Category Archives: China’s Military Infratsructure

Create a New Situation for China’s National Defense and Chinese Military Modernization

開創中國國防與軍隊現代化建設新局面

現代英語:

National Defense University Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee is a very important meeting held at a critical period of comprehensively promoting the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization. It focuses on studying and deploying the issues of further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese-style modernization, and makes strategic deployments for continuously deepening national defense and military reforms, drawing a blueprint for the new journey of relaying reforms to strengthen the military and constantly creating a new situation in national defense and military modernization. All levels of the military should earnestly study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, unify their thoughts, wills and actions, and thoroughly implement the strategy of reforming and strengthening the military, so as to provide strong guarantees for achieving the goal of building the army for 100 years as scheduled and basically realizing national defense and military modernization.

Reform is a key move in designing and shaping the future of the military

Reform and opening up are the most prominent features and the most magnificent aura of contemporary China. The military field is the field with the most intense competition and confrontation, and it is also the field with the most innovative vitality and the most need for reform and innovation. Whether a military can possess an unremitting spirit of reform and a pioneering and enterprising spirit of innovation is an important indicator of its ability to win. Deepening the reform of national defense and the military is the only way to strengthen the military. The driving force for strengthening the military lies in reform, the way out lies in reform, and the future also lies in reform.

The strength of the People’s Army comes from reform and innovation, and the victory of the People’s Army comes from reform and innovation. The history of the growth and development of the People’s Army is a history of reform and innovation. From the establishment of a complete set of principles and systems for building the army under the absolute leadership of the Party during the Agrarian Revolution, to the implementation of the policy of streamlining the military during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression; from the establishment of five major field armies during the War of Liberation, to the repeated adjustments to the system and organization after the founding of New China, to the massive reduction of millions of troops in the new era of reform and opening up and socialist modernization… The People’s Army has been fighting and reforming, building and reforming, and has become stronger and stronger. From the “Sixteen-Character Formula” of the Red Army period, to the “Protracted War” of the Anti-Japanese War, from the “Ten Military Principles” of the Liberation War, to the “piecemeal” of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, to the continuous adjustment of military strategic policies after the founding of New China… The People’s Army learned war from war, explored laws from practice, and wrote a vivid chapter of continuous innovation in the art of war leadership in the history of world military. Along the way, reform and innovation have always been an important magic weapon for our army to grow from small to large, from weak to strong, and continuously from victory to victory. Deepening the reform of national defense and the military is the requirement of the times to realize the Chinese Dream and the dream of a strong military, the only way to strengthen the military, and a key move to determine the future of the military. At present, it is a period of hard struggle to achieve the goal of building the army for 100 years. In order to defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests with stronger capabilities and more reliable means, and to provide strategic support for comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization, it is necessary to continue to deepen the reform of national defense and the military.

Only reformers can make progress, and only innovators can become strong. President Xi Jinping stressed that “the new military revolution has provided us with a golden opportunity. We must seize the opportunity and work hard to not only keep up with the trend and the times, but also strive to be at the forefront of the times.” In today’s world, the new military revolution is surging, the intelligent warfare form is gradually showing its true face in the practice of war, and the new military technology and weapons and equipment system are further affecting the rules of war. All these require us to maintain a keen sense of reform and cutting-edge innovative thinking, base ourselves on the actual development of our army, focus on the needs of preparing for war, think deeply about the new force structure and winning logic necessary to win modern wars, rely on reform to continuously optimize the military system, improve the effectiveness of military governance in line with actual combat requirements, and go all out to fight a tough battle to achieve the goal of building the army for the centenary.

Comprehensively deepening reform has achieved great changes in the People’s Army in the new era

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core has, with great political courage and wisdom, pushed forward the theory and practice of reform of socialism with Chinese characteristics to a new breadth and depth. In the new era and new journey, we must insist on deepening reform to gain creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness, and insist on the unchanged direction, unswerving path and unreduced efforts, and continuously push forward the modernization of national defense and the army with better strategies, higher efficiency and faster speed, and resolutely complete the mission and tasks of the new era entrusted by the Party and the people.

Grasp the overall changes in deepening national defense and military reforms. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the People’s Army has adhered to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implemented Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army, and taken the Party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era as its guide. It has comprehensively implemented the strategy of reform and strengthening the army, and has thoroughly resolved the institutional obstacles, structural contradictions, and policy issues that have long constrained national defense and army building, promoted the reform of the leadership and command system, the reform of the scale structure and force composition, and the reform of military policies and systems, and achieved historic achievements in deepening the reform of national defense and the army. The People’s Army has achieved an overall revolutionary reshaping; the new system, structure, pattern, and appearance have made our army’s winning advantage more prominent, its innovative vitality continuously released, and its morale more uplifting. Practice has fully proved that as long as we unswervingly continue to deepen the reform of national defense and the military, we will be able to create a new situation in the modernization of national defense and the military.

Adhere to the ideological guidance of deepening the reform of national defense and the military. President Xi’s series of important strategic thoughts on deepening the reform of national defense and the military, which are directional, fundamental, and overall, have profoundly clarified the contemporary significance, essential attributes, fundamental guidance, goals and tasks, core requirements, important directions, strategic measures, and scientific methods of deepening the reform of national defense and the military. To carry out the reform of national defense and the military to the end, we must adhere to Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military as the general guidance and general compliance, and consistently use Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military to arm the minds of officers and soldiers, further unify thoughts, deepen understanding, and use it to guide reform practice, further work on resolving deep-seated contradictions and problems, promote the implementation of reform arrangements, and realize the determination and intentions of the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission, and President Xi at a high standard.

Advancing national defense and military modernization requires continued reform

President Xi stressed: “On the road ahead, the People’s Army must be brave in reform and good at innovation, and never become rigid or stagnant at any time or under any circumstances.” The People’s Army is a strong backing for national security. The deeper the reform goes, the more it must take responsibility, move forward steadily and courageously, and there must be no slackness or rest. It is necessary to continue to deepen the reform of national defense and the army to provide security guarantees and strategic support for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization.

The cause of strengthening the military is inspiring, and the goal of strengthening the military inspires fighting spirit. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee made strategic arrangements for deepening the implementation of the strategy of reform and strengthening the military. This is not only a call to action for continued reform and attack, but also a drumbeat for determination to strengthen the military. We must focus our efforts on implementing the strategy of reform and strengthening the military, and continuously push forward the cause of strengthening the military in the new era. The mission is imminent, and the goal calls. The goal of strengthening the military depicts the goal map, roadmap and development map for strengthening and revitalizing the military. It is the soul and main line that runs through the deepening of national defense and military reform. The promotion of reform must not deviate from the goal of strengthening the military for a moment or a single moment. The goal of strengthening the military must always be used to measure, regulate and correct, providing a strong impetus for advancing the modernization of national defense and the military.

A strong country must have a strong military, and a strong military must reform. National defense and military modernization are important components of China’s modernization. Further deepening reform and promoting China’s modernization will inevitably put forward new and higher requirements for deepening national defense and military reform. On the one hand, with the increase in the breadth and depth of the practice of China’s modernization, the new progress of comprehensively deepening reform requires our military construction to accelerate and build high quality in improving quality and efficiency. We must uphold the core position of innovation in our military construction and promote national defense and military modernization through reform and innovation. On the other hand, with the practice of modern warfare, especially the militarization of artificial intelligence, the profound changes in the internal mechanism of war and the mode of winning, etc., all require national defense and military reform to seize the opportunity and act in response to the times, and make greater efforts to enhance our military’s joint combat capability based on the network information system and the all-domain combat capability. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee made major strategic arrangements around the continued deepening of national defense and military reforms, and proposed a number of important reform measures involving the optimization and adjustment of systems, mechanisms, and institutions, which are highly contemporary, forward-looking, and targeted. All levels of the military must earnestly study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, focus on improving the leadership and management system and mechanism of the People’s Army, deepen the reform of the joint combat system, deepen cross-military and local reforms, and constantly create a new situation in strengthening and revitalizing the army.

We should follow the general trend of reform and gather strong forces. To thoroughly implement the strategy of reform and strengthening the military, we need unity of purpose and unity of purpose. We should persist in using the Party’s innovative theories to unite our hearts and minds and strengthen our foundations, arm our heads with Xi Jinping’s thoughts on strengthening the military, unify our thoughts and actions with the decisions of the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Xi, and take on the responsibility of thoroughly implementing the strategy of reform and strengthening the military with a high degree of historical consciousness and a strong sense of mission, further consolidate the consensus on reform, strengthen the will to reform, and enhance the confidence in reform. We should focus on summarizing and applying the successful experience of national defense and military reform, deeply grasp the characteristics and laws of reform and strengthening the military, use reform to solve the problems encountered in development, and continuously promote the modernization of national defense and the military to break through obstacles. Party members and cadres in the military, especially leading cadres, must be good promoters and doers of reform, take the lead in tackling tough problems with practical actions, work hard and fast, and make great strides forward in the journey of building a world-class military in an all-round way.

(Written by: Tang Junfeng)

現代國語:

國防大學習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想研究中心

黨的二十屆三中全會是在以中國式現代化全面推進強國建設、民族復興偉業的關鍵時期召開的一次十分重要的會議,重點研究部署進一步全面深化改革、推進中國式現代化問題,對持續深化國防和軍隊改革作出戰略部署,為新征程接力推進改革強軍、不斷開創國防和軍隊現代化新局面繪就了藍圖。全軍各級要認真學習貫徹黨的二十屆三中全會精神,統一思想、統一意志、統一行動,深入實施改革強軍戰略,為如期實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標、基本實現國防和軍隊現代化提供有力保障。

改革是設計和塑造軍隊未來的關鍵一招

改革開放性是當代中國最顯著的特徵、最壯麗的氣象。軍事領域是競爭和對抗最激烈的領域,也是最具創新活力、最需改革創新的領域。能否具備永不停頓的改革精神和開拓進取的創新精神,是衡量一支軍隊打贏能力的重要標志。深化國防和軍隊改革是強軍興軍必由之路,強軍興軍動力在改革,出路在改革,前途也在改革。

人民軍隊的力量來自改革創新,人民軍隊的勝利來自改革創新。人民軍隊成長發展史,就是一部改革創新史。從土地革命戰爭時期創立黨對軍隊絕對領導一整套建軍原則制度,到抗日戰爭時期實行精兵簡政;從解放戰爭時期組建五大野戰軍,到新中國成立後多次調整體制編制,再到改革開放和社會主義現代化建設新時期百萬大裁軍……人民軍隊邊戰邊改,邊建邊改,愈改愈強。從紅軍時期的“十六字訣”,到抗日戰爭時期的“持久戰”,從解放戰爭時期的“十大軍事原則”,到抗美援朝戰爭時期的“零敲牛皮糖”,再到新中國成立後軍事戰略方針的不斷調整……人民軍隊從戰爭中學習戰爭,從實踐中探索規律,在世界軍事史上書寫了戰爭指導藝術不斷創新的生動篇章。一路走來,改革創新始終是我軍從小到大、由弱到強,不斷從勝利走向勝利的重要法寶。深化國防與軍隊改革,是實現中國夢、強軍夢的時代要求,是強軍興軍的必經之路,也是決定軍隊未來的關鍵一招。當前,實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標到了吃勁奮鬥的攻堅期,以更強大的能力、更可靠的手段捍衛國家主權、安全、發展利益,為以中國式現代化全面推進中華民族偉大復興提供戰略支撐,必須持續深化防衛和軍隊改革。

惟改革者進,惟創新者強。習主席強調指出:「新軍事革命為我們提供了千載難逢的機遇,我們要抓住機遇、奮發有為,不僅要趕上潮流、趕上時代,還要力爭走在時代前列。」當今世界,新軍事革命風起雲湧,智慧化戰爭形態在戰爭實踐中漸顯真容,新的軍事技術和武器裝備體系進一步影響戰爭規則,這些都要求我們必須保持敏銳的改革意識、前沿的創新思維,立足我軍發展實際,聚焦備戰打仗需求,深入思考打贏現代戰爭所必需的全新力量結構、制勝邏輯,依靠改革持續優化軍事體系,對標實戰化要求提高軍事治理效能,全力以赴打好實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標攻堅戰。

全面深化改革成就新時代人民軍隊偉大變革

黨的十八大以來,以習近平同志為核心的黨中央以巨大的政治勇氣和智慧,把中國特色社會主義改革理論和改革實踐推進到新的廣度和深度。新時代新征程,必須堅持向深化改革要創造力、凝聚力、戰鬥力,堅持方向不變、道路不偏、力度不減,以更優策略、更高效益、更快速度把國防和軍隊現代化不斷推向前進,堅決完成黨和人民賦予的新時代使命任務。

把握深化國防和軍隊改革的整體性變革。黨的十八屆三中全會以來,人民軍隊堅持以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導,深入貫徹習近平強軍思想,以黨在新時代的強軍目標為引領,全面實施改革強軍戰略,深入破解長期制約國防和軍隊建設的體制性障礙、結構性矛盾、政策性問題,推進領導指揮體制改革、規模結構和力量編成改革、軍事政策制度改革,深化國防和軍隊改革取得歷史性成就,人民軍隊實現整體性革命性重塑;體制一新、結構一新、格局一新、面貌一新,使我軍制勝優勢更加彰顯、創新活力不斷釋放、精神面貌更為昂揚。實踐充分證明,只要堅定不移持續深化國防和軍隊改革,就一定能開創國防和軍隊現代化新局面。

堅持深化國防和軍隊改革的思想引領。習主席關於深化國防和軍隊改革的一系列方向性、根本性、全局性的重要戰略思想,深刻闡明了深化國防和軍隊改革的時代意義、本質屬性、根本引領、目標任務、核心要求、重要指向、戰略舉措和科學方法。把國防和軍隊改革進行到底,必須堅持習近平強軍思想這個總指導總遵循,一以貫之地用習近平強軍思想武裝官兵頭腦,進一步統一思想、深化認識,用以指導改革實踐,進一步向破解深層次矛盾問題發力,推動改革部署落實,高標準實現黨中央、中央軍委會和習主席的決心意圖。

推進國防和軍隊現代化需要持續深化改革

習主席強調:「前進道路上,人民軍隊必須勇於改革、善於創新,任何時候任何情況下都永不僵化、永不停滯。」人民軍隊是國家安全的堅強後盾,改革越到深處,就越要擔當作為、蹄疾步穩、奮勇前進,不能有任何停一停、歇一歇的懈怠。必須持續深化國防和軍隊改革,為以中國式現代化全面推進強國建設、民族復興偉業提供安全保障和戰略支撐。

強軍事業催人奮進,強軍目標激勵鬥志。黨的二十屆三中全會對深入實施改革強軍戰略作出戰略部署,這既是繼續改革攻堅的動員號令,也是矢志強軍的催徵戰鼓。凝心聚力實施改革強軍戰略,把新時代強軍事業不斷推向前進。使命在即,目標召喚。強軍目標描繪了強軍興軍的目標圖、路線圖和展開圖,是貫穿深化國防和軍隊改革的靈魂和主線,推進改革一時一刻、一絲一毫都不能偏離強軍目標,必須始終用強軍目標來衡量、規範和校正,為推進國防和軍隊現代化提供強大動力。

強國必強軍,強軍必改革。國防和軍隊現代化是中國式現代化的重要組成部分。進一步全面深化改革、推進中國式現代化,必然對深化國防和軍隊改革提出新的更高要求。一方面,隨著中國式現代化的實踐廣度和深度的增加,全面深化改革的新進展需要我軍建設在提質增效中跑出加速度、建出高質量。要堅持創新在我軍建設中的核心地位,以改革創新推進國防和軍隊現代化。另一方面,隨著現代戰爭實踐特別是人工智慧的軍事化運用,戰爭內在機理、制勝模式的深刻轉變等,都要求國防和軍隊改革乘勢而為、應時而動,在提升我軍基於網絡資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全域作戰能力等方面下更大功夫。黨的二十屆三中全會圍繞持續深化國防和軍隊改革作出重大戰略部署,提出多項重要改革舉措,涉及體制、機制、制度等方面的優化調整,具有很強的時代性、前瞻性、針對性。全軍各級要認真學習貫徹黨的二十屆三中全會精神,著力完善人民軍隊領導管理體制機制、深化聯合作戰體系改革、深化跨軍地改革,不斷開創強軍興軍新局面。

順應改革大勢,匯聚強大合力。深入實施改革強軍戰略,需要上下齊心、眾志成城。要堅持用黨的創新理論凝心鑄魂、強基固本,用習近平強軍思想武裝頭腦,把思想和行動統一到黨中央、中央軍委和習主席的決策上來,以高度的歷史自覺和強烈的使命擔當深入實施改革強軍戰略,進一步凝聚改革共識、堅定改革意志、增強改革信心。要注重總結運用國防和軍隊改革成功經驗,深入把握改革強軍的特點規律,用改革解決發展中遇到的問題,不斷推動國防和軍隊現代化破障前行。軍隊黨員幹部尤其領導幹部要當好改革的促進派和實干家,以實際行動帶頭攻堅、真抓實幹、緊張快幹,在全面建成世界一流軍隊的征程上闊步前行。

(執筆:湯俊峰)

來源:中國軍網-解放軍報 作者:湯俊峰 責任編輯:張碩 發布:2024-07-29 06:00

中國原創軍事資源:http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16327611888.html

The rationale, theory and philosophy of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening China’s military


習近平強軍思想的理論基礎與哲學思想 

現代英語:

Liu GuangmingDecember 06, 2023 08:21 | Source: 

2023 Issue 12 of “Party Building” Magazine

Among the innovative theories of the Party in the new era, the most brilliant chapter guiding the cause of strengthening the military is Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military. The principles, theories and philosophy of this important thought are an organic and unified whole. Among them, principles are the cornerstone, supporting the basic theoretical framework of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military; theories are the concentrated embodiment of principles in academic theories, supporting the discipline system of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military; philosophy is the sublimation of principles at the philosophical level, supporting the contemporary Chinese Marxist military outlook and methodology contained in Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military.

The main content and basic principles of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military

In early March 2023, an article signed by “Jun Zheng” entitled “Advancing Victoriously under the Guidance of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military” was published in Qiushi and the Liberation Army Daily, which for the first time publicly disclosed the new summary of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military as “eleven clarifications” and defined it as the main content of this important thought, namely: (1) Clarifying that the absolute leadership of the Party over the military is the foundation of the people’s army and the soul of strengthening the army; We must comprehensively strengthen the Party’s leadership and Party building in the military, implement a series of fundamental principles and systems for the Party’s leadership of the military, and ensure that the troops are absolutely loyal, absolutely pure, and absolutely reliable; (2) We must make it clear that a strong country must have a strong military, and that strengthening national defense and a strong people’s army are strategic supports for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the new era. The people’s army must be effective. Fulfill the mission and tasks of the new era; (3) Make it clear that the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era is to build a people’s army that obeys the Party’s command, can win battles, and has a good style of work, to achieve the goal of the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the army by 2027, to basically realize the modernization of national defense and the army by 2035, and to build the people’s army into a world-class army by the middle of this century; (4) Make it clear that the army is prepared to fight , we must focus on being able to fight and win battles, focus on strong enemies, innovate military strategic guidance, develop people’s war strategy and tactics, comprehensively strengthen military training and preparation, firmly and flexibly carry out military struggle, effectively shape the situation, manage crises, contain war, and win wars; (5) Clearly promote the cause of strengthening the military and adhere to the political construction of the army, reform and strengthening the army, science and technology strengthening the army, talent strengthening the army, and rule of law in the army , adhere to the principle of fighting, preparing for war, and building at the same time, pay more attention to focusing on actual combat, innovation-driven, system-building, intensive and efficient, and military-civilian integration, strengthen military governance, promote high-quality development, and comprehensively improve the level of revolutionization, modernization, and regularization; (6) Make it clear that reform is the only way to strengthen the military, and it is necessary to promote the modernization of the military organization and build a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. Improve the socialist military system with Chinese characteristics; (7) Make it clear that science and technology are the core combat power, we must adhere to the strategic basis of independent innovation, promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, coordinate and promote innovation in military theory, technology, organization, management, culture and other aspects, and build an innovative people’s army; (8) Make it clear that the way to strengthen the army is to get people, we must implement the military education policy of the new era and promote the military (9) Make it clear that ruling the military by law is the basic way for our Party to build and govern the military. We must build a military legal system with Chinese characteristics, promote fundamental changes in the way the military is governed, and improve the level of legalization in national defense and military construction. (10) Make it clear that the development of military-civilian integration is the core of the development of the military. It is a move to rejuvenate the country and a strategy to strengthen the military. We must consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities. (11) We must make it clear that good work style is the distinctive feature and political advantage of our military. We must strictly govern the Party and the military in an all-round way, train a strong grassroots in an all-round way, unswervingly rectify work styles, discipline and fight corruption, vigorously promote the glorious traditions and good work style of our Party and our military, and forever maintain the nature, purpose and character of the people’s army.

Deeply understand that “the fundamental focus is to support the great cause of rejuvenation with a strong military.” Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military is fundamentally focused on supporting the great cause of rejuvenation with a strong military. This important proposition is a scientific conclusion drawn by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, which has placed national defense and military construction under the great goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Only by deeply studying and understanding this “fundamental focus” and comprehensively and accurately grasping the far-sighted considerations of the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Xi to support the great cause of rejuvenation with a strong military can we understand Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military from the political and strategic levels. The “second clarification” is an important statement that directly reflects the fundamental focus of “supporting the great cause of rejuvenation with a strong military.” Whether this “support” is effective or not depends on whether we have real world-class military strength. Now, although there are more means and options for maintaining national security, we can use them flexibly and maneuver them in all directions, but we must never forget that military struggle is a strong backing for national political and diplomatic struggles, and military means are always the last resort. We must take the initiative in national rejuvenation into our own hands. While striving for strategic mutual trust, we must work hard to build a world-class military that can compete with powerful enemies. We must then insist on conducting strategic operations based on strong military strength, so that the comprehensive spillover effects of a strong military can be truly brought into play, ensuring that we can achieve national rejuvenation regardless of whether the enemy forces are willing or not and whether the international environment is relaxed or not.

Deeply realize that “the core requirement is to realize the party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era”. Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, the core requirement is to realize the party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era. This is a major conclusion based on “building a strong national defense and a strong people’s army that is commensurate with our country’s international status and consistent with national security and development interests”. The “third clarification” comprehensively explains the goal of strengthening the military. The goal of strengthening the military is the general strategy of our party in building and governing the military in the new era, and provides fundamental guidance for promoting national defense and military construction from a new starting point. Obeying the Party’s command is the soul, determining the political direction of the army’s construction, and is embodied in the “first clarification”; being able to win battles is the core, reflecting the army’s fundamental functions and the fundamental direction of the army’s construction, and is embodied in the “fourth clarification”; having a good work style is the guarantee, related to the nature, purpose, and character of the army, and is embodied in the “eleventh clarification”. These three points embody the guiding ideology and principles of our party’s consistent construction and management of the army, embody the idea of ​​comprehensive construction that unifies revolutionization, modernization, and regularization, and clarifies the focus and emphasis of strengthening the army’s construction. Grasping these three points in building and managing the army is to grasp the key points and play a leading role. The goal of strengthening the military is implemented in the process of national defense and military modernization, and is reflected in the new “three-step” strategic arrangement of successively connecting short-term, medium-term and long-term goals by 2027, 2035 and the middle of this century.

Deeply understand that “practical requirements are to follow the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics”. To successfully advance the cause of strengthening the military in the new era, it is not enough to have the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era. There must also be a correct path to match it, which is the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, practical requirements are to follow the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics. This is a scientific conclusion reached by the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Xi through arduous exploration. From a vertical perspective, the path to a strong military with Chinese characteristics is not only a glorious path full of historical experience and wisdom, but also a path of exploration that is constantly being explored in the process of advancing the practice of a strong military, and a bright path that faces the future and realizes the dream of a strong military; from a horizontal perspective, it is a military development path in the overall layout of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it is parallel, mutually reinforcing, and organically unified with the development paths of our country in the fields of economy, politics, culture, society, and ecological civilization. The “fifth clarification” directly reflects the path to a strong military with Chinese characteristics, and at the same time, the other “clarifications” are also closely related to the path to a strong military with Chinese characteristics. In particular, building the army politically was developed as the “first clarification” and the “eleventh clarification”, strengthening the army through reform was developed as the “sixth clarification”, strengthening the army through science and technology was developed as the “seventh clarification”, strengthening the army through talents was developed as the “eighth clarification”, governing the army according to law was developed as the “ninth clarification”, focusing on actual combat was developed as the “fourth clarification”, and military-civilian integration was developed as the “tenth clarification”.

Learn the profound theoretical content of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military from the dialectical unity of a series of major strategic ideas in the field of national defense and military construction in the new era

Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military did not come out of thin air, but was built on a solid theoretical foundation, embodying the unity of politics and theory. Its correctness lies not only in the correctness of its political direction, but also in the scientific and thorough nature of its theory.

Comprehend the theory in the process of sublimating the practical experience of strengthening the army into ideological theory. The times are the mother of thought, practice is the source of theory, and theory is also constantly clarified and close to the truth under the catalysis of practice. In December 2012, when President Xi visited the Guangzhou Theater, he emphasized that “realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation since modern times. It can be said that this dream is a dream of a strong country, and for the military, it is also a dream of a strong army.” With this as the ideological starting point and logical starting point, President Xi proposed a series of original and major strategic ideas in leading the practice of strengthening the People’s Army, opening up the historical process of the formation and development of Xi Jinping’s thoughts on strengthening the army. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Xi have firmly grasped the strategic needs of national security and development in the new era and the objective basis for the development of a strong military. With a strong sense of worry and crisis, they have examined the historical, contemporary and practical issues of China’s military, adhered to a problem-oriented approach, and focused on building a strong people’s army in the new era. How to build a strong people’s army has profoundly answered the basic questions of the new era, such as “who should command the people’s army and how to forge a strong military spirit”, “why to strengthen the army and how to strengthen the army”, “what kind of war to fight and how to win the war”, etc., so that Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the army has been enriched and improved with the continuous development of China’s military practice in the new era, and the theoretical support of this important thought has been made more solid. Generally speaking, this important thought originated from the profound pursuit of realizing the rejuvenation of a strong country, was formed by providing scientific guidance and fundamental principles for the cause of strengthening the army in the new era, developed from the vigorous practice of solving a series of prominent contradictions and problems, and improved from the systematic and physical construction of its theoretical innovation.

Comprehend the theory through the mutual support and integration of ideological theories in various fields. The “eleven clarifications” of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, from the first “clear” emphasis on the absolute leadership of the Party over the military to the last “clear” emphasis on strict governance of the Party and the military, fully demonstrate our Party’s major strategy of strengthening the military and demonstrating the great ambition and strategy of comprehensively strengthening the Party’s leadership and Party building in the military to lead the modernization of national defense and the military in the new era. Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military covers the party’s absolute leadership over the military, military strategy, war and combat guidance, military modernization, national defense construction and other disciplines. It is a scientific military theory system with rich content, profound thoughts and keeping pace with the times. Regarding the modernization of the military, it is proposed to comprehensively promote the modernization of military theory, military organizational structure, military personnel, and weapons and equipment, accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligence, comprehensively strengthen military governance, and promote the high-quality development of our military; regarding national defense construction, it is proposed to implement the overall national security concept, consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities, strengthen the integrated integration of strategic layout in various fields, the integrated integration of strategic resources, and the integrated use of strategic forces, and build a strong and stable modern border, sea, and air defense; and so on. These new ideas, new viewpoints and new conclusions on related fields have deepened the understanding of the laws of national defense and military construction, the laws of military struggle preparation and the laws of war guidance with a new perspective, and have become the “four pillars” supporting Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military.

Comprehend the theory from the comprehensive penetration and guidance of the distinctive theme of strengthening the army. To construct a scientific theoretical system, we must focus on the theme to plan the layout. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army takes strengthening the army as its theme, which is a natural manifestation of the inherent theoretical logic of this thought in the process of formation and development. The chapters of the main part of the “Outline for Studying Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army (2023 Edition)” are closely related to the theme of strengthening the army, and the subtitle of each chapter begins with “On Strengthening the Army”. Grasping the theme of strengthening the army is mastering the “golden key” to learning and understanding Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army. The main contents of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military, which are “eleven clarifications”, profoundly answer major questions such as the fundamental guarantee, requirements of the times, goals, fundamental orientation, strategic layout, the only way, a powerful engine, fundamental plan, legal guarantee, important support, and unique advantages of strengthening and rejuvenating the military. Each “clarification” is closely linked to strengthening and rejuvenating the military, covering all areas and aspects of military construction, reform and military struggle preparation in the new era, running through the entire process of military force construction and use, and enriching and developing the party’s military guidance theory with systematic innovation and creative sublimation. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military, with the theme of “strengthening and rejuvenating the military”, runs through and guides the construction of the discipline system of the party’s military thought in the new era.

Comprehend the profound philosophy of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military from the military outlook and methodology of the “Five Persistences”

Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military insists on using Marxism to examine contemporary Chinese military issues, profoundly expounds on a series of major relationships, and creatively puts forward the contemporary Chinese Marxist military outlook and methodology of “five insistences”: insist on political leadership, insist on stopping war with force, insist on being proactive and enterprising, insist on overall planning and balancing all aspects, and insist on daring to fight and win. It is a vivid manifestation of the world outlook and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in the military field, and has opened up a new realm of Marxist military dialectics and contemporary Chinese military philosophy.

Understand the relationship between the military and politics from “upholding political guidance”. “Upholding political guidance” emphasizes that the military should obey politics, and that political nature is the essential attribute of the military, which profoundly explains the political nature of military power. In the relationship between the military and politics, the first thing to grasp is that politics determines the military, and political strategy determines strategy. We must unswervingly uphold the party’s absolute leadership over the military, serve the people wholeheartedly, always think about and handle military issues from a political perspective, faithfully perform the mission and tasks entrusted by the party and the people, always listen to the party, follow the party, and always be the people’s soldiers. At the same time, the importance of the military cannot be ignored. Politics determines and leads the military, and the military serves and supports politics. These two aspects complement each other and are organically unified.

Understand the relationship between war and peace from “insisting on stopping war with force”. President Xi pointed out: “Only by being able to fight can we stop war, and only by being prepared to fight can we avoid fighting. The less able we are to fight, the more likely we are to be beaten. This is the dialectic between war and peace.” This important statement scientifically reveals the contradictory characteristics of the mutual connection and mutual transformation between war and peace, and points out that the premise and key to achieving peace is “being able to fight”, and the ultimate way to win peace is “stopping war with war and stopping war with force”. Therefore, we must build military struggle preparations on the basis of coping with the most complex and difficult situations, not fight unprepared battles, grasp strategic initiative, effectively formulate strategies and tactics, and ensure that we can effectively stop war and resolutely win the war.

From “persisting in positive progress”, we can understand the relationship between stability and shaping. First, stability and shaping are mutually conditional: stability is the premise and foundation of shaping. Without stability, shaping is impossible; without positive and enterprising shaping, stability is impossible. Second, stability and shaping promote each other: stability can prevent shaping from “going astray”; shaping can enhance the “new quality” of stability. Therefore, we must insist on putting ourselves first, proceed from reality, give full play to our conscious initiative, be good at taking the initiative, fight proactively, find opportunities in crises and turn crises into opportunities, strive to be proactive and avoid being passive, and strive for all possible victories on a stable and reliable basis.

Understand the relationship between system and efficiency from “adhering to overall planning and balancing considerations”. Dialectical materialism believes that everything is interconnected and interdependent, and the entire world is an interconnected whole and an interactive system. Within the system, the various components coordinate and interact with each other to achieve optimized efficiency. Military practice is full of various complex contradictory movements. Grasping the relevance and mastering the complexity are the basic requirements for promoting military development. The cause of strengthening the military in the new era must be planned and operated as a systematic project. We must implement the overall national security concept, coordinate economic construction and national defense construction, coordinate military struggle and other aspects of the struggle, coordinate major tasks of war preparation, use key breakthroughs to drive overall progress, and improve overall effectiveness through coordination and linkage.

Understand the relationship between people and weapons from “insisting on daring to fight and winning”. In today’s era, with the rapid development of high-tech and the widespread use of new weapons and equipment, the human factor and the weapon factor are becoming more and more closely integrated. Faced with the new changes in the relationship between people and weapons in modern warfare, President Xi Jinping clearly pointed out that “people are the decisive factor in winning wars”, and emphasized that “with the continuous development of military technology, the importance of equipment factors is increasing”. If there is a generation gap in weapons and equipment, it will be difficult to fight. We must attach importance to the factor of weapons. It is not enough to talk about the human factor without weapons and equipment, the basic components of war. Attaching importance to the equipment factor is to attach importance to the human factor. We must carry forward the fighting spirit of not fearing hardship and not fearing death, dare to overcome all difficulties, and dare to overwhelm all enemies.

(Author’s unit: National Defense University’s Research Center for Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era)

(Editors: Wang Zifeng, Wang Keyuan)

現代國語:

在新時代黨的創新理論中,用來指導強軍事業的精彩篇章是習近平強軍思想。這一重要思想的道理學理哲理是有機統一的整體。其中,道理是基石,支撐起習近平強軍思想的基本理論架構﹔學理是道理在學術理論上的集中體現,支撐起習近平強軍思想的學科體系﹔哲理是道理在哲學層面的升華,支撐起習近平強軍思想蘊含的當代中國馬克思主義軍事觀與方法論。

習近平強軍思想的主要內容與基本道理

2023年3月初,「鈞政」署名文章《在習近平強軍思想引領下勝利前進》在《求是》和《解放軍報》發表,首次公開了習近平強軍思想「十一個明確」的新概括,並將其界定為這一重要思想的主要內容,即:(1)明確黨對軍隊絕對領導是人民軍隊建軍之本、強軍之魂,必須全面加強軍隊黨的領導和黨的建設,貫徹黨領導軍隊的一系列根本原則和製度,確保部隊絕對忠誠、絕對純潔、絕對可靠﹔(2)明確強國必須強軍,鞏固國防和強大人民軍隊是新時代堅持發展中國特色社會主義、實現中華民族偉大復興的戰略支撐,人民軍隊必須有效履行新時代使命任務﹔(3)明確黨在新時代的強軍目標是建設一支聽黨指揮、能打勝仗、作風優良的人民軍隊,到2027年實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標,到2035年基本實現國防和軍隊現代化,到本世紀中葉把人民軍隊建成世界一流軍隊﹔(4)明確軍隊是要準備打仗的,必須聚焦能打仗、打勝仗,扭住強敵對手,創新軍事戰略指導,發展人民戰爭戰略戰術,全面加強練兵備戰,堅定靈活開展軍事鬥爭,有效塑造態勢、管控危機、遏制戰爭、打贏戰爭﹔ (5)明確推進強軍事業必須堅持政治建軍、改革強軍、科技強軍、人才強軍、依法治軍,堅持邊鬥爭、邊備戰、邊建設,更加重視聚焦實戰、創新驅動、體系建設、集約高效、軍民融合,加強軍事治理,推動高質量發展,全面提高革命化現代化正規化水平﹔(6)明確改革是強軍的必經之路,必須推進軍隊組織形態現代化,建立中國特色現代軍事力量體系,完善中國特色社會主義軍事制度﹔(7)明確科技是核心戰鬥力,必須堅持自主創新戰略基點,推進高水準科技自立自強,統籌推進軍事理論、技術、組織、管理、文化等各方面創新,建設創新型人民軍隊﹔(8)明確強軍之道要在得人,必須貫徹新時代軍事教育方針,推動軍事人員能力素質、結構佈局、開發管理全面轉型升級,鍛造德才兼備的高素質、專業化新型軍事人才﹔(9)明確依法治軍是我們黨建軍治軍基本方式,必須構建中國特色軍事法治體系,推動治軍方式根本轉變,提高國防及軍隊建設法治化水準﹔(10)明確軍民融合發展是興國之舉、強軍之策,必須鞏固提高一體化國家戰略體系與能力﹔(11)明確作風優良是我軍鮮明特色和政治優勢,必須全面從嚴治黨、全面從嚴治軍,全面鍛造過硬基層,堅定不移正風肅紀反腐,大力弘揚我黨我軍光榮傳統和優良作風,永葆人民軍隊性質、宗旨、本色。

深刻體悟「根本著眼是以強軍支撐強國復興偉業」。習近平強軍思想,根本著眼是以強軍支撐強國復興偉業。這一重大論斷,是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央,把國防和軍隊建設放在實現中華民族偉大復興的大目標下,思考謀劃而得出的科學結論。深入學習領悟這個“根本著眼”,全面準確把握黨中央、中央軍委和習主席以強軍支撐強國復興偉業的深遠考量,才能從政略和戰略層面讀懂習近平強軍思想。 「第二個明確」是直接體現「以強軍支撐強國復興偉業」根本著眼的重要論述。這個「支撐」是否管用頂用,關鍵在於看有沒有實打實的世界級的軍事實力。現在,雖然維護國家安全的手段和選擇增多了,我們可以靈活運用、縱橫捭閔,但千萬不能忘記,軍事鬥爭是國家政治和外交鬥爭的堅強後盾,軍事手段始終是保底的手段。我們必須把強國復興的主動權掌握在自己手中,在爭取戰略互信的同時,努力建設能與強敵相抗衡的世界一流軍隊,進而堅持以強大軍事實力為托底進行戰略運籌,使強軍的綜合性溢出效應真正發揮出來,確保無論敵對勢力是否樂意、國際環境是否寬鬆,我們都能實現強國復興。

深刻體悟「核心要求是實現黨在新時代的強軍目標」。習近平強軍思想,核心要求是實現黨在新時代的強軍目標。這是從「建設同我國國際地位相稱、同國家安全和發展利益相適應的鞏固國防和強大人民軍隊」出發作出的重大論斷。 「第三個明確」全面闡釋了強軍目標。強軍目標是新時代我們黨建軍治軍的總方略,為在新的起點上推進國防和軍隊建設提供了根本指引。聽黨指揮是靈魂,決定軍隊建設的政治方向,集中體現為“第一個明確”﹔能打勝仗是核心,反映軍隊的根本職能和軍隊建設的根本指向,集中體現為“第四個明確” ﹔作風優良是保証,關系軍隊的性質、宗旨、本色,集中體現為「第十一個明確」。這三條體現了我們黨一以貫之的建軍治軍指導思想和方針原則,體現了革命化現代化正規化建設相統一的全面建設思想,明確了加強軍隊建設的聚焦點和著力點。建軍治軍抓住這三條,就抓住了要害,就能起到綱舉目張的作用。強軍目標落實到國防和軍隊現代化進程中,體現為到2027年、2035年、本世紀中葉,近、中、遠目標梯次銜接的新「三步走」戰略安排。

深刻體悟「實踐要求是走中國特色強軍之路」。要勝利推進新時代強軍事業,僅有黨在新時代的強軍目標是不夠的,還必須有與之相匹配的正確道路,這就是中國特色強軍之路。習近平強軍思想,實踐要求是走中國特色強軍之路。這是黨中央、中央軍委和習主席領導全軍經過艱辛探索的科學結論。中國特色強軍之路,從縱向看,既是飽含歷史經驗和智慧的光榮之路,又是在推進強軍實踐中不斷開拓的求索之路,也是面向未來、實現強軍夢的光明之路﹔從橫向來看,是中國特色社會主義事業總體佈局中的軍事發展道路,與我國在經濟、政治、文化、社會、生態文明等領域的發展道路並行展開、交相輝映、有機統一。直接體現中國特色強軍之路的,是“第五個明確”,同時,其他各個“明確”也都與中國特色強軍之路緊密相關。特別是其中的政治建軍展開為“第一個明確”和“第十一個明確”,改革強軍展開為“第六個明確”,科技強軍展開為“第七個明確”,人才強軍展開為“第八個明確”,依法治軍展開為“第九個明確”,聚焦實戰展開為“第四個明確”,軍民融合展開為“第十個明確”。

從新時代國防與軍隊建設領域一系列重大戰略思想的辯証統一中領悟習近平強軍思想的厚實學理

習近平強軍思想,不是憑空冒出來的,而是建立在堅實的學理基礎之上,體現了政治性與學理性的統一,其正確性,既在於政治方向的正確性,也在於學理的科學性、徹底性。

在強軍實踐經驗向思想理論升華的進程中領悟學理。時代是思想之母,實踐是理論之源,學理也是在實踐的催化下不斷明晰並貼近真理。 2012年12月,習主席在廣州戰區考察時強調,“實現中華民族偉大復興,是中華民族近代以來最偉大的夢想。可以說,這個夢想是強國夢,對軍隊來說,也是強軍夢” 。以此為思想發端和邏輯起點,習主席在領航人民軍隊的強軍實踐中提出一系列原創性重大戰略思想,開啟了習近平強軍思想形成和發展的歷史進程。黨的十八大以來,黨中央、中央軍委和習主席牢牢把握新時代國家安全與發展的戰略需求和強軍事業發展的客觀基點,以強烈的憂患意識和危機意識審視中國軍事的歷史之問、時代之問、實踐之問,堅持問題導向,圍繞新時代建立一支什麼樣的強大人民軍隊、怎樣建設強大人民軍隊,深刻回答了新時代「人民軍隊聽誰指揮、怎樣鑄牢軍魂」「為什麼強軍、怎樣強軍」「打什麼仗、怎樣打勝仗」等基本問題,使習近平強軍思想隨著新時代中國軍事實踐的不斷發展而豐富完善,也使這一重要思想的學理支撐更加堅實。整體來看,這一重要思想發軔於對實現強國復興的深沉追求,形成於為新時代強軍事業提供科學指引和根本遵循,發展於破解一系列突出矛盾問題的壯闊實踐,完善於其理論創新的體系化學理化構建。

在各領域思想理論的相互支撐與契合融通中領悟學理。習近平強軍思想的“十一個明確”,從第一個“明確”強調黨對軍隊絕對領導,到最後一個“明確”強調全面從嚴治黨、全面從嚴治軍,全面展現了我們黨強軍興軍的重大方略,彰顯了以全面加強軍隊黨的領導和黨的建設統領新時代國防和軍隊現代化建設的大氣魄大戰略。習近平強軍思想涵括了黨對軍隊絕對領導、軍事戰略、戰爭和作戰指導、軍隊現代化、國防建設等學科內容,是內涵豐富、思想深邃、與時俱進的科學軍事理論體系。關於軍隊現代化,提出全面推進軍事理論、軍隊組織形態、軍事人員、武器裝備現代化,加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展,全面加強軍事治理,推動我軍高質量發展﹔關於國防建設,提出貫徹總體國家安全觀,鞏固提高一體化國家戰略體系與能力,加強各領域戰略佈局一體融合、戰略資源一體整合、戰略力量一體運用,建設強大穩固的現代邊海空防﹔等等。這些對相關領域提出的一系列新思想新觀點新論斷,以全新視野深化了對國防和軍隊建設規律、軍事鬥爭準備規律、戰爭指導規律的認識,成為支撐習近平強軍思想的「四樑八柱」。

從強軍興軍這個鮮明主題的全面貫通引領中領悟學理。建構一個科學的理論體系,必須著眼主題來謀篇佈局。習近平強軍思想以強軍興軍為主題,是這一思想在形成與發展過程中內在理論邏輯的自然體現。 《習近平強軍思想學習綱要(2023年版)》主體部分的各章節緊扣強軍興軍這個主題,其中每一章的副標題都是以「關於強軍興軍的」打頭。掌握住強軍興軍這個主題,就掌握了學習理解習近平強軍思想的「金鑰匙」。習近平強軍思想「十一個明確」的主要內容,深刻回答了強軍興軍的根本保証、時代要求、奮鬥目標、根本指向、戰略佈局、必由之路、強大引擎、根本大計、法治保障、重要依托、特有優勢等重大問題,每一個「明確」都緊扣強軍興軍來展開,涵蓋新時代軍隊建設、改革和軍事鬥爭準備各領域各方面,貫通軍事力量建設和運用全過程,以體系性創新、創造性升華豐富發展了黨的軍事指導理論。習近平強軍思想以「強軍興軍」這個主題貫通引領新時代黨的軍事思想的學科體系建設。

從「五個堅持」的軍事觀和方法論中領悟習近平強軍思想的精深哲理

習近平強軍思想,堅持用馬克思主義審視當代中國軍事問題,深刻闡述一系列重大關系,創造性提出「五個堅持」的當代中國馬克思主義軍事觀和方法論:堅持政治引領、堅持以武止戈、堅持積極進取、堅持統籌兼顧、堅持敢打必勝,是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的世界觀和方法論在軍事領域的生動體現,開拓了馬克思主義軍事辯証法和當代中國軍事哲學新境界。

從「堅持政治引領」中領悟軍事與政治的相互關系。 “堅持政治引領”,強調軍事服從政治,政治性是軍隊的本質屬性,深刻闡明了軍事力量的政治本質。在軍事與政治的相互關系中,首先要把握的是政治決定軍事、政略決定戰略,必須毫不動搖堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導,全心全意為人民服務,始終從政治高度思考和處理軍事問題,忠實履行黨和人民賦予的使命任務,永遠聽黨話、跟黨走,永遠做人民子弟兵。同時,也不能忽視軍事的重要性。政治決定軍事、引領軍事,軍事服務政治、支撐政治,這兩個面向相輔相成、有機統一。

從「堅持以武止戈」領悟戰爭與和平的相互關系。習主席指出:「能戰方能止戰,準備打才可能不必打,越不能打越可能挨打,這就是戰爭與和平的辯証法。」這一重要論述,科學揭示了戰爭與和平相互聯繫、相互轉化的矛盾特徵,指明了實現和平的前提和關鍵是“能戰”,贏得和平的最後途徑是“以戰止戰、以武止戈”。因此,要把軍事鬥爭準備建立在應對最復雜最困難的基礎上,不打無準備之仗,掌握戰略主動、有效制定戰略戰術,確保有力懾止戰爭、堅決打贏戰爭。

從「堅持積極進取」領悟穩局與塑勢的相互關系。一是穩局和塑勢互為條件:穩局是塑勢的前提和基礎,立足未穩就不可能塑勢﹔離開了積極進取的塑勢,想穩也穩不住。二是穩局和塑勢互相促進:穩局可以防止塑勢「劍走偏鋒」﹔塑勢可以提升穩局的「新質」。因此,要堅持以我為主,從實際出發,充分發揮自覺能動性,善於下先手棋、打主動仗,善於危中尋機、化危為機,力爭主動、力避被動,在穩當可靠基礎上爭取一切可能的勝利。

從「堅持統籌兼顧」領悟系統與效能的相互關系。唯物辯証法認為,萬事萬物是相互聯繫、相互依存的,整個世界是相互聯繫的整體,也是相互作用的系統。在系統內部,各組成部分之間相互協調、相互作用,實現效能優化。軍事實踐充滿各種複雜矛盾運動,把握關聯性、駕馭複雜性是推動軍事發展的基本要求,必須把新時代強軍事業作為系統工程來謀劃和運籌。要貫徹總體國家安全觀,統籌經濟建設和國防建設,統籌軍事鬥爭和其他方面鬥爭,統籌戰建備重大任務,以重點突破帶動整體推進,以協調聯動提高綜合效能。

從「堅持敢打必勝」領悟人與武器的相互關系。在當今時代,隨著高新技術的快速發展以及新式武器裝備的廣泛使用,人的因素和武器因素結合得越來越緊密。面對現代戰爭中人與武器關系的新變化,習主席明確指出,“在戰爭制勝問題上,人是決定因素”,同時強調“隨著軍事技術不斷發展,裝備因素的重要性在上升”。如果武器裝備上有代差,仗就很難打了。要重視武器的因素,脫離了武器裝備這個戰爭的基本構件來講人的因素是不行的。重視裝備因素也就是重視人的因素。要發揚一不怕苦、二不怕死的戰鬥精神,敢於戰勝一切困難,敢於壓倒一切敵人。

(作者單位:國防大學習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想研究中心)

(責編:王珂園)

中國原創軍事資源:http://ztjy.people.cn/BIG5/n1/2023/1206/c457340-40132768.html

China’s Military Accelerating Integrated Development of Mechanization, Informatization and Intelligentization

我軍加速機械化、資訊化、智慧化融合發展

中国军网 国防部网

2020年11月25日 星期三

現代英語:

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee made new and comprehensive arrangements for national defense and military construction, aimed at achieving the goal of the centenary of the founding of the army, and clearly put forward the contemporary requirements and strategic measures for accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. Forging ahead on a new journey, focusing on accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, seizing opportunities, responding to challenges, and taking advantage of the situation are of great significance for accelerating the modernization of national defense and the army and comprehensively improving the ability to prepare for war in the new era.

Recognize the necessity of accelerating the integration of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

Those who follow the trend will win, and those who control the trend will prevail. At present, the new round of scientific and technological revolution is showing a strong trend of intelligent technology leading the way, pushing the world’s new military revolution to develop in depth. The trend of intelligent weapons and equipment is obvious, and the superposition and aggregation effect with mechanization and informatization is prominent. The war form is accelerating from mechanization to informatization, entering the stage of giving birth to intelligent warfare. It is the development and change of the times that has made the acceleration of the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence become the general trend and powerful driving force for promoting the in-depth development of military transformation, and the inevitable choice to ensure winning the initiative, winning advantages and winning the future.

Comply with the trend of the world’s military revolution. At present, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology is increasingly having a subversive impact on the field of war and combat. Seizing the strategic commanding heights of artificial intelligence and accelerating the development of artificial intelligence militarization and practical combat have become the strategic frontiers of military competition among major countries in the world. Increasing the intensity of military application of artificial intelligence technology, realizing the deep transformation and comprehensive upgrading of mechanized and informationized combat equipment, embedding artificial intelligence systems into the informationized combat command chain and action chain, and making the combat force organization more modular and integrated through intelligent transformation are the common practices of the world’s military powers in seeking new military advantages. Whether it is possible to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, especially to fully release the efficiency expansion of intelligence on mechanization and informatization, so that platform operations, system operations and precision operations can obtain higher quality and efficient intelligent support, is undoubtedly a key to whether the strategic initiative of military competition can be firmly grasped.

The need to comprehensively improve the level of modernization. Modernization has a distinct timeliness, and the requirements of the times are the key measure to measure the degree of modernization of a country and an army. Today, we are entering a stage where intelligence is the core driving force of change. The integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is not only an important symbol of the level of modernization of the country and the army, but also a fundamental measure to promote the modernization of national defense and the army. To accelerate the modernization of military theory, military organizational form, military personnel and weapons and equipment, we need to obtain a powerful engine and support for reform and innovation, transformation and upgrading, quality improvement and efficiency increase from the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, and in a certain sense, it plays an important role in determining the direction, mode and path of modernization. Only by accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, and making it run through all aspects of the whole process of promoting modernization, and promoting quality change, efficiency change and power change from a high starting point, can we comprehensively improve the level of national defense and military modernization.

The need to accelerate the transformation of combat effectiveness generation mode. The generation of combat effectiveness, from the combination of people and weapons to the element structure and the way of force release, has its mandatory era orientation and positioning. With the advent of the era of intelligent warfare, unmanned intelligent warfare has become a key factor affecting the direction of the war and even the outcome of the war. Intelligent technology and equipment have become a multiplier of mechanized and informationized combat effectiveness. Accelerating the development of military intelligence has become the strategic focus of improving the combat capability of the system and building new domains and new qualities of combat forces, making the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness increasingly dependent on the level of integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. Only by incorporating the transformation of combat effectiveness generation mode into the track of integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, building an intelligent and networked combat command platform, forming a human-machine efficient collaborative combat force use method, and making “smart victory” the core direction of combat theory innovation and combat method transformation, can combat effectiveness construction achieve substantial breakthroughs and overall leaps.

Grasp the requirements of the times to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

Accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is a new proposition of the times. Grasping its requirements of the times from the perspective of its essential connotation, mode of action and basic laws is an important prerequisite for ensuring that the integrated development has a clear direction, accurate positioning, clear ideas and practical measures.

Grasp the essential connotation of integrated development. Mechanization, informatization and intelligentization are integrated and developed, with mechanization as the foundation, informatization as the leading factor and intelligence as the direction. The so-called integrated development is to form an integrated and unified promotion pattern, build an integrated design, and gather the best and release the energy operation mode, and produce an overall effect of superposition aggregation and quality and efficiency doubling. This deep integrated development is mainly reflected in: taking cognitive integration as the guide, having a scientific understanding of the advantages of firepower, mobility, information power and intellectual value, and establishing the operational concept of comprehensive control, comprehensive integration and comprehensive victory; relying on platform integration, building a combat platform integrating main combat equipment, information network and artificial intelligence, and improving the comprehensive combat capability of full-domain, precise and unmanned; taking system integration as the core, through the embedded transformation of weapon equipment system and information network system by artificial intelligence system, the overall potential of combat force and combat elements is demonstrated with higher quality and level of system integration; with system integration as the support, coordinating the construction of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, coordinating the construction of combat force and support guarantee force, and creating an integrated joint combat system that adapts to the needs of actual combat.

Grasp the role of integrated development. The integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is a process of showing their strengths, interacting with each other and promoting each other. It is a process of aggregating equipment advantages, information advantages and intelligence advantages. Its role is mainly reflected in: strengthening the leading role of intelligence, focusing on accelerating the development of military intelligence, insisting on using intelligence to drive the leapfrog development of mechanization and informatization, taking intelligence as the core direction of the development of weapons and equipment and information network construction, increasing the research and development of unmanned and autonomous weapons and equipment, and improving the intelligent application, intelligent management and control, and intelligent operation level of information networks, and giving full play to the maximum effect of controlling energy with intelligence, gathering excellence with intelligence, and winning with intelligence; strengthening the leading role of informatization, grasping the information network system as a handle, accelerating the construction of command information systems and information combat systems, using the advantages of information technology to upgrade and transform existing weapons and equipment, and developing precise, intelligent, integrated, and efficient informationized weapons and equipment, and maximizing the adhesion and integration of information networks on combat systems and effectiveness; strengthening the basic role of mechanization, insisting on taking the mechanization of weapons and equipment as the material basis and carrier for the development of intelligence and informatization, strengthening the construction of weapons and equipment systems, and working hard to fill the gaps in the system and make up for the shortcomings and weaknesses, greatly improving the application level of information technology and intelligent technology in weapons and equipment, and enhancing the scientificity, pertinence, and cutting-edge nature of equipment construction and development.

Grasp the basic laws of integrated development. Mechanization, informatization and intelligence are inevitably closely linked, and together they constitute the key support for the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. The basic laws of integrated development are mainly manifested in: the progressive nature of development and change, which reflects the different historical stages of the evolution of war forms, changes in combat methods, and the development of weapons and equipment in the time sequence; in terms of interaction, the former is the premise and foundation of the latter (for example, mechanization is the foundation and premise of informatization, and informatization is the foundation and premise of intelligence), and the latter is the development trend and higher potential of the former. With the long-term nature of overlapping and coexisting, the former will produce a marginal diminishing effect when it develops to a certain stage, and the latter needs to inject new momentum and vitality into it, but the latter is not a negation or end of the former, but a repositioning and orientation of the former. What needs to be achieved is the “three-in-one” inclusiveness, rather than the “three-choice” mutual exclusion. It has inclusive complementarity. Mechanization focuses on entities, informatization focuses on data, and intelligence focuses on algorithms. The stronger the foundation of the former, the greater the degree of realization of the latter; the stronger the traction of the latter, the faster the upgrading of the former. It has the empowerment of improving quality and efficiency. Weapon platforms need information networks to empower them, and weapon platforms and information networks need artificial intelligence to empower them. This is a process of optimization and upgrading, improving quality and efficiency, and achieving a new leap in combat effectiveness, quality and efficiency.

Tighten the strategic grasp to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

To accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, we should plan, act and follow the trend, focus on combat effectiveness as the only fundamental standard, continuously promote the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and realize the party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era.

We should focus on preparing for war. Wars change with the times, and victory changes with the times. We should take accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence as an important mission topic to comprehensively improve the ability to prepare for war in the new era. Focus on mission tasks, focus on the new requirements for winning modern wars, conduct in-depth research on the winning mechanism and changes in combat methods brought about by the evolution of war forms, grasp the new characteristics of the informationized and intelligent battlefield, actively explore new tactics for using and responding to intelligent weapons, and improve the informationized and intelligent combat capabilities; focus on transformation and construction, accelerate the transformation of combat effectiveness generation to informatization and intelligence, take military intelligent construction and combat as the main line, accelerate the construction of new domains and new types of combat forces, increase the training of informationized and intelligent talents, and strive to achieve the overall reshaping of combat forces and combat systems; focus on training with war, actively explore new ways of informationized and intelligent training, examine future battlefields and combat opponents from the perspective of “smart war” and “smart victory”, enhance the pertinence of mission topics and emergency response training, use intelligent technology to improve the level of science and technology training, and promote practical training to a higher quality level.

We must focus on deepening reform. Reform is a key move to strengthen the army and win the future. We must accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence as an important focus of deepening national defense and military reform. We must insist on seeking combat effectiveness from reform, focus on the prominent characteristics of the army’s lean, integrated, miniaturized, modular, and multi-functional nature in the intelligent era, design reforms with a forward-looking, innovative, and open mind, establish a smooth and efficient leadership, command, and support mechanism, further integrate force resources, streamline the construction and management mechanism, and optimize the organizational structure. Adapting to the requirements of being able to fight and win battles, we must build a strategic and campaign command system that is integrated in peacetime and wartime, operates normally, specializes in the main business, is lean and efficient, and build a joint combat force system with elite combat forces as the main body, promote the development of the force organization in the direction of enrichment, synthesis, multi-functionality, and flexibility, implement modular organization, building block combination, and task-based joint, build a force with multiple capabilities and broad adaptability, and promote the overall leap in combat effectiveness through system structure optimization and reconstruction.

We should stick to the support point of innovation-driven development. Innovation is the core support for the development of combat effectiveness. We should accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence as the focus of implementing the innovation-driven development strategy. We should seek breakthroughs in the innovation of combat theory, closely follow the development trend of military revolution and the recent wars in the world, study the development and application of high-tech, especially intelligent technology and its impact on war, study the new characteristics, new styles and new mechanisms of intelligent warfare, study the winning strategies of intelligent warfare and combat, and accelerate the construction of a combat theory system with the characteristics of our army and in line with the laws of modern warfare. We should seek breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation, focus on independent innovation and original innovation in national defense science and technology, take the military application of high-tech, especially artificial intelligence technology, as the main direction, accelerate the implementation of major strategic projects in national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment, accelerate the development of strategic, cutting-edge and disruptive technologies, accelerate the upgrading and replacement of weapons and equipment and the development of intelligent weapons and equipment, strive to achieve the transformation from following and running side by side to running side by side and leading, and provide stronger scientific and technological support for the transformation and construction of our army’s combat effectiveness.

(Author’s unit: Joint Operations College of National Defense University)

現代國語:

黨的十九屆五中全會對國防和軍隊建設作出新的全面部署,著眼實現建軍百年奮鬥目標,明確提出加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展的時代要求和戰略舉措。奮進新征程,聚力加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展,搶抓機遇,應對挑戰,乘勢而上,對於加速國防和軍隊現代化、全面提高新時代備戰打仗能力具有極其重要的意義。

認清加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展的時代必然性

順勢者贏,駕馭者勝。目前,新一輪科技革命呈現智慧化技術強勁引領的態勢,推動世界新軍事革命向縱深發展,武器裝備智慧化趨勢明顯、與機械化資訊化的疊加聚合效應凸顯,戰爭形態在加速由機械化向訊息化演變中,進入到催生智慧化戰爭階段。正是時代發展與變革,使加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展,成為推動軍事變革深入發展的大勢所趨和強大動力,成為確保贏得主動、贏得優勢、贏得未來的必然選擇。

順應世界軍事革命潮流之需。目前,人工智慧技術正在高速發展,正日益對戰爭和作戰領域產生顛覆性影響。搶佔人工智慧戰略制高點,加速人工智慧軍事化實戰化發展,成為世界主要國家軍事競爭的戰略前線。加大人工智慧技術軍事應用的力度,實現對機械化、資訊化作戰裝備的深度改造、全面升級,把人工智慧系統嵌入資訊化作戰指揮鏈、行動鏈,透過智慧化改造使作戰力量編成更加模組化、一體化,是世界軍事大國謀求新的軍事優勢的通行做法。能否加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展,特別是充分釋放智慧化對機械化、資訊化的效能拓展,讓平台作戰、體係作戰、精準作戰獲得更高質高效的智慧化支撐,無疑是能否牢牢把握軍事競爭戰略主動權的一個關鍵。

全面提升現代化建設水準之需。現代化有著鮮明的時代性,時代要求是衡量一個國家、一支軍隊現代化程度的關鍵尺度。當今時代,正進入到以智慧化為核心變革動力的階段,機械化資訊化智能化的融合發展,既是國家和軍隊現代化水平的重要標誌,也是推進國防和軍隊現代化的根本性舉措。加速軍事理論、軍隊組織形態、軍事人員和武器裝備現代化,都需從機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展中,獲得變革創新、轉型升級、提質增效的強力引擎和支撐,並在一定意義上起著決定現代化建設發展方向、發展方式、發展路徑的重要角色。只有加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展,使之貫穿到推動現代化建設的全過程各環節,在高起點上推動品質變革、效率變革、動力變革,才能全面提升國防與軍事現代化建設水準。

加快轉變戰鬥力生成模式之需。戰鬥力的生成,從人與武器的結合到要素結構、力量釋放方式,都有其強制性的時代定向、定位。智慧化戰爭時代的到來,無人智慧化作戰成為影響戰局走向乃至戰爭勝負的關鍵要素,智慧化技術裝備成為機械化、資訊化作戰效能的倍增器,加速軍事智慧化發展成為提升體係作戰能力、打造新域新質作戰力量的戰略重心,使戰鬥力的生成與提升愈來愈取決於機械化資訊化智慧化的融合發展水準。只有把轉變戰鬥力生成模式納入機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的軌道,建構智慧化網路化的作戰指揮平台,形成人機高效協同的作戰力量運用方式,讓「智勝」成為作戰理論創新、作戰方式變革的核心指向,才能使戰鬥力建設取得實質突破、實現整體性躍升。

掌握加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的時代要求

加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展是一個全新的時代命題,從本質內涵、作用方式、基本規律上把握其時代要求,是確保融合發展方向明、定位準、思路清、舉措實的重要前提。

掌握融合發展本質內涵。機械化資訊化智能化融合發展,機械化是基礎,資訊化是主導,智能化是方向。所謂融合發展,就是形成融為一體、合而為一的推進格局,建構一體設計、聚優釋能的運作模式,產生疊加聚合、質效倍增的整體效應。這種深度融合發展主要體現在:以認知融合為先導,具有對火力、機動力、資訊力和智力價值優勢的科學認知,確立綜合製權、綜合整合、綜合製勝的作戰理念;以平台融合為依托,建構主戰裝備、資訊網路、人工智慧融為一體的作戰平台,提升全域化、精確化、無人化的綜合作戰能力;以系統融合為內核,透過人工智慧系統對武器裝備系統、資訊網路系統的嵌入式改造,以更高品質和水平的系統整合展現作戰力量、作戰要素的整體勢能;以體系融合為支撐,統籌機械化資訊化智能化建設,統籌作戰力量、支援保障力量建設,打造適應實戰需求的一體化聯合作戰體系。

把握融合發展作用方式。機械化資訊化智能化融合發展,是各展其長、互為作用、相互促進的過程,是聚合裝備優勢、資訊優勢、智能優勢的過程。其作用方式集中體現在:強化智能化的引領作用,聚焦加速軍事智能化發展,堅持以智能化牽引機械化、信息化跨越式發展,把智能化作為武器裝備和信息網絡建設發展的核心指向,加大研發無人化、自主化武器裝備的力度,提升資訊網路的智慧應用、智慧管控、智慧運作水平,發揮以智駕馭能、以智聚優、以智取勝的最大效應;強化資訊化的主導作用,扭住資訊網路體系這個抓手,加快指揮資訊系統、資訊作戰系統建設,運用資訊科技優勢升級改造現有武器裝備,開發精確、智慧、融通、高效的資訊化武器裝備,最大限度地發揮資訊網路對作戰體系與效能的黏合力、整合力;強化機械化的基礎作用,堅持將武器裝備機械化作為智慧化、資訊化發展的物質基礎與載體,加強武器裝備體系建設,在填補體系空白、補齊短板弱項上下功夫,大幅提升武器裝備的資訊科技、智慧技術應用水平,增強裝備建設發展的科學性、針對性、前沿性。

把握融合發展基本法則。機械化資訊化智能化之間有著必然的內在的緊密聯繫,共同構成戰鬥力生成和提升的關鍵支撐。其融合發展的基本法則主要表現在:具有發展變革的遞進性,在展開時序上,反映了戰爭形態演進、作戰方式變革、武器裝備發展的不同歷史階段;在相互作用上,前者是後者的前提和基礎(例如機械化是資訊化的基礎和前提,資訊化是智慧化的基礎和前提),後者是前者的發展趨向和更高位能。具有交疊並存的長期性,前者發展到某一階段會產生邊際遞減效應,需要後者為其註入新動能、新活力,但後者不是對前者的否定和終結,而是對前者的重新定位和定向,所要達成的是「三合一」式的兼容並蓄,而不是「三選一」式的互斥排他。具有相容且蓄的互補性,機械化以實體為重心,資訊化以數據為重心,智能化以演算法為重心,前者的基礎越牢,後者的實現程度就越大;後者的牽引作用越強,前者的升級換代就越快。具有提質增效的賦能性,武器平台需要資訊網路為其賦能,武器平台、資訊網路需要人工智慧為其賦能,這是優化升級、提質增效的過程,是實現戰鬥力品質效能新躍升的過程。

緊扭加快機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的策略性抓手

加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展,應因勢而謀、應勢而動、順勢而為,緊緊圍繞以戰鬥力這個唯一的根本標準,不斷推進國防和軍隊現代化建設,實現黨在新時代的強軍目標。

扭住備戰打仗這個聚焦點。戰爭因時而化,勝戰據時而變。要把加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展,作為全面提升新時代備戰打仗能力的重要使命課題。聚焦使命任務,著眼打贏現代化戰爭的新要求,深入研究戰爭形態演變帶來的致勝機理、作戰方式之變,掌握資訊化智能化戰場的新特點,積極探索運用與應對智慧武器的新戰法,提升資訊化智慧化作戰能力;聚焦轉型建設,加速推進戰鬥力生成向資訊化、智慧化轉型,以軍事智慧化建設與作戰為主線,加速新域新質作戰力量建設,加大資訊化智慧化人才的培養力度,著力實現作戰力量、作戰體系的整體重塑;聚焦以戰領訓,積極探索資訊化智慧化訓練的新路子,從「智戰」「智勝」視角審視未來戰場、作戰對手,增強使命課題、應急應戰訓練的針對性,運用智能技術提昇科技興訓水平,推動實戰化訓練向更高質量水平發展。

扭住深化改革這個著力點。改革是強軍興軍、制勝未來的關鍵一招。要把加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展,作為深化國防和軍事改革的重要著力點。堅持向改革要戰力,著眼智慧時代軍隊精幹化、一體化、小型化、模組化、多能化的突出特徵,以前瞻、創新、開放的思路設計改革,建立順暢高效的領導、指揮、保障機制,進一步整合力量資源、理順建管機制、優化編成結構。適應能打仗、打勝仗的要求,建構平戰一體、常態運作、專司主營、精幹高效的戰略戰役指揮體系,建構以精銳作戰力量為主體的聯合作戰力量體系,推動部隊編成向充實、合成、多能、靈活方向發展,實行模組化編組、積木式組合、任務式聯合,打造具備多種能力和廣泛適應性的部隊,透過體系結構優化再造促進戰鬥力整體躍升。

扭住創新驅動這個支撐點。創新是戰鬥力建設發展的核心支撐力。要把加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展,作為實施創新驅動發展策略的重心。在作戰理論創新上求突破,密切追蹤軍事革命發展趨勢和近期世界發生的戰爭,研究高新技術特別是智慧化技術發展運用及對戰爭的影響,研究智能化作戰的新特徵、新樣式、新機理,研究智慧化戰爭與作戰的致勝方略,加速建構具有我軍特色、符合現代戰爭規律的作戰理論體系。在科技創新上求突破,聚力國防科技自主創新、原始創新,把高新技術特別是人工智慧技術的軍事應用作為主攻方向,加速實施國防科技與武器裝備重大戰略工程,加速戰略性前沿性顛覆性技術發展,加速武器裝備升級換代和智慧化武器裝備發展,奮力實現由跟跑並跑向並跑領跑的轉變,為我軍戰鬥力轉型建設提供更強勁的科技支撐。

(作者單位:國防大學聯合作戰學院)

中國原創軍事資源:http://www.81.cn/gfbmap/content/2020-11/25/content_276619888.htm

Chinese Military Focusing on Essential Characteristics of Integrated Development of Mechanization, Informatization and Intelligentization

現代英語:

Source: Liberation Army News Author: Yuan Yi, Xu Jinhua, Li Zhifei Editor-in-charge: Wang Feng 2020-12-01 10:xx:xx

introduction

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, while emphasizing the need to accelerate the modernization of national defense and the armed forces and achieve the unity of enriching the country and strengthening the military, pointed out the need to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence (hereinafter referred to as the “three modernizations”), thereby raising the requirements for the integrated development of the “three modernizations” to a strategic level. We must conscientiously implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, carry out scientific strategic positioning, strategic planning, and strategic deployment for the integrated development of the “three modernizations”, and vigorously promote the integrated development of the “three modernizations” to expand in depth and breadth. We must accurately grasp the essential connotation of the integrated development of the “three modernizations”.

The era background of the integrated development of the “three transformations”

The parallel advancement, mutual promotion and integrated development of the “three transformations” have profound historical inevitability and are the only way for our military to modernize national defense and the armed forces in the future.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” is in line with the concept of mechanization and informatization. Since the late 1990s, our army has promptly proposed to promote the integrated development of mechanization and informatization. At that time, the war situation was changing from mechanization to informatization. National defense and military construction must take the path of leapfrog development. There is no need to wait until the entire process of mechanization construction of the military of developed countries is completed before engaging in informatization. We should strive to promote the integrated development of mechanization and informatization. We must strive to leapfrog certain stages of mechanization development, and at the same time learn from the mistakes and lessons of mechanization and informatization construction of the military of developed countries, and take as few detours as possible. The experience and lessons learned from the integrated development of national defense and military mechanization and informatization provide valuable experience for how to coordinate the integrated development of the “three transformations” at this stage.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” reflects the reality of the current “multiple forms of warfare”. In today’s world, a new wave of military revolution characterized by military intelligence is sweeping across the world, and the armies of major countries in the world are striding towards the threshold of intelligence. However, due to the imbalance in the development of scientific and technological levels and military strength among countries in the world, several local wars and armed conflicts in the world have shown the characteristics of “multiple forms of warfare” of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence. In the Syrian War, low-end, cheap civilian pickup trucks danced with high-end, expensive stealth aircraft, crudely made homemade rockets and high-precision cruise missiles flew together, and the highly informationized and intelligent U.S. and Russian armies, the highly mechanized Syrian and Turkish armies, and the opposition with a very low mechanization level, jointly performed an alternative “hybrid war” on the Syrian battlefield, in which mechanized warfare, informationized warfare, and elementary intelligent warfare overlapped with each other.

The integrated development of the “three modernizations” is in line with the stage characteristics of the current national social and economic development. my country’s path to modernization is very different from that of Western developed countries. Western developed countries have a “serial” development process, with industrialization, urbanization, agricultural modernization, and informatization developing in sequence, and it took more than 200 years to develop to the current level. my country’s development must be a “parallel” process, with industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization developing in an overlapping manner. The national social and economic foundation is the basic support for national defense and military construction. It is precisely the “parallel” development characteristics of my country’s current social economy that determine that national defense and military construction must adopt the “three modernizations” integrated development mode.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” is adapted to the current level of development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence in the military. After long-term efforts, our military has basically achieved mechanization, and has made significant progress in informatization construction, but is also facing opportunities and challenges of intelligence. The special national and military conditions make it impossible and impossible for our military to copy the development path of the Western developed countries represented by the US military. “Step-by-step” development may lead to the loss of the historical opportunity of promoting intelligence to accelerate the completion of mechanization and informatization, and leading and promoting the development of mechanization and informatization to a higher stage.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that “we should accelerate the development of intelligent military and improve the joint combat capability and all-domain combat capability based on the network information system”, “basically realize mechanization by 2020, make significant progress in informatization construction, and greatly enhance strategic capabilities”, and “strive to basically realize the modernization of national defense and the army by 2035, and build the people’s army into a world-class army in an all-round way by the middle of this century.” On the eve of the August 1st Army Day this year, President Xi Jinping proposed the strategic idea of ​​”accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence” when presiding over the 22nd collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on strengthening national defense and military modernization. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee further emphasized and deployed this, and incorporated it into the 14th Five-Year Plan and the 2035 Vision Goals for implementation, marking that the requirements for the integrated development of the “three transformations” have been elevated to a strategic level and have become an important guiding ideology for leading national defense and military construction.

The essential connotation of the integrated development of the “three transformations”

The “integration” in the “three transformations” does not mean mixing, combining or compounding. The word “integration” in the physical sense means melting or melting into one; in the psychological sense, it means that after a certain collision or contact, different individuals or groups tend to merge into one in terms of cognition, emotion or attitude. The integrated development of the “three transformations” in national defense and military construction refers to the coordinated mutual tolerance, mutual penetration and mutual promotion of mechanization, informationization and intelligence, from “you are you and I am me” to “you have me and I have you”, and then to “you are me and I am you”, reaching the level of perfect integration and unity, and thus producing a superposition effect, aggregation effect and multiplication effect, and realizing a leap in the overall combat capability.

The basic laws and main characteristics of the integrated development of the “three transformations”. The main ones are: First, the “three transformations” are progressive and orderly dependent. From a chronological perspective, the “three transformations” did not originate at the same time. Without the previous “transformation” as a premise, foundation and input, there would be no occurrence and development of the latter “transformation”. The previous “transformation” provides an important material basis for the latter “transformation”. Second, the “three transformations” overlap and penetrate each other. Informatization is not the end of mechanization. There is still a certain degree of mechanization in the process of informatization. Intelligence is not the end of mechanization and informatization. There is still a certain degree of informatization and mechanization in the process of intelligence. Third, intelligence and informatization can enhance the efficiency of mechanization through virtual control. The “real” here mainly refers to the hardware represented by physical entities such as combat platforms and ammunition, and the “virtual” mainly refers to software with combat data, algorithms, etc. as the core. Mechanization is mainly based on hardware construction, while informatization and intelligence are mainly based on software construction. “Software defines everything”, and hardware is optimized, upgraded, empowered and made more efficient through software. With the in-depth development of the integration of the “three transformations”, the construction priority will be that load will surpass platform, software will surpass load, and algorithm will surpass software.

The internal mechanism and driving mechanism of the integrated development of the “three transformations”. The main ones are: First, the superposition of advantages. Practice has proved that no matter whether it is mechanization, informatization or intelligence, the supporting technology group of each “transformation” will give birth to new weapons and equipment, generate new combat forces, and ultimately form new combat capabilities with different combat mechanisms. These new combat capabilities and the original combat capabilities are combined with advantages to produce a system outflow effect and greatly enhance the overall combat capability of the army.

The second is upgrading and expansion. Informatization aggregates and upgrades mechanized combat systems into informationized combat systems through digital transformation and networking of various mechanized combat platforms, making a qualitative leap in combat effectiveness. Intelligence can also be integrated with mechanization and informatization through upgrading and expansion. On the one hand, intelligent technology is used to upgrade the “brain” of the combat platform – the control system, and promote the control mode of unmanned combat platforms such as drones, unmanned boats, and unmanned ground vehicles, in accordance with the human direct operation mode, human assistance mode, human authorization mode, fully autonomous mode, and machine adaptive mode. After some old combat platforms are upgraded through informatization and intelligent transformation, they can also realize remote control operation and cooperate with manned platforms. On the other hand, the use of intelligent technology to optimize and upgrade the informationized combat system has greatly enhanced its capabilities in information acquisition, transmission, processing, sharing, security and other aspects, and the system’s combat capability has been comprehensively improved again.

The third is to make up for shortcomings and replace them. From the history of military construction, in the process of deepening development of a certain “ization”, bottleneck problems that are difficult to solve by relying solely on its own technical system often appear, and other “ization” technical means and development ideas are urgently needed to find a new way to solve them. At present, machinery is becoming more and more sophisticated and complex, and the difficulty of design and control is increasing; informatization leads to “information explosion”, massive data is generated, rapidly diffused, true and false are mixed, and it is increasingly difficult to quickly transform into useful information. These problems are difficult to be effectively solved within the technical system of mechanization and informatization itself. To break through the bottleneck of mechanical control capabilities and information processing capabilities, the use of intelligent technical means is an important option. Conversely, the technological breakthroughs and applications produced by the previous “ization” may also offset the shortcomings of the latter “ization”. For example, the speed of hypersonic missiles can exceed the reaction capability of the informationized defense combat system and achieve rapid penetration; high-energy microwave weapons can directly destroy networks and electronic equipment, etc., which to a certain extent offset the opponent’s information advantage.

現代國語:

來源:解放軍報 作者:袁藝 徐金華 李志飛 責任編輯:王鳳 2020-12-01 10:xx:xx
引 言

黨的十九屆五中全會在強調加速國防和軍隊現代化,實現富國和強軍相統一時指出,加快機械化資訊化智能化(以下簡稱「三化」)融合發展,從而把「三化」融合發展要求提升到了戰略全局高度。認真貫徹落實十九屆五中全會精神,對「三化」融合發展進行科學的戰略定位、戰略規劃和戰略部署,大力推動「三化」融合發展向深度廣度拓展,要準確把握好「三化」融合發展的本質內涵。

「三化」融合發展的時代背景

「三化」並行推進、互促共生、一體發展,具有深刻的歷史必然性,是我軍未來一段時期國防和軍隊現代化建設的必經之路。

「三化」融合發展與機械化資訊化複合發展概念一脈相承。自上世紀90年代末期以來,我軍及時提出推動機械化資訊化複合發展。當時,戰爭形態正由機械化轉變為資訊化。國防和軍隊建設必須走跨越式發展的道路,沒有必要等到走完發達國家軍隊機械化建設的全部過程再來搞資訊化,應該努力推進機械化和資訊化的複合發展。既要努力跨越機械化發展的某些階段,同時還要吸取發達國家軍隊機械化和資訊化建設失誤教訓,盡可能少走彎路。國防與軍隊機械化資訊化復合發展的經驗教訓,為如何統籌現階段「三化」融合發展提供了寶貴經驗。

「三化」融合發展反映了當前戰爭形態「多態並存」的現實狀況。當今世界,以軍事智能化為特徵的新一輪軍事革命浪潮撲面而來,世界主要國家軍隊正大步向智能化的門檻邁進,但由於世界各國科技水平和軍事實力發展的不平衡,使得在幾次世界局部戰爭與武裝沖突中,呈現出機械化資訊化智慧化戰爭「多態並存」的特點。敘利亞戰爭中,低端廉價的民用皮卡與高端昂貴的隱身飛機共舞,粗製濫造的土製火箭與高精度的巡航導彈齊飛,高度信息化並向智能化邁進的美軍、俄軍,較高機械化程度的敘軍、土軍,以及機械化程度很低的反對派,在敘利亞戰場共同演繹了機械化戰爭、資訊化戰爭和初級智能化戰爭三種戰爭形態相互交疊的另類「混合戰爭」。

「三化」融合發展符合當前國家社會經濟發展的階段性特徵。我國實現現代化之路同西方發達國家有很大不同。西方發達國家是一個「串聯式」的發展過程,工業化、城鎮化、農業現代化、資訊化順序發展,發展到目前水準花了二百多年時間。我國發展必然是一個「並聯式」的過程,工業化、資訊化、城鎮化、農業現代化是疊加發展的。國家社會經濟基礎是國防和軍隊建設的基本依托,正是當前我國社會經濟的「並聯式」發展特點,決定了國防和軍隊建設必然採取「三化」融合發展方式。

「三化」融合發展適應了當前軍隊機械化資訊化智慧化發展水準。經過長期努力,當前我軍基本上實現機械化,資訊化建設取得重大進展,又面臨智慧化的機會與挑戰。特殊的國情軍情,使得我軍不可能也不會複製以美軍為代表的西方發達國家軍隊的發展路徑。 「按部就班」式發展可能導致錯失智能化促進加速完成機械化資訊化、並引領和推動機械化資訊化向更高階段發展的歷史機遇。

黨的十九大報告指出,「加速軍事智能化發展,提高基於網絡資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全局作戰能力」「到二○二○年基本實現機械化,資訊化建設取得重大進展,戰略能力有大的提升」「力爭二○三五年基本實現國防和軍隊現代化,到本世紀中葉把人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊」。今年八一建軍節前夕,習主席在主持中共中央政治局就加強國防和軍隊現代化建設舉行的第二十二次集體學習時,提出「加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展」這一戰略思想,黨的十九屆五中全會對此做了進一步強調部署,並納入十四五規劃和二○三五年遠景目標中加以落實,標誌著「三化」融合發展要求提升到了戰略全局高度,成為引領國防和軍隊建設的重要指導思想。

「三化」融合發展的本質內涵

「三化」融合中的「融合」不等於混合、化合或複合。 「融合」一詞,物理意義上是指熔成或如熔化那樣融成一體;心理意義上是指不同個體或不同群體在一定的碰撞或接觸之後,認知、情感或態度傾向融為一體。國防與軍隊建設中的「三化」融合發展,則是指統籌協調機械化資訊化智慧化相互包容、相互滲透、相互促進,從「你是你、我是我」變成「你中有我、我中有你”,進而變成“你就是我,我就是你”,達到水乳交融、合而為一的程度,並由此產生疊加效應、聚合效應和倍增效應,實現整體戰鬥力質的躍升。

「三化」融合發展的基本規律與主要特點。主要有:一是「三化」逐次遞進有序依存。從時序上看,“三化”不是同時起源的,沒有前一“化”作為前提、基礎和輸入,就沒有後一“化”的發生和發展,前一“化”為後一“化”提供了重要的物質基礎。二是「三化」相互交疊相互滲透。資訊化不是機械化的終結,資訊化過程中還有一定的機械化,智慧化也不是機械化、資訊化的終結,智慧化過程中還有一定的資訊化、機械化。三是智慧化資訊化對機械化以虛控實賦能增效。這裡所說的「實」主要是指以作戰平台、彈藥等物理實體為代表的硬件,「虛」主要是指以作戰數據、演算法等為核心的軟件。機械化以硬體建設為主,資訊化和智能化則以軟件建設為主,“軟件定義一切”,通過軟件對硬體進行優化升級和賦能增效。隨著「三化」融合的深入發展,在建設優先級上,將會是載荷超越平台、軟件超越載荷、演算法超越軟件。

「三化」融合發展的內在機理與驅動機制。主要有:一是優勢疊加。實踐證明,不管是機械化、資訊化或智慧化,每一「化」的支撐技術群都會催生出新型武器裝備,產生新型作戰力量,最終形成不同作戰機理的新質作戰能力。這些新質作戰能力與原有作戰能力綜合運用優勢疊加,能夠產生系統湧現效應,極大提升軍隊整體作戰能力。

二是升級拓展。資訊化透過對各類機械化作戰平台進行數字化改造和網絡化鏈接,將機械化作戰體系聚合升級為信息化作戰體系,使得戰鬥力產生質的飛躍。智能化也可透過升級拓展方式,與機械化、資訊化融為一體。一方面,運用智慧技術升級作戰平台的「大腦」──操控系統,推動無人機、無人艇、無人地面車輛等無人化作戰平台的控制方式,依照人類直接操作模式、人類協助模式、人類授權模式、完全自主模式、機器自適應模式的逐次遞進方式升級。一些老舊作戰平台進行資訊化智慧化改造升級後,也可以實現遙控操作並與有人平台協同作戰。另一方面,運用智慧技術優化升級資訊化作戰體系,使其資訊取得、傳輸、處理、分享、安全等各個環節能力都大幅增強,體係作戰能力再次全面提升。

三是補短替代。從軍隊建設歷史來看,某一「化」在深化發展過程中,往往會出現僅靠自身技術體系難以解決的瓶頸問題,迫切需要其他「化」的技術手段和發展思維另闢蹊徑來加以解決。當前,機械越來越精密復雜,設計和控制難度越來越大;信息化導致“信息爆炸”,海量數據產生、急劇擴散、真假混雜,快速轉化為有用信息的難度越來越大,這些問題在機械化、資訊化自身技術體系內難以有效解決。要突破機械操控能力、資訊處理能力瓶頸,運用智慧化的技術手段是重要選項。反過來說,前一「化」產生的技術突破及應用也可能抵消後一「化」的不​​足。如高超聲速導彈速度可以超出資訊化防禦作戰體系的反應能力實現快速突防,高能量微波武器可直接破壞網絡和電子設備等,這都在一定程度上抵消了對手的信息優勢。

中國原創軍事資源:http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4874873888.html

China’s Prosperity and Economic Development Support a Strong Chinese Military Culture that Wins Battles

中國的繁榮與經濟發展支撐起強大的中國軍事文化

現代英語:

A strong military culture is the internal guarantee for the People’s Army to be invincible, victorious in all battles, and to continue to grow and develop. It is the spiritual fertile soil that nourishes officers and soldiers and an important factor in improving the combat effectiveness of the troops. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to “flourish and develop a strong military culture and strengthen the cultivation of fighting spirit.” For the People’s Army, to thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping’s cultural thoughts is to prosper and develop a strong military culture. Through cultural education and edification, we can cultivate the fighting spirit and heroic and tenacious fighting style of the officers and soldiers, and use advanced culture to sharpen their spirit of defeating the enemy and winning, so as to provide spiritual motivation for fighting and winning battles, and truly let the strong military culture point to winning and Win with service and win with support.

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In order to comprehensively strengthen military training and preparation and improve the people’s army’s ability to win, we must pay attention to the value function of strong military culture in educating people for war and helping to strengthen the army. The prosperity and development of a strong military culture that supports victory is not only a historical heritage and a requirement of the times, but also the call of the cause of building a strong military.

The fundamental direction of continuing the cultural tradition of our army. Culture is the root of a nation’s prosperity and an important support for the strength of an army. More than 80 years ago, Comrade Mao Zedong said at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art: “If we want to defeat the enemy, we must first rely on the army with guns in their hands. But it is not enough to have such an army. We must also have a cultural army, which is In the long-term practice of revolution, construction and reform, our army has forged the “cultural gene” of victory and the “cultural bloodline” of heroes with blood and life, nourishing generation after generation. A generation of officers and soldiers. The war culture of everything for victory contains a strong blood gene and demonstrates a clear direction of winning. In the new era and new journey, the key to extracting the essence and drawing energy from the cultural traditions of our army is to focus on sharpening the sharp sword of the officers and soldiers’ fighting spirit, continuously enhancing the officers and soldiers’ awareness of fighting for war, and constantly strengthening the spirit of being happy when hearing about war, being brave and tenacious, The martial spirit of daring to fight and winning.

An inevitable choice to adapt to the evolution of war forms. The new world military revolution is driving the evolution of warfare forms towards information warfare with intelligent characteristics, showing characteristics such as informatization of technical forms, systematization of organizational forms, and digitalization of weapons and equipment. The evolution of war forms will inevitably lead to the reshaping of military culture forms. From mechanized warfare to information-based and intelligent warfare, from “large-scale” combat and “deep” assault to “asymmetric warfare”, “non-linear warfare”, “integrated joint warfare”, and then to “multi-domain precision warfare”. “Cognitive domain warfare”, the evolution of the mechanism of winning wars has promoted corresponding changes in the military cultural form. On the new journey, our army will promote the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. We must not only accelerate the iteration and update of weapons and equipment, but also actively promote the transformation and development of military culture, and shape and embody the characteristics of the times in terms of military theory, strategy and tactics, and fighting spirit. Create a strong military culture in the new era that adapts to the development of the times and is in line with technological progress to support winning battles.

An essential requirement for the prosperity and development of a strong military culture. The fundamental function of a strong military culture is to fight, which determines that the fundamental purpose of building a strong military culture is to provide spiritual motivation for the army to fight and win. The culture of a strong military is extremely permeable and durable. The loyalty and fighting will it contains forge the spirit of the people’s army and cultivate the invincible combat effectiveness of the people’s army. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the People’s Army has been reborn from the ashes and transformed. The whole army has focused on being able to fight and win battles, and has taken the prosperity and development of a strong military culture as a powerful measure to boost combat effectiveness, which is closely integrated with the generation of combat effectiveness. Together, it is closely integrated with the main responsibilities and tasks of the military, continuously improving the contribution rate of strong military culture to combat effectiveness, and fully demonstrating the combat function of strong military culture in training and preparation for war.

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To prosper and develop a strong military culture that supports victory, we must be guided by Xi Jinping’s thoughts on strengthening the military, grasp the main thread, highlight the key points, and strive to cultivate a strong military cultural system with combat culture, joint culture, and special military culture as the main content. .

Cultivate a fighting culture that can win battles. Combat culture reflects the inherent essence of a strong military culture and determines the value positioning and value orientation of a strong military culture. Combat culture is a bloody culture that has been tempered, refined and accumulated through military struggle practice. It has a profound cultural heritage, strong combat characteristics and distinct characteristics of the times. Its value function is mainly manifested in strengthening the awareness of fighting, improving combat skills, and sharpening the fighting spirit. Spirit is an important component of combat effectiveness, the main body of the strong military cultural system, and an important magic weapon for the People’s Army to win victory. To cultivate a combat culture, we must focus on strengthening the responsibility of officers and soldiers to serve in the army, lead the army in combat, and train the army for combat, and the combat spirit of “not fearing hardship or death” and the combat quality of being brave and tenacious and daring to fight and win, and effectively raise the combat effectiveness standard As the basic focus and fundamental foothold for the prosperity and development of a strong military culture, and as the fundamental measure for testing the quality and effectiveness of building a strong military culture.

Cultivate a joint culture of winning together. In modern warfare, there is no war without integration and no victory without integration. The basic combat style is integrated joint operations. Joint culture is the sum of the joint knowledge system, values, ways of thinking and behavioral norms required to win modern warfare, and is widely permeated in the joint combat system, force structure, behavioral codes and models. It is like an invisible hand, powerfully pushing the joint combat system from “form connection” to “spiritual connection”, from “core connection” to “heart connection”. To cultivate a joint culture, we must rely on mission-driven and joint exercises and training to build a political soul for officers and soldiers to obey the Party’s command, cultivate the concept of joint victory, improve the knowledge system of joint operations, temper the thinking mode of integration and linkage, and cultivate common emotions. and values, a strong and stable collective psychological identity, and an unbreakable will to win.

Cultivate a rich and colorful military culture. When only one flower blooms it is not spring, but when a hundred flowers bloom the garden fills with spring. In the course of military practice, our army has formed distinctive military and arms cultures, including the Army’s “Armored Iron Stream” culture, the “Artillery God of War” culture, the “Army Aviation War Eagle” culture, the Navy’s “Deep Blue Culture”, the Air Force’s “Sky Culture”, and the Air Force’s “Sky Culture”. The “Eagle”, “Sky Ladder” and “Sky Arrow” cultures; the Rocket Force’s “Sword Sharpening Culture” and “Long Ribbon Culture”, and so on. The magnificent flowers of military culture not only constitute a unique spiritual symbol, but also serve as a “multiplier” for enhancing the combat effectiveness of the troops. Creating a military culture with distinctive characteristics and profound heritage does not conflict with cultivating a joint culture. The culture of each service supports the joint culture, and the joint culture realizes the organic integration of the cultures of each service. The deeper the roots of the distinctive cultures of each service are, the stronger the combat effectiveness of the joint culture will be, and the more combat-effective it will be. At the same time, we should vigorously carry out colorful military camp cultural activities, use distinctive culture to forge the military soul, gather soldiers’ hearts, and boost morale, strive to create a lively situation where everyone has a stage, and more effectively play the role of educating people with culture, Use culture to educate people and use culture to support war.

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To prosper and develop the culture of strengthening the army in the new era, we must insist on serving and winning as the fundamental direction, strengthen historical confidence, and continue the genes of victory; insist on fighting for the sake of war and strengthen combat attributes; take multiple measures, integrate innovation, and create a culture of advocating martial arts and refining martial arts. Create a strong atmosphere and use strong military culture to boost combat effectiveness.

Strengthen the winning genes of revolutionary soldiers in the new era. Culture is essentially a spiritual carrier. The fighting culture of daring to fight and winning that our army has forged in the course of more than 90 years of struggle has created a unique advantage in defeating the enemy and winning the future. On the new journey, we must vigorously carry forward the glorious traditions of the People’s Army, publicize the typical deeds of advanced heroes and combat heroes, guide officers and soldiers to draw nourishment from the revolutionary spirit, draw fighting spirit from the glorious war history, draw strength from the combat honor, and let the People’s Army’s The winning gene is passed on from generation to generation. At present, major changes in the world are accelerating, and changes in the world, the times, and history are unfolding in unprecedented ways. We must educate and guide officers and soldiers to not fear powerful enemies, recognize that upholding the Party’s absolute leadership over the army is the fundamental guarantee for our army to win battles, recognize that the overall might of the people’s war is the magic weapon for our army to defeat the enemy, and combine the fighting spirit with the scientific spirit. , continue the fine traditions of our army, and firmly establish the confidence and determination to win the battle based on the existing equipment.

Improve the combat index of strong military culture construction. President Xi pointed out: “We should combine the traditions and mission characteristics of each unit to strengthen military culture construction, build a strong military culture, and cultivate the troops’ fearless heroism and brave and tenacious fighting style.” We should fundamentally redirect military cultural work to support Fight and win the battle. We will deeply explore revolutionary historical themes, highlight the creation of realistic military themes, and always shape people with noble spirits and inspire people with excellent works. We regularly arrange literary and artistic cavalry teams, battlefield propaganda teams, battlefield photography teams, etc. to go into cold areas, deserts, plateaus, coastal defenses, border checkpoints, and squads to warm the hearts of soldiers, boost morale, and inspire fighting spirit in order to prepare for war and win. . We must insist on seeking combat effectiveness from culture, and push the focus of building a strong military culture from the barracks to the battlefield, and from peacetime to wartime. Organize wartime cultural work drills, explore the content, timing, methods and means of wartime cultural work, and provide important support for improving the combat effectiveness of the troops.

Enhance the military flavor and combat atmosphere of the military camp culture. To build a strong military culture, an important task is to create an environment with a strong military flavor and combat atmosphere, so that officers and soldiers can be influenced at all times, cultivate their fighting will and hone their fighting character in a subtle way. A strong atmosphere of training and fighting was created, battle flags were raised, battle slogans were shouted, and strong army war songs were sung. Cultural light boxes, battle slogans, hero sculptures, etc. were set up, and cultural venues reflecting the army’s war history and revolutionary spirit were built to continuously strengthen the officers and soldiers War awareness, combat readiness concept, and fighting spirit. We should carry out mass cultural activities, hold lectures on strengthening the military culture, hold forums on strengthening the military culture, organize officers and soldiers to tell battle stories and read books on combat culture, and widely carry out assassination and combat training and competitions to inspire officers and soldiers to be brave, capable and good at fighting. . Innovate ways and methods, combine contemporary elements, science and technology with culture and art, use VR, AR, MR and other technological means to create battlefield cultural simulation rooms, etc., so that officers and soldiers can experience the battlefield atmosphere “immersively” and hone their ability to win.

(Author’s unit: Army Party Innovation Theory Research Center)

現代國語:

■陳 陣

強軍文化是人民軍隊戰無不勝、攻無不克,不斷發展壯大的內在保證,是滋養官兵的精神沃土,是提高部隊戰鬥力的重要因素。黨的二十大報告強調要「繁榮發展強軍文化,強化戰鬥精神培育」。深入學習貫徹習近平文化思想,對人民軍隊而言,就是要繁榮發展強軍文化。通過文化的教化與薰陶,培育廣大官兵敢打必勝的戰鬥血性、英勇頑強的戰鬥作風,以先進文化砥礪克敵制勝精神,為能打仗、打勝仗提供精神動力,真正讓強軍文化指向打贏、服務打贏、支撐打贏。

全面加強練兵備戰,提升人民軍隊打贏能力,必須重視發揮強軍文化為戰育人、助力強軍的價值功能。繁榮發展支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化,既是歷史傳承、時代所需,也是強軍事業的召喚。

賡續我軍文化傳統的根本指向。文化是一個民族昌盛的根脈,也是一支軍隊強大的重要支撐。 80多年前,毛澤東同志在延安文藝座談會上說:「我們要戰勝敵人,首先要依靠手裡拿槍的軍隊。但是僅僅有這種軍隊是不夠的,我們還要有文化的軍隊,這是團結自己、戰勝敵人必不可少的一支軍隊。一代官兵。一切為了勝利的勝戰文化,蘊含著強大的血性基因,彰顯著鮮明的打贏指向。新時代新征程,從我軍文化傳統中萃取精華、汲取能量,關鍵要著力擦亮官兵戰鬥精神的尖刀利劍,持續增強官兵的向戰為戰意識,不斷強化聞戰則喜、英勇頑強、敢打必勝的尚武精神。

適應戰爭形態演變的必然選擇。世界新軍事革命正推動戰爭形態朝向具有智慧化特徵的資訊化戰爭加速演進,呈現出技術形態資訊化、組織形態體系化、武器裝備數字化等特徵。戰爭形態的演變,必然引發軍事文化形態的重塑。從機械化戰爭到資訊化、智慧化戰爭,從“大兵團”作戰、“大縱深”突擊,到“非對稱作戰”“非線式作戰”“一體化聯合作戰”,再到“多域精確戰”“認知域作戰”,戰爭制勝機理的演變,推動軍事文化形態相應隨之改變。新征程上,我軍推進機械化資訊化智慧融合發展,既要加速武器裝備的迭代更新,更要積極推進軍事文化轉型發展,從軍事理論、戰略戰術、戰鬥精神等方面塑造和體現時代特質,打造與時代發展相適應、與技術進步相符的新時代支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化。

繁榮發展強軍文化的本質要求。強軍文化姓軍為戰的根本職能,決定了打造強軍文化的根本目的就是為能打仗、打勝仗提供精神動力。強軍文化具有極強的滲透性、持久性,其所蘊含的忠誠品質和鬥爭意志,鍛造著人民軍隊的精氣神,培育著人民軍隊無堅不摧的戰鬥力。黨的十八大以來,人民軍隊浴火重生、轉型重塑,全軍部隊以能打仗、打勝仗為根本著眼點,把繁榮發展強軍文化作為催生戰鬥力的有力舉措,與戰鬥力生成緊密結合在一起,與軍隊主責主業緊密結合在一起,不斷提升強軍文化對戰鬥力的貢獻率,充分彰顯了強軍文化在練兵備戰中的戰鬥功能。

繁榮發展支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化,必須以習近平強軍思想為指導,把準主脈、突出重點,著力培塑以戰鬥文化、聯合文化、部隊特色文化等為主體內容的強軍文化體系。

培育能打勝仗的戰鬥文化。戰鬥文化反映強軍文化的內在本質,決定強軍文化的價值定位和價值取向。戰鬥文化是歷經軍事鬥爭實踐錘煉、淘洗、積蓄形成的血性文化,具有深厚的文化底蘊、強烈的戰鬥特性和鮮明的時代特徵,其價值功能主要表現為強化打仗意識、提升作戰本領、砥礪戰鬥精神,是戰鬥力的重要構成要素,是強軍文化體系的主體,是人民軍隊打贏制勝的重要法寶。培育戰鬥文化,要著力強化官兵當兵打仗、帶兵打仗、練兵打仗的責任擔當,「一不怕苦、二不怕死」的戰鬥精神和英勇頑強、敢打必勝的戰鬥品質,切實把戰鬥力標準作為繁榮發展強軍文化的基本著力點和根本落腳點,作為檢驗強軍文化建設質效的根本尺度。

培育聯合製勝的聯合文化。現代戰爭無戰不聯、無聯不勝,基本作戰樣式是一體化聯合作戰。聯合文化是基於打贏現代戰爭所具備的聯合知識體系、價值觀念、思維方式和行為規範的總和,廣泛滲透於聯合作戰體制編制、力量結構、行為準則和模式之中。它就像看不見的手,有力地推動著聯合作戰體係從“形聯”到“神聯”,從“芯聯芯”到“心連心”。培育聯合文化,要依托任務牽引與聯演聯訓,鑄牢官兵聽黨指揮的政治靈魂,培塑聯合製勝的作戰理念,完善聯合作戰的知識體系,錘煉一體聯動的思維方式,培育共同的情感和價值,強固穩定的集體心理認同,凝聚牢不可破的打贏意志。

培育豐富多彩的部隊特色文化。一花獨放不是春,百花齊放春滿園。我軍在軍事實踐中形成了各具特色的軍兵種文化,有陸軍的“裝甲鐵流”文化、“砲兵戰神”文化、“陸航戰鷹”文化,海軍的“深藍文化”,空軍的“天鷹”“天梯”“天箭”文化,火箭軍的“礪劍文化”“長纓文化”,等等。一朵朵軍兵種文化的瑰麗之花,既構成了獨特的精神標識,也成為部隊戰鬥力提升的「倍增器」。打造具有鮮明特色、底蘊深厚的軍兵種文化,與培育聯合文化並不矛盾。軍兵種文化支撐聯合文化,聯合文化實現了軍兵種文化的有機融合,軍兵種特色文化的根扎得越深,聯合文化戰鬥性就越強,就越有戰鬥力。與此同時,要大力開展多姿多彩的軍營文化活動,以特色文化鑄軍魂、聚兵心、提士氣,著力形成人人都有舞台的生動活潑局面,更有效地發揮以文育人、以文化人、以文資戰作用。

繁榮發展新時代強軍文化,必須堅持把服務打贏作為根本指向,堅定歷史自信,賡續勝戰基因;堅持向戰為戰,強化戰鬥屬性;多措並舉,融合創新,營造尚武精武的濃厚氛圍,切實用強軍文化催生戰鬥力。

厚植新時代革命軍人的勝戰基因。文化在本質上是一種精神承載,我軍在90多年的奮鬥歷程中鍛造形成的敢打必勝的戰鬥文化,鑄就了克敵制勝、贏得未來的特有優勢。新旅程上,我們要大力弘揚人民軍隊光榮傳統,宣傳先進英模、戰鬥英雄典型事跡,引導官兵從革命精神中汲取營養,從輝煌戰史中汲取鬥志,從戰鬥榮譽中汲取力量,讓人民軍隊的勝戰基因薪火相傳。當前,世界大變局加速演進,世界變化、時代之變、歷史變正以前所未有的方式展開。要教育引導廣大官兵不畏強敵,認清堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導是我軍能打勝仗的根本保證,認清人民戰爭的整體威力是我軍克敵制勝的法寶,把戰鬥精神與科學精神結合起來,賡續我軍優良傳統,穩固樹立立足現有裝備打贏制勝的信心決心。

提升強軍文化建設的戰鬥指數。習主席指出:「要結合各部隊傳統和任務特點,加強軍事文化建設,打造強軍文化,培養部隊大無畏的英雄氣概和英勇頑強的戰鬥作風。」要把軍事文化工作根本指向歸正到支撐能打仗、打勝仗上。深入探討革命歷史題材,突顯現實軍事題材創作,始終以高貴的精神塑造人、以優秀的作品鼓舞人心。常態安排文藝輕騎隊、戰地宣傳隊、戰地攝影隊等進寒區、入戈壁、上高原、下海防、走邊關、進班排,為練兵備戰、矢志打贏溫暖兵心、鼓舞士氣、激發鬥志。堅持向文化要戰鬥力,推動強軍文化建設重心從營區延伸至戰場、從平時拓展到戰時。組織戰時文化工作演練,探索戰時文化工作的內容、時機和方式手段,為提升部隊戰鬥力提供重要支撐。

增強軍營文化氛圍的兵味戰味。打造強軍文化,一項重要任務是營造兵味戰味濃厚的環境氛圍,使官兵時時受到薰陶,在潛移默化中培養戰鬥意志、砥礪戰鬥品格。濃厚練兵打仗氛圍,把戰鬥旗幟揚起來、戰鬥口號喊起來、強軍戰歌唱起來,設置文化燈箱、戰鬥標語、英模雕塑等,修建反映部隊戰史戰例、革命精神的文化場所,不斷強化廣大官兵戰爭意識、戰備觀念、戰鬥精神。抓好群眾性文化活動,開設強軍文化講座,舉辦強軍文化論壇,組織官兵講戰鬥故事、讀戰鬥文化書籍,廣泛開展刺殺格鬥訓練和比武競賽活動,激發官兵敢戰能戰善戰的血性膽氣。創新方式方法,將時代元素、科學技術與文化藝術結合起來,運用VR、AR、MR等科技手段,打造戰場文化模擬室等,讓官兵「身臨其境」感受戰場氛圍、錘煉打贏能力。

(作者單位:陸軍黨的創新理論研究中心)

中國原創軍事資源:http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16279540888.html

How Can Chinese Military Research Institutes Achieve “accelerated” Innovation in National Defense Science and Technology?

中國軍事科學研究院所如何實現國防科技創新「加速」?

現代英語:

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution is accelerating, and emerging fields such as space and the Internet will become the focus of future competition. The rapid development of science and technology, the ever-changing weapons and equipment and combat methods have put forward new requirements for military research institutes to conduct full-domain battlefield research.

Standing at the forefront of the times, how can military research institutes promote the implementation of the national defense science and technology innovation strategy and transform scientific research results into real combat effectiveness? How can we achieve the transition from “squatting to running” to “jumping” in scientific and technological innovation and achieve “acceleration” in scientific and technological innovation? Please read the news investigation brought by the PLA Daily reporter from the National Defense Engineering Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences.

Defense Science and Technology Innovation: Forging a Powerful Engine to Enhance National Defense Strength

■China National Defense News reporter Pan Di and special correspondent Zhao Jie

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution is accelerating, and emerging fields such as space and the Internet will become the focus of future competition. The rapid development of science and technology, the ever-changing weapons and equipment and combat methods have put forward new requirements for military research institutes to conduct full-domain battlefield research.

President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation and vigorously improve the ability of independent innovation in national defense science and technology when attending the plenary meeting of the PLA and armed police delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress. Standing at the forefront of the times, how can military research institutes promote the implementation of national defense science and technology innovation strategies and transform scientific research results into real combat effectiveness? How can we achieve the transition from “squatting to running” to “jumping” in scientific and technological innovation and achieve “acceleration” in scientific and technological innovation? Please see the news investigation brought by reporters from the National Defense Engineering Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences.

Research direction——

We must work hard to study and strive for the future, and never lose our ambition

In late March, at a research institute of the National Defense Engineering Research Institute, researchers who had completed the experimental content of a project were busy collecting, organizing and analyzing data, which also meant that a forward-looking topic they had been studying had entered the finalization stage.

A few years ago, when the concept of a certain type of weapon was just proposed, researchers were keenly aware that with the continuous development of science and technology, once this type of weapon breaks through the technical barriers and is successfully developed, it will bring new challenges to the construction of national defense projects. Time waits for no one, and they have planned in detail the research direction of the subject and the key issues that need to be solved in combination with the current status of my country’s national defense projects. Today, the project team has basically mastered the damage effect of a certain new type of weapon on the target, and has proposed a new protection concept accordingly.

The successful completion of the project stems from the accurate aiming of the scientific research target, and the establishment of the scientific research direction is due to the keen insight and foresight of the scientific research team. This kind of forward-looking research is not an isolated case in the institute.

Engineer Han Yu recalled that as early as the 1980s, the research staff of the institute proposed the research direction of information warfare in the future war based on the development trend of warfare. After extensive data collection, investigation and understanding of the situation, and analysis of research rules, they outlined a forward-looking development blueprint for this research direction.

Thanks to the long-term research accumulation on informationized combat styles, after the institute formally established the relevant protection research laboratory last year, the laboratory’s researchers have been advancing related scientific research topics in an orderly and intensive manner.

The application and research cycle of a project is long, ranging from a few years to more than ten years, or even longer. If the research topic lacks foresight, the scientific research direction is not closely connected to the battlefield, and the results are difficult to help improve the combat effectiveness of the troops, it will inevitably cause a waste of manpower and material resources. In response to this situation, the institute clearly requires: “For research topics related to national defense projects, if they are not practical and forward-looking, they will not be allowed to be established.”

“Our research results usually have to be tested in the training ground, and the opinions and suggestions from the troops are summarized and collected on the feedback form, which provides an important reference basis for the next step of scientific research.” Wang Mingzhe, an engineer who is about to visit a certain test site, told reporters that in order to make the research topics stand the test of future wars, the researchers of the institute often go to plateaus and islands, and travel all over the country to investigate, inspect and demonstrate.

A few years ago, when conducting research in the army, researchers discovered that the camouflage cloth used by a brigade during a live-fire exercise was not conducive to camouflage and cover in special terrain. In response to the problem, researchers quickly organized a research project and designed a new information-based shielding system and cloth, making battlefield laying more convenient, faster, more confusing and concealed.

“When attending the plenary meeting of the People’s Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi stressed the need to pay close attention to the development trends of world military technology and weaponry. Indeed, conducting scientific research is like fighting a war. Only with a forward-looking vision can we win the commanding heights in overcoming difficult problems and seize the initiative for victory.” Speaking of the institute’s project approval standards, researcher Liu Ruichao said with emotion that scientific research in the field of national defense engineering must conform to the latest trends in combat styles and weapon development, and take one step ahead while being down-to-earth.

Scientific research talents——

How can the water be so clear? Because it comes from a source of fresh water.

“Look, these are the cracks that appeared after treatment…” On the afternoon of March 13, a laboratory of the institute was occasionally filled with the sound of machines roaring and explanations of experimental content.

In the laboratory, the reporter saw a soldier with gray hair in military uniform. Researcher Chen Anmin told the reporter that the old man was Gu Jincai, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the voice just heard outside the door was Academician Gu explaining the experiment content to the young backbone.

As an academician, the scientific research tasks are already very busy and there is no need for him to always be on the front line. However, Academician Gu, who is already 80 years old, still insists on patiently and meticulously teaching his apprentices and leading the team.

“Academician Gu and his group of veteran comrades have been working on the front line since the establishment of the unit, providing hands-on training and guidance to scientific researchers. I am especially grateful to the predecessors for their guidance and support in getting to where I am today.” Engineer Ma Dongliang is deeply impressed by the good atmosphere of the institute.

In 2009, Ma Dongliang was assigned to a research institute in the Central Plains. As a new employee, Ma Dongliang, who had not yet understood the content of his job, thought he would be assigned to do some “odd jobs” such as organizing documents. What he did not expect was that he was entrusted with an important task as soon as he arrived at the unit and participated in a major protection research project throughout the process.

“The project team is full of teachers with many books, and I, a ‘rookie’, can complete the project tasks?” Ma Dongliang recalled that he was both excited and terrified at the time. After working in the institute for a long time, he learned that the institute would formulate a capacity improvement plan for each key talent, formulate a targeted training plan for those with development potential, and cultivate a team of key talents through job training, sending students to study, cooperation and exchange, etc.

At the 2017 National Science and Technology Awards Commendation Conference, the project in which Ma Dongliang participated won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. What surprised him was that the project leader put him in the position of the seventh author after considering everyone’s contribution, which is not only an honor but also a spur and encouragement for young researchers.

“My contribution to scientific research has not been ignored just because I am young. This is also an important reason why our young backbones stay here to concentrate on scientific research. The evaluation of awards focuses on professional ability and contribution. When evaluating and adjusting positions, it is not based on awards or achievements, but on comprehensive evaluation.” Ma Dongliang told reporters that he is currently working on four projects at the same time, working more than 10 hours a day, and working overtime on weekends is the norm. As he said, this fair competition method and evaluation mechanism make them “excited” and “energized” to do scientific research here.

Like Ma Dongliang, there are many young backbones born in the 1980s who like the talent training atmosphere of the institute and engage in scientific research and have achieved success and development. Some have become senior engineers, and some have served as laboratory leaders. A large number of scientific research backbones have grown rapidly here.

Research conditions——

The phoenix will come to roost when the phoenix tree is lush and leafy.

If information technology is the “multiplier” of combat effectiveness, then scientific research conditions are the “incubator” that gives birth to innovative results.

During the interview at the research institute, the reporter found that the place where the researchers spent the longest time was the test site.

At a test site of the institute, the reporter met Associate Researcher Xu Xiangyun who was preparing the test content. He told the reporter that each research room has several laboratories or test sites built according to the needs of scientific research projects. In addition to purchasing local mature technology products, most of the equipment is independently developed. A new type of test equipment next to him was developed and put into use last year.

At the end of 2012, a new type of weapon was released abroad. According to information obtained by scientific and technological personnel, its attack performance and its destructiveness to protective projects are astonishing, and it is likely to cause many protective projects to lose their due effectiveness.

As it concerns the safety of national defense projects, researchers need to find out the relevant performance of this type of weapon as soon as possible, and to obtain the most accurate information, they need to conduct relevant tests. Because it is a new type of weapon, there is no alternative test method in China, and it often takes 3 years or even longer to apply for the development of test equipment. This practical problem made the researchers of the institute frown. What should they do?

“A special research team composed of academicians and experts will be established to work together to overcome difficulties.” After the researchers reported the situation, the institute also invited experts in related fields from all over the country to discuss the matter. After multiple scientific discussions, they immediately decided to start the development of the test equipment as soon as possible.

In 2015, the Institute developed a certain type of test equipment when most similar test equipment in China could only be used in a fixed manner. With the test equipment, the research team quickly began to apply for a certain evaluation test project. Today, the research team has successfully conducted tests such as weapon power research and target damage, and has proposed new protection concepts and structures accordingly.

“Today, a big challenge facing military research institutions is how to fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and innovation of researchers. We must try our best to provide researchers with advanced research conditions in a timely manner to ensure innovative research.” said the leader of the institute. In recent years, they have successively built an engineering comprehensive demonstration environment laboratory with an area of ​​more than 1,000 square meters and more than 200 sets of equipment and software, as well as dynamic and static load test platforms.

If you want to do your work well, you must first sharpen your tools. At present, while continuing to implement the tasks of scientific research conditions construction, the institute focuses on the current situation at home and abroad and the development trend of related majors, actively plans new scientific research conditions construction projects, and promotes the application of the “Major Underground Engineering Safety” National Key Laboratory. A project aimed at the protection technology research of the world’s cutting-edge weapons will be carried out in the newly built simulation test center…

Accelerate national defense science and technology innovation

■Weidong

At the plenary meeting of the PLA and Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integration innovation system, and vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology. This important thought profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development and points out the direction for the prosperity and development of modern military science.

In recent years, as the strategic commanding heights of science and technology have accelerated their development to the deep earth, deep sea and deep space, the forms of war and combat styles have undergone profound changes, and the process of transforming combat theories into battlefield actions and technology into equipment has continued to accelerate, and the cycle has been further shortened. Many military powers have seen the dawn of intelligent military transformation and have launched a new round of military technology innovation.

In the face of the ever-changing technological development, military research institutes must take the lead in the national defense science and technology game, take the opportunity of reshaping the military research system, stand at the overall height of ensuring victory in the informationized war, step up the strategic transformation, and firmly grasp the “bull’s nose” of independent innovation, so as to take the initiative in the grand journey of becoming world-class.

Qian Xuesen once said that national defense science and technology innovation must not be satisfied with “chasing tail” or “looking in the mirror”. Military research institutes should be bold in their ideas, have the courage to emancipate their minds, break the mindset, make macro plans for their long-term development, and optimize the top-level design. At the same time, they should also carry out forward-looking demonstrations of the needs for the development of national defense science and technology innovation, independently and proactively carry out basic, leading, and disruptive innovative technology research, keenly discover new directions and new fields for the generation of new quality combat effectiveness, and strive to stand at the forefront and be at the forefront of the world’s military science and technology competition.

It is the duty of the general to not forget to fight while defending; it is the duty of the soldiers to be well-prepared for training. Focusing on actual combat is both a goal and a guide. Military research institutes should firmly establish the idea of ​​research for combat, implement President Xi’s instructions and requirements of “facing the battlefield, facing the troops, and facing the future”, and follow the requirements of “improving joint combat capabilities and all-domain combat capabilities based on network information systems”. We should strive to conduct research in the way the war is fought and what is needed for the war, focus on improving the contribution rate of military research and innovation to the combat effectiveness of the troops, and continuously provide strong scientific and technological support for strengthening the army.

A first-class army needs first-class scientific research units, and first-class scientific research units need first-class talents. Only when talents emerge in competition can there be a burst of innovative vitality. Military scientific research institutes should always adhere to the awareness of talent cultivation as the main battlefield, highlight the cultivation of creative thinking and innovative capabilities of military scientific researchers, rely on first-class military talents to create first-class military theories and first-class military technology, and implant the winning genes for decoding future wars into the body of the army.

President Xi stressed that we should focus on the coordinated innovation of military and civilian science and technology in key areas. The fields of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment are the focus of military-civilian integration. As military research institutes, we should focus on meeting national strategic needs, integrating into the national scientific research system, strengthening the coordinated research of major projects, and strengthening the deep integration of industry, academia and research. Relying on the superior resources of the military and the local government, we should strengthen the strategic cooperation between the military and the local government, build a service platform for the joint research and sharing of national defense science and technology achievements, the joint construction and sharing of conditions and facilities, and the connection of common standards between the military and the local government, and form a new situation of open, integrated and innovative development of national defense science and technology.

Stride forward, reshape and reconstruct is not a minor repair, and must not be a small fight. We must seize the opportunity of the start, release the starting momentum, take steps and speed up in key areas, important directions and major tasks, and create new models and set new benchmarks as soon as possible, so as to take the lead in achieving leading results in the world military science and technology competition, occupy a number of strategic commanding heights and winning points, use first-class military technology to create a first-class combat offense and defense system, and gradually achieve the goal of building a first-class army.

(Author’s unit: National Defense Engineering Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences)

Military scientific and technological innovation should focus on basic scientific research, improve basic scientific research support capabilities, and lay a solid foundation for national defense scientific and technological innovation.

In recent years, we have made great progress in the field of national defense science and technology, but there is still a gap with foreign countries in some key technologies, mainly because the basic research is not solid enough, and there is still room for improvement in professional basic theoretical research, digital military simulation platform development, large-scale distributed numerical computing technology, etc. These factors have restricted the scientific research progress and development in the military field to a certain extent, affecting the emergence and breakthroughs of cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations.

Basic key technologies cannot be bought, and you will not get far if you rely on buying second-hand technologies from abroad. We should start from the aspects of top-level planning design, scientific research management system, and incentive mechanism for scientific researchers, attach importance to and support basic research work, carry out basic research work in depth, and enhance original innovation capabilities.

Military research institutions must break down the “barriers” between the military and civilian science and technology systems, and focus on collaborative innovation in military and civilian science and technology in key areas.

With the rapid development of high-tech weapons and equipment, the styles and forms of warfare are constantly changing, which puts higher requirements on battlefield construction. We must actively explore many disciplines such as earth sciences, high-tech equipment manufacturing, and automatic control, and study the construction of a full-domain intelligent battlefield.

Based on this, military research units need to cooperate with local governments to jointly carry out in-depth engineering research, integrate high-quality local military resources in the fields of electronic information, drones, artificial intelligence and bionics, and use the best scientific and technological resources in the country to build a modern military force system. For our national defense engineering field, we must attach importance to promoting the application of building information modeling (BIM) in military engineering and realize the informationization and refined management of engineering construction and operation and maintenance.

Innovation-driven development is essentially talent-driven. Whoever possesses first-class innovative talents will have the advantage and dominance in scientific and technological innovation.

At present, the most urgent need for strengthening national defense and military construction is talent; looking to the future, the core of achieving leapfrog development in military construction is still talent. Only by fully driving the talent training engine can we strongly promote independent innovation in national defense science and technology.

Many years of experience in scientific research have made me feel that talent cultivation is a systematic project and strategic task. We need to focus on the overall situation, strengthen top-level design, scientifically set up echelons, and strive to create a vivid situation where outstanding talents emerge and everyone competes to be a “maker” in the military camp. Talent cultivation has its inherent characteristics and laws. It cannot be achieved overnight or in a short period of time. We need to firmly establish a scientific concept of talent cultivation, with the ideological realm and confidence and courage of “success does not have to be mine, but the effort will not be in vain”, and work hard for a long time and continue to relay, so as to turn the talent cultivation blueprint into reality and provide solid talent support for the development of the military through science and technology.

Conducting military scientific research is like fighting a war. Only with a forward-looking vision can you gain the commanding heights in overcoming difficult problems and seize the initiative for victory.

In recent years, national defense science and technology at home and abroad has developed rapidly, the all-round reconnaissance technology integrating land, sea, air and space has been continuously improved, the use of troops and weapons supported by highly information technology on the battlefield and the emergence of new weapons have greatly changed the combat style and characteristics of future wars. Scientific researchers must deeply grasp and base themselves on the characteristics of future wars and carry out innovative scientific research in a targeted manner.

Specifically in the field of national defense engineering research, military researchers must keep up with the forefront of the development of world weapons and equipment and protection technology, and focus on preventing both “hard kill” and “soft kill”; they must pay attention to the protection of key parts as well as the protection of the overall system; they must do a good job in passive protection, and also track and study active protection and new weapon protection technologies, promote disruptive technological innovation, and strive to improve the battlefield survivability and combat support capabilities of national defense engineering.

現代國語:

目前,新一輪科技革命、工業革命、軍事革命正加速推進,太空、網路等新興領域將成為未來競爭的焦點。科學技術日新月異,武器裝備和作戰方式日新月異,對軍事科學研究院所進行全域戰場研究提出了新的要求。

站在時代前沿,軍隊科學研究院所如何推動國防科技創新戰略實施,將科學研究成果轉化為現實戰力?如何實現科技創新從“蹲著跑”到“跳起來”,實現科技創新“加速”?請閱讀解放軍報記者軍事科學院國防工程研究所帶來的新聞調查。

國防科技創新:為提升國防實力鍛造強大引擎

■中國國防報記者 潘娣 特約記者 趙傑

目前,新一輪科技革命、產業革命、軍事革命加速推進,太空、網路等新興領域將成為未來的爭奪焦點。快速發展的科學技術、日新月異的武器裝備及作戰方式,給軍科研院所提出了全域戰場研究的新要求。

習主席出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調,加強國防科技創新,並大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。挺立時代潮頭,軍事科研院所如何推進國防科技創新戰略落地生根,把科學研究成果轉化為實實在在的戰鬥力?如何實現科技創新“深蹲助跑”到“起跳跨越”,跑出科技創新“加速度”?請看記者從軍事科學院國防工程研究院帶來的新聞調查。

科學研究方向——

躬身必以研為戰,望遠不墜鯤鵬志

3月下旬,在國防工程研究院某研究所,已經完成某專案試驗內容的科研人員正在緊張地進行資料的蒐集、整理與分析,這也意味著他們潛心鑽研的某前瞻性課題進入結題階段。

幾年前,某型武器的概念剛被提出時,科研人員就敏銳地認識到:隨著科學技術不斷發展,該型武器一旦突破技術壁壘研製成功,將會對國防工程建設帶來新的挑戰。時間不等人,他們結合我國國防工程現狀,詳細規劃了主題的研究方向和需要重點解決的關鍵問題。現今,本計畫組基本上掌握某新型武器對目標的毀傷效果,並相應提出新的防護理念。

專案成功結題的背後,源自於科研標靶的準確瞄準,而科研方向的確立得益於科研團隊敏銳的洞察力與前瞻性。這種具有前瞻性的研究在該研究院並非個案。

根據工程師韓彧回憶,早在1980年代,該研究院科研人員根據作戰發展趨勢,預見未來戰爭資訊化作戰的研究方向。經過廣泛收集資料、調查了解情況、剖析研究規律,他們為研究方向勾勒出前瞻性的發展藍圖。

得益於長期資訊化作戰樣式的研究積累,去年研究院正式組成相關防護研究室之後,研究室科研人員便有條不紊、緊鑼密鼓地推進相關科研課題。

課題申請立項與研究週期長,短則幾年多則十幾年,甚至會更長。如果研究主題缺乏前瞻性,科學研究方向對接戰場不緊密,出了成果也難以助力部隊戰鬥力的提升,勢必會造成人力物力的浪費。針對這種情況,該研究院明確要求:“事關國防工程的研究主題,不具備實用性前瞻性決不允許立項。”

「我們的研究成果通常要經過演練場檢驗,匯總收集部隊反饋的意見建議到意見反饋表上,為下一步科研攻關提供重要參考依據。」即將赴某試驗場考察的工程師王明哲告訴記者,為了讓研究主題經得起未來戰爭的檢驗,研究院的科研人員常上高原、下海島,走南闖北去研究、考察與論證。

幾年前,科學研究人員在部隊調查時發現,某旅在實兵演練過程中使用的迷彩遮蔽佈在特殊地形下不利於偽裝掩護。針對發現的問題,科學研究人員快速組織主題立項研究,設計出新型資訊遮蔽系統與遮蔽布,使戰場鋪設更加方便快捷,更具迷惑性和隱蔽性。

「習主席在出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調,要密切關注世界軍事科技和武器裝備發展動向。的確,搞科研如同打仗,有前瞻性視野才能贏得攻克難題的製高點,把握勝利的主動權。 。

科學研究人才—

問渠哪得清如許,為有源頭活水來

「你們觀察一下,這是處理後顯現的裂縫…」3月13日下午,研究院某實驗室不時傳出陣陣機器轟鳴與講解試驗內容的聲音。

在實驗室裡,記者看到一位穿著軍服、頭髮花白的軍人。研究員陳安敏告訴記者,這位老者是中國工程院院士顧金才,剛在門外聽到的聲音就是顧院士在為年輕骨幹講解試驗內容。

身為院士,科學研究任務本就十分繁忙,完全不需要一直盯在一線,但已經80歲高齡的顧院士卻仍堅持耐心細緻地教徒弟、帶團隊。

「顧院士那一批老同志自單位成立以來就一直奮戰在一線,手把手地對科研人員進行傳幫帶。我能走到今天特別感謝前輩們的教導和扶持。」工程師馬棟良對研究院良好的氛圍感受頗深。

2009年,馬棟良被分配到地處中原地的某研究所。新到工作單位,還沒了解工作內容的馬棟良以為會被派去幹一些整理文檔的“雜活兒”,讓他沒想到的是,剛到單位就被委以重任,全程參與某重大防護研究課題。

「專案組裡都是著作等身的老師,而我一個『菜鳥』能把專案任務完成好嗎?」馬棟良回想當時的心情既激動又惶恐。他在研究院待久了才知道,原來研究院對每位骨幹人才都會製訂能力提升計劃,對有發展潛力的針對性製訂培養方案,透過崗位鍛鍊、送學培養、合作交流等方式,培養骨幹人才方隊。

在2017年度國家科學技術獎勵表揚大會上,馬棟良參與的這個計畫獲得國家科學技術進步獎二等獎。讓他既驚訝又意外的是,專案組組長綜合考慮每個人的貢獻後,將他放在了第七作者的位置,這對年輕科研人員來說既是榮譽,更是鞭策和激勵。

「並沒有因為年輕就忽略我在科研中的貢獻,這也是我們年輕骨幹留在這裡潛心搞科研的重要原因。評獎看重專業能力與所作所為,在評職調級時不唯獎不唯成果,而是依據綜合性評估。如他所說,這種公平的競爭方式與評價機制,讓他們在這裡搞科研「得勁兒」「有勁兒」。

而和馬棟良一樣,喜歡研究院人才培養氛圍而深耕科研,並取得成就與發展的「80後」年輕骨幹不在少數,有的成為了高級工程師,有的擔任了研究室領導,一大批科研骨幹在這裡快速成長起來。

科學研究條件——

梧桐枝繁葉茂,自有鳳凰來棲

如果資訊科技是戰鬥力的“倍增器”,那麼科研條件就是催生創新成果的“孵化器”。

在研究院採訪的日子裡,記者發現科學研究人員待得最久的地方就是試驗場。

在研究院某試驗場地,記者見到正在準備試驗內容的副研究員徐翔雲,他告訴記者,每個研究室都有幾處根據科研項目需求建造的實驗室或試驗場,除了購置地方技術成熟的產品,大部分是自主研發的設備,他身旁的某新型試驗設備就是去年研發投入使用的。

2012年年底,國外發布了一款新型武器,根據科技人員掌握到的情況,其攻擊性能及其對防護工程的破壞性令人吃驚,很可能會導致許多防護工程失去其應有的效用。

關乎國防工程的安全問題,科學研究人員要盡快摸清該型武器的相關性能,而要掌握到最準確的資料,需要進行相關試驗。由於是新型武器,國內尚未有可以作為替代的試驗手段,而要報項申請研發試驗裝備,往往需要3年甚至更長的時間。這個現實難題讓研究院科研人員皺緊了眉頭,怎麼辦?

「成立由院士專家組成的專題課題攻關小組,群策群力攻堅克難。」科研人員報告情況後,研究院還請來全國相關領域的專家探討,經過多方科學論證,他們當即拍板兒,盡快開展試驗設備的研發。

2015年,在國內大多數同類型試驗裝備只能固定使用的情況下,研究院研發出某型試驗裝備。有了試驗裝備,課題組很快就開始進行某評估試驗課題的申報工作。如今,該研究小組成功進行武器威力研究、目標毀傷情況等試驗,並相應提出新的防護理念和結構。

「如今,軍事科研機構面臨的很大一個難題,就是如何充分調動科研人員的積極性、主動性和創新性。我們要盡力為科研人員及時提供先進的科研條件,保障創新研究。」該研究院領導說。近年來,他們先後建造1000多平方公尺、200餘台(套)設備軟體的工程綜合論證環境實驗室、動載和靜載試驗平台。

工欲善其事,必先利其器。目前,該研究院在持續抓好科研條件建設任務落實的同時,著眼於國內外現狀與相關專業的發展趨勢,積極籌劃新的科研條件建設項目,推動“重大地下工程安全”國家重點試驗室等申報工作。瞄準世界前沿武器的防護技術研究的某個主題將在剛建成的模擬試驗中心開展…

跑出國防科技創新“加速”

■衛東

習主席在出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調,要加強國防科技創新,加速建立軍民融合創新體系,大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這一重要思想,深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律,為繁榮發展現代軍事科學指明了前進方向。

近年來,隨著科技戰略制高點朝向深地、深海、深空加速發展,戰爭形態和作戰樣式深刻嬗變,作戰理論轉化為戰場行動、技術物化為裝備的進程不斷加快,週期進一步縮短。不少軍事強國看到了智慧化軍事變革破曉的訊號,紛紛啟動新一輪軍事技術革新。

軍事競爭唯創新者勝。面對日新月異的科技發展態勢,軍事科研院所必須在國防科技博弈中率先投子佈勢、走開棋路,以軍事科研體系重塑為契機,站在保障打贏資訊化戰爭的全局高度,加緊推進戰略轉型,緊緊扭住自主創新這個“牛鼻子”,才能在邁進世界一流的宏闊征程中下好先手棋,掌握主動權。

錢學森曾說過,國防科技創新絕對不能滿足於「追尾巴」「照鏡子」。軍事科學研究院所應大膽構想,勇於解放思想,破除思維定式,對其長遠發展進行宏觀規劃,優化頂層設計。同時,也應進行前瞻性國防科技發展創新需求論證,自主超前展開基礎性、先導性、顛覆性創新技術研究,敏銳發現新質戰鬥力生成的新方向新領域,努力在世界軍事科技競爭中站上前沿、走在前面。

守不忘戰,將之任也;訓練有備,兵之事也。聚焦實戰是目標,也是牽引。軍事科研院所應牢固樹立研為戰思想,貫徹習主席「面向戰場、面向部隊、面向未來」的指示要求,按照「提高基於網路資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全域作戰能力」的要求,努力做到仗怎麼打科學研究就怎麼搞,打仗需要什麼科學研究就搞什麼,著力提升軍事科學研究創新對部隊戰鬥力的貢獻率,不斷為強軍興軍提供強而有力的科技支撐。

一流的軍隊需要一流的科學研究單位,一流的科學研究單位需要一流的人才。只有人才競相湧現,才有創新活力迸發。軍事科研院所應始終堅持人才培養的主陣地意識,突顯對軍事科研工作者創造性思維、創新型能力的培養,靠一流軍事人才創造一流軍事理論和一流軍事科技,為軍隊的肌體植入解碼未來戰爭的致勝基因。

習主席強調,要突顯抓好重點領域軍民科技協同創新。國防科技與武器裝備領域是軍民融合的重點,作為軍事科研院所,應注重對接國家戰略需求,融入國家科研體系,加強重大項目協同攻關,強化產研深度融合。依托軍地優勢資源,強化軍地戰略協作,建構國防科技成果共研共享、條件設施共建共用、通用標準軍地銜接的服務平台,形成國防科技開放融合創新發展新局面。

闊步前進,重塑重構不是小修小補,絕不能小打小鬧。必須抓住開局契機,釋放起跑動能,在重點領域、重要方向和重大任務上把步子邁起來、速度提上去,盡快打造新樣板,樹起新標桿,從而在世界軍事科技競爭中率先取得引領性成果,佔據若干戰略制高點、致勝點,以一流軍事科技打造一流作戰攻防體系,逐步實現一流軍隊的建設目標。

(作者單位:軍事科學學院國防工程研究院)

軍事科技創新要聚焦基礎科學研究,提升基礎研究支撐能力,築牢國防科技創新的根基。

近年來,我們在國防科技領域取得非常大的進展,但在一些關鍵技術上和國外仍存在差距,主要是因為基礎性研究不夠紮實,在專業基礎理論研究、數位化軍事模擬平台研發、大型分散式數值計算技術等方面仍有待提升。這些因素都在一定程度上限制了軍事領域的科研進步與發展,影響著前沿引領技術、現代工程技術、顛覆性技術創新等方面的產生與突破。

基礎性關鍵技術絕對買不來,靠從國外買二手技術是走不遠的。若要從規劃頂層設計、研究管理制度、研究人員激勵機制等面向入手,實際重視與扶持基礎研究工作,深入進行基礎研究工作,提升原始創新能力。

軍事科研機構必須破除軍民科技體系之間的“藩籬”,突顯抓好重點領域軍民科技協同創新。

隨著當前高新技術武器裝備迅速發展,戰爭樣式和形態推陳出新,對戰場建設提出了更高要求,要積極探索地球科學、高新技術裝備製造、自動控制等眾多學科,研究全局智能戰場建設。

基於此,軍事科研單位需要和地方協同合作,共同做好深部工程研究,在電子資訊、無人機、人工智慧和仿生技術等高新科技研究方向,整合軍隊地方優質資源,用全國最優質的科技資源建構現代軍事力量體系。對我們國防工程領域而言,要重視推進建築資訊模型(BIM)在軍事工程的應用,實現工程建設與運作維護的資訊化、精細化管理。

創新驅動實質上是人才驅動,誰擁有了一流的創新人才,誰就擁有了科技創新的優勢和主導權。

著眼當下,加強國防和軍隊建設最緊張的就是人才;放眼未來,實現軍隊建設跨越式發展最核心的還是人才。全力驅動人才培養引擎,才能強勢助推國防科技自主創新。

多年的科學研究工作經驗使我感到,人才培育工作是一項系統工程和策略任務,需要著眼全局,加強頂層設計,科學設置梯次,著力形成優秀人才競相湧現、人人爭當軍營「創客」的生動局面。人才培育有其固有的特點和規律,不可能一蹴而就、短期速成,需要牢固樹立科學的人才培養觀,以「功成不必在我,而功力必不唐捐」的思想境界和信心勇氣,久久為功、持續接力,才能把人才培養藍圖變成現實,為科技興軍提供堅實的人才支撐。

搞軍事科研如同打仗,有前瞻性視野才能贏得攻克難題的製高點,把握勝利的主動權。

近年來,國內外國防科技快速發展,陸海空天一體的全方位偵察技術不斷提升,戰場中以高度資訊化技術為支撐的兵力武器運用以及新式武器的問世,大大改變了未來戰爭的作戰樣式和特徵,科學研究人員要深刻掌握並立足未來戰爭特點,有針對性地進行創新性科學研究工作。

具體到國防工程研究領域,軍事科研人員要緊跟世界武器裝備和防護技術發展的前沿,既要注重防“硬殺傷”,也要注重防“軟殺傷”;既要注重對要害部位的防護,也要注重整體系統防護;既要搞好被動防護,也要追蹤研究主動防護和新型武器防護技術,推動顛覆性技術創新,努力提升國防工程戰場生存能力和作戰保障能力。

来源:中国军网综合

作者:潘娣 赵杰等责任编辑:柳晨

2018-05-02 

中國原創軍事資源:https://www.81.cn/2018zt/2018-05/02/content_8020899.htm

China to Vigorously Strengthen National Defense Technology Innovation

中國將大力加強國防科技創新

現代英語:

President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integrated innovation system, and vigorously improve the national defense science and technology independent innovation capabilities. This profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development, and points out the direction for comprehensively implementing the strategy of developing the military through science and technology in the new era, creating a new situation for strengthening the military, and promoting the modernization of national defense and the military.

In his important speech at the plenary meeting of the People’s Liberation Army and Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi Jinping pointed out that we should strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integrated innovation system, and vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology. This important thought profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development, points out the direction for comprehensively implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the military through science and technology in the new era, creating a new situation for strengthening and rejuvenating the military, and promoting the modernization of national defense and the military. It has great historical significance and far-reaching practical significance.

Vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology

Only innovators can win in international military competition. We must place innovation in an important position in the overall development of our military, firmly grasp the strategic basis of independent innovation in national defense science and technology, and significantly improve our independent innovation capabilities in national defense science and technology.

Strengthen basic research and key technology research for national strategic needs. President Xi stressed that real core key technologies cannot be bought with money, relying on imported weapons and equipment is unreliable, and taking the path of importing and imitating will not go far. Only by attaching importance to basic research can we always maintain independent innovation capabilities. We must attach great importance to original professional basic theoretical breakthroughs, strengthen the construction of scientific infrastructure, ensure the continuous advancement of basic, systematic, and cutting-edge technology research and technological development, and strengthen the source supply of independent innovation in national defense science and technology. Attach great importance to the development of strategic cutting-edge technologies, especially disruptive technologies, and strengthen forward-looking, leading, exploratory, and disruptive major technology research and new concept research. We must take the weak links in national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment construction as the main direction for promoting independent innovation, focus on breaking through core key technologies, strive to achieve overtaking on the curve, and realize the transformation from following and running side by side to running side by side and leading, so as to seize the strategic commanding heights of national defense science and technology innovation.

Increase the efforts to transform and apply advanced scientific and technological achievements. Exhaust knowledge to gain knowledge, and introspection to gain practical results. President Xi pointed out that only by combining scientific and technological achievements with national needs, people’s demands, and market needs, and completing the three-step jump from scientific research, experimental development, and promotion and application, can we truly realize the value of innovation and achieve innovation-driven development. The purpose of national defense science and technology innovation is application. It must serve the construction of the troops and military struggle preparations, and we must speed up the transformation and application of innovative and breakthrough achievements. The construction of weapons and equipment must be evaluated based on the contribution rate to the combat system, strengthen the guidance of combat needs, implement combat needs throughout the entire process of weapons and equipment development, ensure the actual combat applicability of weapons and equipment, and achieve an organic unity between development and application. The development of national defense science and technology must insist on focusing on actual combat and serving the troops, so that scientific and technological innovation can be well connected and focused with the development of troop construction, and the results of innovation can be transformed into real combat power, promoting the transformation of our military construction towards quality, efficiency and technology intensiveness.

Accelerate the construction of a national defense science and technology innovation system. The 19th CPC National Congress report clearly proposed to strengthen the construction of the national innovation system and enhance strategic scientific and technological strength. The national defense science and technology innovation system should be incorporated into the construction of the national innovation system to enhance the ability of original innovation, integrated innovation, and introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation. Accelerate the construction of innovation infrastructure platforms, promote the military-civilian integration of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment, and consolidate the basic projects of the national defense science and technology innovation system. Accelerate the training of leading talents in national defense science and technology innovation, build a high-quality new military talent team, focus on training joint combat command talents and new combat force talents, and strengthen the intellectual support of the national defense science and technology innovation system. We will vigorously foster an innovative culture and create an atmosphere of innovation in national defense science and technology that encourages innovation, encourages success, and tolerates failure, so that creativity and innovation will become a trend in the military.

Focus on joint innovation of military and civilian science and technology

The development of military-civilian integration is the only way to achieve the balance between development and security, and the unity of enriching the country and strengthening the military. Vigorously carrying out military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation will help promote the transformation of economic development mode and economic structure adjustment, and will help enhance the country’s war potential and national defense strength.

Do a good job in top-level design and strategic planning. The implementation of any strategy must be planned first and planned ahead. Military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation involves the two major systems of the military and the local government and the interests of multiple parties. It is a major strategic project and a long-term and arduous task. We must firmly grasp the focus of strengthening top-level design and draw up a grand blueprint for the military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation system. On the premise of in-depth understanding and grasp of the military-civilian integration strategy, clarify the development status, target orientation, basic principles, etc. of military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation, adhere to scientific coordination, practical guidance, system argumentation, and strengthen legal protection. Comprehensive layout and strategic planning should be carried out to ensure that major national strategic plans, major policies and regulations fully integrate the needs of national defense and military construction, and that the military construction and development plans are aligned with the overall deployment of economic and social development. We should adhere to forward-looking planning, take major scientific and technological projects as the guide, and take the advantages of basic research and strategic high-tech research as the breakthrough point to seize the scientific and technological commanding heights to promote the generation of combat effectiveness and the transformation of economic development methods.

Promote the integrated demonstration and implementation of major scientific and technological projects. The Party Central Committee has determined my country’s long-term strategy for science and technology towards 2030 and decided to implement a number of major scientific and technological projects and engineering projects, which will not only help my country break the situation of being controlled by others in major key core technologies in strategic areas, but also help open up new industrial development directions and cultivate new economic growth points. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Party emphasized the expansion and implementation of major national scientific and technological projects, highlighting key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations. National defense science and technology innovation should pay close attention to the development trends of world military science and technology and weapons and equipment, focus on the country’s major strategic needs, adhere to what to do and what not to do, and timely track, adjust and optimize the deployed major scientific and technological projects and engineering projects to form a systematic layout of succession in stages.

Deepen and expand the military-civilian integration in emerging fields such as ocean, space, cyberspace, biology, and new energy. As the boundaries of scientific exploration become farther and farther, emerging fields such as “three depths and one pole” have become new focuses of strategic competition among major powers. Among them, the deep sea has become a new battlefield with potential opportunities for victory, deep space has become a new strategic fulcrum, the deep blue has opened the “Pandora’s box” of the cyberspace battlefield, and the polar regions have become a battleground for strategic games among powerful countries. Emerging fields are a unified whole of cognitive domain, physical domain, information domain, and industrial domain, and have natural military and civilian attributes. In recent years, countries around the world have generally regarded accelerating the development of military-civilian integration in emerging fields as an important measure to seize the commanding heights of international strategic games. The United States has intensively released the “National Innovation Strategy of the United States” and the “Federal Big Data Research and Development Strategic Plan”, and Russia has issued the “Russian Federation Science and Technology Development Plan”, etc., and has established a military-civilian integration development model in emerging fields. It is necessary to accelerate the formation of a multi-dimensional, coordinated and leapfrog development pattern of military-civilian integration in emerging fields through the joint construction of military and civilian facilities, the sharing of military and civilian technology, and the sharing of military and civilian information, deepen and expand military-civilian integration in emerging fields, and work together to build a strong maritime, aerospace, and cyber power.

Optimize the allocation of technological innovation resources

With the continuous development of science and technology, the characteristics of multi-disciplinary professional cross-clustering and multi-field technology integration are becoming increasingly prominent. We must rely on team strength to pool wisdom and tackle key problems, and integrate scientific research forces and innovative resources to maximize the advantages of all aspects and form an overall synergy to promote national defense science and technology innovation.

Strengthen open sharing to break the closed monopoly. We must firmly grasp the “hard bones” of national defense science and technology innovation and overcome difficulties, focus on strengthening the overall coordination of scientific and technological innovation, and strive to overcome the fragmentation of resources such as scattered and closed resources, cross-duplication, etc. in scientific and technological innovation activities in various fields, departments, and aspects, and avoid “islands” in innovation. Remove all kinds of visible and invisible fences, break the closed monopoly, do a good job in demand docking, planning docking, and task docking, and accelerate the establishment and improvement of an open and shared platform for innovative resources that organically interacts with all subjects, aspects, and links, and collaborates and is efficient, so as to maximize the realization of co-construction, sharing, and sharing. We must focus on improving the basic system of scientific and technological innovation, accelerate the establishment and improvement of the national science and technology reporting system, innovation investigation system, and national science and technology management information system, and significantly improve the level of open sharing of scientific and technological resources.

Deepen the reform of the defense science and technology system and mechanism. If scientific and technological innovation is compared to the new engine of my country’s development, then reform is the indispensable ignition system to ignite this new engine. The loose connection between science and technology and the economy has been a major chronic disease in my country’s science and technology development for many years. To solve this problem, we must take the reform of mechanisms and policies and systems as the starting point, resolutely demolish barriers, break the ice, remove thresholds, break down institutional barriers and interest shackles, build a systematic and complete science and technology military-civilian integration policy and system system, and promote the deep integration of science and technology with economic and social development. We must break through the barriers of the defense science and technology system and mechanism that restrict the organic integration of production, learning, research and application, improve the defense science and technology innovation service support system, and strengthen the use and protection of defense intellectual property rights. We should speed up the establishment of a scientific and technological decision-making mechanism in which scientific and technological consultation supports administrative decision-making, reform the scientific and technological evaluation system, and improve the resource allocation method and scientific and technological innovation incentive mechanism that conform to the laws of scientific and technological innovation. Only when the wheels of scientific and technological innovation and the wheels of institutional mechanism innovation turn together can the national defense scientific and technological innovation capability be greatly improved.

Tap into the potential for innovation in national defense science and technology. In today’s world of globalization, informatization, and networking, innovation factors are more open and mobile, and scientific and technological innovation is endless. We must improve the national defense science and technology innovation governance system, fully mobilize the initiative of innovation subjects, unleash the vitality of various innovation factors, make good use of all high-quality resources and advanced achievements in society, tap into all potential for scientific and technological innovation, and organically integrate national defense and military construction into the economic and social development system. Against the backdrop of economic and technological globalization, innovative resources are flowing rapidly around the world, and the links between countries are becoming increasingly close. No country can solve all innovation problems in isolation and on its own. We must adhere to open and inclusive independent innovation, and actively absorb innovative resources and achievements that can improve the efficiency of military construction and enhance the combat effectiveness of the military. Deepen international exchanges and cooperation, make full use of global innovation resources, and promote independent innovation in national defense science and technology from a higher starting point.

(Author’s unit: College of Arts and Sciences, National Defense University of Science and Technology)

現代國語:

——學習習主席在十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議上的重要講話
來源:解放軍報 作者:楊愛華 責任編輯:喬楠楠 2018-03-28 08:39:38
習主席強調,加強國防科技創新,加速建設軍民融合創新體系,大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律,為新時代全面實施科技興軍戰略,開創強軍興軍新局面,推進國防和軍隊現代化建設指明了前進方向

習主席在十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議上的重要講話中指出,要加強國防科技創新,加速建設軍民融合創新體系,大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這一重要思想,深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律,為新時代全面實施科技興軍戰略,開創強軍興軍新局面,推進國防和軍隊現代化建設指明了前進方向,具有重大歷史意義與深遠現實意義。

大力提升國防科技自主創新能力

國際軍事競爭唯創新者勝,必須把創新擺在我軍建設發展全局的重要位置,牢牢扭轉國防科技自主創新這個戰略基點,大幅提升國防科技自主創新能力。

加強面向國家戰略需求的基礎研究和關鍵技術研究。習主席強調,真正的核心關鍵技術是花錢買不來的,靠進口武器裝備是靠不住的,走引進仿製的路子是走不遠的。只有重視基礎研究,才能永遠保持自主創新能力。必須高度重視原始性專業基礎理論突破,加強科學基礎設施建設,確保基礎性、系統性、前沿性技術研究和技術研發持續推進,加強國防科技自主創新的來源供給。高度重視戰略前沿技術特別是顛覆性技術的發展,加強前瞻性、先導性、探索性、顛覆性的重大技術研究和新概念研究。要把國防科技和武器裝備建設的薄弱環節作為推進自主創新的主攻方向,著力突破核心關鍵技術,爭取實現彎道超車,實現從跟跑並跑向並跑領跑轉變,搶佔國防科技創新戰略制高點。

加大先進科技成果轉化運用力度。窮理以致其知,反躬以踐其實。習主席指出,科技成果只有同國家需要、人民要求、市場需求結合,完成從科學研究、實驗開發、推廣應用的三級跳,才能真正實現創新價值、實現創新驅動發展。國防科技創新的目的在於應用,必須為部隊建設和軍事鬥爭準備服務,抓緊搞好創新性、突破性成果轉化運用。武器裝備建設必須以對作戰體系的貢獻率為評價標準,強化作戰需求牽引,把作戰需求貫徹到武器裝備研製的全過程,確保武器裝備的實戰適用性,實現研製和運用有機統一。國防科技發展必須堅持聚焦實戰、服務部隊,使科技創新同部隊建設發展接好軌、對好焦,把創新成果轉化為實實在在的戰鬥力,推動我軍建設向質量效能型和科技密集型轉變。

加速建構國防科技創新體系。黨的十九大報告明確提出,加強國家創新體系建設,強化戰略科技力量。要把國防科技創新體系納入國家創新體系建設之中,增強原始創新、整合創新和引進消化吸收再創新能力。加速建設創新基礎平台,紮實推動國防科技與武器裝備領域的軍民融合,夯實國防科技創新體系的基礎工程。加速培養國防科技創新領導者才,建設高素質新型軍事人才隊伍,著力培養聯合作戰指揮人才和新型作戰力量人才,強化國防科技創新體系的智力支撐。大力培育創新文化,營造勇於創新、鼓勵成功、寬容失敗的國防科技創新氛圍,讓創造創新在軍營蔚然成風。

突顯抓好軍民科技協同創新

軍民融合發展是實現發展和安全兼顧、富國和強軍統一的必經之路。大力開展軍民科技協同創新,有利於促進經濟發展方式轉變和經濟結構調整,有利於增強國家戰爭潛力和國防實力。

搞好頂層設計和戰略籌劃。任何戰略的實施,都必須規劃先行,超前籌謀。軍民科技協同創新涉及軍地兩大系統和多方利益關系,是一個重大的戰略工程,也是一項長期的艱鉅任務。要緊緊扭住強化頂層設計這個著力重點,擘畫軍民科技協同創新體系的宏偉藍圖。以深入認識與掌握軍民融合戰略為前提,明確軍民科技協同創新的發展現狀、目標指向、基本原則等,堅持科學統籌、實戰牽引、體系論證,強化法治保障。全面佈局、戰略籌劃,使國家重大戰略規劃、重大政策法規充分統合國防和軍隊建設需求,軍隊建設發展規劃計劃與全面落實經濟社會發展總體部署相對接。堅持超前謀劃,以重大科技工程為牽引,以奪取基礎研究和戰略高技術研究優勢為突破口,搶佔推動戰鬥力生成和經濟發展方式轉變的科技制高點。

推動重大科技項目一體論證與實施。黨中央已經確定了我國科技面向2030年的長遠戰略,決定實施一批重大科技項目和工程,這既有利於我國在戰略必爭領域打破重大關鍵核心技術受制於人的局面,也有利於開闢新的產業發展方向,培育新的經濟成長點。黨的十九大報告強調,拓展實施國家重大科技項目,突顯關鍵共性技術、前沿引領技術、現代工程技術、顛覆性技術創新。國防科技創新要密切關注世界軍事科技和武器裝備發展動向,圍繞國家重大戰略需求,堅持有所為、有所不為,對已部署的重大科技項目和工程及時跟踪、滾動調整和優化,形成梯次接續的系統佈局。

深化拓展海洋、太空、網路空間、生物、新能源等新興領域的軍民融合。隨著科學探索的邊界越來越遠,「三深一極」等新興領域已成為大國戰略角逐的新焦點。其中,深海成為潛藏制勝先機的新戰場,深空成為新的戰略支點,深藍已經打開網絡空間戰場的“潘多拉魔盒”,極地成為強國戰略博弈的角斗場。新興領域是認知域、物理域、資訊域、產業域的統一整體,具有天然的軍民通用屬性。近年來,世界各國普遍把加速新興領域軍民融合發展,作為奪取國際戰略博弈制高點的重要舉措。美國密集發布《美國國家創新戰略》《聯邦大數據研究與發展戰略計畫》,俄羅斯推出《俄聯邦科學技術發展計畫》等,紛紛在新興領域確立軍民融合發展模式。要透過設施軍民共建、技術軍民共用、資訊軍民共享等方式,加速形成多維一體、協同推進、跨越發展的新興領域軍民融合發展格局,深化拓展新興領域的軍民融合,合力建設海洋強國、航太強國、網絡強國。

優化科技創新資源配置

隨著科學技術的不斷發展,多學科專業交叉群集、多領域技術融合集成的特徵日益凸顯,必須依靠團隊力量集智攻關,搞好科研力量與創新資源的整合,才能最大限度發揮各方面的優勢,形成推進國防科技創新的整體合力。

強化開放共享打破封閉壟斷。緊緊扭住國防科技創新的「硬骨頭」攻堅克難,著力加強科技創新統籌協調,努力克服各領域、各部門、各方面科技創新活動中存在的資源分散封閉、交叉重復等碎片化現象,避免創新中的「孤島」。清除各種有形無形的柵欄,打破封閉壟斷,搞好需求對接、規劃對接、任務對接,加速建立健全各主體、各方面、各環節有機互動、協同高效的創新資源開放共享平台,最大限度實現共建共用共享。著力完善科技創新基礎制度,加速建立健全國家科技報告製度、創新調查制度、國家科技管理資訊系統,大幅提昇科技資源開放共享水準。

深化國防科技體制機制改革。如果把科技創新比喻成我國發展的新引擎,那麼改革就是點燃這個新引擎不可或缺的點火系。科技與經濟聯係不緊密,是多年來我國科技發展的一大痼疾。解決這個問題,必須以機制和政策制度改革為抓手,堅決拆壁壘、破堅冰、去門檻,破除制度藩籬和利益羈絆,構建系統完備的科技軍民融合政策制度體系,推動科技與經濟社會發展深度融合。要突破束縛產學研發有機結合的國防科技體制機制障礙,健全國防科技創新服務支撐體系,加強國防知識產權運用與保護。加速建立科技諮詢支撐行政決策的科技決策機制,改革科技評價制度,完善符合科技創新規律的資源配置方式、科技創新激勵機制。只有科技創新的輪子與體制機制創新的輪子共同轉動,才能大幅提升國防科技創新能力。

挖掘國防科技創新潛力。在全球化、資訊化、網絡化發展的今天,創新要素更具開放性、流動性,科技創新永無止境。要完善國防科技創新治理體系,充分調動創新主體的積極性,釋放各類創新要素的活力,善於運用社會一切優質資源和先進成果,挖掘一切科技創新潛力,把國防和軍隊建設有機融入經濟社會發展體系。在經濟與科技全球化的大背景下,創新資源在世界範圍內快速流動,國家與國家之間的聯繫日趨緊密,任何一個國家都不可能孤立依靠自己的力量解決所有創新難題。要堅持開放式、包容式自主創新,積極吸收能提升軍隊建設效益、提升軍隊戰鬥力的創新資源與成果。深化國際交流合作,充分利用全球創新資源,在更高起點推進國防科技自主創新。

(作者單位:國防科技大學文理學院)

中國原創軍事資源:http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4807982888.html

Chinese Military Simulation Technology—— Knocking on the door of Russian “war design”

中國軍事模擬技術—敲開俄羅斯「戰爭設計」之門

中國軍網 國防部網 // 2018年8月24日 星期五

現代英語:

Recently, the Russian Ministry of Defense announced the establishment of the “Era Military Innovation Technology Park”, which focuses on scientific research, testing and simulation of advanced weapons, military and special equipment. Coincidentally, the US military is also stepping up the development of the “Soldiers Build Intelligence System Military Training Support” project, hoping to better assist officers and soldiers in conducting military intelligence training by providing equipment, simulators and simulation modeling services. The frequently mentioned military simulation technology has attracted attention from all parties. With the rapid development of cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies, military simulation technology has made significant progress in equipment construction, military exercises, combat training and logistics support. At present, major military powers have recognized the huge application prospects of simulation technology in the military field and regard it as an “advanced intelligence contest” in modern warfare.

The “virtual battlefield” can also deploy troops

Once upon a time, we all “learned about war from war”. The emergence of military simulation technology has allowed us to learn about future wars from the “virtual battlefield”.

Simulation technology mainly relies on computer and other equipment platforms, and uses mathematical models to conduct scientific research, analysis, evaluation and decision-making on issues that need to be studied. Military simulation systems are simulation systems built specifically for military applications. They can conduct quantitative analysis of combat elements such as land, sea, air, space, electricity, and the Internet, the performance of weapons and equipment, and combat operations, and then accurately simulate the battlefield environment, present relevant battlefield situations, and achieve effectiveness evaluation of the combat system and command decision-making assistance.

At present, military simulation systems have become an effective means of studying future wars, designing weapons and equipment, and supporting the evaluation of tactics, and they run through the entire process of weapons and equipment development and testing. In recent years, military simulation technology has been increasingly regarded as a multiplier for improving combat effectiveness and one of the key technologies for national defense security and troop construction and development.

The United States has always listed modeling and simulation as an important key defense technology. As early as 1992, the United States announced the “Defense Modeling and Simulation Initiative” and established a special Defense Modeling and Simulation Office. The United States also specifically listed the “integrated simulation environment” as one of the seven driving technologies to maintain the US military advantage. At the same time, European countries attach great importance to the development of military simulation technology, and strive to continuously improve simulation methods in the process of developing a new generation of weapon systems, thereby improving the comprehensive effectiveness of weapon equipment construction and development.

In fact, military simulation technology has allowed people to fully learn about future wars in experiments. Before the outbreak of the Gulf War, the US Department of Defense used military simulation technology to analyze and determine the direct consequences of Iraq igniting all oil wells in Kuwait, which had a profound impact on the US military’s formulation of the Gulf War combat plan. In the integrated ballistic missile defense system project carried out by the US military, modeling and simulation methods are specifically used to conduct a preliminary assessment of the ballistic missile defense system. At the end of 2017, the US Department of Defense’s Advanced Research Projects Agency invested 12.8 million US dollars specifically for the construction of virtual simulation space battlefields. The US Army also spent 57 million US dollars to develop the Army Infantry Training System – this immersive military virtual simulation training system can provide soldiers with a more realistic battlefield combat simulation environment.

A brainstorming session to plan operations

From artillery simulation, aircraft simulation, missile simulation to today’s various types of weapon system equipment simulation and combat simulation, while simulation technology continues to meet the needs of military applications, it is also rapidly developing in the direction of virtualization, networking, intelligence, collaboration and universalization. In order to continuously improve military simulation calculation methods and improve simulation technology, people are constantly launching a “brainstorming” to plan operations.

Mathematical modeling algorithm. Mathematical model is the basis of simulation. To carry out simulation, we must first build a mathematical model of the object to be simulated. At the same time, the correctness and accuracy of the mathematical model directly affect the credibility of the simulation calculation results. In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has provided new ideas for mathematical modeling. Introducing artificial intelligence to build mathematical models can not only effectively improve the realism, reliability and accuracy of simulation models, but also further improve the efficiency of modeling and simulation.

Virtual reality technology. With virtual reality technology, people can interact with objects in a virtual simulation environment through related equipment, thereby creating an effect of “immersion” in the real environment. The augmented reality technology that has emerged in recent years has further increased the user’s perception of the virtual simulation system, and can superimpose virtual objects, scenes, and information generated by the military simulation system onto the real scene. The U.S. Army is currently relying on virtual reality and augmented reality technologies to develop the future overall training environment to achieve seamless, mixed immersive combat training.

Network grid technology. The realization of military simulation is inseparable from the strong support of computers, local area networks, software engineering and other technologies. The distributed interactive simulation that integrates simulation equipment or systems of different types in different locations into a whole provides a more realistic application environment for military simulation. In recent years, grid technology that can realize the rapid transmission of various types of information and resource sharing has become a research hotspot for military simulation. The US Department of Defense has begun to use the “Global Information Grid” plan to establish a military grid that communicates various information elements on the battlefield and realizes the dynamic sharing and collaborative application of various military network resources.

Winning the war before it starts

The future information warfare is an integrated war that is carried out simultaneously in multiple dimensions such as land, sea, air, space, electricity, and the Internet. Not only is the battle structure complex and the weapons and equipment diverse, but it also places higher demands on the combatants and the use of tactics. Only by building a “virtual battlefield” for future wars with the help of military simulation technology and realizing the scientific coordination of factors such as the scale of war, the course of war, war investment, the number of combatants and weapons and equipment, the targets of attack and the intensity of attack, can we be sure of victory before the war begins.

In the field of combat experiments, the U.S. military has fully reduced the losses caused by improper combat plans and action plans through a large number of computer simulation evaluations and iterative optimizations. The Russian military’s combat regulations and tactics are also “optimal battlefield solutions” obtained through scientific deduction and simulation calculation using mathematical models. Through military simulation analysis and evaluation, battlefield commanders and fighters can quickly understand the trend of war simulations and carry out effective responses according to various changes in the “virtual battlefield”, thereby effectively improving the effectiveness of combat experiments.

In the field of military training, individual soldier training can be carried out through an immersive virtual simulation training environment, which can be as close to the battlefield environment as possible and effectively improve the training effect. In recent years, the US Army has specially opened a “simulated immersion” training course in the “Advanced Course for Officers”. Through the implementation of virtual simulation military training, the organization and implementation of training are not restricted by time and weather conditions. The distributed training simulation system can even enable trainees in different locations to participate in the training together. By modeling and simulating the specific battlefield environment, tactical background and enemy forces, the military training system can also provide trainees with a more realistic battlefield perception.

In the field of equipment demonstration, the technical support of simulation systems is required throughout the life cycle of weapons and equipment development. At present, the United States has extensively adopted simulation technology in new weapon system development projects to fully support the development and testing, live-fire evaluation and combat testing of weapons and equipment. The U.S. Missile Defense Agency has further explored effective measures to deal with incoming missile threats through missile threat target modeling and simulation. The U.S. Navy simulates the operation of ship systems and crew members through mission analysis simulation software, and obtains simulation results for determining and optimizing the number of crew members. In the future, military simulation technology may become a new technological highland for the world’s major military powers to compete.

現代國語:

日前,俄羅斯國防部宣布組成“時代軍事創新科技園區”,重點進行先進武器、軍事和特殊裝備的科學研究、試驗以及模擬模擬。無獨有偶,美軍也在加緊研發「士兵建構情報系統軍隊訓練保障」項目,希望透過提供設備、模擬器與模擬建模等服務,更好地輔助官兵進行軍事情報訓練。這其中常提及的軍用模擬技術,引起各方注意。伴隨著雲端運算、大數據、人工智慧等技術的快速發展,軍事模擬技術在裝備建設、軍事演習、作戰訓練與後勤支援等領域相繼取得重大進展。目前,各軍事大國紛紛體認到模擬技術在軍事領域的巨大應用前景,將其視為現代戰爭的「超前智慧較量」。

「虛擬戰場」也能排兵布陣

曾幾何時,我們都是「從戰爭中學習戰爭」。軍用模擬技術的出現,開始讓我們從「虛擬戰場」學習未來戰爭。

模擬技術主要藉助電腦等設備平台,利用數學模型對需要研究的問題進行科學的研究、分析、評估與決策。軍用模擬系統是專門針對軍事應用建構的模擬模擬系統,可對陸、海、空、天、電、網等作戰元素、武器裝備性能以及作戰行動進行量化分析,進而精確模擬戰場環境、呈現相關戰場態勢,實現作戰體系的效能評估與指揮決策輔助。

目前,軍用模擬系統已成為研究未來戰爭、設計武器裝備、支撐戰法評估的有效手段,並貫穿武器裝備研發、試驗的整個過程。近年來,軍用模擬技術越來越被視為提升作戰效能的倍增器,是國防安全與部隊建設發展的關鍵技術之一。

美國一直將建模與模擬列為重要的國防關鍵技術。早在1992年,美國就宣布了“國防建模與模擬倡議”,並專門成立國防建模與模擬辦公室。美國也專門將「綜合模擬環境」列為保持美國軍事優勢的七大推動技術之一。同時,歐洲各國高度重視軍用模擬技術發展,力求在新一代武器系統研發過程中不斷完善模擬方法,進而提升武器裝備建設發展的綜合效能。

事實上,軍用模擬技術已經讓人們在實驗中充分學習了未來戰爭。在海灣戰爭爆發前,美國國防部就藉助軍用模擬技術,分析研判伊拉克點燃科威特境內全部油井的直接後果,對美軍制定海灣戰爭作戰方案產生了深遠影響。在美軍進行的一體化彈道飛彈防禦系統專案中,就專門採用建模模擬方法​​對彈道飛彈防禦系統進行預先評估。 2017年底,美國國防部高級研究計畫局投資1,280萬美元,專門用於虛擬模擬太空戰場建設。美國陸軍也耗資5,700萬美元研發陸軍步兵訓練系統-這款沉浸式軍事虛擬模擬訓練系統,能為士兵提供更真實的戰場作戰模擬環境。

掀起策劃作戰的“腦力激盪”

從火砲仿真、飛行器仿真、飛彈仿真到現今的各式武器系統裝備仿真以及作戰仿真,仿真技術在不斷滿足軍事應用需求的同時,自身也朝向虛擬化、網路化、智慧化、協同化與普適化方向迅速發展。為不斷完善軍用模擬計算方法、改進模擬技術手段,人們正不斷掀起謀劃作戰的「腦力激盪」。

數學建模演算法。數學模型是進行模擬的基礎,要進行模擬模擬,必須先建構被模擬物件的數學模型。同時,數學模型的正確與否以及精確度高低直接影響模擬計算結果的可信度。近年來,人工智慧技術的快速發展,為數學建模提供了新思路。引進人工智慧建構數學模型,不僅能有效改善模擬模型的逼真性、可靠性與精確性,也進一步提升了建模與模擬的效率。

虛擬實境技術。採用虛擬實境技術,人們可透過相關設備與虛擬模擬環境中的物件進行交互,進而產生「沉浸」於真實環境的效果。近年來興起的擴增實境技術,進一步增加了使用者對虛擬模擬系統的感知程度,能將軍用模擬系統產生的虛擬物件、場景和資訊疊加到真實場景中。美國陸軍目前就依賴虛擬實境和擴增實境技術開發未來整體訓練環境,實現無縫、混合的沉浸式作戰訓練。

網路網格技術。軍用仿真的實現離不開電腦、區域網路、軟體工程等技術的強大支撐,將分散於不同地點、不同類型的仿真設備或系統集成為一個整體的分散式交互仿真,為軍用仿真提供了更逼真的應用環境。近年來,可實現各類資訊快速傳輸和資源共享的網格技術成為軍用模擬的研究熱點。美國國防部已開始借助「全球資訊網格」計劃,建立起溝通戰場各類資訊要素的軍事網格,實現各類軍事網路資源的動態共享與協同應用。

在戰爭開始前穩操勝券

未來的資訊化戰爭是陸、海、空、天、電、網等多維空間同時展開的一體化戰爭,不僅戰役結構複雜、武器裝備多樣,對參戰人員和戰術運用也提出了更高要求。借助軍事模擬技術建構未來戰爭的“虛擬戰場”,實現對戰爭規模、戰爭進程、戰爭投入、作戰人員與武器裝備數量、打擊目標與打擊強度等要素的科學統籌,才能在戰爭開始之前穩操勝券。

在作戰實驗領域,美軍透過大量的電腦模擬評估和迭代優化,充分減少了因作戰方案和行動計畫不當而造成的損失。俄軍的作戰條令和戰法也都是運用數學模型進行科學推導、模擬計算得出的「戰場最優解」。透過軍用模擬分析與評估,戰場指戰員可以快速了解戰爭推演趨勢,在「虛擬戰場」中根據各種情況變化開展有效應對,進而有力提升作戰試驗效果。

在軍事訓練領域,透過沉浸式虛擬模擬訓練環境實施單兵訓練,能最大限度地貼近戰場環境,並有力提升訓練效果。近年來,美國陸軍已經在“軍官高級教程”中專門開設了“模擬沉浸”訓練課程。透過進行虛擬模擬軍事訓練,訓練的組織與實施不受時間和氣象條件限制,分散式訓練模擬系統甚至能使不同地點的參訓人員共同參與訓練。透過對具體戰場環境、戰術背景和敵方兵力進行建模和仿真,軍事訓練系統也能為訓練人員提供更逼真的戰場感知。

在裝備論證領域,武器裝備研發的全生命週期都需要模擬系統的技術支援。目前,美國在新型武器系統研發專案中大量採用模擬技術,全面支援武器裝備的開發測試、實彈評估測試和作戰測試。美國飛彈防禦局透過飛彈威脅目標建模與仿真,進一步探索出應對來襲飛彈威脅的有效措施。美國海軍則透過任務分析仿真軟體,對船艦系統和艦員的操作進行仿真,得出確定和優化艦員數量的仿真結果。未來,軍用模擬技術或將成為世界各軍事大國角逐的科技新高地。

製圖:陳 晨

中國原創軍事資源:https://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2018-08/24/content_214234888.htm

Shexing Intelligence: Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence focus on Personnel and Equipment Analysis Supported by Open Source Data

社行智能:中國軍事人工智慧聚焦開源資料支援的人員裝備分析

現代英語:

On March 19, Zhang Qiao, CEO of Nanjing Shexing Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., was invited to participate in a special course lecture held by a military academy and gave an online special lecture entitled “Analysis of People and Equipment Supported by Open Source Data”.

In this course, Zhang Qiao combined the multiple products and technologies developed by Shexing Intelligence to give a detailed introduction to the overview of open source data, the current status of artificial intelligence, the problems solved by combining open source data with artificial intelligence, open source data intelligent systems, future application prospects and challenges, and other related topics. Nearly 100 teachers and students from the school participated in the course.

At the beginning of the course, Zhang Qiao used the definition of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) in Title 50 of the United States Code, “War and Defense” as an introduction (definition: for a certain user group, with the purpose of obtaining intelligence, timely collection, analysis and distribution of intelligence from various types of public information), and explained a series of contents on open source data to teachers and students, so that everyone can fully realize the importance of open source data work.

Analysis of typical cases of open source data

With the increase in sources and application types, the amount of open source data has also increased exponentially, making it difficult to fully utilize the huge information value it implies. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in computer vision, image recognition, natural language processing, speech processing, etc. is vividly reflected in typical cases of open source data.
       In view of the application cases of open source data, Zhang Qiaodi combined the intelligent scientific research capabilities of Shexing to show everyone the Galaxy Search product of open source data, which effectively assisted the analysis of people and equipment supported by open source data.

Zhang Qiao introduced the Galaxy Search Platform in detail from aspects of product architecture, problems solved and product capabilities.
       Among them, the Orion Star data collection platform is based on distributed data collection technology. It has collected nearly 1.4 billion multi-modal data such as text, pictures, videos, audio and hundreds of billions of sea and air target data from more than 40 countries and regions, covering more than 80 languages ​​such as Chinese, English, Japanese, Arabic, etc. It has the characteristics of comprehensiveness, professionalism, diversity, integrity and scalability, and provides data support for intelligent analysis and application of open source information.

In the process of collecting, extracting, integrating, detecting, identifying and applying open source information, a total of 5 million+ annotated data and about 80 special algorithm models have been accumulated.
       Based on multimodal knowledge graphs, joint reasoning, computer vision, natural language processing and other technologies, the “intelligent transformation” from data to knowledge is realized. From the three levels of basic knowledge, static knowledge and dynamic knowledge, a knowledge system integrating knowledge generation, updating, accumulation and application is realized, which effectively realizes military scenario application services such as intelligence mining and analysis, supporting strategic situation analysis and judgment, and assisting battlefield command decision-making.
       Based on the intelligence element ontology model, structured intelligence elements are formed through multi-source language entity recognition of cross-language texts, key frame extraction of video data, target detection and recognition of image data, etc.; the military knowledge graph is used to realize the association, disambiguation and fusion of intelligence elements, complete the completion and verification of intelligence slots, and form more comprehensive, more accurate and more valuable fusion intelligence.
       Zhang Qiao combined the current military hot spots, took the character tracking case of Ukrainian intelligence personnel as an example, and the intelligence authentication case in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, and fully demonstrated the ability of Galaxy Search in open source data extraction, character tracking, event tracking, target monitoring and other aspects.

Challenges of open source data

Finally, Zhang Qiao analyzed that open source data also faces severe challenges. In real life, we will also be confused by various false intelligence, such as artificial fabrication, distortion of facts, synthetic images, deep fakes and other technologies. An event we see may not be completely accurate or true. How to obtain effective and valuable intelligence information from massive amounts of information and effectively identify it requires the empowerment of emerging technologies, especially artificial intelligence technology, biotechnology and quantum computing, as well as their applications in foreign policy, economic competitiveness, military and intelligence operations.
       As a leading company in open source data analysis, Shexing Intelligence will continue to strengthen its exploration and practice in open source data, and contribute more to the cultivation of open source data professionals, independent innovation in military technology and military equipment, etc.

Starsee Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. (Starsee) was established in September 2018. It is the first military intelligent enterprise in China. By introducing advanced artificial intelligence technology and combat concepts, the company integrates independently developed military intelligent algorithms and software on different hardware product forms to enhance the efficiency of future intelligent combat.
        Xinghe Search (https://xinghe.starsee.cn) is a global-oriented intelligent defense information service platform developed by Starsee Intelligent. Based on open source Internet data, it integrates open source information that runs through pan-military, globalization, full-link, multi-modal, and multi-language, and comprehensively uses artificial intelligence and big data technologies to achieve intelligent data collection, deep knowledge mining, multi-modal intelligence analysis, intelligent situational awareness, and decision-making assistance. It provides military enthusiasts, military industry practitioners, current (retired) military personnel, and other user groups on the Internet with real-time push of military dynamics, accurate recognition of target images, a one-point chain network for people/equipment, in-depth analysis and aggregation of military documents, and comprehensive retrieval of military knowledge and other functions and services.

現代國語:

3月19日,南京社行智慧科技有限公司CEO張橋受邀參加某軍校舉辦的專題課程講座,並做了題為《開源支援的人員與設備分析》的線上專題講座資料」。

在本次課程中,張喬結合社行智慧研發的多種產品與技術,詳細介紹了開源資料的概況、人工智慧的現況、開源資料與人工智慧結合解決的問題、開源資料智慧系統、未來應用前景與挑戰等相關議題。全校近100名師生參加了本次課程。

課程一開始,張喬以《美國法典》第50條《戰爭與防禦》中開源情報(OSINT)的定義作為介紹(定義:針對某一用戶群體,以獲取情報,及時收集、分析和分發各類公共資訊中的情報),並向師生解釋了一系列關於開源資料的內容,讓大家充分認識到開源資料工作的重要性。

開源資料典型案例分析

隨著來源和應用類型的增加,開源資料量也呈指數級增長,其蘊含的巨大資訊價值難以充分利用。人工智慧(AI)在電腦視覺、影像辨識、自然語言處理、語音處理等方面的應用在開源資料的典型案例中得到了淋漓盡致的體現。
針對開源資料的應用案例,張喬迪結合社行的智慧科研能力,向大家展示了開源資料的銀河搜尋產品,有效輔助了開源資料支援的人員和設備的分析。

張橋從產品架構、解決的問題、產品能力等方面詳細介紹了銀河搜尋平台。
其中,Orion Star資料採集平台是基於分散式資料採集技術。已採集來自40多個國家和地區的近14億條文字、圖片、視頻、音頻等多模態數據和千億級海空目標數據,涵蓋中、英、法等80多種語言。語言等。

在收集、擷取、整合、偵測、辨識和應用開源資訊的過程中,累計累積了500萬+條標註資料和約80個專用演算法模型。
基於多模態知識圖譜、聯合推理、電腦視覺、自然語言處理等技術,實現從資料到知識的「智慧轉換」。從基礎知識、靜態知識和動態知識三個層面,實現集知識生成、更新、累積和應用於一體的知識體系,有效實現情報挖掘與分析、支撐戰略態勢分析研判、協助戰場指揮決策。
基於智慧要素本體模型,透過跨語言文字的多源語言實體辨識、視訊資料關鍵影格擷取、影像資料目標偵測與辨識等,形成結構化智慧要素;運用軍事知識圖譜實現情報要素的關聯、消歧與融合,完成情報槽的補全與驗證,形成更全面、更準確、更有價值的整合情報。
張橋結合當前軍事熱點,以烏克蘭情報人員人物追蹤案件、俄烏衝突中的情報認證案件為例,充分展示了銀河搜尋在開源資料擷取、人物追蹤等方面的能力、事件追蹤、目標監控等方面。

開源資料的挑戰

最後,張橋分析道,開源資料也面臨嚴峻的挑戰。在現實生活中,我們也會被各種虛假情報迷惑,例如人為捏造、扭曲事實、合成圖像、深度造假等技術。我們看到的事件可能不完全準確或真實。如何從海量資訊中獲取有效、有價值的情報資訊並進行有效識別,需要新興技術特別是人工智慧的賦能。

人工智慧技術、生物技術和量子運算及其在外交政策、經濟競爭力、軍事和情報運作中的應用。
作為開源資料分析領域的領先公司,社行智慧將繼續加強在開源資料方面的探索和實踐,為開源資料人才培養、軍事技術和軍事裝備自主創新等做出更多貢獻。

星視智慧科技有限公司(簡稱星視)成立於2018年9月,是國內首家軍工智慧企業。公司透過引進先進的人工智慧技術和作戰概念,將自主研發的軍事智慧演算法和軟體整合在不同的硬體產品形態上,提升未來智慧作戰效率。
星河搜尋(https://xinghe.starsee.cn)是星河智慧研發的面向全球的智慧國防資訊服務平台。以開源網路資料為基礎,整合貫穿全軍事化、全球化、全連結、多模態、多語言的開源訊息,綜合運用人工智慧和大數據技術,實現資料智慧採集、深度挖掘知識挖掘、多模態情報分析、智能態勢感知、輔助決策。為軍事愛好者、軍工從業者、現(退役)軍人等網路使用者群體提供軍事動態即時推送、目標影像精準識別、人員/裝備點對點鍊網、軍事文獻深度分析聚合,軍事知識綜合檢索等功能與服務。

中國原創軍事資源:https//www.81it.com/2022/0322/1336688.html

Chinese Military Center of Gravity for Winning Intelligent Warfare

中國打贏智慧戰爭的軍事重心

中國軍網 國防部網 // 2020年12月31日 星期四

現代英語:

The winning mechanism of war refers to the main factors for winning a war, the way they play a role, and the internal mechanisms, laws and principles of their mutual connection and interaction. With the advent of the intelligent era, the increasingly widespread application of artificial intelligence in the military field has promoted the transformation of the war form to intelligent warfare, and the winning mechanism of war has also changed accordingly.

Having data advantage is the basis for success

In the era of intelligence, the core foundation of many “disruptive technologies” is data, and war will also be “no data, no war”. In intelligent warfare, both sides will fight a “data war” around understanding data, relying on data, competing for data, and using data. Whoever owns the “data right” will have the initiative in the war. Fighting for data, mastering data, analyzing data, and applying data in war are the keys to winning intelligent warfare.

Data resources are combat effectiveness. In intelligent warfare, data comes first before troops move. Whoever controls the data controls the resources to win the war, and controls the initiative and the chips for victory. The ability to understand and use data is an important indicator for measuring combat capability and directly affects the outcome of the war. Obtaining data, analyzing data, and using data are not only the yardsticks for measuring the combat capability of troops, but also the new engine for improving the combat effectiveness of troops. Data is the most direct record of the objective world. It appears in the form of numbers and is raw data, such as the performance parameters of weapons and equipment, the size of troops, the number of guarantees, target parameters, etc. These data can be processed to become the information and intelligence needed for combat. In the information age led by data, data has become the blood of intelligent warfare.

Big data has given rise to a data-based battlefield. To some extent, whoever controls the data resources controls the “winning space” of the war. Data has changed the logical cognition of war. In the past, people inferred the whole from the individual and inferred the inevitability from the small probability events, but now they deduce individual characteristics from the high probability and find the internal laws of specific things from the correlation. Only by understanding the relevant data can we grasp the overall situation, only by gathering similar data can we grasp the trend, and only by integrating all-source data can we understand the connection. All of this is attributed to the control of the data-based battlefield.

Big data changes the way of fighting. As the most important strategic resource, how to distinguish the authenticity and quality of data, how to fight and counter-fight, deceive and counter-deceive, attack and counter-attack around massive data, has become a key issue in winning intelligent wars. When data becomes the focus of war, it will inevitably lead to competition and gaming around data, thereby promoting changes in the style of fighting. At present, the competition for data collection is intensifying, and major countries have launched research on national defense big data projects to provide more intelligence with practical value for military decision-making. The “asymmetry” of data forms the “asymmetry” of algorithms, and then achieves the “asymmetry” of tactics.

Data has given rise to intelligent equipment systems. Data technology has upgraded combat platforms to highly intelligent and autonomous systems. Data has enabled command and control systems, air combat platforms, precision-guided munitions, etc. to complete the transition from informatization to intelligence. For example, modern “swarm technology” is the application of artificial intelligence supported by big data. Data has become a “telescope”, “microscope” and “perspective lens” for analyzing wars. To win intelligent wars, one must have a data mind, data awareness and data thinking.

Mastering algorithm advantages is the key to success

One of the characteristics of intelligent warfare is that all battle plans, campaign plans and war plans need to be generated by computers, and its essence is algorithm-generated tactics. Having an algorithm advantage means having an intelligent advantage, which can achieve a high degree of unity of information advantage, cognitive advantage, decision-making advantage and action advantage.

Algorithm advantage dominates information advantage. Algorithm is a systematic method to describe the strategic mechanism for solving problems, and is the key and prerequisite for improving intelligence advantage. Algorithm technology mainly includes deep learning, supercomputing, brain-like intelligence and other technologies. The use of intelligent sensing and networking technology can widely and quickly deploy various types of intelligent perception nodes, and can implement active collaborative detection for tasks, thereby building a transparent and visible digital combat environment. Judging from the current development trend, the advantage of war algorithms dominates information advantage, which contains great potential to rewrite the rules of the modern war game. This pair of “invisible hands” will shape the new landscape of future intelligent warfare.

Algorithmic advantage dominates cognitive advantage. In intelligent warfare, big data can quickly convert massive amounts of data into useful intelligence after being processed by high-performance and efficient algorithms, thereby gaining cognitive advantage. Algorithms, as the “brain” of artificial intelligence, have become the key to intelligently sensing the battlefield and using it for decision-making, command, and coordination. The party with algorithmic advantage can dispel the “battlefield fog” and “information fog” caused by the failure to process data in a timely manner, making cognition more profound and thus seizing the initiative in the war. In the future, whoever has algorithmic advantage will have stronger cognitive ability, faster learning speed, and better quality results.

Algorithm advantage dominates decision-making advantage. With its high-speed and precise calculation, the algorithm can replace people’s hard thinking and repeated exploration, thereby accelerating knowledge iteration. With the support of massive data and supercomputing capabilities, the judgment and prediction results of artificial intelligence will be more accurate. By constructing combat model rules through algorithms, commanders can be assisted in making rapid decisions in multi-level planning and ad hoc handling of strategies, campaigns, tactics, etc. through actuarial, detailed, deep and expert reasoning. With the development of disruptive technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and quantum computing and their application in the military field, the future combat decision-making cycle will become near real-time. In intelligent warfare, the party that masters super algorithms can quickly propose flexible and diverse combat plans and countermeasures in response to changes in combat opponents, constantly disrupting the opponent’s established intentions and deployments, and thus seize the dominance of the war.

Algorithmic advantage leads to operational advantage. In the era of intelligent warfare, algorithms determine tactics, and algorithmic advantage leads to war advantage. Supported by superior algorithms, the reaction speed of artificial intelligence is thousands of times that of humans. “Algorithmic warfare” foreshadows the transformation of future wars. Whoever can seize the commanding heights of intelligent algorithms can seize the initiative and win before the battle. On the intelligent battlefield, algorithms are far more important than artillery shells. War algorithms have become the key factor in winning intelligent warfare and are the strategic commanding heights that future intelligent armies must seize. Intelligent warfare calculations are ubiquitous. The party that has the algorithmic advantage can quickly and accurately predict the battlefield situation, innovate combat methods, and achieve the advantage of “winning before the battle.”

Multi-domain integration is the key to success

Multi-domain integration is based on the cloud-based combat system. With the support of the cloud-based battlefield situation, various combat personnel, equipment, facilities, and environmental elements have expanded the battlefield space from the traditional three-dimensional space to the polar regions, deep sea, space, and cyberspace, and even to multi-dimensional domains such as cognitive domain and information domain. Multi-domain integration has formed a giant, complex, and adaptive confrontation system. The integration of “cloud gathering” and “network gathering” has become a new mechanism for intelligent combat.

Cross-domain integration and integrated energy release. Under the conditions of intelligent warfare, the emergence of a large number of new long-range combat platforms and intelligent new concept weapons has made the future combat landscape present the characteristics of air-ground-sea-sky integration, global instant strikes, and cross-domain strategic deterrence and control. Supported by the cross-domain, distributed, and networked “cloud killing” collaborative combat system, through the cross-domain aggregation of multiple combat capabilities, cross-domain interoperability of combat command, cross-domain sharing of combat information, cross-domain movement of combat weapons, cross-domain response of combat actions, and cross-domain complementarity of combat functions are achieved. Cross-domain integration is the close coordination of main domain control and cross-domain support to implement cross-domain collaborative support. Integrated energy release is the transition of joint operations from integrated joint operations to cross-domain joint operations, realizing the cross-domain aggregation and overall energy release of multiple combat capabilities.

Human-machine integration, using speed to defeat slowness. If weapons are an extension of the human body, intelligence is an extension of the human brain. In the era of intelligent warfare, there will be a mode of giving human intelligence to machines to implement combat. People will further withdraw from the front-line confrontation and combat, and the combination of people and weapons will appear in a new form. Unmanned combat weapons and human intelligence are deeply integrated into an organic symbiosis, perfectly combining human creativity, thinking and the precision and speed of machines. Therefore, in future intelligent warfare, the mode of engagement will gradually change from the mutual killing of “human-machine integration” to the unmanned system cluster confrontation of “human-machine integration”. Relying on the intelligent combat system, commanders adaptively adjust and select the mode of action according to changes in the battlefield environment. Unmanned combat develops from single-platform remote control combat to multi-platform cluster autonomy, forming a simple command chain of “commander-combat cluster”, highlighting the rapid, flexible and autonomous characteristics of human-machine collaboration.

Brain-intelligence fusion and efficient control. The combat system of intelligent warfare will be characterized by a highly intelligent “human + network + machine”. The intelligent command and control system will operate in a collaborative manner of “human brain + intelligent system”. The intelligent system will assist or even partially replace the role of humans in command and control. The intelligent command and control system will have relatively strong autonomous command and control capabilities, and can relatively independently obtain information, judge situations, make decisions, and deal with situations. Relying on the battlefield situation awareness system, with the help of big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and modeling and simulation technology, it is possible to accurately analyze and judge massive battlefield information, realize the transformation of combat command from “human experience-centered” to “data and model-centered” intelligent decision-making methods, and make combat planning more scientific and efficient. In the future, the super self-evolution and strategic decision-making capabilities of deep neural networks will realize the combat cycle of “human out of the loop”.

Integration of intelligence and mind, attacking the mind and winning the will. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, the boundaries between the biologicalization and humanization of intelligent weapons will be blurred in the future, and the control of people themselves will become the focus. “Attacking the mind and winning the will” is still the highest combat purpose of intelligent warfare. “Cognitive control warfare” based on the control of human brain and consciousness cognition may evolve into an important combat style. With human cognitive thinking as the target, various means are used to stimulate, influence and control the cognitive system to achieve the effect of disrupting the enemy’s command and decision-making system, inducing the enemy’s combat power, and disintegrating the enemy’s morale. For example, based on brain reading and brain control technology, using mental guidance and control means, the strategic intentions, combat intentions, and combat methods of the enemy commander can be grasped in real time, and even directly act on the brain of the enemy personnel, or the consciousness of the party can be “injected” in the form of EEG coding to interfere with or control their consciousness, thinking and psychology, and finally seize the “right to control intelligence” and achieve deep control over combat personnel. With the large-scale application of intelligent combat platforms on the battlefield, information systems assisting humans will gradually transform into intelligent systems partially replacing humans. The focus of the power struggle will shift from “information rights” to “intelligence rights”, and using elite troops to gain control of key domains will become the dominant approach.

現代國語:

戰爭制勝機理,指贏得戰爭勝利的主要因素、發揮作用的方式及其相互聯繫、相互作用的內在機制、規律和原理。隨著智慧時代的到來,人工智慧在軍事領域越來越廣泛的應用,推動戰爭形態轉向智慧戰爭,戰爭制勝機制也隨之改變。

擁有數據優勢是致勝基礎

在智慧化時代,眾多「顛覆性科技」的核心根基就是數據,戰爭也將是「無數據不戰爭」。在智慧化戰爭中,雙方圍繞著認識數據、依靠數據、爭奪數據和運用數據開打“數據戰”,誰擁有“數據權”,誰就掌握了戰爭的主動權。爭奪數據、掌握數據、分析數據,並將數據運用於戰爭之中,是智慧化戰爭的勝利之要。

數據資源就是戰鬥力。在智慧化戰爭中,兵馬未動,資料先行。誰掌握了數據誰就掌握了取得戰爭勝利的資源,也就掌控了戰爭的主動和勝利的籌碼。認識和運用數據的能力,是衡量作戰能力的重要指標,直接影響戰爭的勝負。取得數據、分析數據和運用數據既是衡量部隊作戰能力的標尺,也是提升部隊戰鬥力的新引擎。數據是客觀世界最直接的記載,以數字的形式出現,是原始資料,如武器裝備的性能參數、兵力規模、保障數量、目標參量等,這些數據經過處理能夠成為作戰所需的資訊和情報。在數據引領的資訊時代,數據已成為智慧化戰爭的血液。

大數據催生數據化戰場。某種程度上講誰把控了資料資源,就把握了戰爭的「勝利空間」。數據改變了對戰爭的邏輯認知,過去是從個別推論整體、從小機率事件中推理必然性,而現在是從大概率中推導個別特徵、從相關性中找出具體事物的內在規律。只有洞察相關數據才能掌握全局,只有聚集同類數據才能掌握趨勢,只有融合全源數據才能洞悉關聯。而這一切都歸於對資料化戰場的把控。

大數據改變作戰樣式。數據作為最重要的戰略資源,如何辨別數據的真假優劣,如何圍繞海量數據開展爭奪與反爭奪、欺騙與反欺騙、攻擊與反攻擊,成為打贏智能化戰爭的關鍵問題。當數據成為戰爭爭奪的焦點,必然帶來圍繞數據的競賽和博弈,從而推動作戰樣式改變。目前,資料收集之爭愈演愈烈,大國紛紛進行國防大數據計畫研究,以便為軍事決策提供更多具有實際價值的情報。以資料的“非對稱”,形成演算法的“非對稱”,進而實現戰法的“非對稱”。

數據催生智慧化裝備系統。數據技術使作戰平台升級為高度智慧化和自主化的系統,數據使指揮控制系統、空中作戰平台、精確導引彈藥等完成由資訊化向智慧化過渡。例如,現代「蜂群技術」就是大數據支撐下的人工智慧運用。數據已經成為解析戰爭的“望遠鏡”“顯微鏡”“透鏡”,打贏智能化戰爭必須具備數據頭腦、數據意識、數據思維。

掌握演算法優勢是致勝關鍵

智慧化戰爭的特徵之一就是一切戰鬥計畫、戰役計畫和戰爭計畫都需轉向電腦生成上來,其本質就是演算法生成戰法。擁有演算法優勢就擁有智慧化優勢,就可以實現資訊優勢、認知優勢、決策優勢和行動優勢的高度統一。

演算法優勢主導資訊優勢。演算法是用系統化的方法描述解決問題的策略機制,是提高智慧優勢的關鍵和前提。演算法技術主要包括深度學習、超級運算、類腦智慧等技術。採用智慧感測與網路技術,可廣泛快速部署各類智慧感知節點,可面向任務實施主動協同探測,進而建構透明可見的數位化作戰環境。從當前的發展趨勢來看,戰爭演算法優勢主導資訊優勢,蘊含著改寫現代戰爭遊戲規則的巨大潛力,這雙「無形之手」將塑造未來智慧化戰爭新圖景。

演算法優勢主導認知優勢。在智慧化戰爭中,大數據經過高效能、高效率的演算法處理後,能夠將大量資料快速轉換為有用的情報,從而獲得認知優勢。演算法作為人工智慧的“大腦”,成為智慧感知戰場並由此用於決策、指揮和協同的關鍵。佔有演算法優勢的一方,能驅散因資料得不到及時處理而產生的“戰場迷霧”和“資訊迷霧”,使得認知更為深刻,從而奪取戰爭主動權。未來誰擁有演算法優勢,誰的認知能力就強,學習速度就快,品質效果就優。

演算法優勢主導決策優勢。演算法以其高速、精確的計算,能夠取代人的苦思冥想和反覆探索,加速知識迭代。在海量數據和超算能力支援下,人工智慧的判斷和預測結果將更加準確。透過演算法建構作戰模型規則,以精算、細算、深算和專家推理方式,可輔助指揮官在戰略、戰役、戰術等多層規劃規劃和臨機處置中實現快速決策。隨著大數據、雲端運算、量子運算等顛覆性技術的發展及其在軍事領域的應用,未來作戰決策週期將變成近實時。在智慧化戰爭中,掌握超強演算法的一方能夠針對作戰對手變化,快速提出靈活多樣的作戰方案與應對之策,不斷打亂對手既定企圖與部署,從而奪取戰爭主導權。

演算法優勢主導行動優勢。在智慧化戰爭時代,演算法決定戰法,演算法優勢主導戰爭優勢。在優勢演算法的支撐下,人工智慧的反應速度是人類的千百倍。 「演算法戰」預示著未來戰爭的變革,誰能搶佔智慧演算法制高點,誰就能搶得先機,未戰先勝。在智慧化戰場上,演算法遠比砲彈重要,戰爭演算法成為致勝智能化戰爭的關鍵因素,是未來智慧型軍隊必須搶佔的戰略高點。智慧化戰爭運算無所不在,掌握演算法優勢的一方,能夠快速且準確預測戰場態勢,創新作戰方法,達成「未戰而先勝」之利。

搞好多域融合是製勝樞紐

多域融合是以作戰體系的雲態化為基礎,各類作戰人員、裝備、設施、環境要素在雲態化的戰場態勢支撐下,戰場空間從傳統的三維空間,向極地、深海、太空和網電空間,乃至認知域、資訊域等多維域拓展,多域融合形成巨型複雜自適應對抗體系,「雲聚」融合「網聚」成為智慧化作戰新機理。

跨域融合、整合釋能。在智慧化戰爭條件下,多種新型遠戰平台、智慧化新概念武器的大量湧現,使未來作戰面貌呈現出空地海天一體、全球即時性打擊、跨域戰略懾控等特徵。以跨領域、分散式、網路化的「雲殺傷」協同作戰系統為支撐,透過多種作戰能力跨域聚合,實現作戰指揮跨域貫通,作戰資訊跨域共享,作戰兵器跨域穿行,作戰行動跨域回應,作戰功能跨域互補。跨域融合是主域主控與跨域支援的緊密配合,實施跨域協同支援。整合釋能是聯合作戰由一體化聯合作戰過渡到跨域聯合作戰,實現多種作戰能力的跨域聚合、整體釋能。

人機融合、以快製慢。如果說武器是人身體延伸的話,智慧則是人腦的延伸。智能化戰爭時代,將出現把人的智慧賦予機器進而實施作戰的模式,人將更進一步退出一線對抗作戰,人與武器結合方式將以嶄新形態出現。無人作戰武器與人類智慧深度融合為有機共生體,把人的創造性、思想性和機器的精準性、快速性完美結合。因此,在未來智慧化戰爭中,交戰方式將由「人機結合」的相互殺傷逐漸轉向「人機融合」的無人系統集群對抗。依托智能化作戰系統,指揮員針對戰場環境變化自適應調整選擇行動方式,無人作戰由單平台遙控作戰向多平台集群自主方向發展,形成「指揮官—作戰集群」的簡易指揮鏈,彰顯人機協同的快速靈活自主特徵。

腦智融合、高效控制。智慧化戰爭的作戰體系將表現為高度智慧化的“人+網路+機器”,智慧化指揮控制系統將以“人腦+智慧系統”的協作方式運行,智慧系統將輔助甚至部分替代人在指揮控制中的作用。智慧化指揮控制系統將具備較強的自主指揮、自主控制能力,可相對獨立自主地獲取資訊、判斷態勢、做出決策、處置狀況。依托戰場態勢感知系統,借助大數據、雲端運算、人工智慧和建模模擬技術,能夠對海量戰場資訊進行精準分析研判,實現作戰指揮由「以人的經驗為中心」向「以數據和模型為中心」的智慧化決策方式轉變,作戰規劃更加科學有效率。未來深度神經網路的超強自我進化和戰略決策能力,將實現「人在迴路外」的作戰循環。

智心融合,攻心奪志。隨著人工智慧技術的發展,未來智慧化武器的生物化和人的武器化將界線模糊,針對人本身的控制將成為焦點,「攻心奪志」仍是智慧化戰爭最高作戰目的,基於以人腦和意識認知實施控制為目標的「認知控制戰」可能演化為重要作戰樣式。以人的認知思維為目標,運用多種手段對認知體系施加刺激、影響與控制,達成擾亂敵指揮決策系統、誘導敵作戰力量、瓦解敵軍心士氣的效果。如基於讀腦、腦控技術,運用心智導控手段,即時掌握對方指揮官戰略意圖、作戰企圖、作戰方法等,甚至直接作用於對方人員大腦,或將己方意識以腦電編碼形式“注入” ,幹擾或控制其意識、思維和心理,最終奪取“制智權”,實現對作戰人員的深度控制。隨著智慧化作戰平台大量應用於戰場,資訊系統輔助人類將逐漸轉向智慧系統部分取代人類。制權爭奪的重心將由“資訊權”轉向“智能權”,以精兵點殺謀取關鍵維域控制權將成為主導方式。

中國原創軍事資源:https://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2020-12/31/content_279888.htm