習近平強軍思想的理論基礎與哲學思想
現代英語:
Liu GuangmingDecember 06, 2023 08:21 | Source:
2023 Issue 12 of “Party Building” Magazine
Among the innovative theories of the Party in the new era, the most brilliant chapter guiding the cause of strengthening the military is Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military. The principles, theories and philosophy of this important thought are an organic and unified whole. Among them, principles are the cornerstone, supporting the basic theoretical framework of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military; theories are the concentrated embodiment of principles in academic theories, supporting the discipline system of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military; philosophy is the sublimation of principles at the philosophical level, supporting the contemporary Chinese Marxist military outlook and methodology contained in Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military.
The main content and basic principles of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military
In early March 2023, an article signed by “Jun Zheng” entitled “Advancing Victoriously under the Guidance of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military” was published in Qiushi and the Liberation Army Daily, which for the first time publicly disclosed the new summary of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military as “eleven clarifications” and defined it as the main content of this important thought, namely: (1) Clarifying that the absolute leadership of the Party over the military is the foundation of the people’s army and the soul of strengthening the army; We must comprehensively strengthen the Party’s leadership and Party building in the military, implement a series of fundamental principles and systems for the Party’s leadership of the military, and ensure that the troops are absolutely loyal, absolutely pure, and absolutely reliable; (2) We must make it clear that a strong country must have a strong military, and that strengthening national defense and a strong people’s army are strategic supports for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the new era. The people’s army must be effective. Fulfill the mission and tasks of the new era; (3) Make it clear that the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era is to build a people’s army that obeys the Party’s command, can win battles, and has a good style of work, to achieve the goal of the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the army by 2027, to basically realize the modernization of national defense and the army by 2035, and to build the people’s army into a world-class army by the middle of this century; (4) Make it clear that the army is prepared to fight , we must focus on being able to fight and win battles, focus on strong enemies, innovate military strategic guidance, develop people’s war strategy and tactics, comprehensively strengthen military training and preparation, firmly and flexibly carry out military struggle, effectively shape the situation, manage crises, contain war, and win wars; (5) Clearly promote the cause of strengthening the military and adhere to the political construction of the army, reform and strengthening the army, science and technology strengthening the army, talent strengthening the army, and rule of law in the army , adhere to the principle of fighting, preparing for war, and building at the same time, pay more attention to focusing on actual combat, innovation-driven, system-building, intensive and efficient, and military-civilian integration, strengthen military governance, promote high-quality development, and comprehensively improve the level of revolutionization, modernization, and regularization; (6) Make it clear that reform is the only way to strengthen the military, and it is necessary to promote the modernization of the military organization and build a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. Improve the socialist military system with Chinese characteristics; (7) Make it clear that science and technology are the core combat power, we must adhere to the strategic basis of independent innovation, promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, coordinate and promote innovation in military theory, technology, organization, management, culture and other aspects, and build an innovative people’s army; (8) Make it clear that the way to strengthen the army is to get people, we must implement the military education policy of the new era and promote the military (9) Make it clear that ruling the military by law is the basic way for our Party to build and govern the military. We must build a military legal system with Chinese characteristics, promote fundamental changes in the way the military is governed, and improve the level of legalization in national defense and military construction. (10) Make it clear that the development of military-civilian integration is the core of the development of the military. It is a move to rejuvenate the country and a strategy to strengthen the military. We must consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities. (11) We must make it clear that good work style is the distinctive feature and political advantage of our military. We must strictly govern the Party and the military in an all-round way, train a strong grassroots in an all-round way, unswervingly rectify work styles, discipline and fight corruption, vigorously promote the glorious traditions and good work style of our Party and our military, and forever maintain the nature, purpose and character of the people’s army.
Deeply understand that “the fundamental focus is to support the great cause of rejuvenation with a strong military.” Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military is fundamentally focused on supporting the great cause of rejuvenation with a strong military. This important proposition is a scientific conclusion drawn by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, which has placed national defense and military construction under the great goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Only by deeply studying and understanding this “fundamental focus” and comprehensively and accurately grasping the far-sighted considerations of the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Xi to support the great cause of rejuvenation with a strong military can we understand Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military from the political and strategic levels. The “second clarification” is an important statement that directly reflects the fundamental focus of “supporting the great cause of rejuvenation with a strong military.” Whether this “support” is effective or not depends on whether we have real world-class military strength. Now, although there are more means and options for maintaining national security, we can use them flexibly and maneuver them in all directions, but we must never forget that military struggle is a strong backing for national political and diplomatic struggles, and military means are always the last resort. We must take the initiative in national rejuvenation into our own hands. While striving for strategic mutual trust, we must work hard to build a world-class military that can compete with powerful enemies. We must then insist on conducting strategic operations based on strong military strength, so that the comprehensive spillover effects of a strong military can be truly brought into play, ensuring that we can achieve national rejuvenation regardless of whether the enemy forces are willing or not and whether the international environment is relaxed or not.
Deeply realize that “the core requirement is to realize the party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era”. Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, the core requirement is to realize the party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era. This is a major conclusion based on “building a strong national defense and a strong people’s army that is commensurate with our country’s international status and consistent with national security and development interests”. The “third clarification” comprehensively explains the goal of strengthening the military. The goal of strengthening the military is the general strategy of our party in building and governing the military in the new era, and provides fundamental guidance for promoting national defense and military construction from a new starting point. Obeying the Party’s command is the soul, determining the political direction of the army’s construction, and is embodied in the “first clarification”; being able to win battles is the core, reflecting the army’s fundamental functions and the fundamental direction of the army’s construction, and is embodied in the “fourth clarification”; having a good work style is the guarantee, related to the nature, purpose, and character of the army, and is embodied in the “eleventh clarification”. These three points embody the guiding ideology and principles of our party’s consistent construction and management of the army, embody the idea of comprehensive construction that unifies revolutionization, modernization, and regularization, and clarifies the focus and emphasis of strengthening the army’s construction. Grasping these three points in building and managing the army is to grasp the key points and play a leading role. The goal of strengthening the military is implemented in the process of national defense and military modernization, and is reflected in the new “three-step” strategic arrangement of successively connecting short-term, medium-term and long-term goals by 2027, 2035 and the middle of this century.
Deeply understand that “practical requirements are to follow the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics”. To successfully advance the cause of strengthening the military in the new era, it is not enough to have the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era. There must also be a correct path to match it, which is the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, practical requirements are to follow the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics. This is a scientific conclusion reached by the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Xi through arduous exploration. From a vertical perspective, the path to a strong military with Chinese characteristics is not only a glorious path full of historical experience and wisdom, but also a path of exploration that is constantly being explored in the process of advancing the practice of a strong military, and a bright path that faces the future and realizes the dream of a strong military; from a horizontal perspective, it is a military development path in the overall layout of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it is parallel, mutually reinforcing, and organically unified with the development paths of our country in the fields of economy, politics, culture, society, and ecological civilization. The “fifth clarification” directly reflects the path to a strong military with Chinese characteristics, and at the same time, the other “clarifications” are also closely related to the path to a strong military with Chinese characteristics. In particular, building the army politically was developed as the “first clarification” and the “eleventh clarification”, strengthening the army through reform was developed as the “sixth clarification”, strengthening the army through science and technology was developed as the “seventh clarification”, strengthening the army through talents was developed as the “eighth clarification”, governing the army according to law was developed as the “ninth clarification”, focusing on actual combat was developed as the “fourth clarification”, and military-civilian integration was developed as the “tenth clarification”.
Learn the profound theoretical content of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military from the dialectical unity of a series of major strategic ideas in the field of national defense and military construction in the new era
Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military did not come out of thin air, but was built on a solid theoretical foundation, embodying the unity of politics and theory. Its correctness lies not only in the correctness of its political direction, but also in the scientific and thorough nature of its theory.
Comprehend the theory in the process of sublimating the practical experience of strengthening the army into ideological theory. The times are the mother of thought, practice is the source of theory, and theory is also constantly clarified and close to the truth under the catalysis of practice. In December 2012, when President Xi visited the Guangzhou Theater, he emphasized that “realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation since modern times. It can be said that this dream is a dream of a strong country, and for the military, it is also a dream of a strong army.” With this as the ideological starting point and logical starting point, President Xi proposed a series of original and major strategic ideas in leading the practice of strengthening the People’s Army, opening up the historical process of the formation and development of Xi Jinping’s thoughts on strengthening the army. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Xi have firmly grasped the strategic needs of national security and development in the new era and the objective basis for the development of a strong military. With a strong sense of worry and crisis, they have examined the historical, contemporary and practical issues of China’s military, adhered to a problem-oriented approach, and focused on building a strong people’s army in the new era. How to build a strong people’s army has profoundly answered the basic questions of the new era, such as “who should command the people’s army and how to forge a strong military spirit”, “why to strengthen the army and how to strengthen the army”, “what kind of war to fight and how to win the war”, etc., so that Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the army has been enriched and improved with the continuous development of China’s military practice in the new era, and the theoretical support of this important thought has been made more solid. Generally speaking, this important thought originated from the profound pursuit of realizing the rejuvenation of a strong country, was formed by providing scientific guidance and fundamental principles for the cause of strengthening the army in the new era, developed from the vigorous practice of solving a series of prominent contradictions and problems, and improved from the systematic and physical construction of its theoretical innovation.
Comprehend the theory through the mutual support and integration of ideological theories in various fields. The “eleven clarifications” of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, from the first “clear” emphasis on the absolute leadership of the Party over the military to the last “clear” emphasis on strict governance of the Party and the military, fully demonstrate our Party’s major strategy of strengthening the military and demonstrating the great ambition and strategy of comprehensively strengthening the Party’s leadership and Party building in the military to lead the modernization of national defense and the military in the new era. Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military covers the party’s absolute leadership over the military, military strategy, war and combat guidance, military modernization, national defense construction and other disciplines. It is a scientific military theory system with rich content, profound thoughts and keeping pace with the times. Regarding the modernization of the military, it is proposed to comprehensively promote the modernization of military theory, military organizational structure, military personnel, and weapons and equipment, accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligence, comprehensively strengthen military governance, and promote the high-quality development of our military; regarding national defense construction, it is proposed to implement the overall national security concept, consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities, strengthen the integrated integration of strategic layout in various fields, the integrated integration of strategic resources, and the integrated use of strategic forces, and build a strong and stable modern border, sea, and air defense; and so on. These new ideas, new viewpoints and new conclusions on related fields have deepened the understanding of the laws of national defense and military construction, the laws of military struggle preparation and the laws of war guidance with a new perspective, and have become the “four pillars” supporting Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military.
Comprehend the theory from the comprehensive penetration and guidance of the distinctive theme of strengthening the army. To construct a scientific theoretical system, we must focus on the theme to plan the layout. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army takes strengthening the army as its theme, which is a natural manifestation of the inherent theoretical logic of this thought in the process of formation and development. The chapters of the main part of the “Outline for Studying Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army (2023 Edition)” are closely related to the theme of strengthening the army, and the subtitle of each chapter begins with “On Strengthening the Army”. Grasping the theme of strengthening the army is mastering the “golden key” to learning and understanding Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army. The main contents of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military, which are “eleven clarifications”, profoundly answer major questions such as the fundamental guarantee, requirements of the times, goals, fundamental orientation, strategic layout, the only way, a powerful engine, fundamental plan, legal guarantee, important support, and unique advantages of strengthening and rejuvenating the military. Each “clarification” is closely linked to strengthening and rejuvenating the military, covering all areas and aspects of military construction, reform and military struggle preparation in the new era, running through the entire process of military force construction and use, and enriching and developing the party’s military guidance theory with systematic innovation and creative sublimation. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military, with the theme of “strengthening and rejuvenating the military”, runs through and guides the construction of the discipline system of the party’s military thought in the new era.
Comprehend the profound philosophy of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military from the military outlook and methodology of the “Five Persistences”
Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military insists on using Marxism to examine contemporary Chinese military issues, profoundly expounds on a series of major relationships, and creatively puts forward the contemporary Chinese Marxist military outlook and methodology of “five insistences”: insist on political leadership, insist on stopping war with force, insist on being proactive and enterprising, insist on overall planning and balancing all aspects, and insist on daring to fight and win. It is a vivid manifestation of the world outlook and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in the military field, and has opened up a new realm of Marxist military dialectics and contemporary Chinese military philosophy.
Understand the relationship between the military and politics from “upholding political guidance”. “Upholding political guidance” emphasizes that the military should obey politics, and that political nature is the essential attribute of the military, which profoundly explains the political nature of military power. In the relationship between the military and politics, the first thing to grasp is that politics determines the military, and political strategy determines strategy. We must unswervingly uphold the party’s absolute leadership over the military, serve the people wholeheartedly, always think about and handle military issues from a political perspective, faithfully perform the mission and tasks entrusted by the party and the people, always listen to the party, follow the party, and always be the people’s soldiers. At the same time, the importance of the military cannot be ignored. Politics determines and leads the military, and the military serves and supports politics. These two aspects complement each other and are organically unified.
Understand the relationship between war and peace from “insisting on stopping war with force”. President Xi pointed out: “Only by being able to fight can we stop war, and only by being prepared to fight can we avoid fighting. The less able we are to fight, the more likely we are to be beaten. This is the dialectic between war and peace.” This important statement scientifically reveals the contradictory characteristics of the mutual connection and mutual transformation between war and peace, and points out that the premise and key to achieving peace is “being able to fight”, and the ultimate way to win peace is “stopping war with war and stopping war with force”. Therefore, we must build military struggle preparations on the basis of coping with the most complex and difficult situations, not fight unprepared battles, grasp strategic initiative, effectively formulate strategies and tactics, and ensure that we can effectively stop war and resolutely win the war.
From “persisting in positive progress”, we can understand the relationship between stability and shaping. First, stability and shaping are mutually conditional: stability is the premise and foundation of shaping. Without stability, shaping is impossible; without positive and enterprising shaping, stability is impossible. Second, stability and shaping promote each other: stability can prevent shaping from “going astray”; shaping can enhance the “new quality” of stability. Therefore, we must insist on putting ourselves first, proceed from reality, give full play to our conscious initiative, be good at taking the initiative, fight proactively, find opportunities in crises and turn crises into opportunities, strive to be proactive and avoid being passive, and strive for all possible victories on a stable and reliable basis.
Understand the relationship between system and efficiency from “adhering to overall planning and balancing considerations”. Dialectical materialism believes that everything is interconnected and interdependent, and the entire world is an interconnected whole and an interactive system. Within the system, the various components coordinate and interact with each other to achieve optimized efficiency. Military practice is full of various complex contradictory movements. Grasping the relevance and mastering the complexity are the basic requirements for promoting military development. The cause of strengthening the military in the new era must be planned and operated as a systematic project. We must implement the overall national security concept, coordinate economic construction and national defense construction, coordinate military struggle and other aspects of the struggle, coordinate major tasks of war preparation, use key breakthroughs to drive overall progress, and improve overall effectiveness through coordination and linkage.
Understand the relationship between people and weapons from “insisting on daring to fight and winning”. In today’s era, with the rapid development of high-tech and the widespread use of new weapons and equipment, the human factor and the weapon factor are becoming more and more closely integrated. Faced with the new changes in the relationship between people and weapons in modern warfare, President Xi Jinping clearly pointed out that “people are the decisive factor in winning wars”, and emphasized that “with the continuous development of military technology, the importance of equipment factors is increasing”. If there is a generation gap in weapons and equipment, it will be difficult to fight. We must attach importance to the factor of weapons. It is not enough to talk about the human factor without weapons and equipment, the basic components of war. Attaching importance to the equipment factor is to attach importance to the human factor. We must carry forward the fighting spirit of not fearing hardship and not fearing death, dare to overcome all difficulties, and dare to overwhelm all enemies.
(Author’s unit: National Defense University’s Research Center for Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era)
(Editors: Wang Zifeng, Wang Keyuan)
現代國語:
在新時代黨的創新理論中,用來指導強軍事業的精彩篇章是習近平強軍思想。這一重要思想的道理學理哲理是有機統一的整體。其中,道理是基石,支撐起習近平強軍思想的基本理論架構﹔學理是道理在學術理論上的集中體現,支撐起習近平強軍思想的學科體系﹔哲理是道理在哲學層面的升華,支撐起習近平強軍思想蘊含的當代中國馬克思主義軍事觀與方法論。
習近平強軍思想的主要內容與基本道理
2023年3月初,「鈞政」署名文章《在習近平強軍思想引領下勝利前進》在《求是》和《解放軍報》發表,首次公開了習近平強軍思想「十一個明確」的新概括,並將其界定為這一重要思想的主要內容,即:(1)明確黨對軍隊絕對領導是人民軍隊建軍之本、強軍之魂,必須全面加強軍隊黨的領導和黨的建設,貫徹黨領導軍隊的一系列根本原則和製度,確保部隊絕對忠誠、絕對純潔、絕對可靠﹔(2)明確強國必須強軍,鞏固國防和強大人民軍隊是新時代堅持發展中國特色社會主義、實現中華民族偉大復興的戰略支撐,人民軍隊必須有效履行新時代使命任務﹔(3)明確黨在新時代的強軍目標是建設一支聽黨指揮、能打勝仗、作風優良的人民軍隊,到2027年實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標,到2035年基本實現國防和軍隊現代化,到本世紀中葉把人民軍隊建成世界一流軍隊﹔(4)明確軍隊是要準備打仗的,必須聚焦能打仗、打勝仗,扭住強敵對手,創新軍事戰略指導,發展人民戰爭戰略戰術,全面加強練兵備戰,堅定靈活開展軍事鬥爭,有效塑造態勢、管控危機、遏制戰爭、打贏戰爭﹔ (5)明確推進強軍事業必須堅持政治建軍、改革強軍、科技強軍、人才強軍、依法治軍,堅持邊鬥爭、邊備戰、邊建設,更加重視聚焦實戰、創新驅動、體系建設、集約高效、軍民融合,加強軍事治理,推動高質量發展,全面提高革命化現代化正規化水平﹔(6)明確改革是強軍的必經之路,必須推進軍隊組織形態現代化,建立中國特色現代軍事力量體系,完善中國特色社會主義軍事制度﹔(7)明確科技是核心戰鬥力,必須堅持自主創新戰略基點,推進高水準科技自立自強,統籌推進軍事理論、技術、組織、管理、文化等各方面創新,建設創新型人民軍隊﹔(8)明確強軍之道要在得人,必須貫徹新時代軍事教育方針,推動軍事人員能力素質、結構佈局、開發管理全面轉型升級,鍛造德才兼備的高素質、專業化新型軍事人才﹔(9)明確依法治軍是我們黨建軍治軍基本方式,必須構建中國特色軍事法治體系,推動治軍方式根本轉變,提高國防及軍隊建設法治化水準﹔(10)明確軍民融合發展是興國之舉、強軍之策,必須鞏固提高一體化國家戰略體系與能力﹔(11)明確作風優良是我軍鮮明特色和政治優勢,必須全面從嚴治黨、全面從嚴治軍,全面鍛造過硬基層,堅定不移正風肅紀反腐,大力弘揚我黨我軍光榮傳統和優良作風,永葆人民軍隊性質、宗旨、本色。
深刻體悟「根本著眼是以強軍支撐強國復興偉業」。習近平強軍思想,根本著眼是以強軍支撐強國復興偉業。這一重大論斷,是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央,把國防和軍隊建設放在實現中華民族偉大復興的大目標下,思考謀劃而得出的科學結論。深入學習領悟這個“根本著眼”,全面準確把握黨中央、中央軍委和習主席以強軍支撐強國復興偉業的深遠考量,才能從政略和戰略層面讀懂習近平強軍思想。 「第二個明確」是直接體現「以強軍支撐強國復興偉業」根本著眼的重要論述。這個「支撐」是否管用頂用,關鍵在於看有沒有實打實的世界級的軍事實力。現在,雖然維護國家安全的手段和選擇增多了,我們可以靈活運用、縱橫捭閔,但千萬不能忘記,軍事鬥爭是國家政治和外交鬥爭的堅強後盾,軍事手段始終是保底的手段。我們必須把強國復興的主動權掌握在自己手中,在爭取戰略互信的同時,努力建設能與強敵相抗衡的世界一流軍隊,進而堅持以強大軍事實力為托底進行戰略運籌,使強軍的綜合性溢出效應真正發揮出來,確保無論敵對勢力是否樂意、國際環境是否寬鬆,我們都能實現強國復興。
深刻體悟「核心要求是實現黨在新時代的強軍目標」。習近平強軍思想,核心要求是實現黨在新時代的強軍目標。這是從「建設同我國國際地位相稱、同國家安全和發展利益相適應的鞏固國防和強大人民軍隊」出發作出的重大論斷。 「第三個明確」全面闡釋了強軍目標。強軍目標是新時代我們黨建軍治軍的總方略,為在新的起點上推進國防和軍隊建設提供了根本指引。聽黨指揮是靈魂,決定軍隊建設的政治方向,集中體現為“第一個明確”﹔能打勝仗是核心,反映軍隊的根本職能和軍隊建設的根本指向,集中體現為“第四個明確” ﹔作風優良是保証,關系軍隊的性質、宗旨、本色,集中體現為「第十一個明確」。這三條體現了我們黨一以貫之的建軍治軍指導思想和方針原則,體現了革命化現代化正規化建設相統一的全面建設思想,明確了加強軍隊建設的聚焦點和著力點。建軍治軍抓住這三條,就抓住了要害,就能起到綱舉目張的作用。強軍目標落實到國防和軍隊現代化進程中,體現為到2027年、2035年、本世紀中葉,近、中、遠目標梯次銜接的新「三步走」戰略安排。
深刻體悟「實踐要求是走中國特色強軍之路」。要勝利推進新時代強軍事業,僅有黨在新時代的強軍目標是不夠的,還必須有與之相匹配的正確道路,這就是中國特色強軍之路。習近平強軍思想,實踐要求是走中國特色強軍之路。這是黨中央、中央軍委和習主席領導全軍經過艱辛探索的科學結論。中國特色強軍之路,從縱向看,既是飽含歷史經驗和智慧的光榮之路,又是在推進強軍實踐中不斷開拓的求索之路,也是面向未來、實現強軍夢的光明之路﹔從橫向來看,是中國特色社會主義事業總體佈局中的軍事發展道路,與我國在經濟、政治、文化、社會、生態文明等領域的發展道路並行展開、交相輝映、有機統一。直接體現中國特色強軍之路的,是“第五個明確”,同時,其他各個“明確”也都與中國特色強軍之路緊密相關。特別是其中的政治建軍展開為“第一個明確”和“第十一個明確”,改革強軍展開為“第六個明確”,科技強軍展開為“第七個明確”,人才強軍展開為“第八個明確”,依法治軍展開為“第九個明確”,聚焦實戰展開為“第四個明確”,軍民融合展開為“第十個明確”。
從新時代國防與軍隊建設領域一系列重大戰略思想的辯証統一中領悟習近平強軍思想的厚實學理
習近平強軍思想,不是憑空冒出來的,而是建立在堅實的學理基礎之上,體現了政治性與學理性的統一,其正確性,既在於政治方向的正確性,也在於學理的科學性、徹底性。
在強軍實踐經驗向思想理論升華的進程中領悟學理。時代是思想之母,實踐是理論之源,學理也是在實踐的催化下不斷明晰並貼近真理。 2012年12月,習主席在廣州戰區考察時強調,“實現中華民族偉大復興,是中華民族近代以來最偉大的夢想。可以說,這個夢想是強國夢,對軍隊來說,也是強軍夢” 。以此為思想發端和邏輯起點,習主席在領航人民軍隊的強軍實踐中提出一系列原創性重大戰略思想,開啟了習近平強軍思想形成和發展的歷史進程。黨的十八大以來,黨中央、中央軍委和習主席牢牢把握新時代國家安全與發展的戰略需求和強軍事業發展的客觀基點,以強烈的憂患意識和危機意識審視中國軍事的歷史之問、時代之問、實踐之問,堅持問題導向,圍繞新時代建立一支什麼樣的強大人民軍隊、怎樣建設強大人民軍隊,深刻回答了新時代「人民軍隊聽誰指揮、怎樣鑄牢軍魂」「為什麼強軍、怎樣強軍」「打什麼仗、怎樣打勝仗」等基本問題,使習近平強軍思想隨著新時代中國軍事實踐的不斷發展而豐富完善,也使這一重要思想的學理支撐更加堅實。整體來看,這一重要思想發軔於對實現強國復興的深沉追求,形成於為新時代強軍事業提供科學指引和根本遵循,發展於破解一系列突出矛盾問題的壯闊實踐,完善於其理論創新的體系化學理化構建。
在各領域思想理論的相互支撐與契合融通中領悟學理。習近平強軍思想的“十一個明確”,從第一個“明確”強調黨對軍隊絕對領導,到最後一個“明確”強調全面從嚴治黨、全面從嚴治軍,全面展現了我們黨強軍興軍的重大方略,彰顯了以全面加強軍隊黨的領導和黨的建設統領新時代國防和軍隊現代化建設的大氣魄大戰略。習近平強軍思想涵括了黨對軍隊絕對領導、軍事戰略、戰爭和作戰指導、軍隊現代化、國防建設等學科內容,是內涵豐富、思想深邃、與時俱進的科學軍事理論體系。關於軍隊現代化,提出全面推進軍事理論、軍隊組織形態、軍事人員、武器裝備現代化,加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展,全面加強軍事治理,推動我軍高質量發展﹔關於國防建設,提出貫徹總體國家安全觀,鞏固提高一體化國家戰略體系與能力,加強各領域戰略佈局一體融合、戰略資源一體整合、戰略力量一體運用,建設強大穩固的現代邊海空防﹔等等。這些對相關領域提出的一系列新思想新觀點新論斷,以全新視野深化了對國防和軍隊建設規律、軍事鬥爭準備規律、戰爭指導規律的認識,成為支撐習近平強軍思想的「四樑八柱」。
從強軍興軍這個鮮明主題的全面貫通引領中領悟學理。建構一個科學的理論體系,必須著眼主題來謀篇佈局。習近平強軍思想以強軍興軍為主題,是這一思想在形成與發展過程中內在理論邏輯的自然體現。 《習近平強軍思想學習綱要(2023年版)》主體部分的各章節緊扣強軍興軍這個主題,其中每一章的副標題都是以「關於強軍興軍的」打頭。掌握住強軍興軍這個主題,就掌握了學習理解習近平強軍思想的「金鑰匙」。習近平強軍思想「十一個明確」的主要內容,深刻回答了強軍興軍的根本保証、時代要求、奮鬥目標、根本指向、戰略佈局、必由之路、強大引擎、根本大計、法治保障、重要依托、特有優勢等重大問題,每一個「明確」都緊扣強軍興軍來展開,涵蓋新時代軍隊建設、改革和軍事鬥爭準備各領域各方面,貫通軍事力量建設和運用全過程,以體系性創新、創造性升華豐富發展了黨的軍事指導理論。習近平強軍思想以「強軍興軍」這個主題貫通引領新時代黨的軍事思想的學科體系建設。
從「五個堅持」的軍事觀和方法論中領悟習近平強軍思想的精深哲理
習近平強軍思想,堅持用馬克思主義審視當代中國軍事問題,深刻闡述一系列重大關系,創造性提出「五個堅持」的當代中國馬克思主義軍事觀和方法論:堅持政治引領、堅持以武止戈、堅持積極進取、堅持統籌兼顧、堅持敢打必勝,是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的世界觀和方法論在軍事領域的生動體現,開拓了馬克思主義軍事辯証法和當代中國軍事哲學新境界。
從「堅持政治引領」中領悟軍事與政治的相互關系。 “堅持政治引領”,強調軍事服從政治,政治性是軍隊的本質屬性,深刻闡明了軍事力量的政治本質。在軍事與政治的相互關系中,首先要把握的是政治決定軍事、政略決定戰略,必須毫不動搖堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導,全心全意為人民服務,始終從政治高度思考和處理軍事問題,忠實履行黨和人民賦予的使命任務,永遠聽黨話、跟黨走,永遠做人民子弟兵。同時,也不能忽視軍事的重要性。政治決定軍事、引領軍事,軍事服務政治、支撐政治,這兩個面向相輔相成、有機統一。
從「堅持以武止戈」領悟戰爭與和平的相互關系。習主席指出:「能戰方能止戰,準備打才可能不必打,越不能打越可能挨打,這就是戰爭與和平的辯証法。」這一重要論述,科學揭示了戰爭與和平相互聯繫、相互轉化的矛盾特徵,指明了實現和平的前提和關鍵是“能戰”,贏得和平的最後途徑是“以戰止戰、以武止戈”。因此,要把軍事鬥爭準備建立在應對最復雜最困難的基礎上,不打無準備之仗,掌握戰略主動、有效制定戰略戰術,確保有力懾止戰爭、堅決打贏戰爭。
從「堅持積極進取」領悟穩局與塑勢的相互關系。一是穩局和塑勢互為條件:穩局是塑勢的前提和基礎,立足未穩就不可能塑勢﹔離開了積極進取的塑勢,想穩也穩不住。二是穩局和塑勢互相促進:穩局可以防止塑勢「劍走偏鋒」﹔塑勢可以提升穩局的「新質」。因此,要堅持以我為主,從實際出發,充分發揮自覺能動性,善於下先手棋、打主動仗,善於危中尋機、化危為機,力爭主動、力避被動,在穩當可靠基礎上爭取一切可能的勝利。
從「堅持統籌兼顧」領悟系統與效能的相互關系。唯物辯証法認為,萬事萬物是相互聯繫、相互依存的,整個世界是相互聯繫的整體,也是相互作用的系統。在系統內部,各組成部分之間相互協調、相互作用,實現效能優化。軍事實踐充滿各種複雜矛盾運動,把握關聯性、駕馭複雜性是推動軍事發展的基本要求,必須把新時代強軍事業作為系統工程來謀劃和運籌。要貫徹總體國家安全觀,統籌經濟建設和國防建設,統籌軍事鬥爭和其他方面鬥爭,統籌戰建備重大任務,以重點突破帶動整體推進,以協調聯動提高綜合效能。
從「堅持敢打必勝」領悟人與武器的相互關系。在當今時代,隨著高新技術的快速發展以及新式武器裝備的廣泛使用,人的因素和武器因素結合得越來越緊密。面對現代戰爭中人與武器關系的新變化,習主席明確指出,“在戰爭制勝問題上,人是決定因素”,同時強調“隨著軍事技術不斷發展,裝備因素的重要性在上升”。如果武器裝備上有代差,仗就很難打了。要重視武器的因素,脫離了武器裝備這個戰爭的基本構件來講人的因素是不行的。重視裝備因素也就是重視人的因素。要發揚一不怕苦、二不怕死的戰鬥精神,敢於戰勝一切困難,敢於壓倒一切敵人。
(作者單位:國防大學習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想研究中心)
(責編:王珂園)
中國原創軍事資源:http://ztjy.people.cn/BIG5/n1/2023/1206/c457340-40132768.html