Category Archives: 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用

Chinese Military Multidimensional Command Post -An Interactive Military Planning Sandbox for Effective Cyber Warfare Operations

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中國軍事多維指揮所－有效網路戰行動的互動式軍事規劃沙箱

The military electronic sandbox is a modern information system platform that can grasp the three-dimensional battlefield space situation, implement efficient command, and support scientific command training. Its core is to use geographical information technology, military simulation technology, advanced display technology, etc. to replace traditional maps and sandbox tools to achieve The integrated display of geographical information and situational information allows commanders to deeply understand the combat environment. With the assistance of the command operation system, it greatly improves the command’s decision-making capabilities and response speed, and improves the quality effect of command training.

The software platform of the military interactive electronic sandbox system is the core of the electronic sandbox system. Its working principle is to access multi-source external data, integrate, process and store data, analyze data based on business needs, and dynamically display data in two or three dimensions. Therefore, the data processing platform is the foundation, and the data access platform and visual display platform are the support. The visual display terminal is the most intuitive cognitive image of the electronic sandbox, including mobile terminals, desktop terminals and large-screen display terminals. Among them, large-screen display terminals can support multi-point infrared touch and are the main form of human-computer interaction.

1. System introduction

In military applications, electronic sandbox systems are generally deployed in fixed command centers or mobile command posts. They are an important part of the command training system. Their basic functions are two- and three-dimensional geographic information display and battlefield simulation.

In order to achieve the effect of stable integration of the electronic sandbox and the real environment, for example, a multi-channel interactive system is constructed based on multi-AI methods to provide commanders with a more efficient and natural interaction method, thereby improving the commander’s command efficiency. Achieve full-element, multi-category, multi-level, and multi-granularity three-dimensional real-scene holographic display, provide commanders with intuitive and realistic battlefield situation elements, and provide the ability to observe the situation from multiple perspectives and directions, helping to grasp the overall situation and ensure the smooth operation of combat missions Complete it in time to improve combat effectiveness. The military plotting electronic sandbox is based on natural interaction (including voice, movement, gesture, line of sight, etc.), augmented reality, collaborative plotting and other technologies, and allows commanding combatants with different roles to conduct virtual and real interactions and collaborative discussions in real command posts. , jointly plotting, formulating plans, etc. to provide technical support, which will become a strong driving force for the leapfrog development of electronic sandboxes.

The multi-dimensional interactive military plotting electronic sandbox developed by a company is based on a practical perspective and is compatible with the terrain description function of the traditional physical sandbox and inherits the geographical information display function of the traditional electronic sandbox. It is oriented to the combat and training needs of senior commanders and focuses on achieving Through the interconnection of the electronic sand table and other operating seats in the command center, a set of intelligent interactive command and training operating platforms are designed and proposed for command operations during wartime and for drills and drills in peacetime.

During wartime, the electronic sand table serves as the display and control terminal for the commander to command operations. It integrates the support information of combat elements at each operating seat, receives battlefield information in real time, displays two- and three-dimensional battlefield situation maps, and provides basic auxiliary means such as plotting, measurement, and calculation. At the same time, it is based on data Mining and artificial intelligence technology provide the commander with a combat plan that can be intelligently learned and adjusted and conduct deduction simulations to assist the commander in making combat decisions. In normal times, the electronic sand table serves as the command and control terminal for the chief’s training exercises. It has the functions of scenario setting and training guidance, and supports data recording, auxiliary evaluation, review deduction and historical data query in the entire process of training scenarios from formulation, deployment to training. At the same time, it can also be used as a research platform for personnel exchange and training in the command center and a service platform for the release, display, and application of military intelligence information.

The multi-dimensional interactive military plotting electronic sand table developed by a company is based on a two-dimensional geographical information platform and a three-dimensional digital earth, combining multimedia display and control technology, simulation visualization technology, network communication technology, massive data management technology and multi-touch technology. A new two- and three-dimensional interactive military simulation and simulation integrated platform.

The software platform is the core of the electronic sandbox system. Its working principle is to access multi-source external data, integrate, process and store data, analyze data based on business needs, and dynamically display data in two or three dimensions. Therefore, the data processing platform is the foundation, and the data access platform and visual display platform are the support. The visual display terminal is the most intuitive cognitive image of the electronic sandbox, including mobile terminals, desktop terminals and large-screen display terminals. Among them, large-screen display terminals can support multi-point infrared touch and are the main form of human-computer interaction.

Working principle diagram of military interactive electronic sandbox system

(1) Infrastructure layer

The infrastructure layer is the basic environment that supports system operation, including graphics workstations, storage devices, computing devices, network devices, display devices, operating systems, etc. It provides a unified, high-speed, and secure basic network and host operating platform for the prototype system.

(2) Basic service layer

The basic service layer is the data resource carrying and basic service providing layer of the system. It supports the platform application layer and provides basic functions such as database management system, communication manager, and specific engines. On this basis, it develops and provides business-related basic services. Core services include geographical information services, data access services, situation display services, simulation deduction services, interconnection services, military marking services, etc. Service types can be customized and developed according to needs to meet the needs of different business applications.

(3) Platform application layer

Including business platform and user-oriented application plug-ins. The business platform includes a data access platform, a data processing platform, and a visual display platform.

(4) Data access platform

It is used to access, process, store and distribute various types of information and build a customized professional military intelligence database. Specifically, it is able to receive data from different sources, formats, and characteristics on combat processes, comprehensive support, geographical information, simulations, and other data, and integrate them logically or physically to provide information for situation display, combat discussions, command decisions, training evaluation, etc. Different applications provide data support. In peacetime, all kinds of basic military information, such as equipment information, personnel information, position information, target information, combat plans, etc., are collected, processed into a data format that can be called by the data processing platform, and saved in the form of local storage or cloud storage; During wartime, the meteorological and hydrological, electromagnetic environment, geographical environment, and humanistic environment data from each operating seat of the command center, the real-time location and attributes of personnel and equipment on the battlefield, Beidou information, video information, etc. are accessed in real time and processed into a data processing platform. The data format of the call.

(5) Data processing platform

With geographical information data as the background, various types of data from the data access platform are received or called, and a situation map is constructed to realize the visualization of the enemy’s situation, our situation, battlefield environment, target analysis, action progress, plotting and intervention process. On this basis, it provides standardized interfaces to achieve effective data connection with other systems, ensures function expansion and access to other systems, supports customized development of business application plug-ins, and provides support for the expansion of combat command business. In peacetime, based on the accumulated data, a simulated battlefield situation is constructed, combat plans and plans are formulated, exercises, training and simulations are conducted, and relevant results are stored in the data access platform for use in wartime.

(6) Visual display platform

Based on the independent 3D simulation engine, real-time rendering generates a 3D battlefield environment that is consistent with the combat and training areas. It uses structured data technology and flexible and editable logical data models to realize “layered” information data fusion display and output, and realizes multiple Click on infrared touch control and voice control, etc.

(7) Platform plug-ins

Relevant plug-ins are designed to meet the needs of operational planning, including functional plug-ins for data connection and management, process analysis and display, and program deduction and evaluation. They are customized to realize the connection and comprehensive management of operational planning business data. A “one picture” comprehensive display of the battlefield environment and battlefield situation during the combat process, as well as a comprehensive simulation deduction and display of various plans for reconnaissance, troop operations, battlefield defense and fire strikes involved in the combat process.

3. System composition

(1) Data engine

1. Diverse data

Supports massive, multi-source data processing, mainly including: images, vectors, DEM, 3D models, sea maps, land maps, aerial maps, etc.;

2.Data update

Supports rapid updating of multi-level mixed-precision geographical data;

3.Data distribution

Support data distribution based on C/S mode and quickly build electronic sandbox;

4.Data access

Supports distributed deployment and access of massive data from multiple sources, and can access cloud data.

(2) Comprehensive display and control

1.Full space expression

Supports full-space, multi-view, and multi-granularity simulation visual expression;

2. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional integration

Supports two- and three-dimensional integrated visual expression;

3.Multi-touch

Support new human-computer interaction methods based on multi-touch technology;

4. Interactive annotation

Supports interactive annotation of 3D models, landmarks, paths, regions, 360 panoramas and mounting of multimedia information.

(3) Sand table situation

1. Situation visualization

Supports multi-target and multi-batch battlefield situation visualization, and has functions such as scene saving and playback;

2. Diverse data sources

Compatible with multi-source surveillance data such as GPS, Beidou, radar, and AIS, and has an expandable data interface;

3. Editing and deduction

Supports 2D and 3D integrated editing and deduction of situational scenarios;

4. Situation special effects library

It has a rich library of battlefield simulation effects such as flame, explosion, smoke, infrared, electromagnetic, and radar.

(4) Military standard drawing

1. Collaborative plotting

Supports multi-person and multi-client synchronous and asynchronous collaborative military plotting;

2. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional plotting

Supports 2D and 3D simultaneous plotting and editing of military standards;

3. Sketch drawing

Supports intelligent recognition and plotting of sketches;

4.Same screen plotting

Supports multi-person 3D model plotting and editing on the same screen;

5. Military standard deduction

It has the function of 2D and 3D military standard situation deduction.

(5) Simulation engine

1. Natural environment simulation

Professional game-level rendering, supporting natural environment simulations such as three-dimensional clouds, fog, rain, snow, seawater, etc.;

2. Meteorological numerical simulation

Supports efficient processing, analysis and numerical simulation of large-scale, multi-source battlefield meteorological environment data;

3. Simulation deduction

Use human-computer interaction to deploy and perform deductions on deduction targets, and can expand simulation algorithms and combat rules;

4.Effectiveness evaluation

Supports assessment of operational effectiveness.

(6) Collaborative discussion

1. Electronic whiteboard

Distributed collaborative discussion and plotting based on electronic whiteboard, supporting conventional graphics, military standards, multimedia files, etc.;

2. Video conferencing

It has conference room mode collaborative discussion functions based on text, voice, and video communication to improve communication efficiency;

3. File sharing

Supports file sharing such as txt, PPT, PDF, picture files, compressed files, videos, etc.

(7) Software and hardware integration

Supports perfect integration with desktop interactive hardware;

Supports perfect integration with multi-touch hardware;

Support integration with video conferencing system hardware;

Support cross-platform applications.

(8) Key functional indicators

It has the display effects, fault simulation, and data connection functions of the existing aviation police information reconnaissance system; it has the functions of world sea and air area division display and air defense identification zone;

Have the ability to quickly configure existing business data into learning resources, and quickly configure learning resources and learning duration based on professional knowledge learning templates;

It has a variety of preset scenarios for sand table deduction and a variety of countries, including the United States, India, Japan and other countries;

Supports multi-source massive data storage, processing and update functions.

(9) Advantages and Features

1. Complete industry solutions

The electronic sandbox solution involves sandbox data processing, import, update, sandbox information sharing, collaborative work, command decision-making, military plotting, simulation, sandbox deduction and other related contents. The functions remain relatively independent and can be customized according to user needs. Professional solutions to meet the diverse needs of users;

2. Massive data management capabilities

Geographic information data is the core of the electronic sandbox. The data engine can store, process and update multi-source and massive geographical information data, supports distributed deployment of data, can access cloud data, and provides low-cost and efficient methods for the construction of sandboxes. Data Sources;

3. Integrated application

It achieves the perfect combination of software and hardware integration, supporting multiple hardware platforms such as multi-touch screens, command and control stations, circular projection screens, dedicated display and control stations, production monitoring platforms, etc.; the software realizes two- and three-dimensional integrated applications. , and integrates video conferencing, network communication, military plotting and other functions, it is a multi-functional comprehensive electronic sandbox system;

4. Good openness and compatibility

The system architecture is reasonably designed, has a good organizational structure and an easy-to-use development interface; it has good compatibility with hardware, can carry out secondary development and function expansion, and can be quickly integrated with other software systems.

4. Conclusion

With the deepening of informatization construction, the sources and types of information are increasingly expanding, and decision-making support methods are constantly enriched. According to the needs of combat training and command decision-making of various services and arms, a complete set of command decision-making analysis, mission deduction and situation display has been established. A functional electronic sandbox system has become a top priority. In response to the needs of BD, this electronic sandbox system developed by a certain company has intuitive comprehensive situation display, rich and diverse interactive methods, flexible combat data access, complete functions and expansion, which can meet the commander’s operational command and command training needs.

Traditioanl Mandarin Chinese:

軍事電子沙盤是掌握立體戰場空間態勢、實施高效指揮、支撐科學化指揮訓練的現代化資訊系統平台，其核心是利用地理資訊科技、軍事模擬技術、先進顯示技術等，取代傳統地圖、沙盤工具，實現 地理資訊、態勢資訊整合顯示，讓指揮人員深刻理解作戰環境，在指揮作業系統的輔助下，大幅提升指揮輔助決策能力與反應速度，提升指揮訓練的品質效應.

軍用互動式電子沙盤系統的軟體平台是電子沙盤系統的核心，其工作原理是接入多來源外部數據，融合處理和儲存數據，基於業務需求分析數據，二維動態展示數據。 因此，資料處理平台是基礎，資料接取平台和視覺化顯示平台是支撐。 視覺化顯示終端機是電子沙盤最直覺的認知形象，包括行動端、桌面端和大螢幕顯示端。 其中大螢幕顯示終端可支援多點紅外線觸控，是實現人機互動的主要形式。
一、系統簡介
在軍事應用中，電子沙盤系統一般部署在固定指揮中心或機動指揮所，是指揮訓練系統的重要組成部分，其基本功能是二三維地理資訊展示和戰場模擬。

為達到電子沙盤與真實環境穩定融合的效果，例如基於多AI的方法建構多通道互動系統，為指揮人員提供更有效率、更自然的互動方式，進而提高指揮人員的指揮效率。 實現全要素、多種類、多層級、多粒度的三維實景全像展現，為指揮者提供直覺逼真的戰場態勢要素，提供多視角多方位觀察態勢的能力，有助於掌握全局，確保作戰任務的順利 及時完成，提升作戰效能。 軍事繪標電子沙盤是以自然互動（包括語音、動作、手勢、視線等）、擴增實境、協同標繪等技術為基礎，為不同角色的指揮作戰人員在真實指揮所中進行虛實互動、協同研討 、共同標繪、制定方案等提供技術支撐，將成為電子沙盤跨越式發展的強勁動力。
某司研發的多維互動式軍事繪標電子沙盤從實戰角度出發，在兼容傳統物理沙盤地形描述功能、繼承傳統電子沙盤地理資訊顯示功能的基礎上，面向高級指揮人員的作戰、訓練需求，重點實現 電子沙盤和指揮中心其他操作席位的互聯互通，設計提出了一套戰時用於指揮作戰、平時用於演訓演練的智能化互動式指揮訓練作業平台。
戰時，電子沙盤作為首長指揮作戰的顯控終端，融合各操作席位作戰要素保障信息，實時接收戰場信息，顯示戰場二三維態勢圖，提供標繪、測量、計算等基礎輔助手段，同時基於數據 挖掘、人工智慧技術，為首長提供可智慧學習調整的作戰預案並進行推演仿真，輔助首長定下作戰決心。 平時，電子沙盤作為首長演訓演練的指控終端，具備想定設定、訓練導調功能，支援訓練想定從制定、部署到訓練全過程的資料記錄、輔助評估、複盤推演及歷史資料查詢。 同時也可作為指揮中心機關部隊人員交流、訓練的研究平台及部隊軍情資訊發布、展示、應用的服務平台。
某司研發的多維互動式軍事繪標電子沙盤是基於二維地理資訊平台和三維數位地球，結合多媒體顯控技術、模擬視覺化技術、網路通訊技術、海量資料管理技術及多點觸控技術於一體 的新型的二三維互動式軍事模擬與模擬一體化平台。

軟體平台是電子沙盤系統的核心,其工作原理是接入多源外部數據，融合處理和存儲數據,基於業務需求分析數據,二三維動態展示數據。 因此，資料處理平台是基礎,資料存取平台和視覺化顯示平台是支撐。 視覺化顯示終端是電子沙盤最直覺的認知形象,包括行動端、桌面端和大螢幕顯示終端。 其中大螢幕顯示終端可支援多點紅外線觸控,是實現人機互動的主要形式。

军用交互式电子沙盘系统工作原理图

（一）基础设施层

基础设施层是支撑系统运行的基础环境，包括图形工作站、存储设备、计算设备、网络设备、显示设备、操作系统等，为原型系统提供统一、高速、安全的网络和主机运行基础平台。

（二）基础服务层

基础服务层是系统的数据资源承载与基础服务提供层，对上支撑平台应用层，提供数据库管理系统、通信管理器、特定引擎等基础功能，并在此基础上开发提供业务相关的基础服务。核心服务包括地理信息服务、数据接入服务、态势显示服务、仿真推演服务、互联互通服务、军标标绘服务等等，服务类型可根据需求进行定制开发，满足不同业务应用需求。

（三）平台应用层

包括业务平台和面向用户的应用类插件。业务平台包括数据接入平台、数据处理平台、可视化显示平台。

（四）数据接入平台

用于接入、处理、存储、分发各类型信息，构建自定义的专业军情数据库。具体表现为：能够接收不同来源、格式、特点的作战过程、综合保障、地理信息、仿真推演等数据，并在逻辑或物理上有机综合集成，为态势显示、作战研讨、指挥决策、训练评估等不同应用提供数据支撑。在平时，收集各类军用基础信息，如装备信息、人员信息、阵地信息、目标信息、作战方案等，处理为可供数据处理平台调用的数据格式，以本地存储或云存储的形式保存；在战时，实时引接指挥中心各操作席位的气象水文、电磁环境、地理环境、人文环境数据，战场中人员和装备的实时位置及属性、北斗信息、视频信息等，并处理为可供数据处理平台调用的数据格式。

（五）数据处理平台

以地理信息数据为背景，接收或调用数据接入平台的各类数据，构建态势一张图，实现敌情、我情、战场环境、目标分析、行动进程、标绘和干预过程可视化。在此基础上，提供标准化接口，与其他系统实现有效数据衔接，保障功能扩展和其他系统接入，支持业务应用插件定制开发，为作战指挥业务扩展提供支撑。在平时，基于积累的数据构建仿真战场态势，制定作战计划和方案，进行演习训练和仿真推演，相关成果存入数据接入平台，供战时调用。

（六）可视化显示平台

基于自主化三维仿真引擎实时渲染生成与作战及训练区域一致的三维战场环境，运用结构化数据技术及灵活可编辑的逻辑数据模型，实现“图层化”信息数据融合显示及输出，并实现多点红外触摸控制及语音控制等。

（七）平台插件

相关插件是针对作战规划需求进行设计，包括数据引接与管理类、过程分析与展示类以及方案推演与评估类的功能插件，定制实现了作战规划业务数据的引接和综合管理。作战过程中战场环境与战场态势的“一幅图”综合展示，以及作战过程涉及的侦察、部队行动、战场防抗和火力打击各类方案的综合仿真推演与展示。

三、系统组成

（一）数据引擎

1.数据多样

支持海量、多源数据处理，主要包括：影像、矢量、DEM、三维模型、海图、陆图、空图等；

2.数据更新

支持多级混合精度地理数据的快速更新；

3.数据分发

支持基于C/S模式的数据分发，快速构建电子沙盘；

4.数据访问

支持多源海量数据的分布式部署和访问，可以访问云端数据。

(二）綜合顯控
1.全空間表達
支援全空間、多視角、多粒度模擬視覺化表達；
2.二維一體化
支持二維一體化可視化表達；
3.多點觸控
支援基於多點觸控技術的新型人機互動方式；
4.互動式標註
支援三維模型、地標、路徑、區域、360 全景圖的互動式標註和多媒體資訊的掛載。

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三）沙盤態勢
1.態勢可視化
支援多目標、多批次戰場態勢視覺化，並具備場景的保存、回放等功能；
2.多樣化資料來源
相容於 GPS、北斗、雷達、AIS 等多源監視數據，並具備可擴展數據介面；
3.編輯與推演
支持態勢場景的二維一體化編輯與推演；
4.態勢特效庫
具備火焰、爆炸、煙霧、紅外線、電磁、雷達等種類豐富戰場模擬效果庫。

（四）軍標標繪
1.協同標繪
支援多人多客戶端同步和非同步協同軍事標繪；
2.二三維標繪
支援軍標的二立體同步標繪和編輯；
3.草圖示繪
支援草圖智慧識別標繪；
4.同畫面標繪
支援多人同屏三維模型標繪和編輯；
5.軍標推演
具備二三維軍標態勢推演功能。

（五）仿真引擎
1.自然環境仿真
專業的遊戲級渲染，支援立體雲、霧、雨、雪、海水等自然環境模擬；
2.氣象數值模擬
支援大尺度、多源戰場氣象環境資料的高效處理、解析和數值模擬；
3.仿真推演
以人機互動的方式對推演目標進行部署、推演，可擴展模擬演算法與作戰規則等；
4.效果評估
支援對作戰效果的評估。

（六）协同研讨

1.电子白板

基于电子白板的分布式协同研讨和标绘，支持常规图形、军标、多媒体文件等；

2.视频会议

具备基于文字、语音、视频通讯的会议室模式协同研讨功能，提高沟通效率；

3.文件共享

支持 txt、PPT、PDF、图片文件、压缩文件、视频等文件共享。

（七）軟硬體一體化
支援與桌面互動硬體的完美結合；
支援與多點觸控硬體完美結合；
支援與視訊會議系統硬體的整合；
支援跨平台應用程式。
（八）關鍵功能指標
具備現有航警資訊偵察系統的顯示效果、故障模擬、資料引接功能；具備世界海空區域劃分顯示、防空識別區功能；
具備將現有業務數據，基於專業的知識學習模板，快速配置成學習資源、快速配置成學習資源和學習時長的能力；
具備沙盤推演預置多種場景，多種國別，包括美國、印度、日本等等國家；
支援多源海量資料儲存、處理和更新功能。
（九）優勢特色
1.完整的行業解決方案
電子沙盤解決方案涉及沙盤資料的處理、導入、更新、沙盤資訊共享、協同工作、指揮決策、軍事標繪、模擬模擬、沙盤推演等相關內容，功能之間保持相對獨立，可根據用戶需求定制個性 化的解決方案，滿足使用者多樣化的需求；
2.海量資料管理能力
地理資訊數據是電子沙盤的核心，資料引擎可對多源、海量的地理資訊數據進行儲存、處理和更新，支援資料的分散部署，能夠存取雲端數據， 為沙盤的建置提供低成本、高效的 數據來源；
3.一體化應用
實現了軟體與硬體一體化的完美結合，支援多點觸控螢幕、指揮控制台位、環形投影幕、專用顯控台位、生產監控平台等多種硬體平台；軟體實現了二維一體化應用 ，並且整合了視訊會議、網路通訊、軍事標繪等功能，是一款多功能綜合性電子沙盤系統；
4.良好的開放性和相容性
系統架構設計合理，具有良好的組織結構和易用的開發介面；具備與硬體良好的兼容性，可進行二次開發和功能擴展，能夠與其它的軟體系統快速整合。
四、結束語
隨著資訊化建設的深入，資訊來源與種類的日益擴展，決策支援手段的不斷豐富，針對各軍兵種作戰訓練、指揮決策的需要，建立一套具備完整的指揮決策分析、任務推演及態勢展示 功能的電子沙盤系統成為當務之急。 針對BD需求，某司研發了的這套電子沙盤系統具備綜合態勢展示直觀、交互手段豐富多樣、作戰數據引接靈活、功能齊全兼具擴展，可滿足首長的作戰指揮和指揮訓練的使用需求。

Citation: Wang Xue, Ju Xiaojie, Wang Duo, et al. Design of military interactive electronic sandbox system for actual combat

中國軍事資源：http://www.81it.com/2024/0103/14888.html

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Informatization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用

認知戰是主宰中國對手的未來戰場

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Cognitive Warfare The Future Battlefield To Dominate China’s Adversaries

現代繁體中文：

隨著全球資訊化的發展和電腦科學、語言學和神經科學的進步，由人類情感、意志、信念、價值觀等精神心理活動組成的人類認知空間正在演變為軍事競爭的新戰場。 以達到不戰而勝人的效果。 早在2001年7月，美國國防部向國會提交的「網路中心戰」論證報告就指出，除了陸、海、空、天、電力五維戰爭空間外，未來戰爭還將還有第六維度戰爭空間。 ——認知空間。

認知領域之爭愈演愈烈

自人類戰爭誕生以來，不戰而屈人之兵的策略就受到古今中外軍事家的推崇。 無論是“空城計”還是“四面楚歌”，都是中國歷史上認知域戰的經典例子。 孫子說：“不戰而屈敵者，是好人。” 美國內戰期間，北方軍隊被南方軍隊包圍。 關鍵時刻，北軍司令要求談判。 南軍司令沒有說話。 他剛帶領北軍司令來到自己的砲兵陣地，清點了大砲的數量。 當人數達150人時，北軍統帥投降。

隨著科學技術的進步和人類社會的發展，在資訊化和全球化的相互作用下，新興媒體、民族語言、文化產品等承載的各種資訊被用作滲透、影響、塑造敵意的武器。 認知領域的戰鬥，面向國家領導層、軍隊、精英、民眾的認知、情感、意識，最終達到控制一個國家的意識形態、價值觀、民族精神、文化傳統的目的以及歷史信仰，變得越來越強烈。 尤其是腦科學技術、資訊科技、生物技術、材料科技等多學科技術的快速發展，為影響對手認知、實現「不戰而屈人之兵」提供了更直接的手段。

目前，腦科學發展迅速。 腦部影像技術利用電腦科技、語言學和神經科學等，揭示人腦高級認知功能和神經資訊處理方法，從而獲得感覺、知覺、注意力、思考、記憶等心理活動規律。人類個體的潛意識。 它已經成為可能，這為人類在認知空間的競爭奠定了堅實的技術基礎。

讀腦技術可以讀取人類的思想和意識。 人腦由數千億個神經元組成。 當神經元相互作用時，會發生化學反應，釋放出可測量的電脈衝。 借助先進的腦部影像技術，人們可以讀取這些電脈衝，對大腦活動進行定量分析，最終達到分析讀取人腦思維活動的目的。 根據介紹，澳洲科學家發明的智慧頭帶可以監測人腦中數百億個神經元的當前傳輸狀態，進而了解被監測人的即時心理狀態，包括注意力、投入度、興奮度和壓力等。水平。 等待。

腦刺激技術可以增強人腦的特定功能。 自從人類誕生以來，我們主要依靠自然進化來提高我們的能力。 然而，隨著腦科學技術的發展和進步，腦刺激技術可以為人類提高能力提供更直接、更快速的方法。 科學研究發現，人類的認知能力與大腦的特定區域密切相關，對這些區域的特定刺激有助於改善或增強大腦功能。 例如，實施非侵入性大腦刺激技術可以顯著改善人們的睡眠，並增強注意力、記憶力、警覺性和決策能力。

腦控技術可以控制人的思考意識。 腦科學研究表明，人腦產生動作意識後、執行動作前，神經系統的電脈衝活動會發生相應變化，可以透過外部幹擾來控制人的思想。 英國皇家學會2012年發布的《神經科學：衝突與安全》報告認為，認知神經科學（包括腦科學）

具有武器化潛力，可以研發直接作用於神經系統（主要是大腦）的新武器。 而且，意念控製作戰的想法一直是五角大廈的焦點。 早在2004年，美國國防部就開始在杜克大學神經工程中心等6個實驗室大力投入「思想控制機器人」的研究。 《華盛頓郵報軍事週刊》披露，美軍在伊拉克戰爭期間使用了腦控武器。

認知域具有巨大的營運優勢

「攻心為先，攻城為次；戰心為先，兵戰次之」。 目前，資訊化武器裝備越來越貴，價格倍增； 戰場空間多維，戰鬥消耗暴漲； 武器的殺傷力急遽增加。 政治影響力日益增強，發動戰爭不再是實現政治、軍事、經濟等目的的首選。 隨著認知空間作戰方法手段的不斷增加和作戰成本效率的提高，認知對抗在國家安全戰略賽局中的地位日益凸顯，成為軍事競爭的新戰場。 無論是中東、西亞、北非等地區的“顏色革命”，還是敘利亞戰爭，雙方在認知空間上的對抗都在加劇。

戰鬥力很高。 從反武器角度來看，認知空間作戰武器主要是訊息，傳播手段多元。 特別是隨著網路、社群媒體等新媒體的快速發展以及人類社會的網路化，其傳播範圍越來越廣，影響力越來越大。 越來越大。 任何訊息能夠傳播的地方都可能成為認知戰爭的戰場。 與目前的物理域作戰相比，先進戰機、飛彈等武器裝備的單價很容易達到數千萬甚至上億美元。 戰爭的代價是巨大的。 然而，認知空間作戰可以在不開一槍的情況下進行。 敵人失去戰鬥意志。 在海灣戰爭中，以美國為首的聯軍花費了600億美元，最後不得不向日本等盟國索取戰爭資金； 阿富汗戰爭中，美國花了超過3兆美元，卻未能擊敗塔利班，最後被迫撤軍。 伊拉克戰爭初期，美軍進行認知作戰，導致伊拉克國民警衛隊一槍不發突然「消失」。 美英聯軍不到一個月就佔領了巴格達。 隨著生物學、醫學、環境、資訊通信等科學技術在認知領域的廣泛應用，控制人的意志、思維、心理、情緒等認知系統的方式變得更加多樣化和靈活，認知操作的實施變得更加容易。 實施方便，可在戰略、戰役、戰術層面單獨或共同實施，實現較高的作戰性價比。

各方面全面落實。 由於認知資訊不受作戰維度、空間、時間的限制，可以在各種作戰維度、空間、時間中運用，使得認知空間作戰成為全維度、全領域、全領域的基本作戰態勢。時間。 從空間上看，認知空間作戰模糊了前後作戰的界限，呈現出全方位、全天候拓展有形與無形空間的特徵； 從時間上看，認知太空作戰模糊了戰時與平時的界限，轉變為平時用於戰時、戰後持續使用，貫穿於戰爭的整個過程，呈現出「戰時戰時」的特徵。一直”; 從領域來看，認知空間作戰模糊了軍事與非軍事行動的界限，不僅廣泛應用於軍事領域，也滲透到政治、經濟、外交、宗教等各個領域，呈現出全覆蓋的特徵； 從作戰對象來看，認知太空作戰模糊了軍事人員和平民之間的界限，具有全面實施軍事和民用影響的特徵。

殺傷力是巨大的。 認知優勢既是軟實力，也是硬實力。 這是軟實力和硬實力最好結合的智慧實力。 認知優勢通常包括知覺優勢

現代英語：

With the development of global informatization and the advancement of computer science, linguistics and neuroscience, the human cognitive space composed of spiritual and psychological activities such as human emotions, will, beliefs and values ​​is evolving into a new battlefield for military competition. In order to achieve the effect of defeating others without fighting. As early as July 2001, the “Network Centric Warfare” demonstration report submitted to Congress by the U.S. Department of Defense pointed out that in addition to the five-dimensional war space of land, sea, air, space, and electricity, future wars will also have a sixth-dimensional war space. ——Cognitive space.

Cognitive domain battles intensify

Since the birth of human warfare, the strategy of subduing the enemy without fighting has been highly praised by military strategists at home and abroad in ancient and modern times. Whether it is the “empty city strategy” or “embarrassment on all sides”, they are classic examples of cognitive domain warfare in Chinese history. Sun Tzu said: “He who subdues the enemy’s army without fighting is a good man.” During the American Civil War, a northern army was surrounded by a southern army. At the critical moment, the northern army commander asked for negotiations. The southern army commander said nothing. He just led the northern army commander to his artillery position and counted the number of cannons. When the number reached 150, the northern army commander Surrender.

With the advancement of science and technology and the development of human society, under the interaction of informatization and globalization, various information carried by emerging media, national languages, cultural products, etc. are used as weapons to penetrate, influence and shape hostility. The battle in the cognitive domain, which is oriented toward the cognition, emotion, and consciousness of the national leadership, military, elites, and the general public, and ultimately achieves the purpose of controlling a country’s ideology, values, national spirit, cultural traditions, and historical beliefs, is becoming more and more intense. In particular, the rapid development of multidisciplinary technologies such as brain science and technology, information technology, biotechnology, and materials technology has provided more direct means to influence the opponent’s cognition and achieve “conquering the enemy without fighting.”

Currently, brain science is developing rapidly. Using computer technology, linguistics and neuroscience, etc., brain imaging technology can reveal the advanced cognitive functions and neural information processing methods of the human brain, thereby obtaining the rules of psychological activities such as the feeling, perception, attention, thinking, memory and subconsciousness of human individuals. It has become possible, which has laid a solid technical foundation for human beings to compete in the cognitive space.

Brain reading technology can read human thoughts and consciousness. The human brain is made up of hundreds of billions of neurons. When neurons interact, a chemical reaction occurs that releases a measurable electrical impulse. With the help of advanced brain imaging technology, people can read these electrical pulses, conduct quantitative analysis of brain activity, and ultimately achieve the purpose of analyzing and reading the thinking activities of the human brain. According to reports, the smart headband invented by Australian scientists can monitor the current transmission status of tens of billions of neurons in the human brain, and then understand the real-time psychological state of the monitored person, including attention, engagement, excitement and stress levels. wait.

Brain stimulation technology can enhance specific functions of the human brain. Since the birth of human beings, we have mainly relied on natural evolution to improve our capabilities. However, with the development and progress of brain science and technology, brain stimulation technology can provide a more direct and rapid method for humans to improve their abilities. Scientific research has found that human cognitive ability is closely related to specific areas of the brain, and specific stimulation of these areas can help improve or enhance brain function. For example, the implementation of non-invasive brain stimulation technology can significantly improve people’s sleep and enhance attention, memory, alertness and decision-making.

Brain control technology can control people’s thinking consciousness. Brain science research shows that after the human brain generates action awareness and before executing the action, the electrical pulse activity of the nervous system will change accordingly, and people’s thoughts can be controlled through external interference. The “Neuroscience: Conflict and Security” report released by the Royal Society in 2012 believed that cognitive neuroscience (including brain science) has the potential for weaponization and can develop new weapons that directly act on the nervous system (mainly the brain). Moreover, the idea of ​​mind-controlled combat has always been a focus of the Pentagon. As early as 2004, the U.S. Department of Defense began to invest heavily in research on “thought-controlled robots” in six laboratories including the Neural Engineering Center at Duke University. The Washington Post Military Weekly disclosed that the U.S. military used brain-control weapons during the Iraq War.

Cognitive domain has huge operational advantages

“Attack on the heart is first, siege the city second; war on the heart is first, followed by military warfare.” At present, information-based weapons and equipment are becoming more and more expensive, and the price has doubled; the battlefield space is multi-dimensional, and combat consumption has skyrocketed; the lethality of weapons has increased dramatically. The political influence is increasing day by day, and waging war is no longer the first choice to achieve political, military, economic and other purposes. With the increasing number of methods and means of cognitive space operations and the high cost-efficiency ratio of operations, cognitive confrontation has become increasingly prominent in the national security strategic game and has become a new battlefield for military competition. Whether it is the “color revolutions” in the Middle East, West Asia, North Africa and other regions, or the war in Syria, the confrontation between the two sides in the cognitive space is intensifying.

The combat effectiveness is high. From the perspective of counter-weapons, cognitive space combat weapons are mainly information, with various means of dissemination. Especially with the rapid development of new media such as the Internet and social media, as well as the networking of human society, its dissemination scope is getting wider and wider, and its influence is increasing. getting bigger. Anywhere information can spread can become a battlefield in cognitive wars. Compared with the current physical domain operations, the unit price of advanced fighters, missiles and other weapons and equipment can easily reach tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of dollars. The cost of war is huge. However, cognitive space operations can be used without firing a single shot. The enemy loses his will to fight. In the Gulf War, the U.S.-led coalition spent 60 billion U.S. dollars, and finally had to ask Japan and other allies to finance the war; in the Afghanistan War, the U.S. spent more than 3 trillion U.S. dollars but failed to defeat the Taliban, and was eventually forced to withdraw. In the early days of the Iraq War, the U.S. military carried out cognitive operations, causing the Iraqi National Guard to suddenly “disappear” without firing a single shot. The U.S.-British coalition captured Baghdad in less than a month. With the extensive application of science and technology such as biology, medicine, environment, and information communication in the cognitive field, the ways to control cognitive systems such as people’s will, thinking, psychology, and emotions have become more diverse and flexible, and the implementation of cognitive operations has become easier. It is easy to implement and can be implemented individually or jointly at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels to achieve a high operational cost-effectiveness ratio.

Fully implemented in all dimensions. Since cognitive information is not limited by operational dimensions, space, and time, it can be used in various operational dimensions, spaces, and times, making cognitive space operations a basic combat situation that is all-dimensional, all-domain, and all-time. From a spatial point of view, cognitive space operations blur the boundaries between front and rear operations, showing the characteristics of all-round and all-weather expansion of tangible and invisible spaces; from a time point of view, cognitive space operations blur the boundaries between wartime and peacetime, transforming In peacetime, it is used in wartime, and it continues after the war, throughout the entire process of the war, showing the characteristics of “war at all times”; from a field perspective, cognitive space operations blur the boundaries between military and non-military operations, and are not only widespread It is used in the military field, and penetrates into various fields such as politics, economy, diplomacy, religion, etc., showing the characteristics of full coverage; from the perspective of combat objects, cognitive space operations blur the boundaries between military personnel and civilians, and have the ability to comprehensively implement military and civilian Characteristics of impact.

The lethality is huge. Cognitive advantage is both soft power and hard power. It is the smart power that best combines soft and hard power. Cognitive advantages usually include perceptual advantages, knowledge advantages, psychological advantages and decision-making advantages. Perceptual advantages can help the military improve the lethality of weapon platforms. U.S. Air Force combat tests show that after a combat aircraft gains a perception advantage, its lethality can be increased by 2.5 times. However, if the aircraft is at a disadvantage in perception, it will be in a state of information confusion to a large extent, and will not only become “blind” or “deaf”, They may also become “idiots” who act blindly and “idiots” who are deceived by the enemy’s false information. In the future, intelligent warfare will, to some extent, be a contest of knowledge. Knowledge has become an important military element. Only by forming a knowledge advantage can we fully utilize the performance of high-tech weapons and equipment and achieve the best combination of people and weapons. Decision-making advantage is the core of cognitive space advantage and the key to winning future wars. Establishing and protecting one’s own decision-making advantages, and attacking and weakening the enemy’s decision-making advantages will be the focus of future war confrontations. Only by gaining a decision-making advantage can we form a full-spectrum advantage and ultimately win the war.

Give full play to the advantages of non-military power. Future wars are hybrid wars, involving not only the military field, but also many non-military fields. Due to restrictions such as the laws of war, military power cannot be used in non-military fields, but cognitive space operations can exert its unique advantages to achieve war goals. For example, during the Second Lebanon War, the Lebanese military made full use of the power of the media to publicize a large number of civilian casualties to win the support of international public opinion; internally, it used pictures of destroyed Israeli military equipment to publicize the results of the war, which not only forced the Israeli military to compress as much as possible The duration of the operation resulted in its inability to achieve its operational objectives, and it also received support from Arab countries, thus gaining strategic initiative. As cognitive space becomes a new battlefield space, non-military forces are likely to become the main force in cognitive space operations, and combat operations will become more and more frequent. According to statistics, in recent local wars, the ratio of non-military forces to military combat forces has reached 4:1, with non-military forces engaged in cognitive operations accounting for the vast majority.

Cognitive domain combat methods are diverse

In essence, cognitive domain operations start from the spiritual level of war, taking people’s will, beliefs, thinking, psychology, etc. as the objects of combat, triggering cognitive imbalances by attacking the opponent’s perceptual system, and attacking their value system to promote combat. The target is emotionally disturbed and attacks its belief system, causing the target’s will to collapse, thereby achieving the combat goal. According to the cognitive space combat mechanism, its combat methods mainly include the following.

Destroy the will to fight. To dismantle the will to war is to declare to hostile countries the determination to fight and the will to use force by displaying powerful new weapons and equipment, new combat forces, mobilizing and deploying troops, and large-scale military exercises, so as to intimidate and deter the enemy’s military and civilians. The opponent retreats or surrenders, abandoning war operations. As for the timing of use, it is mainly used before war, aiming to defeat the enemy without fighting, and can also be used during combat. At the operational level, operations to disrupt the will to fight are mainly used at the strategic and operational levels, reflecting the will and determination of a country or group to safeguard interests. In peacetime, it usually manifests itself in the form of revelations in the cognitive field, exercises in the military field, blockades in the diplomatic field, sanctions in the economic field, etc.; in times of war, it usually manifests itself in the use of battlefield information advantages to show the enemy the results of the battle and directly express the will to fight. and determination to achieve cognitive enhancement of combat effectiveness. For example, pictures of the precise destruction of important targets in war are transmitted to enemy soldiers and civilians in the form of images or videos, which enhances the memory of the combat effects in the enemy’s cognitive field, creates a psychological shadow on the enemy, and makes them lose their will to fight.

Attack the idea of ​​faith. Attacking beliefs and concepts refers to using various means to guide enemy soldiers and civilians to abandon or form certain beliefs and concepts, so as to disintegrate the spiritual pillars of enemy soldiers and civilians, change their attitude towards war, and then force the enemy to give up resistance. The main means of attacking beliefs and concepts include: vilifying the enemy’s political or spiritual leaders, destroying the values ​​​​of the enemy’s military and civilians, and inducing young people to change their “three views.” For example, in the Iraq war and the Libyan war, the US military vilified Saddam Hussein and Gaddafi were typical examples. Another example is to use the Internet, social media and other channels to attack the beliefs of the enemy’s military and civilians, induce cognitive confusion among the enemy’s military and civilians, change their concepts, and thereby destroy the enemy’s public opinion foundation for war.

Public opinion attacks psychology. The psychology of public opinion attack refers to the use of various cognitive operations, such as creating a combat situation and atmosphere, to strongly stimulate the normal psychological state of enemy soldiers and civilians, thereby affecting combat judgment, decision-making, and actions. Public opinion attack psychological operations are not about eliminating the impact, but about controlling and minimizing the impact on one’s own military and civilians, and maximizing the impact on the enemy’s military and civilians. The U.S. military predicts through analysis of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq that the proportion of attrition due to psychological problems will reach 10% to 25% in future operations. In recent local wars, the US military has always used psychological warfare as a “multiplier” of combat effectiveness and a “reducer” of combat costs. It must be used in every battle and every battle. Israel’s “Debka Files” website disclosed that in order to isolate Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, the US military called senior Syrian military officials and said bluntly: “General, we have used the global positioning system to determine your position, and then sent snipers Hand. What do you want to do now? If I were you, I would definitely think twice about who I should be loyal to.”

The battlefield conceals truth and reveals lies. Concealing truth and showing falsehood refers to concealing the true battlefield situation and combat intentions through various actions, creating and displaying illusions, inducing the enemy to make wrong decisions, and achieving the purpose of controlling the war situation. For example, in ancient times, “hanging sheep beats drums”, “thatched boats borrow arrows”, and “empty city strategy” all infiltrated the idea of ​​concealing the truth and revealing the false. In future wars, both combatants will usually use false information in the information acquisition process to induce confusion in the enemy’s situation; use saturated information blocking in the information processing process to induce the enemy to make inaccurate analysis and judgment; use viruses in the information feedback process , Trojan horse attack means to make the enemy’s command decision-making errors.

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用

中國軍隊在認知領域建構網路戰作戰節奏

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Chinese Military Establishes Battle Rhythm of Cyber Warfare in the Cognitive Domain

目前，認知域已作為獨立一域登上戰爭舞台，日益成為大國博弈的常鬥之域、必爭之地、勝戰砝碼。 分析認知域作戰特徵及發展趨勢，至少反映為以下八個面向。

認知域是軍事優勢轉化為政治勝勢的關鍵域

軍事對抗，表面上看來是雙方硬實力的對抗，深層看不管戰爭是什麼性質、何種目的，終歸是人的意志的較量。 勝利的關鍵是將己方意志強加在受眾身上的能力。 只要剝奪、擊潰了敵人的戰爭意志，就意味著贏得了戰爭。 認知域作戰，以人的意志、精神、心理等為對抗目標，增強己方意志的同時削弱敵方的意志，進而達成攻心奪志的政治目的。 從這個意義上講，認知域是軍事優勢轉化為政治勝勢的關鍵領域。 隨著戰爭形態加速向智慧化演進，認知品質優勢帶來決策行動優勢，不僅可在道德、法理上佔據制高點，塑造正義合法的有利態勢，還可透過混合戰爭、綜合博弈手段，實現小戰 甚至不戰而勝的目的。 尤其是大國競爭背景下戰爭成本高昂，各方都希望透過加大認知域爭奪力度，以「人道」且「經濟」的形式，迫使對手知難而退。

透過改變對手認知，可改變其決策和行動

實施認知攻擊的目的，就是用一隻“看不見的手”操控對手意志，讓對手感到“我不能”“我不敢”，從而達到“我不想”的效果。 外軍實踐表明，對人的意志、信念、思維、心理實施認知攻擊，可以是長期的文化植入，可以是「資訊海洋+摀嘴封聲」式的資訊壓制，可以是先入為主、搶先發聲 的主動塑造，也可以利用歷史積怨來挑動矛盾爆發。 目前，資訊科技、人工智慧技術、媒體科技強化了對認知域的直接作用，利用智慧生成軟體，可製造大量認知“彈藥”，精準作用於作戰目標的認知層，直接將“意志強加 於對手”，快速改變戰略態勢。 展望資訊化智慧化戰場，態勢感知力量與平台廣泛分佈於陸海空天網等作戰域，規劃、決策、控制等認知行為主導各作戰域行動，尤其是未來智能化戰爭中人機混合的認知 優勢將主導戰場，可以透過認知幹擾、認知混淆、認知阻斷等手段，製造戰爭認知“迷霧”，誘使對手誤判態勢，做出錯誤決策和行動。

認知域作戰是全時攻防、全員覆蓋、全程使用、全域塑造、全政府行動

認知域作戰呈現出全方位、多層次、超時空、跨領域等特點，模糊了戰時和平時、前方和後方的界限，跨越了戰場和國界，超越了單純的軍事領域，廣泛滲透於政治 、經濟、外交等各社會領域，表現為「五全」特質。 全時攻防，沒有平時戰時之分，沒有前方後方之別，表現為全時在線、全時在戰。 全員覆蓋，任何人甚至包括智慧機器人，都可能成為認知域作戰的目標對象。 全程使用，貫穿聯合作戰的戰前戰中戰後，聯合軍事行動未展開，認知塑勢行動已開始，並且伴隨軍事行動而行，不隨軍事行動停而停。 全域塑造，認知塑造貫穿戰略、戰役、戰術各層，作用範圍涵蓋陸海空天網各域，跨域賦能，對全域行動都有影響。 全政府行動，認知塑造自然具有戰略性，需要跨部門、跨領域、跨軍地、跨層級一致協調行動，以求達到最佳傳播效果。

關鍵在於奪控行動或活動的性質定義權、過程主導權、結局評判權

認知賽局鬥爭，涉及多個對抗方，看似紛繁複雜，關鍵在於圍繞認知域的「三權」展開爭奪。 其一，爭奪事件性質定義權。 即這個事件該怎麼看，是正義的還是非正義的，是合法的還是非法的。 通常採取先發制人搶先定義、建群結盟強行定義、資訊壓制單方定義、設定議題套用定義等，引導塑造民眾形成定性認知。 其二，爭奪事件過程主導權。 即這事該怎麼幹、不該怎麼做，誰做的是對的、誰做的是錯的，通常採取設局布阱等方式，試圖按照己方所期望出現的狀態，主導目標事件發展方向、 快慢、暫停、繼續與終結。 其三，爭奪事件結局評判權。 即對這事該怎麼評，誰是獲利方、誰是受損方，誰是眼前的失利者、誰是長遠的受損者，等等。 各方都試圖透過掌控事件結局的評判權，放大於己有利之處、放大於敵不利之處，目的是利用事件延伸效應，持續傷敵利己。

道義和法理是各方爭奪的焦點

軍事行動歷來講究「師出有名」。 雖然戰爭形態加速演變，但是戰爭從屬於政治的本質屬性不會改變；戰爭性質和人心向背，仍是影響戰爭勝負的關鍵因素。 認知域戰場上，佔據了政治、道義、法理的製高點，就能夠贏得民心、道義支持，營造得道多助的輿論氛圍，進而掌握制敵先機。 每次戰爭或衝突，無論是強者或弱者，無論是進攻方防守方或第三方，各方都會全力搶佔認知主導權、輿論主動權，千方百計用道義包裝自己、注重宣示正義立場，設法為 戰爭定性、為行動正名，以消除阻力、增加助力，塑造以「有道」伐「無道」的有利態勢。 戰爭雙方實力對比不同，瞄準佔據道德法理制高點進行的認知對抗方式也會不同。 近幾場戰爭表明，當一方軟硬實力均很強大時，即軍事實力強、盟友夥伴眾多、國際話語權佔有率大，常常高調宣戰；當軍事行動有可能引發連鎖反應時，則常常模糊處理 「戰」的提法。

資訊是認知攻防的基本“彈藥”

網路資訊時代，人類溝通方式持續發生複雜深刻變化。 現場互動互動逐漸讓位給網路線上連線，一些大型社群平台成為認知博弈鬥爭的主陣地、影響民眾認知的主管道，以資訊為彈藥進行國際網路封鎖權、話語控制權爭奪成為當今認 知對抗的主要行動之一。 在這些平台上，各種短視頻成為公眾了解戰況的“第一現場”，訊息比砲彈跑得快。 圍繞平台的使用與封鎖、主導與規製成為認知域作戰爭奪的焦點，各方努力透過操控社交平台來傳播、放大己方宣傳，聲討、壓制對方宣傳，形成「我說的多、你說的少 」「我說的對、你說的錯」「只能我說、不讓你說」的局面。 民眾作為大型社群平台的使用者，在「聽」與「說」甚至「做」的過程中，受別人影響，也影響別人，不知不覺地成為幕後推手的代理人和攻擊道具。

軍事行動對認知塑造有關鍵支撐作用

人類戰爭史表明，兵戰永遠是政治較量的基礎支撐，心戰則是兵戰的效能倍增器。 戰場上拿不回來的東西，不能指望在談判桌上拿回來，更不能指望在輿論場上拿回來。 現代戰爭中，認知傳播行動總是與聯合軍事行動如影隨形，心戰與兵戰互相影響、互為支撐，兵戰心戰化和心戰兵戰化趨勢更為明顯。 從戰爭實踐看，沒有軍事實力是萬萬不能的，但僅有軍事行動又不是萬能的。 戰場上的多次勝利，並不是奪取戰爭勝利的充分條件。 越戰中，美雖「贏得了每次戰鬥，卻輸掉了整場戰爭」。 21世紀初，美國連續打的伊拉克戰爭、阿富汗戰爭，贏得了戰場勝利，也沒有贏得政治勝勢。 同樣的道理，軍事上的勝勢不等於贏得輿論上的強勢，贏得戰場勝利也不意味著贏得戰略的勝利。 現代戰爭中，兩類人員的角色越來越大，一類人員透過編寫成千上萬行程式碼謀勝，一類人員透過編寫成千上萬條資訊謀勝。 這兩類人員數品質都佔優的一方，取勝的機率往往就大。

認知對抗技術越來越直接運用於戰爭

過去戰爭中，對認知域的影響和作用，主要是透過物理域的大量毀傷行動，逐級逐層傳遞到認知域。 隨著資訊通訊、人工智慧、生物交叉、腦科學等技術的發展和突破，新的認知戰工具和技術直接瞄準軍事人員。 認知對抗不僅使用傳統的資訊戰武器，也使用以大腦為作戰目標的神經武器庫。 屆時，機器將可以讀懂人腦，人腦也將能夠直接控制機器，智慧指控系統可以直接提供戰場態勢和決策輔助，逼真的認知彈藥和精準的受眾投放將極大增強社會影響效果。 認知對抗技術越來越直接運用於戰爭，原來資訊化所隱含的間接認知，正逐步轉變為直接對人的認知進行影響與控制。 可以說，先進科技的支撐，使認知域作戰透過建構現代網路架構、開發資料視覺化平台，快速了解資訊環境並有效影響目標人群，可以更直接且有效率地達成政治目的。

（作者單位：軍事科學學院戰爭研究院）

Modern English:

Analysis of the characteristics and development trends of cognitive domain operations

Cognitive domain operations take people’s will, beliefs, thinking, psychology, etc. as direct combat objects, and then affect their decisions and actions by changing the opponent’s cognition. Entering the era of information-based and intelligent warfare, cognitive domain warfare has become an important form of great power game, with all parties striving to achieve political goals in a relatively controllable manner. Gaining insight into the characteristics and development trends of cognitive domain operations is of urgent and important practical significance for winning future wars.

At present, the cognitive domain has entered the war stage as an independent domain, and has increasingly become a common domain, a battleground, and a weight for victory in the game between great powers. Analyze the characteristics and development trends of cognitive domain operations, which are reflected in at least the following eight aspects.

The cognitive domain is the key domain for transforming military advantage into political victory.

On the surface, military confrontation is a confrontation between the hard power of both sides. On a deeper level, no matter what the nature of the war is and for what purpose, it is ultimately a contest of human wills. The key to victory is the ability to impose your will on your audience. As long as the enemy’s will to fight is deprived and defeated, the war is won. Cognitive domain warfare uses human will, spirit, psychology, etc. as the target of confrontation, strengthening one’s own will while weakening the enemy’s will, thereby achieving the political goal of conquering the heart and mind. In this sense, the cognitive domain is the key domain for transforming military advantage into political victory. As war accelerates its evolution toward intelligence, cognitive quality advantages bring decision-making and action advantages, which can not only occupy the moral and legal high ground and create a favorable situation of justice and legality, but also realize small wars through hybrid warfare and comprehensive game means. Even the purpose of winning without fighting. Especially in the context of great power competition, the cost of war is high. All parties hope to intensify the competition for cognitive domains and force their opponents to retreat in a “humane” and “economic” manner.

By changing the opponent’s perception, it can change its decisions and actions

The purpose of implementing cognitive attacks is to use an “invisible hand” to control the opponent’s will, making the opponent feel “I can’t” and “I dare not”, and then achieve the effect of “I don’t want to”. Foreign military practice has shown that cognitive attacks on people’s will, beliefs, thinking, and psychology can be long-term cultural implantation, information suppression in the form of “information ocean + covering one’s mouth to silence”, or preemptive speech. Active shaping of political power can also use historical grievances to provoke the outbreak of conflicts. At present, information technology, artificial intelligence technology, and media technology have strengthened their direct effects on the cognitive domain. Using intelligent generation software, a large amount of cognitive “munitions” can be produced to accurately act on the cognitive layer of combat targets, directly imposing “will” “to rivals” and quickly change the strategic situation. Looking forward to the informationized and intelligent battlefield, situational awareness forces and platforms are widely distributed in combat domains such as land, sea, air, and space networks. Cognitive behaviors such as planning, decision-making, and control dominate operations in various combat domains, especially the cognition of human-machine hybrids in future intelligent warfare. Advantages will dominate the battlefield. Cognitive interference, cognitive confusion, cognitive blocking and other means can be used to create a “fog” of war cognition, inducing opponents to misjudge the situation and make wrong decisions and actions.

Cognitive domain operations are full-time offense and defense, full personnel coverage, full use, full domain shaping, and full government action

Cognitive domain operations are all-round, multi-level, hyper-temporal, and cross-domain. They blur the boundaries between wartime and peacetime, front and rear, cross battlefields and national boundaries, go beyond the pure military field, and widely penetrate into politics. , economy, diplomacy and other social fields, showing the characteristics of “five completes”. Full-time offense and defense, there is no distinction between peacetime and wartime, and there is no difference between the front and the rear. It is expressed as being online all the time and in war all the time. Covering all personnel, anyone, including intelligent robots, may become the target of cognitive domain operations. It is used throughout the whole process of joint operations before and during the war. Before the joint military operation is launched, the cognitive shaping operation has begun and will accompany the military operation and will not stop with the military operation. Global shaping, cognitive shaping runs through all levels of strategy, operations, and tactics, and its scope covers all domains of land, sea, air, and space networks. Cross-domain empowerment has an impact on all-domain operations. As a whole-of-government action, cognitive shaping is naturally strategic and requires consistent and coordinated actions across departments, fields, military and localities, and levels to achieve the best communication effect.

The key is to seize control over the right to define the nature of an action or activity, the right to dominate the process, and the right to judge the outcome.

The cognitive game struggle involves multiple opposing parties and seems complicated. The key is to compete for the “three powers” in the cognitive domain. First, fight for the right to define the nature of the event. That is, how to view this incident, whether it is just or unjust, legal or illegal. Usually, pre-emptive definitions, group alliances and forced definitions, information suppression and unilateral definitions, setting issues and applying definitions are usually adopted to guide and shape the public to form qualitative perceptions. Second, compete for dominance over the event process. That is, how to do something, how not to do it, who did it right and who did it wrong, usually by setting up a trap and other methods, trying to dominate the development direction of the target event according to the state that one’s own side expects. Fast and slow, pause, continue and end. Third, compete for the right to judge the outcome of the incident. That is, how to evaluate this matter, who is the gainer and who is the loser, who is the immediate loser, who is the long-term loser, etc. All parties strive to control the outcome of the incident by amplifying their own advantages and amplifying the disadvantages of the enemy. The purpose is to use the extended effect of the incident to continue to harm the enemy and benefit themselves.

Morality and legal principles are the focus of contention between all parties

Military operations have always paid attention to the principle of “discipline and reputation”. Although the shape of war is evolving at an accelerated pace, the essential nature of war as subordinate to politics will not change; the nature of war and the support of people’s hearts are still the key factors that affect the outcome of a war. On the battlefield in the cognitive domain, by occupying the commanding heights of politics, morality, and law, we can win the hearts and minds of the people and moral support, create a public opinion atmosphere in which moral support is abundant, and then seize the opportunity to defeat the enemy. In every war or conflict, whether it is the strong or the weak, whether the attacker, the defender, or a third party, all parties will try their best to seize cognitive dominance and the initiative of public opinion. They will do everything possible to package themselves with morality, focus on declaring a just position, and try to find ways to defend themselves. Qualify the war, justify the action, eliminate resistance, increase support, and create a favorable situation in which “righteousness” defeats “unrighteousness”. The strength balance between the two sides in the war is different, and the cognitive confrontation methods aimed at occupying the moral and legal high ground will also be different. Recent wars have shown that when a party has strong soft and hard power, that is, it has strong military strength, many allies and partners, and a large share of international voice, it often declares war in a high-profile manner; when military actions may trigger chain reactions, it is often handled in a vague manner. The word “war”.

Information is the basic “ammunition” for cognitive attack and defense

In the network information age, the way humans communicate continues to undergo complex and profound changes. On-site interactive interactions have gradually given way to online connections. Some large-scale social platforms have become the main battleground for cognitive games and the main channels for influencing public cognition. Using information as ammunition to fight for the right to block international networks and control discourse has become a common practice today. One of the main actions of confrontation. On these platforms, various short videos have become the “first scene” for the public to understand the war situation, and information travels faster than cannonballs. The use and blocking, dominance and regulation of platforms have become the focus of battles in the cognitive domain. All parties strive to spread and amplify their own propaganda, denounce and suppress the other party’s propaganda by manipulating social platforms, forming a “I say more, you say less” “What I said is right and what you said is wrong” is a situation where “I can only say it and you are not allowed to say it”. As users of large-scale social platforms, the public is influenced by and affects others in the process of “listening”, “speaking” and even “doing”, and unknowingly becomes the agents and attack props of those behind the scenes.

Military operations play a key supporting role in shaping cognition

The history of human war shows that military warfare is always the basic support of political contests, while psychological warfare is the effectiveness multiplier of military warfare. What cannot be retrieved on the battlefield cannot be expected to be retrieved at the negotiation table, let alone in the field of public opinion. In modern warfare, cognitive communication operations always go hand in hand with joint military operations. Mental warfare and military warfare influence and support each other. The trend of military warfare becoming mental warfare and mental warfare becoming military warfare is more obvious. From the perspective of war practice, it is absolutely impossible without military strength, but military actions alone are not omnipotent. Multiple victories on the battlefield are not a sufficient condition for victory in war. In the Vietnam War, although the United States “won every battle, it lost the entire war.” At the beginning of the 21st century, the United States fought successive wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, winning battlefield victories but not political victory. By the same token, military victory does not mean winning public opinion, and winning the battlefield does not mean winning strategic victory. In modern warfare, two types of people play an increasingly important role: those who win by writing thousands of lines of code, and those who win by writing thousands of messages. The side with superior quantity and quality of these two types of personnel will often have a higher probability of winning.

Cognitive countermeasures technology is increasingly used directly in warfare

In past wars, the influence and effect on the cognitive domain were mainly transmitted to the cognitive domain level by level through a large number of damaging actions in the physical domain. With the development and breakthroughs of information communications, artificial intelligence, biocrossing, brain science and other technologies, new cognitive warfare tools and technologies are directly targeting military personnel. Cognitive countermeasures use not only traditional information warfare weapons, but also an arsenal of neural weapons that target the brain. By then, machines will be able to read human brains, and human brains will also be able to directly control machines. Intelligent command and control systems can directly provide battlefield situation and decision-making assistance. Realistic cognitive ammunition and precise audience placement will greatly enhance the social impact. Cognitive countermeasures technology is increasingly being used directly in warfare. The indirect cognition implicit in informatization is gradually transforming into a direct influence and control of people’s cognition. It can be said that with the support of advanced technology, cognitive domain operations can achieve political goals more directly and efficiently by building a modern network architecture and developing a data visualization platform to quickly understand the information environment and effectively influence target groups.

(Author’s unit: Institute of War Studies, Academy of Military Sciences)

原來的 中国军网 国防部网: http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2022-08/888沒有湯給你.htm

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Informatization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用

中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用：智慧戰爭中的有效方法論

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Chinese Military’s Tactical Use of Dissipative Warfare: Effective Methodology within Intelligent Warfare

隨著智慧化技術快速發展及在軍事上的廣泛應用，智慧化戰爭正成為資訊化戰爭後的新戰爭形態，而耗散戰則成為智慧化戰爭的典型方式。 所謂耗散戰，是指智慧化戰爭體系透過對內富聚融合，對外突變湧現，達成集物質消耗、能量釋散和資訊擴散於一體的綜合戰力的作戰方式。 加強耗散戰研究，有利於我們深入揭示智慧化戰爭制勝機理，贏得未來戰爭賽局主動權。

耗散戰是時代發展的必然結果

耗散戰表現在智慧化時代中物理域、資訊域和認知域的綜合對抗，體現為政治較量、經濟比拼、軍事攻防、文化衝突和外交制衡等形式的高度統一，反映了智慧化戰爭體系 所具有的開放性、複雜性和湧現性。

適應智慧化時代的安全情勢要求。 進入智慧化時代，寬網路、大數據、大模型、雲端運算、深度學習等技術快速發展，各政治集團、國家、民族之間的聯繫更加廣泛。 在政治多元、經濟交融、社會開放、科技革命等多重因素作用下，非傳統安全興起並與傳統威脅交織，智慧化戰爭主體與範疇不斷拓展，戰爭時間與空間不斷外延，戰爭與和平如影相 隨並交織一體，戰爭體系將進一步超越局部地域限制，從相對封閉走向更開放，形成更高層次和更大範圍的對抗。 耗散戰強調智慧化戰爭體系在物理域、資訊域和認知域的綜合發力，把政治較量、經濟比拼、軍事攻防、文化衝突和外交制衡等形式高度統一併納入敵我對抗範疇，適應了 世界安全情勢發展的時代要求。

符合戰爭形態演變的客觀法則。 戰爭體系的耗散現象自戰爭產生以來便始終存在，只不過在智能化戰爭形態出現之前，由於技術的製約，一直處於較為低級的、簡單的狀態，戰爭對抗僅能表現為物質消耗、能量釋 散和訊息擴散中的某一種形式。 農業時代，戰爭形態主要表現為以物質要素為主導的、以人體為中心的冷兵器戰爭。 工業化時代，戰爭形態主要表現為以能量要素為主導的、以平台為中心的熱核兵器和機械化戰爭。 在資訊化時代，戰爭形態主要表現為以資訊要素為主導的、以網信體系為中心的資訊化戰爭。 進入智慧化時代，智慧化科技將敵我對抗中的認知優勢、決策優勢和行動優勢高度統一起來，實質是將物質、能量和資訊三者高度統一，透過以智賦能、以智聚能、 以智釋能，形成了以智慧要素為主導的、以智慧演算法為中心的智慧化戰爭形態，主要表現形式即為反映智慧化戰爭複雜體系對抗的耗散戰。

具有堅實的哲學理論基礎支撐。 社會形態是戰爭形態的母體，探索和認識智能化戰爭，必須基於歷史唯物主義和辯證唯物主義的基本原理，綜合考察戰爭形態的演進和智能化戰爭所處的社會形態，構建新的戰爭概念和 語境體系。 從哲學角度看，物質、能量和資訊是構成世界的三大要素，物質體現本源的存在，能量體現運動的存在，訊息則體現聯繫的存在，三者遞進交替主導著社會形態和戰爭形態的 演進和運行。 依照辯證唯物論的否定之否定原理，在資訊時代之後的智慧時代，主導社會的要素將繼物質、能量、資訊後再次輪到物質，只不過這個物質是高度資訊化後螺旋式上升後形成的 新型物質，其主要特徵就是具有了智慧化技術屬性。 因此，從本質上講，耗散戰是智慧要素將以前低階戰爭形態中物質、能量和資訊的特性優勢高度統一起來，將戰爭中普遍存在的物質消耗、能量釋散和資訊擴散等形式高度 統一起來，反映了智慧化戰爭的典型特徵。

深刻把握耗散戰的內在要義

耗散戰基於現實世界、涵蓋虛擬世界，適應了智慧化技術快速發展、非傳統安全威脅興起、戰爭主體和範疇不斷拓展的趨勢，呈現出許多新特性。

對抗綜合博弈。 隨著智慧化戰爭形態加速向更高深度和廣度發展，政治、經濟、文化、外交等領域相互聯繫和影響更具廣泛性，戰爭重心開始從軍事系統向社會系統偏移，戰爭利益攸關方 的對抗將體現為政治較量、經濟比拼、軍事攻防、文化衝突和外交制衡等多種形式的綜合博弈，追求的戰爭優勢不再只限於軍事對抗領域。 戰爭制勝方必須適應戰爭體系的開放性、複雜性和湧現性要求，從單一物質、能量和資訊的粗放式消耗和運用轉變到以智慧優勢主導戰爭體系的耗散，力爭在多領域的綜合博弈 中贏得主動和優勢。

主體跨域多元。 智慧化戰爭的主體日益泛化，傳統戰爭需要動員的戰爭潛在力量將處於常態化對抗狀態。 政治力量、各類機構和人員與傳統意義上在戰場廝殺的部隊和軍人一起構成戰爭的主體。 多元化戰爭主體將跨越現實域和虛擬域，出現在陸、海、空、天、電、心理等多個空間域，涵蓋物理域、資訊域、認知域等，涵蓋政治、經濟、文化、 外交等多類社會域。 如社會平民可以用智慧型手機收集軍事戰場上的信息並傳遞給戰爭利益攸關方，造成對戰爭關鍵訊息的擴散，進而影響戰爭決策或一場戰役和戰鬥的勝敗。

力量一體富聚。 虛實力量一體。 圍繞著戰爭目的，一切可能運用的現實力量和虛擬力量將在智能化技術支撐下實現一體化，在平行戰場上按職履責、按規行動；有無力量一體。 無人作戰力量將在經歷人工操作、人工授權、人為監督階段後，實現高度的自主性，並可與各類有人力量按需部署、按需組合，在共同的戰爭規則約束下有效協同、並行 共生；多方力量一體。 基於各領域的廣泛聯繫和戰爭體系的共同目的，黨政軍警民等各方力量將軍事行動與政治、經濟、外交、輿論、法理鬥爭密切配合、統一行動，形成綜合戰力。 總之，在國家或政治集團的一體籌劃下，智慧化戰爭的多元參戰力量雖然物理分散，但能夠圍繞共同的戰爭目的，實現邏輯集中、即時富聚，優勢互補、一體聚優。

效能累積湧現。 高階戰爭形態在具有新質技術特徵的同時，仍涵括低階戰爭形態的特徵優勢。 耗散戰強調在多域持續進行綜合對抗，這既包括物質層面的彈藥、物資、器材甚至作戰人員的消耗，也包括能量層面的不斷匯集和釋放，更包括透過資訊層面的數據、知識、演算法 等的擴散與融合，對人的思考認知、價值追求、道德觀念、情感意志、行為模式等產生不可限制的影響。 在核武的常態嚇阻下，智慧化戰爭呈現出血腥味下降，但政治孤立、經濟封鎖、文化衝突、外交扼殺等將更加嚴峻激烈的局面。 當軍事、政治、經濟、文化、外交等各系統角色持續發揮，效能累積達到某一程度，戰爭體係就會增加負熵，進而實現戰力突變和體系效能湧現，從而獲得戰爭優勢。

在選準作戰重心中打好耗散戰

智慧化戰爭體系透過對內富聚融合，對外突變湧現，跨域增效、以智耗散，達成體係作戰效能最大化，這是耗散戰蘊含的製勝機理。 要在智慧化戰爭中贏得勝勢，必須明確耗散戰的作戰重心，針對對手體系短板弱點，找準戰爭準備的發力點。

著眼體系開放性，封閉孤立對手戰爭體系。 截斷對手戰爭體系與外在戰場環境的物質、能量和資訊交流，使之缺乏物質、能量和資訊來源管道，逐漸走向孤立、封閉和虛弱狀態。 如在戰略層面，採取政治孤立的方式，使對手戰爭體系處於孤立狀態，造成體系熵增。 在戰役層面，可利用切斷資料來源、毀滅資料備份、資料作假、竄改資訊等方法，綜合採用軟硬手段，迫其戰爭體係向封閉狀態轉化，進而降低對方體系效能。

著眼體系複雜性，分域破擊對手戰爭體系。 智慧化戰爭體係要素間連結越多、連結程度越緊密，體系結構可靠性就越低。 運用複雜系統中各分層相對獨立的原理，可製訂戰略全局、戰役局部和戰術行動策略，實現對敵戰爭體系的分層分域破擊。 如在戰略層面，採用經濟封鎖的方式，大大削弱對手的戰爭實力和發展潛力。 在戰役層面，利用作戰系統通訊網路的脆弱性，以網電複合攻擊為基本路徑與手段，採用「毀端、擊元、孤群、斷網、破雲」等方式，破擊對方作戰系統結構 ，促使對方戰爭體系「坍塌」。

著眼體系湧現性，拆解疏散對手戰爭體系。 智慧化戰爭體系只有出現突變和湧現效應，才能快速形成發揮體系效能，獲得耗散戰優勢。 如果只是單一組分或要素發揮作用，不可能形成優勢湧現。 可以預見，當前興起的ChatGPT等技術以及未來更高級的智慧化技術，將提供理解和發現戰爭複雜體系運作行為、狀態和規律的全新思維方式，以及探知客觀規律、改造自然和社會的新手段， 戰爭對抗優勢方將透過虛實結合、平行一體的對抗方式，降低對手戰爭體系的耦合度，達成拆解疏散敵戰爭體系的目的。

Modern English:

Introduction

With the rapid development of intelligent technology and its widespread application in military affairs, intelligent warfare is becoming a new form of warfare after information warfare, and dissipative warfare has become a typical method of intelligent warfare. The so-called dissipative warfare refers to a combat method in which the intelligent warfare system achieves comprehensive combat power integrating material consumption, energy release and information diffusion through internal integration and integration and external mutation. Strengthening research on dissipative warfare will help us deeply reveal the winning mechanism of intelligent warfare and win the initiative in future war games.

Dissipative war is the inevitable result of the development of the times

Dissipative warfare is manifested in the comprehensive confrontation of the physical domain, information domain and cognitive domain in the intelligent era. It is reflected in the high degree of unity in the form of political contest, economic competition, military offense and defense, cultural conflict and diplomatic checks and balances, reflecting the intelligent war system. openness, complexity and emergence.

Adapt to the security situation requirements of the intelligent era. Entering the era of intelligence, technologies such as wide networks, big data, big models, cloud computing, and deep learning are developing rapidly, and the connections between political groups, countries, and ethnic groups have become more extensive. Under the influence of multiple factors such as political pluralism, economic integration, social openness, and technological revolution, non-traditional security has emerged and is intertwined with traditional threats. The subjects and categories of intelligent warfare have continued to expand. The time and space of war have continued to expand. War and peace are like shadows. As they become more integrated, the war system will further transcend local geographical restrictions, move from a relatively closed world to a more open one, and form a higher-level and wider-scale confrontation. Dissipative warfare emphasizes the comprehensive development of intelligent warfare systems in the physical, information and cognitive domains. It highly unifies political contests, economic competitions, military offense and defense, cultural conflicts and diplomatic checks and balances into the scope of confrontation between ourselves and the enemy, adapting to the The requirements of the times as the world security situation develops.

It is in line with the objective laws of the evolution of war forms. The dissipation phenomenon of the war system has always existed since the birth of war. However, before the emergence of intelligent warfare, due to technological constraints, it has always been in a relatively low-level and simple state. War confrontation can only be manifested in material consumption and energy release. A form of dispersion and information diffusion. In the agricultural era, the main form of war was cold weapon warfare dominated by material elements and centered on the human body. In the era of industrialization, the main forms of warfare are thermonuclear weapons and mechanized warfare dominated by energy elements and centered on platforms. In the information age, the form of war is mainly information-based war dominated by information elements and centered on the network information system. Entering the era of intelligence, intelligent technology highly unifies the cognitive advantages, decision-making advantages and action advantages in the confrontation between ourselves and the enemy. In essence, it highly unifies matter, energy and information. Through intelligent empowerment, intelligent energy gathering, Interpreting energy through intelligence has formed an intelligent war form dominated by intelligent elements and centered on intelligent algorithms. The main form of expression is dissipative warfare that reflects the confrontation of the complex systems of intelligent warfare.

It is supported by a solid philosophical theoretical foundation. Social form is the matrix of war forms. To explore and understand intelligent warfare, we must be based on the basic principles of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, comprehensively examine the evolution of war forms and the social form in which intelligent warfare occurs, and construct a new war concept and context system. From a philosophical perspective, matter, energy and information are the three major elements that make up the world. Material embodies the existence of the source, energy embodies the existence of movement, and information embodies the existence of connections. The three progressively and alternately dominate the formation of social forms and war forms. Evolve and run. According to the principle of negation of dialectical materialism, in the intelligent age after the information age, the dominant element of society will be material again after matter, energy, and information. However, this material is formed after a spiral of high informatization. The main characteristic of new materials is that they have intelligent technical properties. Therefore, in essence, dissipative warfare is the intelligent element that highly unifies the characteristic advantages of matter, energy and information in previous low-level warfare forms, and highly integrates the common forms of material consumption, energy release and information diffusion in war. Unified, it reflects the typical characteristics of intelligent warfare.

Deeply grasp the inner essence of dissipative warfare

Dissipative warfare is based on the real world and covers the virtual world. It adapts to the rapid development of intelligent technology, the rise of non-traditional security threats, and the continuous expansion of war subjects and categories, and presents many new characteristics.

Against comprehensive games. As the form of intelligent warfare accelerates to develop to a higher depth and breadth, the political, economic, cultural, diplomatic and other fields are more interconnected and have more extensive influence. The focus of war begins to shift from the military system to the social system, and the war stakeholders The confrontation will be reflected in various forms of comprehensive games such as political competition, economic competition, military offense and defense, cultural conflicts, and diplomatic checks and balances. The pursuit of war advantages is no longer limited to the field of military confrontation. The winner of the war must adapt to the openness, complexity and emergence requirements of the war system, transform from the extensive consumption and use of single materials, energy and information to the dissipation of the war system dominated by intelligent advantages, and strive to compete in comprehensive games in multiple fields Gain the initiative and advantage.

Subjects are diverse across domains. The subjects of intelligent warfare are becoming increasingly generalized, and the potential war forces that need to be mobilized for traditional warfare will be in a state of normalized confrontation. Political forces, various institutions and personnel, together with the troops and soldiers fighting on the battlefield in the traditional sense, constitute the main body of the war. Diversified war subjects will span the real domain and the virtual domain, appearing in land, sea, air, space, electricity, psychology and other spatial domains, covering the physical domain, information domain, cognitive domain, etc., covering politics, economy, culture, Diplomacy and other social fields. For example, civilians can use smartphones to collect information on military battlefields and pass it on to war stakeholders, causing the spread of key war information, which in turn affects war decisions or the victory or defeat of a campaign or battle.

Strength is gathered into one body. Virtual and real power are integrated. Focusing on the purpose of war, all possible real and virtual forces that may be used will be integrated with the support of intelligent technology, and they will perform their duties and act according to regulations on parallel battlefields; they will be integrated with and without forces. Unmanned combat forces will achieve a high degree of autonomy after going through the stages of manual operation, manual authorization, and human supervision. They can be deployed and combined with various manned forces on demand, and can effectively coordinate and operate in parallel under the constraints of common war rules. Symbiosis; multiple forces integrated into one. Based on the extensive connections in various fields and the common purpose of the war system, the party, government, military, police and civilians and other forces closely coordinate and act in a unified manner with political, economic, diplomatic, public opinion, and legal struggles to form a comprehensive combat capability. In short, under the unified planning of the country or political group, although the diverse participating forces in intelligent warfare are physically dispersed, they can achieve logical concentration, instant enrichment, complementary advantages, and integration of excellence around the common war purpose.

Effectiveness emerges cumulatively. While high-level warfare forms have new technological features, they still include the characteristic advantages of lower-level warfare forms. Dissipative warfare emphasizes continuous comprehensive confrontation in multiple domains. This includes not only the consumption of ammunition, materials, equipment and even combat personnel at the material level, but also the continuous collection and release of energy at the energy level. It also includes the use of data, knowledge, and algorithms at the information level. The diffusion and integration of information, etc. will have an unlimited impact on people’s thinking and cognition, value pursuit, moral concepts, emotions, will, behavior patterns, etc. Under the constant deterrence of nuclear weapons, intelligent warfare will become less bloody, but political isolation, economic blockade, cultural conflict, diplomatic stranglehold, etc. will become more serious and intense. When the military, political, economic, cultural, diplomatic and other systems continue to play their roles and the cumulative effectiveness reaches a certain level, the war system will increase negative entropy, thereby achieving a sudden change in combat power and the emergence of system effectiveness, thereby gaining a war advantage.

Choose the right focus to fight the dissipation war well

The intelligent warfare system maximizes the combat effectiveness of the system through internal aggregation and integration, external mutation emergence, cross-domain efficiency enhancement, and intelligent dissipation. This is the winning mechanism contained in dissipative warfare. To win in intelligent warfare, it is necessary to clarify the focus of dissipative warfare, target the shortcomings and weaknesses of the opponent’s system, and identify the focus of war preparations.

Focus on the openness of the system and close and isolate the opponent’s war system. Cut off the material, energy and information exchange between the opponent’s war system and the external battlefield environment, causing it to lack material, energy and information source channels, and gradually move towards a state of isolation, closure and weakness. For example, at the strategic level, political isolation is adopted to isolate the opponent’s war system, causing an increase in system entropy. At the operational level, methods such as cutting off data sources, destroying data backups, falsifying data, and tampering with information can be used to force the opponent’s war system to transform into a closed state, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the opponent’s system.

Focus on the complexity of the system and attack the opponent’s war system by domain. The more connections and the closer the connections between the elements of an intelligent warfare system, the lower the reliability of the system structure. Using the principle that each layer in a complex system is relatively independent, we can formulate overall strategic, local campaign and tactical action strategies to achieve layered and domain-based attacks on the enemy’s war system. For example, at the strategic level, the use of economic blockade can greatly weaken the opponent’s war strength and development potential. At the operational level, the vulnerability of the communication network of the combat system is exploited, and network and electricity composite attacks are used as the basic path and means, and methods such as “destroying terminals, attacking elements, lone groups, disconnecting networks, and breaking clouds” are used to destroy the opponent’s combat system structure. , prompting the opponent’s war system to “collapse”.

Focus on the emergent nature of the system and dismantle and disperse the opponent’s combat system. Only when mutation and emergence effects occur in an intelligent warfare system can it quickly form and exert its effectiveness and gain advantages in dissipative warfare. If only a single component or element plays a role, it is impossible to form an advantage. It is foreseeable that the currently emerging technologies such as ChatGPT and more advanced intelligent technologies in the future will provide a new way of thinking for understanding and discovering the operating behaviors, states and laws of complex systems of war, as well as new means of exploring objective laws and transforming nature and society. The dominant side in war confrontation will reduce the coupling degree of the opponent’s war system through a combination of virtual and real, parallel and integrated confrontation methods, and achieve the purpose of dismantling and dispersing the enemy’s war system.

中國國防部原網站：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/888沒有湯給你html