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Chinese People’s Liberation Army : “Selected Collection of Important Documents on Military Work of the Communist Party of China”

中國人民解放軍:《中國共產黨軍事工作重要文獻選集》

現代英語:

Beijing, July 30. The “Selected Collection of Important Documents on the Military Work of the Communist Party of China” edited by the Party History and Documentation Research Institute of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Academy of Military Sciences of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army has been published by the Central Literature Publishing House and the People’s Liberation Army Publishing House. The main chapters of the book are introduced below.

  ”On Correcting Wrong Thoughts within the Party” is the first part of the resolution written by Comrade Mao Zedong for the Ninth Congress of the Fourth Army of the Red Army of the Communist Party of China in December 1929. It was pointed out that various non-proletarian ideas existed within the Communist Party of the Fourth Red Army, which was a great hindrance to the implementation of the party’s correct line. Based on the spirit of the September letter from the Central Committee, the congress pointed out the manifestations, sources and methods of correction of various non-proletarian ideas within the Fourth Army Party, and called on comrades to rise up and eliminate them thoroughly. It was emphasized that the Red Army is by no means simply fighting wars. In addition to fighting to eliminate the enemy’s military power, it also undertakes major tasks such as propagandizing the masses, organizing the masses, arming the masses, helping the masses establish revolutionary political power and even establish communist organizations.

  ”A single spark can start a prairie fire” is a letter written by Comrade Mao Zedong on January 5, 1930. The letter criticized some comrades in the party for their pessimistic assessment of the current situation, pointing out that “there is no profound concept of establishing a red political power in the guerrilla areas” and that “nationwide, including all localities, win over the masses first and then The theory of establishing political power is not suitable for the actual situation of the Chinese revolution. “The main source of their theory is that they did not clearly understand that China is a semi-colony that many imperialist countries compete with each other. The letter provides an in-depth analysis of the balance of power between the enemy and ourselves, and profoundly reveals the inevitable development trend of the Chinese revolution from a “spark” of a small red regime to a “prairie fire” across the country.

  ”Strategic Issues in China’s Revolutionary War” was written by Comrade Mao Zedong in December 1936 and gave a lecture at the Red Army University. The article discusses the basic viewpoints and methods of studying war issues, further discusses the characteristics of China’s revolutionary war and the main conditions for victory, stipulates the guiding line for the Red Army’s war under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and stipulates the characteristics of China’s revolutionary war. Strategy and tactics. The main ones are: it is necessary to grasp the law of long-term repetition of “encirclement and suppression” and counter-“encirclement and suppression”; it is necessary to adopt the strategic policy of active defense; it is necessary to retreat and lure the enemy deeper for the attack under certain conditions; it is necessary to implement the concentration of troops to defeat the enemy. We should adopt mobile warfare as the main form of combat of the Red Army; we should adopt strategic protracted warfare, battles and quick decisive battles in battles, and regard the war of annihilation as a fundamental guiding ideology of the Red Army’s operations.

  ”Strategic Issues in the Anti-Japanese Guerrilla War” was written by Comrade Mao Zedong in May 1938 in response to the erroneous tendency of many people inside and outside the Party at that time to underestimate the important strategic role of guerrilla war and to place their hopes only in regular warfare, especially in the operations of the Kuomintang army. A long article written. It is pointed out that the strategic problem of guerrilla war occurs under such circumstances: China is neither a small country nor, unlike the Soviet Union, a large but weak country. This big but weak country is attacked by another small but strong country, but this big but weak country is in the era of progress, and the whole problem occurs from here. Because China is large and weak, but has the Communist Party and its army and the broad masses of the people; Japan is small and strong, but has insufficient military strength, which will leave many empty places in its occupied areas. This makes the Eighth Route Army led by the Communist Party and the anti-Japanese The people’s armed forces have gained broad scope in developing guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines. The anti-Japanese guerrilla war is not just a tactical and operational issue, but has a strategic status.

  ”On Protracted War” was a speech delivered by Comrade Mao Zedong at the Yan’an Anti-Japanese War Research Society from May 26 to June 3, 1938. Based on the experience of the past year of the Anti-Japanese War, the article refuted the “theory of national subjugation” and the “theory of quick victory” and pointed out that the Sino-Japanese War was a desperate struggle between semi-colonial and semi-feudal China and imperialist Japan in the 1930s. war. In this war, China and Japan had four basic contradictory characteristics. These characteristics stipulate that the protracted war and the final victory belong to China, and China must adopt the policy of lasting victory over the enemy in the war of resistance. The article scientifically foresees the three stages that the Anti-Japanese War will pass through. The article completely puts forward the strategic and tactical guiding principles of the Anti-Japanese War, pointing out that the soldiers and the people are the foundation of victory; the deepest root of the power of war exists among the people.

  ”War and Strategic Issues” is part of the conclusion made by Comrade Mao Zedong at the enlarged Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on November 6, 1938. It was pointed out that the strategic status of the anti-Japanese guerrilla war must be clarified. In the entire War of Resistance Against Japan, regular warfare is the main force and guerrilla warfare is the auxiliary force, but guerrilla warfare occupies an important strategic position. Because there is no guerrilla war with the largest and most persistent force behind enemy lines, the enemy has no worries, and the attack will be more aggressive. The continued resistance may be shaken; or the counterattack force is insufficiently prepared and there is no response during the counterattack, it is impossible to defeat Japan. China’s survival depends on the outcome of the war. Therefore, the study of military theory, strategy and tactics, and political work cannot be delayed, and the theory of war and strategy is the backbone of everything.

  ”Concentrate superior forces and annihilate enemies individually” is an instruction to the party drafted by Comrade Mao Zedong for the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China on September 16, 1946. The instructions concentrated on the combat methods of concentrating superior forces and annihilating the enemy one by one, and fundamentally solved the military principle problem of how to gradually defeat the Kuomintang army in the war. It was pointed out that the principle of concentrating forces to annihilate the enemy individually is to take the annihilation of the enemy’s effective forces as the main goal, and not to defend or seize the place as the main goal. The instructions also pointed out that the effects of this method of warfare are: first, total annihilation; second, quick victory. Quick decisions in tactics and operations are a necessary condition for lasting strategy.

  The “Declaration of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army” is a political declaration drafted by Comrade Mao Zedong for the headquarters of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army on October 10, 1947. It was pointed out that the purpose of our army’s operations, which has been repeatedly announced at home and abroad, is for the liberation of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. Today, it is to realize the urgent demands of the people across the country, to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek, the culprit of the civil war, to organize a democratic coalition government to achieve the overall goal of liberating the people and the nation, and to announce eight basic policies. Emphasizing that all officers and soldiers of our army must always remember that we are the great People’s Liberation Army and a team led by the great Communist Party of China. As long as we always abide by the party’s instructions, we will surely win.

  ”The People’s Liberation Army is always a fighting team and a working team” is part of Comrade Mao Zedong’s report at the second plenary session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on March 5, 1949. It was pointed out that there are only three ways to deal with the remaining Kuomintang troops in the future: Tianjin, Peiping, and Suiyuan. The People’s Liberation Army is always a fighting team and a work team. As the fighting gradually decreases, the role of the work team increases, especially when the Beiping method or the Suiyuan method is used to solve problems in various parts of the south. Within a short period of time, the entire People’s Liberation Army must be transformed into work teams. The 2.1 million field army must be regarded as a huge cadre school. In the situation of national victory, the focus of the party’s work must be moved from the countryside to the city, and great efforts must be made to learn to manage and build cities.

  ”The Victory and Significance of Resisting U.S. Aggression and Aiding Korea” was part of Comrade Mao Zedong’s speech at the 24th Session of the Central People’s Government Committee on September 12, 1953. It was pointed out that after three years of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, a great victory was achieved, and there were military, political, and economic reasons for its success. Leadership is one factor, and the masses’ thinking of solutions is the most important. Our experience is: relying on the people and a relatively correct leadership, we can use our inferior equipment to defeat the enemy with superior equipment. The victory in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea was great and of great significance.

  The “General Provisions of the Political Work Regulations of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (Draft)” were promulgated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the People’s Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People’s Government on April 15, 1954, and ordered the entire army to implement them. There are seven general principles in total, which point out that the Chinese People’s Liberation Army is the armed force of the People’s Republic of China and a people’s army led by the Communist Party of China that defends the motherland and serves the people’s revolutionary struggle and national construction. The Communist Party of China is the founder and organizer of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. The Party’s Marxist-Leninist political line and military line are the decisive factors for this army’s victory. Standing closely with the people and serving the people wholeheartedly is the sole purpose of this army. The Chinese People’s Liberation Army must resolutely fight for the party’s program and line and for socialist communism. The Communist Party of China has established party committees at all levels in the Chinese People’s Liberation Army as the core of the unified leadership of the army; it has also determined the division of labor and responsibility system of chiefs under the unified collective leadership of the party committee as the party’s leadership system for the army. The political work of the Communist Party of China in the Chinese People’s Liberation Army is the lifeline of our army.

  ”The Relationship between Economic Construction and National Defense Construction” is the third part of Comrade Mao Zedong’s speech at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on April 25, 1956. The speech explained the dialectical relationship between economic construction and national defense construction, pointing out that national defense is indispensable. Now, we have a certain defense capability. Our defense industry is building. Only if economic construction develops faster can national defense construction make greater progress. We must strengthen national defense, so we must first strengthen economic construction. This is a question of strategic policy.

  ”The Task of Military Reorganization” was Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s speech at the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China on July 14, 1975. He pointed out that the army is now a bit bloated, scattered, arrogant, extravagant and lazy. To reorganize the army is to reorganize the five words mentioned above. During the reorganization of the army, it is necessary to strengthen cadre learning, strengthen party spirit, opposition spirit, strengthen discipline, and carry forward the traditional style of hard work. The Military Commission must focus on establishment, equipment, and strategy. The issues to be studied in strategy are not only combat issues, but also training. Our tradition has always been that political organs manage cadres, and leaders always have to go through political organs to assess and review cadres. This is in line with organizational principles. We must inherit this good tradition. Nowadays, when selecting cadres, especially senior cadres, we must choose those who work hard or work relatively hard. The responsibility for running the military well lies with the main members above the military level. As long as everyone takes the lead and works hard to achieve the eight words Comrade Mao Zedong said: unity, intensity, seriousness, and liveliness, the problems of the army will not be difficult to solve, and the party’s line, principles, and policies can be implemented well. In short, the people’s army must carry forward the revolutionary tradition and strive for greater glory.

  ”The military must raise education and training to a strategic position” was part of Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s speech at a symposium of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China on August 23, 1977. It was pointed out that under the conditions of no war, the education and training of the military should be raised to a strategic position. It should be done from two aspects. On the one hand, the army itself should promote hard study and training; on the other hand, it should solve the cadre problem by running schools. There are three requirements for running a school. First, train cadres, select cadres, and recommend cadres. Second, earnestly study the knowledge of modern warfare and learn the joint operations of all services and arms. Third, restore the traditional style of our military. The purpose of running a school is to improve the level of the cadres, strengthen their capabilities, and make them younger, especially the cadres of the combat troops, so that our cadres can master some knowledge of modern warfare and have a good style of work.

  ”Our strategic policy is active defense” was part of Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s speech at the plenary session of the Defense Operations Research Class held by the General Staff Headquarters of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army on October 15, 1980. Point out, what policy will we adopt in our future anti-aggression war? I agree with the four words “active defense”. Active defense itself is not just a defense, there is offense within defense. Another thing to emphasize is to focus on training. You can’t relax on this matter. In training, we must pay attention to synthetic training and focus on synthetic army combat training. Not only schools pay attention to training, but the troops also pay attention to actual combat training.

  ”Building a powerful modernized and regularized revolutionary army” was a speech delivered by Comrade Deng Xiaoping when he reviewed the military exercise troops somewhere in North China on September 19, 1981. It was pointed out that our army is a strong pillar of the people’s democratic dictatorship and shoulders the glorious mission of defending the socialist motherland and safeguarding the construction of the four modernizations. Our army must be built into a powerful, modern and regularized revolutionary army.

  ”The military must obey the overall situation of national construction” was part of Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s speech at the Central Military Commission symposium on November 1, 1984. He pointed out that what is needed now is for the party, government, military and civilians across the country to wholeheartedly obey the overall situation of national construction and take care of this overall situation. Our military has its own responsibilities and must not hinder this overall situation. It must closely cooperate with this overall situation and act within this overall situation. Everyone must proceed from the overall situation, take care of the overall situation, and do everything possible to develop our country’s economy.

  ”Speech at the Enlarged Meeting of the Central Military Commission” was Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s speech on June 4, 1985. It was pointed out that reducing the number of personnel in the Chinese People’s Liberation Army by one million is a sign of the strength and confidence of the Chinese Communist Party, the Chinese government and the Chinese people. It was pointed out that after smashing the “Gang of Four”, especially after the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, our judgment on the international situation has changed, and our foreign policy has also changed. These are two important changes. The first change is the understanding of war and peace issues. It is possible that a large-scale world war will not occur for a relatively long period of time, and there is hope for maintaining world peace. Based on these analyzes of the general trend of the world and the analysis of our surrounding environment, we have changed our original view that the danger of war is imminent. The second change is our foreign policy. For some time in the past, we implemented a “one-line” strategy. Now we have changed that strategy, which is a major shift. We pursue an independent and correct diplomatic line and foreign policy, hold high the banner of opposing hegemonism and safeguarding world peace, and stand firmly on the side of the forces of peace.

  The “Notice of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approving the Central Military Commission’s Decision on Military Political Work in the New Era” was issued on February 15, 1987. It was pointed out that this decision is guided by Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, inherits the fine traditions of the political work of the party and the army, and combines the tasks and situations faced by the army in the new historical period, and sets out the guiding ideology, main tasks, principles and policies of the political work of the army. and basic methods, and has made correct explanations and regulations, which has an important long-term guiding role in ensuring the revolutionary, modernization, and regularization of the army and ensuring that the army completes the glorious mission of defending the motherland and building the motherland. The “Decision” discusses how to implement strategic changes in adapting to the guiding ideology of national defense construction and army building and do a good job in the political work of the army in the new era. It is divided into seven issues. It was pointed out that the People’s Liberation Army shoulders major historical responsibilities in realizing the country’s three major tasks and must strengthen the political work of our army under new historical conditions.

  ”Speech when meeting all comrades attending the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission” was a speech delivered by Comrade Deng Xiaoping on November 12, 1989. pointed out that I am convinced that our military can always adhere to its own nature. This nature is the army of the party, the army of the people, and the army of the socialist country. This is different from militaries around the world. It is also different from the armies of other socialist countries because their armies have different experiences from our armies. Our military must always be loyal to the party, the people, the country, and socialism.

  ”The troops must be politically qualified, militarily strong, have a good work style, have strict discipline, and have strong support” was part of Comrade Jiang Zemin’s speech at the military work conference of the entire army on December 1, 1990. It was pointed out that the most fundamental thing to do in building the army is to do a good job in ideological and political work. It is necessary to strengthen organizational discipline and ensure the concentration and unity of the troops. Military training is an important means for the troops to cultivate their style, improve their military quality, and enhance their combat effectiveness in peacetime. Military training must be placed in a strategic position. Whether it is military training or the entire military work, we should do it in a practical way. Only by doing it in a practical way can we achieve results.

  ”The International Situation and Military Strategic Principles” was the main part of Comrade Jiang Zemin’s speech at the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on January 13, 1993. It is pointed out that the basic content of the military strategic policy of active defense is to take Mao Zedong’s military thought and Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s thoughts on military construction in the new era as the fundamental guidance, obey and serve the national development strategy, and be based on winning a possible modern technological special situation. It is a local war under high-tech conditions. Accelerate the quality construction of our army, strive to improve our army’s emergency combat capabilities, use strengths and avoid weaknesses, be flexible, contain wars, win wars, defend the country’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, maintain the unity of the motherland and social stability, and provide Reform, opening up and modernization provide a strong security guarantee.

  The “Notice of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Forwarding the Decision on Several Issues Concerning the Ideological and Political Construction of the Army under the Conditions of Reform, Opening Up and the Development of a Socialist Market Economy” was issued on August 24, 1999. It was pointed out that winning future high-tech wars and maintaining the nature, true character and style of the people’s army are the party’s highest political requirements for the people’s army in the new era. The “Decision” pointed out that we must unswervingly hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, ensure the Party’s absolute leadership over the military, must always put ideological and political construction at the top of all military constructions, and must closely focus on the centralization of military modernization. We must adhere to the unity of inheriting fine traditions and reform and innovation. The mission of our military’s ideological and political construction under the new historical conditions is to provide strong spiritual motivation for winning future high-tech wars and to provide reliable political guarantee for maintaining the nature, true character and style of the people’s army.

  ”Mechanization and informatization are the dual historical tasks of our military construction” was part of Comrade Jiang Zemin’s speech at the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on December 11, 2000. He pointed out that by stepping up preparations for military struggle, we have grasped the main contradiction in the current military construction. We must strive to complete the dual historical tasks of mechanization and informatization of our army, focus on building a modern combat system that adapts to the requirements of high-tech warfare, persist in using the spirit of reform and innovation to carry out the comprehensive construction of our army centered on modernization, and further improve the mechanism of scientific decision-making and means.

  ”On Military Transformation with Chinese Characteristics” was Comrade Jiang Zemin’s speech at the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on December 27, 2002. It is pointed out that the new military revolution is entering a new stage of qualitative change and is likely to develop into a profound military revolution that affects the world and involves all military fields. It will inevitably lead to revolutionary changes in a series of aspects such as military construction and combat methods. It is possible that It further widens the gap in military strength between China and major countries in the world and increases the potential threat to China’s military security. With a sense of urgency that time cannot wait, we must actively promote military reform with Chinese characteristics, accelerate the transformation of our military from mechanization and semi-mechanization to informationization, and comprehensively improve our military’s deterrence and actual combat capabilities.

  ”The Historical Mission of Our Army in the New Century and New Stage” was part of Comrade Hu Jintao’s speech at the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on December 24, 2004. It was pointed out that after a comprehensive analysis of the development requirements of the times and changes in China’s security situation, the historical mission of our army in the new century and new stage must be accurately grasped from the following aspects: providing an important force guarantee for the party to consolidate its ruling position, and safeguarding the development of the country. It provides a strong security guarantee during a period of important strategic opportunities, provides strong strategic support for safeguarding national interests, and plays an important role in safeguarding world peace and promoting common development.

  ”Transformation to Military Training under Informatization Conditions” was part of Comrade Hu Jintao’s speech at the military training conference on June 27, 2006. It was pointed out that entering the new stage of the new century, our army has adapted to the development trend of war forms and combat methods, established the strategic goal of building an information-based army and winning information-based wars, and strives to promote the compound development of mechanization and informationization. Military training is undergoing a revolution. Profound change. Based on the actual progress and development level of mechanization and informatization construction, we must proceed from reality, provide classified guidance, creatively carry out military training, strive to improve the quality and effect of training, and solidly promote the transformation of military training under mechanized conditions to military training under informationized conditions. Accelerate the improvement of our military’s deterrence and actual combat capabilities under informationization conditions.

  ”Building a consolidated national defense and a strong military compatible with national security and development interests” was part of Comrade Hu Jintao’s speech at the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on December 28, 2007. It was pointed out that continuing to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics at a new historical starting point has put forward new requirements for strengthening national defense and army building. We must strive to build a solid national defense and a strong military that is commensurate with the country’s international status and consistent with national security and development interests. Enriching the country and strengthening the army are the two cornerstones for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It is necessary to coordinate economic construction and national defense construction, and achieve the unity of enriching the country and strengthening the military in the process of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.

  ”Cultivating the Core Values ​​of Contemporary Revolutionary Soldiers” was part of Comrade Hu Jintao’s speech at the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on December 24, 2008. It was pointed out that the core values ​​of contemporary revolutionary soldiers are embodied in “loyalty to the party, love for the people, serving the country, dedication to the mission, and advocating honor.” We must persist in using the core values ​​of contemporary revolutionary soldiers to guide the thoughts and behaviors of officers and soldiers, guide officers and soldiers to always maintain political firmness and ideological and moral purity, and truly win the battle without deterioration. It is necessary to integrate the core values ​​​​of contemporary revolutionary soldiers into all aspects of military building, and do a good job in ideological education, public opinion guidance, cultural edification, model demonstration, practical cultivation, and institutional guarantees, so that the core values ​​​​of contemporary revolutionary soldiers can be universally understood and recognized by officers and soldiers, and they can consciously cultivate and practice them. .

  The “Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council, and the Central Military Commission on Strengthening National Defense Education under the New Situation” was issued on April 19, 2011. It was pointed out that national defense education is the foundation for building and consolidating national defense and an important way to enhance national cohesion and improve the quality of the entire people. We must fully understand the importance of strengthening national defense education under the new situation. It is necessary to firmly establish a concept of national defense that is consistent with the requirements of the Scientific Outlook on Development, focus on national defense education for leading cadres at all levels, vigorously promote the popularization of national defense education in all sectors of society, actively improve and innovate methods and means of national defense education, and strive to provide policies for popularizing national defense education Support and related guarantees, and effectively strengthen the organizational leadership of national defense education.

  ”Firmly grasp the goal of strengthening the military and build a strong people’s army” was part of Comrade Xi Jinping’s speech at the plenary session of the People’s Liberation Army delegation at the first session of the 12th National People’s Congress on March 11, 2013. It was pointed out that the party’s goal of strengthening the army under the new situation is to build a people’s army that obeys the party’s command, can win wars, and has a good work style. Listening to the party’s command is the soul and determines the political direction of military construction; being able to win battles is the core, reflecting the fundamental functions of the military and the fundamental direction of military construction; excellent work style is the guarantee, and is related to the nature, purpose and true quality of the military. This goal clarifies the focus and focus of strengthening military construction, which the entire military must accurately grasp to guide military construction, reform and military struggle preparations, and strive to raise national defense and military construction to a new level.

  ”Deepening National Defense and Military Reform” is the fifteenth part of the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform” adopted at the third plenary session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on November 12, 2013. It is pointed out that we must closely focus on the party’s goal of strengthening the military under the new situation, strive to solve outstanding contradictions and problems that restrict the development of national defense and military construction, innovate and develop military theory, strengthen military strategic guidance, improve military strategic guidelines for the new era, and build a modern modern society with Chinese characteristics. military power system.

  ”Effectively strengthening and improving the political work of our military under the new situation” was part of Comrade Xi Jinping’s speech at the military political work conference on October 31, 2014. It was pointed out that we must closely focus on the theme of the times for our military’s political work, strengthen and improve our military’s political work under the new situation, and give full play to the lifeline role of political work in strengthening and rejuvenating the army. The most important thing is to firmly establish four fundamental things in the entire army: ideals and beliefs, party spirit principles, combat effectiveness standards, and political work authority. He emphasized that adhering to the Party’s absolute leadership over the military is the soul of a strong military, and forging a solid military soul is the core task of our military’s political work. It is necessary to grasp the characteristics and laws of soul-casting and educating people under the new situation, and strive to cultivate a new generation of revolutionary soldiers with soul, ability, blood and moral character.

  ”Comprehensively implement the strategy of reforming and strengthening the military, and unswervingly follow the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics” was part of Comrade Xi Jinping’s speech at the Central Military Commission Reform Work Conference on November 24, 2015. It is pointed out that deepening the reform of national defense and the army is the requirement of the times to realize the Chinese Dream and the dream of building a strong military. It is the only way to strengthen and rejuvenate the army, and it is also a key move to determine the future of the army. In accordance with the requirements of the “Four Comprehensives” strategic layout, guided by the Party’s goal of strengthening the military under the new situation, we must implement the military strategic guidelines under the new situation, comprehensively implement the strategy of reform and strengthening the military, and strive to solve the institutional obstacles that restrict national defense and military construction. , structural contradictions and policy issues, promote the modernization of the military’s organizational form, further liberate and develop combat effectiveness, further liberate and enhance the vitality of the military, and build a consolidated national defense and a strong military commensurate with our country’s international status and compatible with national security and development interests, Provide a strong guarantee of strength to achieve the “Two Centenary Goals” and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It was emphasized that the General Principle of the leadership and command system reform is that the Military Commission takes charge of the overall affairs, the theaters are responsible for the battle, and the military services are responsible for the construction.

  ”Comprehensively implement the innovation-driven development strategy and promote national defense and military construction to achieve new leaps” was part of Comrade Xi Jinping’s speech at the plenary session of the People’s Liberation Army Delegation at the Fourth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress on March 13, 2016. It is pointed out that innovation capability is the core competitiveness of an army and an accelerator for generating and improving combat effectiveness. Promoting new leaps and bounds in national defense and military construction through reform and innovation is a key to determining the future and destiny of our military. We must make great efforts to focus on theoretical innovation, scientific and technological innovation, scientific management, talent gathering, and practical innovation, drive and promote comprehensive innovation with key breakthroughs, and continuously create new situations for strengthening the military.

  ”On the Central Military Commission’s Adherence to the Chairman’s Responsibility System” was part of Comrade Xi Jinping’s speech at the Central Military Commission’s Democratic Life Conference on February 4, 2017. He pointed out that our party’s system is for the party leader to serve as chairman of the Central Military Commission, which is to ensure the party’s absolute leadership over the military. We must understand the extreme importance of this system from the perspective of prosperity and long-term stability of the party, country and army. The chairman’s responsibility system solves the issue of the highest leadership and command power of our military. It is the chairman of the Central Military Commission who has the final say and final say on major issues of our military. To implement the chairman’s responsibility system, the entire military must be particularly clear-headed and conscious in its actions, and report major issues to the request for instructions.

  ”Speech at the Conference to Celebrate the 90th Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army” was Comrade Xi Jinping’s speech on August 1, 2017. It was pointed out that standing at a new historical starting point, we must speed up the construction of the people’s army into a world-class army. To advance the cause of building a strong military, we must unswervingly uphold the Party’s absolute leadership over the military and ensure that the People’s Army always follows the Party; we must uphold and develop the Party’s military guiding theory, and constantly open up new realms of development of Marxist military theory and contemporary China’s military practice; We must always focus on preparing for war, and forging elite troops who are ready to fight when called upon, and who are sure to win in battle; we must persist in building the army politically, strengthening the army through reform, developing the army through science and technology, and running the army in accordance with the law, so as to comprehensively improve the modernization level of national defense and the army. ; We must further promote the development of military-civilian integration and build a national strategic system and capability for military-civilian integration; we must adhere to the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly and always be a soldier trusted by the people, supported by the people, and loved by the people.

  ”Adhere to the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics and comprehensively promote the modernization of national defense and the military” was part of Comrade Xi Jinping’s report at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on October 18, 2017. It was pointed out that in the face of profound changes in the national security environment and the requirements of the times for a strong country and strong military, we must fully implement the Party’s thought on strengthening the military in the new era, implement the military strategic guidelines under the new situation, and build a powerful modern army, navy, air force, rocket Army and strategic support forces, build a strong and efficient theater joint operations command structure, build a modern combat system with Chinese characteristics, and shoulder the missions of the new era entrusted by the party and the people.

  ”Continuously creating a new realm for the development of contemporary China’s Marxist military theory and military practice” was part of Comrade Xi Jinping’s speech at the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on December 22, 2017. It was pointed out that in the magnificent practice of strengthening the army, we focus on realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, focus on what kind of strong people’s army to build in the new era and how to build a strong people’s army, and conduct in-depth theoretical exploration and practical creation to form The Party’s thought on strengthening the army in the new era. It is clear that a strong country must have a strong army. Consolidating national defense and a strong people’s army are strategic supports for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the new era. It is clear that the party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era is to build a force that can obey the party’s command and be capable. The people’s army that wins battles and has an excellent work style must be consistent with the national modernization process and strive to basically realize the modernization of national defense and the army by 2035, and fully build the people’s army into a world-class army by the middle of this century; it is clear that the party’s absolute leadership over the army is the people The foundation of building an army and the soul of a strong army must fully implement a series of fundamental principles and systems for the Party’s leadership of the army to ensure that the army is absolutely loyal, absolutely pure, and absolutely reliable; it is clear that the army must be prepared to fight, and must focus on being able to fight and fight. To win the war, innovatively develop military strategic guidance, build a modern combat system with Chinese characteristics, comprehensively improve the ability to prepare for war in the new era, effectively shape the situation, manage crises, contain wars, and win wars; it is clear that excellent work style is the distinctive feature and political advantage of our military, and must Strengthen the construction of work style and discipline, unswervingly improve the work style and discipline, fight corruption and punish evil, vigorously carry forward the glorious traditions and fine styles of our party and our army, and always maintain the nature, purpose and true quality of the people’s army; it is clear that to advance the cause of strengthening the army, we must adhere to political construction The army, reform and strengthen the army, develop the army through science and technology, and run the army in accordance with the law, pay more attention to focusing on actual combat, pay more attention to innovation-driven, pay more attention to system construction, pay more attention to intensive and efficient, pay more attention to military-civilian integration, comprehensively improve the level of revolution, modernization and regularization; clarify the reform It is the only way to strengthen the army. We must promote the modernization of the military’s organizational form, build a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics, and improve the socialist military system with Chinese characteristics. It is clear that innovation is the first driving force for development, and we must insist on seeking combat effectiveness from scientific and technological innovation, and coordinate the advancement of the military Innovate in theory, technology, organization, management, culture and other aspects to build an innovative people’s army; clarify that a modern military must build a military legal system with Chinese characteristics, promote fundamental changes in the way of running the military, and improve the level of legalization of national defense and military construction; clarify that the military and civilians must Integrated development is a strategy to rejuvenate the country and strengthen the military. We must adhere to the principle of balancing development and security, enriching the country and strengthening the military, forming an all-factor, multi-domain, and highly effective military-civilian integration in-depth development pattern, and building an integrated national strategic system and capabilities. We must comprehensively and accurately study and understand the Party’s thought on strengthening the military in the new era and implement it unswervingly.

  ”Unswervingly Uphold the Party’s Absolute Leadership over the Military” was part of Comrade Xi Jinping’s speech at the Party Building Conference of the Central Military Commission on August 17, 2018. It was pointed out that to uphold the Party’s absolute leadership over the military, first of all, the entire military must be absolutely loyal to the Party. To be absolutely loyal to the Party, we must build a solid ideological foundation of listening to the Party and following the Party. It is necessary to strengthen loyalty identification and political inspection to ensure that the barrel of the gun is firmly in the hands of those who are absolutely loyal to the party.

  ”Uphold and improve the Party’s absolute leadership system over the People’s Army and ensure that the People’s Army faithfully performs its missions and tasks in the new era” is the “Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on Upholding the Mission and Tasks of the New Era” adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 31, 2019. and the Decision on Several Major Issues in Improving the Socialist System with Chinese Characteristics and Advancing the Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity.” It was pointed out that the party’s absolute leadership over the people’s army is the foundation of the people’s army and the soul of a strong army. The Central Military Commission’s implementation of the chairman’s responsibility system is the fundamental implementation form of upholding the party’s absolute leadership over the people’s military. We must firmly establish the guiding position of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military in national defense and military construction, insist that the highest leadership and command power of the People’s Army belong to the Party Central Committee, improve the Party building system of the People’s Army, and implement the Party’s absolute leadership over the People’s Army into the military The entire process of construction in various fields.

  ”Comprehensively strengthening practical military training and comprehensively improving training levels and winning capabilities” are the key points of Comrade Xi Jinping’s speech at the Central Military Commission’s military training conference on November 25, 2020. It is pointed out that military training is the regular and central work of the army, the basic way to generate and improve combat effectiveness, and the most direct preparation for military struggle. We must continue to focus on preparing for war, adhere to actual combat training, joint combat training, science and technology-based training, and law-based training, carry forward fine traditions, strengthen reform and innovation, accelerate the construction of a new military training system, and comprehensively improve training levels and winning capabilities, in order to achieve The Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era is to provide strong support for building our military into a world-class military.

  ”Promoting historic achievements and historic changes in national defense and military construction in the new era” is derived from the “Major Issues of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Party’s Centenary Struggle” adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on November 11, 2021. The fourth part of the resolution “Creating a New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics”. It was pointed out that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the party has proposed the goal of strengthening the military in the new era, established military strategic guidelines for the new era, and formulated the goal of achieving the centenary goal of the founding of the army by 2027, basically realizing the modernization of national defense and the army by 2035, and The new “three-step” strategy for national defense and military modernization to build a world-class military in an all-round way by the middle of the century, promote political military building, strengthen the military through reform, strengthen the military through science and technology, strengthen the military through talent, and run the military in accordance with the law, and accelerate the modernization of military theory and the modernization of military organizational forms. , modernize military personnel, modernize weapons and equipment, accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, comprehensively strengthen military training and preparations, and adhere to the path of building a strong military with Chinese characteristics. Under the strong leadership of the Party, the People’s Army has achieved overall revolutionary reshaping, reorganized and started again, simultaneously improved its national defense strength and economic strength, accelerated the construction of an integrated national strategic system and capabilities, established and improved the management and support system for veterans, and established a national defense system. Mobilization is more efficient, and unity between the military and the government and the people is more consolidated. The People’s Army has resolutely fulfilled its missions and tasks in the new era, and defended national sovereignty, security, and development interests with its tenacious fighting spirit and practical actions.

  ”In-depth implementation of the strategy of strengthening the military through talents in the new era” is the key point of Comrade Xi Jinping’s speech at the Central Military Commission Talent Work Conference on November 26, 2021. It is pointed out that talents are the key factor to promote the high-quality development of our military, win military competition and take the initiative in future wars. To implement the strategy of strengthening the military with talents in the new era, we must implement the Party’s absolute leadership over the military in all aspects and the entire process of talent work. We must regard the ability to fight and win wars as the starting point and foothold of talent work. We must face the world’s military frontier and face major national security issues. To meet the needs of national defense and military modernization, we must cultivate and make good use of talents in an all-round way, deepen the reform of military human resources policies and systems, and implement the strategy of strengthening the country through talents.

  ”Implementing the strategy of running the military according to law and improving the level of legalization of national defense and military construction” were the key points of Comrade Xi Jinping’s speech when attending the plenary meeting of the People’s Liberation Army and Armed Police Force delegation at the fifth session of the 13th National People’s Congress on March 7, 2022. It was pointed out that running the army in accordance with the law is the basic way for our party to build and run the army, and is an inevitable requirement to achieve the party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era. It is necessary to uphold the party’s absolute leadership over the military, adhere to combat effectiveness standards, insist on building a military legal system with Chinese characteristics, insist on transforming the way of running the military in accordance with the requirements of the rule of law, insist on strict discipline in the military, insist on seizing the “critical minority” of leading cadres, and insist on the dominant position of officers and soldiers. , insisting on implementing the requirements of comprehensively governing the country according to law.

  ”Achieve the Centenary Goal of the Founding of the Army and Create a New Situation in the Modernization of National Defense and the Army” is part of Comrade Xi Jinping’s report at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on October 16, 2022. It was pointed out that achieving the centenary goal of the founding of the army as scheduled and accelerating the building of the people’s army into a world-class army are strategic requirements for comprehensively building a modern socialist country. We must implement the Party’s thought on strengthening the army in the new era, implement the military strategic principles of the new era, adhere to the Party’s absolute leadership over the people’s army, adhere to political army building, reform to strengthen the army, science and technology to strengthen the army, talents to strengthen the army, and rule of law, and adhere to border struggles. , prepare for war while building, adhere to the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, accelerate the modernization of military theory, military organizational form, military personnel, and weapons and equipment, improve the strategic ability to defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests, and effectively fulfill the new era People’s Army missions.

現代漢語普通話:

新華社北京7月30日電 由中共中央黨史與文獻研究院、中國人民解放軍軍事科學院編輯的《中國共產黨軍事工作重要文獻選編》,已由中央文獻出版社、解放軍出版社出版。現將該書主要篇目介紹如下。

《關於糾正黨內的錯誤思想》是毛澤東同志1929年12月為中國共產黨紅軍第四軍第九次代表大會寫的決議的第一部分。指出,紅軍第四軍的共產黨內存在著各種非無產階級的思想,這對於執行黨的正確路線,妨礙極大。大會根據中央九月來信的精神,指出四軍黨內各種非無產階級思想的表現、來源及其糾正的方法,號召同志們起來徹底地加以肅清。強調,紅軍決不是單純地打仗的,它除了打仗消滅敵人軍事力量之外,還要負擔宣傳群眾、組織群眾、武裝群眾、幫助群眾建立革命政權以至於建立共產黨的組織等項重大的任務。

《星星之火,可以燎原》是毛澤東同志1930年1月5日的一封信。信中批評黨內一些同志對時局估量的一種悲觀思想,指出那種“沒有在遊擊區域建立紅色政權的深刻的觀念”,那種“全國範圍的、包括一切地方的、先爭取群眾後建立政權的理論,是於中國革命的實情不適合的。信中深入分析了敵我力量對比情況,深刻地揭示了中國革命由小塊紅色政權的「星星之火」到全國「燎原」的必然發展趨勢。

《中國革命戰爭的戰略問題》是毛澤東同志1936年12月寫的,曾在紅軍大學作過講演。文章論述了研究戰爭問題的基本觀點和方法,進一步論述了中國革命戰爭的特點和取得勝利的主要條件,規定了在中國共產黨領導之下的紅軍戰爭的指導路線,規定了適合中國革命戰爭特點的戰略戰術。主要是:要掌握「圍剿」和反「圍剿」長期反復的規律﹔要採取積極防禦的戰略方針﹔要在一定條件下為著進攻所必須採取的退卻和誘敵深入﹔要實行集中兵力這個克敵制勝的作戰方法,把運動戰作為紅軍的主要作戰形式﹔要採取戰略的持久戰、戰役和戰鬥的速決戰,把殲滅戰作為紅軍作戰的一個根本指導思想。

《抗日遊擊戰爭的戰略問題》是毛澤東同志1938年5月針對當時黨內外許多人輕視遊擊戰爭的重大戰略作用,而隻把自己的希望寄託於正規戰爭,特別是國民黨軍隊的作戰的錯誤傾向所寫的一篇長文。指出,遊擊戰爭的戰略問題是在這樣的情況之下發生的:中國既不是小國,又不像蘇聯,是一個大而弱的國家。這一個大而弱的國家被另一個小而強的國家所攻擊,但是這個大而弱的國家卻處於進步的時代,全部問題就從這裡發生了。由於中國大而弱,但有共產黨及其領導的軍隊和廣大人民群眾﹔日本小而強,但兵力不足,必將在其佔領區留下許多空虛的地方,這就使共產黨領導的八路軍和抗日人民武裝發展敵後遊擊戰爭獲得廣闊的天地。抗日遊擊戰爭就不僅僅是戰術和戰役上的問題,而是具有戰略地位。

《論持久戰》是毛澤東同志1938年5月26日至6月3日在延安抗日戰爭研究會的講演。文章根據抗日戰爭一年來的經驗,批駁了“亡國論”和“速勝論”,指出,中日戰爭是半殖民地半封建的中國和帝國主義的日本之間在20世紀30年代進行的一個決死的戰爭。在這場戰爭中,中日雙方存在著互相矛盾的四個基本特點。這些特點規定了戰爭的持久性和最後勝利屬於中國,中國必須採取持久勝敵的抗戰方針。文章科學地預見了抗日戰爭必將經過的三個階段。文章完整地提出了抗日戰爭的戰略戰術指導原則,指出,兵民是勝利之本﹔戰爭的偉力之最深厚的根源,存在於民眾之中。

《戰爭與戰略問題》是毛澤東同志1938年11月6日在中國共產黨第六屆中央委員會擴大的第六次全體會議上所作結論的一部分。指出,必須明確抗日遊擊戰爭的戰略地位。在抗日戰爭的全體上,正規戰爭是主要的,遊擊戰爭是輔助的,但遊擊戰爭佔有重要的戰略地位。因為沒有敵後最廣大的最堅持的遊擊戰爭,敵無後顧之憂,進攻必更猖獗,繼續抗戰可能動搖﹔或反攻力量準備不足,反攻時沒有呼應,要戰勝日本也是不可能的。中國的存亡係於戰爭的勝負,因此,研究軍事理論,研究戰略和戰術,研究政治工作,不可或緩,而戰爭和戰略的理論則是一切的骨幹。

《集中優勢兵力,各殲滅敵人》是毛澤東同志1946年9月16日為中共中央軍委起草的對黨內的指示。指示集中闡述了集中優勢兵力、各個殲滅敵人的作戰方法,從根本上解決瞭如何在戰爭中逐步擊敗國民黨軍的軍事原則問題。指出,集中兵力各殲敵的原則,以殲滅敵軍有生力量為主要目標,不以保守或奪取地方為主要目標。指示也指出,這種戰法的效果是:一能全殲﹔二能速決。在戰術和戰役上的速決,是戰略上持久的必要條件。

《中國人民解放軍宣言》是毛澤東同志1947年10月10日為中國人民解放軍總部起草的政治宣言。指出,本軍作戰目的,迭經宣告中外,是為了中國人民和中華民族的解放。而在今天,則是實現全國人民的迫切要求,打倒內戰禍首蔣介石,組織民主聯合政府,藉以達到解放人民和民族的總目標,並宣布了八項基本政策。強調,我全軍將士必須時時牢記,我們是偉大的人民解放軍,是偉大的中國共產黨領導的隊伍。只要我們時時刻刻遵守黨的指示,我們就一定勝利。

《人民解放軍永遠是一個戰鬥隊又是一個工作隊》是毛澤東同志1949年3月5日在中國共產黨第七屆中央委員會第二次全體會議上報告的一部分。指出,今後解決殘餘國民黨軍隊的方式,不外天津、北平、綏遠三種。解放軍永遠是一個戰鬥隊又是一個工作隊,隨著戰鬥的逐步地減少,工作隊的作用就增加了,特別是在南方各地用北平方式或者綏遠方式解決問題的時候是這樣。在不要很久的時間之內,要使解放軍全部轉化為工作隊。必須把二百一十萬野戰軍看成一個巨大的幹部學校。在全國勝利的局面下,黨的工作重心必須由鄉村移到城市,必須用極大的努力去學會管理城市和建設城市。

《抗美援朝的勝利和意義》是毛澤東同志1953年9月12日在中央人民政府委員會第二十四次會議上講話的一部分。指出,抗美援朝,經過三年,取得了偉大勝利,能夠和下來有軍事方面、政治方面、經濟方面的原因。領導是一個因素,群眾想辦法是最主要的。我們的經驗是:依靠人民,再加上一個比較正確的領導,就可以用我們劣勢裝備戰勝優勢裝備的敵人。抗美援朝戰爭的勝利是偉大的,而且是有很重要意義的。

《中國人民解放軍政治工作條例總則(草案)》於1954年4月15日由中國共產黨中央委員會、中央人民政府人民革命軍事委員會頒布,命令全軍執行。總則共七條,指出,中國人民解放軍是中華人民共和國的武裝力量,是中國共產黨領導的、保衛祖國、服務於人民革命鬥爭和國家建設的人民軍隊。中國共產黨是中國人民解放軍的締造者和組織者。黨的馬克思列寧主義的政治路線和軍事路線是這個軍隊取得勝利的決定因素。緊緊地和人民站在一起,全心全意地為人民服務,就是這個軍隊的唯一的宗旨。中國人民解放軍必須堅決為黨的綱領、路線,為社會主義共產主義而奮鬥。中國共產黨在中國人民解放軍中設立黨的各級委員會,作為部隊統一領導的核心﹔並確定黨委統一的集體的領導下的首長分工負責制,為黨對軍隊的領導制度。中國共產黨在中國人民解放軍中的政治工作是我軍的生命線。

《經濟建設與國防建設的關系》是毛澤東同志1956年4月25日在中共中央政治局擴大會議上講話的第三部分。講話闡釋了經濟建設和國防建設的辯証關系,指出,國防不可不有。現在,我們有了一定的國防力量。我們的國防工業正在建立。有經濟建設發展得更快了,國防建設才能夠有更大的進步。我們一定要加強國防,因此,一定要先加強經濟建設。這是戰略方針的問題。

《軍隊整頓的任務》是鄧小平同志1975年7月14日在中共中央軍委擴大會議上的講話。指出,軍隊現在有點腫、散、驕、奢、惰。軍隊整頓就是整上面講的那五個字。軍隊整頓當中,要加強幹部學習,增強黨性,反對派性,加強紀律性,發揚艱苦奮鬥的傳統作風。軍委要抓編制,抓裝備,還要抓戰略。戰略要研究的問題,不只是作戰問題,還包括訓練。我們的傳統歷來是政治機關管幹部,首長總要經過政治機關去評鑑、審查幹部,這才符合組織原則。要把這個好的傳統繼承起來。現在選幹部,特別是選高級幹部,要選艱苦奮鬥或比較艱苦奮鬥的。搞好軍隊的責任在軍隊以上的主要成員。若要大家帶頭努力,做到毛澤東同志說的八個字,團結、緊張、嚴肅、活潑,軍隊的問題是不難解決的,黨的路線、方針、政策是可以貫徹好的。總之,人民軍隊要發揚革命傳統,爭取更大榮耀。

《軍隊要把教育訓練提升到戰略地位》是鄧小平同志1977年8月23日在中共中央軍委座談會上講話的一部分。指出,在沒有戰爭的條件下,要把軍隊的教育訓練提升到戰略地位。要從兩個方面去做。一個方面是部隊本身要提倡苦學苦練,另一方面是透過辦學校來解決幹部問題。辦學校有三個要求。第一,訓練幹部,選拔幹部,推薦幹部。第二,認真學習現代化戰爭知識,學習諸軍兵種聯合作戰。第三,恢復我們軍隊的傳統作風。辦學校要達到一個目的:使幹部隊伍水準提高,能力加強,比較年輕化,特別是戰鬥部隊的幹部更要年輕些,使我們的幹部能夠掌握一些現代化戰爭知識,並且有好的作風。

《我們的戰略方針是積極防禦》是鄧小平同志1980年10月15日在中國人民解放軍總參謀部舉辦的防衛作戰研究班全體會議上講話的一部分。指出,我們未來的反侵略戰爭,究竟採取什麼方針?我贊成就是「積極防禦」四個字。積極防禦本身不只是一個防禦,防禦中有進攻。強調,再一件事,就是抓訓練。這件事可不能放鬆。訓練可是要注意合成訓練,抓合成軍作戰訓練。不但學校注意訓練,部隊也要注意實戰訓練。

《建設強大的現代化正規化的革命軍隊》是鄧小平同志1981年9月19日在華北某地檢閱軍事演習部隊時的講話。指出,我軍是人民民主專政的堅強柱石,肩負著保衛社會主義祖國、保衛四化建設的光榮使命。必須把我軍建設成為一支強大的現代化、正規化的革命軍隊。

《軍隊要服從整個國家建設大局》是鄧小平同志1984年11月1日在中央軍委座談會上講話的一部分。指出,現在需要的是全國黨政軍民一心一意地服從國家建設這個大局,照顧這個大局。我們軍隊有自己的責任,不能妨礙這個大局,要緊密地配合這個大局,而且要在這個大局下面行動。大家都要從大局出發,照顧大局,千方百計使我們國家經濟發展。

《在軍委擴大會議上的講話》是鄧小平同志1985年6月4日的講話。指出,把中國人民解放軍的員額減少一百萬,這是中國共產黨、中國政府和中國人民有力量、有信心的表現。提出,粉碎「四人幫」以後,特別是黨的十一屆三中全會以後,我們對國際形勢的判斷有變化,對外政策也有變化,這是兩個重要的轉變。第一個轉變,是對戰爭與和平問題的認識。在較長時間內不發生大規模的世界戰爭是可能的,維護世界和平是有希望的。根據對世界大勢的這些分析,以及對我們周圍環境的分析,我們改變了原來認為戰爭的危險很迫近的看法。第二個轉變,是我們的對外政策。過去有一段時間,我們搞了「一條線」的戰略。現在我們改變了這個戰略,這是一個重大的轉變。我們奉行獨立自主的正確的外交路線和對外政策,高舉反對霸權主義、維護世界和平的旗幟,堅定地站在和平力量一邊。

《中共中央批轉中央軍委〈關於新時期軍隊政治工作的決定》的通知》是1987年2月15日印發的。指出,這個決定,以馬列主義、毛澤東思想為指導,繼承黨和軍隊政治工作的優良傳統,結合新的歷史時期軍隊的任務和麵臨的情況,對軍隊政治工作的指導思想、主要任務、方針政策和基本方法,做出了正確的闡述和規定,對於保証軍隊的革命化、現代化、正規化建設,保証軍隊完成保衛祖國、建設祖國的光榮任務,具有重要的長遠的指導作用。 《決定》就如何適應國防建設和軍隊建設的指導思想實行戰略性的轉變,做好新時期軍隊的政治工作,分七個問題作了論述。指出,人民解放軍在國家實現三大任務中肩負著重大的歷史責任,必須在新的歷史條件下加強我軍政治工作。

《會見參加中央軍委擴大會議全體同志時的講話》是鄧小平同志1989年11月12日的講話。指出,我確信,我們的軍隊能夠始終不渝地堅持自己的性質。這個性質是,黨的軍隊,人民的軍隊,社會主義國家的軍隊。這與世界各國的軍隊不同。就是與別的社會主義國家的軍隊也不同,因為他們的軍隊與我們的軍隊經歷不同。我們的軍隊始終要忠於黨,忠於人民,忠於國家,忠於社會主義。

《部隊要做到政治合格、軍事過硬、作風優良、紀律嚴明、保障有力》是江澤民同志1990年12月1日在全軍軍事工作會議上講話的一部分。指出,抓部隊建設,最根本的要把思想政治工作做好。要加強組織紀律性,保証部隊集中統一。軍事訓練是部隊平時培養作風、提升軍事素質、增強戰鬥力的一個主要手段,要把軍事訓練切實擺在戰略位置。軍訓也好,整個軍事工作也好,都應該抓實,隻有抓實,才能抓出效果。

《國際形勢與軍事戰略方針》是江澤民同志1993年1月13日在中央軍委擴大會議上講話的主要部分。指出,積極防禦的軍事戰略方針的基本內容是,以毛澤東軍事思想、鄧小平同志關於新時期軍隊建設的思想為根本指導,服從和服務於國家發展戰略,立足打贏一場可能發生的現代技術特別是高技術條件下的局部戰爭,加速我軍質量建設,努力提高我軍應急作戰能力,揚長避短,靈活應變,遏制戰爭,贏得戰爭,保衛國家領土主權和海洋權益,維護祖國統一和社會穩定,為改革開放和現代化建設提供強而有力的安全保証。

《中共中央關於轉發〈關於改革開放和發展社會主義市場經濟條件下軍隊思想政治建設若干問題的決定”的通知”是1999年8月24日印發的。指出,打贏未來高技術戰爭,維持人民軍隊的性質、本色和作風,是新時期黨對人民軍隊的最高政治要求。 《決定》指出,必須堅定不移地高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟,必須確保黨對軍隊的絕對領導,必須始終把思想政治建設擺在軍隊各項建設的首位,必須緊緊圍繞軍隊現代化建設這個中心,必須堅持繼承優良傳統與改革創新的統一。新的歷史條件下我軍思想政治建設的使命是:為打贏未來高技術戰爭提供強大的精神動力,為維持人民軍隊的性質、本色和作風提供可靠的政治保証。

《機械化和資訊化是我軍建設的雙重歷史任務》是江澤民同志2000年12月11日在中央軍委擴大會議上講話的一部分。指出,我們抓緊進行軍事鬥爭準備,也就抓住了當前軍隊建設的主要矛盾。要努力完成我軍機械化和資訊化建設的雙重歷史任務,著力構建適應高技術戰爭要求的現代作戰體系,堅持用改革創新精神搞好我軍以現代化為中心的全面建設,進一步完善科學決策的機制和手段。

《論中國特色軍事變革》是江澤民同志2002年12月27日在中央軍委擴大會議上的講話。指出,新軍事變革正在進入一個新的質變階段,很可能發展成為一場波及全球、涉及所有軍事領域的深刻的軍事革命,必然導致軍隊建設和作戰方式等一系列方面發生革命性變化,有可能進一步拉大我國同世界主要國家在軍事實力上的差距,增大對我國軍事安全的潛在威脅。我們要以時不我待的緊迫感,積極推進中國特色軍事變革,加快我軍由機械化半機械化向資訊化的轉變,全面提升我軍的威懾和實戰能力。

《我軍在新世紀新階段的歷史使命》是胡錦濤同志2004年12月24日在中央軍委擴大會議上講話的一部分。指出,全面分析時代發展要求和我國安全形勢變化,對於我軍在新世紀新階段的歷史使命,要從以下幾個方面加以準確把握:為黨鞏固執政地位提供重要力量保証,為維護國家發展的重要戰略機遇期提供堅強安全保障,為維護國家利益提供強大戰略支撐,為維護世界和平與促進共同發展發揮重要作用。

《向資訊化條件下軍事訓練轉變》是胡錦濤同志2006年6月27日在全軍軍事訓練會議上講話的一部分。指出,進入新世紀新階段,我軍適應戰爭形態和作戰方式發展趨勢,確立了建設資訊化軍隊、打贏資訊化戰爭的戰略目標,努力推進機械化和資訊化復合發展,軍事訓練正在經歷一場深刻變革。要根據機械化、資訊化建設實際進程和發展水平,從實際出發,分類指導,創造性開展軍事訓練,著力提高訓練質量和效果,紮紮實實推進機械化條件下軍事訓練向信息化條件下軍事訓練轉變,加速提高我軍資訊化條件下的威懾和實戰能力。

《建設與國家安全和發展利益相適應的鞏固國防和強大軍隊》是胡錦濤同志2007年12月28日在中央軍委擴大會議上講話的一部分。指出,在新的歷史起點上繼續發展中國特色社會主義,對加強國防和軍隊建設提出了新的要求。我們必須努力建設與國家國際地位相稱、與國家安全和發展利益相適應的鞏固國防和強大軍隊。富國和強軍,是發展中國特色社會主義、實現中華民族偉大復興的兩大基石。要統籌經濟建設和國防建設,在全面建設小康社會進程中實現富國和強軍的統一。

《培育當代革命軍人核心價值觀》是胡錦濤同志2008年12月24日在中央軍委擴大會議上講話的一部分。指出,當代革命軍人核心價值觀集中體現為「忠誠於黨,熱愛人民,報效國家,獻身使命,崇尚榮譽」。要堅持不懈以當代革命軍人核心價值觀引領官兵的思想和行為,引導官兵始終保持政治堅定和思想道德純潔,真正做到打得贏、不變質。要把培育當代革命軍人核心價值觀融入部隊建設方方面面,抓好思想教育、輿論引導、文化薰陶、典型示範、實踐養成、制度保障,使當代革命軍人核心價值觀為官兵普遍理解認同、自覺培養踐行。

《中共中央、國務院、中央軍委關於加強新形勢下國防教育工作的意見》是2011年4月19日印發的。指出,國防教育是建設和鞏固國防的基礎,是增強民族凝聚力、提高全民素質的重要途徑。要充分認識加強新形勢下防衛教育工作的重要性。要穩固樹立與科學發展觀要求相適應的國防觀,突顯抓好各級領導幹部的國防教育,大力推動社會各界普及國防教育,積極改進和創新國防教育的方法手段,努力為普及國防教育提供政策支持與相關保障,切實加強國防教育工作的組織領導。

《牢牢把握強軍目標,建設一支強大人民軍隊》是習近平同志2013年3月11日在十二屆全國人大一次會議解放軍代表團全體會議上講話的一部分。指出,黨在新形勢下的強軍目標是建立一支聽黨指揮、能打勝仗、作風優良的人民軍隊。聽黨指揮是靈魂,決定軍隊建設的政治方向﹔能打勝仗是核心,反映軍隊的根本職能和軍隊建設的根本指向﹔作風優良是保証,關系軍隊的性質、宗旨、本色。這個目標明確了加強軍隊建設的聚焦點和著力點,全軍要準確把握,用以統領軍隊建設、改革和軍事鬥爭準備,努力把國防和軍隊建設提高到一個新水平。

《深化國防與軍隊改革》是2013年11月12日中國共產黨第十八屆中央委員會第三次全體會議通過的《中共中央關於全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》的第十五部分。指出,要緊緊圍繞黨在新形勢下的強軍目標,著力解決制約國防和軍隊建設發展的突出矛盾和問題,創新發展軍事理論,加強軍事戰略指導,完善新時期軍事戰略方針,構建中國特色現代軍事力量體系。

《切實加強和改進新形勢下我軍政治工作》是習近平同志2014年10月31日在全軍政治工作會議上講話的一部分。指出,必須緊緊圍繞我軍政治工作的時代主題,加強和改進新形勢下我軍政治工作,充分發揮政治工作對強軍興軍的生命線作用。最緊要的是把理想信念、黨性原則、戰鬥力標準、政治工作威信四個帶根本性的東西在全軍牢固立起來。強調,堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導是強軍之魂,鑄牢軍魂是我軍政治工作的核心任務。要把握新形勢下鑄魂育人的特點和規律,著力培養有靈魂、有本事、有血性、有品德的新一代革命軍人。

《全面實施改革強軍戰略,堅定不移走中國特色強軍之路》是習近平同志2015年11月24日在中央軍委改革工作會議上講話的一部分。指出,深化國防和軍隊改革是實現中國夢強軍夢的時代要求,是強軍興軍的必經之路,也是決定軍隊未來的關鍵一招。要依照「四個全面」戰略佈局要求,以黨在新形勢下的強軍目標為引領,貫徹新形勢下軍事戰略方針,全面實施改革強軍戰略,著力解決制約國防和軍隊建設的體制性障礙、結構性矛盾、政策性問題,推進軍隊組織形態現代化,進一步解放和發展戰鬥力,進一步解放和增強軍隊活力,建設同我國國際地位相稱、同國家安全和發展利益相適應的鞏固國防和強大軍隊,為實現「兩個一百年」奮鬥目標、實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢提供堅強力量保証。強調,軍委管總、戰區主戰、軍種主建,是領導指揮體制改革的總原則。

《全面實施創新驅動發展戰略,推動國防和軍隊建設實現新跨越》是習近平同志2016年3月13日在十二屆全國人大四次會議解放軍代表團全體會議上講話的一部分。指出,創新能力是一支軍隊的核心競爭力,也是產生和提升戰鬥力的加速器。靠改革創新推動國防和軍隊建設實現新跨越,是決定我軍前途命運的關鍵。必須下大氣力抓理論創新、科技創新、科學管理、人才集聚、實踐創新,以重點突破帶動與推進全面創新,不斷開創強軍興軍新局面。

《關於軍委堅持主席負責制》是習近平同志2017年2月4日在中央軍委民主生活會上講話的一部分。指出,我們黨的製度是黨的領袖擔任中央軍委主席,就是為了確保實現黨對軍隊絕對領導。對這項制度的極端重要性,我們要從黨、國家和軍隊興旺發達、長治久安的高度來認識。主席負責制解決的是我軍最高領導權和指揮權問題,就是軍委會主席對我軍重大問題最後拍板、一錘定音。貫徹主席負責制,全軍頭腦要特別清醒、行動要特別自覺,重大問題要請示報告。

《在慶祝中國人民解放軍建軍九十週年大會上的講話》是習近平同志2017年8月1日的講話。指出,站在新的歷史起點上,必須加快把人民軍隊建設成世界一流軍隊。推進強軍事業,必須毫不動搖堅持黨對軍隊的絕對領導,確保人民軍隊永遠跟黨走﹔必須堅持和發展黨的軍事指導理論,不斷開拓馬克思主義軍事理論和當代中國軍事實踐發展新境界﹔必須始終聚焦備戰打仗,鍛造召之即來、來之能戰、戰之必勝的精兵勁旅﹔必須堅持政治建軍、改革強軍、科技興軍、依法治軍,全面提高國防和軍隊現代化水平﹔必須深入推進軍民融合發展,建構軍民一體化的國家戰略體系和能力﹔必須堅持全心全意為人民服務的根本宗旨,始終做人民信賴、人民擁護、人民熱愛的子弟兵。

《堅持走中國特色強軍之路,全面推進國防和軍隊現代化》是習近平同志2017年10月18日在中國共產黨第十九次全國代表大會上報告的一部分。指出,面對國家安全環境的深刻變化,面對強國強軍的時代要求,必須全面貫徹新時代黨的強軍思想,貫徹新形勢下軍事戰略方針,建設強大的現代化陸軍、海軍、空軍、火箭軍和戰略支援部隊,打造堅強高效的戰區聯合作戰指揮機構,建立中國特色現代作戰體系,擔當起黨和人民賦予的新時代使命任務。

《不斷開創當代中國馬克思主義軍事理論和軍事實踐發展新境界》是習近平同志2017年12月22日在中央軍委擴大會議上講話的一部分。指出,在波瀾壯闊的強軍實踐中,我們著眼於實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢,圍繞新時代建設一支什麼樣的強大人民軍隊、怎樣建設強大人民軍隊,深入進行理論探索和實踐創造,形成了新時代黨的強軍思想。明確強國必須強軍,鞏固國防和強大人民軍隊是新時代堅持和發展中國特色社會主義、實現中華民族偉大復興的戰略支撐﹔明確黨在新時代的強軍目標是建設一支聽黨指揮、能打勝仗、作風優良的人民軍隊,必須與國家現代化進程相一致,力爭到2035年基本實現國防和軍隊現代化,到本世紀中葉把人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊﹔明確黨對軍隊的絕對領導是人民軍隊建軍之本、強軍之魂,必須全面貫徹黨領導軍隊的一系列根本原則和製度,確保部隊絕對忠誠、絕對純潔、絕對可靠﹔明確軍隊是要準備打仗的,必須聚焦能打仗、打勝仗,創新發展軍事戰略指導,建構中國特色現代作戰體系,全面提升新時代備戰打仗能力,有效塑造態勢、管控危機、遏制戰爭、打贏戰爭﹔明確作風優良是我軍鮮明特色和政治優勢,必須加強作風建設、紀律建設,堅定不移正風肅紀、反腐懲惡,大力弘揚我黨我軍光榮傳統和優良作風,永葆人民軍隊性質、宗旨、本色﹔明確推進強軍事業必須堅持政治建軍、改革強軍、科技興軍、依法治軍,更重視聚焦實戰、更重視創新驅動、更重視體系建設、更重視集約高效、更加重視軍民融合,全面提升革命化現代化正規化水準﹔明確改革是強軍的必經之路,必須推進軍隊組織形態現代化,建構中國特色現代軍事力量體系,完善中國特色社會主義軍事制度﹔明確創新是引領發展的第一動力,必須堅持向科技創新要戰鬥力,統籌推進軍事理論、技術、組織、管理、文化等各方面創新,建設創新型人民軍隊﹔明確現代化軍隊必須建構中國特色軍事法治體系,推動治軍方式根本性轉變,提高國防與軍隊建設法治化水準﹔明確軍民融合發展是興國之舉、強軍之策,必須堅持發展和安全兼顧、富國和強軍統一,形成全要素、多領域、高效益軍民融合深度發展格局,建構一體化的國家戰略體系與能力。對新時代黨的強軍思想,要全面準確學習領會,毫不動搖貫徹落實。

《毫不動搖堅持黨對軍隊的絕對領導》是習近平同志2018年8月17日在中央軍委黨的建設會議上講話的一部分。指出,堅持黨對軍隊的絕對領導,首先全軍對黨要絕對忠誠。要做到對黨絕對忠誠,必須鑄牢聽黨話、跟黨走的思想根基。要加強忠誠度鑒別和政治考察,確保槍桿子牢牢掌握在對黨絕對忠誠的人手中。

《堅持並完善黨對人民軍隊的絕對領導制度,確保人民軍隊忠實履行新時代使命任務》是2019年10月31日中國共產黨第十九屆中央委員會第四次全體會議通過的《中共中央關於堅持和完善中國特色社會主義制度、推進國家治理體系和治理能力現代化若干重大問題的決定》的第十一部分。指出,黨對人民軍隊的絕對領導是人民軍隊的建軍之本、強軍之魂。中央軍委實行主席負責制是堅持黨對人民軍隊絕對領導的根本實現形式。必須牢固確立習近平強軍思想在國防和軍隊建設中的指導地位,堅持人民軍隊最高領導權和指揮權屬於黨中央,健全人民軍隊黨的建設製度體系,把黨對人民軍隊的絕對領導貫徹到軍隊建設各領域全過程。

《全面加強實戰化軍事訓練,全面提升訓練水準和打贏能力》是習近平同志2020年11月25日在中央軍委軍事訓練會議上講話的要點。指出,軍訓是部隊經常性中心工作,是產生和提升戰鬥力的基本途徑,是最直接的軍事鬥爭準備。要堅持聚焦備戰打仗,堅持實戰實訓、聯戰聯訓、科技強訓、依法治訓,發揚優良傳統,強化改革創新,加速建構新型軍事訓練體系,全面提升訓練水準和打贏能力,為實現黨在新時代的強軍目標、把我軍全面建成世界一流軍隊提供堅強支撐。

《推動新時代國防與軍隊建設取得歷史性成就、發生歷史性變革》節自2021年11月11日中國共產黨第十九屆中央委員會第六次全體會議通過的《中共中央關於黨的百年奮鬥重大成就與歷史經驗的決議》的第四部分「開創中國特色社會主義新時代」。指出,黨的十八大以來,黨提出新時代的強軍目標,確立新時代軍事戰略方針,制定到2027年實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標、到2035年基本實現國防和軍隊現代化、到本世紀中葉全面建成世界一流軍隊的國防與軍隊現代化新「三步驟」戰略,推進政治建軍、改革強軍、科技強軍、人才強軍、依法治軍,加速軍事理論現代化、軍隊組織形態現代化、軍事人員現代化、武器裝備現代化,加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展,全面加強練兵備戰,堅持走中國特色強軍之路。在黨的堅強領導下,人民軍隊實現整體性革命性重塑、重整行裝再出發,國防實力和經濟實力同步提升,一體化國家戰略體系和能力加快構建,建立健全退役軍人管理保障體制,國防動員更加高效,軍政軍民團結更加鞏固。人民軍隊堅決履行新時代使命任務,以頑強鬥爭精神和實際行動捍衛了國家主權、安全、發展利益。

《深入實施新時代人才強軍戰略》是習近平同志2021年11月26日在中央軍委人才工作會議上講話的要點。指出,人才是推動我軍高品質發展、贏得軍事競爭和未來戰爭主動的關鍵因素。實施新時代人才強軍戰略,必須把黨對軍隊絕對領導貫徹到人才工作各方面和全過程,必須把能打仗、打勝仗作為人才工作出發點和落腳點,必鬚麵向世界軍事前沿、面向國家安全重大需求、面向國防與軍隊現代化,必須全方位培養用好人才,必須深化軍事人力資源政策制度改革,必須貫徹人才強國戰略。

《貫徹依法治軍戰略,提高國防和軍隊建設法治化水準》是習近平同志2022年3月7日在出席十三屆全國人大五次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時講話的要點。指出,依法治軍是我們黨建軍治軍的基本方式,是實現黨在新時代的強軍目標的必然要求。要堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導,堅持戰鬥力標準,堅持建設中國特色軍事法治體系,堅持按照法治要求轉變治軍方式,堅持從嚴治軍鐵律,堅持抓住領導幹部這個“關鍵少數”,堅持官兵主體地位,堅持貫徹全面依法治國要求。

《實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標,開創國防和軍隊現代化新局面》是習近平同志2022年10月16日在中國共產黨第二十次全國代表大會上報告的一部分。指出,如期實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標,加速把人民軍隊建成世界一流軍隊,是全面建設社會主義現代化國家的戰略要求。必須貫徹新時代黨的強軍思想,貫徹新時代軍事戰略方針,堅持黨對人民軍隊的絕對領導,堅持政治建軍、改革強軍、科技強軍、人才強軍、依法治軍,堅持邊鬥爭、邊備戰、邊建設,堅持機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展,加速軍事理論現代化、軍隊組織形態現代化、軍事人員現代化、武器裝備現代化,提升捍衛國家主權、安全、發展利益戰略能力,有效履行新時代人民軍隊使命任務。

2023年07月31日06:27 | 來源:人民網-人民日報

中國共產黨原文來源:http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2023/0731/c1001-40046776.html

Chinese General: If hostile forces invade my network sovereignty China can use military means to fight & hack back // 中國將軍:如果敵對勢力入侵我的網絡主權,中國可以用軍事手段進行反擊和反擊

Chinese General: If hostile forces invade my network sovereignty China can use military means to fight & hack back //

中國將軍:如果敵對勢力入侵我的網絡主權,中國可以用軍事手段進行反擊和反擊

(安卫平,北部战区副参谋长)

Original: “National Defense Reference”, No. 3, 2017

The cyberspace was born in the military field. For example, the first computer, the APA network and the GPS navigation system all originated from the military. Today, cyberspace security has been closely related to national security, and the military has once again become the protagonist of maintaining national cyberspace security. Whether facing normalized network penetration or large-scale cyberattacks, it is urgent for the military to move from guarding the “network camp gate” to guarding the “network country gate”, breaking through the traditional military missions and missions, and breaking through the traditional war preparation mode. With a new network of national defense thinking, the founding of the network era of the country’s strong shield.

From the “network camp door” to the “network country door”, the new era brings a new trend of military mission

Cyberspace is not only related to the maintenance of national strategic interests, but also directly affects political, economic, cultural security and social development. It has also become the blood and link of modern battlefield joint operations. The Chinese military cannot be limited to maintaining the internal network security of the military camp. It must also actively adapt to the trend of the times and take the responsibility of the country that guards the “network country.” Network strong army is an important part of the construction of a network powerhouse. From the “network camp door” to the “network country door” is the inevitable trend of the development of the domestic and international situation in the information age.

Guarding the “network country door” is forced by the cyberspace security situation. As the first big Internet country, China’s security situation is not optimistic, and strategic opponents have never stopped preparing for our network operations. The United States, Britain, France and other countries are actively preparing for cyberspace, giving military functions through cyberspace security legislation, developing cyber warfare forces, developing cyber warfare weapons and equipment, and advancing war to the “fifth space” of mankind, especially in China. In the historical process of the rise, under the leadership of the Cold War mentality and the containment subversion strategy, Western countries have used network technology and communication methods to implement uninterrupted harassment, subversion and cyberattacks, seriously affecting China’s national security and social development, and China has gradually become The hardest hit by cybersecurity threats, the test sites for virus attacks, and the destinations of conscious penetration, national security faces enormous risks.

In the coming period, as a new emerging country, China’s conflicts of interest with other parties will intensify. Firmly promoting the network defense strategy and strengthening the operational preparation of cyberspace are the inevitable ways to actively strive for the dominance and discourse power of cyberspace, and also the rise of China. The only way to go. As the main force of national security and stability, the military must adapt to the characteristics of cyberspace characteristics, become the backbone and main force to resist network intrusion and network subversion, and safeguard national security and social stability.

Winning cyber warfare is the trend of new military revolution in the information age. As one of the most advanced productivity in the information age, network technology has made cyberspace warfare a leading factor in guiding the evolution of modern warfare and affecting the overall situation of war. In recent years, from the “seismic net” attack in Iran, the cyber warfare in the Russian-Georgian conflict, the large-scale obstruction of the Ukrainian power grid, and the cyberattack of the US military against IS, the huge role played by cyberspace in actual combat has gradually emerged, indicating that cyber warfare Has become an important style of future joint operations.

The US military attaches great importance to the construction of cyberspace armaments, the establishment of the cyberspace command, the launch of cyberspace joint operations, the extensive expansion of cyber warfare forces, the maintenance of its cyberspace hegemony, and the formation of cyberspace control capabilities as a “third offset strategy”. “Absolute advantage is the most important competitive content.

Many countries in the world have followed suit, and the trend of militarization of cyberspace is obvious. The rigorous cyberspace military struggle situation requires the Chinese military to focus on the changes in the network battlefield space, adapt to the requirements of the information war era, and achieve the strong military goal of smashing and winning in cyberspace.

Effective network warfare is an intrinsic need to accelerate the construction of a network powerhouse. In the process of China’s development from a network power to a network power, it is inseparable from the strong cyberspace military power as a guarantee. The international competition in cyberspace is a comprehensive game of the country’s comprehensive strength. Among them, the quality of network military capacity building is directly related to national security and stability, and it is the core element of the entire national security field.

At present, the interests of countries in the world in the cyberspace are mutually infiltrated, and there is a situation in which you have me, I have you, cooperate with each other, and develop together. However, this kind of common development is not equal. The US and Western powers have taken advantage of the cyberspace dominance and have already achieved certain network warfare advantages, which has made my network development and interests subject to people. How can the military fulfill its mission of defending the earth in the construction of a network-strength country? The premise is to form a network environment that can contain the crisis and control the opponent’s network attack and defense capabilities and ensure peaceful development.

Therefore, the military needs to establish a deterrent strategic goal of effective warfare, form a strategic check and balance ability that can “destroy each other” with the enemy, thereby enhancing strategic competitiveness, ending cyberspace aggression, and ensuring the smooth advancement of the network power strategy.

From “keeping the soil to the responsibility” to “protecting the net and defending the country”, the new situation requires the military to undertake new tasks.

The military is the main force and pillar of national security, and cyberspace is no exception. The National Security Law, which was enacted on July 1, 2015, stipulates: “Citizens of the People’s Republic of China, all state organs and armed forces, political parties and people’s organizations, enterprises and institutions, and other social organizations have the responsibility to safeguard national security. And obligations.” The Cyber ​​Security Law, promulgated in November 2016, emphasizes the need to maintain cyberspace sovereignty and national security.

On the basis of the laws of these two countries, on December 27, 2016, the National Cyberspace Security Strategy (hereinafter referred to as the “Strategy”) was officially launched, providing overall guidance for creating a new pattern of network powers at a new starting point. Basically follow, clearly put forward nine strategic tasks, further embodying the mission of the military in the process of building a network power.

With the national mission of protecting the network, the military must be a strong pillar to defend the cyberspace sovereignty. The first of the nine strategic tasks listed in the “Strategy” is “firmly defending the cyberspace sovereignty” and clearly proposes to “take all measures including economic, administrative, scientific, technological, legal, diplomatic, military, etc., and unswervingly maintain our network.” Space sovereignty.” It can be seen that the military must assume the military mission of using physical space and defend the national mission of the sovereign security and interests of virtual cyberspace.

Cyberspace sovereignty is the core interest of the state and an important component of national sovereignty. It indicates the independence, equal, self-defense and management power of the state in cyberspace. Once the hostile forces violated my cyberspace sovereignty, it would be equivalent to infringing on the national sovereignty of the physical space such as land, sea and air. China will have the right to take all measures including military means to give a firm response.

Internationally, the United States has long proposed a cyberspace deterrence strategy, declaring that attacks on US network information facilities are equivalent to war acts, and the United States will take military strikes to retaliate. Military means are the means of safeguarding national sovereignty and play a vital role in safeguarding national cyberspace security. Therefore, the military, air, sea and air military forces have been given the historical mission of protecting the cyberspace sovereignty. They must rely on the powerful physical space to defend the national interests of cyberspace and effectively deter the hostile forces from cyber-damaging attempts.

In accordance with the era of the Internet, the military must be the ballast stone to defend national security. The second item of the “Strategy” mission emphasizes the need to resolutely safeguard national security, prevent, deter and punish any use of the Internet for treason, secession, sedition, subversion or incitement to subvert the people’s democratic dictatorship.

In the era of information network, the military of all countries in the world has become an important participant in cyberspace. The level of cyberspace capability has become the main indicator for assessing the modernization of a country’s military. It is one of the main duties of the informationized military to carry out cyberspace missions and maintain national security.

Judging from the historical process of China’s development, it is necessary to be highly vigilant against the danger of the country being invaded, subverted, and divided in cyberspace in order to adapt to the national security strategy needs of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Highly alert to the reform caused by cyberspace. The danger of developing the overall situation is destroyed, and we are highly wary of the danger of interference and destruction in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Preventing problems before they occur requires the state to have the means to cope with and deal with these risks, and to have the powerful force to prevent, stop and legally punish cyberspace violations. Defending the country has always been an unshirkable historical responsibility of the military. The inherent mission and mission have determined that the Chinese military must assume the role of taking various measures in the cyberspace to safeguard the country’s political, economic, cultural security and social stability.

The strategic mission of both offensive and defensive, the military must be a strong backing to enhance the ability of cyberspace protection. The third and eighth items of the Nine Major Tasks in the Strategy clearly state that all necessary measures must be taken to protect key information infrastructure and its important data from attack and destruction, and that technology and management should be adhered to, protected and shocked; We will build a network space protection force that is commensurate with China’s international status and adapts to the network power. We will vigorously develop network security defense methods, timely discover and resist network intrusion, and build a strong backing for national security. Among all the political, diplomatic, military, and scientific and technological capabilities of the country to maintain security, military power has always been the foundation and support for all capabilities, the fundamental guarantee for all capabilities, and the ultimate support for national security.

Therefore, the military must undertake the strategic task of strengthening the national cyberspace protection capability. In the real society, the military is the reassurance of safeguarding national security, and it should also become the security dependence and guarantee of the people in cyberspace. As an important part of the national cyberspace protection capability, the military must achieve both offensive and defensive capabilities and a unified warfare. It has the ability to resolutely safeguard the interests and security of the country and the people in cyberspace, and effectively eliminate the various crises caused by cybersecurity threats. The turbulence of thoughts enables the people to truly feel that production and life are effectively protected and become the confidence of the people of the whole country in their confidence in the national network protection capabilities.

With the global responsibility of UNPROFOR, the military must be an important support for maintaining global cybersecurity. The last item of the “Strategy” mission clearly proposes to strengthen international cooperation in cyberspace, support the United Nations in playing a leading role, promote the development of universally accepted international rules on cyberspace, international anti-terrorism conventions on cyberspace, and improve the judicial assistance mechanism against cybercrime. International cooperation in the areas of policy and law, technological innovation, standards and regulations, emergency response, and protection of key information infrastructure.

Cyber ​​terrorism and cybercrime are new forms of global threat catalyzed by information network fermentation. They pose a huge threat to the political, economic, military and cultural security of all countries in the world. It is not enough to rely solely on the power of the government and the people. Western countries have given the military the responsibility to protect cybersecurity and the power to fight cyber terrorism. Maintaining the security and stability of global cyberspace is in the fundamental interests of China and the rest of the world. The military should become an important defender of global cyberspace security and an important force in combating global cyber terrorism and cybercrime.

The globalization and unbounded nature of the Internet determine the international demand for combating cyber terrorism and transnational cybercrime. The military should promote military cooperation in network governance between countries under the framework of the UN Security Council, and use the strategies and technologies of the network era to establish joint defense and joint defense. Mechanism to effectively safeguard the security of the national and world cyberspace.

From “field training” to “network preparation”, new areas require new preparations for the military

Under the new historical situation, cyberspace puts forward new requirements for the military training and preparation mode. It should adapt to the new characteristics of cyberspace and the new mission of the military to carry out innovative reforms on the traditional model, and take the goal of strengthening the country and strengthening the military as the overall plan, and strengthen macro-coordination. Focusing on the legal needs of military operations in cyberspace, it closely follows the natural attributes of the “military and civilian integration” of cyberspace, builds a network security attack and defense system that combines peacetime and warfare, and builds a network defense force of “military and land use”.

Legislation empowerment provides a legal basis for the military to carry out its functional mission. The countries of the world, especially the western developed countries, attach great importance to the issue of network defense in cyber security legislation. The United States has successively issued a series of policies and regulations such as “National Security No. 16 Presidential Decree”, “Network Space Action Strategy”, and has continuously deepened and standardized on how to protect national network security in the field of network defense.

At present, it is necessary to clarify the duties and responsibilities of the cyberspace military from the legal level. It should be based on the National Security Law and the Cyber ​​Security Law, and introduce the network defense law and related cyberspace military operational regulations, for the construction of the network defense field and the military. The action provides regulatory support and a program of action to make the military’s responsibilities and mission in cyberspace more specific and specific.

First, through network defense legislation to further define network sovereignty and network frontiers, clear the scope of the military’s responsibilities.

The second is to establish the operational authority of the military to defend the national cyberspace security through the construction of cyber warfare laws and regulations, and to distinguish military means against network intrusion and network destruction. Third, through the cyberspace international cooperation policy, the military will coordinate with other countries and civilian forces to combat international cyber terrorism and cybercrime.

The integration of military and civilian provides an innovative driving force for the construction of a network powerhouse. The integration of military and civilian is the main practice for the world powers to enhance the competitiveness of cyberspace. For the construction of China’s network powerhouses, building a military-civilian network security attack and defense system and developing a military-land dual-use defense information infrastructure is to inspire the innovation of military cyberspace combat capability. Source.

The first is to coordinate the military, civilian, and functional departments of the state, the military, and various levels of government, set up special command and coordination agencies, mobilize all national network forces, and build a network security attack and defense system that combines “military and civilian integration” and “peace and war.”

The second is to issue guidance on the in-depth development of cybersecurity military-civilian integration as soon as possible, and gradually carry out basic legal research and demonstration of military-civilian integration to guide the development of medium- and long-term military-civil integration.

Third, relying on the country’s existing public mobile communication network, optical fiber communication network and satellite system, the military and civilians will jointly build an information infrastructure covering the entire army of the whole country, and realize the unified construction and sharing of military and civilian.

The fourth is to establish an emergency response mechanism for military-civilian joints, increase the ability to train military authorities to control events, strengthen experts and emergency professional strength, and enhance the ability to quickly recover damaged networks or information systems.

Military-civilian joint training provides a practical environment for the generation of cyberspace military capabilities. The military-civilian sharing characteristics of cyberspace make military-civilian joint training an important means of military training in cyberspace around the world. The United States and NATO countries and other cyberspace joint military and civilian exercises have formed a series of, “network storm” and “network guards” and other exercises have attracted the participation of the government, enterprises, research institutions and even civilian hackers. Our military cyberspace military strength training also needs to attract a wide range of civil forces to participate.

First, do a good job in military and political cooperation, establish a military-civilian joint offensive and defensive drill mechanism, learn from the red-blue confrontation training methods in cyber warfare drills in developed countries such as the United States, actively build a “national network shooting range”, plan a series of joint exercises of the government and non-government organizations, and enhance the integration of military and civilian. The level of attack and defense of the network of the government and the people.

The second is to do a good job in military-enterprise cooperation, relying on net-based enterprises to set up a training field on the Internet, to promote the ability of the military and civilians to attack and defend, and jointly improve the ability to prevent unknown risks.

The third is to organize private network security companies and hacker talents, carry out network security competitions and other activities, and verify each other to jointly improve the level of network security protection technology and tactics.

The network reserve service provides a source of strength for building a powerful network army. As a backup supplement to the national defense force, reserve service has both military and civilian characteristics and is a powerful measure to realize the organic unification of cyberspace economic development and national defense construction.

First, it is led by the national security department, and overall planning is carried out according to national interests. A series of laws and regulations conducive to the construction of the network national defense reserve are introduced. From the top level, the main division of labor, promotion strategy, interest coordination, etc. of the military and civilian construction in the network defense reserve construction are solved. problem.

The second is to innovate the reserve organization and comprehensive coordination mechanism, and plan to integrate the reserve construction into all levels and fields of national network information development.

The third is to focus on the reform of the military and local management modes. Based on the management mechanisms of the provincial and municipal governments, the military, and local enterprises and institutions, establish a network of national defense reserve personnel to jointly cultivate and use the mechanism, improve the national emergency mobilization mechanism, and establish a national network defense special talent. The database will include the construction of network militia and reserve forces into the scope of mobilization of the people’s armed forces. In normal times, they will be incorporated into the militia emergency detachment for training. In an emergency, select the capable personnel to participate in the non-war military operations missions, and the wartime will be recruited according to the requirements. To transform the national defense potential into national defense strength. 

Original Mandarin Chinese:

原載:《國防參考》2017年第3期

網絡空間誕生於軍事領域,如首台計算機、阿帕網和GPS導航系統等都源於軍方,時至今日,網絡空間安全已與國家安全息息相關,軍隊又再次成為維護國家網絡空間安全的主角,無論是面對常態化的網絡滲透,還是大規模的網絡攻擊,都迫切需要軍隊從守衛“網絡營門”走向守衛“網絡國門”,突破傳統的軍隊使命任務,突破傳統的應戰備戰模式,以全新的網絡國防思維,鑄造網絡時代國之堅盾。

從“網絡營門”到“網絡國門”,新時代帶來軍隊使命新趨勢

網絡空間不僅事關國家戰略利益維護,直接影響政治、經濟、文化安全和社會發展,也成為現代戰場聯合作戰的血脈和紐帶。中國軍隊不能局限於維護軍營內部網絡安全,更要主動適應時代趨勢,勇於承擔把守“網絡國門”的國家擔當。網絡強軍是網絡強國建設的重要一環,從“網絡營門”走向“網絡國門”是信息時代國內外形勢發展的必然趨勢。

守衛“網絡國門”是網絡空間安全形勢所迫。中國作為第一網絡大國,安全狀況不容樂觀,戰略對手從未停止對我網絡作戰準備。美、英、法等國積極備戰網絡空間,通過網絡空間安全立法賦予軍隊職能,發展網絡戰部隊,研發網絡戰武器裝備,將戰爭推進到了人類的“第五空間”,特別是在中國日益強大崛起的歷史進程中,西方國家在冷戰思維和遏制顛覆戰略的主導下,利用網絡技術手段和傳播方式實施不間斷的騷擾、顛覆和網絡攻擊行動,嚴重影響我國家安全與社會發展,中國逐漸成為網絡安全威脅的重災區、病毒攻擊的試驗場、意識滲透的目的地,國家安全面臨著巨大風險。

未來一段時期內,中國作為新興大國,與各方利益衝突還將加劇,堅定推進網絡國防戰略,加強網絡空間的作戰準備,是積極爭取網絡空間的主導權和話語權的必然途徑,也是中國崛起的必由之路。軍隊作為國家安全穩定的主要力量,必須適應網絡空間特點要求,成為抗擊網絡入侵、網絡顛覆的中堅和主力,維護國家安全和社會穩定。

打贏網絡戰爭是信息時代新軍事變革所趨。網絡技術作為信息時代最先進生產力之一,使得網絡空間作戰成為引導現代戰爭形態演變的主導因素,影響著戰爭全局。近年來,從伊朗“震網”攻擊、俄格衝突網絡戰、烏克蘭電網遭大規模阻癱以及美軍對IS的網絡攻擊,網絡空間在實戰中所展現出的巨大作用逐漸顯現,預示著網絡作戰已成為未來聯合作戰重要樣式。

美軍高度重視網絡空間軍備建設,成立網絡空間司令部,推出網絡空間聯合作戰條令,大幅度擴編網絡戰部隊,極力維護其在網絡空間霸權,把對網絡空間控制能力作為形成“第三次抵消戰略”絕對優勢最重要的競爭內容。

世界多國紛紛跟進,網絡空間軍事化趨勢明顯。嚴峻的網絡空間軍事鬥爭形勢要求中國軍隊著眼網絡戰場空間變化,適應信息化戰爭時代要求,實現在網絡空間能打仗、打勝仗的強軍目標。

有效網絡懾戰是加速網絡強國建設內在所需。在中國由網絡大國向網絡強國發展過程中,離不開強大的網絡空間軍事力量作為保障。網絡空間國際競爭表現為國家綜合實力的全面博弈,其中,網絡軍事能力建設的好壞,直接關係到國家安全與穩定,牽一發而動全身,是整個國家安全領域的核心要素。

當前,世界各國在網絡空間的利益互相滲透,出現“你中有我、我中有你,互相合作,共同發展”的局面。但是這種共同發展是不對等的,美國及西方強國利用網絡空間主導權,已經取得了一定的網絡懾戰優勢,使我網絡發展及利益受制於人。軍隊如何在網絡強國建設中完成守土有責的使命重托,前提就是要形成能夠遏制危機、懾控對手的網絡攻防能力,確保和平發展的網絡環境。

因此,軍隊需要確立有效懾戰的威懾戰略目標,形成能與敵“相互摧毀”的戰略制衡能力,從而增強戰略競爭力,懾止網絡空間侵略,保障網絡強國戰略順利推進。

從“守土有責”到“護網衛國”,新形勢要求軍隊承擔新任務

軍隊是保衛國家安全的主力和柱石,網絡空間也不例外。 2015年7月1日施行的《國家安全法》規定:“中華人民共和國公民、一切國家機關和武裝力量、各政黨和各人民團體、企業事業組織和其他社會組織,都有維護國家安全的責任和義務。”2016年11月頒布的《網絡安全法》強調了要維護網絡空間主權和國家安全。

在這兩個國家法律的基礎上,2016年12月27日,《國家網絡空間安全戰略》(下文簡稱《戰略》)正式出台,為在新的起點上開創網絡強國新格局提供了總體指導和基本遵循,明確提出了九大戰略任務,進一步體現了軍隊在建設網絡強國進程中的使命任務。

全力護網的國家使命,軍隊要做捍衛網絡空間主權的堅強柱石。 《戰略》中列出的九大戰略任務首項就是“堅定捍衛網絡空間主權”,明確提出要“採取包括經濟、行政、科技、法律、外交、軍事等一切措施,堅定不移地維護我國網絡空間主權”。可見,軍隊須承擔起運用實體空間的軍事手段,保衛虛擬網絡空間主權安全和利益的國家使命。

網絡空間主權是國家的核心利益,是國家主權的重要組成,表明國家在網絡空間所擁有的獨立權、平等權、自衛權和管理權。一旦敵對勢力侵犯了我網絡空間主權,就等同於侵犯了我陸海空等實體空間的國家主權,中國將有權利採取包括軍事手段在內的一切措施給予堅決回擊。

在國際上,美國早就提出網絡空間威懾戰略,宣告對美國網絡信息設施的攻擊等同於戰爭行為,美國會採取軍事打擊措施進行報復。軍事手段是維護國家主權的保底手段,在維護國家網絡空間安全中發揮著至關重要的作用。因此,陸海空天軍事力量理所應當地被賦予了保護網絡空間主權的歷史使命,必須憑藉強大的實體空間武力保衛網絡空間的國家利益,有力震懾敵對勢力的網絡破壞企圖。

依網衛國的時代擔當,軍隊要做保衛國家安全的壓艙石。 《戰略》任務的第二項著力強調要堅決維護國家安全,防範、制止和依法懲治任何利用網絡進行叛國、分裂國家、煽動叛亂、顛覆或者煽動顛覆人民民主專政政權的行為。

信息網絡時代,世界各國軍隊都已經成為網絡空間重要參與者,網絡空間能力水平成為評估一個國家軍隊現代化程度的主要指標,遂行網絡空間使命任務、維護國家安全成為信息化軍隊的主要職責之一。

從中國發展所處的歷史進程來看,要適應全面建成小康社會決勝階段的國家安全戰略需求,必須高度警惕國家在網絡空間被侵略、被顛覆、被分裂的危險,高度警惕由網絡空間引發改革發展大局被破壞的危險,高度警惕中國特色社會主義發展進程被干擾、破壞的危險。

防患於未然,要求國家必須具有應對和處置這些危險的手段措施,具有防範、制止和依法懲治網絡空間違法破壞行為的強大力量。保衛國家歷來是軍隊不可推卸的歷史責任,固有的使命任務決定了中國軍隊必須承擔起在網絡空間採取各種措施,維護國家政治、經濟、文化安全和社會穩定的時代擔當。

攻防兼備的戰略任務,軍隊要做提升網絡空間防護能力的堅強後盾。 《戰略》中九大任務的第三項和第八項明確提出,要採取一切必要措施保護關鍵信息基礎設施及其重要數據不受攻擊破壞,要堅持技術和管理並重、保護和震懾並舉;要建設與我國國際地位相稱、與網絡強國相適應的網絡空間防護力量,大力發展網絡安全防御手段,及時發現和抵禦網絡入侵,鑄造維護國家網絡安全的堅強後盾。在國家所有維護安全的政治、外交、軍事、科技能力中,軍事力量歷來是所有能力的基礎和支撐,是所有能力的根本保障,是國家安全的最終依托。

因此,軍隊必須承擔起提升國家網絡空間防護能力堅強後盾的戰略任務。現實社會中,軍隊是維護國家安全的定心丸,在網絡空間也同樣應成為人民群眾的安全依賴和保障。軍隊作為國家網絡空間防護能力生成的重要一環,必須做到攻防兼備、懾戰一體,有能力堅決維護國家和人民在網絡空間的利益和安全,能夠有效消除網絡安全威脅造成的各種危機和思想動盪,使人民能夠切實感受到生產生活得到有效保護,成為全國人民對國家網絡防護能力充滿信心的底氣所在。

聯防聯治的全球責任,軍隊要做維護全球網絡安全的重要支撐。 《戰略》任務最後一項明確提出要強化網絡空間國際合作,支持聯合國發揮主導作用,推動制定各方普遍接受的網絡空間國際規則、網絡空間國際反恐公約,健全打擊網絡犯罪司法協助機制,深化在政策法律、技術創新、標準規範、應急響應、關鍵信息基礎設施保護等領域的國際合作。

網絡恐怖主義和網絡犯罪是經過信息網絡發酵催化出的全球威脅新形態,對世界上所有國家的政治、經濟、軍事、文化安全都構成巨大威脅,僅僅依靠政府和民間的力量是不夠的,美國等西方國家紛紛賦予軍隊保護網絡安全的職責和打擊網絡恐怖主義的權限。維護全球網絡空間安全與穩定符合中國以及世界各國的根本利益,軍隊應成為全球網絡空間安全的重要維護者,成為打擊全球網絡恐怖主義和網絡犯罪的重要力量。

網絡的全球化、無界性決定了打擊網絡恐怖主義和跨國網絡犯罪的國際需求,軍隊應在聯合國安理會的框架下,推進國家間網絡治理軍事合作,利用網絡時代的戰略和技術,建立聯防聯治機制,切實維護國家和世界網絡空間安全。

從“沙場練兵”到“網絡備戰”,新領域需要軍隊備戰新舉措

在新的歷史形勢下,網絡空間對軍隊練兵備戰模式提出了全新的要求,應適應網絡空間新特點和軍隊新使命對傳統模式進行創新改革,以強國強軍目標為統攬,加強宏觀統籌,著眼網絡空間軍事行動的法理需求,緊扣網絡空間“軍民一體”的天然屬性,建設“平戰結合”的網絡安全攻防體系,打造“軍地兩用”的網絡國防力量。

立法賦權,為軍隊遂行職能使命提供法理依據。世界各國尤其是西方發達國家在網絡安全立法上高度重視網絡國防問題。美國先後出台了《國家安全第16號總統令》《網絡空間行動戰略》等一系列政策法規,對如何在網絡國防領域保護國家網絡安全進行了不斷的深化規範。

當前,從法律層面釐清網絡空間軍隊的職責任務非常必要,應以《國家安全法》《網絡安全法》為依據,出台網絡國防法和有關網絡空間軍事作戰條令法規,為網絡國防領域建設和軍事行動提供法規支撐和行動綱領,使軍隊在網絡空間的職責和使命更加明確具體。

一是通過網絡國防立法進一步界定網絡主權和網絡邊疆,清晰軍隊的職責範圍。

二是通過網絡作戰法規建設,明確軍隊遂行保衛國家網絡空間安全的行動權限,區分應對網絡入侵、網絡破壞等行為的軍事手段。三是通過網絡空間國際合作政策,明確軍隊協同他國、民間力量等打擊國際網絡恐怖主義、網絡犯罪的職能任務。

軍民融合,為網絡強國建設提供創新動力。軍民融合是世界強國提升網絡空間競爭力的主要做法,對於中國網絡強國建設來說,構建軍民融合網絡安全攻防體系,開發軍地兩用的國防信息基礎設施,是激發軍隊網絡空間作戰能力創新的源泉。

一是統籌國家、軍隊和各級政府等軍民融合職能部門,設置專門的指揮協調機構,調動一切國家網絡力量,建設“軍民一體”“平戰結合”的網絡安全攻防體系。

二是盡快出台網絡安全軍民融合深度發展指導性意見,逐步展開軍民融合基本法律研究論證,指導中長期軍民融合發展。

三是依托國家現有公共移動通信網、光纖通信網及衛星系統,軍民共建覆蓋全國全軍的信息基礎設施,實現軍民統建、分管共享。

四是建立軍民聯合的應急響應機制,加大培訓軍地主管部門控制事態的能力,加強專家和應急專業力量,提升快速恢復受損網絡或信息系統的能力。

軍民聯訓,為網絡空間軍事能力生成提供實戰化環境。網絡空間的軍民共用特性使得軍民聯訓成為世界各國網絡空間軍事演訓的重要方式。美國及北約等國家的網絡空間軍民聯合演習已經形成系列化,“網絡風暴”“網絡衛士”等演練活動吸引了政府、企業、研究機構甚至民間黑客的廣泛參與。我軍網絡空間軍事力量訓練也需要廣泛吸引民間力量參與。

一是搞好軍政合作,建立軍民聯合攻防演練機制,借鑒美國等發達國家網絡戰演練中的紅藍對抗訓練方法,積極建設“國家網絡靶場”,策劃政府、民間機構系列聯合演習,提升軍民一體、官民一體的網絡攻防水平。

二是搞好軍企協作,在互聯網上依靠網信企業設置演練場區,促進軍民之間攻防能力磨合,共同提高防範未知風險能力。

三是組織民間網絡安全公司和黑客人才,開展網絡安全競賽等活動,互相印證,共同提高網絡安全防護技戰術水平。

網絡預備役,為建設強大網軍提供力量源泉。預備役作為國防力量的後備補充,兼有軍事和民用雙重特點,是實現網絡空間經濟發展與國防建設有機統一的有力舉措。

一是以國家安全部門為主導,依據國家利益進行統籌規劃,出台有利於網絡國防預備役建設的系列法規政策,從頂層上解決網絡國防預備役建設中軍民共建的主體分工、推進策略、利益協調等問題。

二是創新預備役組織領導體制和綜合協調機制,有計劃地把預備役建設融入國家網絡信息化發展的各個層面和各個領域。

三是著眼軍隊和地方兩頭管理模式改革,以各省市政府、軍隊和地方企事業單位的管理機制為依托,建立網絡國防預備役人才聯合培養使用機制,完善國家應急動員機制,建立國家網絡防禦專用人才數據庫,將網絡民兵和預備役部隊建設納入人民武裝動員的範圍,平時按規定編入民兵應急分隊進行訓練,急時挑選精干人員隨隊參加遂行非戰爭軍事行動任務,戰時按需要成建制徵召使用,使國防潛力轉變為國防實力。

Referring url: http://military.people.com.cn/n1/2017/0417/c1011-29215670.html

Chinese Military Informationization Trends – Cyber Integrated Battlefield // 中國軍事信息化趨勢 – 網絡綜合戰場

Chinese Military Informationization Trends – Cyber Integrated Battlefield // 中國軍事信息化趨勢 – 網絡綜合戰場

Source: PLA Daily

The army has given birth to the military and other military services. With the advent of the information age, the integration of battlefields and combat operations has made the integration of services a new trend and destination for the development of military construction.

Service integration: the general trend of informationized army construction

■Wang Xueping

The development of things often presents a spiral rising path, following the law of negation of negation. The development of human military activities, especially military construction, is also in line with this law. Before the information age, the army of the army was from one to many. The army had given birth to the sea and air. With the advent of the information age, the rapid development of technology has made the integration of military services a trend and a destination for the development of new military construction.

The future battlefield does not distinguish between land, sea and air

Under the condition of mechanization, the pattern of independent existence of land, sea, air and sky battlefields began to merge under the catalysis of the new military revolution. Multidimensional and multi-war occasions are the basic forms of the future battlefield.

The promotion of rapid development of science and technology. With the continuous development of science and technology and the improvement of mankind’s ability to control the battlefield, it is an inevitable trend that the battlefield will be dispersed from integration to integration. Science and technology are the driving force for the integration of battlefields and unlimited expansion into the air. The development of high-tech such as information technology, positioning and guidance technology has made the performance of weapons and equipment surpass the traditional land, sea and airspace boundaries. Global mobility, global arrival and global strike have become the targets of the development of the military of the world’s military power. The development of space situational awareness technology integrates surveillance, reconnaissance, intelligence, meteorology, command, control and communication, and integrates the battlefield information network to realize battlefield information sharing. Joint operations and precision strikes become the basic style of future warfare. The rapid development of space technology has made the surface information and the information of the global environment unobstructed. The expansion of the battlefield into space has condensed the traditional land, sea and air battlefields into one, becoming a stepping stone and pedal for the vast innocent space battlefield.

The inevitable evolution of the form of war. With the in-depth development of the new military revolution, the intensity of the war to informationization will further increase. Informatized warfare is not only a “speed war” but also a “precise war” and an “integrated war.” The acceleration of the war integration process is first manifested in the integration of land, sea and airspace, and the integration of the scope of the battlefield as the war develops. This is the basic condition for information warfare. The speed of war and the improvement of precision strike capability require that the military must have global maneuver, global combat and precision strike capability that transcends land, sea and air, cross-border, trans-ocean, and vacant, and battlefield integration is the basic guarantee. The war science and technology contest has intensified, and the requirements for battlefield resource sharing have become more obvious. Military personnel have broken through the geographical and military barriers and broke the boundary between land, sea and airspace. It is an important weight to win the war.

The requirements for quick fixes in combat objectives. Speed ​​and precision are the main thrust of future wars. Eliminating battlefield barriers, integrating land, sea, air, and battlefields is the way to reach a speedy battle. The quickness and determination of the purpose of informatized warfare has promoted the integration of force preparation, equipment and operations. The integration of force preparation, equipment and operations has also promoted the arrival of battlefield integration. The military system is integrated into the arms and services. The scope of action has surpassed the narrow space of a single service. The ability to operate in a wide area and in a large space makes it difficult to divide the battlefield into a land battlefield, a sea battlefield, and an air battlefield. Weapons and equipment combines the performance of land, sea and air weapons. Its combat function surpasses the land, sea and airspace range, providing material conditions and support for battlefield integration. The strategic battle tactical action is integrated into one, the joint operations are divided into groups, the small squad completes the large task, and the informatized war characteristics of the tactical action strategy purpose will inevitably catalyze the dispersed battlefield toward one.

Signs of military integration appear quietly

While the development of science and technology is promoting the rapid birth of new arms, the cohesiveness of war integration is also affecting the integration of military construction. Under the conditions of informationization, the trend of integration of arms and services is becoming more and more obvious, and there is a tendency to accelerate development.

The theory of integration theory is repeated. The fusion of theory is a prelude to the integration of the military, and it is the magic weapon and sword to win the information war. Under the impact of the new military revolution, theoretical innovations have surpassed the waves, especially the integration of theoretical innovations aimed at joint operations. In order to adapt to the new changes in the form of war and the international pattern, in the 2010 “four-year defense assessment report” of the United States, the theory of joint operations of “sea and air warfare” was clearly put forward. In order to adapt to the requirements of the network-centric warfare, the French military integration theory innovation is at the forefront. The Army proposed the air-to-ground combat bubble theory, and the Navy proposed the theory of joint action from sea to land. The Indian Army has referenced and learned from the US “air-ground integration” and “quick-decisive” operational theories, and put forward the “cold-start” operational theory. The core is to strengthen the cooperation between the army and the sea and air force in order to seek the initiative of the operation and strive for the shortest time. The purpose of the battle is achieved within.

Integrated equipment surfaced. The rapid development of science and technology has continuously enhanced the comprehensive functions of weapons and equipment, and integrated equipment integrating land, sea, air and sky has become a material support and an important driving force for the development of military services. In order to win the initiative of integrated joint operations, the world’s military powers have accelerated the research and development of integrated equipment. The US military “Independence” stealth warship, which was once popular, is a very typical new integrated equipment. The ship integrates anti-submarine, mine-clearing, surveillance, reconnaissance and force deployment functions. It can carry three helicopters, some special forces and armored vehicles, and integrates the “ground and air” equipment. The ship-borne gun can carry out three-dimensional attacks on missiles launched from air, land and underwater targets, which greatly enhances the integrated combat capability of the equipment.

The integrated forces first appeared. The future informationized warfare is an integrated joint warfare operation carried out in multi-dimensional space such as land, sea, air, sky, and information. It is required that the participating troops must be an integrated military system. To meet this requirement, the army of the world’s powerful countries has intensified the construction of integrated forces. Joint expeditionary forces such as the US military include the Army Division, the Naval Aircraft Carrier Combat Group, the Marine Corps Division (sub-) and the Air Force Fighter Wing. The Russian military formed a mobile unit that spanned three services and one independent unit, including the Army’s Mobility Division, tank division, special brigade, rocket brigade, air force fighter, attack aircraft, bomber regiment, naval marine battalion and airborne troops. Airborne division. The rapid reaction force formed by France consists of different types of divisions of five arms. In accordance with operational needs, Germany has directly organized the Defence Forces into three units: the Intervention Force, the Stabilization Force and the Support Force. It can be seen that the integrated forces of multiple arms and services have become the direction of army construction and development in the information age.

Looking into the future, planning the army of today

The integration of the services and the ultimate integration are the inherent requirements of the information war and the basic law of the army’s construction and development. This law does not shift from people’s will. In order to seek the initiative of army building, we should follow this trend and make forward-looking decisions in promoting the integration of the military.

In-depth exploration of the theory of military integration. Theory is the forerunner of action, and it is the reflection on the top of the mountain. Aiming at the trend of the times, accumulating strength and finding countermeasures through theoretical research is the experience and practice of world-class military construction and development. The first is to strengthen the theoretical exploration of integrated construction. We should study the issue of integrated military construction as soon as possible, explore the construction goals, standards, paths, methods, and methods of the integrated military, and build bridges and paved roads for the military integration. The second is to strengthen the exploration of integrated operational theory. The development trend of military integration will inevitably bring about new changes in combat theory. It is necessary to strengthen the study of the characteristics of the integrated military operations, strengthen the study of integrated military operations and command methods, strengthen the study of the basic military tactics of the integrated military, and make forward-looking theories a traction in the development of military construction. The third is to strengthen the theoretical exploration of new talent training. To train new talents that meet the needs of the development of integrated military construction needs to be prepared in theory. The institutional structure, teaching content and teaching methods of colleges and universities need to focus on the law of integrated military construction and development, theoretically research, clear, and even through pilot exploration, so that the training of college personnel can adapt to the general trend of military integration development as soon as possible. For the development of integrated military construction, it is necessary to make a good talent reserve.

Accelerate the development of integrated equipment for the military. Integrated equipment is the material basis for the integration of services. In line with the general trend of the development of integrated military construction, our military should speed up the research and development of military integrated weapons and equipment. The first is the “collection” type of equipment. For example, the aircraft carrier-style “collection” type of equipment, with the hull as the basic platform, fuses fighters, artillery, anti-aircraft guns, missiles, and chariots into one, so that the equipment has the ability to multi-domain and multi-air combat. Our military should develop such “collection” type equipment based on land or sea or air, and promote the development of weapons and equipment to the integration of various arms and services. The second is the “all-round” type of equipment. In the future, the equipment must be able to run on the ground, fly in the air, swim in the water, and operate at high speed on the water, underwater, on land, and in the air, and the “human outfit” is integrated. The combatants follow the operational needs. Become a super equipment that “takes the sea and catches the moon, and picks up the moon.”

Explore the construction of a military united army. Comply with the general trend of the integration and development of the informatized military, actively promote the exploration of the construction of the military-integrated forces, and explore ways to accumulate experience for the development of military integration. Under the current circumstances, it is mainly necessary to build a large article on the integration of hybrid force preparation and create conditions for the integration of the military system. The establishment of a multi-service hybrid pilot unit will be rolled forward in actual combat training. Take the Army as an example, it is to build a hybrid force that integrates rifle, tan, gun, and land. For example, the integrated ground detachment consisting of armored forces, artillery, machine infantry, missile corps, attack and transport helicopter detachments, which was formed by the US Army, foreshadowed the development trend of integrated force formation that broke the arms and even the service line. With the accumulation of experience, the maturity of the conditions, and the improvement of the level of science and technology, the scope of the composition of the force has gradually expanded, and eventually an integrated experimental unit with complete strengths of the arms and services has been established.

Original Mandarin Chinese:

陸軍曾孕育了海、空等軍種。信息時代的到來,戰場、作戰行動的一體化,使得軍種融合成為新型軍隊建設發展的走向與歸宿——

軍種融合:信息化軍隊建設大趨勢

■王雪平

事物的發展往往呈現著螺旋式上昇道路,遵循著否定之否定的規律。人類軍事活動發展特別是軍隊建設也暗合著這種規律要求。在信息時代以前,軍隊的軍種是從一到多,陸軍曾孕育了海、空等軍種。而信息時代的到來,技術的迅猛發展使得軍種融合成為新型軍隊建設發展的走向與歸宿。

未來戰場不分陸海空天

機械化條件下,陸、海、空、天戰場獨立存在的格局,在新軍事革命的催化下開始走向融合,多維立體、多戰場合一是未來戰場的基本形態。

科技快速發展的推動。隨著科技的不斷發展和人類對戰場控制能力的提高,戰場由分散走向融合是必然趨勢。而科學技術則是戰場融合一體,並向空天無限擴展的推動力。信息技術、定位與製導技術等高新技術的發展,使武器裝備性能超越了傳統的陸、海、空域界線,全球機動、全球到達、全球打擊成為世界軍事強國軍隊發展的目標。空間態勢感知技術的發展,使監視、偵察、情報、氣象、指揮、控制和通信等融合一體,一體化戰場信息網絡,實現了戰場信息共享,聯合作戰、精確打擊成為未來戰爭的基本樣式。太空技術的快速發展,使地表信息和地球環境信息盡收眼底,戰場向太空的拓展,使傳統的陸海空戰場濃縮為一體,成為廣闊無垠太空戰場的墊腳石與踏板。

戰爭形態演變的必然。隨著新軍事革命的深入發展,戰爭向信息化演變的力度將進一步加大。信息化戰爭,既是“速度戰爭”,又是“精確戰爭”,更是“一體化戰爭”。戰爭一體化進程的加快,首先表現為陸域、海域、空域的融合,以及隨著戰爭發展而不斷拓展的戰場空間範圍的一體化,這是進行信息化戰爭的基本條件。戰爭速度與精準打擊能力的提升,要求軍隊必須具有超越陸海空界線,跨境、跨海、騰空的全球機動、全球作戰和精確打擊能力,而戰場一體化則是基本保障。戰爭科技較量加劇,戰場資源共享的要求更加明顯,軍事人才更衝破了地域、軍種壁壘,打破陸域、海域、空域戰場界線,是贏得戰爭的重要砝碼。

作戰目的速決的要求。速度與精確是未來戰爭的主旨。而消除戰場壁壘,融陸、海、空、天戰場為一體,則是達成戰爭速決的通道。信息化戰爭作戰目的速決性,推動了部隊編制、裝備、行動的融合。而部隊編制、裝備、行動的融合,又促進了戰場一體化的到來。部隊體制編制諸軍兵種融於一體,行動範圍已超越了單一軍種的狹小空間,廣地域、大空間行動的能力,使戰場很難再分為陸戰場、海戰場和空戰場。武器裝備集陸海空天兵器性能於一身,其作戰功能超越了陸域、海域、空域範圍,為戰場一體化提供了物質條件和支撐。戰略戰役戰術行動融於一體,聯合作戰分隊化,小分隊完成大任務,戰術行動戰略目的的信息化戰爭特性,必然催化分散的戰場走向一體。

軍種融合跡象悄然出現

科技發展在推動新軍兵種快速誕生的同時,戰爭一體化的內聚力也在牽動軍隊建設走向融合。信息化條件下,軍兵種一體化的趨勢日漸明顯,大有加速發展之勢。

一體化理論見解迭出。理論融合是軍種融合的前奏,更是打贏信息化戰爭的法寶與利劍。在新軍事革命大潮衝擊下,理論創新一浪高過一浪,特別是瞄準聯合作戰需要的一體化理論創新更是見解迭出。為適應戰爭形態和國際格局的新變化,2010年度美國《四年防務評估報告》中,明確提出了“海空一體戰”聯合作戰理論。為適應網絡中心戰的要求,法國軍隊一體化理論創新更是走在了前列,陸軍提出了空地作戰氣泡理論,海軍提出了由海向陸聯合行動理論。印度陸軍參考和借鑒美軍“空地一體”和“快速決定性”作戰理論,提出了“冷啟動”作戰理論,核心是強化陸軍與海、空軍的配合作戰,以謀求作戰的主動性,爭取在最短時間內達成作戰目的。

一體化裝備浮出水面。科技的快速發展,使武器裝備的綜合功能不斷增強,融陸、海、空、天於一身的一體化裝備不斷問世,成為軍兵種編制向一體化發展的物質支撐和重要推動力。為贏得一體化聯合作戰的主動權,世界軍事強國紛紛加快了一體化裝備的研發力度。曾經熱炒的美軍“獨立號”隱形戰艦,就是非常典型的新型一體化裝備。該艦融反潛、掃雷、監視、偵察和兵力部署綜合功能於一體,可載3架直升機、一些特種部隊和裝甲車,融“地空”裝備於一身。艦載炮可對空中、陸地和水下目標發射導彈進行立體攻擊,使裝備的一體化戰鬥力大大提升。

一體化部隊初見端倪。未來信息化戰爭,是在陸、海、空、天、信息等多維空間進行的一體化聯合作戰行動,要求參戰部隊必須是一體化的軍事系統。適應這一要求,世界強國軍隊紛紛加大了一體化部隊建設的力度。如美軍組建的聯合遠征部隊包括陸軍師、海軍航母戰鬥群、海軍陸戰隊部(分)隊和空軍戰鬥機聯隊。俄軍組建的機動部隊橫跨3個軍種和1個獨立兵種,包括陸軍的摩步師、坦克師、特種旅、火箭旅,空軍的戰鬥機、強擊機、轟炸機團,海軍的陸戰隊營和空降兵的空降師。法國組建的快速反應部隊由5個軍兵種的不同類型師組成。德國則根據作戰需求把國防軍直接編組為乾涉部隊、穩定部隊和支援部隊三種性質部隊。足見,多軍兵種一體化部隊已成為信息時代軍隊建設發展的方向。

放眼未來謀劃今日之軍

軍種融合,並最終走向一體,是信息化戰爭的內在要求,是軍隊建設發展的基本規律。這一規律不以人們的意志為轉移。謀求軍隊建設的主動性,我們就應該順應這一趨勢,在推進軍隊一體化建設上前瞻決策,未雨綢繆。

深入探索軍種一體理論。理論是行動的先導,更是“山頂”上的思考。瞄準時代走向,通過理論研究積蓄力量、尋找對策,是世界一流軍隊建設發展的經驗做法。一是加強一體化建設理論探索。應儘早研究一體化軍隊建設問題,探索一體化軍隊的建設目標、標準、路徑、方式、方法,為軍隊一體化建設從理論上搭好橋樑、鋪好路基。二是加強一體化作戰理論探索。軍隊一體化發展趨勢必然帶來作戰理論的全新變化。要加強一體化軍隊作戰運用的特點規律研究,加強一體化軍隊作戰行動和指揮方法研究,加強一體化軍隊基本戰法研究,讓前瞻性的理論成為軍隊建設發展的牽引。三是加強新型人才培養理論探索。培養適應一體化軍隊建設發展需要的新型人才,需要在理論上早做準備。院校的體制格局、教學內容、教學方法都需要著眼一體化軍隊建設發展規律,從理論上研究透,搞清楚,甚至通過試點探索,使院校人才培養儘早適應軍隊一體化發展的大趨勢,為一體化軍隊建設發展需要做好人才儲備。

加速軍種一體裝備研製。一體化裝備是軍種融合的物質基礎。順應一體化軍隊建設發展的大趨勢,我軍應加快軍種一體武器裝備的研發。一是“集合”型裝備。如航空母艦式的“集合”型裝備,其以艦體為基本平台,融戰機、火砲、高炮、導彈、戰車於一體,使裝備具有海陸空天多域多空作戰的能力。我軍應研發這種以陸或海或空為基本平台的“集合”型裝備,推進武器裝備建設向諸軍兵種融合一體方向發展。二是“全能”型裝備。今後的裝備要達到地上能跑、空中能飛、水中能遊,水上水下、陸上、空天都可高速機動作戰,而且“人裝”一體,戰鬥人員根據作戰需要隨進隨出,真正成為“下海捉鱉,上天摘月”的超能裝備。

進行軍種一體部隊建設探索。順應信息化軍隊一體化建設發展的大勢,積極推進軍種一體部隊建設探索,為軍隊一體化建設發展探索路子、積累經驗。當前情況下,主要應做好建設混合型部隊編制融合的大文章,為軍種體制編制走向一體創造條件。組建多兵種混合一體試點部隊,在實戰訓練中滾動推進。以陸軍為例,就是建設融步、坦、炮、陸航等兵種於一體的混合型部隊。如,美陸軍組建的由裝甲兵、砲兵、機步兵、導彈兵、攻擊與運輸直升機分隊組成的一體化地面分隊,預示了打破兵種甚至軍種界線的一體化部隊編制的發展趨勢。隨著經驗的積累、條件的成熟,以及科技水平的提高,部隊力量構成的範圍逐漸擴大,最終組建成軍兵種力量齊全的一體化試驗部隊。

Original referring url: http://www.mod.gov.cn/mobilization/2017-07/28/