress and achievements in military strategies and tactics, weapons and equipment, combat readiness training and personnel modernization through various means according to the times and circumstances, shape their own dominant position, and cast cognitive fog to cause hesitation, panic and shaken will of the other side’s domestic military and civilians; once the game comes to an end, the winning side will look back on its game process from a grand narrative perspective, and by shaping the image of a winner with both deterrence and affinity, it will demonstrate the winner’s strength and position, and consolidate the victory of the game.

　　Building a powerful military narrative discourse system is the basis for conducting cognitive offensive and defensive operations. Narrative games under the background of great power competition require actively finding the points of convergence between cognitive warfare, public opinion warfare, psychological warfare, etc. in terms of elements, information and cognition. The fierce competition among great powers in the fields of public opinion, psychology, and brain control has given narrative games a broader interpretation space and strategic significance. The core of public opinion warfare is the struggle for narrative dominance, and behind it is the competition for international communication power; psychological warfare is a deep-level confrontation about core values, and narrative provides it with a “script” for interpreting and conveying different values; brain control warfare is a combat style that deeply integrates brain science and artificial intelligence. Narrative provides a powerful weapon for information implantation in the competition for cognitive space such as reading the brain, imitating the brain, and controlling the brain, which directly targets the brain.

　　“Controlling Narration with Intelligence” is on the agenda

　　With the rapid development of science and technology such as cognitive science, computer science, and brain science, and the accelerated evolution of intelligent warfare with ubiquitous intelligence, interconnectedness, human-machine integration, and full-domain collaboration, narrative games have surpassed the traditional scope of “verbal battles” and entered a new era of unbounded generalization, deep integration, and algorithms as king.

　　ChatGPT, which has recently become popular all over the world, further reveals the generalization of “narratives are everywhere” in the intelligent era. The continuous progress of technologies such as natural language processing, video image processing, deep learning, big data analysis, and cloud computing has promoted the rapid development of language intelligence, making text, sound, image, video and other tangible or intangible “language” carriers included in the narrative category, greatly expanding the field of narrative games, and leading the competition of major powers to social life, film and television entertainment, news dissemination, education and teaching, etc. beyond hot conflicts, significantly deepening the complexity of cognitive domain confrontation, and greatly enhancing the full-time, global and interactive nature of multimodal narratives. Narrative games in the context of great power competition include psychological narratives, legal narratives, public opinion narratives, information narratives, etc. Once artificial intelligence is integrated with multi-domain narrative games, its weaponization effectiveness may increase geometrically.

　　In the future, the narrative game under the competition of major powers will be based on powerful algorithms, and its core lies in “controlling narrative with intelligence”, and the “intelligence” of intelligence must be realized by algorithms. For example, through powerful algorithms, big data technology can accurately draw the enemy’s cognitive landscape, and achieve “customized on demand” control of enemy cognition, and induce the enemy to obey our narrative script in an intelligent, precise and detailed way in the game, ensuring that the narrative dominance of the game is firmly controlled by us.

現代國語：

資料來源：光明網-《光明日報》 | 2023年04月30日 06:55
原文標題：「以智駕馭敘」：認知戰的新邊疆
【講武堂】

作者：武嘯劍（國防科技大學軍政基礎教育學院博士研究生）

當前，世界軍事強國紛紛加緊認知域作戰前沿性研究，以語言為依托打造決勝疆場的敘事話語體系，謀求塑造敘事話語層面的非對稱優勢。展望未來，敘事博弈在塑造利己態勢、開展認知操控、釋放戰爭迷霧等方面正扮演著愈發重要的角色，其軟實力屬性向硬實力屬性過渡的「武器化」傾向日漸明顯。在此背景下，敘事博弈成為大國認知域作戰的新邊疆。

敘事的“認知性”

敘事就是對故事的敘述，由「敘述」和「故事」兩部分組成，前者回答「怎麼講」的問題，後者則與「講什麼」有關。人類對敘事的關注始於文學領域，隨後擴展到影視、美術、音樂等藝術領域和新聞傳播等其3他領域。隨著人類認知的不斷進步，敘事的概念延伸到政治、經濟、軍事、文化、公民個人生活等範疇，由此衍生出國家宏觀敘事、社會中觀敘事、個體微觀敘事等敘事概念。敘事者講述故事的同時，透過敘事人稱、時間、視角、聚焦等策略的人為安排，使受眾在理解故事的同時潛移默化地被故事背後的價值觀和意識形態影響，這就是敘事的“認知性” 。

敘事博弈涉及的內涵十分豐富，既涵蓋一國軍事思想、軍事概念、軍事術語等宏觀敘事，也包括軍事法律、交戰規則、作戰標準、條令條例、戰爭倫理等議程設定的中觀敘事，也涉及軍史戰史中的戰爭進程敘事和英雄人物敘事等微觀敘事。

敘事之於認知，好比彈藥之於槍砲。伊拉克戰爭前夕，美國為塑造「師出有名」的認知態勢，借一小瓶「白色粉末」羅織所謂「大規模殺傷性武器」的莫須有之罪，打造了美軍入侵伊拉克的「敘事之鑰」。在這次俄烏衝突中，俄羅斯與西方國家展開了高強度敘事對抗，為塑造利己輿論態勢各盡其能。當前，以美國為代表的西方軍隊依託其掌控的話語霸權，將敘事塑造為認知域作戰的“主戰場”，一方面通過互聯網和社交媒體積極推進意識形態輸出，另一方面通過炒作新型武器裝備和新鮮作戰概念，影響別國軍事戰略制定和國防軍隊建設發展走向。

敘事博弈與大國競爭

戰爭服從政治，戰略服從政略。敘事博弈歸根究底是實現戰爭背後政治目的的工具。在不同歷史時期的大國競爭過程中，敘事在整體上服務於國家內政外交大局，在服從和服務於國家利益的宏觀政治框架內以戰略思想、理論概念、法律法規、政治宣言等形式施展縱橫捭閔之術。在1930年代，美國受孤立主義外交政策影響制定了《中立法》，但隨著法西斯的威脅日漸增長，特別是日本偷襲珍珠港後，其對外政策出現重大轉向，一改以往奉行中立的敘事話語體系並對日宣戰，從而深刻影響了美國國運，重塑了世界政治格局。進入新世紀後，美國從提升自身政治軍事地位、建立單邊主義秩序的政治目的出發，發動所謂「大規模殺傷性武器」議程的敘事邏輯挑起伊拉克戰爭，某種程度上實現了其政治圖謀。

面對錯綜複雜的外在環境，提升符合本國國情且與本國軍事實力地位相稱的敘事博弈能力，是大國維護國家安全的必要舉措。當前，大國競爭的政治屬性並未因為戰爭形態的演進而削弱，反而顯著地加強了。敘事博弈必須以服從服務於國家和軍隊的戰略方針為作戰根本遵循，以捍衛國家主權和發展利益為終極使命，以價值攻防為中心任務，以認知爭奪為核心目標，在平時當好「喉舌「為本國軍事力量塑造形象、爭取支持、傳遞威懾，在戰時成為「刀鋒」配合物理打擊從政治和組織上分化對手、動搖敵人、瓦解敵軍。

當今世界，大國之間的激烈較量已將敘事博弈融入軍事認知博弈的整個流程。大國軍事賽局前，雙方先透過多種管道頻繁宣示各自立場、展現各自意志，向外傳達己方開展軍事鬥爭的正義性必要性，在道義和倫理層面塑造利己態勢，以獲取國內民眾和國際社會的廣泛支持；在博弈進程中，雙方因時因勢透過各種方式向外傳遞各自的軍事戰略戰術、武器裝備、戰備訓練和人員現代化取得的新進展新成就，塑造己方優勢地位，施放認知迷霧造成對方國內軍民猶疑恐慌意志動搖；博弈一旦進入尾聲，勝利一方則以宏大敘事視角回溯其博弈過程，透過塑造威懾力與親和力同在的勝利者形象彰顯勝利者實力地位，鞏固博弈勝利成果。

建構強大的軍事敘事話語體係是開展認知攻防作戰的基礎。大國競爭背景下的敘事博弈，要求積極尋找認知戰與輿論戰、心理戰等彼此在要素、資訊與認知間的契合點。大國較量圍繞著輿論、心理、制腦權等場域開展的激烈角逐，賦予了敘事博弈以更為廣闊的闡釋空間與戰略意義。輿論戰的核心是敘事主導權的爭奪，背後是國際傳播力的較量；心理戰是關於核心價值觀的深層對抗，敘事則為其提供了闡釋和傳遞不同價值觀的「腳本」；制腦權作戰是腦科學與人工智慧深度融合的作戰樣式，敘事為讀腦、類腦、控腦等以大腦為直接目標的認知空間爭奪提供了資訊植入的有力武器。

「以智駕馭敘」提上日程

隨著認知科學、電腦科學、腦科學等科學技術的高速發展，以及智慧泛在、萬物互聯、人機共融、全域協同的智慧化戰爭加速演進，敘事博弈已超越「唇槍舌戰」的傳統範疇，進入無界泛化、深度融合、演算法為王的新時代。

近期風靡全球的ChatGPT，進一步揭示了智慧時代「敘事無所不在」的泛化性。自然語言處理、視訊影像處理、深度學習、大數據分析、雲端運算等技術的不斷進步推動了語言智慧的快速發展，使得文字、聲音、影像、視訊等有形或無形的「語言」載體都被納入到敘事範疇，極大拓展了敘事博弈的發生場域，將大國競爭引向熱衝突以外的社會生活、影視娛樂、新聞傳播、教育教學等方方面面，顯著加深了認知域對抗的複雜程度，極大增強了多模態敘事的全時全域性和互動性。大國競爭背景下的敘事博弈，包括心理敘事、法律敘事、輿論敘事、資訊敘事等，人工智慧一旦與多域敘事博弈融合，就可能使其武器化效能幾何式遞增。

未來，大國競爭下的敘事博弈將以強大算法為依托，其核心在於“以智駕馭敘”，智能之“智”要靠算法實現。例如，透過強大演算法，大數據技術可精準繪製敵方認知圖景，據此實現對敵認知操控的“按需定制”，在博弈中智能化、精準化、細緻化地誘使敵方服從我方敘事腳本，確保博弈的敘事主導權牢牢為我所控。

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.cctv.com/2023/04/30/ARTITYH9OANialt6AQ2BNLC2230430.shtml

#Information Support Force, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Combat Planning, Command information Systems, Cyberspace Adminstration of China 中央網絡安全和信息勇, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊做好戰爭準備, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知戰

China to Promote Modernization of National Security System and Capabilities

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中國將推動國家安全體系與能力現代化

現代英語：

Promoting the modernization of national security system and capabilities
Wang Xiaohong

Promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities is a major strategic deployment made at the 20th CPC National Congress. The Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Modernization with Chinese Characteristics (hereinafter referred to as the Decision), adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, lists the modernization of the national security system and capabilities as a separate part. From the perspective of the overall development of the cause of the Party and the country, it further clarifies the goals, tasks and key measures for promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities in the new era and new journey, further points out the direction for us to do a good job and provides a fundamental guideline. Promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities is an inherent requirement for actively responding to various risks and challenges, serving and safeguarding the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation. It is an inevitable measure to continue writing a new chapter of the two miracles and effectively meet the people’s growing needs for a better life. It is also an objective need to actively adapt to changes in the world, the times, and history, and improve global security governance. We must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, deeply understand the decisive significance of the “two establishments”, enhance the “four consciousnesses”, strengthen the “four self-confidences”, and achieve the “two safeguards”. We must unswervingly implement the overall national security concept, solidly promote the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, effectively prevent and resolve various risks that affect my country’s modernization process, strive to build a safer China at a higher level, and provide strong security guarantees for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization.

1. Unswervingly implement the overall national security concept

The comprehensive national security concept is the national security chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It systematically answers a series of major theoretical and practical questions such as why to safeguard national security, what kind of national security to safeguard, and how to safeguard national security in the new era. It has formed a scientific theoretical system that is systematic, comprehensive, logically rigorous, rich in connotation, and internally unified. It is a powerful ideological weapon and action guide for promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities. It must be studied and understood in depth and resolutely implemented.

(I) Accurately grasp the core essence. The core essence of the overall national security concept is concentrated in the “ten insistences” proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, namely, insisting on the absolute leadership of the Party over national security work, insisting on the national security path with Chinese characteristics, insisting on the people’s security as the purpose, insisting on coordinating development and security, insisting on putting political security in the first place, insisting on coordinating and promoting security in all fields, insisting on putting the prevention and resolution of national security risks in a prominent position, insisting on promoting international common security, insisting on promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, and insisting on strengthening the construction of the national security cadre team. These “ten insistences” are the deepening, expansion and sublimation of our Party’s understanding of the laws of national security work, and profoundly answer the major contemporary issue of how to solve the common security problems faced in the development process of major countries in the new era and the new journey, and deal with the special security problems faced in the critical stage of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. They are both political, theoretical, historical and practical. Among them, insisting on the absolute leadership of the Party over national security work is the “root” and “soul”. We must always adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party over national security work, unswervingly implement the chairmanship responsibility system of the Central National Security Commission, improve the efficient and authoritative national security leadership system, and implement all decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee on national security work without fail.

(II) Accurately grasp the concept of comprehensive security. At present, the connotation and extension of my country’s national security are richer than at any time in history, the time and space scope is wider than at any time in history, and the internal and external factors are more complex than at any time in history. Against this background, the overall national security concept emphasizes the concept of comprehensive security, advocating that national security is comprehensive and systematic security, and is common and holistic security, covering politics, military, territory, economy, finance, culture, society, science and technology, network, food, ecology, resources, nuclear, overseas interests, space, deep sea, polar regions, biology, artificial intelligence, data and many other fields, breaking through the traditional concept of national security, and will continue to enrich with the development of the times and practice. We must always adhere to the overall priority, pay attention to understanding the diversity, relevance and dynamics of national security issues from an overall perspective, build a national security system that integrates security in all fields, and lay a solid foundation for security in all fields.

(III) Accurately grasp the principles and methods. In view of the characteristics of internal and external linkage, cross-domain transmission, and sudden amplification of security issues in the context of globalization and networking, the overall national security concept takes scientific coordination as an important principle and basic method of national security work. At the level of the Party and the state, it emphasizes the coordination of high-quality development and high-level security, pays attention to the synergy between national security work and various economic and social development work, plans and deploys together, and integrates national security into all aspects and links of the overall work of the Party and the state. At the level of national security itself, it emphasizes the coordination of external security and internal security, homeland security and national security, traditional security and non-traditional security, self-security and common security, and coordinates the maintenance and shaping of national security. It is necessary to coordinate development and security, promote the coordinated development and synchronization of all aspects of national security work, and effectively prevent the transmission and superposition of various risks.

II. Make every effort to implement key measures to modernize the national security system and capabilities

The Decision clearly requires that we focus on building a safer China at a higher level, improve the national security system, strengthen the integrated national strategic system, enhance the ability to safeguard national security, innovate the social governance system, mechanism and means, and effectively build a new security pattern. We must study and refine the key tasks deployed in the Decision one by one, and do a good job in promoting their implementation.

(I) Improve the national security system. The national security system is a concentrated reflection of the national security system and its execution capabilities. We must strengthen the coordination mechanism for national security work, improve the security guarantee system in key areas and the coordination and command system for important projects in accordance with the new characteristics and changes in the national security situation, improve the real-time monitoring, graded early warning, rapid verification, and prompt notification mechanisms for major risks across departments, improve the national security review and supervision system, crisis management mechanism, supervision and inspection, and accountability mechanism, and form a systematic synergy and combat effectiveness. We must improve the national security legal system, strategic system, policy system, and risk monitoring and early warning system, actively promote national security legislation in important areas such as space security, deep sea security, and data security, strengthen the inspection and supervision of the implementation of relevant laws and regulations on national security, and improve the level of legalization of national security work; strengthen national security strategic planning and top-level design, optimize the national security strategic guidelines, goals, and medium- and long-term plans, and make good use of various strategic resources and strategic means in a coordinated manner; adhere to the principle of acting according to the times and changing according to the situation, and improve the national security policy system and policy measures in key areas. We must improve the layout of national security forces and build a coordinated and efficient national security protection system. We must advance scientific and technological empowerment of national security, focus on major needs to strengthen research and development of key core technologies, comprehensively enhance the ability of science and technology to maintain and shape national security, and better play the role of scientific and technological innovation in supporting and guaranteeing national security.

(II) Improve the public safety governance mechanism. Public safety is linked to thousands of households on one end and economic and social development on the other end. It is a weathervane for social stability and order. We must adhere to safety first and prevention first, continuously improve the public safety governance mechanism, promote the transformation of the public safety governance model to pre-emptive prevention, and improve the level of public safety governance. We must improve the handling and guarantee system for major public emergencies, improve the emergency command mechanism under the framework of major safety and emergency, enhance the support and guarantee of human, financial and material resources in responding to public emergencies, strengthen the basic emergency foundation and strength at the grassroots level, improve the ability to prevent, reduce and eliminate disasters, and effectively prevent, reduce and eliminate hazards. We must improve the mechanism for the investigation and rectification of production safety risks and the responsibility investigation, strengthen institutionalized and normalized safety supervision, strictly implement the production safety responsibility system, prevent and resolve major safety risks from the source, and resolutely curb the occurrence of major accidents. We must improve the food and drug safety responsibility system, fully implement the main responsibility of enterprises for safety, consolidate the local management responsibility of local governments and the supervision responsibility of relevant departments, strengthen the safety supervision of the whole process and the whole life cycle, crack down on crimes that endanger food and drug safety in accordance with the law, and protect the “safety on the tip of the tongue” of the people. We must improve the biosafety supervision, early warning and prevention system, comprehensively improve the national biosafety governance capabilities, and weave a solid national biosafety protection network. We must strengthen the construction of the network security system, improve the laws and regulations on cyberspace governance, improve the network security level protection, key information infrastructure security protection, data security protection and other systems, prevent and resist cyber attacks, and build a solid network security “firewall”. We must establish an artificial intelligence security supervision system, accelerate the artificial intelligence legislation process, improve the science and technology ethics supervision rules, strengthen hierarchical and classified supervision, strengthen the dynamic analysis, assessment and early warning of relevant risks, and technical breakthroughs to ensure that artificial intelligence always develops in the direction of continuously improving people’s well-being.

(III) Improve the social governance system. Only when the social governance system is scientific and reasonable can national security work achieve twice the result with half the effort. We must adhere to and develop the “Fengqiao Experience” in the new era, improve the urban and rural grassroots governance system that combines self-governance, rule of law, and moral governance under the leadership of the Party organization, improve the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance, and sharing, form a situation of joint governance of problems, joint control of risks, and joint creation of peace, and improve the grassroots governance capacity and level. We must explore the establishment of a unified national population management system. We must adhere to the combination of professionals and the masses, and group prevention and group governance, improve the social work system and mechanism, strengthen party building to lead grassroots governance, strengthen the construction of the social worker team, promote the construction of the volunteer service system, better organize and mobilize the masses, and win the most reliable and solid mass foundation and source of strength for national security work. We must promote the legalization of petition work, focus on the goal of “clear rights and responsibilities, clear bottom line, handling in accordance with the law, good order, and satisfaction of the masses”, give full play to the normative, guarantee and leading role of the “Regulations on Petition Work”, promote the legalization of prevention, acceptance, handling, supervision and accountability, and maintenance of order, and ensure that every appeal of the masses is handled by someone and every appeal of the masses is promoted in accordance with the law. We must accurately grasp the requirements of major risk prevention and control in the city, fully integrate resources and forces, improve the organizational structure and organizational methods of city-level social governance, and enhance the city-level social governance capacity. We must strengthen the functions of public service platforms such as citizen hotlines, promote the docking of platforms such as “12345” and “110”, and improve the management mechanism and normal promotion mechanism of the key items list of “efficiently completing one thing”, so as to achieve diversified service methods, optimized service processes, simplified service materials, and minimized service costs. We must improve the social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanism, and shape a social mentality of self-esteem, self-confidence, rationality, peace, and friendship. We must improve the mechanism for giving full play to the role of family education and family style in grassroots governance. We must deepen the reform of industry associations and chambers of commerce, further stimulate endogenous motivation and vitality, and better play their unique advantages and roles. We must improve the management system of social organizations, strengthen standardized management, expand orderly participation, and promote social organizations to improve service quality and social credibility. We must improve the system of matching the responsibilities, powers, and resources of towns (streets), and strengthen the service management power of towns (streets). We must improve the overall social security prevention and control system, strengthen patrols and controls in key areas and locations, and enhance our control over social security; improve the regular work mechanisms such as cracking down on gangsters and eliminating evil, and severely punish illegal and criminal activities that have been strongly reflected by the masses, such as gang-related and evil-related crimes, telecommunications and Internet fraud, cross-border gambling, gun-related and explosive-related crimes, infringement on the rights and interests of women and children, pornography, gambling, drugs, theft, robbery and fraud, and do our utmost to protect the lives and property of the people.

(IV) Improve the mechanism of foreign-related national security. As more and more Chinese citizens and enterprises go abroad, the status of foreign-related security in the overall national security work is becoming more and more important. We must thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought, actively implement the global security initiative, plan and promote foreign-related national security work with a high position and high standards, strive to create an international environment that is favorable to us, and resolutely defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests. We must establish and improve the coordination mechanism for peripheral security work and promote security cooperation with neighboring countries. We must strengthen the system and mechanism for early warning, prevention and control, and protection of overseas interests and investment risks, establish a legal risk assessment system for foreign-related projects, guide Chinese-funded enterprises to operate overseas in accordance with the law, and enhance the awareness and ability of overseas risk prevention and control; deepen international law enforcement cooperation in the field of security, expand the “circle of friends” for law enforcement and security cooperation, and effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal persons overseas. We must improve the anti-sanction, anti-interference, and anti-“long-arm jurisdiction” mechanisms, strengthen legislation in the field of foreign-related security, and enrich the legal “toolbox”. We must improve the mechanism for safeguarding maritime rights and interests, improve the cross-military and cross-departmental working model, and effectively prevent and resolve major maritime security risks. We must improve the mechanism for participating in global security governance, adhere to the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, safeguard the international system with the United Nations at its core, the international order based on international law, and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, attach importance to the reasonable security concerns of all countries, actively participate in bilateral and multilateral mechanisms under the UN framework, give full play to the role of mechanisms and platforms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, BRICS cooperation, “China + Central Asian Five Countries” and the Global Public Security Cooperation Forum (Lianyungang), promote the building of a balanced, effective and sustainable security architecture, jointly deal with regional disputes and global security issues, and achieve universal and common security.

III. Basic Requirements for Modernizing National Security Systems and Capabilities

To advance the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, we must clarify work requirements, organize scientifically, and advance in a rigorous manner.

(I) Enhance systematic thinking. Promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities is a complex systematic project. We must use systematic thinking to observe the security situation, analyze security issues, and plan security countermeasures. We must be good at observing the general trend and planning major events, see the trees and the forest, strengthen forward-looking thinking, overall planning, strategic layout, and overall promotion, strengthen coordination and efficiency, focus on system integration, break down departmental and local barriers, and promote the coordination and integrated promotion of national security work in all fields and aspects.

(II) Consolidate the grassroots foundation. If the foundation is not solid, the earth will shake. As the modernization of the national security system and capabilities gradually deepens, some basic and deep-seated problems have become increasingly prominent. We must accurately grasp the characteristics of the current situation and tasks, do a solid job of grasping the grassroots, laying the foundation, and benefiting the long-term, strengthen grassroots forces, basic work, and basic capacity building, improve mechanisms, innovate methods, and enrich means in a targeted manner, make great efforts to make up for shortcomings, strengthen weaknesses, and consolidate the foundation, and consolidate the foundation for maintaining national security.

(III) Strengthen publicity and education. Maintaining national security is a just cause. We must not only “do” it unswervingly, but also “say” it with confidence. We must insist on combining centralized publicity and education with regular publicity and education, innovate content, methods and carriers, carry out publicity and education activities that are popular with the people, and extend them to the grassroots, expand to various units, and cover the general public, create a strong atmosphere in which everyone is responsible for national security, and guide the general public to enhance their awareness of national security, assume national security responsibilities, and improve their ability to maintain national security.

(IV) Strengthen the implementation of responsibilities. Maintaining national security is the common responsibility of the whole society. We must overcome the mentality of “waiting, relying on, and asking for help”, take the initiative, take positive actions, clarify responsibilities, refine the division of labor, and form a work pattern of grasping each level and implementing it at each level, so that we have the responsibility to defend the territory, be responsible for the territory, and do our best to defend the territory. Especially for difficult problems, we must carry forward the spirit of nailing down the nails, strengthen research, concentrate on tackling key problems, and ensure breakthroughs. At the same time, we must strengthen communication and coordination, clench our fingers into a fist, take a step forward, leave no gaps, and form a strong synergy that brings together all aspects and levels of the party, government, military, civilians, and academics.

現代國語：

推動國家安全體系和能力現代化
王小洪

推動國家安全體系和能力現代化，是黨的二十大作出的重大戰略部署。黨的二十屆三中全會通過的《中共中央關於進一步全面深化改革、推進中國式現代化的決定》（以下簡稱《決定》），將推進國家安全體系和能力現代化單列一部分，從黨和國家事業發展全局的高度，進一步明確了新時代新征程推進國家安全體系和能力現代化的目標任務、重點舉措，為我們做好工作進一步指明了前進方向、提供了根本遵循。推動國家安全體系和能力現代化，是積極應對各類風險挑戰，服務保障強國建設、民族復興偉業的內在要求，是續寫兩大奇蹟新篇章、有效滿足人民日益增長的美好生活需要的必然舉措，也是主動適應世界變化、時代變化、歷史變化，完善全球安全治理的客觀需求。我們要堅持以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，深入學習貫徹黨的二十屆三中全會精神，深刻領悟「兩個確立」的決定性意義，增強「四個意識」、堅定「四個自信”、做到“兩個維護”，堅定不移貫徹總體國家安全觀，紮實推進國家安全體系和能力現代化，有效防範和化解影響我國現代化進程的各種風險，努力建設更高水平平安中國，為以中國式現代化全面推動強國建設、民族復興偉業提供堅強安全保障。

一、堅定不移貫徹整體國家安全觀

整體國家安全觀是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的國家安全篇，系統回答了新時代為什麼維護國家安全、維護怎樣的國家安全、怎樣維護國家安全等一系列重大理論和實踐問題，形成了系統全面、邏輯嚴密、內涵豐富、內在統一的科學理論體系，是推動國家安全體系和能力現代化的強大思想武器和行動指南，必須深入學習領會、堅決貫徹落實。

（一）準確把握核心要義。總體國家安全觀的核心要義，集中體現為習近平總書記提出的“十個堅持”，即堅持黨對國家安全工作的絕對領導，堅持中國特色國家​​安全道路，堅持以人民安全為宗旨，堅持統籌發展和安全，堅持把政治安全放在首要位置，堅持統籌推進各領域安全，堅持把防範化解國家安全風險擺在突出位置，堅持推進國際共同安全，堅持推進國家安全體系和能力現代化，堅持加強國家安全幹部隊伍建設。這「十個堅持」是我們黨對國家安全工作規律性認識的深化、拓展、昇華，深刻回答了新時代新征程如何既解決好大國發展進程中面臨的共性安全問題、又處理好中華民族偉大復興關鍵階段面臨的特殊安全問題這個重大時代議題，既有政治性、理論性，又有歷史性、實踐性。其中，堅持黨對國家安全工作的絕對領導，是「根」和「魂」。要隨時堅持黨對國家安全工作的集中統一領導，堅定不移貫徹中央國家安全委員會主席負責制，完善高效權威的國家安全領導體制，不折不扣把黨中央關於國家安全工作的各項決策部署落實處。

（二）準確掌握大安全理念。目前，我國國家安全的內涵和外延比歷史上任何時候都要豐富，時空領域比歷史上任何時候都要寬廣，內外因素比歷史上任何時候都要複雜。在此背景下，整體國家安全觀強調的是大安全理念，主張國家安全是全面、系統的安全，是共同、整體的安全，涵蓋政治、軍事、國土、經濟、金融、文化、社會、科技、網路、糧食、生態、資源、核子、海外利益、太空、深海、極地、生物、人工智慧、數據等許多領域，突破了傳統的國家安全觀，並且也將隨著時代和實踐的發展而不斷豐富。要始終堅持整體為要，注重從整體視角認識國家安全問題的多樣性、關聯性和動態性，建構集各領域安全於一體的國家安全體系，築牢各領域安全底線。

（三）準確把握原則法。針對全球化、網路化時代背景下安全問題的內外連動性、跨域傳導性、突變放大性等特點，整體國家安全觀把科學統籌作為國家安全工作的重要原則和基本方法。在黨和國家事業層面，強調統籌高品質發展和高水準安全，注重國家安全工作與經濟社會發展各項工作的協同性，做到一起規劃、一起部署，把國家安全貫穿到黨和國家工作全局各方面各環節。在國家安全本身層面，強調統籌外部安全和內部安全、國土安全和國民安全、傳統安全和非傳統安全、自身安全和共同安全，統籌維護和塑造國家安全。要統籌發展與安全，推動國家安全各方面工作統籌進行、協調同步，有效防範各類風險傳導、疊加。

二、全力抓好推進國家安全體系和能力現代化的重點舉措

《決定》明確要求，聚焦建立更高水準平安中國，健全國家安全體系，強化一體化國家戰略體系，增強維護國家安全能力，創新社會治理體制機制與手段，有效建構新安全格局。我們要對照《決定》部署的各項重點任務，逐一研究細化，抓好推進落實。

（一）健全國家安全體系。國家安全體係是國家安全制度及其執行能力的集中體現。要強化國家安全工作協調機制，根據國家安全情勢新特徵新變化，完善重點領域安全保障體系和重要專案協調指揮體系，健全重大風險跨部門即時監測、分級預警、快速核查、提示通報等機制，健全國家安全審查和監管制度、危機管控機制、督促檢查和責任追究機制等，形成系統性合力和戰鬥力。要改善國家安全法治體系、戰略體系、政策體系、風險監測預警體系，積極推動太空安全、深海安全、資料安全等重要領域國家安全立法，加強對國家安全有關法律法規執行的檢查監督工作，提升國家安全工作法治化程度；加強國家安全戰略規劃與頂層設計，優化國家安全戰略指導方針、目標、中長期規劃，統籌用好各種戰略資源和戰略手段；堅持因時而動、因勢而變，完善國家安全政策體系和重點領域政策措施。要完善國家安全力量佈局，建構連結高效率的國家安全防護體系。要推動國家安全科技賦能，聚焦重大需求加強關鍵核心技術攻關，全面增強科技維護及塑造國家安全能力，更好發揮科技創新對國家安全的支撐保障作用。

（二）完善公共安全治理機制。公共安全一頭連著千家萬戶，一頭連著經濟社會發展，是社會穩定有序的風向標。要堅持安全第一、預防為主，不斷完善公共安全治理機制，推動公共安全治理模式邁向事前預防轉型，提升公共安全治理水準。要健全重大突發公共事件處置保障體系，完善大安全大應急框架下應急指揮機制，增強應對突發公共事件的人力財力物力等各方面支撐保障，強化基層應急基礎和力量，提高防災減災救災能力，有效預防、減輕、消除危害。要完善安全生產風險排除整治與責任倒查機制，加強制度化常態化安全監管，嚴格落實安全生產責任制，從源頭防範化解重大安全風險，堅決遏止重特大事故發生。要完善食品藥品安全責任體系，全面落實企業安全主體責任，壓實地方政府屬地管理責任和有關部門監管責任，強化全流程、全生命週期安全監管，依法打擊危害食品藥品安全犯罪，守護人民群眾“舌尖上的安全」。要健全生物安全監理預警防控體系，全面提升國家生物安全治理能力，織牢國家生物安全防護網。要加強網路安全體制建設，改善網路空間治理法規，健全網路安全等級保護、關鍵資訊基礎設施安全保護、資料安全保護等製度，防範抵禦網路攻擊，築牢網路安全「防火牆」。要建立人工智慧安全監管制度，加速人工智慧立法進程，完善科技倫理監管規則，加強分級分類監管，加強對有關風險的動態分析、評估預警、技術攻堅，確保人工智慧始終朝著不斷增進人民福祉的方向發展。

（三）健全社會治理體系。社會治理體系科學合理，國家安全工作才能事半功倍。要堅持和發展新時代“楓橋經驗”，健全黨組織領導的自治、法治、德治相結合的城鄉基層治理體系，完善共建共治共享的社會治理制度，形成問題聯治、風險聯控、平安聯創的局面，提升基層治理能力與水準。要探討建立全國統一的人口管理制度。要堅持專群結合、群防群治，健全社會工作體制機制，加強黨建引領基層治理，加強社會工作者隊伍建設，推動志願服務體系建設，更好組織群眾、發動群眾，為國家安全工作贏得最可靠、最強的群眾基礎和力量來源。要推廣信訪工作法治化，聚焦「權責明、底數清、依法辦、秩序好、群眾滿意」目標，充分發揮《信訪工作條例》的規範、保障和引領作用，推動預防法治化、受理法治化、辦理法治化、監督追責法治化、維護秩序法治化，確保群眾的每一項訴求都有人辦理、群眾的每一項訴求都依法推進。要精確掌握把重大風險防控化解在市域的要求，充分整合資源力量，完善市域社會治理的組織架構與組織方式，提升市域社會治理能力。要強化市民專線等公共服務平台功能，推動「12345」、「110」等平台對接；健全「高效辦成一件事」重點事項清單管理機制與常態化推展機制，實現辦事方式多元化、辦事流程最優化、辦事材料最簡化、辦事成本最小化。要健全社會心理服務體系與危機介入機制，塑造自尊自信、理性平和、親善友愛的社會心態。要健全發揮家庭家教家風建設在基層治理中作用的機制。要深化產業協會商會改革，進一步激發內生動力與活力，更好發揮獨特優勢與作用。要健全社會組織管理制度，加強規範管理、擴大有序參與，促進社會組織提升服務品質及社會公信力。要健全鄉鎮（街道）職責與權力、資源相符制度，加強鄉鎮（街道）服務管理力量。要完善社會治安整體防控體系，加強重點區域、部位巡防巡控，提升社會治安掌控力；健全掃黑除惡常態化等工作機制，依法嚴懲涉黑涉惡、電信網路詐騙、跨境賭博、涉槍涉爆、侵害婦女兒童權益及黃賭毒、盜搶等民眾反映強烈的違法犯罪活動，全力維護民眾生命財產安全。

（四）完善涉外國家安全機制。隨著我國公民、企業走出去越來越多，涉外安全在國家安全工作全局的地位愈加重要。要深入學習貫徹習近平外交思想，積極實踐全球安全倡議，高站位、高標準謀劃推進涉外國家安全工作，努力創造於我有利的國際環境，堅決捍衛國家主權、安全、發展利益。要建立健全週邊安全工作協調機制，推動同週邊國家安全合作。要強化海外利益及投資風險預警、防控、保護體制機制，建立涉外項目法律風險評估制度，引導中資企業境外依法合規經營，增強海外風險防控意識和能力；深化安全領域國際執法合作，擴大執法安全合作“朋友圈”，有力維護我國公民、法人在海外合法權益。要健全反制裁、反干涉、反「長臂管轄」機制，加強涉外安全領域立法，充實法律「工具箱」。要健全維護海洋權益機制，完善跨軍地、跨部門工作模式，有效防範化解涉海重大安全風險。要完善參與全球安全治理機制，堅持共同、綜合、合作、永續的安全觀，維護以聯合國為核心的國際體系、以國際法為基礎的國際秩序、以聯合國憲章宗旨和原則為基礎的國際關係基本準則，尊重各國主權、領土完整，重視各國合理安全關切，積極參與聯合國框架下的雙多邊機制，發揮上海合作組織、金磚合作、「中國+中亞五國」和全球公共安全合作論壇（連雲港）等機制平台作用，推動建構均衡、有效、永續的安全架構，共同因應區域爭端和全球性安全問題，實現普遍安全、共同安全。

三、推動國家安全體系和能力現代化的基本要求

推動國家安全體系和能力現代化，必須明確工作要求，科學組織、嚴密推進。

（一）增強系統思維。推動國家安全體系和能力現代化，是一項複雜的系統工程。要運用系統思維來觀察安全情勢、分析安全問題、規劃安全對策，善於觀大勢、謀大事，既見樹木、更見森林，加強前瞻性思考、全局性規劃、策略性佈局、整體性推進，強化協同高效、狠抓制度貫通，打破部門及地方壁壘，推動各領域各方面國家安全工作銜接協調、一體推進。

（二）夯實基層基礎。基礎不牢，地動山搖。隨著推動國家安全體系與能力現代化逐步走向深入，一些基礎性、深層的問題愈發凸顯。要準確掌握當前面臨的情勢任務特點，紮實實在做好抓基層、打基礎、利長遠的工作，加強基層力量、基礎工作、基本能力建設，針對性完善機制、創新方法、豐富手段，下大氣力補短板、強弱項、固底板，夯實維護國家安全的根基。

（三）加強宣導教育。維護國家安全是一項正義的事業，不僅要堅定不移地“做”，也要理直氣壯地“說”。要堅持集中性宣傳教育與經常性宣傳教育結合，創新內容、方式和載體，開展人民群眾喜聞樂見的宣傳教育活動，並延伸到基層、拓展到各個單位、覆蓋到廣大群眾，營造國家安全人人有責的濃厚氛圍，引導廣大人民增強國家安全意識、擔當國家安全責任、提升維護國家安全能力。

（四）強化責任落實。維護國家安全是全社會的共同責任。要克服「等靠要」思想，主動擔當、積極作為，明確職責、細化分工，形成一級抓一級、層層抓落實的工作格局，做到守土有責、守土負責、守土盡責。特別是對難點問題，要發揚釘釘子精神，加強研究，集中攻關，確保取得突破。同時，要加強溝通協調、攥指成拳，靠前一步、不留縫隙，形成匯聚黨政軍民學各戰線各方面各層級的強大合力。

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202408/content_6967888.htm

#Information Support Force, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Combat Planning, Command information Systems, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, National Defense and Military Modernization, 中國的情報戰, 中國的耗散戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事分析:認知域作戰的特徵與發展趨勢, 中國軍事應用與比特幣在未來戰爭中的應用, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍事認知域作戰的重點是什麼、重點在哪裡？, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰, 中國軍隊聚焦認知域戰是主攻戰場對抗的新著力點, 元宇宙, 國家網絡空間安全戰略, 國防和軍隊現代化建設, 域作战突出属性, 認知戰, 認知戰

Chinese Military Carries Forward Spirit of Socialist Rule of Law Strengthening Construction of Combat Winning Culture

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中國軍隊弘揚社會主義法治精神加強打贏文化建設

現代英語：

Strengthening the construction of military rule of law culture

■Wang Mei

introduction

President Xi stressed that we should carry forward the spirit of socialist rule of law and strive to cultivate socialist rule of law culture. Military rule of law culture, as an important component of socialist rule of law culture, is the spiritual support for the practice of military rule of law construction, and has important functions such as ideological enlightenment, behavior regulation and cultural nourishment. In the new era and new journey, we should regard strengthening the construction of military rule of law culture as a strategic and basic work for building a military rule of law system with Chinese characteristics, and provide a strong ideological guarantee and spiritual motivation for the in-depth implementation of the strategy of ruling the army by law.

Fully recognize the status and role of military rule of law culture construction

Culture is the product of human thinking and behavior, and in turn shapes human thinking and behavior. Military rule of law culture is an important component of building a military rule of law system with Chinese characteristics, and is also an important guarantee for mobilizing and stimulating the consciousness of military rule of law subjects.

Military rule of law culture is an important component of building a military rule of law system with Chinese characteristics. The military rule of law system with Chinese characteristics consists of a military legal system, a military rule of law implementation system, a military rule of law supervision system, and a military rule of law guarantee system. The military rule of law guarantee system mainly includes military rule of law organizations, military law governance theory, military legal talent teams, and military rule of law culture, providing organizational guarantees, theoretical support, talent support, and cultural nourishment for the construction of military rule of law. Military rule of law culture is closely related to other subsystems in the military rule of law system, and permeates the contents of these subsystems in the form of people, objects, information and other elements. In addition, the rule of law is not only a way of governing the army, but also a value choice, cultural thought, and spiritual power. The rule of law culture of the people’s army is embedded with the value standards of allocating power and responsibility and balancing rights and obligations. It is a culture that demonstrates the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly. To comprehensively promote the rule of law in the army, it is necessary to lead and guide all aspects of the military rule of law construction with the core values ​​of socialism and the core values ​​of contemporary revolutionary soldiers, so that it can better reflect the national value goals, social value orientation, citizen value standards, and military personnel value requirements.

Military rule of law culture is an important guarantee for mobilizing and inspiring the consciousness of military rule of law subjects. Culture is created by people, and in turn cultivates, shapes and changes people, playing a vital role in guiding and supporting the all-round development of people. The realization of the rule of law depends on the foundation and power of the rule of law culture, and on the sincere recognition, sincere support and conscious practice of various subjects. Officers and soldiers are the main body of the army. The construction of the rule of law in the army needs officers and soldiers to promote it, and various laws and regulations need to be implemented by officers and soldiers. Strengthening the construction of military rule of law culture, strengthening officers and soldiers’ belief in and thinking of the rule of law, and improving officers and soldiers’ legal literacy and ability to handle affairs in accordance with the law are important aspects of deepening the rule of law in the army and strict management of the army. Strengthening the construction of military rule of law culture can create a good rule of law environment and establish a clear direction throughout the army that laws must be followed, laws must be strictly enforced, and violations must be punished, so that officers and soldiers always maintain awe of laws and regulations and military discipline, firmly establish the concept that legal red lines cannot be touched and legal bottom lines cannot be crossed, cultivate the habit of using rule of law thinking to think about problems, handle matters, and solve problems, and inspire the enthusiasm, initiative, consciousness and creativity of the majority of military personnel to participate in the construction of military rule of law.

Accurately grasp the contemporary requirements of building a military rule of law culture

To strengthen the construction of military rule of law culture, we should accurately grasp and highlight the basic characteristics of military culture construction, such as its political nature, people-oriented nature, moral nature, practical nature, and innovative nature, adhere to the corresponding work principles and requirements, and ensure that the construction of military rule of law culture is comprehensively guided and always followed.

Highlight the political nature of the construction of military rule of law culture. The rule of law is a way to express and distribute the interests of specific interest groups. The distinct political nature of the construction of military rule of law culture is closely related to and organically unified with the party’s nature and the people’s nature. To strengthen the construction of military rule of law culture, we must adhere to the party’s absolute leadership over the people’s army, thoroughly implement Xi Jinping’s thoughts on strengthening the military, thoroughly implement Xi Jinping’s thoughts on the rule of law and President Xi’s important expositions on ruling the military according to law, deeply understand the decisive significance of the “two establishments”, enhance the “four consciousnesses”, strengthen the “four self-confidences”, and achieve the “two safeguards”, implement the responsibility system of the Chairman of the Military Commission, and ensure that the construction of military rule of law culture is always promoted in the correct political direction.

Highlight the people-oriented nature of the military rule of law culture construction. Military personnel, especially officers and soldiers, are the main body of the military rule of law culture construction. The construction of the military rule of law culture must adhere to the people-centered approach, adhere to the subject status of officers and soldiers, mobilize and stimulate the various cultural needs of officers and soldiers, and provide basic support and create favorable conditions for meeting the needs. By improving the military rule of law system with Chinese characteristics that meets the only fundamental standard of combat effectiveness, we can improve the level of legalization of national defense and military construction, promote the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness and fully release it, and ensure the realization of the fundamental purpose of the people’s army to serve the people wholeheartedly.

Highlight the morality of military rule of law culture construction. “Law brings peace to the world, and virtue nourishes people’s hearts.” A distinctive feature of the rule of law path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is to insist on combining rule of law with rule of virtue, emphasizing that both rule of law and rule of virtue should be grasped with both hands and both hands should be strong. To fully implement the strategy of ruling the military by law, it is necessary to implement moral requirements into the construction of the rule of law, attach importance to the normative role of law, and embody moral concepts through the rule of law; attach importance to the educational role of morality, and nourish the spirit of the rule of law with morality, so as to realize that law and morality complement each other, and rule of law and rule of virtue complement each other.

Highlight the practicality of the construction of military rule of law culture. The process of cultural innovation and development is the process of constantly answering new issues raised by the times and practice. In order to turn the “law on paper” into the real and vivid “law in action” in real life, and to turn the “blueprint” of the construction of military rule of law culture into a real and tangible “high-rise building” in real life, we must pay attention to the unity of knowledge and action, guide and promote through the specific work of the construction of military rule of law culture, and rely on the universal, regular and long-term practice of the construction of military rule of law culture by relevant subjects, so as to guide the majority of military personnel to become loyal advocates, conscious abiders and firm defenders of the military rule of law with Chinese characteristics.

Highlight the innovation of the construction of military rule of law culture. Military rule of law culture is constantly gaining vitality and vigor in the process of evolution, development and continuous innovation. The construction of military rule of law culture should uphold an open and inclusive attitude, fully learn from and absorb the outstanding achievements of human rule of law civilization, and enhance the international influence and voice of the military rule of law culture with Chinese characteristics; adhere to inheritance and development, keep integrity and innovation, rely on the use of new technologies, new platforms, new models and new mechanisms, and continuously develop and prosper, spread and carry forward the military rule of law culture content in China’s excellent traditional military culture and socialist advanced culture, and promote the further creative transformation and innovative development of military rule of law culture.

Ideas and measures to comprehensively strengthen the construction of military rule of law culture

To strengthen the construction of military rule of law culture, we should insist on the coordinated efforts in the construction of military rule of law culture in spiritual form, institutional form, and material form, and effectively adopt ideas and measures that cover both goals and tasks and include implementation paths, and have their own focuses and are mutually integrated.

Strengthen the spiritual form of military rule of law culture. Thought is the forerunner of behavior, and theory is the guide to action. Military law governance theory and military rule of law thinking are both requirements and indicators for the construction of military rule of law culture, and are also important contents of the construction of military rule of law culture. We should strengthen the research on military law governance theory, support it with discipline construction, promote the research and interpretation of the military rule of law system with Chinese characteristics, convince people with thorough theories, and give play to the guiding role of theoretical identification on emotional identification and behavioral identification. We should strengthen the rule of law thinking of military personnel, thoroughly study, publicize and implement Xi Jinping’s thoughts on the rule of law, deepen the rule of law education and training of the entire army, incorporate the goals, objects, system, content and methods of education and training into the track of the rule of law, let the thinking of respecting rules, the thinking of rights and obligations, the thinking of limiting power and governing power, and the thinking of justice and science take root in their minds, and make respecting and practicing the rule of law the way of thinking, working and living of military personnel, especially leading cadres.

Strengthen the military rule of law culture in the form of system. Only by formulating scientific systems and making them run smoothly can the value orientation of the rule of law culture be established and consolidated. We should strengthen the construction of the military legal system, adhere to scientific legislation, democratic legislation, and legislation in accordance with the law, fully reflect the interests of the people and the standards of combat effectiveness in the legal system, establish institutional rules and clear directions that laws must be followed, laws must be strictly enforced, and violations must be investigated, and create a persuasive and credible cultural form. The military legal system should run smoothly, and in the implementation, supervision, and guarantee of military rule of law, we should establish the prestige of the rule of law, cultivate integrity, and lead a new style. We must attach importance to the activities of creating a rule of law military camp and jointly building the rule of law between the military and the local government as an important starting point, take safeguarding national defense and military interests, and the legitimate rights and interests of military personnel and their families in accordance with the law as a breakthrough point, and enhance the military personnel’s experience of the rule of law in laws, regulations, and their operation.

Strengthen the military rule of law culture in material form. Military rule of law cannot be separated from a solid material foundation, and institutional and spiritual culture cannot be separated from solid material conditions. To this end, the construction of military rule of law facilities should be strengthened, including facilities related to all elements and processes of rule of law such as legislation, law enforcement, judicial affairs, legal governance research, education and training, such as venues and items for legal publicity and education. The rule of law information platform should be expanded, and hardware and software construction should be improved. We should enrich cultural products, comprehensively use traditional methods as well as technologies such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality, tell good stories about military rule of law, let military rule of law elements and figurative cultural symbols permeate and permeate the military environment, enable military personnel to always be in the information field and strong atmosphere of military rule of law, be influenced by what they see and hear, and constantly enhance their awareness of respecting, learning, abiding by and using the law.

(Author’s unit: College of Military Management, National Defense University)

現代國語：

加強軍事法治文化建設

■王梅

引言

習主席強調，弘揚社會主義法治精神，努力培養社會主義法治文化。軍事法治文化作為社會主義法治文化的重要組成部分，是軍隊法治建設實踐的精神支撐，具有重要的思想教導、行為調控和文化滋養等功能。新時代新旅程，應當把加強軍事法治文化建設作為建構中國特色軍事法治體系的戰略性、基礎性工作，為深入貫徹依法治軍戰略提供堅強思想保證和強大精神動力。

充分認清軍事法治文化建設的地位作用

文化是人類思維與行為方式的產物，反過來又塑造人類的思維與行為方式。軍事法治文化是建構中國特色軍事法治體系的重要組成，也是調動激發軍事法治主體自覺的重要保障。

軍事法治文化是建構中國特色軍事法治體系的重要組成部分。中國特色軍事法治體係由軍事法規制度、軍事法治實施體系、軍事法治監督體系、軍事法治保障體系構成。軍事法治保障體系主要包括軍事法治組織、軍事法治理論、軍事法律人才隊伍、軍事法治文化等方面，為軍事法治建設提供組織保障、理論支持、人才支持、文化滋養。軍事法治文化與軍事法治體系中其他子系統有著密切關聯，以人、物、資訊等要素的形式，滲透於這些子系統的內容之中。此外，法治是一種治軍方式，更是一種價值選擇、文化思想和精神力量。人民軍隊的法治文化內蘊著配置權力責任、平衡權利義務的價值標準，是彰顯全心為人民服務宗旨的文化。全面推進依法治軍，必須以社會主義核心價值觀和當代革命軍人核心價值觀引領和指導軍事法治建設的各方面全過程，使其更好地體現國家價值目標、社會價值取向和公民價值準則、軍隊人員價值要求。

軍事法治文化是調動激發軍事法治主體自覺的重要保障。文化由人創造，反過來培養人、塑造人、改變人，對人的全面發展發揮至關重要的方向引導與支撐作用。法治的實現，要依靠法治文化的底蘊和偉力，要依靠各種主體的真誠認同、真心擁護和自覺踐行。官兵是部隊主體，部隊法治建設需要官兵推動，各項法規制度要靠官兵落實。加強軍事法治文化建設，強化官兵法治信仰與法治思維，提升官兵法治素養及依法辦事能力，是深入依法治軍從嚴治軍的重要面向。加強軍事法治文化建設，可以營造良好的法治環境，在全軍範圍內立起有法必依、執法必嚴、違法必究的鮮明導向，使官兵始終保持對法律法規和軍規鐵紀的敬畏之心，牢固樹立法律紅線不能觸碰、法律底線不能逾越的觀念，養成運用法治思維想問題、辦事情、解難題的習慣，激發廣大軍隊人員參與軍事法治建設的積極性、主動性、自覺性和創造性。

準確把握軍事法治文化建設的時代要求

加強軍事法治文化建設，應當準確掌握並突顯軍事文化建設的政治性、人民性、道德性、實踐性、創新性等基本特點，堅持相應的工作原則和要求，使軍事法治文化建設全面得到指引，始終有所遵循。

突顯軍事法治文化建設的政治性。法治是特定利益集團利益訴求的表述和分配實現的方式。軍事法治文化建設的鮮明政治性與黨性、人民性是密切關聯和有機統一的。加強軍事法治文化建設，必須堅持黨對人民軍隊的絕對領導，深入貫徹習近平強軍思想，深入貫徹習近平法治思想和習主席關於依法治軍重要論述，深刻領悟「兩個確立」的決定性意義，增強「四個意識」、堅定「四個自信」、做到「兩個維護”，貫徹軍委主席負責制，確保軍事法治文化建設始終沿著正確的政治方向推進。

突顯軍事法治文化建設的人民性。軍隊人員，特別是廣大官兵，是軍事法治文化建設的主體。軍事法治文化建設必須堅持以人民為中心，堅持官兵主體地位，調動激發官兵各種文化需求，並且為滿足需求提供基礎支撐、創造有利條件，通過完善符合戰鬥力這個唯一的根本的標準的中國特色軍事法治體系，提升國防和軍隊建設法治化水平，促進戰鬥力生成提升和充分釋放，確保實現人民軍隊全心全意為人民服務的根本宗旨。

突顯軍事法治文化建設的道德性。 「法安天下，德潤人心。」中國特色社會主義法治之路的一個鮮明特點，就是堅持依法治國和以德治國相結合，強調法治和德治兩手抓、兩手都要硬。全面貫徹依法治軍戰略，要把道德要求貫徹到法治建設中，既重視發揮法律的規範作用，以法治體現道德理念；又重視發揮道德的教化作用，以道德滋養法治精神，從而實現法與德相輔相成、法治與德治相得益彰。

突顯軍事法治文化建設的實踐性。文化創新發展的過程，就是不斷回答時代和實踐所提出的新課題的過程。要使“紙面上的法律”變成現實生活中真實生動的“行動中的法律”，使軍事法治文化建設的“藍圖”變成現實生活中真切可感的“高樓大廈”，必須注重知行合一，通過軍事法治文化建設的具體工作牽引促動，以相關主體普遍、經常、持久的軍事法治文化建設實踐為堅實依托，引導廣大軍隊人員成為中國特色軍事法治的忠實崇尚者、自覺遵守者、堅定捍衛者。

突顯軍事法治文化建設的創新性。軍事法治文化是在演進發展、持續創新中不斷獲得生機和活力的。軍事法治文化建設應秉持開放包容的態度，充分藉鑑吸收人類優秀法治文明成果，提升中國特色軍事法治文化的國際影響力和話語權；堅持繼承發展、守正創新，依托運用新技術、新平台、新模式、新機制，不斷發展繁榮、傳播弘揚中華優秀傳統軍事文化、社會主義先進文化中的軍事法治文化內容，促進軍事法治文化進一步被創造性轉化、創新性發展。

全面加強軍事法治文化建設的思路舉措

加強軍事法治文化建設，應當堅持精神形態的軍事法治文化建設、制度形態的軍事法治文化建設、物質形態的軍事法治文化建設協同發力，切實採用既涵蓋目標任務又包括實現路徑、既各有側重又相互交融的思路舉措。

建強精神形態的軍事法治文化。思想是行為的先導，理論是行動的指南。軍事法治理論與軍事法治思維，既是軍事法治文化建設的要求與指標，也是軍事法治文化建設的重要內容。應當加強軍事法治理論研究，以學科建設為支撐，推進中國特色軍事法治體系化學理化研究闡釋，用透徹的理論說服人，發揮理論認同對情感認同、行為認同的牽引作用。應當強化軍隊人員法治思維，深入學習宣傳貫徹習近平法治思想，深化全軍法治教育訓練，將教育訓練目標、對象、體制、內容和方式等納入法治軌道，讓尊重規則思維、權利義務思維、限權治權思維、正義科學思維等紮根頭腦，使尊崇和踐行法治成為軍隊人員尤其是領導幹部的思維方式、工作方式、生活方式。

建強權形態的軍事法治文化。只有製定科學的製度並使之順暢運行，法治文化的價值取向才能確立和鞏固。應當加強軍事法規制度體系建設，堅持科學立法、民主立法、依法立法，在法規制度中充分體現人民利益和戰鬥力標準，立起有法必依、執法必嚴、違法必究的製度規矩和鮮明導向，塑造具有說服力、可信度的文化形態。應當順暢軍事法規制度運行，在軍事法治實施、監督、保障實踐中樹立法治威信、培植正氣、引領新風。重視以法治軍營創建活動、軍地法治共建活動為重要抓手，將依法維護國防和軍事利益、軍隊人員及其親屬合法權益作為突破口，增進軍隊人員對法規制度及其運行的法治體驗。

建強物質形態的軍事法治文化。軍事法治離不開堅實的物質基礎，制度形態、精神形態的文化離不開堅實的物質條件。為此，應加強軍事法治設施建設，包括與立法、執法、司法、法治理論研究、教育訓練等所有法治要素和流程相關的設施，例如承載法治宣傳教育的場館物品等。應當拓展法治資訊平台，搞好硬體建設和軟件建設。應當豐富文化產品，綜合運用傳統方式及人工智慧、虛擬現實等技術，講好軍事法治故事，讓軍事法治元素和形象化的文化符號滲透充盈於軍營環境，使軍隊人員隨時置身軍事法治的資訊場域和濃厚氛圍，在耳濡目染中受到薰陶，不斷增強尊法學法守法用法的自覺性。

（作者單位：國防大學軍事管理學院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/163106888.html