學軍事、學戰爭、學戰鬥|淺析作風賦能戰鬥力的內在機制
現代英語：
President Xi Jinping pointed out, “For our military to become strong, its conduct must be impeccable.” Conduct is the intrinsic support and important source of combat effectiveness; excellent conduct can forge heroic troops, while lax conduct can destroy a victorious army. From an internal mechanism perspective, conduct is deeply rooted in all aspects of troop building and runs through the entire process of preparing for and fighting wars, profoundly influencing the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. We must deeply grasp this ironclad rule that “excellent conduct is essential for forging heroic troops,” clarify the mechanism by which superior conduct is transformed into a winning advantage, and forge an invincible combat capability.
As an armed group carrying out political tasks, the military forms a powerful combat capability by following the mechanism of “excellent conduct—obedience to command—cohesive force.”
Political nature is an essential attribute of the military. Military conduct is the concrete manifestation of political requirements in the military’s behavioral patterns. The powerful combat capability it generates stems from the integrative role of politics: through the shaping of unified values, it solidifies individual will into a highly consistent collective will; through strict discipline, it ensures the military possesses the organizational and disciplined nature to obey orders; and through establishing common goals, it provides a tenacious fighting will and psychological foundation for charging into battle. The political nature’s requirements on military conduct forge the military into a politically unified whole, ensuring that the military possesses combat capabilities commensurate with the performance of its fundamental functions.
The generation of military combat effectiveness relies on the integration of individual strength under political guidance, and the principle of “excellent conduct—obedience to command—cohesive force” is precisely the logical manifestation of this principle. Excellent conduct is the “soft power” and spiritual foundation of military combat effectiveness. Firm political beliefs, unified value pursuits, and tenacious fighting spirit shape the collective character of soldiers, laying the ideological and political foundation for building a unified will. Furthermore, obedience to command becomes a conscious behavior, and the command system transforms spiritual power into orderly action through strict adherence to orders, transforming the troops from a “scattered” to a “formation,” and from “disorganized” to “organized.” When political beliefs are internalized and political and military orders are externalized, all members can form a coordinated and synergistic force under a common goal. This deep integration of will, wisdom, and action forms a complete chain from individual political cultivation to the collective combat power of the army, reflecting the general law of the army moving from “governance” to “strength”, and ultimately achieving an increase in overall combat effectiveness.
In informationized and intelligent warfare, the influence and constraints of political factors on war are becoming increasingly prominent, while autonomous operations and intelligent command and decision-making will be applied at an accelerated pace. The more emphasis is placed on autonomous decision-making at the tactical level, the more necessary it is to solidify the “guiding star” of political leadership and strictly prevent technological logic from diluting political logic. Strict political and organizational discipline must be enforced to internalize obedience to command as a sacred belief, imbuing intelligent command systems with a political soul, and maximizing concerted efforts to gain the initiative on the future battlefield.
The military’s primary responsibility is preparing for and fighting wars, and it forges its core combat capabilities by following the mechanism of “excellent conduct—diligent training—combat readiness.”
The military is born of war and exists for war; preparing for and fighting war is the ultimate manifestation of its fundamental function and value. The brutality, uncertainty, and coordination of combat demand that the military cultivate a disciplined and unwavering style of discipline through rigorous, realistic training, ensuring precise implementation of orders and a high degree of uniformity in action. It must maintain a spirit of courage and fearlessness, breaking through battlefield limits with the will to face life and death, and resisting the erosion of combat effectiveness by fear and retreat. It must adhere to a pragmatic approach, strictly yet flexibly implementing tactical norms, avoiding the damage to combat effectiveness caused by dogmatism and formalism. When the style of conduct is deeply aligned with the needs of combat in real-world training, it can open up the transformation channel from preparation for war to victory, and forge an elite force that is deterred from war and capable of fighting and winning.
Through systematic training, the military organically integrates the subjective initiative of soldiers with the objective performance of weapons and equipment, achieving the accumulation and release of energy. The “excellent conduct—diligent training—combat readiness” chain represents a hierarchical development of this process. Excellent conduct is the cornerstone, providing the intrinsic motivation and spiritual support for high-intensity, high-difficulty training through soldiers’ disciplined self-discipline, obedience to orders, and unwavering willpower. On this foundation, diligent training is effectively implemented, cultivating tactical awareness, coordination capabilities, and battlefield adaptability, transforming abstract advantages in conduct into concrete combat capabilities. At the same time, high-intensity training refines work style in reverse, forming a virtuous cycle of “work style promoting training, and training strengthening work style,” which further fosters the overall combat capability of the military. This progressive chain from work style to training to victory constitutes an important practical path for generating military combat effectiveness.
Looking towards the future training grounds, the profound evolution of technological and military revolutions is driving military training towards a comprehensive transformation towards multi-dimensional integrated training encompassing land, sea, air, space, cyberspace, and electronic warfare. Training is increasingly reliant on big data, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence technologies. Correspondingly, the development of work style must keep pace with these changes in training, shifting from traditionally focusing on discipline and attendance to emphasizing learning, research, combat readiness, and innovation. We must resolutely guard against formalism and empiricism, eliminating superficial practices such as “performing for show,” “training for show,” and “testing for show,” and strengthening problem-oriented approaches and practical effectiveness. The improvement of work style should focus on the primary responsibility of preparing for war and combat, ensure the implementation of systematic and technological training with a rigorous training style, promote the integration of combat and training with a pragmatic spirit, and ensure that the troops are strong and capable of winning in the generation of new combat capabilities.
The military is known for its tight organization and high degree of centralization and unity, and its strong combat effectiveness is fostered by the mechanism of “excellent conduct – internal purification – cohesion of morale”.
The military’s organizational advantages resonate with its superior work style, providing solid support for the generation and enhancement of combat effectiveness. The military’s rigorous hierarchical structure, centralized and unified command system, and rigid discipline create a seamless execution chain that ensures that the standards for work style development are precisely reflected in every unit and every soldier, avoiding the inefficiencies caused by fragmentation and decentralization. Based on this characteristic, work style development can quickly eliminate ideological impurities and behavioral malpractices, promoting a purified and improved internal environment. This work style advantage, transformed from organizational superiority, can rapidly build consensus and synergy, laying a solid foundation for boosting combat effectiveness.
The construction of a positive work style, through a chain of “excellent work style—internal purification—military morale cohesion,” eliminates deep-seated problems that erode the organization, enhances organizational effectiveness and combat potential, and broadens the channels for improving combat capabilities. Strict discipline and regulations provide value guidance and behavioral benchmarks for internal purification within the military. Leveraging the highly organized nature of the military, excellent work style can be transmitted from top to bottom within a tight organizational system, incorporating individual behavior into the framework of collective will. This organizational tightness leaves no room for bad practices and lax habits to hide, thereby achieving a deep cleansing and reshaping of the organizational structure. As internal purification deepens, the military will rid itself of the hidden dangers of internal friction and eliminate factors that could cause disunity. Officers and soldiers will form emotional resonance and trust bonds through shared values and behavioral norms, thereby achieving deep cohesion of morale. Under the constraints of shared values and strict discipline, the troops will become an unbreakable fighting collective, completing the transformation from shaping conduct to uniting strength.
The future military organizational structure will exhibit new trends of modular reorganization, networked collaboration, and intelligent empowerment, breaking down traditional hierarchical barriers and forming a flat, efficient, and cross-domain collaborative operating model. This not only improves combat response speed but also poses new challenges to work style development, requiring adaptive reforms to strengthen internal purification. Work style development should closely align with structural transformation. On the one hand, it is necessary to build a full-cycle intelligent supervision system, relying on data-driven methods to accurately identify work style risks across modules and fields, achieving early intervention and prevention. On the other hand, it is necessary to deepen the governance model that emphasizes both rigid discipline and flexible guidance, continuously purifying the internal ecosystem and enabling modular units to coalesce into a seamless fighting collective.
The military is rooted in the overall system of economic and social development, and forges inexhaustible combat power by following the mechanism of “excellent conduct—winning the hearts of the people—overall victory”.
The nation is the solid foundation of the military, and the overall economic and social development system contains enormous strategic resources and war potential, which constitute the material basis of the military’s hard power. However, this potential combat capability does not automatically transform into actual winning advantages; its effective activation and exploitation are inseparable from the military’s own spirit and conduct. A disciplined and exemplary military can win the heartfelt support of the people with its image as a just and civilized force. When the military’s excellent conduct translates into the trust and support of the people, the potential resources can be rapidly transformed into actual combat power through an efficient mobilization system, forming a powerful force of unity between the military and the people to jointly resist foreign aggression.
The ultimate logic of victory or defeat in modern warfare has shifted from single-service confrontations to systemic competition based on the overall strength of a nation. Excellent conduct, as an intangible asset and spiritual symbol of the military, is the key to unlocking popular support, forming a progressive mechanism of “excellent conduct—winning popular support—overall victory.” Excellent conduct is a prerequisite for winning popular support. A disciplined, incorruptible, and self-sacrificing military can effectively cultivate a just and reliable collective personality, thereby establishing a high degree of trust in the hearts of the people. Popular support is the key to overall victory. Public trust translates into human and material support for the war effort and psychological deterrence against the enemy, consolidating scattered social resources into a powerful force to support the war. Overall victory is the concentrated manifestation of integrated national defense. When the soft power of popular support is deeply integrated with the hard power of a nation’s economy and technology, the optimal allocation and efficient transformation of national strategic resources can be achieved, forming an overwhelming advantage across all dimensions and securing victory in systemic confrontation.
We must be keenly aware that the advancement of the times is propelling the military towards greater specialization. This resulting territorial divisions can weaken previously close ties due to differences in professional contexts and operational scenarios. We must break down professional barriers with a people-oriented approach, transforming professional capabilities into concrete actions serving the public, and leveraging our expertise in emergency rescue, public welfare, and other scenarios. Simultaneously, we must focus on establishing regular communication and joint construction mechanisms between the military and civilians, allowing military-civilian ties to continuously deepen through two-way interaction. Furthermore, a civilized army should demonstrate its qualities through strict discipline and a clean and honest work style, meeting the public’s expectations of the military, thereby winning the people’s heartfelt recognition and support, and obtaining the inexhaustible source of strength for building a strong army and winning battles.
現代國語：
淺析作風賦能戰斗力的內在機理
■張聰 劉軍民 劉光明
引言
習主席指出，“我軍要強起來，作風必須過硬”。作風是戰斗力生成的內在支撐與重要源泉，作風優良才能塑造英雄部隊，作風松散可以搞垮常勝之師。從內在機理看，作風深植於部隊建設各環節、貫穿於備戰打仗全過程，深刻影響著戰斗力的生成與提升。要深刻把握“作風優良才能塑造英雄部隊”這一鐵律，釐清作風優勢轉化為制勝優勢的機理，鍛造出無堅不摧的戰斗力。
軍隊作為執行政治任務的武裝集團，遵循“作風優良—聽從指揮—同向聚力”的機理形成強大戰斗力
政治性是軍隊本質屬性。作風是政治要求在軍隊行為模式中的具象化呈現，所催生的強大戰斗力，源於政治內在的整合作用：它通過統一的價值塑造，將個體意志凝聚為高度一致的集體意志；通過嚴明的紀律約束，確保軍隊具有令行禁止的組織性與紀律性；通過確立共同的目標指向，使沖鋒陷陣具備堅韌的戰斗意志和心理基礎。政治性對軍隊作風的要求，將軍隊鍛造為政治上的一塊整鋼，確保軍隊具備與履行根本職能相適應的戰斗力。
軍隊戰斗力的生成依賴於政治引領下個體力量的整合，而“作風優良—聽從指揮—同向聚力”正是這一原理的邏輯呈現。作風優良是軍隊戰斗力的“軟實力”與精神底色，堅定的政治信仰、同一的價值追求、頑強的戰斗精神，塑造了軍人的集體品格，為凝聚統一意志奠定了思想政治基礎。進而，聽從指揮成為自覺行為，指揮系統則通過令行禁止將精神力量轉化為有序行動，使部隊由“眾”成“陣”、由“散”趨“整”。當政治信念內化於心、政令軍令外化於行，全體成員便能在共同目標下形成步調協同的同向聚力。這種意志、智慧與行動的深度融合，構成從個體的政治修養到部隊的集體戰力的完整鏈條，體現出軍隊由“治”而“強”的普遍規律，最終實現整體作戰效能的增長。
在信息化智能化戰爭中，政治因素對戰爭的影響和制約愈發突出，而自主作戰與智能指揮決策也將同步加速應用。越是強調戰術層面的自主決斷，越需築牢政治引領的“定盤星”，嚴防技術邏輯沖淡政治邏輯。要通過嚴明的政治紀律與組織紀律，將聽從指揮內化為神聖信念，使智能化指揮系統擁有政治靈魂，以最大限度的同向聚力贏得未來戰場主動。
軍隊以備戰打仗為主責主業，遵循“作風優良—刻苦訓練—能征善戰”的機理錘煉硬核戰斗力
軍隊因戰而生、為戰而存，備戰打仗是其根本職能與存在價值的終極體現。作戰的殘酷性、不確定性與協同性，要求軍隊必須在實戰化的刻苦訓練中形成令行禁止的作風，確保指令精准落地、行動高度統一。必須永葆英勇無畏的戰斗精神，以直面生死的意志突破戰場極限，抵御恐懼與退縮對作戰效能的消解。必須堅守求真務實的作風，嚴格而又靈動地執行戰術規范，避免教條主義、形式主義對戰斗力的破壞。當作風在真打實訓中與作戰需求深度契合，便能打通從備戰到制勝的轉化通道，鍛造出懾戰止戰、敢戰能勝的精兵勁旅。
部隊通過系統性訓練將軍人的主觀能動性與武器裝備的客觀性能有機融合，實現能量的積蓄與釋放，而“作風優良—刻苦訓練—能征善戰”正是這一鏈路的層級式展開。優良作風是基石，能以軍人服從命令、令行禁止的紀律自覺與不畏艱險、堅韌不拔的意志品質，為高強度、高難度的訓練提供內在驅動與精神支撐。在此基礎上，刻苦訓練得以有效展開，使戰術意識、協同能力與戰場應變能力得到培育，將抽象的作風優勢轉化為具體的作戰能力。同時，在高強度訓練中反向淬煉作風，形成“作風促訓練、訓練強作風”的良性循環，進一步催生出軍隊整體的能征善戰特質。這一由作風到訓練再到制勝的遞進鏈條，構成了軍隊戰斗力生成的重要實踐路徑。
前瞻未來訓練場，科技革命和軍事革命的深度演進，驅動軍事訓練向陸、海、空、天、網、電等全維融合訓練深刻轉型，訓練愈發依托大數據、虛擬現實與人工智能技術。相應地，作風建設必須緊跟訓練之變，由傳統抓紀律、抓出勤，向抓學風、抓研戰、抓創新拓展。要力戒形式主義與經驗主義，杜絕“演為看”“練為看”“考為看”等虛假之風，強化問題導向與實戰實效。作風建設應聚焦備戰打仗主責主業，以嚴實訓風保障體系練兵、科技練兵落地，以求真務實精神推動戰訓耦合，確保部隊在新質戰斗力生成中過得硬、打得贏。
軍隊以組織嚴密和高度集中統一著稱，遵循“作風優良—內部淨化—軍心凝聚”的機理催生強韌戰斗力
軍隊的組織優勢能與作風優勢形成共振，為戰斗力的生成和提升提供堅實支撐。部隊嚴密的層級架構、集中統一的指揮體系和剛性的紀律約束，形成上下貫通、令行禁止的執行鏈路，使得作風建設的標准要求能夠精准體現到每一個單元、每一名官兵，避免分散化、碎片化帶來的低效問題。依托這一特點，作風建設可快速清除思想雜質和行為陋弊，推動內部生態淨化提質。這種由組織優勢轉化而來的作風優勢，能迅速凝聚起思想共識與行動合力，為提振戰斗力築牢堅實基礎。
作風建設通過“作風優良—內部淨化—軍心凝聚”的鏈環，清除侵蝕肌體的沉痾積弊，提升強大的組織效能與戰斗潛能，拓寬戰斗力提升的通道。嚴明的紀律與規范，能夠為部隊內部淨化提供價值導向與行為標尺。依托軍隊高度組織化的特點，優良作風得以在嚴密的組織體系中自上而下傳導，將個體行為納入集體意志的軌道。這種組織嚴密性使不良風氣與散漫習氣無處遁形，從而實現對組織肌體的深度清理與重塑。當內部淨化持續深化，軍隊將擺脫內耗隱患、消除離心因素，官兵在共同的價值追求與行為規范中形成情感共鳴與信任聯結，進而實現軍心的深度凝聚。在共同的價值追求與嚴明的紀律約束下，部隊成為牢不可破的戰斗集體，完成從作風塑造到力量聚合的升華。
未來軍隊組織結構將呈現模塊化重組、網絡化聯動、智能化賦能的新趨勢，打破傳統層級壁壘，形成扁平高效、跨域協同的運行模式，這既提升了作戰響應速度，也對作風建設提出新的挑戰，更需以適應性變革強化內部淨化。作風建設應緊扣結構轉型，一方面要構建全周期智能監督體系，依托數據化手段精准排查跨模塊、跨領域的作風隱患，實現抓早抓小、防微杜漸；另一方面要深化剛性紀律與柔性引領並重的治理模式，持續淨化內部生態，讓模塊化單元凝聚成無縫鏈接的戰斗集體。
軍隊植根於經濟社會發展大體系，遵循“作風優良—贏得民心—整體制勝”的機理鑄就不竭戰斗力
國家是軍隊的堅實依托，經濟社會發展大體系蘊藏著巨大的戰略資源和戰爭潛力，這是構成軍隊硬實力的物質基礎。然而，這種潛在的戰斗力並不會自動轉化為現實的制勝優勢，其有效激發與挖掘，離不開軍隊自身的精神面貌與作風形象。一支紀律嚴明、作風優良的軍隊，能夠以其正義之師、文明之師的形象獲得人民的衷心擁戴。當軍隊的優良作風化為民眾的信任與支持，潛在的資源便能通過高效的動員體系迅速轉化為現實的戰斗力，形成軍民一體、共御外侮的磅礴力量。
現代戰爭勝負的終極邏輯，已從單一軍種對抗轉向以國家整體實力為依托的體系較量。優良作風作為軍隊的無形資產與精神標識，是開啟民力之門的密鑰，構成“作風優良—贏得民心—整體制勝”的遞進機理。作風優良是贏得民心的前提，一支紀律嚴明、秋毫無犯且具備犧牲精神的軍隊，能有效塑造正義與可靠的集體人格，從而在民眾心中建立高度的信任。民心匯聚是整體制勝的樞紐，民眾的信任轉化為對戰爭的人力、物資支援及對敵方的心理威懾，將分散的社會資源凝聚為支撐戰爭的強大力量。整體制勝是一體化國防的集中體現，當民心所向的軟實力與國家經濟、科技等硬實力深度融合，便能實現國家戰略資源的最優配置與高效轉化，形成全維度壓倒性優勢，在體系對抗中鎖定勝局。
要清醒看到，時代發展推動軍隊建設向專業化深度邁進，由此帶來的領域區隔易讓原本緊密的聯系可能因專業語境的差異、行動場景的分野而被弱化。必須以親民作風打破專業壁壘，將專業能力轉化為服務群眾的實際行動，在應急救援、民生保障等場景發揮專業優勢。同時，注重建立軍民常態化溝通、共建機制，讓軍民聯系在雙向互動中持續深化。還應以嚴明的紀律、清廉的風氣彰顯文明之師的素養，契合民眾對軍隊的期待，由此贏得人民發自內心的認可與支持，獲得強軍勝戰生生不息的力量之源。
中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/
來源：中國軍網-解放軍報 作者：張聰 劉軍民 劉光明 責任編輯：趙梓晴 發布：2026-04-23