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Chinese Military Era of Intelligence Calls for Training to Transform into “Smart Warfare”

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中國軍事智能化時代要求訓練向「智慧戰爭」轉變

現代英語：

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and military revolution is developing rapidly. Disruptive technologies represented by artificial intelligence are accelerating the evolution of war to intelligent warfare. Winning intelligent warfare has gradually become the focus of military competition among powerful countries. As a pre-practice of war, military training should take a new step towards intelligence in a timely manner, realize the transformation to “intelligence”, train soldiers with “intelligence”, continuously improve the scientific and technological level and “intelligence content” of military training, and help accelerate the generation of intelligent combat capabilities.

Keeping up with the changes in the war situation, upgrading the concept of intelligent training

With the acceleration of the intelligent era, high-tech has been widely used in the military field, which is causing major changes in the concept, elements and methods of winning wars. The size of the army and the number of equipment are no longer the key to winning a war. It is imperative to upgrade the war thinking and training concepts. We should follow the development trend of intelligence with a more proactive attitude and a more open vision, and advocate new thinking in intelligent military training.

Grasp the internal mechanism of intelligent victory. The winning mechanism is the manifestation of the internal laws of war. Driven by the intelligent revolution, driven by strategic competition, and guided by war practice, the advantages of information-generated intelligence and intelligence-enabled capabilities are becoming increasingly apparent, reflected in actuarial science, jointness, systems, and other aspects. To a certain extent, it can be said that the higher the “intelligence”, the higher the quality level of combat and training can be. Therefore, an army whose training thinking remains at the mechanized level will never be able to keep up with the pace of intelligent warfare no matter how it is trained. We should have a “brain storm” with the courage of self-revolution, upgrade the concept of intelligent warfare, strengthen the theoretical research of intelligent training, deal with the problems of mechanized, informationized, and intelligent warfare with the thinking of training troops with “intelligence”, organically connect training and fighting, design wars with advanced technology, and rehearse wars with intelligent means, so as to clear up the fog of intelligent warfare.

Establish the goal of “strengthening the strong”. At present, the military of developed countries is implementing a training transformation with an emphasis on intelligence, trying to further widen the gap in combat power with the military of other countries. Once the military gap is widened, it will be difficult to make up. If you can’t keep up, you may be completely controlled by others. Only by keeping a close eye on the opponent can you surpass the opponent. We must highlight the goal of “strengthening the strong” in military training, and improve the level of military intelligence and asymmetric combat capabilities in training.

Strengthen the goal positioning of science and technology empowerment. Science and technology are the core combat power. Driven by science and technology, the combat power form has leaped from mechanical energy type and information energy type to intelligent type. Traditional siege-style large-scale troop operations are gradually withdrawing from the historical stage, and cutting-edge competition in high-tech and emerging fields is becoming increasingly fierce. If military training does not improve its scientific and technological content, it will only be able to linger at a low level and it will be difficult to open the door to intelligent warfare. To this end, we should firmly establish the concept of winning through science and technology, firmly grasp scientific and technological innovation, the “life gate” and “key point” to winning future wars, greatly improve the scientific and technological content of military training, and increase the practical application of new technologies and new means such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and big data, so as to unveil the mystery of intelligent warfare and control the initiative in future wars.

Keep up with the changes in technological development and strengthen intelligent training conditions

Intelligent training conditions are the basic support for organizing and implementing intelligent military training, and are directly related to the quality and effectiveness of intelligent training. To build an intelligent training environment, we need to keep a close eye on the development of intelligent concepts, intelligent technology, and intelligent warfare, and continue to work hard in building a training environment, innovating training methods, and cultivating new talents.

Construct a realistic battlefield environment. Intelligent warfare has a wider space, a wider range of fields, and more diverse methods. The battlefield environment construction under the conditions of simple mechanization and informatization can no longer support the needs of intelligent training. We should highlight the elite confrontation, rapid confrontation, and joint confrontation under the support of intelligent conditions, fully tap the potential of existing training methods and training venues, strengthen the application of technologies such as big data analysis, smart wearable devices, and machine “deep learning”, and effectively integrate various fields such as land, sea, air, space, electricity, and the Internet. For example, use digital maps, virtual reality and other technologies to simulate and display intuitive three-dimensional terrain, weather and complex combat situations, and construct vivid and realistic intelligent actual combat scenes.

Develop advanced training methods. Advanced training methods are helpful to improve training effectiveness. Intelligent military training should grasp the key factor of intelligent “data-centricity” and transform the latest scientific and technological achievements into training conditions. We should focus on strengthening data linkage and integration, creating a “data pool” covering strategy, campaign, and tactics, and connecting command organizations to end-users; developing data intelligent analysis tools, integrating and mining combat data with the help of advanced technologies such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence; developing intelligent training systems, increasing the construction of simulation training methods such as simulation, war game confrontation, network confrontation, and intelligent decision-making, and overall promoting the transformation and upgrading of military training methods to “technology +” and “intelligence +”.

Cultivate new military talents. No matter how the war situation evolves, people are always the real controllers and final decision-makers of war. The quality of military personnel’s intelligence level determines the quality and effect of intelligent training to a certain extent. To win the information-based local war with intelligent characteristics, we should accurately match future military needs, strengthen the intelligent training of traditional combat force talents, make good use of “technology +”, “maker +”, “think tank +” power resources, promote the integrated development of “commanders”, “combatants” and “scientists” and “technicians”, and forge a new type of professional and intelligent military talent group to achieve intelligent interaction between people and equipment, deep integration between people and systems, and extensive adaptation between people and the environment.

Strengthen support for intelligent equipment. At present, the world’s major military powers attach great importance to the development of intelligent equipment. New equipment such as unmanned “swarms” and unmanned submarines are emerging in an endless stream, supporting intelligent military training while constantly testing and improving them in training practice. To this end, we should make full use of the overall coordination mechanism of war construction, vigorously promote the “+ intelligence” of existing equipment and the “intelligent +” construction of a new generation of equipment, insist on researching, building, using and improving, and improve the intelligence level of weapons and equipment through breakthroughs in training practice. We should work on both ends to achieve a multiplier effect, shorten the timeline of weapons and equipment from “weak intelligence” to “strong intelligence” and then to “super intelligence”, and better support intelligent military training.

Keeping up with the changes in war practices, innovating intelligent training models

The combat style determines the training mode. After years of development, military intelligence has moved from theoretical exploration to battlefield practice. In recent local wars, intelligent warfare has begun to show its edge and has shown the potential to change the “rules of the game” of war. As the combat style changes, the training mode must also change and change proactively. We must keep a close eye on the characteristics of intelligent warfare, innovate intelligent military training models, and fully rehearse the next war in military training.

Highlight high-end warfare research and training. We should focus on cracking the essence of high-end warfare by strengthening the enemy, continue to deepen research on strengthening the enemy, and use the development of new combat concepts and training theories as a starting point to understand the development laws and winning mechanisms of high-end warfare. We should predict future wars and design combat styles from a high-end perspective, and pool wisdom and innovation to research unique, clever, and high-level strategies to defeat the enemy. We must emphasize key actions such as joint missile defense, target strategic campaign and tactical training to force strong organizations to defeat the strong with the weak, target practical training for asymmetric checks and balances to win decisive battles in high-end organizations, target extended training in new domains such as the far sea and far domain for all-domain confrontation organizations, seize high positions in future wars through innovative training, and develop combat capabilities that are “one step ahead in intelligence” and “one step ahead in skills” against powerful enemies.

Emphasize the training of new forces. The transformation of war from winning by force and equipment to winning by wisdom has made new combat forces a new growth pole of combat power. According to information, the US military plans to achieve intelligentization of 60% of ground combat platforms by 2030, and the Russian military expects that the proportion of intelligent weapons and equipment will exceed 30% in 2025. As the army has more and more new equipment with intelligent attributes, it should move away from the actual combat training path with new combat forces as the leading element, highlight the formation and combat use of new combat forces, carry out training methods and tactics that are compatible with the new domain combat concept and winning mechanism, increase new types of training such as unmanned combat, promote the integration of new forces into the combat system, and make new combat force resources move and come alive.

Emphasize intelligent command training. No matter how the war situation evolves, command capability is always the key to winning the war. As the intelligence level of war continues to increase, planning and command based solely on experience and personal wisdom can no longer adapt to the ever-changing battlefield situation. Artificial intelligence decision-making training has become an inevitable trend to improve the efficiency of combat mission planning, combat planning, and command and control. We should focus on commanders and command organizations, which are the key to the system’s operations, seek breakthroughs in the scientific nature, accuracy, and timeliness of command planning, and rely on new technologies such as “big data” and “AI algorithms” and new methods such as “engineering” and “one network” to promote the upgrading of command planning from “human intelligence” training to “human intelligence + intelligence” training. We should judge the enemy’s situation, formulate plans, and determine actions through actuarial and detailed calculations, so as to achieve the goal of defeating the slow with the fast and taking the lead over the enemy.

(Author’s unit: Central Theater Command)

現代國語：

曾海清

引言

當前，新一輪科技革命和軍事革命快速發展，以人工智慧為代表的顛覆性技術，正加速推動戰爭形態向智慧化戰爭演變，打贏智能化戰爭逐漸成為強國軍事競爭的焦點。軍訓作為戰爭的預實踐，應該及時邁開智能化新步伐，實現向“智”轉型、以“智”練兵，不斷提高軍事訓練科技度和“含智量”，助力智能化作戰能力加快生成。

緊跟戰爭形態之變，升級智慧化訓練概念

隨著智慧化時代的加速到來，高新技術在軍事領域廣泛應用，正引發戰爭制勝理念、制勝要素、制勝方式發生重大變化。軍隊規模、裝備數量已不再是決定戰爭勝負的關鍵，升級戰爭思想和訓練理念勢在必行。我們當以更主動的姿態、更加開放的視野，緊跟智慧化發展趨勢，倡導智慧化軍事訓練新思維。

把握智能製勝的內在機理。制勝機理是戰爭內在規律的表現。在智慧革命驅動下、戰略競爭推動下、戰爭實踐牽引下，資訊生智、以智賦能的優勢愈發顯現，體現在精算、聯合、體係等各個面向。在某種程度上，可以說「智」有多高，戰與訓的品質水準就能夠達到多高。所以，一支訓練思維停留在機械化層面的軍隊，如何訓練都不可能跟上智慧化戰爭的腳步。應該以自我革命的勇氣來一場“頭腦風暴”，升級智能化作戰理念，加強智能化訓練理論研究，以“智”練兵思維處理機械化、信息化、智能化作戰問題，把訓練和打仗有機銜接起來，用先進技術設計戰爭，用智能手段演練戰爭，從而廓清智能化戰爭的迷霧。

立起向強制強的標靶指向。目前，發達國家軍隊正實施以智慧化為重點的訓練轉型，試圖進一步拉大與其他國家軍隊的戰力代差。軍事上的代差一旦拉開將很難追回，一步跟不上就可能徹底受制於人，只有盯緊對手才可能超越對手。要把向強制強在軍訓中突出出來，在練兵中提高軍事智慧化水準和非對稱作戰能力。

強化科技賦能的目標定位。科技是核心戰鬥力。在科技驅動下，戰鬥力形態已經從機械能型、資訊能型向智能型躍升，傳統攻城略地式大兵團作戰正逐步退出歷史舞台，高科技、新興領域的尖端較量日趨激烈。軍事訓練若不提高科技含量，將只能在低層次徘徊，很難叩開智能化戰爭的大門。為此，應該樹牢科技制勝理念，緊緊抓住科技創新這一制勝未來戰爭的“命門”和“要穴”，大幅提高軍事訓練科技含量，加大人工智能、雲計算、大數據等新技術新手段的實踐運用，從而揭開智能化戰爭的神秘面紗，掌控未來戰爭主動權。

緊跟科技發展之變，建強智能化訓練條件

智能化訓練條件是組織實施智慧化軍訓的基礎支撐，直接關乎智慧化訓練質效。建構智慧化的訓練條件環境，需要我們緊盯智慧理念、智慧科技和智慧化作戰的發展，在構設訓練環境、創新訓練手段、培育新型人才等方面持續用力。

構設逼真戰場環境。智慧化作戰，空間更加廣闊、領域更廣泛、方式更加多元，單純機械化資訊化條件下的戰場環境構設已無法支撐智慧化訓練需求。應突出智能化條件支撐下的精兵對抗、快速對抗、聯動對抗，充分挖潛現有訓練手段和訓練場地功能，加強大數據分析、智能穿戴設備、機器“深度學習”等技術應用，把陸、海、空、天、電、網等各個領域有效融合起來，比如利用和地圖、虛擬現實等技術模擬顯示圖形直觀的三維空間、自然地、天誌化、天意交戰場景。

發展先進訓練手段。先進的訓練手段，有助於提升訓練成效。智慧化軍事訓練應掌握智慧化「以數據為中心」這個關鍵因素，把最新科技成果轉化為訓練條件。應注重加強數據聯動融合，打造覆蓋戰略、戰役、戰術，貫通指揮機構到末端單兵的“數據池”；開發數據智能分析工具，借助雲計算、人工智能等先進技術，整合挖掘作戰數據；開發智能演訓系統，加大模擬仿真、兵棋對抗、網絡對抗、智能裁決等模擬訓練手段建設，整體推動軍事訓練手段向“科技+”“智能+”轉型升級。

培養新型軍事人才。無論戰爭形態如何演變，人始終是戰爭的真正控制者和最終決策者。軍事人員智能化程度的優劣，某種程度上決定了智慧化訓練的品質效果。要打贏具有智慧化特徵的資訊化局部戰爭，應該精準對接未來軍事需求，加強傳統作戰力量人才智能化培育，用好“科技+”“創客+”“智庫+”力量資源，推動“指揮員”“戰鬥員”與“科學家”“技術家”融合發展，鍛造專業化、智能化的新型軍事體係與人才跨系統

強化智能裝備支撐。目前，世界主要軍事強國都高度重視智慧裝備發展，無人「蜂群」、無人潛航器等新裝備層出不窮，一邊支撐智慧化軍事訓練，一邊又在訓練實踐中不斷檢驗完善。為此，應充分用好戰建備統籌機制，大力推進現有裝備“+智能”和新一代裝備“智能+”建設，堅持邊研邊建邊用邊改，以訓練實踐突破提升武器裝備智能化水平，兩端發力實現倍增效應，縮短武器裝備從“弱智”到“強智”再到“超智”的時間軸，更好地支撐智能化軍事訓練。

緊跟戰爭實踐之變，創新智能化訓練模式

作戰樣式決定訓練模式。軍事智能化經過多年發展，已經從理論探索走向戰場實踐。近年來的局部戰爭中，智慧化作戰已經初露鋒芒，並顯現出改變戰爭「遊戲規則」的潛力。作戰樣式變了，訓練模式也要跟著變、主動變。要緊盯智慧化戰爭特點，創新智慧化軍事訓練模式，在軍事訓練中充分預演下一場戰爭。

突顯高端戰爭研練。要立足強敵打高端戰爭這個基點，突顯破解高端戰爭本質，持續深化強敵研究，以開發新型作戰概念和訓練理論為抓手，搞清高端戰爭發展規律和製勝機理。從高端的視角預判未來戰爭、設計作戰樣式，集智創新研究克敵制勝的奇招、妙招、高招。要突顯聯合反導等關鍵行動，瞄準向強制強組織以劣勝優的戰略戰役戰術訓練，瞄準決勝高端組織非對稱制衡實戰訓練，瞄準全局對抗組織遠海遠域等新域延伸訓練，在創新訓練中搶佔未來戰爭高位，形成對強敵「智高一籌」「技高一籌」的作戰能力。

突顯新質力量研練。戰爭從力勝、器勝到智勝的轉變，使得新型作戰力量成為戰鬥力新的成長極。據資料介紹，美軍計畫在2030年實現60%地面作戰平台智能化，俄軍預計2025年智慧化武器裝備佔比將超過30%。隨著軍隊具有智能屬性的新裝備越來越多，應走開以新質作戰力量為主導要素的實戰化練兵路子，突出新質作戰力量編成、作戰運用，開展與新域作戰概念、制勝機理相適應的訓法戰法，加大無人作戰等新樣式訓練，推動新質力量融入作戰體系，讓新質戰鬥力資源動起來、活起來。

突出智能指揮研練。無論戰爭形態如何演變，指揮能力始終是能打勝仗的關鍵能力。隨著戰爭智能化程度不斷提高，僅憑經驗和個人智慧進行籌劃和指揮已不能適應瞬息萬變的戰場局勢，人工智慧決策訓練已成為提升作戰任務規劃、作戰籌劃、指揮控制效率的必然趨勢。應該扭住指揮員和指揮機構這個體係作戰關鍵，在指揮籌劃科學性、精確性、時效性上求突破，依托「大數據」「AI演算法」新技術和「工程化」「一張網」新手段，推動指揮謀劃由「人智」訓練向「人智+機智」訓練升級，在精算和細算細算中決定敵情、先定行動方案。

（作者單位：中部戰區）來源：解放軍報 作者：曾海清 責任編輯：劉上靖 2022-07-21 07:00

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/491612288.html

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China’s Military Accelerating Integrated Development of Mechanization, Informatization and Intelligence

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我軍加速機械化、資訊化、智慧化融合發展

現代英語：

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee made strategic arrangements for my country’s economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period and the long-term goal of basically achieving socialist modernization by 2035. In terms of national defense and military construction, the plenary session communiqué emphasized accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence. This strategic requirement is of great significance for improving the strategic capabilities of our military to defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests, and ensuring the realization of the struggle goal of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the army by 2027 and the basic realization of national defense and military modernization by 2035.

1. Fully understand the importance of accelerating the integrated development of the “three transformations”

Accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informationization and intelligence is based on the understanding and implementation of Xi Jinping’s thoughts on strengthening the military. In his report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, President Xi pointed out that “we should accelerate the development of military intelligence and improve the joint combat capability and all-domain combat capability based on the network information system”. On the eve of the August 1st Army Day this year, President Xi presided over the 22nd collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on strengthening national defense and military modernization, and put forward the strategic idea of ​​”accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informationization and intelligence”. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee further emphasized and deployed this, and incorporated it into the 14th Five-Year Plan and the 2035 Vision Goals for implementation, which will greatly accelerate the pace of our military modernization.

On April 8, 2020, soldiers from the Sarang Border Defense Company of a border defense regiment of the Ali Military Sub-district in Tibet used drones to scout the terrain. Photo by Liu Xiaodong/Guangming Photo

In today’s world, driven by a new round of scientific and technological revolution, a new wave of military revolution is coming. Artificial intelligence, quantum information, big data, cloud computing and other cutting-edge technologies are accelerating their application in the military field. Various unmanned combat platforms and intelligent weapon equipment systems have appeared in large numbers and put into modern battlefields. The form of war is rapidly evolving towards intelligent warfare after cold weapon war, hot weapon war, mechanized war and information war. Recently, the armed conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia has presented the world with a textbook drone war. People have seen drones destroying chariots, tanks and artillery as easily as “roll calling” on the Internet. This may become another sign of the advent of intelligent warfare.

According to relevant data, at present, at least more than 70 countries in the world are developing unmanned intelligent military platforms, and some military powers are stepping up the intelligent upgrade of their armed forces. In 2019, the United States announced the “National Artificial Intelligence Strategy” and the “Department of Defense Artificial Intelligence Strategy”, and launched the implementation of intelligent strategies at the national, military, and service levels. Nearly 80% of its “Third Offset Strategy” against China and Russia is closely related to artificial intelligence technology. The United States has already developed or used a large number of smart bombs, smart missiles, drones, robot soldiers, etc. The US military plans to achieve unmanned intelligentization of 60% of its ground combat platforms by 2030.

If our army wants to achieve modernization and remain invincible, it must stand at the forefront of the new military revolution and accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informationization and intelligence. The white paper “my country’s National Defense in the New Era” released by the Chinese government last year pointed out: “China’s military transformation with Chinese characteristics has made significant progress, but the task of mechanization construction has not been completed, the level of informationization needs to be improved urgently, and military security faces the risk of technological surprise and the widening of the technological gap. The level of military modernization is still far behind the national security needs and the world’s advanced military level.” At present, the intelligent development of our army has just started, and the development of mechanization and informationization is not sufficient. However, compared with the previous military revolutions led by the West, the technological gap of our army in the new round of military revolution is not large. We must seize the opportunities of the times, conform to the current development status of our army, and accelerate the integration of intelligence while promoting mechanization and informationization.

2. Correctly understand the connotation of accelerating the integrated development of the “three transformations”

From the perspective of the process of technology promoting combat effectiveness, mechanical technology amplifies human skills, information technology extends human perception, and artificial intelligence technology expands human intelligence. Mechanization, informationization, and intelligence are essentially amplification and efficiency enhancement of human ability to control war. Although these three empowerment methods are simple and complex, backward and advanced, and single-dimensional and multi-dimensional, they are inseparable from each other and are reflected as an inseparable unity in advanced equipment. Their development is like the first generation of jet fighters focusing on breakthroughs in engines, the second generation of fighters focusing on breakthroughs in aerodynamics, the third generation of fighters focusing on breakthroughs in system integration, and the fourth generation of fighters focusing on breakthroughs in intelligence. It is a process of mutual penetration, gradual progression, orderly dependence, and inclusiveness. Without the former “one transformation”, there would be no latter “two transformations”. Intelligence is a higher form of development and undoubtedly needs to be accelerated, but this does not mean that mechanization and informationization can be avoided, because if mechanization and informationization are skipped and the focus of construction is fully shifted to intelligence, intelligence will become a “castle in the air”, and haste makes waste.

In a certain sea area, multiple types of carrier-based aircraft of the Liaoning aircraft carrier are arrayed on the deck. Xinhua News Agency

Intelligence represents advanced combat effectiveness, is the development direction of future military construction and war, and is the leader in accelerating the integration of the “three transformations”. We must take advantage of the direction of intelligence to seek a generational advantage in military construction and future operations. Informatization is the leading factor. Informatization plays a connecting role between intelligence and mechanization, and is in a dominant position in the integration of the “three transformations”. At present, information capabilities still play a major role in the generation of combat effectiveness of our army, and the informatization of weapons and equipment is still in the main aspect. We should aim at intelligence to accelerate the upgrading and transformation of informatized weapons and equipment, form an equipment system with informatized weapons and equipment as the backbone, and improve the system combat capability based on information systems. Mechanization is the foundation. Mechanization is the material basis and carrier for the development of intelligence and informatization. Intelligent technology and information technology have greatly improved the accuracy and reaction speed of weapons, but to achieve “accurate, far and fast” is inseparable from a strong combat platform and power capability, and to “hit hard” depends on the improvement of weapon power. Our army’s mechanization foundation is not strong, and it still owes a “debt” for mechanization development in the information age. It is necessary to promote the construction of new mechanization at the same time.

To accelerate the integrated development of the “three transformations”, with the focus on accelerating intelligent development, we must have a strong sense of opportunity and urgency. We cannot wait until mechanization and informatization are fully developed and then advance intelligent development step by step. Instead, we must seize the opportunities of the scientific and technological revolution and take extraordinary measures to promote intelligence.

3. Find the focus of accelerating the integrated development of the “three transformations”

Among all the reasons for backwardness, backwardness in ideology is the most fundamental. After studying the success and failure of military reforms in history, British military expert Liddell Hart said that the only thing more difficult than instilling new ideas in a soldier is to remove his old ideas. Those who can successfully keep up with the pace of changes in the form of war and successfully push forward military reforms all regard changing old ideas and establishing new ideas as their top priority. To accelerate the integrated development of the “three transformations”, we must have a brainstorming and conceptual revolution. We must have the courage to break through the mindset of mechanized warfare and even information warfare, establish ideas and concepts that are compatible with intelligent warfare, strengthen system thinking, data thinking, and algorithmic thinking, break the mindset of “winning by quantity and scale”, and firmly establish the concept of “winning by quality and efficiency”; break the mindset of “labor-intensive development” and firmly establish the concept of “intelligence-intensive development”; break the mindset of “passive use of weapons and equipment” and firmly establish the concept of “machine autonomous dominance”; break the mindset of “relying only on manned platforms for combat”, and firmly establish the concept of “unmanned, human-machine integrated platform combat”, etc., use new ideas and concepts to open up ideas for integrated development and seek ways to accelerate development.

The core of accelerating the integrated development of the “three transformations” is to accelerate the development of intelligence, and the key factor is to promote scientific and technological innovation. Whether it is hardware represented by physical entities such as combat platforms, weapons and ammunition, or software centered on combat data, algorithms, and models, all require strong scientific and technological innovation to support. Science and technology are core combat power and the most active and revolutionary factor in military development. Under the great changes that have not been seen in a century, the United States has put pressure on us in all fields, especially in the field of high-tech, increasing its blockade and containment of us. Scientific and technological innovation has never had such a profound impact on the overall national and military strategy as it does today, and has never had such a profound impact on the construction and development of our army as it does today. We must vigorously implement the strategy of strengthening the army with science and technology, put national defense scientific and technological innovation in a more prominent position, insist on demanding combat power from scientific and technological innovation, and realize the transformation from following and running side by side to running side by side and leading.

The key to accelerating the integrated development of the “three transformations” is to strengthen the support of talents. Fundamentally speaking, it is a challenge of intelligence and cutting-edge technology. In particular, with the in-depth development of intelligence, the relationship between people and weapons will inevitably be reshaped, and there will inevitably be leapfrog requirements for people’s quality. The human factor in future wars will be concentrated in the talent factor. The strength of talents determines the success or failure of development. We must implement the strategy of strengthening the army with talents, highlight the construction of key talent teams such as joint combat command talents, new combat force talents, high-level scientific and technological innovation talents, and high-level strategic management talents. We must implement the “Decision on Accelerating the Construction of a Three-in-One New Military Talent Training System” recently issued by the Central Military Commission, give full play to the main channel role of military academy education, adhere to the battlefield and the troops, update the education concept, deepen the teaching reform, and take the connotation-based development path with improving the quality of talent training as the core. We must give full play to the melting pot role of the troops’ training practice, focus on promoting knowledge transformation and capability generation, and let officers and soldiers practice skills and talents in promoting the integrated development of the “three transformations” and military struggle preparation, and experience the wind and rain and be tempered in completing urgent, difficult and dangerous tasks. We must give full play to the role of military vocational education as a large classroom, focus on improving professional literacy, professional quality, and job skills, and expand and consolidate the knowledge and ability base of new military talents through continuous learning and in-depth specialized research.

Guangming Daily (November 8, 2020, p. 05)

現代國語：

【講武堂】

作者：吳志忠（軍事科學院軍隊政治工作創新發展研究中心研究員）

黨的十九屆五中全會對十四五時期我國經濟社會發展和二〇三五年基本實現社會主義現代化遠景目標作了戰略部署。在國防和軍隊建設方面，全會公報強調加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展。這項戰略性要求對於提高我軍捍衛國家主權、安全、發展利益的戰略能力，確保二〇二七年實現百年建軍奮鬥目標、二〇三五年基本實現國防和軍隊現代化具有重要意義。

1.充分認識加快「三化」融合發展的重要性

加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，是基於對習近平強軍思想的領悟落實。習主席在黨的十九大報告中就指出，「加速軍事智能化發展，提升基於網路資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全域作戰能力」。今年八一建軍節前夕，習主席在主持中共中央政治局就加強國防和軍隊現代化建設舉行的第二十二次集體學習時，提出“加快機械化信息化智能化融合發展”這一戰略思想，黨的十九屆五中全會對此作了進一步強調部署，並納入十四五規劃和二〇三五遠景目標中加以實現以實現現代化，這必將加快發展步伐。

2020年4月8日，西藏阿里軍分區某邊防團薩讓邊防連官兵利用無人機偵察地形。劉曉東攝/光明圖片

當今世界，在新一輪科技革命推動下，新一輪軍事革命浪潮撲面而來，人工智慧、量子資訊、大數據、雲計算等前沿科技加速運用軍事領域，各種無人作戰平台和智慧化武器裝備系統大量出現並投入現代戰場，戰爭形態繼冷兵器戰爭、熱兵器戰爭、機械化戰爭、資訊化戰爭之後智能化戰爭快速演變。最近，阿塞拜疆和亞美尼亞兩國的武裝沖突，給世人呈現出一場頗具教科書意義的無人機戰爭，人們在網絡上看到無人機像「點名」一樣輕松擊毀戰車、坦克、火砲，這或許成為智能化戰爭來臨的又一時代標志。

據有關資料，目前世界上至少有70多個國家在發展無人智慧化軍用平台，部分軍事強國加緊推進軍隊智慧化升級。 2019年，美國公佈《國家人工智慧戰略》《國防部人工智慧戰略》等，啟動實施國家、軍隊、軍種層面智慧化戰略，其針對中俄的“第三次抵消戰略”，有接近80%的項目與人工智能技術密切相關，美已經大量開發或使用靈巧炸彈、智能導彈、無人機、機器人士兵等，美軍計劃到2030年60%的智能化地面作戰。

我軍要實現現代化、立於不敗之地，就必須站立新軍事革命的潮頭，加速推進機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展。我國政府去年發布的《新時代的中國國防》白皮書指出：「中國特色軍事變革取得重大進展，但機械化建設任務尚未完成，信息化水平亟待提高，軍事安全面臨技術突襲和技術代差被拉大的風險，軍隊現代化水平與國家安全需求相比差距還很大，與世界先進軍事水平相比差距還很大。差距並不大，我們要把握好時代機遇，契合我軍發展現狀，在推進機械化資訊化時加快融入智能化。

2.正確理解加速「三化」融合發展的內涵

從技術推動戰鬥力生成歷程看，機械技術放大人的技能，資訊化技術延伸人的感知，人工智慧技術拓展人的智能，機械化資訊化智能化本質上是對人駕馭戰爭的能力放大增效。這三種賦能方式雖然有簡單與復雜、落後與先進、單維與多維差別，但三者之間你中有我、我中有你，在先進裝備上體現為不可分割的統一體，其發展如同第一代噴氣式戰鬥機重在突破發動機、第二代戰鬥機重在突破空氣動力、第三代戰鬥機重在突破系統上、相互影響推進過程。沒有前“一化”就沒有後“兩化”，智能化是發展的更高形態，無疑需要加快發力，但這絕不意味著可以不要機械化信息化，因為如果跳過機械化信息化，把建設重點全面轉向智能化，智能化就會成為“空中樓閣”，反而欲速則不達。

在某海域，遼寧艦多型艦載機列陣甲板。新華社發

智慧化代表先進戰鬥力，是未來軍隊建設和戰爭的發展方向，是加快「三化」融合發展的龍頭，要以智慧化「化」出來的方向優勢，謀取軍隊建設和未來作戰的代差勝勢。資訊化是主導。資訊化在智慧化和機械化之間，起著承上啟下的作用，在「三化」融合發展過程中處於主導地位。目前，資訊能力在我軍戰鬥力生成模式中仍然起著主要作用，武器裝備資訊化建設還處於主要方面，我們應瞄準智能化加快推進信息化武器裝備升級改造，形成以信息化武器裝備為骨幹的裝備體系，提高基於信息系統的體係作戰能力。機械化則是基礎。機械化是智慧化、資訊化發展的物質基礎和載體。智慧技術、資訊技術大大提高了武器的命中精度和反應速度，但要實現「打得準、打得遠、打得快」離不開強有力的作戰平台和動力能力，而要「打得狠」則要依靠武器威力的提升。我軍機械化底子還不厚，進入資訊化時代仍欠機械化發展的“賬”，有必要同時推進新型機械化建設。

加速「三化」融合發展，重點在於加速智慧化發展，要有強烈的機遇意識與緊迫感，不能等機械化資訊化充分發展後，再按部就班推進智慧化發展，而必須抓住科技革命機遇，採取超常措施推進智慧化。

3.找準加快「三化」融合發展的著力點

在一切落後所導致的原因中，思想觀念的落後最為根本。英國軍事家利德爾·哈特在研究歷史上軍事變革的成敗後說，唯一比向軍人灌輸新觀念更難的是去除他的舊觀念。能成功跟上戰爭形態變化步伐，成功將軍事變革推向前進的，無不把改變舊觀念、樹立新觀念作為首要任務。加速「三化」融合發展，必須來一場頭腦風暴和觀念革命，要勇於突破機械化戰爭乃至信息化戰爭的思維定勢，樹立與智能化戰爭相適應的思想觀念，強化體系思維、數據思維、算法思維，破除「以數量規模取勝」的思維定勢，牢固的設備確立“支持質量支持”的被動理念；主導」的理念；破除「僅依靠有人平台作戰」的思維定勢，穩固確立「無人、人機融合平台作戰」的理念等，用新的思想觀念打開融合發展思路，謀取加快發展出路。

個人資料圖片

加速「三化」融合發展的核心是加速智慧化發展，關鍵因素是推進科技創新，無論是作戰平台、武器彈藥等物理實體為代表的硬件，還是以作戰數據、演算法、模型等為核心的軟件，無不需要強大的科技創新作支撐。科學技術是核心戰鬥力，是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性因素。在百年未有之大變局下，美對我實施全領域施壓，尤其在高新技術領域加大對我封鎖遏制。科技創新從來沒有像今天這樣深刻影響國家和軍事戰略全局，從來沒有像今天這樣深刻影響我軍建設發展。我們必須大力實施科技強軍戰略，把國防科技創新放在更突出的位置，堅持向科技創新要戰鬥力，實現由跟跑並跑向並跑領跑轉變。

加快「三化」融合發展的要害的是強化人才支撐，從根本上說是智能力和前沿科技的挑戰，特別是隨著智能化深入發展，人與武器的關係必將重塑，對人的素質必然有跳躍式要求，未來戰爭中人的因素，將集中體現為人才因素，人才的強弱決定著發展的成敗。我們要深入實施人才強軍戰略，突顯強化聯合作戰指揮人才、新型作戰力量人才、高層次科技創新人才、高水準戰略管理人才等重點人才隊伍建設。要貫徹落實中央軍委最近剛剛印發的《關於加快推進三位一體新型軍事人才培養體系建設的決定》，發揮軍隊院校教育的主渠道作用，堅持面向戰場、面向部隊，更新教育理念，深化教學改革，走以提高人才培養質量為核心的內涵式發展道路。要發揮部隊訓練實踐的大熔爐作用，聚焦促進知識轉化、能力生成，讓官兵在推進「三化」融合發展和軍事鬥爭準備中練本領、長才幹，在完成急難險重任務中經風雨、受歷練。要發揮軍事職業教育的大課堂作用，圍繞提升職業素養、專業品質、崗位技能，在持續學習、專項深研中，拓展夯實新型軍事人才知識與能力基礎。

《光明日報》（ 2020年11月08日 05版）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ss_208539/9932394888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #軍事資訊化與智慧化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, 認知域戰

Chinese Military Emphasis on Essential Aspects of Integrated Development of Mechanization, Informatization and Intelligence

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我軍重視機械化、資訊化、智慧化融合發展關鍵點 

現代英語：

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, while emphasizing the need to accelerate the modernization of national defense and the military and achieve the unity of enriching the country and strengthening the military, pointed out that we should accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence (hereinafter referred to as the “three modernizations”), thereby raising the requirements for the integrated development of the “three modernizations” to a strategic level. We should conscientiously implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, carry out scientific strategic positioning, strategic planning, and strategic deployment for the integrated development of the “three modernizations”, vigorously promote the integrated development of the “three modernizations” to expand in depth and breadth, and accurately grasp the essential connotation of the integrated development of the “three modernizations”.

The historical background of the integrated development of the “three transformations”

The parallel advancement, mutual promotion and integrated development of the “three transformations” have profound historical inevitability and are the only way for our military to modernize its national defense and the armed forces in the future period.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” is consistent with the concept of mechanization and informationization. Since the late 1990s, our army has timely proposed to promote the integrated development of mechanization and informationization. At that time, the form of war was changing from mechanization to informationization. National defense and military construction must take the road of leapfrog development. There is no need to wait until the entire process of mechanization construction of the military of developed countries is completed before engaging in informationization. We should strive to promote the integrated development of mechanization and informationization. We should strive to leapfrog certain stages of mechanization development, and at the same time learn from the mistakes of mechanization and informationization construction of the military of developed countries, and take as few detours as possible. The experience and lessons learned from the integrated development of national defense and military mechanization and informationization provide valuable experience for how to coordinate the integrated development of the “three transformations” at this stage.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” reflects the reality of the current “multiple coexistence” of war forms. In today’s world, a new wave of military revolution characterized by military intelligence is coming, and the armies of major countries in the world are striding towards the threshold of intelligence. However, due to the imbalance in the development of scientific and technological levels and military strength among countries in the world, several local wars and armed conflicts in the world have shown the characteristics of “multiple coexistence” of mechanized, informationized and intelligentized wars. In the Syrian war, low-end and cheap civilian pickup trucks danced with high-end and expensive stealth aircraft, and crudely made homemade rockets flew with high-precision cruise missiles. The highly informationized and intelligentized U.S. and Russian armies, the Syrian and Turkish armies with relatively high mechanization levels, and the opposition with very low mechanization levels jointly performed an alternative “hybrid war” on the Syrian battlefield, in which the three war forms of mechanized warfare, informationized warfare and primary intelligent warfare overlapped with each other.

The integrated development of the “three modernizations” is in line with the current stage characteristics of the country’s social and economic development. my country’s path to modernization is very different from that of Western developed countries. Western developed countries are a “serial” development process, with industrialization, urbanization, agricultural modernization, and informatization developing in sequence, and it took more than 200 years to develop to the current level. my country’s development is bound to be a “parallel” process, with industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization developing in a superimposed manner. The country’s social and economic foundation is the basic support for national defense and military construction. It is precisely the “parallel” development characteristics of my country’s current social economy that determine that national defense and military construction must adopt the “three modernizations” integrated development mode.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” adapts to the current level of development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence in the military. After long-term efforts, our military has basically achieved mechanization, and has made significant progress in informatization. It is also facing opportunities and challenges of intelligence. The special national conditions and military conditions make it impossible and impossible for our military to copy the development path of the military of Western developed countries represented by the US military. “Step-by-step” development may lead to the loss of the historical opportunity to promote the accelerated completion of mechanization and informatization through intelligence, and to lead and promote the development of mechanization and informatization to a higher stage.

The report of the 19th CPC National Congress pointed out that “we should accelerate the development of military intelligence, improve the joint combat capability and all-domain combat capability based on the network information system”, “basically realize mechanization by 2020, make significant progress in informatization, and greatly enhance strategic capabilities”, “strive to basically realize the modernization of national defense and the army by 2035, and build the people’s army into a world-class army by the middle of this century”. On the eve of the August 1st Army Day this year, President Xi Jinping proposed the strategic idea of ​​”accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence” when presiding over the 22nd collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on strengthening the modernization of national defense and the army. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee further emphasized and deployed this, and incorporated it into the 14th Five-Year Plan and the 2035 Vision Goal for implementation, indicating that the requirements for the integrated development of the “three modernizations” have been elevated to the strategic overall level and have become an important guiding ideology for leading national defense and military construction.

The essential connotation of the integrated development of “three transformations”

The “integration” in the “three transformations” does not mean mixing, combining or compounding. The word “integration” in the physical sense means melting or melting into one; in the psychological sense, it means that different individuals or groups become one after a certain collision or contact, and their cognition, emotions or attitudes become one. The integrated development of the “three transformations” in national defense and military construction refers to the coordinated and coordinated mutual tolerance, mutual penetration and mutual promotion of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, from “you are you and I am me” to “you have me and I have you”, and then to “you are me and I am you”, reaching the level of perfect integration and unity, and thus producing superposition effect, aggregation effect and multiplication effect, and achieving a qualitative leap in overall combat effectiveness.

The basic laws and main characteristics of the integrated development of the “three transformations”. The main ones are: First, the “three transformations” are progressive and orderly dependent. From a chronological perspective, the “three transformations” did not originate at the same time. Without the previous “transformation” as a premise, foundation and input, there would be no occurrence and development of the next “transformation”. The previous “transformation” provides an important material basis for the next “transformation”. Second, the “three transformations” overlap and penetrate each other. Informatization is not the end of mechanization. There is still a certain degree of mechanization in the process of informatization. Intelligence is not the end of mechanization and informatization. There is still a certain degree of informatization and mechanization in the process of intelligence. Third, intelligence and informatization empower mechanization with virtual control and real efficiency. The “real” here mainly refers to the hardware represented by physical entities such as combat platforms and ammunition, and the “virtual” mainly refers to software with combat data, algorithms, etc. as the core. Mechanization is mainly based on hardware construction, while informatization and intelligence are mainly based on software construction. “Software defines everything”, and hardware is optimized, upgraded, empowered and increased through software. With the in-depth development of the integration of the “three transformations”, the construction priority will be payload surpassing platform, software surpassing payload, and algorithm surpassing software.

The internal mechanism and driving mechanism of the integrated development of the “three transformations”. The main ones are: First, the superposition of advantages. Practice has proved that no matter whether it is mechanization, informatization or intelligence, each supporting technology group of “transformation” will give birth to new weapons and equipment, generate new combat forces, and ultimately form new combat capabilities with different combat mechanisms. These new combat capabilities and the original combat capabilities are combined with advantages to produce a system emergence effect, greatly enhancing the overall combat capability of the army.

The second is upgrading and expansion. Informatization aggregates and upgrades mechanized combat systems into informationized combat systems through digital transformation and network connection of various mechanized combat platforms, making a qualitative leap in combat effectiveness. Intelligence can also be integrated with mechanization and informatization through upgrading and expansion. On the one hand, the “brain” of the combat platform, the control system, is upgraded using intelligent technology to promote the control mode of unmanned combat platforms such as drones, unmanned boats, and unmanned ground vehicles, and is upgraded in a progressive manner according to the direct human operation mode, human assistance mode, human authorization mode, fully autonomous mode, and machine adaptive mode. After some old combat platforms are upgraded through informatization and intelligent transformation, they can also be remotely controlled and work in coordination with manned platforms. On the other hand, the informationized combat system is optimized and upgraded using intelligent technology, so that its information acquisition, transmission, processing, sharing, security and other aspects of its capabilities are greatly enhanced, and the system combat capability is once again comprehensively improved.

The third is to make up for shortcomings and replace them. From the history of military construction, in the process of deepening development of a certain “ization”, bottleneck problems that are difficult to solve by its own technical system often appear, and other “ization” technical means and development ideas are urgently needed to find a new way to solve them. At present, machinery is becoming more and more sophisticated and complex, and the difficulty of design and control is increasing; informatization leads to “information explosion”, massive data is generated, rapidly spread, true and false are mixed, and it is increasingly difficult to quickly convert them into useful information. These problems are difficult to be effectively solved within the technical system of mechanization and informatization itself. To break through the bottleneck of mechanical control ability and information processing ability, the use of intelligent technical means is an important option. Conversely, the technological breakthroughs and applications generated by the previous “ization” may also offset the shortcomings of the latter “ization”. For example, the speed of hypersonic missiles can exceed the reaction capability of the informationized defense combat system to achieve rapid penetration, and high-energy microwave weapons can directly destroy networks and electronic equipment, which to a certain extent offset the opponent’s information advantage.

現代國語：

黨的十九屆五中全會在強調加速國防和軍隊現代化，實現富國和強軍相統一時指出，加快機械化資訊化智能化（以下簡稱「三化」）融合發展，從而把「三化」融合發展要求提升到了戰略全局高度。認真貫徹落實十九屆五中全會精神，對「三化」融合發展進行科學的戰略定位、戰略規劃和戰略部署，大力推動「三化」融合發展向深度廣度拓展，要準確把握好「三化」融合發展的本質內涵。

「三化」融合發展的時代背景

「三化」並行推進、互促共生、一體發展，具有深刻的歷史必然性，是我軍未來一段時期國防和軍隊現代化建設的必經之路。

「三化」融合發展與機械化資訊化複合發展概念一脈相承。自上世紀90年代末期以來，我軍及時提出推動機械化資訊化複合發展。當時，戰爭形態正由機械化轉變為資訊化。國防和軍隊建設必須走跨越式發展的道路，沒有必要等到走完發達國家軍隊機械化建設的全部過程再來搞資訊化，應該努力推進機械化和資訊化的複合發展。既要努力跨越機械化發展的某些階段，同時還要吸取發達國家軍隊機械化和資訊化建設失誤教訓，盡可能少走彎路。國防與軍隊機械化資訊化復合發展的經驗教訓，為如何統籌現階段「三化」融合發展提供了寶貴經驗。

「三化」融合發展反映了當前戰爭形態「多態並存」的現實狀況。當今世界，以軍事智能化為特徵的新一輪軍事革命浪潮撲面而來，世界主要國家軍隊正大步向智能化的門檻邁進，但由於世界各國科技水平和軍事實力發展的不平衡，使得在幾次世界局部戰爭和武裝沖突中，呈現出機械化信息化智能化戰爭“多態並存”的特點。在敘利亞戰爭中，低端廉價的民用皮卡與高端昂貴的隱身飛機共舞，粗製濫造的土製火箭與高精度的巡航導彈齊飛，高度信息化並向智能化邁進的美軍、俄軍，較高機械化水平的敘軍、土軍，以及機械化水平很低的反對派，在敘利亞戰場共同演繹了機械化戰爭、信息化戰爭和初級相互智能化戰爭和初級相互智能化的戰爭形態相互化。

「三化」融合發展符合當前國家社會經濟發展的階段性特徵。我國實現現代化之路同西方發達國家有很大不同。西方發達國家是一個「串聯式」的發展過程，工業化、城鎮化、農業現代化、資訊化順序發展，發展到目前水準花了二百多年時間。我國發展必然是一個「並聯式」的過程，工業化、資訊化、城鎮化、農業現代化是疊加發展的。國家社會經濟基礎是國防和軍隊建設的基本依托，正是當前我國社會經濟的「並聯式」發展特點，決定了國防和軍隊建設必然採取「三化」融合發展方式。

「三化」融合發展適應了當前軍隊機械化資訊化智慧化發展水準。經過長期努力，當前我軍基本上實現機械化，資訊化建設取得重大進展，又面臨智慧化的機會與挑戰。特殊的國情軍情，使得我軍不可能也不會複製以美軍為代表的西方發達國家軍隊的發展路徑。 「按部就班」式發展可能導致錯失智能化促進加速完成機械化資訊化、並引領和推動機械化資訊化向更高階段發展的歷史機遇。

黨的十九大報告指出，「加速軍事智慧化發展，提高基於網絡資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全域作戰能力」「到二○二○年基本實現機械化，資訊化建設取得重大進展，戰略能力有大的提升」「力爭到二○三五年基本實現國防和軍隊現代化，到本世紀中葉把人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊」。今年八一建軍節前夕，習主席在主持中共中央政治局就加強國防和軍隊現代化建設舉行的第二十二次集體學習時，提出「加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展」這一戰略思想，黨的十九屆五中全會對此做了進一步強調部署，並納入十四五景規劃和二○三五年遠景目標中加以落實，引領著「三化」指導了全球重要防禦主義的全球重要戰略發展到重要官員發展到重要官員發展到重要的發展戰略。

「三化」融合發展的本質內涵

「三化」融合中的「融合」不等於混合、化合或複合。 「融合」一詞，物理意義上是指熔成或如熔化那樣融成一體；心理意義上是指不同個體或不同群體在一定的碰撞或接觸之後，認知、情感或態度傾向融為一體。國防和軍隊建設中的「三化」融合發展，則是指統籌協調機械化資訊化智能化相互​​包容、相互滲透、相互促進，從“你是你、我是我”變成“你中有我、我中有你”，進而變成“你就是我，我就是你”，達到水乳交融、合而為一的程度，並由此產生一倍效應、聚合效應和升力的整體效應。

「三化」融合發展的基本規律與主要特點。主要有：一是「三化」逐次遞進有序依存。從時序來看，「三化」不是同時起源的，沒有前一「化」作為前提、基礎和輸入，就沒有後一「化」的發生和發展，前一「化」為後一「化」提供了重要的物質基礎。二是「三化」相互交疊相互滲透。資訊化不是機械化的終結，資訊化過程中還有一定的機械化，智慧化也不是機械化、資訊化的終結，智慧化過程中還有一定的資訊化、機械化。三是智慧化資訊化對機械化以虛控實賦能增效。這裡所說的「實」主要是指以作戰平台、彈藥等物理實體為代表的硬件，「虛」主要是指以作戰數據、演算法等為核心的軟件。機械化以硬體建設為主，資訊化和智能化則以軟件建設為主，“軟件定義一切”，通過軟件對硬體進行優化升級和賦能增效。隨著「三化」融合的深入發展，在建設優先級上，將會是載荷超越平台、軟件超越載荷、演算法超越軟件。

「三化」融合發展的內在機理與驅動機制。主要有：一是優勢疊加。實踐證明，不管是機械化、資訊化或智慧化，每一「化」的支撐技術群都會催生出新型武器裝備，產生新型作戰力量，最終形成不同作戰機理的新質作戰能力。這些新質作戰能力與原有作戰能力綜合運用優勢疊加，能夠產生系統湧現效應，極大提升軍隊整體作戰能力。

二是升級拓展。資訊化透過對各類機械化作戰平台進行數字化改造和網絡化鏈接，將機械化作戰體系聚合升級為信息化作戰體系，使得戰鬥力產生質的飛躍。智能化也可透過升級拓展方式，與機械化、資訊化融為一體。一方面，運用智慧技術升級作戰平台的「大腦」──操控系統，推動無人機、無人艇、無人地面車輛等無人化作戰平台的控制方式，依照人類直接操作模式、人類協助模式、人類授權模式、完全自主模式、機器自適應模式的逐次遞進方式升級。一些老舊作戰平台進行資訊化智慧化改造升級後，也可以實現遙控操作並與有人平台協同作戰。另一方面，運用智慧技術優化升級資訊化作戰體系，使其資訊取得、傳輸、處理、分享、安全等各個環節能力都大幅增強，體係作戰能力再次全面提升。

三是補短替代。從軍隊建設歷史來看，某一「化」在深化發展過程中，往往會出現僅靠自身技術體系難以解決的瓶頸問題，迫切需要其他「化」的技術手段和發展思維另闢蹊徑來加以解決。當前，機械越來越精密復雜，設計和控制難度越來越大；信息化導致“信息爆炸”，海量數據產生、急劇擴散、真假混雜，快速轉化為有用信息的難度越來越大，這些問題在機械化、信息化自身技術體系內難以得到有效解決。要突破機械操控能力、資訊處理能力瓶頸，運用智慧化的技術手段是重要選項。反過來說，前一「化」產生的技術突破及應用也可能抵消後一「化」的不​​足。如高超聲速導彈速度可以超出資訊化防禦作戰體系的反應能力實現快速突防，高能量微波武器可直接破壞網絡和電子設備等，這都在一定程度上抵消了對手的信息優勢。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4874873888.html