中國軍隊智慧戰爭格局一瞥：深入探討智慧作戰協調機制
現代英語：
Interconnection refers to the movement or change of one of several related entities, in which the others also move or change accordingly. Interconnection is the underlying logic of a combat system and the focus of its construction. Due to various factors, the degree of interconnection in traditional warfare is not deep or high-level, resulting in mismatched rhythms and unsatisfactory effects. Intelligent warfare is different. Relying on ubiquitous information networks and multiple relationship rules, each combat unit and functional node can maximize the release of system structural forces through multi-point synchronization, multi-domain hinge, multi-path coaxiality, and multi-layer resonant interconnection, using optimal interconnection to ensure optimal movement.
Mesh configuration, multi-point synchronous linkage
In intelligent warfare, various combat units and functional nodes dispersed throughout the battlefield aim to create nonlinear spatiotemporal relationships for combat operations. Relying on a massive battlefield information network that combines high throughput and high speed, low latency and agility, and high reliability and losslessness, these networks autonomously construct numerous fractal networks with similar characteristics through modular grouping and plug-and-play functionality. Based on predetermined joint operation rules, and leveraging “multiple algorithms + powerful computing power + superior data,” they can proactively predict battlefield situations and combat trends. This allows each combat unit and functional node to accurately grasp the timing of joint operations, flexibly adjust joint strategies, and autonomously negotiate joint actions. It transforms combat operations at various points, locations, and times into self-organized and self-coordinated actions anchored to key targets. This fundamentally changes the traditional model of concentrating combat power through the physical concentration of firepower and manpower. Instead, it relies on real-time information perception, on-demand data distribution, high-level situational awareness, and intelligent task assignment to achieve physical dispersion of forces and logical concentration of effectiveness.
Through organic, real-time, and coupled connections at multiple points, the rapid, agile, and efficient movement of the entire operational system is effectively guaranteed, thereby achieving the best systemic counter-offensive effect through mobile synergy. For example, for “window-like” missions with tight deadlines, high value, and high risk, forces at relevant points are concentrated in real time according to the principle of optimization, and actions are taken simultaneously through spatial cross-regional and temporal skipping methods. This multi-point synchronous linkage has transcended the traditional form of combat system energy release. It relies on the battlefield network to flexibly integrate and configure combat units and functional nodes in different spaces throughout the entire battlefield, effectively coordinating combat resources to achieve instantaneous breakthroughs and all-directional assaults on key targets in the main directions. It can form a significant asymmetric advantage over the enemy in a short period of time, leaving the enemy unable to defend, control, or resist, and may even produce a system collapse effect, greatly reducing its combat capabilities, thereby achieving the ideal combat effect.
Full-dimensional deployment, multi-domain articulated linkage
In intelligent warfare, the combat space covers the entire domain, including the physical, information, and social domains, exhibiting distinct characteristics of cross-domain connectivity, multi-domain integration, and mixed-domain combat. Therefore, the construction of an intelligent warfare system involves the aggregation of various resources beyond the military sphere, and the concentration of diverse elements distributed across all dimensions of the battlefield. Through aggregation and concentration, combat functions are progressively superimposed and accumulated to generate systemic combat capabilities. Simultaneously, the outcome of confrontations in any domain and their interactions can have uncertain impacts on the progress and outcome of intelligent warfare. Therefore, it is necessary and only possible to rely on the overall strength of the nation, conducting powerful overall coordination and organization from a strategic, joint, and holistic perspective to continuously generate and improve comprehensive strategic capabilities.
Through precise docking, fine coordination, and accurate dispatching of various military and civilian systems, structural barriers that may exist in cross-military-civilian operations can be gradually eliminated, effectively filling the “gaps” and “gaps” that originally existed in the joint combat system. This will accelerate the transformation from loose cooperation among multiple domains to close cooperation, forming a hinged linkage similar to a metal hinge, in order to generate the greatest degree of integration and cohesion. For example, camouflage has evolved from a combat support measure to a crucial operational activity that all branches of the armed forces must participate in. Its content, target, mission scope, technical means, engineering measures, and tactical requirements are significantly different from traditional camouflage. It has become an important aspect of battlefield confrontation, permeating all stages of intelligent warfare. Commanders at all levels and command organs need to strengthen the overall planning and meticulous deployment of camouflage in peacetime, promote deep cooperation and coordinated actions between military and civilian systems, and truly achieve “hiding deep underground” and “moving high in the sky,” thereby “protecting oneself and achieving complete victory.”
Task-driven, multi-axis coaxial linkage
In intelligent warfare, the opposing sides occupy multiple battlefields, including land, sea, air, space, cyber, and electronic warfare. In particular, intelligent combat platforms break through the physical limits and geographical separation of traditional combat platforms, enabling combat forces to reach extremely far, high, and deep areas. They can achieve real-time online presence, immediate response, and instantaneous action, greatly blurring the spatial and temporal boundaries of the battlefield. Traditional battlefield contact lines, troop concentration points, and front and rear divisions are gradually disappearing. The battlefield is rapidly developing in two directions: “infinitely expanding area” and “highly condensed combat space.” Offensive and defensive operations may no longer have fixed and unchanging “foci,” and the release of combat power is extremely rapid, with extremely frequent battle transitions. The “tentacles” of combat forces will be spread throughout the entire battlefield. As long as there is a mission requirement and a realistic possibility, the “tentacles” can be quickly extended to any tangible or intangible area of the battlefield. Therefore, it is also difficult to clearly define the “areas of responsibility” for the actions of each combat force.
Taking firepower strike operations as an example, once there is an “order” mission, it must come from a multi-dimensional, multi-directional, and multi-path manned/unmanned collaborative strike force. It is no longer confined to the traditional long-term combat loop of “discovery-guidance-strike-evaluation”. Instead, it is based on the empowerment support of intelligent kill networks, giving full play to its own advantages of large scale, high dispersion, and strong saturation, and carrying out “coaxial” linkage energy release. In the “movement”, it selects and determines the strike direction, target, order, method, and intensity of each strike platform in real time, as well as the task allocation, combination form, and path planning among multiple platforms, etc., to achieve the optimal strike capability of “whoever discovers, strikes; whoever is discovered, strikes” on the basis of intelligent interconnection. In this way, combat forces originally belonging to multiple combat spaces need to undergo spatial deconstruction, transfer, or transformation, focusing combat energy into a relatively small spatial area, thereby forming new spatial relationships and combat structures, and decoupling themselves after completing the mission. Therefore, the entire combat space is always in a state of dynamic drift. In addition, if this “coaxial” operation is aimed at multiple targets, it can not only enhance the effectiveness of strikes and make up for the unnecessary consumption of traditional strike methods, but also “dilute” the density of its system defenses, increasing the difficulty of the enemy’s “unpredictable” confrontation, thus taking the art of target selection and strike to its extreme: “achieving the desired effect with the least risk, the least time, and the least resource consumption.”
Bidirectional through-flow, multi-layer resonant linkage
In intelligent warfare, the battlefield situation changes rapidly and the combat process enters the “countdown” era. The time process of battlefield perception, situation analysis, planning, effect evaluation, and feedback adjustment is compressed to the extreme. In addition, the number of combat units and functional nodes is growing exponentially, resulting in a very complicated procedural hierarchy and extremely complex interaction relationships in combat command. Leveraging the evolution and penetration of intelligent technology in the military field, and relying on the integrated intelligent command and control network of “data network + computing network + brain network”, commanders at all levels and command organs can be flexibly authorized to conduct analysis, judgment and decision-making remotely and synchronously. In addition, the development of intelligent technology promotes the accelerated extension of autonomous intelligent decision-making to the tactical terminal of individual soldiers and equipment, making it a reality to achieve a high degree of shared cognition from top to bottom and bottom to top. Simultaneously, relying on a high-capacity, multi-functional battlefield communication network with an integrated trunk communication network as its core, various operational units and functional nodes can communicate vertically, horizontally, and omnidirectionally. Communication is possible not only at the adjacent level but also across several levels, gradually making true information exchange from top to bottom and bottom to top a reality. This enables a highly responsive, almost resonant, response to changes in the battlefield situation, demonstrating formidable combat capabilities.
This restructuring of operational command means relying on intelligent command and control systems to deeply integrate command chains, flexibly implement parallel operations, and drive the transformation from traditional vertical serial to two-way parallel, and from original periodic business processing to online real-time intelligent processing. This significantly eliminates non-value-added tasks in the traditional command process, while making the various types of business activities and their combinations in the new operational command process more rational and seamless. Based on this, commanders at all levels and command organs can proactively take a high-level perspective, comprehensively consider problems, and strategize countermeasures. For example, as a crucial component of the joint operations support system, operational engineering support can explore establishing a command and control approach that combines top-down, multi-dimensional, and hierarchical methods. This ensures that, in any mission scenario, command relationships can be rapidly established vertically among subordinate support units, focusing on support needs at key targets, directions, locations, and times, thus providing timely and efficient engineering support to all operational forces. Simultaneously, engineering support command organizations at all levels can autonomously assess and adjust their operations based on the operational situation and support effectiveness, achieving alignment with the supported targets and cooperating units. This move moves beyond purely top-down command-based control, leveraging self-organization, self-adaptation, and self-coordination to achieve precise and efficient engineering support, ensuring the sustained operational capabilities of key supported targets.
現代國語：
聯動，即若干相關聯的事物，一個運動或變化時，其他的也跟著運動或變化。聯動是作戰體系運轉的底層邏輯，也是作戰體系構建的著眼點。受制於各種因素，傳統作戰中聯動“聯”的程度不深、層次不高，導致“動”的節奏難合拍、效果不理想。智能化作戰則不同，各作戰單元和功能節點依靠泛在的信息網絡和多重的關系規則，通過多點同步、多域鉸合、多路共軸、多層諧振式聯動，能夠最大限度地釋放體系結構力，用最佳的“聯”來保證最優的“動”。
網狀配置，多點同步式聯動
智能化作戰中，分散在戰場全域的各作戰單元和功能節點，著眼創建非線性的作戰行動時空關系，依托高通量與高速率、低時延與敏捷性、高可靠與無損性兼備的超大規模戰場信息網絡，通過模塊編組、即插即用，自主組建具備相似性特征的無數個分形網絡，並依據預定的聯動運行規則，借助“多算法+強算力+優算據”，超前預判戰場態勢和作戰走勢，便於各作戰單元和功能節點精准把握聯動時機、靈活調整聯動策略、自主協商聯動行動，使各點位、各區位、各時位的作戰行動轉變為錨定關鍵目標的自組織自協同行為，從根本上改變傳統靠火力、兵力的物理集中實現戰斗力集中的模式，而是依靠信息實時感知、數據按需分發、態勢高度共享、任務智能指派，實現力量上的物理分散、效能上的邏輯集中。
通過多點位的有機聯、實時聯、耦合聯，有效保證作戰全體系的快速動、靈敏動、高效動，從而達成機動聚優的最佳體系對抗效果。比如，對時限緊、價值高、風險大的“窗口性”任務，按照最優化原則，即時集中相關點位力量，采取空間跨區、時間跳序的方式同步動作。這種多點同步式聯動，已經跳脫出傳統意義上的作戰體系釋能形式，是在戰場全域內，依托戰場網絡靈活集成配置於不同空間的作戰單元和功能節點，有效統合作戰資源，實現對主要方向、要害目標的瞬時突防和全向突擊，可在短時間內形成與敵的顯著不對稱優勢，使敵來不及防、沒辦法控、無能力抗，甚至能夠產生體系崩塌效應，大幅降低其作戰能力，從而實現理想的作戰效果。
全維布勢，多域鉸合式聯動
智能化作戰中，作戰空間覆蓋物理域、信息域、社會域等全域，呈現出跨域連接、多域融合、混域交戰的鮮明特點。因而，智能化作戰體系的構建，是超越了軍事范疇的各類資源的大聚合，是廣布在戰場全維的各種要素的大集中，並通過聚合和集中，實現作戰功能的逐級疊加並累積生成體系作戰能力，同時，任何領域的對抗結果及其相互作用都可能對智能化作戰的進程和結果造成不確定影響。因此，必須也只能依靠國家的整體力量，從戰略高度、聯合層面、全局角度進行強有力的統籌組織，從而不斷生成和提高綜合博弈實力。
可通過軍地各系統的精確對接、精細協調和精准調度，逐步消除跨軍地行動可能存在的結構壁壘等，有效填補彌合作戰體系原本存在的“缺口”和“縫隙”，推動實現多域間的松散協作向緊密協同加速轉變，形成類似於金屬合頁的鉸合式聯動，以產生最大的融合度和黏合力。比如，偽裝已經從過去的戰斗保障措施，上升到目前各軍兵種部隊都須共同參與實施的重要作戰行動，其內容對象、任務空間、技術手段、工程措施以及戰術技術要求，都與傳統的偽裝有著重大區別，已經成為戰場對抗的重要內容，貫穿於智能化作戰的各環節全過程，需要各級指揮員及指揮機關在平時就加強偽裝的統籌規劃和精心布局，推動軍地各系統間的深度配合和協同動作，真正實現“藏於九地之下”“動於九天之上”，從而“自保而全勝也”。
任務牽引，多路共軸式聯動
智能化作戰中，對抗雙方身處的陸、海、空、天、網、電等多維戰場，尤其是智能化作戰平台突破了傳統作戰平台的物理極限和地理分隔，使得作戰力量的觸及范圍極遠、極高、極深，並能夠實現全時在線、即時響應、瞬時行動，致使戰場的時空邊界被大大模糊，傳統的戰場接觸線、兵力集結點及前後方劃分逐步消失，戰場朝著“幅域范圍無限擴大”和“交戰空間高度濃縮”兩個方向急速發展，攻防作戰將可能不再存在固定不變的所謂“焦點”，戰力聚釋極其快速，戰斗轉換極為頻繁。作戰力量的“觸角”將布滿戰場全域，只要有任務需求、具現實可能，就能夠將“觸角”快速遍及戰場任何有形或無形的區位，因此也很難界限分明地劃定各作戰力量行動的“責任區”。
以火力打擊行動為例，一旦有“訂單”任務，必定是來自於多維、多向、多徑的有人/無人協同打擊力量，其不再拘泥於傳統的“發現—引導—打擊—評估”的長時作戰環路，而是基於智能化殺傷網的賦能支撐，充分發揮自身規模大、高分散、強飽和的優勢，進行“共軸式”聯動釋能，並在“動”中實時優選確定各打擊平台的打擊方向、目標、次序、方式、強度，以及多平台之間的任務分配、組合形式、路徑規劃等，實現智能互聯基礎上“誰發現即誰打、發現誰即打誰”的最優打擊能力。這樣，原本分屬於多個作戰空間的作戰力量，就需要進行空間的解構、轉移或變換，將作戰能量聚焦到相對較小的空間區域，並由此形成新的空間關系和作戰結構，完成任務後即自行解耦。因此，整個作戰空間也始終處於動態漂移狀態。此外，如果這種“共軸式”行動是針對多個目標的，則既可以增強打擊實效，彌補傳統打擊方式“得不償失”的無謂消耗，也可以“稀釋”其體系防御密度，增大敵“防不勝防”的對抗難度，從而將“以最小的風險、最少的時間和最少的資源消耗，實現所期望的效果”的目標選擇與打擊藝術演繹到極致。
雙向貫通，多層諧振式聯動
智能化作戰中，戰場態勢瞬息萬變、戰斗進程進入“讀秒”時代，戰場感知、情況分析、計劃制訂、效果評估、反饋調整的時間歷程被極限壓縮，再加上作戰單元和功能節點的數量呈指數級增長，導致作戰指揮的程序層級非常繁瑣、交互關系極為復雜。借力於智能科技在軍事領域的演進滲透，依靠“數網+算網+腦網”一體的智能化指揮控制網絡，可靈活授權各級指揮員及指揮機關異地同步進行分析、判斷和決策，再加上智能技術的發展，推動自主智能決策加速向單兵單裝的戰術末端延伸，使得自上而下和自下而上實現高度的共享認知逐步成為現實。同時，依托以綜合干線通信網為主體的大容量、多功能戰場通信網絡，各作戰單元和功能節點之間既能夠縱向聯絡，也能夠橫向聯系，還能夠全向聯通；不僅鄰近級別可聯系，跨越若干級別還可聯系，使得自上而下和自下而上實現真正的信息互通逐步成為現實。如此，就能夠對戰場態勢各種幅度的變化產生類似於諧振般的極大響應，表現出強大作戰能力。
這種作戰指揮方式的重構，意味著依托智能化指揮控制系統，深度打通指揮鏈路、靈活實施並行作業，撬動傳統的縱向串行向雙向並行轉變、原有的周期性業務處理向在線實時智能處理轉變，使得傳統指揮流程中的非增值業務被大幅剔除，新型的作戰指揮流程中的各類型業務活動及其組合銜接則更為合理順暢。基於此，各級指揮員及指揮機關便能夠主動站上全局高位，通盤考慮問題、整體思謀對策。比如，作戰工程保障作為聯合作戰保障體系的重要組成部分，可探索建立由上到下、多維到端、逐級和越級相結合的工程保障指揮方式，確保在任何任務情境下，都能夠從縱向上對所屬保障單元快速構成指揮關系，鉚住重要目標、方向、地段和時節的保障需求發力，確保為各作戰力量提供及時高效的工程保障。同時，各級工程保障指揮機構還能夠根據作戰態勢和保障效果，自主判斷、臨機調控，實現與保障對象、協同單元的步調一致，不再單純依靠自上而下的指令式控制，而是通過自組織、自適應、自協同的效果來換取工程保障的精准高效，確保重點保障對象的持續作戰能力。
李民 來源：中國軍網-解放軍報 作者：李民 責任編輯：孫智英 發布：2025-06-17
中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/