Category Archives: #Artificial #Intelligence

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Chinese #Quantum #technology, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #quantum computing warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Intelligent Warfare, quantum computing warfare, 量子計算戰爭

Chinese Military Reflections on the Application of AI in Human-Machine Integrated Combat

Leave a comment

中國軍方對人工智慧在人機一體化作戰中應用的思考

現代英語：

The principle of training troops to fight future battles is a fundamental tenet of military strategy throughout history. An army that does not study and predict warfare is a foolish army, destined to fail when war strikes.

To date, there have been four major military transformations in the world: the first was the shift from primarily using wooden and stone weapons to primarily using metal weapons; the second was the shift from primarily using cold weapons (metal weapons) to primarily using firearms (gunpowder weapons); the third was the shift from firearms to mechanized weapons; and the fourth occurred after the 1990 Gulf War, when warfare shifted from primarily using mechanized weapons to primarily using precision-guided weapons, driving the transformation of military development from mechanization to informatization.

The fourth military revolution, also known as the new military revolution by academics, involves the world’s major military powers engaging in comprehensive competition in areas such as information technology, network technology, precision-guided technology, aerospace technology, new energy technology, biotechnology, and stealth technology. This competition has now culminated in the pursuit of advantages in big data, cloud computing, and intelligent robots, aiming to create real-life versions of “Iron Man,” “Batman,” and “Terminator.” The revolution is actively promoting the transformation of military construction from informatization and networking to intelligentization and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) deployment. The military is developing towards a lean, small, efficient, intelligent, and integrated “human-machine (robot/UAV)” model, seeking to enable robot soldiers, UAVs, and human soldiers to fight together.

According to statistics, the militaries of more than 60 countries worldwide have already equipped themselves with military robots, encompassing over 150 different types. It is projected that by 2040, half of the world’s major military powers may be comprised of robots. In addition to the US, Russia, the UK, France, Japan, Israel, Turkey, and Iran, which have already launched their own robot warriors and drones, other countries are also investing in the research and development of unmanned weapons, which will inevitably give rise to unmanned combat forces.

The term “unmanned combat force” is a general term for combat robots or battlefield killing robot systems. With the development of various information-based, precision-based, and data-driven weapons and equipment, intelligent platforms have become the driving force for pre-designed battlefields, combat robots have become the main force on the battlefield, and the combination of “human and machine” confrontation has become the key to defeating the enemy. In the future, the battlefield space forces will highlight the development trend of three-dimensional unmanned operation and human-machine integration across land, sea, and air.

In combat command and control, AI can automatically and rapidly generate combat plans. War is fought, but it is also designed. With the emergence of various information-based, precision, and intelligent weapons and equipment, and the widespread application of artificial intelligence, big data, and 5G networks, the future battlefield will essentially achieve integrated “human-machine” collaborative combat, inevitably revolutionizing traditional combat methods. Intelligent platforms, leveraging the advantages of big data, will become the behind-the-scenes directors of pre-designed battlefields, providing more accurate predictions and technical parameters, making future battlefield design more precise and efficient. Using AI technology, by inputting elements such as the deployment of enemy and friendly forces, equipment performance, personnel numbers, and battlefield environment into the combat command information system template, AI-based combat plans can be quickly generated for commanders’ operational decision-making. If commanders feel something is amiss and want to fight a battle they are confident of winning, they can also use intelligent simulated combat laboratories, employing artificial intelligence, big data, 5G networks, and simulation equipment and materials, to simulate the technical performance of enemy and friendly weapons and equipment, battlefield conditions, personnel quality, and combat actions, to test and refine the scientific and rational nature of the war design scheme, striving to find the optimal combat plan. 5G’s massive machine-to-machine communication capabilities can be combined with artificial intelligence to accelerate the comprehensive analysis and systematic research of combat effectiveness elements and combat processes using new intelligent algorithms, and to quickly derive combat capability assessment indices. This provides technical means for the large-scale use of unmanned weapons.

AI-generated combat plans differ from traditional automated combat command systems, though they share some similarities, they also have fundamental differences. In a sense, both are automated systems, but combat command automation, by inputting various combat elements, aims to output combat command decisions—these are essentially fixed. AI-generated combat plans, however, are different. The input combat elements can be fixed or variable, but the output is invariably unpredictable, almost entirely unpredictable. For example, even with the same total number of elements and parameters, different input orders will generate different results, potentially producing unexpected outcomes—this is the essence of artificial intelligence.

In terms of surprise in warfare, the coordinated operations of drones or manned aircraft have ushered in a new era. Night warfare, whether in the past or modern, has been a more effective way to achieve tactical and operational surprise. Today, night warfare is even more favored by informationized and intelligent armies. At night and in the early morning, people are in a state of sleep or semi-awakeness, and are relatively tired or complacent. Therefore, launching a war at this time makes it easier to achieve surprise. In the Kosovo War, the US launched its airstrikes at 8 PM. In the Afghan War, the US launched its airstrikes late at night. In the Iraq War, after launching its airstrikes at 5:36 AM, the US extensively used various means, including space reconnaissance satellites, aerial reconnaissance aircraft, and ground reconnaissance, to build a comprehensive information reconnaissance network system covering the air, space, and ground, firmly controlling “information superiority” and ensuring the smooth conduct of air strikes and nighttime ground military operations. With the development of night vision equipment and the increasing sophistication of night warfare methods, night and early morning have become common means of achieving surprise in air strikes. Seizing the favorable opportunities of darkness and early morning to launch surprise air strikes is the spark that will ignite future wars. Before the outbreak of future wars, unmanned reconnaissance aircraft will cooperate with manned high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft and space satellites to conduct reconnaissance of enemy forward and deep-space targets. In particular, once a drone detects a target, it can quickly transmit image information such as the target’s location and size to its own command center, drone operator, or manned aircraft pilot for decision-making reference and to issue long-range strike orders. During the Gulf War, multinational forces deployed drones to conduct day and night reconnaissance over Iraqi front-line positions, providing real-time images and guiding ground troops to destroy Iraqi positions. During the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan last year, Armenian media released a video showing the Armenian army using the Seahawk-10 drone to guide ground artillery attacks on Azerbaijani infantry units. In the video, the Armenian army’s Seahawk-10 drone transmitted information about a group of soldiers advancing in skirmish lines detected at high altitude to the drone operator. After several zoom-in confirmations, the drone operator used the drone to collect data on the target and transmit it to the artillery at the rear. After receiving the target coordinates, the Armenian artillery first conducted multiple single-shot test firings. The Seahawk-10 UAV then conducted real-time assessments of the test firing results in the air and promptly adjusted the target coordinate parameters to transmit to the Armenian artillery for concentrated and precise firing.

In future wars, drones are poised to replace conventional fighter jets, becoming one of the mainstays of aerial warfare. Their ability to execute precise, real-time strikes will revolutionize the traditional manned aircraft-based surprise attack methods employed in the dark or early morning. Currently, the UK is developing a new high-tech unmanned stealth fighter with stealth capabilities. It can test and drop munitions over multiple targets and defend itself against attacks from other manned and unmanned aircraft. Even without ground command, it can communicate with command centers via satellite and operate autonomously, executing precision strikes against long-range targets. Thus, drones, as a rapidly emerging force, have evolved from “reconnaissance and support” to “offensive protagonists.” They not only effectively supplement satellite reconnaissance but also perform diverse combat missions such as long-range reconnaissance, border patrol, target identification, electromagnetic interference, supply delivery, precision strikes, autonomous strikes, integrated reconnaissance and strike operations, and damage assessment. They are destined to become the vanguard in future wars.

On the land battlefield, unmanned tanks, unmanned armored vehicles, and combat robots are charging to the front lines, forming mixed formations with ground soldiers to fight collaboratively. To execute battlefield missions more efficiently and reduce casualties, future battlefields may see a large number of unmanned vehicles such as tanks, armored vehicles, and logistics transport vehicles. Leveraging the high speed, low latency, and interconnectivity of 5G networks, these vehicles can autonomously traverse various complex terrains and obstacles without human intervention, making instantaneous decisions to effectively ensure safety and reliability. Land robots can not only perform offensive and defensive combat missions but also deliver ammunition, medical supplies, and food, conduct patrols, and carry out reconnaissance and surveillance. Unmanned tanks allow soldiers to remotely control them, automatically load ammunition, and autonomously conduct indirect precision strikes. In 2019, Russia tested a robotic system called “Wooden Boat” to unify the command of several military robots. The Russian military and robotics research institutions also conducted collaborative exercises with newly developed combat robots, achieving good results and summarizing training methods in practice. According to Russian media reports, Russia is preparing to establish a combat robot force, a completely new type of military unit. These robots can achieve maximum automation, requiring minimal human intervention and essentially completing battlefield combat missions independently. Russian military-industrial complexes will begin developing the “Comrade” and “Assault” robot systems, composed of medium and heavy robots respectively, starting in 2020. They are currently working to improve the performance of some robots to better enable them to perform tasks in urban and coastal environments. In August 2015, on the Syrian battlefield, in addition to deploying traditional combat forces, the Russian military deployed for the first time a fully-fledged robot combat company, primarily composed of unmanned combat platforms, to conduct positional assault operations. Employing a new combat model of mixed manned and unmanned formations, they captured a high ground that Russian soldiers would find difficult to conquer in just 20 minutes, achieving a victory with zero casualties and 77 enemy kills. On April 21, 2018, the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) special forces launched a raid against extremist terrorist groups, publicly deploying armed unmanned combat vehicles equipped with machine guns as the vanguard for the first time. Following large-scale testing of combat robots at an event called “Autonomous Warrior 2018,” the British Army has unified drones, unmanned vehicles, and combat personnel as a common practice for world-class militaries in the coming decades. The US Army, having formally established unmanned platoons, plans to form unmanned combat brigades and has already developed a standardized set of hardware and software. Once installed on vehicles, these can be remotely controlled, even semi-autonomously, automatically following predetermined routes or choosing the smoothest, most direct path, or driven by a human driver. One emerging project, the “optional manned tank,” aims to propel the Army into a new generation of joint operations. It may be capable of firing lasers, controlling drones, high-speed maneuvering, destroying enemy helicopters, penetrating enemy armored formations, and performing highly lethal robotic combat missions against enemy fire. The US Army has also made rapid progress in manned-unmanned combined arms operations. This means that robotic systems will increasingly operate with greater autonomy, while still being commanded and controlled by human decision-makers. Robotic vehicles deployed at the front lines can directly attack enemy mechanized formations at close range, launch weapons, perform high-risk surveillance missions, and deliver munitions when necessary. The U.S. Marine Corps tested its unmanned combat vehicle, nicknamed “Hunter Wolf,” in Arizona. Equipped with a 30mm M230LF “short-barreled” chain gun, the vehicle conducted a rapid-fire live-fire demonstration, achieving a perfect 6-for-6 hit. The “Hunter Wolf” is 2.3 meters long, 1.4 meters wide, and 1.17 meters high, weighing only 1.1 tons, yet capable of carrying a 450-kilogram modular combat payload. It uses a hybrid electric system, offering a maximum range of 100 kilometers without refueling, a top speed of 32 kilometers per hour, a maximum endurance of 72 hours, and the ability to climb slopes with a gradient of 30 degrees.

In the naval battlefield, unmanned ghost fleets, composed of unmanned surface and underwater vessels, are mixed with manned fleets and operate in coordinated formations. Since the 1990s, the increasing application of artificial intelligence and big data in the military field has ushered in a true golden age for unmanned surface and underwater vessels, giving rise to underwater robots (AUVs) and surface robots (ASVs). Various unmanned submarines and unmanned underwater vehicles perform a variety of tasks such as underwater search, reconnaissance, and mine clearance. Unmanned warships can travel thousands of miles and perform various maritime combat missions without onboard personnel. After the Iraq War in 2003, countries around the world saw the great potential and broad prospects of unmanned marine systems, which also reduce manpower and improve combat effectiveness, thus initiating a competition to build unmanned ghost fleets. Israel, as a country that places particular emphasis on reducing soldier casualties, took the lead in launching the development of modern “Protector” unmanned surface vessels, which are used to patrol the Lebanese coast and monitor Hezbollah activities and deployments. France and Russia already possess manned submersible research vessels capable of diving to depths of 6,000 meters. Japan has proposed a concept for the “Shinkai 12000,” a new manned submersible research vessel capable of diving to the world’s deepest point. Following its “Future Maritime Aviation Acceleration Day” event, the UK continues to develop a “plug-and-play” autonomous maritime platform development system. This system, once integrated into Royal Navy vessels, will simplify the acquisition and use of automation and unmanned technologies.

In the aerial battlefield, drones and manned aircraft are mixed in formation and cooperate in combat. In 2019, approximately 30 countries worldwide had developed over 50 types of drones, and more than 50 countries had deployed drones. The main types include: cryptographic drones, multi-functional drones, AI-powered drones, long-endurance drones, anti-missile drones, early warning drones, stealth drones, micro drones, air combat drones, mapping drones, aerial photography drones, armed drones, and drone wingmen. With the widespread application of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data in the military field, the performance of equipment on drones is constantly improving. They will integrate multiple functions such as reconnaissance, fire correction, surveillance, battle result assessment, target identification, attack guidance, radio relay, and ground attack. They can conduct electronic jamming and deception at long distances from the enemy, and can also autonomously attack important ground targets when necessary. The future aerial battlefield will essentially realize unmanned or human-machine (drone) cooperative air strikes, or autonomous drone air strikes, which will inevitably revolutionize traditional air combat methods. In the future, fighter pilots will control unmanned attack aircraft or bombers from their cockpits to evade enemy air defense systems, while offensive forces will receive real-time intelligence data more quickly—all thanks to the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence technology. In future air strikes, swarms of drones will swarm in, using sophisticated instruments for detection, reconnaissance, and counter-reconnaissance. Once they lock onto targets, they will calmly launch missiles, possessing integrated reconnaissance and strike capabilities, autonomous attack, and human-machine collaborative strike capabilities. The Russian Aerospace Forces will equip themselves with heavy attack drones capable of maneuvering around enemy air defense systems without command, autonomously searching for and striking the most important targets, and then retreating safely back to base. This aircraft will be equipped with artificial intelligence components and can be remotely controlled by Su-57 fighter jets. According to RIA Novosti, the Russian S-70 “Hunter” heavy attack drone can attack targets according to instructions issued from Su-57 stealth fighter jets. Currently, the control station where the “Hunter” ground operators are located is equipped with joysticks, keyboards, and several multi-function LCD screens, similar to those used in manned fighter jets. These screens display various information transmitted from the “Hunter’s” onboard systems and sensors. In the near future, this ground-based remote control equipment may achieve full automation. The S-70 “Hunter” UAV, developed by the Sukhoi Design Bureau, is designed and manufactured based on a flying wing aerodynamic layout. According to public information, the “Hunter” is 14 meters long, has a wingspan of 19 meters, and a takeoff weight of 20 tons. The “Hunter” has a maximum speed of 1000 kilometers per hour and uses stealth materials to reduce its radar cross-section (detection signal). The “Hunter’s” first flight was on August 3, 2019. Reportedly, as part of the flight test program, the first prototype of the “Hunter” has begun weapons testing: including test flights with a functional simulator carrying air-to-air missiles, and bombing ground targets at the Ashuluk test range. Currently, the Novosibirsk Chkalov Aircraft Plant is building three more “Hunter” UAV prototypes. Russia has completed combat formation flights of its multi-role fifth-generation Su-57 fighter jets and heavy “Hunter” reconnaissance and combat drones. These drones will be organized into multiple air regiments, likely joining Su-57 air regiments. The plan is for 2-3 Su-57 squadrons to each have a drone squadron, operating together and employing new strategies and artificial intelligence elements. The UK also plans to enable a single manned aircraft to simultaneously command five drones, while France plans to achieve mixed formation operations of Rafale fighter jets and Neuron drones.

The use of drones for military reconnaissance began in the 1960s and has been widely applied in various wars. During the Vietnam War, the US military deployed over 3,000 drone sorties for reconnaissance, with over 1,000 failing to return safely and disappearing without a trace. In the Gulf War, multinational forces deployed drones day and night to reconnoiter Iraqi frontline positions, providing real-time imagery and guiding ground troops to destroy Iraqi positions. In the Bosnian War, the US military used Predator drones to monitor the withdrawal of Serbian heavy weapons from Sarajevo and provided a wealth of target data for aircraft participating in airstrikes. In the Kosovo War, the US military deployed over 100 drones for battlefield reconnaissance and surveillance, contributing significantly to the 78-day air campaign. In the US operations against the Taliban, the US military used unmanned attack aircraft, carrying weapons, for the first time in actual combat. On September 14, 2019, after an attack on a Saudi Aramco oil company’s “world’s largest oil processing facility” and oil field, the Houthi rebels in Yemen claimed responsibility, stating they used 10 drones to attack the facility. On January 3, 2020, Qassem Soleimani, commander of the Quds Force of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, was killed in a US drone strike on Baghdad International Airport in the early morning. In late 2020, drones played a significant role in the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh. Many military experts were particularly impressed by the videos released by the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense showing TB-2 “Standard” drones, recently purchased from Turkey, and Harop suicide drones, purchased from Israel, attacking Armenian armored vehicles, artillery, cars, and even infantry positions. While the videos clearly show the targets destroyed by the drones, the visual impact of the attacks was undeniably striking. The localized conflicts that occurred in the Middle East and the South Caucasus last December demonstrate the growing role of drones. No wonder some military strategists have even predicted that the 21st century will be the “golden age” for drone development, with drones inevitably replacing manned fighter jets and becoming the “protagonists of the battlefield” in the 21st century.

It can be predicted that future wars will inevitably see unmanned land, sea and air weapons replacing soldiers in performing high-risk missions, and the future battlefield will inevitably be a joint operation combining “human” and “machine”.

Combat-driven training means building an army based on how battles are fought. Future military equipment, whether tanks, robots, or drones, will likely take many forms. Future military personnel must be proficient in intelligent technologies, big data applications, and cloud computing, and master the programming methods for controlling intelligent robots and drones. The future army will inevitably be a “human-machine” integrated force, establishing “human-machine” integrated platoons, companies, combat simulation centers, adversary units, special forces, intelligent command headquarters, and unmanned battalions, regiments, and brigades. At that time, military commanders may have one human and one robot as assistants or deputies. Platoon and company commanders will gradually be replaced by robots, and robots will gradually transition from human control to autonomous decision-making or mind control via human brain cells. As early as the 2014 Brazil World Cup, a paralyzed teenager wearing a “mechanical exoskeleton armor” kicked the first ball through mind control. Today, the technology of mind control over objects or experimental animals is becoming increasingly sophisticated.

In future warfare, it will become possible for a small number of soldiers to lead a massive swarm of unmanned robots, such as bees, ants, or schools of fish, to carry out combat missions. Through thought-based group control, soldiers’ mission comprehension and battlefield control capabilities can be greatly enhanced, enabling efficient identification of friend or foe, remote real-time command, intelligent mission planning, and efficient autonomous collaboration. The Russian Foundation for Future Research states that they have mastered brain-computer interface technology for controlling machines through thought. Previously, British researchers developed a brain-computer interface device for controlling a spacecraft simulator; when worn on a test subject, it successfully controlled the flight of a model spacecraft. However, there is still a long way to go before soldiers can effectively control complex unmanned combat swarms using this technology. Military camps may also see further changes. Troop management may involve one or a few military commanders leading teams of multiple or even dozens of intelligent robots with different tasks to complete tasks previously performed manually. Alternatively, military training may involve a single military commander in a command and control center, using video to control all intelligent robots in the training field for adversarial training, or remotely controlling robot commanders to issue new training instructions, adjust mission deployments, and change training grounds in real time.

現代國語：

000

訓練軍隊應對未來戰爭的原則是軍事戰略縱觀歷史的根本信條。一支不研究和預測戰爭的軍隊是愚蠢的軍隊，注定在戰爭爆發時失敗。 迄今為止，世界經歷了四次重大軍事變革：第一次是從主要使用木製和石製武器轉向主要使用金屬武器；第二次是從主要使用冷兵器（金屬武器）轉向主要使用火器（火藥武器）；第三次是從火器轉向機械化武器；第四次發生在1990年海灣戰爭之後，戰爭從主要使用機械化武器化為使用機械化武器轉型，從主要使用機械化武器轉型為機械化武器化從主要使用機械化武器到了主要使用機械化武器轉型，從主要使用機械化武器化向武器化，從主要使用機械化武器轉變為從主要使用機械化武器轉型，從主要使用機械化武器轉向了主要使用機械化武器轉變為主要使用機械化武器。 第四次軍事革命，也被學術界稱為新軍事革命，指的是世界主要軍事強國在資訊科技、網路技術、精確導引技術、航空航天技術、新能源技術、生物技術和隱身技術等領域展開全面競爭。這場競爭如今已演變為對大數據、雲端運算和智慧機器人領域優勢的爭奪，旨在打造現實版的「鋼鐵人」、「蝙蝠俠」和「終結者」。這場革命正積極推動軍事建設從資訊化和網路化向智慧化和無人機（UAV）部署轉型。軍隊正朝著精簡、小型化、高效化、智慧化和一體化的「人機（機器人/無人機）」模式發展，力求實現機器人士兵、無人機和人類士兵的協同作戰。 根據統計，全球已有超過60個國家的軍隊裝備了軍用機器人，涵蓋150多種不同類型。預計到2040年，世界主要軍事強國中將有一半以上由機器人組成。除了美國、俄羅斯、英國、法國、日本、以色列、土耳其和伊朗等已推出各自機器人戰士和無人機的國家外，其他國家也在加大對無人武器研發的投入，這必將催生無人作戰力量。 「無人作戰力量」一詞是對作戰機器人或戰場殺傷機器人系統的統稱。隨著各種資訊化、精確化和數據驅動型武器裝備的發展，智慧平台已成為預先設計戰場的驅動力，作戰機器人已成為戰場上的主力，而「人機」結合的對抗已成為擊敗敵人的關鍵。未來，戰場空間力量的發展趨勢將凸顯陸海空三維無人作戰與人機融合的趨勢。 在作戰指揮控制方面，人工智慧可以自動、快速地產生作戰計畫。戰爭既是打仗，也是設計。隨著各種資訊化、精確化、智慧化武器裝備的出現，以及人工智慧、大數據和5G網路的廣泛應用，未來戰場將基本實現「人機」協同作戰，勢必革新傳統作戰方式。智慧平台將利用大數據優勢，成為預先設計戰場的幕後指揮者，提供更精準的預測和技術參數，使未來戰場設計更加精準高效。利用人工智慧技術，將敵我兵力部署、裝備性能、人員數量、戰場環境等要素輸入作戰指揮資訊系統模板，即可快速產生基於人工智慧的作戰計劃，供指揮官進行作戰決策。如果指揮官感覺情況不對勁，想要打一場有把握取勝的仗，他們還可以利用智能模擬作戰實驗室，運用人工智能、大數據、5G網絡以及模擬設備和材料，模擬敵我武器裝備的技術性能、戰場環境、人員素質和作戰行動，檢驗和完善作戰設計方案的科學性和合理性，力求找到最優作戰計劃。 5G海量的機器間通訊能力可以與人工智慧結合，利用新的智慧演算法加速對作戰效能要素和作戰過程進行綜合分析和系統研究，並快速得出作戰能力評估指標。這為無人武器的大規模應用提供了技術手段。 儘管人工智慧產生的作戰計畫與傳統的自動化作戰指揮系統有所不同，但呃，它們之間有一些相似之處，但也存在根本性的差異。從某種意義上說，兩者都是自動化系統，但作戰指揮自動化透過輸入各種作戰要素，旨在輸出作戰指揮決策——這些決策本質上是固定的。然而，人工智慧產生的作戰計畫則不同。輸入的作戰要素可以是固定的，也可以是可變的，但輸出總是不可預測的，幾乎完全不可預測。例如，即使要素和參數的總數相同，不同的輸入指令也會產生不同的結果，甚至可能產生意想不到的後果——這正是人工智慧的本質。

就戰爭的奇襲性而言，無人機或有人駕駛飛機的協同作戰開啟了一個新時代。無論過去或現在，夜戰都是實現戰術和作戰奇襲的更有效方式。如今，資訊化和智慧化的軍隊更加青睞夜戰。在夜間和清晨，人們處於睡眠或半清醒狀態，相對疲倦或麻痺大意。因此，此時發動戰爭更容易取得奇襲效果。在科索沃戰爭中，美國於晚上8點發動空襲；在阿富汗戰爭中，美國於深夜發動空襲；在伊拉克戰爭中，美國於凌晨5點36分發動空襲後，廣泛運用包括太空偵察衛星、空中偵察機和地面偵察在內的各種手段，構建覆蓋空中、太空和地面的綜合信息偵察網絡系統，牢牢掌握“信息優勢”，確保空襲和夜間地面軍事行動的順利進行。隨著夜視裝備的發展和夜戰手段的日益精進，夜間和清晨已成為空襲取得奇襲效果的常用手段。抓住夜幕和清晨的有利時機發動突襲，將成為未來戰爭的導火線。在未來戰爭爆發前，無人偵察機將與有人駕駛高空偵察機和太空衛星協同作戰，對敵方前線目標和深空目標進行偵察。特別是，一旦無人機發現目標，便可迅速將目標的位置和大小等影像資訊傳輸至己方指揮中心、無人機操作員或有人駕駛飛機飛行員，供其決策參考並下達遠端打擊指令。在海灣戰爭期間，多國部隊部署無人機對伊拉克前線陣地進行晝夜偵察，提供即時影像並引導地面部隊摧毀伊拉克陣地。去年亞美尼亞和阿塞拜疆衝突期間，亞美尼亞媒體發布了一段視頻，顯示亞美尼亞軍隊使用“海鷹-10”無人機引導地面砲兵對阿塞拜疆步兵部隊進行攻擊。影片中，亞美尼亞軍隊的「海鷹-10」無人機將高空偵測到的正在散兵線上推進的士兵群的訊息傳輸給了無人機操作員。經過多次放大確認後，無人機操作員利用無人機收集目標數據並將其傳輸至後方砲兵部隊。亞美尼亞砲兵部隊收到目標座標後，先進行了多次單發試射。隨後，海鷹-10無人機對試射結果進行空中即時評估，並迅速調整目標座標參數，將其傳輸至亞美尼亞砲兵部隊，以便進行集中精確射擊。

在未來的戰爭中，無人機有望取代傳統戰鬥機，成為空中作戰的主力之一。它們執行精確即時打擊的能力將徹底改變傳統的有人駕駛飛機在夜間或清晨進行的突襲方式。目前，英國正在研發一種新型高科技隱形無人戰鬥機，該戰鬥機具備隱身能力。它可以對多個目標進行彈藥測試和投放，並能防禦來自其他有人駕駛和無人駕駛飛機的攻擊。即使沒有地面指揮，它也能透過衛星與指揮中心通信，自主作戰，精確打擊遠程目標。因此，無人機作為一股迅速崛起的力量，已從「偵察支援」發展成為「進攻主力」。它們不僅能有效補充衛星偵察，還能執行多種作戰任務，例如遠程偵察、邊境巡邏、目標識別、電磁幹擾、物資補給、精確打擊、自主打擊、偵察打擊一體化作戰以及損毀評估。它們注定將成為未來戰爭的先鋒。

在陸戰場上，無人坦克、無人裝甲車和作戰機器人正衝鋒陷陣，與地面部隊組成混合編隊。為了更有效率地執行戰場任務並減少傷亡，未來的戰場上可能會出現大量無人車輛，例如坦克、裝甲車和後勤運輸車。借助5G網路的高速、低延遲和互聯互通特性，這些車輛無需人工幹預即可自主穿越各種複雜地形和障礙物，並能瞬間做出決策，從而有效確保安全性和可靠性。陸地機器人不僅可以執行進攻和防禦作戰任務，還可以運送彈藥、醫療用品和食品，進行巡邏以及執行偵察監視任務。無人坦克允許士兵遠端操控，自動裝填彈藥，並自主進行間接精確打擊。 2019年，俄羅斯測試了一套名為「木船」的機器人系統，用於統一指揮多個軍用機器人。俄羅斯軍事和機器人研究機構也利用新開發的作戰機器人進行了協同演習，取得了良好的成果，並總結了實踐中的訓練方法。根據俄羅斯媒體報道，俄羅斯正準備組建一支作戰機器人部隊，這是一個全新的軍事單位。這些機器人能夠實現高度自動化，只需極少的人工幹預，即可基本獨立完成戰場作戰任務。俄羅斯軍工企業將於2020年開始研發「同志」（Comrade）和「突擊」（Assault）機器人系統，分別由中型和重型機器人組成。目前，他們正致力於提升部分機器人的效能，使其更適應城市和沿海環境。 2015年8月，在敘利亞戰場上，除了部署傳統作戰部隊外，俄羅斯軍隊首次部署了一支完整的機器人作戰連，主要由無人作戰平台組成，用於執行陣地突擊作戰。他們採用了一種新型的有人與無人混合作戰模式，僅用20分鐘就奪取了一處俄軍士兵難以攻克的製高點，最終以零傷亡和77名敵軍陣亡的戰果取得勝利。 2018年4月21日，俄羅斯聯邦安全局（FSB）特種部隊對極端恐怖組織發動突襲，首次公開部署配備機槍的武裝無人作戰車輛作為先鋒。在名為「自主戰士2018」的活動中，英國陸軍進行了大規模的作戰機器人測試，並將無人機、無人車輛和作戰人員的整合作為未來幾十年世界一流軍隊的通用做法。美國陸軍已正式組成無人排，並計劃組成無人作戰旅，並已開發出一套標準化的軟硬體。這些無人作戰車輛一旦安裝在車輛上，即可進行遠端控制，甚至可以半自主地按照預定路線自動行駛，或選擇最平坦、最直接的路徑，也可由人類駕駛員駕駛。一項名為「可選載人坦克」的新興計畫旨在推動美國陸軍邁入新一代聯合作戰時代。它可能具備發射雷射、控制無人機、高速機動、摧毀敵方直升機、突破敵方裝甲陣地以及執行高殺傷力機器人作戰任務的能力，並能對抗敵方火力。美國陸軍在有人-無人聯合兵種作戰方面也取得了快速進展。這意味著機器人系統將越來越多地以更高的自主性運行，同時仍由人類決策者指揮和控制。部署在前線的機器人車輛可以近距離直接攻擊敵方機械化部隊，發射武器，執行高風險偵察任務，並在必要時投放彈藥。美國海軍陸戰隊在亞利桑那州測試了其代號為「獵狼」（Hunter Wolf）的無人作戰車輛。該車輛配備了一門30毫米M230LF“短管”鍊式機炮，進行了速射實彈演示，實現了6發全中的完美成績。 「獵狼」長2.3米，寬1.4米，高1.17米，重量僅1.1噸，卻能攜帶450公斤的模組化作戰載重。它採用混合動力系統，無需加油即可最大航程100公里，最高時速32公里，最大續航時間72小時，並具備30度爬坡能力。

在海戰中，由無人水面艦艇和無人水下艦艇組成的無人幽靈艦隊與有人艦隊混合編隊作戰。自1990年代以來，人工智慧和大數據在軍事領域的日益廣泛應用，為無人水面艦艇和無人水下艦艇開啟了真正的黃金時代，催生了水下機器人（AUV）和水面機器人（ASV）。各種無人潛水艇和無人水下航行無人艦艇可執行多種任務，例如水下搜索、偵察和掃雷。無人戰艦無需人員即可航行數千英里，執行各種海上作戰任務。 2003年伊拉克戰爭後，世界各國看到了無人海上系統的巨大潛力和廣闊前景，這些系統不僅能減少人力投入，還能提高作戰效能，因此各國競相建造無人「幽靈艦隊」。以色列特別重視減少士兵傷亡，率先啟動了現代化「保護者」（Protector）無人水面艦艇的研發，這些艦艇用於巡邏黎巴嫩海岸，監視真主黨的活動和部署。法國和俄羅斯已經擁有能夠下潛至6000公尺深度的載人潛水器。日本提出了「深海12000」的概念，這是一種新型載人潛水器，能夠下潛至世界最深處。繼「未來海上航空加速日」活動之後，英國繼續推動「即插即用」型自主海上平台開發系統。該系統一旦整合到英國皇家海軍艦艇上，將簡化自動化和無人技術的取得和使用。

在空中戰場上，無人機和有人駕駛飛機混合編隊戰鬥。 2019年，全球約30個國家已研發出50多種類型的無人機，超過50個國家已部署無人機。主要類型包括：密碼無人機、多功能無人機、人工智慧無人機、長航時無人機、反導無人機、預警無人機、隱形無人機、微型無人機、空戰無人機、測繪無人機、空拍無人機、武裝無人機和僚機無人機。隨著人工智慧和大數據等先進技術在軍事領域的廣泛應用，無人機裝備的效能也不斷提升。它們將整合偵察、火力校正、監視、戰果評估、目標識別、攻擊導引、無線電中繼和對地攻擊等多種功能。它們能夠遠距離對敵進行電子乾擾和欺騙，並在必要時自主攻擊重要地面目標。未來的空中戰場將基本實現無人或人機（無人機）協同空襲，或自主無人機空襲，這將徹底革新傳統的空戰方式。未來，戰鬥機飛行員將在座艙內操控無人攻擊機或轟炸機，以規避敵方防空系統，而進攻部隊將更快地獲取即時情報數據——這一切都得益於人工智慧技術的快速發展。在未來的空襲中，成群的無人機將利用先進的偵測、偵察和反偵察設備進行攻擊。一旦鎖定目標，它們將沉著冷靜地發射飛彈，具備一體化的偵察打擊能力、自主攻擊能力以及人機協同打擊能力。俄羅斯空天軍將裝備重型攻擊無人機，該無人機無需指令即可繞過敵方防空系統，自主搜索並打擊重要目標，然後安全撤回基地。這種無人機將配備人工智慧組件，並可由蘇-57戰鬥機遠端操控。根據俄羅斯新聞社報道，俄羅斯S-70「獵人」重型攻擊無人機能夠根據蘇-57隱形戰鬥機發出的指令攻擊目標。目前，「獵人」地面操作員所在的控制站配備了操縱桿、鍵盤和多個多功能液晶顯示屏，類似於有人駕駛戰鬥機上使用的設備。這些螢幕顯示來自「獵人」機載系統和感測器的各種資訊。在不久的將來，這套地面遠端控制設備有望實現完全自動化。 S-70「獵人」無人機由蘇霍伊設計局研發，採用飛翼式氣動佈局。根據公開消息，「獵人」無人機長14米，翼展19米，起飛重量20噸。 「獵人」最大飛行速度為1000公里/小時，並以隱身材料降低雷達反射截面積（探測訊號）。 「獵人」於2019年8月3日首飛。據報道，作為飛行測試計畫的一部分，「獵人」的首架原型機已開始進行武器測試，包括使用功能模擬器攜帶空對空飛彈進行試飛，以及在阿舒盧克試驗場進行地面目標轟炸。目前，新西伯利亞契卡洛夫飛機製造廠正在建造另外三架「獵人」無人機原型機。俄羅斯已完成其第五代多用途無人機的編隊飛行。蘇-57戰鬥機和重型「獵人」偵察/作戰無人機將被編入多個航空團，很可能與蘇-57戰鬥機團並肩作戰。計畫是每個蘇-57中隊配備一個無人機中隊，共2-3個蘇-57中隊協同作戰，並採用新的戰略和人工智慧技術。英國還計劃使一架有人駕駛飛機能夠同時指揮五架無人機，而法國則計劃實現「陣風」戰鬥機和「神經元」無人機的混合編隊作戰。

無人機在軍事偵察中的應用始於1960年代，並在各種戰爭中廣泛使用。在越戰期間，美軍出動無人機執行了3000多次偵察任務，其中超過1000架次未能安全返回，從此杳無音訊。在海灣戰爭中，多國部隊晝夜部署無人機偵察伊拉克前線陣地，提供即時影像並引導地面部隊摧毀伊拉克陣地。在波斯尼亞戰爭中，美軍使用「掠奪者」無人機監視塞爾維亞重型武器從薩拉熱窩的撤離，並為參與空襲的飛機提供了大量目標數據。在科索沃戰爭中，美軍部署了100多架無人機進行戰場偵察和監視，為持續78天的空襲行動做出了重大貢獻。在美軍打擊塔利班的行動中，美軍首次在實戰中使用了攜帶武器的無人攻擊機。 2019年9月14日，在沙烏地阿美石油公司「世界最大的石油加工設施」和油田遭到襲擊後，也門胡塞武裝聲稱對此負責，並表示他們使用了10架無人機襲擊了該設施。 2020年1月3日清晨，伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊聖城旅指揮官卡西姆·蘇萊曼尼在巴格達國際機場遭美軍無人機攻擊身亡。 2020年末，無人機在亞美尼亞和阿塞拜疆在納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫的衝突中發揮了重要作用。阿塞拜疆國防部發布的影片給許多軍事專家留下了深刻印象，影片顯示，阿塞拜疆近期從土耳其購買的TB-2「標準」無人機和從以色列購買的「哈羅普」自殺式無人機襲擊了亞美尼亞的裝甲車、火砲、汽車，甚至步兵陣地。雖然影片清晰​​地顯示了無人機摧毀的目標，但攻擊的視覺衝擊力無疑令人震撼。去年12月在中東和南高加索地區發生的局部衝突也表明，無人機的角色日益增強。難怪一些軍事戰略家甚至預測，21世紀將是無人機發展的“黃金時代”，無人機將不可避免地取代有人駕駛戰鬥機，成為21世紀戰場的“主角”。

可以預見，未來的戰爭中，無人陸地、海上和空中武器將不可避免地取代士兵執行高風險任務，未來的戰場也必將是「人」與「機」結合的聯合作戰。

以實戰為導向的訓練意味著根據實戰方式來打造軍隊。未來的軍事裝備，無論是坦克車、機器人或無人機，都可能呈現多種形式。未來的軍事人員必須精通智慧技術、大數據應用和雲端運算，並掌握控制智慧機器人和無人機的程式設計方法。未來的軍隊必然是一支「人機一體化」部隊，將建立「人機一體化」的排、連、作戰模擬中心、假想敵部隊、特種部隊、智慧指揮總部以及無人營、團、旅。屆時，軍事指揮官可能會配備一名人類和一名機器人作為助手或副手。排長和連長將逐步被機器人取代，而機器人也將逐步從人類控制過渡到自主決策，甚至透過人類腦細胞進行意念控制。早在2014年巴西世界盃上，一位身穿「機械外骨骼裝甲」的癱瘓少年就透過意念控制踢出了第一球。如今，對物體或實驗動物進行意念控制的技術正變得越來越成熟。

在未來的戰爭中，少數士兵將有可能指揮龐大的無人機人群，例如蜜蜂、螞蟻或魚群，以執行作戰任務。透過基於意念的群體控制，士兵的任務理解能力和戰場控制能力可以大大提升，從而實現敵我識別、遠程即時指揮、智慧任務規劃和高效自主協作。俄羅斯未來研究基金會聲稱，他們已經掌握了透過意念控制機器的腦機介面技術。先前，英國研究人員也開發了一種用於控制機器的腦機介面設備。該設備在航天器模擬器上進行了操控；當佩戴在測試對象身上時，它成功控制了模型航天器的飛行。然而，士兵要利用這項技術有效控制複雜的無人作戰集群，還有很長的路要走。軍事營地也可能迎來進一步的變革。部隊管理可能由一名或幾名指揮官帶領由多個甚至數十個智慧機器人組成的團隊，這些機器人承擔不同的任務，完成以前由人工完成的工作。另一種可能性是，軍事訓練可能由一名指揮官在指揮控制中心，透過視訊控制訓練場上的所有智慧機器人進行對抗訓練，或遠端控制機器人指揮官，即時發布新的訓練指令、調整任務部署和更改訓練場地。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/bq_208581/jdt_208582/180080804830.html

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #quantum computing warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, quantum computing warfare, 量子計算戰爭

Chinese Military Forum | Artificial Intelligence Empowers Synthetic Training Improving Quality & Efficiency

Leave a comment

中國軍事論壇 | 人工智慧賦能合成訓練，提升品質與效率

現代英語：

The form of warfare determines the form of training. Currently, the widespread application of artificial intelligence technology will reshape the form of warfare and combat patterns, and trigger profound changes in military training. As an important part of the organizational structure of the new military training system, combined arms training urgently needs to be infused with an “intelligent core” of artificial intelligence, so as to better play its pivotal role in the new military training system, realize the transformation from “formal integration” to “spiritual integration,” and from “elemental coordination” to “intelligent leadership,” and promote the continuous advancement of combined arms training in the new era to higher quality and higher level.

Breaking the deadlock: Driving a change in training logic

Artificial intelligence empowers synthetic training not only as an “efficiency enhancement tool” to improve training effectiveness, but also leads to changes in the connotation, extension, mechanism, and standard requirements of synthetic training.

Achieving intelligent coupling involves a shift in the logic of convergence. Overcoming division through unity and disunity through cohesion are crucial battlefield principles. The key to combined arms training is “unity.” Artificial intelligence empowers combined arms training to better adapt to the collaborative needs of intelligent warfare, making it crucial for creating a “chemical reaction” in operational coordination. The training focuses on deeply integrating human creativity and value judgment with the computing power and intelligence of machines, forming a cognitive advantage at a higher dimension, and achieving a highly integrated, flexible, and intelligently coupled training system. Manned-unmanned collaborative training is a typical example of deeply integrating manned combat forces with unmanned combat systems possessing “intelligent brains,” pursuing minimal casualties and maximum operational efficiency.

Achieving an iterative logical transformation into a closed-loop system. Traditional training is limited by physical conditions, resulting in high trial-and-error costs and long iteration cycles. By leveraging artificial intelligence to create a “digital twin” training environment, through virtual-real interaction and iterative feedback in parallel systems, synthetic training can shift towards a process of continuous exploration, trial-and-error optimization, forming a new training closed loop. Training at different levels can be implemented simultaneously, and thousands of tactics can be tested and optimized in parallel in virtual space at low cost and high speed. The various elements of overall combat capability can be generated almost independently without regard to sequence. At the same time, the generation of combat capabilities exhibits certain characteristics of distribution, synchronicity, integration, and nonlinearity, significantly compressing the traditional training cycle, accelerating the synchronous generation of combat capabilities across levels, and further expanding the iteration of combat capabilities to “intra-domain foundation, cross-domain collaboration, and full-domain integration”.

Extending the value logic of intelligent emergence. Traditional training cannot pre-plan all possible interactions, nor can it easily generate new tactics and collaborative modes that go beyond pre-set plans. This dilemma is difficult to overcome when facing the demands of intelligent warfare. However, artificial intelligence is quietly changing this model, transforming the value of the training ground from simulating past wars to exploring the possibilities of future wars. Artificial intelligence empowers synthetic training, injecting it with the underlying driving force to generate “intelligent emergence.” For example, game-like confrontations with intelligent opposing forces force trainees to break out of conventional thinking frameworks, potentially leading to previously unthinkable, counterintuitive tactical combinations. The purpose of synthetic training is not only to execute known tactics, but also to hone the ability to innovate methods and update strategies in adversarial environments.

Reconstruction: Shaping Synthetic Training Patterns

Synthetic training incorporating artificial intelligence is gradually evolving into a new training model that emphasizes combat-oriented organization, focuses on enhancing intelligence and integration, shifts towards distributed autonomy, and is geared towards dynamic battlefields.

The training focuses on combat-oriented grouping. Today’s combined arms training features more diverse training subjects, more varied force compositions, and higher capability requirements. The training emphasizes combat-oriented grouping, focusing on mission-driven consistency between training and combat, and is characterized by modularity, innovation, and scalability. Artificial intelligence, acting as a “dispatch center,” can assess the status of combat units based on the battlefield situation, quickly generate optimal force grouping plans, allocate relevant elements as needed, integrate new domain and new quality forces, and practice how to quickly aggregate and disperse forces to form flexible “mission-customized” combined arms groups. This provides the system with plug-and-play capability modules that can be dynamically reconstructed, efficiently linked, and adaptively adjusted like building blocks.

Training content leans towards enhancing intelligence and integration. Traditional training focuses more on assessing whether coordinated actions are completed according to plan, time limits, and standards. In intelligent warfare, humans and intelligent systems together form the basic combat components, exerting combat effectiveness through their functional division and deep integration. Therefore, the focus of new-era integrated training should also pay more attention to improving human-machine integration capabilities. In the past, training content based on human-to-human collaboration—including technology upgrades, experience-based training, and self-awareness training—has become less effective. Training content that enhances intelligence and integration is gradually becoming the key to integrated training. In tactical coordination training, trainees need to master how to collaborate and interact efficiently with artificial intelligence systems, how to use artificial intelligence to reorganize collaborative relationships, close the kill chain, coordinate joint troop actions, and achieve “combined punches”.

Training methods are shifting towards distributed and autonomous approaches. The changes brought about by artificial intelligence to combined arms training are primarily reflected in training methods. This involves not only mastering coordinated operations and solidifying the foundation of collaboration, but also in how to innovatively lead the evolution of combat systems. Distributed training, relying on AI technology, supports simultaneous, remote joint training between different combat units under the same combat background, scenario, and battlefield situation, improving training effectiveness. Autonomous training, employing a “human-outside-the-loop” approach, hones trainees’ ability to handle contingencies and act autonomously. Through feedback and self-adjustment, it promotes autonomous iterative upgrades. Conducting adversarial training breaks through the limitations of learning to fight from experience in the past. It introduces an AI-powered “blue team” to “learn” to fight in a simulated complex battlefield environment, adding random, extreme, and highly harassed scenarios.

Training scenarios are geared towards dynamic battlefields. Traditional training scenarios are mostly “pre-set scripts” designed around “established capabilities” and “known threats,” unable to break free from limited cognition and established thinking patterns. Artificial intelligence empowers synthetic training, transforming it into a “dynamic game system” targeting “unknown capabilities” and “emerging threats,” making it more “imaginative.” Based on training objectives, artificial intelligence autonomously generates logical, multi-domain, and multi-dimensional virtual combat scenarios. Through repeated practice in such highly complex and uncertain environments, trainees are more likely to develop new understandings of the future battlefield.

Exploration: Prospective Synthetic Training Path

Artificial intelligence-enabled synthetic training is an iterative evolutionary process. Looking ahead at its development path, the aim is to transcend developmental limitations and narrow-minded thinking, directly addressing “multi-agent game theory” and “digital twin training grounds,” thereby achieving multi-dimensional and systematic advancement.

Build a comprehensive training foundation. Based on digital twins and intelligent technologies, create a comprehensive training environment to achieve intelligent interaction between people, equipment, and environment. This will enable all training combat units to become dynamically adjustable “intelligent agents,” conduct cross-domain training, improve the command, decision-making, and adaptive coordination capabilities of human-machine hybrid intelligence, and incubate new tactics and formation patterns in a realistic battlefield environment.

Deploy an intelligent blue force system. Build an algorithmic adversary with autonomous evolution capabilities and dynamic game theory thinking, shifting training from “adapting to the known” to “coping with the unknown.” Through deep reinforcement learning and game theory models, the intelligent blue force can not only learn known tactical experiences but also autonomously generate diverse tactics based on real-time situations. Furthermore, it can gain insights into the opponent’s behavioral patterns during interactions, prompting the development of real and effective strategies in dynamic confrontations, and honing the unit’s tactical innovation and human-machine collaboration capabilities through continuous high-intelligence confrontations.

Innovate integrated training models. New-era combined arms training demands innovation-driven, technology-enabled approaches, requiring bold exploration and willingness to experiment. This necessitates seamlessly integrating testing grounds, training grounds, and battlefields, and innovating an integrated training model encompassing operational testing institutions, training institutions, and troops. Trainers are not merely simple technology providers and supporters, but rather embedded as training designers, process analysts, and evaluators within the training process. This allows for a better understanding and methodological revolution in training, validating new technologies, tactics, and formations in combined arms training, exploring future combat winning mechanisms, and simultaneously using data from real-world training to optimize artificial intelligence models, forming an integrated and interactive closed loop that truly integrates training with real-world application.

現代國語：

戰爭形式決定訓練形式。目前，人工智慧技術的廣泛應用將重塑戰爭形式和作戰模式，並引發軍事訓練的深刻變革。作為新軍事訓練體系組織結構的重要組成部分，諸兵種合成訓練亟需注入人工智能的“智能核心”，以更好地發揮其在新軍事訓練體系中的關鍵作用，實現從“形式融合”到“精神融合”、“要素協調”到“智能領導”的轉變，推動新時代諸兵種合成訓練不斷邁向更高水平、更高質量的發展。

打破僵局：驅動訓練邏輯的變革

人工智慧賦予合成訓練的權力不僅在於將其作為提升訓練效果的“效率增強工具”，更在於引發合成訓練在內涵、延伸、機制和標準要求等方面的變革。

實現智慧耦合意味著融合邏輯的轉變。以團結化解分裂，以凝聚力化解紛爭，是戰場上至關重要的原則。聯合兵種訓練的關鍵在於「團結」。人工智慧賦能聯合兵種訓練，使其更適應智慧戰爭的協同作戰需求，從而在作戰協調中產生「化學反應」。該訓練著重於將人類的創造力和價值判斷與機器的運算能力和智慧深度融合，形成更高維度的認知優勢，並建構高度整合、靈活且智慧耦合的訓練體系。有人-無人協同訓練是將有人作戰部隊與擁有「智慧大腦」的無人作戰系統深度融合的典型例證，旨在最大限度地減少傷亡並提高作戰效率。

實現迭代邏輯轉換，形成閉環系統。傳統訓練受限於物理條件，導致試誤成本高且迭代週期長。透過利用人工智慧創造「數位孿生」訓練環境，在平行系統中實現虛擬實境互動和迭代回饋，合成訓練可以轉向持續探索、試誤優化的過程，形成新的訓練閉環。不同層級的訓練可以同時進行，數千種戰術可以在虛擬空間中以低成本、高速度並行測試和最佳化。整體作戰能力的各要素幾乎可以獨立生成，無需考慮順序。同時，作戰能力的生成呈現出一定的分佈性、同步性、整合性和非線性特徵，顯著壓縮了傳統訓練週期，加速了跨層級作戰能力的同步生成，並將作戰能力的迭代進一步擴展至「域內基礎、跨域協同、全局融合」。

拓展智能湧現的價值邏輯。傳統訓練無法預先規劃所有可能的交互，也難以產生超越預設計劃的新戰術和協同模式。面對智慧戰爭的需求，這一困境難以克服。然而，人工智慧正在悄悄改變這個模式，將訓練場的價值從模擬過去的戰爭轉變為探索未來戰爭的可能性。人工智慧賦能合成訓練，為其註入了產生「智慧湧現」的內在驅動力。例如，與智慧敵軍進行遊戲式的對抗，迫使受訓人員打破傳統的思維框架，可能催生出以前難以想像、違反直覺的戰術組合。合成訓練的目的不僅在於執行已知的戰術，更在於磨練在對抗環境中創新方法和更新策略的能力。

重構：塑造合成訓練模式

融合人工智慧的合成訓練正逐步演變為一種新的訓練模式，強調以作戰為導向的組織，專注於提升情報和協同作戰能力，轉向分散式自主作戰，並適應動態戰場環境。

訓練重點在於以作戰為導向的編隊。如今的聯合兵種訓練具有更多樣化的訓練科目、更豐富的兵力構成以及更高的能力要求。此訓練強調以戰鬥為導向的分組，專注於訓練與實戰之間任務驅動的一致性，並以模組化、創新性和可擴展性為特點。人工智慧作為「調度器」發揮作用。「指揮中心」能夠根據戰場態勢評估作戰單位的狀態，快速生成最優兵力編組方案，根據需要調配相關要素，整合新領域和新素質的部隊，並演練如何快速集結和分散兵力，形成靈活的「任務定制」合成兵種群。這為系統提供了即插即用的能力模組，可以像積木一樣動態重構、高效連接和自適應調整。

訓練內容傾向於增強智慧化和一體化能力。傳統訓練更著重於評估協同行動是否按計劃、按時、按標準完成。在智慧戰中，人和智慧系統共同構成基本的作戰要素，透過功能分工和深度融合發揮作戰效能。因此，新時代一體化訓練的重點也應更重視提升人機融合能力。過去基於人際協作的訓練內容——包括技術升級、經驗訓練和自我意識訓練——效果已下降。增強智慧化和一體化能力的訓練內容正逐漸成為一體化訓練的關鍵。在戰術協調方面，在訓練中，受訓人員需要掌握如何與人工智慧系統高效協作和互動，如何利用人工智慧重組協作關係，完善殺傷鏈，協調聯合部隊行動，並實現「組合打擊」。

訓練方法正朝著分散式和自主化方向發展。人工智慧為聯合兵種訓練帶來的變革主要體現在訓練方法上。這不僅包括掌握協同作戰和鞏固協作基礎，還包括如何創新地引領作戰系統演進。分散式訓練依賴人工智慧技術，支援不同作戰單位在相同作戰背景、場景和戰場情勢下進行同步遠程聯合訓練，進而提高訓練效率。自主訓練採用「人外環」的方式，磨練受訓人員處理突發事件和自主行動的能力。透過回饋和自我調整，促進自主迭代升級。對抗訓練突破了以往從經驗中學習作戰的局限性，引入人工智慧驅動的「藍隊」進行「學習」。在模擬的複雜戰場環境中作戰，並加入隨機、極端和高度騷擾的場景。

訓練場景面向動態戰場。傳統的訓練場景大多是圍繞著“既有能力”和“已知威脅”設計的“預設腳本”，無法突破認知限制和既定思維模式的束縛。人工智慧賦能合成訓練，將其轉變為針對“未知能力”和“新興威脅”的“動態博弈系統”，使其更具“想像力”。基於訓練目標，人工智慧自主產生邏輯嚴密、多域、多維度的虛擬作戰場景。透過在高度複雜和不確定的環境中反覆練習，受訓人員更有可能對未來的戰場形成新的理解。

探索：合成訓練的未來路徑

人工智慧賦能的合成訓練是一個迭代演進的過程。展望其發展路徑，目標是超越發展局限和狹隘思維，直接面向“多智能體博弈論”和“數位孿生訓練場”，從而實現…多維度、系統性推進。

建構綜合訓練基礎。基於數位孿生與智慧技術，創造綜合訓練環境，實現人、裝備、環境的智慧互動。這將使所有訓練作戰單位成為動態可調的“智能體”，開展跨域訓練，提升人機混合智能的指揮、決策和自適應協調能力，並在真實戰場環境下孵化新的戰術和陣型。

部署智慧藍軍系統。建構具備自主演化能力和動態博弈論思維的演算法對手，將訓練重心從「適應已知」轉向「應對未知」。透過深度強化學習和賽局理論模型，智慧藍軍不僅能夠學習已知的戰術經驗，還能根據即時情況自主生成多樣化的戰術。此外，它還能洞察對手在互動中的行為模式，進而促進戰術的演進。在動態對抗中製定切實有效的戰略，並透過持續的高智慧對抗來磨練部隊的戰術創新能力和人機協作能力。

創新一體化訓練模式。新時代的聯合兵種訓練需要創新驅動、技術賦能的方法，需要大膽探索和勇於嘗試。這就要求無縫整合試驗場、訓練場和戰場，並創新涵蓋作戰測試機構、訓練機構和部隊的一體化訓練模式。教官不再只是技術提供者和支持者，而是作為訓練設計者、流程分析師和評估者融入訓練過程中。這有助於更好地理解訓練方法並進行方法論上的革新，驗證聯合兵種訓練中的新技術、戰術和陣型，探索未來作戰的製勝機制，並同時利用來自真實世界訓練的數據來優化人工智慧模型，從而形成一個真正將訓練與實際應用相結合的整合式互動式閉環。

來源：解放軍報 作者：聶曉麗 趙澤夏 責任編輯：王一亙 2026-01-13 07:xx:xx

聶曉麗 趙澤夏

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/164838781898.html

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Command information Systems, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare

Chinese Military Cyberspace Forces: Intelligent Command of the Storms and a Dense Skynet

Leave a comment

中國軍事網路空間力量：對風暴的智慧指揮與密集的“天網”

現代英語：

Wisdom in control of the winds and clouds, weaving a dense net.

■ Commentary by Peng Bingjie, reporter for PLA Daily

With steel guns in hand and shouts echoing through the heavens, their steps were firm and their spirit soared.

Led by two team leaders, the cyberspace troops marched in majestically, each figure exuding heroic spirit, and each formation perfectly aligned.

On April 19, 2024, the Cyberspace Force was officially established as a brand-new strategic branch of service. In this military parade, this high-tech force, born at the pinnacle of the digital wave and fighting on the invisible battlefield, gloriously received the review of the Party and the people. The officers and soldiers in the formation had an average age of 24, and their high level of education was a prominent feature.

“Right face!” The command was powerful and resounding, soaring into the sky. “One—two—” The loud shouts echoed throughout Tiananmen Square.

In front of Tiananmen Square, First-Class Sergeant Cheng Shujia gripped the flagpole tightly, his eyes blazing and his movements powerful. Following closely behind, the officers and soldiers being reviewed stood in neat rows, the hundreds of people forming a unified whole, as if they were one person.

“It is an immense honor to be a member of the cyberspace forces contingent and to be reviewed in Tiananmen Square with my comrades.” Cheng Shujia, who participated in the 70th National Day military parade, was reviewed again six years later as the flag bearer of the cyberspace forces contingent.

“Holding the military flag and making our first appearance, we must maintain a good posture at all times and show the style of our cyberspace forces.” From the first day he stepped onto the training field, Cheng Shujia silently told himself that he must “make a stunning entrance and a spectacular debut.”

On the eve of this year’s “August 1st” Army Day, President Xi Jinping signed an order to release the designs of the flags for the four branches of the armed forces. On that same day, Cheng Shujia, representing the cyberspace forces, received the flag belonging to his formation for the first time. After repeatedly stroking the flag, he felt that “the flag in my hand has become heavier.”

“Behind this brand-new military flag lies the glorious and profound history of our branch of the military,” said Cheng Shujia. During the revolutionary war years, the predecessors of this unit, amidst hardships and difficulties, took the Party’s flag as their own, dedicated themselves to their mission, climbed higher and higher, made outstanding contributions time and time again, and made selfless contributions, erecting a wordless monument to their loyalty to their mission.

In the era of reform and strengthening the military, heroic troops are tempered and refined; amidst the unpredictable changes in the world, new strategic forces are emerging. Traversing the mysterious cyberspace and fighting on the hidden digital peaks, officers and soldiers of the cyberspace forces will combine every word and character into a mighty army, building an iron wall within a small space and weaving a magnificent sky net with the torrent of information.

With a resolute face, upright posture, and resounding steps, Zhou Wenlong, a student from the Information Engineering University of the Cyberspace Force, stood out among the formation with exceptional focus.

From a “rising star” in the laboratory to a member of the parade team, Zhou Wenlong’s every step forward has required unimaginable effort and sweat. “When doing something, you have to pursue excellence. This spirit is the same in scientific research and military parades,” Zhou Wenlong said.

“When a group of people work on a single task, whether in the laboratory or on the parade ground, we always share a common goal and pursuit.” Zhou Wenlong’s eyes shone brightly in the sunlight. Behind him, faces were equally young and resolute.

With wisdom and strategic brilliance, they command armies and survey the vast sky. This group of vibrant young people are dedicating their youth to the land and rivers of their motherland.

On Tiananmen Square, Wang Zizhu, a member of the reviewing team, marched with firm and proud steps. Seeing this, Hu Yang, the company commander below the parade ground, smiled with satisfaction.

Six years ago, Hu Yang and his comrades marched in perfect unison across Tiananmen Square. As an instructor, he uses his own military parade experience as vivid teaching material, influencing and inspiring generations of students to study diligently and make contributions to the military. This year, more than 20 students, including Wang Zizhu, from the Cyberspace Force Information Engineering University, took to the parade ground under his guidance.

Six years later, Hu Yang’s position shifted from the forefront to behind the scenes. He and the coaches used what they had learned to innovate training methods and strengthen service support to ensure that the formation always maintained high training motivation and fighting spirit.

“Success doesn’t have to be achieved by me, but I will definitely contribute to it. Even if I can’t participate, I will still shine for the collective honor.” Hu Yang said, “Taking responsibility and making selfless contributions” is the common spirit of officers and soldiers in the cyberspace forces.

The battle songs resounded, the flags flew high, and the common aspirations of the officers and soldiers of the cyberspace forces were gathered: to shoulder the glorious mission, to demonstrate the style of a strong military, and to advance towards victory and the great rejuvenation!

(PLA Daily, Beijing, September 3)

現代國語：

智慧掌控風雲，織就密網。

■ 彭冰傑，《解放軍報》記者

他們手持鋼槍，吶喊聲響徹雲霄，步伐堅定，精神振奮。

在兩位隊長的帶領下，網路空間部隊威風凜凜地入場，每個身影都洋溢著英雄氣概，每個隊形都整齊劃一。

2024年4月19日，網路空間部隊正式成立，成為一支全新的戰略兵種。在這場閱兵式上，這支誕生於數位浪潮之巔、馳騁於無形戰場的高科技部隊，光榮地接受了黨和人民的檢閱。隊形中的官兵平均年齡24歲，高學歷是一大亮點。

「正臉！」一聲鏗鏘有力的命令響徹雲霄。 「一、二——」響亮的喊聲響徹天安門廣場。

在天安門廣場前，一級軍士長程樹佳緊緊握著旗桿，目光炯炯，動作有力。緊接在後的是整齊列隊的官兵，數百人組成一個整體，彷彿融為一體。

「能夠作為網路空間部隊的一員，與戰士們一起在天安門廣場接受檢閱，我感到無比榮幸。」曾參加過第70屆國慶閱兵的程樹佳，六年後再次作為網絡空間部隊的旗手接受檢閱。

「手持軍旗，首次亮相，我們必須時時保持良好的姿態，展現我們網路空間部隊的風采。」從踏上訓練場的第一天起，程樹佳就默默地告誡自己，一定要「驚艷亮相，留下輝煌的首秀」。

在今年「八一」建軍節前夕，習近平主席簽署命令，公佈了四軍各軍種的旗幟設計。當天，代表網路空間部隊的程樹佳首次領取了本部隊的旗幟。他反覆撫摸著旗幟，感覺「手中的旗幟越來越沉了」。

程樹佳說：「這面嶄新的軍旗背後，承載著我們軍種光榮而深厚的歷史。」在革命戰爭年代，本部隊的前輩們在艱苦卓絕的戰鬥中，將黨的旗幟視為己任，全身心投入到使命中，不斷攀登高峰，一次又一次地做出傑出貢獻使命，無私的奉獻，為忠於的豐碑。

在改革開放、軍力強盛的時代，英雄部隊正在淬煉、精煉；在瞬息萬變的世界中，新的戰略力量正在湧現。穿梭於神秘的網路空間，在隱密的數字山峰上奮戰，網路空間部隊的官兵們將每一個字、每一個字符匯聚成一支強大的軍隊，在狹小的空間內築起一道鋼鐵屏障，用信息的洪流編織出一張宏偉的天網。

周文龍，這位來自網路空間部隊資訊工程大學的學生，神情堅定，身姿挺拔，步伐鏗鏘有力，在隊伍中格外引人注目。

從實驗室的「明日之星」到閱兵隊伍的一員，周文龍的每一步都凝聚著難以想像的努力和汗水。 「做事就要追求卓越。這種精神在科研和閱兵中都是一樣的。」周文龍說。

「當一群人為了同一個目標而努力時，無論是在實驗室還是在閱兵場上，我們始終擁有共同的目標和追求。」周文龍的雙眼在陽光下閃閃發光。在他身後，一張張年輕而堅定的臉孔映入眼簾。

他們以智慧和卓越的戰略才能指揮軍隊，俯瞰廣闊的天空。這群充滿活力的年輕人，將他們的青春奉獻給了祖國的土地和河流。

在天安門廣場上，檢閱隊隊員王子柱邁著堅定而驕傲的步伐。看到這一幕，檢閱場下的連長胡陽露出了滿意的笑容。

六年前，胡陽和他的戰友們整齊劃一地走過天安門廣場。身為教官，他以自己的閱兵經驗為生動的教學素材，影響和激勵了一代又一代的學生努力學習，為軍隊做出貢獻。今年，包括王子柱在內的20多名來自網路空間部隊資訊工程大學的學生，在他的指導下走上了閱兵場。

六年後的今天，胡陽的位置從前線轉向了幕後。他和教官運用所學到的知識，創新訓練方法，加強後勤保障，以確保軍隊的順利進行。網路空間部隊始終保持著高昂的訓練熱情和戰鬥精神。

「成功不一定要靠我一個人取得，但我一定會為之貢獻力量。即使不能親自參與，我也要為集體的榮譽而閃耀。」胡洋說，「勇於擔當，無私奉獻」是網絡空間部隊官兵的共同精神。

戰歌齊鳴，旗幟飄揚，網路空間部隊官兵的共同願望匯聚於此：肩負光榮使命，展現強軍風範，向勝利和偉大復興邁進！

（《解放軍報》，北京，9月3日）

來源：中國軍網-解放軍報 作者：嘉 言 彭冰潔 責任編輯：李佳琦 2025-09-04 09:xx:xx

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/wzll/16488078858589.html

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Chinese #Quantum #technology, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #quantum computing warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Command information Systems, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, quantum computing warfare, 量子計算戰爭

Chinese Military Grasping Pulse of Information and Intelligent Warfare Development

Leave a comment

中國軍方掌握資訊戰和智慧戰發展的脈搏

現代英語：

Currently, the deep penetration and integrated application of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence in the military field are profoundly reshaping the form of warfare and driving the evolution of informationized and intelligent warfare to a higher and more complex level. This process brings new challenges, such as the full-dimensional expansion of the operational space, but also contains the enduring underlying logic of the essential laws of warfare. We must deeply analyze the evolutionary mechanism of informationized and intelligent warfare, understand and clarify the specific manifestations of the new challenges and underlying logic, and continuously explore the practical paths and winning principles for strategizing future warfare.

Recognizing the new challenges that information technology and intelligent technology bring to warfare

Technological iteration and upgrading have driven profound changes in combat styles, which in turn bring new challenges. Currently, with the accelerated development of information and intelligent technologies, the form of warfare is showing significant changes such as cross-domain integration, system confrontation, and intelligent dominance, thereby giving rise to new challenges such as mixed-domain nature, intelligence, and all-personnel involvement.

The Challenges of Multi-Domain Operations. In future warfare, the physical boundaries of traditional operational domains will be broken, with information and social domains deeply nested, forming a new type of battlefield characterized by multi-domain coordination. This multi-dimensional battlefield environment presents two challenges to current combat systems. First, system compatibility is difficult. In a multi-domain operational environment, combat operations “span” multiple physical and virtual spaces, while traditional combat systems are often built based on specific operational domains, making seamless compatibility of their technical standards and information interfaces difficult. Second, command and control are highly complex. In informationized and intelligent warfare, combat operations unfold simultaneously or alternately across multiple dimensions, with various demands exhibiting non-linear, explosive, and multi-domain characteristics. Traditional, hierarchical, tree-like command structures are ill-suited to handle this complex multi-domain coordination situation.

The Challenges of Intelligence. The deep integration of technologies such as artificial intelligence into the war decision-making and action chain presents new challenges to traditional decision-making models and action logic. On the one hand, defining the boundaries and dominance of human-machine collaboration is challenging. Intelligent systems demonstrate superior capabilities in information processing, decision support, and even autonomous action, but over-reliance on algorithms can lead to a “decision black box”; excessive restrictions on machine intelligence may result in the loss of the speed and efficiency advantages of intelligent algorithms. Therefore, how to construct a human-machine symbiotic, human-led, and intelligence-assisted decision-making model has become an unavoidable “test” in winning informationized and intelligent warfare. On the other hand, the complexity and vulnerability of algorithmic warfare are becoming increasingly prominent. The higher the level of intelligence in warfare, the stronger the dependence on core algorithms. Adversaries may launch attacks through data pollution, model deception, and network intrusion, inducing intelligent systems to misjudge and fail. This kind of “bottom-up” attack based on algorithmic vulnerabilities is far more covert and destructive than traditional methods, placing higher demands on the construction and maintenance of defense systems.

A challenge affecting all personnel. Informationized and intelligent warfare blurs the lines between wartime and peacetime, front lines and rear areas. Combat operations are no longer confined to professional soldiers and traditional battlefields; non-military sectors such as economics, finance, and technology, along with related personnel, may all be integrated into modern combat systems to varying degrees, bringing entirely new challenges. Specifically, non-military sectors may become new focal points of offense and defense. In an information society, critical infrastructure such as energy networks, transportation hubs, and information platforms are highly interconnected and interdependent, with broad social coverage and significant influence, making them prime targets for attack or disruption in hybrid warfare, thus significantly increasing the difficulty of protection. The national defense mobilization system faces transformation pressure. The traditional “peacetime-wartime conversion” model is ill-suited to the demands of high-intensity, fast-paced, and high-consumption informationized and intelligent warfare. There is an urgent need to build a modern mobilization mechanism that is “integrated in peacetime and wartime, military-civilian integrated, precise, and efficient,” ensuring the rapid response and efficient transformation of core resources such as technological potential, industrial capabilities, and professional talent.

Clarifying the underlying logic of information-based and intelligent warfare

Although the development of information and intelligent technologies has profoundly reshaped the mode of force application, the inherent attributes of war have not been fundamentally shaken. Ensuring that strategy follows policy, adhering to the principle that people are the decisive factor, and recognizing that the “fog of war” will persist for a long time are still key measures for us to understand, plan, and respond to future wars.

Strategic subordination with political strategy is paramount. Currently, the proliferation of new technologies and attack methods easily fosters “technocentrism”—when algorithms and computing power are seen as the key to victory, and when technological superiority in equipment is considered an absolute advantage, military operations risk deviating from the political and strategic trajectory. This necessitates that we always integrate military operations within the overall national political framework, ensuring that technological advantages serve strategic objectives. Under informationized and intelligent conditions, strategic subordination with political strategy transcends the purely military level, requiring precise alignment with core national political goals such as diplomatic maneuvering and domestic development and stability. Therefore, it is essential to clearly define the boundaries, intensity, and scope of information and intelligent means of application, avoid significant political and strategic risks arising from the misuse of technology, and strive for a dynamic unity between political objectives and military means.

The decisive factor remains human. While intelligent technology can indeed endow weapons with superior autonomous perception and decision-making capabilities, the ultimate control and winning formula in war always firmly rests in human hands. Marxist warfare theory reveals that regardless of how warfare evolves, humans are always the main actors and the ultimate decisive force. Weapons, as tools, ultimately rely on human creativity in their effective use. Therefore, facing the wave of informationized and intelligent warfare, we must achieve deep integration and synchronous development of human-machine intelligence, building upon a foundation of human dominance. Specifically, intelligentization must not only “transform” things—improving equipment performance—but also “transform” people—enhancing human cognitive abilities, decision-making levels, and human-machine collaborative efficiency, ensuring that no matter how high the “kites” of intelligent equipment fly, humanity always firmly grasps the “control chain” that guides their development.

Recognizing the persistent nature of the “fog of war,” while information technology has significantly improved battlefield transparency, technological means can only reduce the density of the “fog,” not completely dispel it. The fundamental reason is that war is a dynamic game; the deception generated by the continuous strategic feints and other maneuvers employed by opposing sides transcends the scope of mere technological deconstruction, possessing an inherent unpredictability. Therefore, we must acknowledge the perpetual nature of the “fog of war” and employ appropriate measures to achieve the goal of “reducing our own fog and increasing the enemy’s confusion.” Regarding the former, we must strengthen our own reconnaissance advantages by integrating multi-source intelligence, including satellite reconnaissance, drone surveillance, and ground sensors, to achieve a real-time dynamic map of the battlefield situation. Regarding the latter, we must deepen the enemy’s decision-making dilemma by using techniques such as false signals and electronic camouflage to mislead their intelligence gathering, forcing them to expend resources in a state of confusion between truth and falsehood, directly weakening their situational awareness.

Exploring the winning factors of information-based and intelligent warfare

To plan for future wars, we must recognize the new challenges they bring, follow the underlying logic they contain, further explore the winning principles of informationized and intelligent warfare, and work hard to strengthen military theory, make good strategic plans, and innovate tactics and methods.

Strengthening theoretical development is crucial. Scientific military theory is combat power, and maintaining the advancement of military theory is essential for winning informationized and intelligent warfare. On the one hand, we must deepen the integration and innovation of military theory. We must systematically integrate modern scientific theories such as cybernetics, game theory, and information theory, focusing on new combat styles such as human-machine collaborative operations and cross-domain joint operations, to construct an advanced military theoretical system that is forward-looking, adaptable, and operable. On the other hand, we must adhere to practical testing and iterative updates. We must insist on linking theory with practice, keenly observing problems, systematically summarizing experiences, and accurately extracting patterns from the front lines of military struggle preparation and training, forming a virtuous cycle of “practice—understanding—re-practice—re-understanding,” ensuring that theory remains vibrant and effectively guides future warfare.

Strategic planning is crucial. Future-oriented strategic planning is essentially a proactive shaping process driven by technology, driven by demand, and guaranteed by dynamic adaptation. It requires a broad technological vision and flexible strategic thinking, striving to achieve a leap from “responding to war” to “designing war.” First, we must anticipate technological changes. We must maintain a high degree of sensitivity to disruptive technologies that may reshape the rules of war and deeply understand the profound impact of the cross-integration of various technologies. Second, we must focus on key areas. Emerging “high frontiers” such as cyberspace, outer space, the deep sea, and the polar regions should be the focus of strategic planning, concentrating on shaping the rules of operation and seizing advantages to ensure dominance in the invisible battlefield and emerging spaces. Third, we must dynamically adjust and adapt. The future battlefield is constantly changing and full of uncertainty. Strategic planning cannot be a static, definitive text, but rather a resilient, dynamic framework. We must assess the applicability, maturity, and potential risks of various solutions in conjunction with reality to ensure that the direction of military development is always precisely aligned with the needs of future warfare.

Promoting Tactical Innovation. Specific tactics serve as a bridge connecting technological innovation and combat operations. Faced with the profound changes brought about by informationized and intelligent warfare, it is imperative to vigorously promote tactical innovation and explore “intelligent strategies” adapted to the future battlefield. On the one hand, it is necessary to deeply explore the combat potential of emerging technologies. We should actively explore new winning paths such as “algorithms as combat power,” “data as firepower,” “networks as the battlefield,” and “intelligence as advantage,” transforming technological advantages into battlefield victories. On the other hand, it is necessary to innovatively design future combat processes. Various combat forces can be dispersed and deployed across multiple intelligent and networked nodes, constructing a more flattened, agile, and adaptive “observation-judgment-decision-action” cycle. Simultaneously, we must strengthen multi-domain linkage, breaking down inherent barriers between different services and combat domains, striving to achieve cross-domain collaboration, system-wide synergy, autonomous adaptation, and dynamic reorganization, promoting the overall emergence of combat effectiveness.

現代國語：

目前，人工智慧等尖端技術在軍事領域的深度滲透與融合應用，正深刻重塑戰爭形態，推動資訊化、智慧化戰爭朝向更高、更複雜的層面演進。這個過程帶來了作戰空間全方位擴展等新挑戰，同時也蘊含著戰爭基本法則的持久邏輯。我們必須深入分析資訊化、智慧化戰爭的演進機制，理解並釐清新挑戰的具體表現及其內在邏輯，不斷探索未來戰爭戰略的實踐路徑與勝利原則。

認識資訊科技和智慧科技為戰爭帶來的新挑戰

技術的迭代升級推動了作戰方式的深刻變革，進而帶來了新的挑戰。目前，隨著資訊科技與智慧科技的加速發展，戰爭形態呈現出跨域融合、系統對抗、智慧主導等顯著變化，由此產生了混合域作戰、智慧化作戰、全員參與等新挑戰。

多域作戰的挑戰。在未來的戰爭中，傳統作戰領域的物理邊界將被打破，資訊領域和社會領域將深度交織，形成以多域協同為特徵的新型戰場。這種多維戰場環境對現有作戰系統提出了兩大挑戰。首先，系統相容性面臨挑戰。在多域作戰環境中，作戰行動「跨越」多個實體和虛擬空間，而傳統作戰系統通常基於特定的作戰領域構建，難以實現技術標準和資訊介面的無縫相容。其次，指揮控制高度複雜。在資訊化和智慧化戰爭中，作戰行動在多個維度上同時或交替展開，各種需求呈現出非線性、爆發性和多域性的特徵。傳統的層級式、樹狀指揮結構難以應付這種複雜的多域協同局面。

情報的挑戰。人工智慧等技術深度融入戰爭決策和行動鏈，對傳統的決策模型和行動邏輯提出了新的挑戰。一方面，界定人機協作的邊界和主導地位極具挑戰性。智慧型系統在資訊處理、決策支援乃至自主行動方面展現出卓越的能力，但過度依賴演算法可能導致「決策黑箱」；對機器智慧的過度限制則可能喪失智慧演算法的速度和效率優勢。因此，如何建構人機共生、人主導、智慧輔助的決策模型，已成為贏得資訊化和智慧化戰爭的必經「考驗」。另一方面，演算法戰的複雜性和脆弱性日益凸顯。戰爭智能化程度越高，對核心演算法的依賴性就越強。敵方可能透過資料污染、模型欺騙和網路入侵等手段發動攻擊，誘使智慧型系統誤判和失效。這種基於演算法漏洞的「自下而上」攻擊比傳統手段更加隱蔽和破壞性，對防禦系統的建構和維護提出了更高的要求。

這是一項影響全體人員的挑戰。資訊化與智慧化戰爭模糊了戰時與和平時期、前線與後方的界線。作戰行動不再侷限於職業軍人和傳統戰場；經濟、金融、科技等非軍事領域及其相關人員都可能在不同程度上融入現代作戰體系，帶來全新的挑戰。具體而言，非軍事領域可能成為攻防的新焦點。在資訊社會中，能源網路、交通樞紐、資訊平台等關鍵基礎設施高度互聯互通、相互依存，覆蓋範圍廣、影響力大，使其成為混合戰爭中攻擊或破壞的主要目標，大大增加了防禦難度。國防動員體系面臨轉型壓力。傳統的「和平時期向戰爭時期轉換」模式已無法滿足高強度、快節奏、高消耗的資訊化和智慧化戰爭的需求。迫切需要…建構「和平時期與戰爭時期一體化、軍民融合、精準高效」的現代化動員機制，確保技術潛力、產業能力、專業人才等核心資源的快速反應與高效轉換。

釐清資訊化與智慧化戰爭的內在邏輯

儘管資訊和智慧科技的發展深刻地重塑了兵力運用方式，但戰爭的固有屬性並未發生根本性改變。確保戰略服從政策，堅持以人為本的原則，並認識到「戰爭迷霧」將長期存在，仍然是我們理解、規劃和應對未來戰爭的關鍵。

戰略服從政治戰略至關重要。目前，新技術和新攻擊手段的湧現容易滋生「技術中心主義」——當演算法和運算能力被視為取勝的關鍵，裝備的技術優勢被視為絕對優勢時，軍事行動就有可能偏離政治戰略軌道。這就要求我們始終將軍事行動納入國家整體政治框架，確保技術優勢服務於戰略目標。在資訊化和智慧化條件下，戰略對政治戰略的服從超越了純粹的軍事層面，需要與外交斡旋、國內發展穩定等核心國家政治目標精準契合。因此，必須明確界定資訊和智慧手段應用的邊界、強度和範圍，避免因技術濫用而引發重大政治和戰略風險，並努力實現政治目標與軍事手段的動態統一。

決定性因素仍然是人。雖然智慧科技確實可以賦予武器卓越的自主感知和決策能力，但戰爭的最終控制權和勝利之道始終牢牢掌握在人手中。馬克思主義戰爭理論表明，無論戰爭如何演變，人類始終是主要行動者和最終的決定性力量。武器作為工具，其有效使用最終依賴於人的創造力。因此，面對資訊化、智慧化戰爭的浪潮，我們必須在人類主導的基礎上，實現人機智慧的深度融合與同步發展。具體而言，智慧化不僅要「改造」物——提升裝備性能——更要「改造」人——增強人類的認知能力、決策水平和人機協同效率，確保無論智慧裝備的「風箏」飛得多高，人類始終牢牢掌控著引導其發展的「控制鏈」。

認識到「戰爭迷霧」的持久性，儘管資訊技術顯著提升了戰場透明度，但技術手段只能降低「迷霧」的密度，而無法徹底驅散它。根本原因在於戰爭是一場動態賽局；交戰雙方不斷進行的戰略佯攻和其他戰術動作所產生的欺騙性，遠非簡單的技術解構所能及，具有固有的不可預測性。因此，我們必須正視「戰爭迷霧」的永恆性，並採取適當措施，實現「減少自身迷霧，增加敵方混亂」的目標。就前者而言，我們必須整合衛星偵察、無人機監視、地面感測器等多源情報，強化自身偵察優勢，以實現戰場態勢的即時動態測繪。就後者而言，我們必須運用假訊號、電子偽裝等手段，誤導敵方情報蒐集，使其在真假難辨的狀態下耗費資源，從而直接削弱其態勢感知能力，加深敵方決策困境。

探索資訊化、智慧化戰爭的勝利要素

為因應未來戰爭，我們必須體認到戰爭帶來的新挑戰，掌握其內在邏輯，進一步探索資訊化、智慧化戰爭的勝利原則，努力加強軍事理論建設，制定完善的戰略規劃，並創新戰術方法。

加強理論發展至關重要。科學的軍事理論就是戰鬥力，維持軍事理論的進步是贏得資訊化、智慧化戰爭的關鍵。一方面，我們必須深化軍事理論的整合與創新，有系統地將現代科學融入軍事理論。

運用控制論、博弈論、資訊理論等理論，著重研究人機協同作戰、跨域聯合作戰等新型作戰方式，建構前瞻性、適應性和可操作性的先進軍事理論體系。另一方面，必須堅持實戰檢驗、迭代更新。必須堅持理論與實踐結合，敏銳觀察問題，系統總結經驗，準確提煉軍事鬥爭前線備戰訓練中的規律，形成「實踐—理解—再實踐—再理解」的良性循環，確保理論保持活力，有效指導未來戰爭。

策略規劃至關重要。面向未來的策略規劃本質上是一個由技術驅動、需求驅動、動態調適保障的主動塑造過程。它需要廣闊的技術視野和靈活的戰略思維，力求實現從「應對戰爭」到「設計戰爭」的飛躍。首先，我們必須預見技術變革。我們必須對可能重塑戰爭規則的顛覆性技術保持高度敏感，並深刻理解各種技術交叉融合的深遠影響。其次，我們必須聚焦重點領域。網路空間、外太空、深海、極地等新興「高前沿」應成為戰略規劃的重點，著力塑造作戰規則，奪取優勢，確保在無形戰場和新興空間佔據主導地位。第三，我們必須動態調整與適應。未來的戰場瞬息萬變，充滿不確定性。策略規劃不能是一成不變的固定文本，而應是一個具有韌性的動態架構。我們必須結合實際情況，評估各種解決方案的適用性、成熟度和潛在風險，確保軍事發展方向始終與未來戰爭的需求精準契合。

推進戰術創新。具體戰術是連結技術創新與作戰行動的橋樑。面對資訊化、智慧化戰爭帶來的深刻變革，必須大力推動戰術創新，探索適應未來戰場的「智慧戰略」。一方面，要深入挖掘新興技術的作戰潛力，積極探索「演算法即戰力」、「數據即火力」、「網路即戰場」、「情報即優勢」等新的致勝路徑，將技術優勢轉化為戰場勝利。另一方面，要創新地設計未來作戰流程，使各類作戰力量分散部署於多個智慧化、網路化的節點，建構更扁平、更敏捷、適應性更強的「觀察-判斷-決策-行動」循環。同時，要加強多域連結，打破不同軍種、不同作戰域之間的固有壁壘，力爭實現跨域協同、系統協同、自主適應、動態重組，進而提升整體作戰效能。

（編：任嘉慧、彭靜）

李书吾 丁 盛

2026年01月27日0x:xx | 来源：解放军报

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.people.com.cn/n1/2026/08127/c10811-4808868538648.html

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Big Data, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Command information Systems, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare

Military Big Data: Driving Future Chinese Military Transformation

Leave a comment

軍事大數據：驅動中國未來軍事轉型

現代英語：

Military Big Data: Driving Future Military Transformation

—Answering questions from reporters during the Third Military Big Data Forum

In recent years, the Chinese military has continuously promoted the application of big data technology in the military field. Big data has been gradually integrated into joint operations, construction management, and military scientific research, bringing new momentum to military innovation practices.

Based on the new situation and new requirements, and with a view to accelerating the construction and development of military big data, and to build an academic exchange platform for mutual communication, sharing and win-win cooperation between the military and civilian sectors, the 3rd Military Big Data Forum, hosted by the Academy of Military Sciences and themed “Frontiers and Prospects of Military Big Data Development”, was held in Beijing on September 16.

During the forum, a reporter from the PLA Daily interviewed Geng Guotong, Director of the Military Science Information Research Center of the Academy of Military Sciences, along with Deputy Directors Bai Xiaoying, Luo Wei, Li Xiaosong, and Li Congying, on topics related to military big data.

Military big data applications face complex challenges

Reporter: Globally, big data is developing rapidly, with key technologies accelerating breakthroughs and applications, deeply integrating with industrial development, and giving rise to a series of new technologies, applications, business models, and patterns. What are the main challenges facing the application of military big data?

Geng Guotong: Big data provides a new model, method, and means for understanding complex systems. The high complexity of the environment, the strong adversarial nature of competition, the high real-time response, the incompleteness of information, and the uncertainty of boundaries inherent in military activities determine the complexity of military big data applications. The combination of big data, high computing power, and large-scale models has achieved great success in civilian applications such as machine translation, human-computer dialogue, and autonomous driving. However, artificial intelligence driven by big data still struggles to achieve satisfactory application results when facing uncertain environments, especially complex military adversarial environments.

In the future era of intelligent warfare, the widespread use of unmanned systems and autonomous weapons will not only change traditional combat modes but also introduce new complexities. Therefore, unlike in the civilian sector, complexity will dominate the future military big data application environment. How to observe, intervene in, and measure the complex mega-systems of warfare using big data technologies is the main challenge facing military big data applications.

Bai Xiaoying: We can also examine the challenges currently faced by military big data applications from the perspective of causal science. Viktor Mayer-Schönberger, in his book *Big Data*, argues that “the biggest shift in the big data era is abandoning the pursuit of causality and instead focusing on correlation.” Currently, widely used deep learning and reinforcement learning methods are essentially data-driven algorithms that seek patterns and correlations through observation, thus having inherent limitations in revealing the essential laws governing things.

In future military operations, true and false data will be intricately intertwined, and data fog and deception will be prevalent. Focusing solely on correlations without considering causality risks getting lost in the fog and focusing on trivial details while neglecting the essentials. Therefore, how to organically integrate big data technology with causal inference to see through data relationships and understand the true nature of data is a major challenge facing the application of military big data.

The world’s major military powers are sparing no effort in promoting the development of military big data.

Reporter: Currently, big data development has become a crucial “blood-generating and intelligence-enhancing” project for major military powers worldwide to build military superiority, and a new pathway and driving force for combat capability growth. So, what new practices are major military powers adopting in promoting military big data development?

Li Xiaosong: Faced with the challenges of the era of artificial intelligence, the world’s leading military powers, represented by the United States, believe that artificial intelligence and big data are “two sides of the same coin.” They have continuously strengthened the integrated development of artificial intelligence and big data through measures such as issuing special plans, establishing research and development institutions, and strengthening the overall coordination of resources, in order to seize the initiative in the development of future intelligent warfare. They have successively issued documents such as the “Ministry of Defence Digital Modernization Strategy” and the Ministry of Defence’s “Data Strategy.” The United Kingdom recently also released its first “Ministry of Defence Digital Strategy,” comprehensively promoting a data-centric strategic transformation.

In order to implement strategic requirements, the United States has further proposed to achieve goals such as data visibility, accessibility, interconnectivity, trustworthiness, and interoperability. By formulating standards and specifications, increasing R&D investment, and adopting advanced commercial technologies, the United States has systematically addressed the bottlenecks that have long constrained data sharing efficiency, operational effectiveness, interoperability, and data analysis capabilities. The benefits of military big data construction are gradually becoming apparent.

In June of this year, the U.S. Department of Defense launched the “Artificial Intelligence and Data Acceleration Initiative,” adding specialized teams such as “Operational Data Teams” and “Artificial Intelligence Expert Teams” to 11 joint combatant commands, striving to gain faster judgment, decision-making, and action capabilities than adversaries in the ever-changing battlefield environment.

Li Congying: In addition to strengthening strategic guidance, major military powers have launched a series of projects to accelerate the transformation of big data technology research and development results into combat capabilities. For example, the U.S. Department of Defense implemented the “Big Data to Decision” project, focusing on the research and development of big data management and utilization technologies to build an autonomous system capable of independent operation and decision-making, thereby automating operations and decisions; the U.S. Special Operations Command launched Project Avatar, which uses automatic keyword searches on various public data sources such as the Internet and databases to enable combat personnel to obtain relevant battlefield data and build real-time battlefield environment images as much as possible; the U.S. Air Force developed the F-35 fighter jet integrated seamless support system, which integrates massive amounts of data such as historical status monitoring, fault diagnosis, and maintenance mission planning, and receives flight data in real time to achieve intelligent fault diagnosis, efficient maintenance mission planning, and precise allocation of maintenance resources. Russia’s combat command information system has made breakthroughs in intelligent analysis technology of battlefield situation big data and has been deployed and applied.

Big data drives the transformation of future warfare styles

Reporter: Artificial intelligence technology is rapidly penetrating the military field, profoundly changing the mechanisms of victory, force structures, and combat methods in future warfare. How should we understand and grasp the key role of big data in future intelligent warfare?

Geng Guotong: Data-driven artificial intelligence will inevitably become a new engine for future military transformation. “No data, no victory” has become the essential law and prominent feature of intelligent warfare.

First, data empowers intelligent equipment. This will drive the deep integration of hardware and algorithms through data flow, and the profound combination of machine intelligence and human wisdom, breaking through the limitations of traditional equipment systems in terms of time, space, mobility, and cost, thus unleashing the combat effectiveness of weapon systems. The US “Third Offset Strategy,” focusing on intelligent armies, autonomous equipment, and unmanned systems, plans to fully realize the intelligentization or even unmanned operation of combat platforms, information systems, and command and control by 2050, creating a new generation of equipment and achieving true “robot warfare.” In the latest round of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Israel, leveraging its advantage in artificial intelligence technology, has integrated and aggregated multi-source intelligence information and battlefield data to assist in combat operations, gradually revealing the beginnings of intelligent warfare.

Secondly, data empowers the formation of new forms of warfare. With data analysis and processing at its core, it will change the way forces are organized, the relative strengths and weaknesses of adversaries, and give rise to a series of new combat styles, forming an intelligent form of warfare centered on data.

Secondly, data empowers and transforms combat command. With the advancement and application of cognitive artificial intelligence, data-driven intelligent staff will extract high-value information from the “data deluge” in the shortest time and in the most effective way. In particular, it will be able to autonomously perceive, judge, decide, and respond to corresponding threats, forming a rapid decision-making advantage against the enemy in the command and control chain, achieving “strategic planning within data and decisive victory above data,” and realizing a true “decision-centered war.”

Luo Wei: In the current context of the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization, embedding big data technology into the kill chain and modularizing and integrating combat force formations can fully unleash combat capabilities. At the same time, we should also be clearly aware that the key factor determining the outcome of war remains people. Big data and artificial intelligence technologies cannot completely replace people, nor can they change the decisive role of people in war.

Big data powerfully supports the revolution in military management

Reporter: Currently, a military management revolution centered on efficiency is being actively promoted. So how can big data be used to transform the military’s construction and management model?

Li Xiaosong: As national defense and military modernization enter a new era, data is becoming an important basis for construction management and scientific decision-making. To explore new models of integration and coordinated development between big data and military construction management, and to support the advancement of a military management revolution centered on efficiency and guided by precision, we must grasp the following three aspects:

First, we must adhere to demand-driven principles. The booming fields of big data are all closely coupled with business scenarios. Only by clarifying the needs can we understand what data to build, what models to develop, and what products to create; otherwise, we’ll be “grasping at everything at once.”

Second, we must focus on embedding data into processes. Military management activities are complex and diverse. Only by integrating data thinking into the entire chain of planning, execution, supervision, and evaluation, and into business systems such as strategic planning, equipment management, logistics support, and personnel management, can we achieve business process reengineering and precise resource allocation.

Third, we must strengthen integration and sharing. Departmental barriers and fragmentation have always been significant factors affecting the realization of data value. We must comprehensively strengthen the development of laws and standards, actively promote the online deployment of business operations and data, effectively solve the challenges of sharing and utilization, and lay the foundation for a data-driven new model of military construction and management.

Bai Xiaoying: The development of technologies such as knowledge graphs, natural language processing, data mining, data computing, and data governance has also provided technical support for building a data-driven military construction and management model. For example, the U.S. Department of Defense, in collaboration with MIT, developed a “semantic data lake” technology for defense acquisition operations. Based on cleaning and processing massive amounts of fragmented business text data, they established a defense acquisition knowledge system through comparative analysis, correlation retrieval, and comprehensive judgment. This automatically discovers and mines the interdependencies between defense acquisition and operational capability requirements, quickly identifies capability deficiencies, optimizes acquisition investment projects, and provides effective reference for defense acquisition management and decision-making.

Big data drives a paradigm shift in military scientific research innovation.

Reporter: Marked by AlphaFold’s accurate prediction of protein structure, big data-driven artificial intelligence technologies, represented by deep learning, are revolutionizing modern scientific research models. Could you share your understanding of building a data-intensive paradigm for military scientific research innovation?

Luo Wei: Turing Award winner Jim Gray proposed that human scientific research activities have gone through the “experimental science paradigm” at the beginning of the development of science and technology, the “theoretical science paradigm” characterized by models and induction, the “computational science paradigm” characterized by simulation, and are now developing into the “data-intensive science paradigm” characterized by big data analysis.

In the era of big data, scientific research is grappling with a data divide and is essentially drowning in data. Take the biomedical field as an example: over one million papers are published annually, yet scientists read only about 250 on average each year. Simultaneously, as the total amount of human knowledge continues to expand, scientists’ hypotheses are based on only a small fraction of that knowledge, and human creativity increasingly depends on the randomness of prior experience. In this context, automating scientific research using big data and artificial intelligence technologies has become the catalyst for a paradigm shift in scientific research.

For data-intensive military scientific research and innovation paradigms, on the one hand, based on massive amounts of data and models, simulations of military activities are conducted to explore data relationships and value, and to build a “bottom-level channel” for the integration of theory and technology. Data serves as a bridge to achieve mutual attraction and deep integration between military theory and military technology. On the other hand, through research such as automated reasoning of scientific knowledge, exploration of scientific mechanisms, and the construction of a human-machine symbiotic research ecosystem, data is used to enhance efficiency and stimulate vitality, thereby realizing the digitalization and intelligentization of military scientific research activities. This deeply taps into the innovative potential of military researchers and enhances the military’s scientific research productivity.

Li Congying: To build a data-intensive military scientific research innovation paradigm, we should focus on two aspects: First, we should accumulate a solid data foundation by strengthening the multi-source collection, classification, integration, verification, and validation of various data resources related to military scientific research, and integrating widely distributed data with different ownership into a logically unified data resource pool. Second, we should strengthen algorithm innovation by grasping the evolutionary laws and development trends of military scientific research paradigms, developing targeted intelligent algorithms and models, and integrating our understanding of the essence of war, the rules of combat, and the mechanisms of victory to efficiently support data-driven military scientific research applications.

The innovative development of military big data requires collaboration from all parties.

Reporter: Big data technology has strong versatility. So, how can we effectively utilize all technological resources to solve the challenges of military big data research and application?

Geng Guotong: For the development and construction of military big data, it is necessary to strengthen communication, collaboration, and integration, emphasize cooperation among all parties, and enhance the supply of high-quality big data technologies. Specifically, three key aspects need to be addressed:

First, we must strengthen top-level guidance. Major military powers worldwide have elevated data from a technological level to a “high-value-added strategic asset” and a “high-profit product” in the military field, promoting the large-scale use of military and civilian data by drawing on commercial practices to gain comprehensive military advantages. In light of this, we should strengthen top-level guidance, clarify supporting conditions such as data integration and sharing, on-demand secure use, and compensation for benefits, to achieve efficient use of national big data infrastructure, technological products, and high-end talent.

Second, innovate application mechanisms. Given the characteristics of big data technology products—short update cycles, rapid iteration, and flexible integration and deployment—some of the world’s leading military powers emphasize fully utilizing commercial big data technology frameworks to build agile information system architectures that apply data faster than their competitors. To this end, a rapid procurement channel for military big data technologies and products can be established, exploring models such as direct procurement, trial-before-you-buy, service purchase, and joint research and development to promote the rapid application and efficient transformation of big data technology research results.

Third, strengthen collaborative efforts. Given the versatility of big data technology, we can explore the establishment of new research and development institutions to focus on fundamental and forward-looking technologies, product development, and industrial incubation related to big data, thereby seizing the high ground for innovation in big data research and application.

Bai Xiaoying: Talent is the primary resource for data construction. Building a professional talent team that is proficient in data knowledge and familiar with national defense and military operations is the key to the development of military big data construction.

In recent years, some of the world’s leading military powers have adopted methods such as introducing civilian talent, training existing personnel, and strengthening qualification certification to focus on cultivating talent in military data theory research and technology development. The U.S. Defense Acquisition University has partnered with Stanford University, Johns Hopkins University, Google, and others to jointly cultivate military big data talent with expertise in both data science and technology.

現代國語：

軍事大數據：驅動未來軍事變革

——第三屆軍事大數據論壇期間有關專家答記者問

■雷 帥 解放軍報特約記者 王 晗 記者 邵龍飛

近年來，我軍持續推動大數據技術在軍事領域的應用，大數據逐步融入聯合作戰、建設管理和軍事科研之中，為軍事創新實踐帶來了新動能。

立足新形勢新要求，著眼加快軍事大數據建設發展，搭建軍地互通共享、互促共贏的學術交流平台，由軍事科學院主辦、主題為“軍事大數據發展前沿與展望”的第三屆軍事大數據論壇，於9月16日在京舉行。

論壇期間，解放軍報記者就軍事大數據相關話題，采訪了軍事科學院軍事科學信息研究中心主任耿國桐研究員、副主任白曉穎研究員、羅威研究員、李曉松高級工程師和李聰穎副研究員。

軍事大數據應用面臨復雜性挑戰

記者：在世界范圍內，大數據發展日新月異，關鍵技術加速突破應用，與產業發展深度融合，催生了一系列新技術、新應用、新業態和新模式。請問軍事大數據應用主要面臨哪些挑戰？

耿國桐：大數據提供了一種認識復雜系統的新模式、新方法和新手段。軍事活動所具有的環境高復雜性、博弈強對抗性、響應高實時性、信息不完整性、邊界不確定性等特點，決定了軍事大數據應用的復雜性。大數據、大算力、大模型三者結合，在機器翻譯、人機對話、自動駕駛等民用領域應用取得了巨大成功。但是，大數據驅動下的人工智能在面臨不確定性環境、特別是軍事復雜對抗環境時，仍難以達到令人滿意的應用效果。

未來智能化戰爭時代，無人系統、自主武器等廣泛運用，不僅會改變傳統作戰模式，也將引入新的復雜性。因此，與民用領域不同，復雜性將主導未來軍事大數據應用環境。如何通過大數據技術手段觀察、干預、度量戰爭復雜巨系統，是軍事大數據應用所面臨的主要挑戰。

白曉穎：我們也可從因果科學的角度來看待當前軍事大數據應用所面臨的挑戰。維克托·邁爾·舍恩伯格在《大數據時代》一書中提出：“大數據時代最大的轉變就是，放棄對因果關系的渴求，而取而代之關注相關關系。”目前，廣泛應用的深度學習和強化學習方法，本質上還是數據驅動的算法，通過觀察尋找規律、尋求相關關系，在揭示事物本質規律方面存在固有局限性。

未來軍事活動中，真假數據錯綜交織，數據迷霧、偽裝欺騙現象普遍存在。如果只重相關不重因果，很有可能陷入迷霧之中，去舍本逐末。因此，如何將大數據技術與因果推斷有機融合起來，透視數據關系、認清數據本質，是軍事大數據應用面臨的一大挑戰。

世界各軍事強國不遺余力推進軍事大數據建設

記者：當前，大數據建設已成為世界各軍事強國構築軍事優勢的“造血增智”工程，成為戰斗力增長的新途徑新動能。那麼，各軍事強國在推進軍事大數據建設方面有哪些新做法？

李曉松：面對人工智能時代的挑戰，以美國為代表的世界軍事強國認為，人工智能和大數據是“一枚硬幣的兩面”。其通過出台專項規劃、建立研發機構、加強力量統籌等舉措，持續強化人工智能與大數據的融合發展，搶佔未來智能化戰爭的發展先機，先後出台了《國防部數字現代化戰略》、國防部《數據戰略》等。英國近期也發布了首部《國防部數字戰略》，全方位推進以數據為中心的戰略轉型。

著眼落實戰略要求，美國進一步提出要實現數據可見、可訪問、可互聯、可信、互操作等目標，並通過制定標准規范、加大研發投入、引用商業先進技術等方式，體系化破解長期制約數據共享效率、服務作戰效能、互操作水平、數據分析能力等方面的瓶頸問題，軍事大數據建設效益逐步凸顯。

今年6月，美國防部啟動了“人工智能與數據加速計劃”，為11個聯合作戰司令部增派“作戰數據小組”和“人工智能專家小組”等專業團隊，力求在瞬息萬變的戰場環境中，獲得比對手更快的判斷力、決策力和行動力。

李聰穎：除強化戰略引領外，各軍事強國紛紛布局開展系列項目，加速大數據技術研發成果向作戰能力轉化。比如，美國防部實施“大數據到決策”項目，重點研發大數據管理和利用技術，構建能獨立完成操控並做出決策的自治式系統，以實現操作和決策的自動化；美軍特種作戰司令部啟動“阿凡達”工程，通過在各種互聯網和數據庫等公開數據源上自動運行關鍵詞搜索的方式，使得作戰人員獲取相關戰場數據，盡可能構建實時的戰場環境圖像；美空軍研發的F-35戰機綜合無縫保障系統，整合歷史狀態監控、故障診斷、維修任務規劃等海量數據，實時接收飛行數據，以實現智能故障診斷、維修任務高效規劃與維修資源精准調配。俄羅斯研發的戰斗指揮信息系統，突破戰場態勢大數據智能分析技術，已配發應用。

大數據驅動未來作戰樣式變革

記者：人工智能技術正加速向軍事領域滲透，深刻改變著未來戰爭的制勝機理、力量結構和作戰方式。請問應該怎樣認識把握大數據在未來智能化戰爭中的關鍵作用？

耿國桐：數據賦能人工智能，必將成為未來軍事變革的新引擎。“無數據不勝”已成為智能化戰爭的本質規律和顯著特征。

首先，數據賦能智能化裝備。將通過數據流驅動硬件與算法深度融合、機器智能與人類智慧深度結合，突破傳統裝備系統在時間、空間、機動、成本上的限制，釋放武器裝備體系作戰效能。美軍“第三次抵消戰略”，以智能化軍隊、自主化裝備和無人化系統為重點，計劃在2050年全面實現作戰平台、信息系統、指揮控制等智能化甚至無人化，形成新的裝備“代差”，實現真正的“機器人戰爭”。在新一輪巴以沖突中，以色列利用其人工智能技術優勢，融合匯聚多源情報信息與戰場數據，輔助實施作戰行動，漸露智能化戰爭端倪。

其次，數據賦能形成新的戰爭形態。以數據分析與處理為核心，將改變部隊力量編成方式、對抗的強弱關系以及催生系列新型作戰樣式，形成以數據為中心的智能化戰爭形態。

再次，數據賦能變革作戰指揮。隨著認知人工智能的進步和應用，以數據為核心的智能參謀將在最短時間內，以最有效方式從“數據洪流”中提取高價值信息。特別是自行感知、判斷、決策、應對相應威脅，在指揮控制鏈條中形成對敵快速決策優勢，達成“運籌於數據之中、決勝於數據之上”，實現真正的“決策中心戰”。

羅威：在當前機械化信息化智能化融合發展的形勢下，將大數據技術嵌入殺傷鏈，對作戰力量編成進行模塊化、一體化改造，可充分釋放作戰能力。同時，也應該清醒認識到，決定戰爭勝負的關鍵因素仍然是人，大數據和人工智能技術不可能完全取代人，不能改變人在戰爭中的決定性地位。

大數據有力支撐軍事管理革命

記者：當前，正在積極推進以效能為核心的軍事管理革命。那麼如何運用大數據來變革軍隊建設管理模式？

李曉松：隨著國防和軍隊現代化建設進入新時代，數據正成為建設管理和科學決策的重要依據。探索大數據與軍隊建設管理融合滲透、協同發展的新模式，借助大數據精算、深算、細算發展路徑，支撐推開以效能為核心、以精准為導向的軍事管理革命，要把握以下三個方面：

一是堅持需求牽引。大數據蓬勃發展的領域，都與業務場景緊密耦合。只有把需求弄清楚，才能明白要建設什麼數據、開發什麼模型、形成什麼產品，否則就是“眉毛胡子一把抓”。

二是注重嵌入流程。軍事管理活動復雜多樣，只有把數據思維貫穿於規劃、執行、監督、評估等全鏈條，融入戰略規劃、裝備管理、後勤保障、人員管理等業務體系，才能實現業務流程再造和資源精准配置。

三是強化融合共享。部門壁壘和條塊分割一直是影響數據價值效用發揮的重要因素。要通過全面加強法規標准建設，積極推動業務上網、數據上線，有效破解共享利用難題，為數據驅動的軍隊建設管理新模式奠定基礎。

白曉穎：知識圖譜、自然語言處理、數據挖掘、數據計算、數據治理等技術的發展，也為構建數據驅動的軍隊建設管理模式提供了技術支撐。比如，美國防部與麻省理工學院合作，開發面向國防采辦業務的“語義數據湖”技術。他們在清洗處理海量碎片化業務文本數據基礎上，通過對比分析、關聯檢索和綜合研判，建立國防采辦知識體系，自動發現和挖掘國防采辦與作戰能力需求之間的相互依賴關系，快速查找能力缺陷，優化采辦投資項目，為國防采辦管理與決策提供有效的參考借鑑。

大數據推動軍事科研創新范式變革

記者：以AlphaFold准確預測蛋白質結構為標志，以深度學習為代表的大數據驅動人工智能技術正在顛覆著現代科學研究模式。那麼，對於構建數據密集型的軍事科研創新范式，請談一下您的理解。

羅威：計算機圖靈獎獲得者吉姆·格雷提出，人類科研活動歷經科學技術發展之初的“實驗科學范式”、以模型和歸納為特征的“理論科學范式”、以模擬仿真為特征的“計算科學范式”，正發展到以大數據分析為特征的“數據密集型科學范式”。

可以說，大數據時代，科學研究正陷入數據鴻溝與淹溺之中。以生物醫學領域為例，每年發表論文超過100萬篇，科學家每年平均閱讀量卻只有250篇左右。與此同時，隨著人類的知識總量不斷擴大，科學家作出的假設只是基於知識總量的很小一部分，且人類創造力愈發取決於先前經驗的隨機性。在這種情況下，運用大數據和人工智能技術實現科學研究的自動化，成為當前科學研究范式變革的引爆點。

對於數據密集型軍事科研創新范式而言，一方面基於海量數據與模型，開展軍事活動的仿真模擬，挖掘數據關系和價值，搭建理技融合的“底層通道”，以數據為橋梁，來實現軍事理論和軍事科技的互牽互引、深度融合。另一方面，通過科技知識自動推理、科學機理探究、人機共生的科研生態構建等研究，以數據聚能增效，以數據激發活力，來實現軍事科研活動數字化、智能化，從而深度挖掘軍事科研工作者創新潛能，解放軍事科研生產力。

李聰穎：對於構建數據密集型的軍事科研創新范式，還應注重把握兩個方面問題：厚積數據基礎，加強軍事科研相關各類數據資源的多源采集、分類融合、校核驗證，將廣域分布、權屬不同的數據融合成邏輯一體的數據資源池；強化算法創新，把握軍事科研范式演進規律及發展趨勢，針對性研發智能算法和模型，融入對戰爭本質的認知、對作戰規則的理解和對制勝機理的把握，高效支撐數據驅動的軍事科研應用。

軍事大數據創新發展需要各方協作

記者：大數據技術具有很強的通用性。那麼，如何有效利用一切科技力量，破解軍事大數據研發與應用難題？

耿國桐：對於軍事大數據建設發展而言，需要加強交流、協作和融合，注重各方協作，強化高質量大數據技術供給。具體而言，需要重點把握三個方面：

一是加強頂層推進。世界各軍事強國已將數據從技術層面上升為“軍事領域高附加值的戰略資產”“高利潤產品”來認識，通過借鑑商業做法推動軍地數據的規模化使用，獲取全方位軍事優勢。鑑於此，可加強頂層指導，明晰數據融合共享、按需安全使用、利益補償等配套條件，實現國家大數據基礎設施、技術產品和高端人才等的高效使用。

二是創新應用機制。針對大數據技術產品更新換代周期短、迭代速度快、集成部署靈活等特點，世界一些軍事強國注重充分利用商業大數據技術框架，構建快於競爭對手數據應用的敏捷信息體系架構。為此，可構建軍事大數據技術與產品的快速采購通道，探索運用直接采購、先試後買、購買服務、聯合研發等模式，推動大數據技術研發成果的快速應用和高效轉化。

三是強化力量協同。針對大數據技術通用性強的特點，可探索成立新型研發機構，聚焦軍事應用場景開展大數據基礎性、前瞻性技術攻關、產品研發和產業孵化，搶佔大數據研發與應用的創新高地。

白曉穎：人才是數據建設的第一資源，打造一支既精通數據知識，又熟悉國防和軍隊業務的專業人才隊伍，是軍事大數據建設發展的關鍵。

近年來，世界一些軍事強國采取引進民用人才、培養現有人員、加強資格認證等方式，重點培養軍事數據理論研究與技術研發人才。美國防采辦大學與斯坦福大學、約翰斯霍普金斯大學、谷歌等合作，聯合培養“數業俱精”的軍事大數據人才。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/yw_20887827/180089287287.html

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Chinese #Quantum #technology, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Combat Planning, Command information Systems, Information Support Force

Analyzing the Forms of Chinese Military Intelligent Combat

Leave a comment

分析中國軍事情報作戰的形式

現代英語：

Operational form refers to the manifestation and state of combat under certain conditions, and is usually adapted to a certain form of warfare and combat method. With the development and widespread use of intelligent weapon systems, future intelligent warfare will inevitably present a completely different form from mechanized and informationized warfare.

　　Cloud-based combat system

　　The combat system is the fundamental basis for the aggregation and release of combat energy. An informationized combat system is based on a network information system, while an intelligent combat system is supported by a combat cloud. The combat cloud can organically reorganize dispersed combat resources into a flexible and dynamic combat resource pool. It features virtualization, connectivity, distribution, easy scalability, and on-demand services, enabling each combat unit to acquire resources on demand. It is a crucial support for achieving cross-domain collaboration and represents a new organizational form for intelligent combat systems.

　　The cloud-supported combat system utilizes cloud technology to connect information, physical systems, and the ubiquitous Internet of Things. By configuring combat resource clouds at different levels and scales, it highly shares multi-dimensional combat data across land, sea, air, and space, achieving battlefield resource integration across combat domains such as land, sea, air, space, electronic, and cyber domains. This allows various combat elements to converge into the cloud, completing the network interaction of battlefield data.

　　The cloud-connected combat system enables joint operations to integrate battlefield intelligence information widely distributed across various domains—space, air, ground, sea, and underwater—with the support of big data and cloud computing technologies. This allows for seamless, real-time, and on-demand distribution of information across these domains, achieving cross-domain information fusion and efficient sharing. It also enables command structures at all levels to leverage intelligent command and control systems for multi-dimensional intelligence analysis, battlefield situation assessment, operational optimization, decision-making, operational planning, and troop movement control. Furthermore, it allows combat forces to rapidly and flexibly adjust, optimize configurations, and recombine online based on real-time operational needs, forming adaptive task forces and implementing distributed, focused operations, supported by highly integrated cross-domain information technology. At the same time, through the cross-domain fusion capability of battlefield information in the combat cloud, it is also possible to form an integrated combat force with intelligent combat forces, traditional combat forces, manned combat forces and unmanned combat forces, and intangible space combat forces and tangible space combat forces. In the cloud, different combat units and combat elements in land, sea, air, space, electronic, and cyberspace can be highly integrated, coordinated, and have their strengths maximized. This enables cross-domain and cross-generational collaborative operations, transforming the overall combat effectiveness from the past gradual release and linear superposition of combat effects to non-linear, emergent, adaptive effects fusion and precise energy release.

　　Decentralized and concentrated battlefield deployment

　　Concentrating superior forces is an age-old principle of warfare. With the continuous improvement of network information systems and the widespread use of intelligent weapon systems, various combat forces, combat units, and combat elements can dynamically integrate into and rely on joint operations systems, disperse forces, quickly switch tasks, and dynamically aggregate effectiveness to cope with complex and ever-changing battlefield situations. This has become a force organization form that distinguishes intelligent warfare from information warfare.

　　The battlefield deployment of dispersed and concentrated forces refers to the joint operations system supported by cloud computing, in which various participating forces rely on the high degree of information sharing and rapid flow. Through node-based deployment, networked mobility, and virtual centralization, it can combine various combat elements, weapon platforms, and combat support systems that are dispersed in a multi-dimensional and vast battlefield space in real time, dynamically and flexibly, so as to achieve the distributed deployment of combat forces, the on-demand reorganization of combat modules, and the cross-domain integration of combat effectiveness.

　　The dispersed and concentrated battlefield deployment enables commanders at all levels to deeply perceive and accurately predict the battlefield situation through big data analysis, battlefield situation collection, and multi-source intelligence verification by intelligent command information systems. This allows for rapid and efficient situation assessment and early warning. Furthermore, the wide-area deployment and flexible configuration of various combat forces and units enable timely responses based on predetermined operational plans or ad-hoc collaborative needs. This allows for flexible and autonomous cross-domain coordination, rapid convergence and dispersal, and dynamic concentration of combat effectiveness. At critical times and in critical spaces, focusing on key nodes of the enemy’s operational system and high-value targets crucial to the overall strategic situation, it rapidly forms a system-wide operational advantage. Through a highly resilient and networked kill chain, it precisely releases combat effectiveness, generating an overall advantage spillover effect, thus forming an overwhelming advantage of multiple domains over one domain and the overall situation over the local situation. Especially during the release of combat effectiveness, each combat group, driven by “intelligence + data”, and based on pre-planned combat plans, can autonomously replan combat missions online around combat objectives, and automatically allocate targets online according to the actual combat functions and strengths of each combat unit within the group. This allows each unit to make the most of its strengths and advantages, and flexibly mobilize the free aggregation and dispersal of “materials + energy” in combat operations. Ultimately, this enables rapid matching and integration in terms of targets, situation, missions, capabilities, and timing, thereby forming a focused energy flow that releases systemic energy against the enemy.

　　Human-machine integrated command and control

　　The history of operational command development shows that decision-making and control methods in operational command activities always adapt to the development of the times. With the maturity of artificial intelligence technology and the continuous development of the self-generation, self-organization, and self-evolution of military intelligent systems, various weapon systems will evolve from information-based “low intelligence” to brain-like “high intelligence.” The combat style will evolve from information-based system combat to human-machine collaborative combat supported by the system. The autonomy of the war actors will become stronger, and the intelligence level of command and control systems will become higher. Fully leveraging the comparative advantages of “human and machine” and implementing decision-making and control through the “human-machine integration” model is a brand-new command form for future intelligent warfare.

　　Human-machine integrated command and control, supported by a reasonable division of functions between humans and machines and efficient decision-making through human-machine interaction, fully leverages the complementary advantages of human brain and machine intelligence to achieve the integration of command art and technology. In the process of intelligent combat decision-making and action, it enables rapid, accurate, scientific, and efficient activities such as situation analysis and judgment, combat concept design, combat decision determination, combat plan formulation, and order issuance. It also adopts a “human-in-the-loop” monitoring mode that combines autonomous action by intelligent combat platforms with timely correction by operators to organize and implement combat operations.

　　Human-machine integrated command and control, during planning and decision-making, can construct a combat cloud under the commander’s guidance through ubiquitous battlefield networks, intelligent auxiliary decision-making systems, and distributed intelligent combat platforms. Based on a model- and algorithm-driven intelligent “cloud brain,” it performs intelligent auxiliary decision-making, command and control, and evaluation simulations, combining “human strategy” with “machine strategy.” This leverages the respective strengths of both human and machine, achieving a deep integration of command strategy and intelligent support technologies, significantly improving the speed and accuracy of command decisions. During operational control, staff personnel can, based on operational intentions and missions, utilize intelligent battlefield perception systems, mission planning systems, and command and control systems, following a “synchronous perception—” approach. The basic principle of “rapid response and flexible handling” is based on a unified spatiotemporal benchmark and relies on a multi-dimensional networked reconnaissance and surveillance system to perceive changes in the battlefield situation in real time. It comprehensively uses auxiliary analysis tools to compare and analyze the differences between the current situation and the expected objectives and their impact, and makes timely adjustments to actions and adjusts troop movements on the spot to maintain combat advantage at all times. During the execution of operations, the command and control of intelligent combat platforms by operators of various weapon systems at all levels will be timely and precise to intervene according to the development and changes in the battlefield situation. While giving full play to the high speed, high precision and high autonomous combat capabilities of intelligent combat platforms, it ensures that they always operate under human control and always follow the overall combat intent.

　　Autonomous and coordinated combat operations

　　Implementing autonomous operations is crucial for commanders at all levels to seize opportunities, adapt to changing circumstances, and act rapidly on the ever-changing battlefield, gaining an advantage and preventing the enemy from making a move. This is a vital operational principle and requirement. Previously, due to constraints such as intelligence gathering, command and control methods, and battlefield coordination capabilities, truly autonomous and coordinated operations were difficult to achieve. However, with the continuous development and widespread application of information technology, collaborative control technology, and especially artificial intelligence in the military field, autonomous and coordinated operations will become the most prevalent form of collaboration in future intelligent warfare.

　　Autonomous and coordinated combat operations refer to the rapid acquisition, processing, and sharing of battlefield situation information by various combat forces in a cloud environment supported by multi-dimensional coverage, seamless network links, on-demand extraction of information resources, and flexible and rapid organizational support. This is achieved by utilizing “edge response” intelligence processing systems and big data-based battlefield situation intelligent analysis systems. With little or no reliance on the control of higher command organizations, these forces can accurately and comprehensively grasp intelligence information related to their operations and actively and proactively organize combat and coordinated actions based on changes in the enemy situation and unified operational intentions.

　　Autonomous and coordinated combat operations, while enhancing the autonomy of organizational operations at the local level, are further characterized by various intelligent weapon systems possessing the ability to understand combat intentions and highly adaptive and coordinated. They can automatically complete the “OODA” cycle with minimal or no human intervention, forming a complete closed-loop “adaptive” circuit. This enables them to efficiently execute complex and challenging combat missions. In rapidly changing battlefield environments, they can accurately and continuously conduct autonomous reconnaissance and detection of enemy situations, autonomously process battlefield situational information, autonomously identify friend or foe, autonomously track targets, and autonomously and flexibly select mission payloads, and autonomously launch attacks within the permissions granted by operators. Furthermore, during combat, intelligent weapon systems located in different spaces can, as the battlefield situation evolves and combat needs arise, form a combat power generation chain of “situational sharing—synchronous collaboration—optimal energy release” around a unified combat objective. Following the principle of “whoever is suitable, whoever leads; whoever has the advantage, whoever strikes,” they autonomously coordinate, precisely releasing dispersed firepower, information power, mobility, and protective power to the most appropriate targets at the most appropriate time and in the most appropriate manner, autonomously organizing combat operations. In addition, highly intelligent weapon systems can not only adapt to high-risk and complex combat environments and overcome human limitations in physiology and psychology, but also enter the extreme space of all domains and multiple dimensions to carry out missions. Moreover, they can conduct continuous combat with perception accuracy, computing speed and endurance far exceeding that of humans, autonomously carry out simultaneous cluster attacks and multi-wave continuous attacks, form a continuous high-intensity suppression posture against the enemy, and quickly achieve combat objectives.

[ Editor: Ding Yubing ]

現代國語：

作戰形式是指在特定條件下作戰的展現方式和狀態，通常與某種戰爭形式和作戰方法相適應。隨著智慧武器系統的發展和廣泛應用，未來的智慧戰爭必將呈現出與機械化戰爭和資訊化戰爭截然不同的形式。

雲端作戰系統

作戰系統是作戰能量聚合與釋放的根本基礎。資訊化作戰系統基於網路資訊系統，而智慧作戰系統則由作戰雲支撐。作戰雲能夠將分散的作戰資源自然地重組為靈活動態的作戰資源池。它具有虛擬化、互聯互通、分散式、易於擴展和按需服務等特點，使每個作戰單位都能按需獲取資源。它是實現跨域協同作戰的關鍵支撐，代表了智慧作戰系統的一種新型組織形式。

雲端作戰系統利用雲端技術連接資訊、實體系統和無所不在的物聯網。透過配置不同層級、規模的作戰資源雲，該系統能夠跨陸、海、空、天等多個作戰領域實現多維作戰資料的高效共享，從而實現陸、海、空、天、電子、網路等作戰領域的戰場資源整合。這使得各種作戰要素能夠匯聚到雲端，完成戰場資料的網路互動。

雲端連接作戰系統借助大數據和雲端運算技術，使聯合作戰能夠整合廣泛分佈於天、空、地、海、水下等多個領域的戰場情報資訊。這實現了跨領域資訊的無縫、即時和按需分發，從而實現跨域資訊融合和高效共享。此外，該系統還使各級指揮機構能夠利用智慧指揮控制系統進行多維情報分析、戰場態勢評估、作戰優化、決策、作戰計畫制定和部隊調動控制。此外，它還允許作戰部隊根據即時作戰需求，在線上快速且靈活地調整、優化配置和重組，形成適應性特遣部隊，並實施分散式、聚焦式作戰，這一切都得益於高度整合的跨域資訊技術的支援。同時，透過作戰雲中戰場資訊的跨域融合能力，還可以將智慧作戰部隊、傳統作戰部隊、有人作戰部隊和無人作戰部隊、無形空間作戰部隊和有形空間作戰部隊整合為一體化作戰力量。在雲端，陸、海、空、天、電子、網路空間等不同作戰單位和作戰要素可以高度整合、協調，並最大限度地發揮各自的優勢。這使得跨域、跨世代協同作戰成為可能，將整體作戰效能從以往作戰效果的逐步釋放和線性疊加轉變為非線性、湧現式、適應性的效果融合和精準的能量釋放。

分散與集中的戰場部署

集中優勢兵力是古老的戰爭原則。隨著網路資訊系統的不斷完善和智慧武器系統的廣泛應用，各類作戰力量、作戰單位和作戰要素能夠動態地融入聯合作戰系統並依託其運作，實現兵力分散、任務快速切換、動態聚合作戰效能，從而應對複雜多變的戰場形勢。這已成為區分智慧戰和資訊戰的兵力組織形式。

戰場分散與集中兵力部署是指基於雲端運算的聯合作戰系統，其中各參戰力量依托高度的資訊共享和快速流動，透過節點式部署、網路化移動和虛擬集中等方式，能夠即時、動態、靈活地整合分散在多維廣大戰場空間中的各類部署、作戰作戰、武器平台和作戰系統，從而實現分散在多維廣大戰場空間中的各類部署、作戰作戰、武器平台和作戰系統，從而實現作戰力量的分佈以及跨域作戰空間中的各類部署、作戰級作戰、武器效能的以及跨域作戰元素，從而實現作戰力量的跨域作戰、作戰效能的跨域作戰元素。

分散與集中的戰場部署使得各級指揮官能夠透過智慧指揮資訊系統進行大數據分析、戰場態勢擷取與多源情報驗證，從而深入感知並準確預測戰場態勢。這使得快速和高效率的態勢評估與預警。此外，各類作戰部隊和單位的大範圍部署和靈活配置，使其能夠根據預定的作戰計畫或臨時協同需求做出及時反應。這實現了靈活自主的跨域協同、快速的匯聚與分散，以及動態集中作戰效能。在關鍵時刻和關鍵區域，透過聚焦敵方作戰系統的關鍵節點和對整體戰略態勢至關重要的高價值目標，迅速形成系統級的作戰優勢。透過高韌性、網路化的殺傷鏈，精準釋放作戰效能，產生整體優勢的溢出效應，從而形成多域對單域的壓倒性優勢，以及整體態勢對局部態勢的壓倒性優勢。尤其是在釋放作戰效能的過程中，各作戰群在「情報+數據」的驅動下，基於預先制定的作戰計劃，能夠圍繞作戰目標自主地在線重新規劃作戰任務，並根據群內各作戰單位的實際作戰功能和實力，自動在線分配目標。這使得每個單位都能充分發揮自身優勢，靈活調動作戰行動中「物質+能量」的自由聚合與分散。最終，這能夠實現目標、態勢、任務、能力和時間等方面的快速匹配與整合，從而形成集中的能量流，釋放系統性能量對抗敵人。

人機一體化指揮控制

作戰指揮發展史表明，作戰指揮活動中的決策和控制方法始終與時俱進。隨著人工智慧技術的成熟以及軍事智慧系統自生成、自組織、自演化的不斷發展，各種武器系統將從基於資訊的「低智慧」向類腦的「高智慧」演進。作戰方式也將從資訊為基礎的系統作戰向系統支援的人機協同作戰演進。作戰主體的自主性將增強，指揮控制系統的智慧水準也將提高。充分發揮「人機」的比較優勢，透過「人機融合」模式進行決策與控制，是未來智慧戰爭的全新指揮形式。

人機融合指揮控制，以人機功能合理劃分與人機互動高效決策為基礎，充分發揮人腦與機器智慧的互補優勢，實現指揮藝術與科技的融合。在智慧作戰決策和行動過程中，能夠快速、準確、科學、有效率地進行態勢分析判斷、作戰概念設計、作戰決策確定、作戰計畫制定和命令下達等活動。同時，它採用「人機協同」監控模式，將智慧作戰平台的自主行動與操作人員的及時糾正相結合，組織和實施作戰行動。

人機融合指揮控制在計畫和決策階段，能夠透過無所不在的戰場網路、智慧輔助決策系統和分散式智慧作戰平台，在指揮官的指導下建構作戰雲。基於模型和演算法驅動的智慧“雲大腦”，該系統能夠進行智慧輔助決策、指揮控制和評估模擬，將“人機戰略”相結合，充分發揮人機各自的優勢，實現指揮戰略與智能支援技術的深度融合，顯著提升指揮決策的速度和準確性。在作戰控制過程中，參謀人員可以根據作戰意圖和任務，運用智慧戰場感知系統、任務規劃系統和指揮控制系統，遵循「同步感知」的原則。該系統以統一的時空基準為基礎，依托多維網路偵察監視系統，即時感知戰場態勢變化，並綜合運用輔助分析工具，對比分析當前態勢與預期目標之間的差異及其影響，及時調整行動，並根據實際情況調整部隊調動，始終保持作戰優勢。在作戰執行過程中，指揮人員能夠根據作戰意圖和任務，即時運用智慧輔助決策、指揮控制和評估模擬等手段，對戰場態勢變化進行即時感知和評估模擬。各級不同武器系統操作人員對智慧作戰平台的控制，將能夠根據戰場情勢的發展變化及時、精準地進行幹預。在充分發揮智慧作戰平台高速、高精度、高自主作戰能力的同時，確保其始終在人為控制下運行，並始終遵循整體作戰意圖。

自主協同作戰

對於各級指揮官而言，實施自主作戰至關重要，它能夠幫助他們抓住機會、適應不斷變化的環境、在瞬息萬變的戰場上迅速行動，取得優勢並阻止敵方行動。這是一項至關重要的作戰原則和要求。過去，由於情報收集、指揮控制方式以及戰場協同能力等方面的限制，真正實現自主協同作戰較為困難。然而，隨著資訊科技、協同控制技術，特別是人工智慧在軍事領域的不斷發展和廣泛應用，自主協同作戰將成為未來智慧戰爭中最普遍的協同作戰形式。

自主協同作戰是指在多維覆蓋、無縫網路鏈路、按需提取資訊資源以及靈活快速的組織支援等雲環境下，各作戰部隊快速獲取、處理和共享戰場態勢資訊。這主要透過利用「邊緣響應」情報處理系統和基於大數據技術的戰場態勢智慧分析系統來實現。這些部隊在幾乎無需依賴上級指揮機構的控制的情況下，能夠準確、全面地掌握與其作戰相關的情報信息，並根據敵情變化和統一作戰意圖，主動組織作戰和協同行動。

自主協同作戰在增強局部組織作戰自主性的同時，也具有多種智慧武器系統能夠理解作戰意圖並高度適應和協調的特徵。這些系統能夠在極少或無需人為幹預的情況下自動完成“OODA循環”，形成完整的閉環“自適應”迴路。這使得它們能夠有效率地執行複雜且具挑戰性的作戰任務。在瞬息萬變的戰場環境中，智慧武器系統能夠準確、持續地自主偵察敵情，自主處理戰場態勢訊息，自主辨識敵我，自主追蹤目標，自主靈活地選擇任務負荷，並在操作人員授權範圍內自主發動攻擊。此外，在戰鬥中，分佈於不同空間的智慧武器系統能夠隨著戰場態勢的演變和作戰需求的出現，圍繞著統一的作戰目標，形成「態勢共享—同步協同—最優能量釋放」的作戰能力生成鏈。遵循「適者先攻，優勢者出擊」的原則，它們自主協調，在最恰當的時間以最恰當的方式，將分散的火力、資訊能力、機動性和防護能力精準地釋放到最恰當的目標，自主組織作戰行動。此外，高度智慧化的武器系統不僅能夠適應高風險、複雜的作戰環境，克服人類生理和心理的限制，還能進入多域、多維度的極端空間執行任務。此外，它們能夠以遠超人類的感知精度、運算速度和續航能力進行持續作戰，自主執行同步集群攻擊和多波次連續攻擊，形成對敵持續高強度壓制態勢，並迅速達成作戰目標。

[ 編：丁玉冰 ]

中國原創軍事資源：https://mil.gmw.cn/2022-02/284/content_38585848178687.htm

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare

China’s Forward-looking Intelligent Combat System Provides Chinese Military a “Smart” Advantage

Leave a comment

中國前瞻性的智慧作戰系統為中國軍隊提供了「智慧」優勢

現代英語：

The evolution of warfare and combat styles is inextricably linked to profound changes in combat systems. The “intelligence” of intelligent combat systems lies not merely in the accumulation of technologies, but more importantly in the reconstruction of the paths for generating and releasing combat power, enabling leaps in combat effectiveness and serving as a key fulcrum for achieving victory in future wars. A deep understanding and forward-looking construction of the “intelligent” advantages of intelligent combat systems has become an essential requirement for winning intelligent warfare.

Survival advantages of elastic redundancy

The survival of operational elements is fundamental to victory in combat. Intelligent combat systems, through distributed and flexible deployment, modular functional reconfiguration, and autonomous damage recovery, have formed a resilient survival mode to cope with high-intensity confrontation and uncertainty.

Heterogeneous and distributed global deployment. Heterogeneity reflects the degree of aggregation of different capabilities on the same platform, while distribution reflects the degree of distribution of the same capability on different platforms. Intelligent combat systems enhance the diversity of platform capabilities through heterogeneity. For example, new combat aircraft can serve as multi-functional integrated platforms with sensing, command and control, relay, and strike capabilities. By distributing combat functions to different platforms, large-scale, low-cost global deployment can be achieved. For instance, the same combat function can be assigned to multiple platforms and systems such as UAVs and loitering munitions. With the heterogeneous dispersion and matrix cross-linking of intelligent nodes, continuous pressure can be formed everywhere and in all directions in physical space, while rapid aggregation in key directions can be achieved. This unifies global elasticity and dynamic real-time optimization, maximizing functional distribution and effectiveness release to cope with the uncertainties of intelligent combat.

Functional restructuring through modular combination. The intelligent combat system, employing a flexible paradigm of software-defined, task-oriented invocation, and modular reconfiguration, deconstructs functions fixed to specific equipment into standardized, interoperable hardware and software modules. During combat, based on rapidly changing battlefield demands, these modules can be quickly and flexibly loaded and combined online through a unified interface and open architecture, achieving non-linear functional combinations and flexible capability reshaping. This plug-and-play, on-demand generation model unlocks unlimited functional potential within a limited physical scale, realizing a shift from “using whatever weapons are available to fight” to “generating the appropriate capabilities for the specific battle,” fundamentally enhancing the adaptability and mission flexibility of the combat system.

Self-healing resilience. The advantage of an intelligent combat system lies not in its absolute invulnerability, but in its self-healing resilience—the ability to detect damage and reconstruct immediately upon interruption. When some nodes fail due to combat damage or interference, the system autonomously and rapidly diagnoses the damage based on preset functions and path redundancy rules. It then mobilizes nearby healthy nodes to take over the mission or activates backup communication paths to rebuild connections, propelling the system to quickly transition to a new stable state. This inherent elastic redundancy allows the system to maintain core functions and reconstruct the combat network even after enduring continuous attacks, minimizing the impact of combat damage on overall combat effectiveness.

The cognitive advantage of agile penetration

Cognitive advantage is key to gaining the initiative in battlefield information and achieving decisive victory. Its essence lies in breaking through the barriers of “information fog” and the constraints of “decision anxiety” through the deep integration of intelligent algorithms and advanced sensors, and realizing a leap from passive perception to proactive cognition.

Resilient communication capable of adapting to changing circumstances. Resilient communication refers to the ability of communication systems to detect interference in real time and dynamically reconfigure links in highly contested and complex electromagnetic environments to maintain the continuity and stability of command and control. Intelligent combat systems, relying on technologies such as cognitive radio, achieve on-demand allocation of communication resources, intelligent optimization of transmission paths, and autonomous reconfiguration of network topology, enabling them to “penetrate gaps” in complex electromagnetic environments and flexibly acquire communication “windows.” This resilience—able to maintain communication even amidst interference and resume operations even after interruptions—ensures the continuity of command and control relationships in extremely harsh electromagnetic environments, providing a reliable communication line for system cognitive activities.

The organic integration of multi-modal information. Multi-modal integration refers to the process of extracting consistency from diverse and heterogeneous information to form a high-value battlefield situation. The intelligent combat system, based on intelligent algorithms, performs cross-modal alignment of data from different sources such as radar, optoelectronics, reconnaissance, and cyber warfare. It automatically extracts enemy deployment, action patterns, and tactical intentions from massive and fragmented intelligence, achieving heterogeneous complementarity and cross-verification. This drives a qualitative leap from data redundancy to accurate intelligence, thereby providing commanders with a comprehensive and reliable battlefield cognitive map, clearing away the “fog of war,” and reaching the core of the situation.

Human-machine interaction achieves seamless intent. Intent-based intent aims to bridge the semantic gap between human commanders and intelligent combat systems, enabling precise and lossless conversion from natural language commands to machine-executable tasks. Intelligent combat systems utilize technologies such as natural language processing and knowledge graphs to construct an intelligent interaction engine with natural language understanding and logical reasoning capabilities. This engine automatically decomposes the commander’s general operational intent into task lists, constraints, and evaluation criteria, generating machine-understandable and executable tactical instructions and action sequences, which are then precisely distributed to the corresponding combat units, directly driving their execution. This “what is thought is what is directed, what is directed is what is attacked” command model significantly reduces the understanding and communication cycle in the traditional command chain, enabling deep integration of human and machine intelligence at the decision-making level and achieving a leap in command effectiveness.

Synergistic advantages of autonomous adaptation

Synergistic advantages are a multiplier for unleashing the effectiveness of system-of-systems warfare. The synergy of intelligent combat systems transcends programmed pre-setup, manifesting as the self-organizing and adaptive synchronization and cooperation of cross-domain combat units under unified rules and common missions. Its essence is the embodiment of system intelligence at the operational level.

Spatiotemporal coordination constrained by rules. Spatiotemporal coordination refers to setting action boundaries and interaction rules for widely dispersed combat units within a unified spatiotemporal reference framework, ensuring their orderly cooperation in the physical domain. Under a unified operational rule framework, each unit of the intelligent combat system autonomously calculates its relative position and predicts its trajectory through intelligent algorithms, achieving time-domain calibration, spatial-domain integration, and frequency-domain nesting of different platforms. This ensures conflict-free path planning, interference-free spectrum use, and accident-free firepower application. This collaborative mechanism, which combines order and flexibility, avoids mutual interference while maintaining tactical flexibility, providing a spatiotemporal reference for combat operations in complex battlefield environments.

Task-driven logical coordination. Logical coordination refers to using combat missions as the underlying logic, autonomously decomposing tasks, allocating resources, and planning actions to achieve intelligent organization and scheduling. The intelligent combat system, based on task analysis, capability matching, and planning generation algorithms, automatically decomposes combat objectives into specific action sequences and intelligently schedules corresponding combat units to “dispatch orders.” Each intelligent node, based on its understanding of the overall mission, real-time situational awareness, and its own capabilities, autonomously decides on action plans through a multi-agent negotiation mechanism and dynamically negotiates and cooperates with relevant units to “accept orders.” This task-oriented command greatly liberates higher-level commanders, enabling the system to possess agility and flexibility in responding to emergencies and significantly improving its mission adaptability.

Target-aligned awareness collaboration. Awareness collaboration refers to the autonomous decision-making and actions of combat units based on a shared understanding of the target and environment, resulting in synergistic effects. Intelligent combat systems consist of systems or nodes with predictive and reasoning capabilities. Driven by operational objectives, they can anticipate the actions of friendly forces and the course of the battlefield, and through local perception and independent decision-making, conduct self-organized and self-inspired collaborative support. This efficiency-driven, unspoken consensus transcends communication constraints and pre-set procedures, enabling the system to demonstrate exceptional adaptability and creativity when facing powerful adversaries.

The evolutionary advantages of learning iteration

Evolutionary advantage is key to a combat system’s sustained competitiveness and ability to seize the initiative on the battlefield. Intelligent combat systems rely on real-time adversarial data to drive overall optimization, accelerate capability diffusion through cross-domain experience transfer, and foster disruptive tactics through virtual gaming environments, thereby achieving autonomous evolution and generational leaps in combat effectiveness during the adversarial process.

The evolution of a system built upon accumulated experience. Intelligent combat systems will gather perception, decision-making, and action data acquired from complex adversarial environments in real time to a knowledge hub. Leveraging advanced algorithms such as reinforcement learning, they will conduct in-depth analysis and mining, performing closed-loop evaluation and dynamic adjustment of system-level operational logic such as command processes, coordination rules, and resource allocation strategies. This will form reusable and verifiable structured knowledge units, enhancing the combat system’s understanding of its environment and its autonomous adaptability. This will enable the entire system to form a shared “collective memory,” achieving adaptive radiation from single-point intelligence to overall operational effectiveness, and ultimately achieving individual evolution that becomes “more refined with each battle.”

Cross-domain empowerment of knowledge transfer. The intelligent combat system, relying on a unified semantic space and feature alignment framework, can rapidly embed localized experiences extracted and summarized from a specific battlefield or domain into other combat domains or mission scenarios. This breaks down information barriers between combat units, enabling the lossless transformation and cross-domain application of combat experience. Essentially, it promotes the secure flow and synergistic effect of knowledge within the system, completing the sublimation and reconstruction from “concrete experience” to “abstract knowledge,” achieving “gains from one battle benefiting all domains,” and accelerating the synchronous evolution of combat capabilities across various domains. This not only significantly improves the overall learning efficiency of the combat system and avoids repeated trial and error, but also achieves the intensive enhancement and systematic inheritance of combat capabilities.

The disruptive potential of game theory and confrontation is emerging. Systemic intelligent game theory aims to break through the boundaries of human cognition, fostering disruptive combat capabilities that transcend traditional experience. Its essence lies in the proactive creation and self-transcendence of knowledge at the system level. By constructing a high-intensity, long-term, realistic “red-blue” adversarial environment in a digital twin battlefield, and utilizing generative adversarial networks and multi-agent reinforcement learning frameworks, intelligent combat systems can explore the unknown boundaries of the strategy space in continuous game development. Based on game theory and complex systems theory, the system can spontaneously form better strategies during adversarial evolution, leading to combat modes and organizational forms that transcend conventional cognition. This makes the intelligent combat system a “super think tank” capable of continuously producing disruptive tactics.

現代國語：

戰爭和作戰方式的演變與作戰系統的深刻變革密不可分。智慧作戰系統的「智慧」不僅在於技術的積累，更重要的是重構作戰能力生成與釋放路徑，從而實現作戰效能的飛躍，並成為未來戰爭取勝的關鍵支點。深入理解並前瞻性地建構智慧作戰系統的「智慧」優勢，已成為贏得智慧戰爭的必要條件。

彈性冗餘的生存優勢

作戰要素的生存是戰爭勝利的根本。智慧作戰系統透過分散式靈活部署、模組化功能重建和自主損傷恢復，形成了應對高強度對抗和不確定性的韌性生存模式。

異質分散式全球部署。異質性反映了不同能力在同一平台上的聚合程度，而分散式則反映了相同能力在不同平台上的分佈程度。智慧作戰系統透過異質性增強了平台能力的多樣性。例如，新型作戰飛機可以作為集感知、指揮控制、中繼和打擊能力於一體的多功能整合平台。透過將作戰功能分配到不同的平台，可以實現大規模、低成本的全球部署。例如，同一作戰功能可以分配給多個平台和系統，例如無人機和巡彈。借助智慧節點的異質分散和矩陣式交叉連接，可以在物理空間的各個方向形成持續的壓力，同時實現關鍵方向的快速聚合。這統一了全局彈性和動態即時最佳化，最大限度地提高功能分配和效能釋放，以應對智慧作戰的不確定性。

透過模組化組合進行功能重構。智慧作戰系統採用軟體定義、任務導向和模組化重構的靈活範式，將固定於特定設備的功能解構為標準化、可互通的硬體和軟體模組。在戰鬥中，基於瞬息萬變的戰場需求，這些模組可透過統一的介面和開放式架構，在線上快速靈活地載入和組合，實現非線性功能組合和靈活的能力重塑。這種即插即用、按需生成的模式，在有限的物理規模內釋放了無限的功能潛力，實現了從「使用任何可用武器作戰」到「為特定戰鬥生成合適的能力」的轉變，從根本上增強了作戰系統的適應性和任務靈活性。

自癒韌性。智慧作戰系統的優勢不在於其絕對的無懈可擊，而在於其自癒韌性——即在中斷發生後能夠立即檢測損傷並進行重建。當某些節點因戰鬥損傷或乾擾而失效時，系統會基於預設功能和路徑冗餘規則，自主快速地診斷損傷。然後，它會調動附近的健康節點接管任務，或啟動備用通訊路徑重建連接，從而使系統迅速過渡到新的穩定狀態。這種固有的彈性冗餘使系統即使在遭受持續攻擊後也能維持核心功能並重建作戰網絡，從而最大限度地降低戰鬥損傷對整體作戰效能的影響。

敏捷滲透的認知優勢

認知優勢是掌握戰場資訊主動權並取得決定性勝利的關鍵。其本質在於透過智慧演算法和先進感測器的深度融合，突破「資訊迷霧」的障礙和「決策焦慮」的束縛，實現從被動感知到主動認知的飛躍。

適應環境變化的彈性通訊。彈性通訊是指通訊系統在高度對抗且複雜的電磁環境中即時偵測幹擾並動態重配置鏈路，以維持指揮控制的連續性和穩定性的能力。智慧作戰系統依托認知無線電等技術，實現通訊資源的按需分配、傳輸路徑的智慧優化以及網路拓撲的自主重配置，使其能夠在複雜的電磁環境中「穿透縫隙”，靈活獲取通訊「視窗」。這種韌性－即使在…之中也能保持溝通即使中斷後也能進行幹擾並恢復操作－確保在極度惡劣的電磁環境下指揮控制關係的連續性，為系統認知活動提供可靠的通訊線路。

多模態訊息的有機融合。多模態融合是指從多樣化且異構的資訊中提取一致性，形成高價值的戰場態勢的過程。基於智慧演算法的智慧作戰系統，對雷達、光電、偵察和網路戰等不同來源的資料進行跨模態對齊。它能夠從海量且碎片化的情報中自動提取敵方部署、行動模式和戰術意圖，實現異質互補和交叉驗證。這實現了從數據冗餘到精準情報的質的飛躍，從而為指揮官提供全面可靠的戰場認知地圖，撥開“戰爭迷霧”，直擊戰局核心。

人機互動實現無縫意圖傳遞。基於意圖的意圖旨在彌合人類指揮官與智慧作戰系統之間的語義鴻溝，實現自然語言指令到機器可執行任務的精確無損轉換。智慧作戰系統利用自然語言處理和知識圖譜等技術建構具備自然語言理解和邏輯推理能力的智慧互動引擎。該引擎自動將指揮官的整體作戰意圖分解為任務清單、約束條件和評估標準，產生機器可理解和執行的戰術指令和行動序列，並將其精確地分發給相應的作戰單元，直接驅動其執行。這種「所想即所發，所發即所攻」的指揮模式顯著縮短了傳統指揮鏈中的理解和溝通週期，實現了決策層面的人機智能深度融合，從而大幅提升了指揮效能。

自主調適的協同優勢

協同優勢是釋放系統間作戰效能的倍增器。智慧作戰系統的協同作用超越了預設的程序，表現為跨域作戰單元在統一規則和共同任務下進行自組織、自適應的同步與協作。其本質是系統智能在作戰層面的體現。

規則約束下的時空協調。時空協調是指在統一的時空參考框架內，為分散部署的作戰單元設定行動邊界和交互規則，確保其在物理域內的有序協作。在統一的作戰規則框架下，智慧作戰系統的每個單元透過智慧演算法自主計算其相對位置並預測其軌跡，實現不同平台的時域校準、空域融合和頻域嵌套。這確保了無衝突的路徑規劃、無幹擾的頻譜使用和無事故的火力運用。這種兼具有序性和靈活性的協同機制，在保持戰術靈活性的同時避免了相互幹擾，為複雜戰場環境下的作戰行動提供了時空參考。

任務驅動的邏輯協調。邏輯協調是指以作戰任務為底層邏輯，自主分解任務、分配資源、規劃行動，進而達成智慧化的組織與調度。智慧作戰系統基於任務分析、能力匹配和計畫生成演算法，自動將作戰目標分解為具體的行動序列，並智慧調度相應的作戰單位進行「命令下達」。每個智慧節點基於對整體任務的理解、即時態勢感知以及自身能力，透過多智能體協商機制自主制定行動計劃，並與相關單位動態協商協作以「接受命令」。這種以任務為導向的指揮方式極大地解放了上級指揮官，使系統在應對突發事件時具備敏捷性和靈活性，顯著提升了任務適應性。

目標對齊感知協同。感知協同是指作戰單位基於對目標和環境的共同理解進行自主決策和行動，從而產生協同效應。智慧作戰系統由具備預測和推理能力的系統或節點組成。在營運目標的驅動下，它們可以智慧作戰系統能夠預判友軍行動和戰場局勢，透過局部感知和獨立決策，進行自組織、自發的協同支援。這種以效率為導向的、無聲的共識超越了溝通限制和預設程序，使系統在面對強大對手時展現出卓越的適應性和創造力。

學習迭代的演化優勢

演化優勢是作戰系統保持競爭力和在戰場上掌握主動權的關鍵。智慧作戰系統依靠即時對抗數據來驅動整體優化，透過跨域經驗轉移加速能力擴散，並透過虛擬博弈環境培養顛覆性戰術，從而在對抗過程中實現自主演化和作戰效能的世代飛躍。

基於經驗累積的系統演化。智慧作戰系統將從複雜的對抗環境中即時獲得的感知、決策和行動數據收集到知識中心。利用強化學習等先進演算法，該系統將進行深度分析和挖掘，對系統級運作邏輯（如指揮流程、協調規則和資源分配策略）進行閉環評估和動態調整，從而形成可重用、可驗證的結構化知識單元，增強作戰系統對環境的理解和自主適應能力。這將使整個系統形成共享的“集體記憶”，實現從單點智慧到整體作戰效能的自適應輻射，並最終實現“越戰越精進”的個體演進。

跨域知識遷移賦能。智慧作戰系統依托統一的語意空間和特徵對齊框架，能夠將從特定戰場或領域提取和總結的局部經驗快速嵌入到其他作戰領域或任務場景中，打破作戰單元之間的資訊壁壘，實現作戰經驗的無損轉換和跨域應用。本質上，它促進了系統內知識的安全流動和協同效應，完成了從「具體經驗」到「抽象知識」的昇華和重構，實現了「一戰多域」的效益，並加速了跨領域作戰能力的同步演進。這不僅顯著提高了作戰系統的整體學習效率，避免了重複試錯，而且實現了作戰能力的強化和系統繼承。

博弈論與對抗的顛覆性潛能正在顯現。系統智慧博弈論旨在突破人類認知的限制，培養超越傳統經驗的顛覆性作戰能力。其本質在於系統層面知識的主動創造與自我超越。透過在數位孿生戰場上建構高強度、長期、逼真的「紅藍」對抗環境，並利用生成對抗網路和多智能體強化學習框架，智慧作戰系統能夠在持續的博弈演進中探索戰略空間的未知邊界。基於博弈論和複雜系統理論，該系統能夠在對抗演化過程中自發性地形成更優策略，從而產生超越傳統認知的作戰模式和組織形式。這使得該智慧作戰系統成為一個能夠持續產生顛覆性戰術的「超級智庫」。

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.people.com.cn/n18/2025/18216/c1011-480682584829.html

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Command information Systems, Information Support Force

Looking at Intelligent Warfare: Focusing on Counter-AI Operations in Chinese Military Operations During Intelligent Warfare

Leave a comment

檢視情報戰：聚焦中國軍事行動中的反空戰策略

現代英語：

Original Title: A Look at Intelligent Warfare: Focusing on Counter-AI Operations in Intelligent Warfare

　　  introduction

　　  The widespread application of science and technology in the military field has brought about profound changes in the form of warfare and combat methods. Military competition among major powers is increasingly manifested as technological subversion and counter-subversion, surprise attacks and counter-surprise attacks, and offsetting and counter-offsetting. To win future intelligent warfare, it is necessary not only to continuously promote the deep transformation and application of artificial intelligence technology in the military field, but also to strengthen dialectical thinking, adhere to asymmetric thinking, innovate and develop anti-AI warfare theories and tactics, and proactively plan research on anti-AI technologies and the development of weapons and equipment to achieve victory through “breaking AI” and strive to seize the initiative in future warfare.

　　  Fully recognize the inevitability of anti-artificial intelligence warfare

　　  In his essay “On Contradiction,” Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that “the law of contradiction in things, that is, the law of unity of opposites, is the most fundamental law of dialectical materialism.” Throughout the history of military technology development and its operational application, there has always been a dialectical relationship between offense and defense. The phenomenon of mutual competition and alternating suppression between the “spear” of technology and the “shield” of corresponding countermeasures is commonplace.

　　  In the era of cold weapons, people not only invented eighteen kinds of weapons such as knives, spears, swords, and halberds, but also corresponding helmets, armor, and shields. In the era of firearms, the use of gunpowder greatly increased attack range and lethality, but it also spurred tactical and technical innovations, exemplified by defensive fortifications such as trenches and bastions. In the mechanized era, tanks shone brightly in World War II, and the development of tank armor and anti-tank weapons continues to this day. In the information age, “electronic attack” and “electronic protection,” centered on information dominance, have sparked a new wave of interest, giving rise to electronic warfare units. Furthermore, numerous opposing concepts in the military field, such as “missiles” versus “anti-missile,” and “unmanned combat” versus “counter-unmanned combat,” abound.

　　  It should be recognized that “anti-AI warfare,” as the opposite concept of “intelligent warfare,” will inevitably emerge gradually with the widespread and in-depth application of intelligent technologies in the military field. Forward-looking research into the concepts, principles, and tactical implementation paths of anti-AI warfare is not only a necessity for a comprehensive and dialectical understanding of intelligent warfare, but also an inevitable step to seize the high ground in future military competition and implement asymmetric warfare.

　　  Scientific Analysis of Counter-AI Combat Methods and Paths

　　  Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is undergoing a leapfrog development, moving from weak to strong and from specialized to general-purpose applications. From its underlying support perspective, data, algorithms, and computing power remain its three key elements. Data is the fundamental raw material for training and optimizing models, algorithms determine the strategies and mechanisms for data processing and problem-solving, and computing power provides the hardware support for complex calculations. Seeking ways to “break through” AI by addressing these three elements—data, algorithms, and computing power—is an important methodological approach for implementing counter-AI warfare.

　　  Counter-data warfare. Data is the raw material for artificial intelligence to learn and reason, and its quality and diversity significantly impact the accuracy and generalization ability of models. Numerous examples in daily life demonstrate how minute changes in data can cause AI models to fail. For instance, facial recognition models on mobile phones may fail to accurately identify individuals due to factors such as wearing glasses, changing hairstyles, or changes in ambient light; autonomous driving models may also misjudge road conditions due to factors like road conditions, road signs, and weather. The basic principle of counter-data warfare is to mislead the training and judgment processes of military intelligent models by creating “contaminated” data or altering its distribution characteristics. This “inferiority” in the data leads to “errors” in the model, thereby reducing its effectiveness. Since AI models can comprehensively analyze and cross-verify multi-source data, counter-data warfare should focus more on multi-dimensional features, packaging false data information to enhance its “authenticity.” In recent years, foreign militaries have conducted relevant experimental verifications in this area. For example, by using special materials for coating and infrared emitter camouflage, the optical and infrared characteristics of real weapon platforms, and even the vibration effects of engines, can be simulated to deceive intelligent intelligence processing models; in cyberspace, traffic data camouflage can be implemented to improve the silent operation capability of network attacks and reduce the effectiveness of network attack detection models.

　　  Anti-algorithm warfare. The essence of an algorithm is a strategy mechanism for solving problems described in computer language. Because the scope of application of such strategy mechanisms is limited, they may fail when faced with a wide variety of real-world problems. A typical example is Lee Sedol’s “divine move” in the 2016 human-machine Go match. Many professional Go players, after reviewing the game, stated that the “divine move” was actually invalid, yet it worked against AlphaGo. AlphaGo developer Silva explained this by saying that Lee Sedol exploited a previously unknown vulnerability in the computer; other analyses suggest that this move might have contradicted AlphaGo’s Go logic or been outside its strategic learning range, making it unable to respond. The basic principle of anti-algorithm warfare is to target the vulnerabilities in the algorithm’s strategy mechanism and weaknesses in its model architecture through logical attacks or deception to reduce the algorithm’s effectiveness. Anti-algorithm warfare should be combined with specific combat actions to achieve “misleading and deceiving” the algorithm. For example, drone swarm reconnaissance operations often use reinforcement learning algorithms to plan reconnaissance paths. In this case, irregular or abnormal actions can be created to reduce or disable the reward mechanism in the reinforcement learning algorithm model, thereby reducing its reconnaissance search efficiency.

　　  Counter-computing power warfare. The strength of computing power represents the speed at which data processing can be converted into information and decision-making advantages. Unlike counter-data warfare and counter-algorithm warfare, which primarily rely on soft confrontation, counter-computing power warfare employs a combination of hard and soft tactics. Hard destruction mainly refers to attacks on enemy computing centers and computing network infrastructure, crippling their AI models by cutting off their computing power. Soft confrontation focuses on increasing the enemy’s computing costs, primarily by creating a “fog of war” and data noise. For example, during operations, large quantities of meaningless data of various types, such as images, audio, video, and electromagnetic data, can be generated to constrain and deplete the enemy’s computing resources, reducing their effective utilization rate. Furthermore, attacks can also be launched against weak points in the defenses of the computing power support environment and infrastructure. Computing centers consume enormous amounts of electricity; attacking and destroying their power support systems can also achieve the effect of counter-computing power warfare.

　　  Forward-looking planning for the development of anti-artificial intelligence combat capabilities

　　  In all warfare, one engages with conventional tactics and wins with unconventional ones. Faced with intelligent warfare, while continuously advancing and improving intelligent combat capabilities, it is also necessary to strengthen preparedness for counter-AI warfare, proactively planning for theoretical innovation, supporting technology development, and equipment platform construction related to counter-AI warfare, ensuring the establishment of an intelligent combat system that integrates offense and defense, and combines defense and counter-attack.

　　  Strengthen theoretical innovation in counter-AI warfare. Scientific military theory is combat effectiveness. Whether it’s military strategic innovation, military technological innovation, or other aspects of military innovation, all are inseparable from theoretical guidance. We must adhere to liberating our minds, broadening our horizons, and strengthening dialectical thinking. We must use theoretical innovation in counter-AI warfare as a supplement and breakthrough to construct an intelligent warfare theoretical system that supports and serves the fight for victory. We must adhere to the principle of “you fight your way, I fight my way,” strengthening asymmetric thinking. Through in-depth research on the concepts, strategies, and tactics of counter-AI warfare, we must provide scientific theoretical support for seizing battlefield intelligence dominance and effectively leverage the leading role of military theory. We must adhere to the integration of theory and technology, enhancing our scientific and technological awareness, innovation, and application capabilities. We must establish a closed loop between counter-AI warfare theory and technology, allowing them to complement and support each other, achieving deep integration and positive interaction between theory and technology.

　　  Emphasis should be placed on accumulating military technologies for countering artificial intelligence. Science and technology are crucial foundations for generating and enhancing combat effectiveness. Breakthroughs in some technologies can have disruptive effects, potentially even fundamentally altering the traditional landscape of warfare. Currently, major world powers view artificial intelligence as a disruptive technology and have elevated the development of military intelligence to a national strategy. Simultaneously, some countries are actively conducting research on technologies related to countering artificial intelligence warfare, exploring methods to counter AI and aiming to reduce the effectiveness of adversaries’ military intelligent systems. Therefore, it is essential to both explore and follow up, strengthening research and tracking of cutting-edge technologies, actively discovering, promoting, and fostering the development of technologies with counter-disruptive capabilities, such as intelligent countermeasures, to seize the technological advantage at the outset of counter-AI warfare and prevent enemy technological surprise attacks; and to carefully select technologies, maintaining sufficient scientific rationality and accurate judgment to dispel the technological “fog” and avoid falling into the adversary’s technological traps.

Developing anti-AI warfare weapons and equipment. Designing weapons and equipment is designing future warfare; we develop weapons and equipment based on the types of warfare we will fight in the future. Anti-AI warfare is an important component of intelligent warfare, and anti-AI weapons and equipment will play a crucial role on the future battlefield. When developing anti-AI warfare weapons and equipment, we must first closely align with battlefield needs. We must closely integrate with the adversary, mission, and environment to strengthen anti-AI warfare research, accurately describe anti-AI warfare scenarios, and ensure that the requirements for anti-AI warfare weapons and equipment are scientifically sound, accurate, and reasonable. Secondly, we must adopt a cost-conscious approach. Recent local wars have shown that cost control is a crucial factor influencing the outcome of future wars. Anti-AI warfare focuses on interfering with and deceiving the enemy’s military intelligent systems. Increasing the development of decoy weapon platforms is an effective way to reduce costs and increase efficiency. By using low-cost simulated decoy targets to deceive the enemy’s intelligent reconnaissance systems, the “de-intelligence” effect can be extended and amplified, aiming to deplete their high-value precision-guided missiles and other high-value strike weapons. Finally, we must emphasize simultaneous development, use, and upgrading. Intelligent technologies are developing rapidly and iterating quickly. It is crucial to closely monitor the application of cutting-edge military intelligent technologies by adversaries, accurately understand their intelligent model algorithm architecture, and continuously promote the upgrading of the latest counter-artificial intelligence technologies in weapon platforms to ensure their high efficiency in battlefield application. (Kang Ruizhi, Li Shengjie)

現代國語：

原文標題：智慧化戰爭面面觀－關注智慧化戰爭中的反人工智慧作戰

引言

科學技術在軍事領域的廣泛運用，引起戰爭形態和作戰方式的深刻變化，大國軍事博弈越來越表現為技術上的顛覆與反顛覆、突襲與反突襲、抵消與反抵消。打贏未來智慧化戰爭，既要不斷推進人工智慧技術在軍事領域的深度轉化應用，還應加強辯證思維、堅持非對稱思想，創新發展反人工智慧作戰理論和戰法，前瞻佈局反人工智慧技術研究和武器裝備研發，實現「破智」制勝，努力掌握未來戰爭主動權。

充分認識反人工智慧作戰必然性

毛澤東同志在《矛盾論》中指出：「事物的矛盾法則，即對立統一的法則，是唯物辯證法的最根本的法則。」縱觀軍事技術發展及其作戰運用歷史，從來都充滿了攻與防的辯證關係，技術之矛與反制止制、反制止制相較制、相較制抗擊現象之間的技術之緣關係。

冷兵器時代，人們不僅發明出「刀、槍、劍、戟」等十八般兵器，與之對應的「盔、甲、盾」等也被創造出來。熱兵器時代，火藥的使用大幅提升了攻擊距離和殺傷力，但同時也催生了以「塹壕」「稜堡」等防禦工事為代表的技戰術創新。機械化時代，坦克在二戰中大放異彩，人們對「坦克裝甲」與「反坦克武器」相關技術戰術的開發延續至今。資訊時代，圍繞制資訊權的「電子攻擊」與「電子防護」又掀起一陣新的熱潮，電子對抗部隊應運而生。此外，「飛彈」與「反導」、「無人作戰」與「反無人作戰」等軍事領域的對立概念不勝枚舉。

應當看到，「反人工智慧作戰」作為「智慧化作戰」的對立概念，也必將隨著智慧科技在軍事領域的廣泛深度運用而逐漸顯現。前瞻性研究反人工智慧作戰相關概念、原則及其技戰術實現路徑，既是全面辯證認識智慧化戰爭的時代需要，也是搶佔未來軍事競爭高地、實施非對稱作戰的必然之舉。

科學分析反人工智慧作戰方法路徑

目前，人工智慧技術正經歷由弱向強、由專用向通用的跨越式發展階段。從其底層支撐來看，數據、演算法、算力依舊是其三大關鍵要素。其中，資料是訓練與最佳化模型的基礎原料，演算法決定了資料處理與問題解決的策略機制，算力則為複雜運算提供硬體支撐。從資料、演算法、算力三個要素的角度尋求「破智」之道，是實施反人工智慧作戰的重要方法路徑。

反資料作戰。數據是人工智慧實現學習和推理的原始素材，數據的品質和多樣性對模型的準確度和泛化能力有重要影響。生活中因為微小數據變化而導致人工智慧模型失效的例子比比皆是。例如，手機中的人臉辨識模型，可能會因人戴上眼鏡、改變髮型或環境明暗變化等原因，而無法準確辨識身分；自動駕駛模型也會因路況、路標及天氣等因素，產生對道路狀況的誤判。實施反數據作戰，其基本原理是透過製造“污染”數據或改變數據的分佈特徵，來誤導軍事智能模型的訓練學習過程或判斷過程，用數據之“差”引發模型之“謬”，從而降低軍事智能模型的有效性。由於人工智慧模型能夠對多源數據進行綜合分析、交叉印證，反數據作戰應更加註重從多維特徵出發，包裝虛假數據信息，提升其「真實性」。近年來，外軍在這方面已經有相關實驗驗證。例如，利用特殊材料塗裝、紅外線發射裝置偽裝等方式，模擬真實武器平台光學、紅外線特徵甚至是引擎震動效果，用來欺騙智慧情報處理模型；在網路空間，實施流量資料偽裝，以提升網路攻擊靜默運作能力，降低網路攻擊偵測模型的效果。

反演算法作戰。演算法的本質，是用電腦語言描述解決問題的策略機制。由於這種策略機制的適應範圍有限，在面對千差萬別的現實問題時可能會失效，一個典型例子就是2016年人機圍棋大戰中李世石的「神之一」。不少職業圍棋選手複盤分析後表示，「神之一手」其實並不成立，但卻對「阿爾法狗」發揮了作用。 「阿爾法狗」開發者席爾瓦對此的解釋是，李世石點中了電腦不為人知的漏洞；還有分析稱，可能是「這一手」與「阿爾法狗」的圍棋邏輯相悖或不在其策略學習範圍內，導致其無法應對。實施反演算法作戰，其基本原理是針對演算法策略機制漏洞和模型架構弱點，進行邏輯攻擊或邏輯欺騙，以降低演算法有效性。反演算法作戰應與具體作戰行動結合，達成針對演算法的「誤導欺騙」。例如，無人機群偵察行動常採用強化學習演算法模型規劃偵察路徑，針對此情況，可透過製造無規則行動或反常行動，致使強化學習演算法模型中的獎勵機制降效或失效，從而達成降低其偵察搜尋效率的目的。

反算力作戰。算力的強弱代表著將資料處理轉換為資訊優勢和決策優勢的速度。有別於反數據作戰和反演算法作戰以軟對抗為主，反算力作戰的對抗方式是軟硬結合的。硬摧毀主要指對敵算力中心、計算網路設施等實施的打擊，透過斷其算力的方式使其人工智慧模型難以發揮作用；軟對抗著眼加大敵算力成本，主要以製造戰爭「迷霧」和資料雜訊為主。例如，作戰時大量產生影像、音訊、視訊、電磁等多類型的無意義數據，對敵算力資源進行牽制消耗，降低其算力的有效作用率。此外，也可對算力的支撐環境和配套建設等防備薄弱環節實施攻擊，算力中心電能消耗巨大，對其電力支援系統進行攻擊和摧毀，也可達成反算力作戰的效果。

前瞻佈局反人工智慧作戰能力建設

凡戰者，以正合，以奇勝。面對智慧化戰爭，持續推動提升智慧化作戰能力的同時，也需強化對反人工智慧作戰的未雨綢繆，前瞻佈局反人工智慧作戰相關理論創新、配套技術發展與裝備平台建設，確保建立攻防兼備、防反一體的智慧化作戰體系。

加強反人工智慧作戰理論創新。科學的軍事理論就是戰鬥力，軍事戰略創新也好，軍事科技創新也好，其他方面軍事創新也好，都離不開理論指導。要堅持解放思想、開拓視野，強化辯證思維，以反人工智慧作戰理論創新為補充和突破，建構支撐和服務打贏制勝的智慧化作戰理論體系。要堅持你打你的、我打我的，強化非對稱思想，透過對反人工智慧作戰概念、策略戰法等問題的深化研究，為奪取戰場制智權提供科學理論支撐，切實發揮軍事理論的先導作用。要堅持理技融合，增強科技認知力、創新力、運用力，打通反人工智慧作戰理論與技術之間的閉環迴路，讓兩者互相補充、互為支撐，實現理論與技術的深度融合與良性互動。

注重反人工智慧軍事技術累積。科學技術是產生和提高戰鬥力的重要基礎，有些技術一旦突破，影響將是顛覆性的，甚至可能從根本上改變傳統的戰爭攻防格局。目前，世界各主要國家將人工智慧視為顛覆性技術，並將發展軍事智慧化上升為國家戰略。同時，也有國家積極進行反人工智慧作戰相關技術研究，探索人工智慧對抗方法，意圖降低對手軍事智慧系統效能。為此，既要探索跟進，加強對前沿技術的跟踪研究，積極發現、推動、催生智能對抗這類具有反顛覆作用的技術發展，在反人工智能作戰起步階段就搶佔技術先機，防敵技術突襲；還要精挑細選，注重保持足夠科學理性和準確判斷，破除技術“迷霧”，避免陷入對手技術陷阱。

研發反人工智慧作戰武器裝備。設計武器裝備就是設計未來戰爭，未來打什麼仗就發展什麼武器裝備。反人工智慧作戰是智慧化戰爭的重要組成部分，反人工智慧武器裝備也將在未來戰場上發揮重要作用。在研發反人工智慧作戰武器裝備時，首先要緊貼戰場需求。緊密結合作戰對手、作戰任務和作戰環境等，加強反人工智慧作戰研究，把反人工智慧作戰場景描述準確，確保反人工智慧作戰武器裝備需求論證科學、準確、合理。其次要建立成本思維。最新局部戰爭實踐表明，作戰成本控制是影響未來戰爭勝負的重要因素。反人工智慧作戰重在對敵軍事智慧系統的干擾與迷惑，加大誘耗型武器平台研發是一種有效的降本增效方法。透過低成本模擬示假目標欺騙敵智能偵察系統，可將「破智」效應延伸放大，力求消耗其精確導引飛彈等高價值打擊武器。最後要注重邊建邊用邊升級。智慧技術發展速度快、更新迭代快，要緊密追蹤對手前沿軍事智慧技術應用，摸準其智慧模型演算法架構，不斷推動最新反人工智慧技術在武器平台中的運用升級，確保其戰場運用的高效性。 （康睿智 李聖傑）

中國原創軍事資源：https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/zonghe/2025-05-20/doc-inexeiih2818486808984.shtml

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Command information Systems, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare

Where is the Transformation of Chinese Military Intelligent War Preparedness Heading?

Leave a comment

中國軍事情報戰備轉型將走向何方？

現代英語：

Where should the intelligent transformation for combat readiness go?

Currently, the form of warfare is rapidly evolving towards intelligence, and the era of intelligent warfare is imminent. To adapt to the development of military intelligent technology, the changing mechanisms of war, and the high-quality development of the armed forces, it is imperative to accelerate the advancement of intelligent combat readiness. Modern combat readiness must, while advancing the transformation from mechanization and semi-mechanization to informatization, further proactively address the challenges of military intelligence, adhere to intelligence as the guiding principle, and accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligence. In short, vigorously promoting intelligent combat readiness is a practical necessity for driving the high-quality development of national defense and the armed forces; only by successfully transforming to intelligent combat readiness can we promote the leapfrog development of the military’s combat capabilities.

Construct an intelligent warfare theoretical system. Focusing on solving key and difficult issues in intelligent warfare theory, such as war prediction, war forms, war design, operational concepts, operational styles, operational systems, troop formation, and troop training, we will deepen research on the application of intelligent warfare, explore the winning mechanisms, characteristics, laws, tactics, action methods, and comprehensive support of intelligent warfare, enrich the theories of intelligent warfare, intelligent operations, and the construction of intelligent combat forces, and gradually construct an intelligent warfare theoretical system.

Establish an intelligent command and control paradigm. Strengthen the development of technologies such as adversarial and game-theoretic operational planning, digital twin parallel simulation, and efficient organization and precise scheduling of complex operational resources. Enhance capabilities such as automatic planning of operational plans under large-scale, high-intensity conditions and autonomous decomposition of cross-domain and cross-level tasks. Achieve deep integration of military knowledge and machine intelligence, reliable and explainable auxiliary decision-making, and self-learning and self-evolving adversarial strategies. Integrate technological achievements such as sensing, networking, cloud computing, and quantum computing to enhance intelligent auxiliary capabilities in situation generation, operational command, and staff operations. Accelerate the development of intelligent staff business systems and intelligently upgrade and transform operational command information systems. Achieve intelligent information Q&A, intelligent plan generation, and decision support suggestions for typical campaign/tactical command, greatly reducing the workload of staff personnel and significantly improving the timeliness of command operations.

Develop intelligent weapon and equipment systems. Strengthen the intelligent upgrading and transformation of traditional weapons, promote the practical application of intelligent technologies in backbone equipment, and deploy low-cost, expendable unmanned combat platforms on a large scale. Develop intelligent individual soldier integrated systems, air-to-ground unmanned swarm collaborative attack systems, and underground space swarm warfare systems, etc., research and develop intelligent flexible wearable technologies and mobile intelligent terminal technologies, develop intelligent wearable equipment, brain-computer interface helmets, and human implant devices, etc., and accelerate the application of intelligent new weapon platforms, using the pioneering development of key equipment to drive overall breakthroughs.

Increase the proportion of intelligent combat forces. Focusing on optimizing structure and function, implement intelligent design for the existing organizational structure of the armed forces, and gradually increase the proportion of intelligent combat forces. Formulate talent development plans, cultivate the intelligent literacy of combat personnel, and explore a talent cultivation path that integrates military and civilian sectors, services, and enterprises. Build a new generation of combat forces that are intelligently led, cross-domain collaborative, all-domain mobile, and precise and multi-functional; focus on research on intelligent air defense and anti-missile systems, passive detection and intelligent identification of aerial targets, and build intelligent air combat forces such as anti-aircraft unmanned combat aircraft and “swarm” aircraft; emphasize research on intelligent missiles and develop long-range missile deterrence and strike capabilities; deepen research on the architecture design of intelligent attack and defense systems in cyberspace and the intelligent generation of attack strategies, upgrade the new generation of cyberspace reconnaissance, attack, and defense forces, and comprehensively enhance intelligent combat capabilities.

Optimize intelligent autonomous collaboration methods. Focusing on the human-machine “interaction-understanding-co-progress” framework, break through human-machine hybrid perception enhancement and human-machine adaptive multi-task collaboration to improve human-machine hybrid perception capabilities, cognitive abilities, and overall combat effectiveness in complex battlefield environments, achieving complementarity and intelligent enhancement between human wisdom and machine intelligence. Accelerate the development of applied research in areas such as intelligent swarm distributed elastic architecture, self-organizing anti-jamming communication and interaction, distributed autonomous collaboration in complex confrontation scenarios, and swarm intelligent command and control adapted to complex environments and tasks. Enhance the autonomous elastic planning and swarm intelligence confrontation learning capabilities of unmanned swarms in complex scenarios, promoting an overall leap in the combat effectiveness of multi-domain/cross-domain heterogeneous swarms.

Innovate an intelligent, all-dimensional support model. Facing the overall requirements of comprehensive support for future battlefields, including all-time intelligent perception, precise control of supplies and ammunition, and accurate delivery of combat supplies, enhance the intelligent combat logistics equipment support capabilities. Develop capabilities such as comprehensive multi-dimensional support demand mining across all domains, online networked dynamic monitoring of equipment status, autonomous early warning of support risks, and on-demand allocation of support resources. Promote research and verification of intelligent network information systems, intelligent military logistics systems, intelligent support for battlefield facilities and environment information, smart individual soldier support, intelligent rapid medical treatment for future battlefields, and intelligent energy support and transportation delivery, achieving the organic integration of combat, technology, and logistics support elements with combat command and troop movements.

現代國語：

智慧戰備轉型應走向何方？

當前，戰爭形式正迅速朝向智慧化演進，智慧戰時代迫在眉睫。為適應軍事智慧技術的發展、戰爭機制的轉變以及軍隊高品質發展，加速推動智慧戰備勢在必行。現代戰備在推動從機械化、半機械化轉型為資訊化的同時，必須更積極主動地應對軍事情報挑戰，堅持以情報為指導原則，加速機械化、資訊化、情報化整合發展。總之，大力推動智慧戰備是推動國防和軍隊高品質發展的現實需求；只有成功實現智慧戰備轉型，才能推動軍隊作戰能力的跨越式發展。

建構智能戰理論體系。我們將著力解決智慧戰理論中的關鍵難點問題，例如戰爭預測、戰爭形態、戰爭設計、作戰理念、作戰風格、作戰體系、部隊編組和部隊訓練等，深化智能戰應用研究，探索智能戰的製勝機制、特徵、規律、戰術、行動方法和綜合保障，豐富智能戰、智能作戰和智能作戰力量建設的理論，逐步構建的理論體系。

建立智慧指揮控制範式。加強對抗性與博弈論作戰規劃、數位孿生並行模擬、複雜作戰資源高效組織和精確調度等技術的研發。提升大規模、高強度條件下作戰計畫的自動規劃、跨域、跨層級任務的自主分解等能力。實現軍事知識與機器智慧的深度融合，實現可靠、可解釋的輔助決策，以及對抗策略的自學習、自我演化。整合感知、網路、雲端運算、量子運算等技術成果，提升態勢生成、作戰指揮、參謀運作等方面的智慧輔助能力。加速智慧參謀業務系統建設，實現作戰指揮資訊系統的智慧升級改造。實現典型戰役/戰術指揮的智慧資訊問答、智慧計畫生成、決策支援建議，大幅減輕參謀人員工作負擔，顯著提升指揮運作的時效性。

發展智慧武器裝備系統。加強傳統武器的智慧升級改造，推動智慧技術在骨幹裝備的實際應用，大規模部署低成本、消耗型無人作戰平台。研發智慧單兵一體化系統、空地無人群聚協同攻擊系統、地下空間集群作戰系統等，研發智慧柔性穿戴技術與行動智慧終端技術，開發智慧穿戴設備、腦機介面頭盔、人體植入式設備等，加速智慧新型武器平台的應用，以關鍵裝備的先導研發為驅動力，實現整體突破。

提高智慧作戰力量比例。著力優化結構與功能，對現有軍隊組織結構進行智慧化設計，逐步提升智慧作戰力量比例。制定人才培育計劃，提升作戰人員的智慧素養，探索軍民融合、服務業與企業融合的人才培育路徑。建構智慧主導、跨域協同、全域機動、精準多功能的新一代作戰力量；重點研發智慧防空反導系統、空中目標被動偵測與智慧辨識技術，建構以防空無人作戰飛機、「群聚」飛機等為代表的智慧空戰力量；重視智慧飛彈研發，發展遠程飛彈威懾與打擊能力；深化網路空間太空防空防電系統設計與智慧飛彈威懾策略的新一代攻擊能力。全面提升網路空間偵察、攻擊和防禦力量的智慧作戰能力。

優化智慧自主協同作戰方式。圍繞人機「互動-理解-協同-進步」框架，突破人機混合感知增強和人機自適應多任務協同作戰，提升複雜戰場環境下人機混合感知能力、認知能力和整體作戰效能，實現人機智慧互補與智能增強。加速智慧集群分散式彈性架構、自組織抗干擾通訊與互動、複雜對抗場景下的分散式自主協同作戰、適應複雜環境和任務的集群智慧指揮控制等領域的應用研究。增強複雜場景下無人群集的自主彈性規劃與群集智慧對抗學習能力，推動多域/跨域異質群集作戰效能的全面飛躍。

創新智能化全維度支援模式。面對未來戰場全面保障的整體需求，包括全時智慧感知、物資彈藥精準管控、作戰物資準確投放等，提升智慧作戰後勤裝備保障能力。發展跨域多維綜合保障需求挖掘、裝備狀態線上網路動態監控、保障風險自主預警、保障資源按需調配等能力。推動智慧網路資訊系統、智慧軍事後勤系統、戰場設施及環境資訊智慧保障、智慧單兵保障、未來戰場智慧快速醫療救治、智慧能源保障及運輸配送等研究驗證，實現作戰、技術、後勤支援要素與作戰指揮、部隊調動有機融合。

陶利民，秦昊

來源：中國軍網-解放軍報 作者：陶立民 秦浩 責任編輯：王粲

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_20888543/186482825186.html

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare

Chinese Military Embracing the Challenges of Intelligent Warfare with New Combat Concepts

Leave a comment

中國軍隊以新的作戰概念迎接智慧戰爭的挑戰

現代英語：

Foreword

Breakthroughs in artificial intelligence technology, marked by deep learning, and their applications across various fields have propelled intelligentization to new heights globally, becoming a focal point of attention. In the military field, where technological innovation and application are never lagging behind, a new revolution is also actively brewing. We must accurately grasp the pulse of intelligent warfare’s evolution and analyze its intrinsic nature in order to embrace and master intelligent warfare with a fresh perspective.

How far away is intelligent warfare from us?

Intelligent warfare is warfare primarily supported by artificial intelligence technology. Imbuing weapon platforms with human-like intelligence and replacing human combatants on the battlefield has been a dream for humanity for millennia. With the powerful impact of AI systems like AlphaGo and Atlas, and the emerging concepts and platforms of new warfare such as swarm warfare and flying aircraft carriers, the door to intelligent warfare seems to be quietly opening.

The laws of historical development foreshadow the inevitable rise of intelligent warfare on the battlefield. Advances in science and technology drive the evolution of weaponry, triggering fundamental changes in military organization, combat methods, and military theory, ultimately forcibly propelling a historical transformation in the form of warfare. The arrival of intelligent warfare aligns with this inevitable historical trend. Looking back at the evolution of human warfare, every major advancement in science and technology has driven significant military transformations. The invention of gunpowder ushered in the era of firearms, wiping out infantry and cavalry formations under the linear warfare tactics of firearms. The application of the steam engine in the military led to the mechanized era, giving rise to large-scale mechanized warfare led by armored ships, tanks, and aircraft. The emergence and application of intelligent technology will profoundly change human cognition, war thinking, and combat methods, once again triggering a major military revolution, and intelligent warfare will inevitably take center stage.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology determines the pace of intelligent warfare. The continuous development and widespread application of AI technology are propelling intelligent warfare from its initial stages of uncertainty to reality, gradually emerging and growing, step by step approaching us. To truly enter the era of intelligent warfare, AI technology needs to advance through four stages. The first stage is computational intelligence, which means breaking through the limitations of computing power and storage space to achieve near real-time computing and storage capabilities—capabilities far beyond the reach of large computers and massive servers. The widespread application of cloud computing has already firmly placed humanity on this first stage. The second stage is perceptual intelligence, where machines can understand, see, distinguish, and recognize, enabling direct communication and dialogue with humans. Natural language understanding, image and graphics recognition, and biometric identification technologies based on big data have allowed humanity to reach this second stage. The third stage is cognitive intelligence, where machines can understand human thought, reason and make judgments and decisions like humans. Knowledge mining, knowledge graphs, artificial neural networks, and decision tree technologies driven by deep learning algorithms are propelling humanity towards this third stage. The fourth stage is human-machine integrated augmented intelligence, which involves complementary and two-way closed-loop interaction between humans’ strengths in perception, reasoning, induction, and learning, and machines’ strengths in search, computation, storage, and optimization. Virtual reality augmentation technology, brain-like cognitive technology, and brain-like neural network technology are exploring how humanity can reach this fourth stage. When humanity reached the second stage, the intelligent warfare began to approach; when we step onto the fourth stage, the era of intelligent warfare will fully begin.

Self-learning and growth are accelerating the sudden arrival of the intelligent warfare revolution. “Learning” ability is the core capability of artificial intelligence; once machines can learn on their own, their learning speed will be astonishing. Once machines possess self-learning capabilities, they will enter a rapid growth trajectory of continuous “intelligence enhancement and accelerated evolution.” All the technical difficulties in moving towards intelligent warfare will be readily resolved as “learning” deepens. The era of intelligent warfare may very well arrive suddenly in ways no one could have imagined!

What exactly will intelligent warfare change?

Intelligent warfare will break through the limits of traditional spatiotemporal cognition . In intelligent warfare, artificial intelligence technology can collect, calculate, and push information on the actions of all forces in combat in real time and across all domains. This will enable humans to break through the logical limits of thought, the physiological limits of senses, and the physical limits of existence, greatly improving the scope of cognition of time and space. It will allow for real-time and precise control over all actions of all forces, and enable the rapid transfer, aggregation, and attack of superior combat resources in multidimensional space and domains. Any time and any space may become a point in time and space where victory can be achieved.

Intelligent warfare will reshape the relationship between humans and weaponry . With the rapid advancement of intelligent technologies and the continuous improvement of their intelligence levels, weapon platforms and combat systems can not only passively and mechanically execute human commands, but also, based on deep understanding and prediction, leverage the computational, storage, and retrieval capabilities that machines excel at, thereby autonomously and proactively executing specific tasks to a certain extent. It can be said that weapon platforms and combat systems can also, to some extent, proactively exert human consciousness, even exceeding the scope of human understanding, autonomously and even creatively completing combat missions according to specific programs. The traditional distinction between humans and weaponry becomes blurred, even making it difficult to differentiate whether it is humans or machines at work. People are exclaiming that “humans and weaponry will become partners.” Therefore, in intelligent warfare, while humans remain the most important factor in combat effectiveness, the changing way humans and weaponry are integrated enriches the connotation of combat effectiveness, and the traditional relationship between humans and weaponry will be restructured on this basis.

Intelligent warfare will spur the emergence of new combat methods . Revolutionary advancements in science and technology inevitably lead to revolutionary changes in combat methods; significant progress in intelligent technologies will inevitably bring about a period of rapid transformation in combat methods. On the one hand, emerging technologies in fields such as deep cognition, deep learning, and deep neural networks, driven by computing, data, algorithms, and biology, along with their cross-integration with achievements in information, biology, medicine, engineering, and manufacturing, will inevitably drive an explosive emergence of new combat methods. On the other hand, the intense confrontation between intelligent weapon platforms and combat systems will inevitably become the target and driving force for innovative combat methods. The higher the level of intelligent technology in a war, the more it will become the focus of confrontation. Disadvantages in areas such as the limits of spatiotemporal cognition, massive information storage and computing capabilities, and neural network organization and generation capabilities will lead to new types of “blinding,” “deafening,” and “paralyzing” combat methods in new domains.

Intelligent warfare will incubate entirely new command and control methods. The advantages of command and control are a focal point in warfare, and intelligent warfare calls for entirely new command and control approaches. First, human-machine collaborative decision-making will become the primary command and decision-making method in intelligent warfare. In previous wars, command and decision-making was primarily driven by commanders, with technology playing a supporting role. In intelligent warfare, intelligent auxiliary decision-making systems will proactively urge or prompt commanders to make decisions based on changes in the battlefield situation. This is because the human brain can no longer quickly absorb and efficiently process the massive and rapidly changing battlefield situational information, and human senses can no longer withstand the extraordinary speed of change. Under such circumstances, decisions made solely by commanders are likely to be delayed and useless. Only human-machine collaborative decision-making driven by intelligent auxiliary decision-making systems can compensate for time and space differences and the gap between machine and brain, ensuring the advantage of command and decision-making. Second, brain-computer interface control will become the primary command and control method in intelligent warfare. In previous wars, commanders issued commands to control troops level by level through documents, radio, and telephone, in written or voice form. In intelligent warfare, commanders use intelligent, brain-like neurons to issue commands to troops through a neural network combat system platform. This reduces the conversion process of command presentation formats and shortens the time for commands to be converted across media, resulting in a faster pace and higher efficiency. When the combat system platform is attacked and partially damaged, this command and control method can autonomously repair or reconstruct the neural network, quickly restoring its main functions or even all functions, making it more resistant to attack.

How should we prepare for intelligent warfare?

In the research and exploration of intelligent warfare, we must not be content with lagging behind and following others. We must aim to win future wars and meet the challenges of intelligent warfare with a more proactive attitude, advanced concepts, and positive actions.

Breakthroughs in intelligent technologies will drive a leap in the effectiveness of intelligent combat systems. While significant progress has been made in areas such as neural network algorithms, intelligent sensing and networking technologies, data mining, and knowledge graph technologies, intelligent technologies are still largely in the weak intelligence stage, far from reaching the advanced stage of strong intelligence, and there is still vast potential for future development. It is essential to strengthen basic research in artificial intelligence, follow the laws of scientific and technological development, scientifically plan the development direction of intelligent technologies, select appropriate technological breakthroughs, and strengthen key core technologies in artificial intelligence, especially fundamental research that plays a supporting role. Emphasis should be placed on research into key military technologies. Driven by military needs, and focusing on key military technologies such as intelligent perception, intelligent decision-making, intelligent control, intelligent strike, and intelligent support, intelligent reconnaissance and perception systems, command and control systems, weapon systems, and combat support systems should be developed. Collaborative innovation between military and civilian technologies should be promoted, fully leveraging the advantages of civilian intelligent technology development, relying on the advantages of military and civilian resources, strengthening strategic cooperation between the military and civilian sectors, and building a service platform for the joint research and sharing of artificial intelligence scientific and technological achievements, the joint construction and sharing of conditions and facilities, and the integration of general standards between the military and civilian sectors, thus forming a new landscape of open, integrated, and innovative development of intelligent combat technologies.

Leading the innovation of combat methods with the concept of intelligent warfare. A shift in mindset is a prerequisite for welcoming the arrival of intelligent warfare. Mindset precedes action; if our mindset remains at the traditional level, it will be difficult to adapt to the needs of intelligent warfare. Intelligent warfare has brought about profound changes in technological support, combat forces, and winning mechanisms, requiring us to first establish the concept of intelligent warfare and use it to guide the innovation of our military’s future combat methods. First, we must strengthen the struggle for “intelligent control.” Artificial intelligence is the foundation of intelligent warfare. Depriving and weakening the opponent’s ability to utilize intelligence, while maintaining our own freedom to utilize intelligence, is fundamental to ensuring the smooth implementation of intelligent warfare. The militaries of developed Western countries are exploring various means, such as electromagnetic interference, electronic suppression, high-power microwave penetration, and takeover control, to block the opponent’s ability to utilize intelligence, seize “intelligent control,” and thus gain battlefield advantage. Second, we must innovate intelligent combat methods. We must focus on fully leveraging the overall effectiveness of the intelligent combat system, strengthening research on new intelligent combat methods such as human-machine collaborative intelligent warfare, intelligent robot warfare, and intelligent unmanned swarm warfare, as well as the processes and methods of intelligent combat command and intelligent combat support. With a view to effectively counter the threat of intelligent warfare from the enemy, we should study strategies to defeat the enemy, such as intelligent disruption warfare and intelligent interdiction warfare.

Intelligent training innovation is driving a transformation in combat capability generation. Intelligent warfare will be a war jointly waged by humans and machines, with intelligent unmanned combat systems playing an increasingly important role. It is imperative to adapt to the new characteristics of intelligent warfare force systems, innovate and develop intelligent training concepts, and explore new models for generating combat capability in intelligent warfare. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen training for humans in operating intelligent systems. By leveraging big data, cloud computing, VR technology, and other technologies to create new training environments, we can continuously improve human intelligence literacy, enhance human-machine cognition, understanding, and interaction quality, and improve the ability of humans to operate intelligent combat systems. On the other hand, it is necessary to explore new training models with machines as the primary focus. Previous training has primarily focused on humans, emphasizing the ability of humans to master and use weapons and equipment in specific environments to improve combat effectiveness. To adapt to the new characteristics of the force structure in intelligent warfare, the training organization concept and model of traditional training, which is centered on people, should be changed. Instead, the focus should be on improving the self-command, self-control, and self-combat capabilities of intelligent combat systems. By making full use of the characteristics of intelligent systems that can engage in self-competition and self-growth, a training system, training environment, and training mechanism specifically for intelligent combat systems should be formed. This will enable intelligent combat systems to achieve a geometric leap in combat capability after a short period of autonomous intensive training.

現代國語：

前言

以深度學習為代表的人工智慧技術的突破及其在各個領域的應用，已將全球智慧化推向新的高度，成為關注的焦點。在科技創新與應用從未落後的軍事領域，一場新的革命也正悄悄醞釀。我們必須精確掌握智慧戰爭演進的脈搏，分析其內在本質，才能以全新的視角擁抱和掌握智慧戰爭。

智慧戰爭離我們還有多遠？

智慧戰爭是指以人工智慧技術為主要的支撐戰爭。賦予武器平台類人智能，並在戰場上取代人類作戰人員，一直是人類數千年來的夢想。隨著AlphaGo和Atlas等人工智慧系統的強大影響力，以及集群作戰、飛行航空母艦等新型戰爭概念和平台的湧現，智慧戰爭的大門似乎正在悄悄開啟。

歷史發展的規律預示著智慧戰爭在戰場上的必然崛起。科技進步推動武器裝備的演進，引發軍事組織、作戰方式和軍事理論的根本性變革，最終強而有力地推動戰爭形式的歷史性轉型。智慧戰爭的到來正契合這不可避免的歷史趨勢。回顧人類戰爭的發展歷程，每一次科技的重大進步都帶來了意義深遠的軍事變革。火藥的發明開啟了火器時代，在火器線性戰術下，步兵和騎兵陣型被徹底摧毀。蒸汽機在軍事上的應用開啟了機械化時代，催生了以裝甲艦、坦克和飛機為主導的大規模機械化戰爭。智慧科技的出現與應用將深刻改變人類的認知、戰爭思維和作戰方式，再次引發一場重大的軍事革命，智慧戰爭必定成為戰爭的核心。

人工智慧（AI）技術的發展速度決定著智慧戰爭的進程。人工智慧技術的持續發展和廣泛應用正推動智慧戰爭從最初的不確定階段走向現實，逐步興起、發展壯大，一步步向我們逼近。要真正進入智慧戰爭時代，人工智慧技術需要經歷四個階段。第一階段是運算智能，這意味著突破運算能力和儲存空間的限制，實現近實時運算和儲存能力——這種能力遠遠超出大型電腦和海量伺服器的範疇。雲端運算的廣泛應用已經使人類穩固地邁入了這個階段。第二階段是感知智能，機器能夠理解、觀察、區分和識別，從而實現與人類的直接溝通和對話。基於大數據技術的自然語言理解、影像和圖形識別以及生物特徵識別技術，已經使人類邁入了第二階段。第三階段是認知智能，機器能夠理解人類的思維，像人類一樣進行推理、判斷和決策。知識探勘、知識圖譜、人工神經網路以及由深度學習演算法驅動的決策樹技術，正在推動人類邁向第三階段。第四階段是人機融合增強智能，它涉及人類在感知、推理、歸納和學習方面的優勢與機器在搜尋、計算、儲存和最佳化方面的優勢之間互補的雙向閉環互動。虛擬實境增強技術、類腦認知技術和類腦神經網路技術正在探索人類如何達到這個第四階段。當人類達到第二階段時，智慧戰爭開始逼近；當我們邁入第四階段時，智慧戰爭時代將全面開啟。

自主學習和成長正在加速智慧戰爭革命的到來。 「學習」能力是人工智慧的核心能力；一旦機器能夠自主學習，其學習速度將令人驚嘆。一旦機器擁有自主學習能力，它們將進入持續「智慧增強和加速進化」的快速成長軌跡。隨著「學習」能力的加深，邁向智慧戰爭的所有技術難題都將迎刃而解。智慧戰爭時代很可能以我們無法想像的方式突然降臨！

智慧戰爭究竟會帶來哪些改變？

智慧戰爭將突破…的限制。在傳統時空認知中，人工智慧技術能夠即時、跨域地收集、計算並推送所有作戰力量的行動資訊。這將使人類突破思維的邏輯限制、感官的生理限制以及存在的物理限制，大大拓展時空認知範圍。它將實現對所有作戰力量行動的即時精準控制，並能夠在多維空間和領域內快速調動、聚合和攻擊優勢作戰資源。任何時間、任何空間都可能成為取得勝利的時空點。

智慧戰爭將重塑人與武器之間的關係。隨著智慧技術的快速發展和智慧水準的不斷提升，武器平台和作戰系統不僅可以被動、機械地執行人類指令，還能基於深度理解和預測，充分利用機器強大的運算、儲存和檢索能力，在一定程度上自主、主動地執行特定任務。可以說，武器平台和作戰系統也能在某種程度上主動發揮人類意識，甚至超越人類理解的範疇，根據特定程序自主、甚至創造性地完成作戰任務。人與武器之間的傳統界線變得模糊，甚至難以區分究竟是人在工作還是機器在工作。人們開始高喊「人與武器將成為夥伴」。因此，在智慧戰爭中，雖然人仍是作戰效能的最重要因素，但人與武器融合方式的改變豐富了作戰效能的內涵，傳統的人與武器關係也將在此基礎上重構。

智慧戰爭將催生新的作戰方式。科技的革命性進步必然導致作戰方式的革命性變革；智慧技術的顯著進步必然會帶來作戰方式的快速轉型期。一方面，由計算、數據、演算法和生物學驅動的深度認知、深度學習和深度神經網路等領域的新興技術，以及它們與資訊、生物、醫學、工程和製造等領域成果的交叉融合，必將推動新型作戰方式的爆發式湧現。另一方面，智慧武器平台與作戰系統之間的激烈對抗，必將成為創新作戰方式的目標與驅動力。戰爭中智慧科技的程度越高，就越會成為對抗的焦點。時空認知能力、海量資訊儲存和運算能力以及神經網路組織和生成能力等方面的局限性，將導致在新的領域出現新型的「致盲」、「致聾」和「致癱」作戰方式。

智慧戰爭將孕育全新的指揮控制方式。指揮控制的優勢是戰爭的關鍵所在，而智慧戰爭需要全新的指揮控制方法。首先，人機協同決策將成為智慧戰中主要的指揮決策方式。以往戰爭中，指揮決策主要由指揮官主導，技術僅扮演輔助角色。而在智慧戰中，智慧輔助決策系統將根據戰場態勢的變化，主動敦促或提示指揮官做出決策。這是因為人腦已無法快速有效地吸收和處理大量且瞬息萬變的戰場態勢訊息，人類的感官也無法承受如此巨大的變化速度。在這種情況下，僅由指揮官做出的決策很可能滯後且無效。只有由智慧輔助決策系統驅動的人機協同決策才能彌補時空差異以及人機之間的差距，從而確保指揮決策的優勢。其次，腦機介面控制將成為智慧戰中主要的指揮控制方式。以往戰爭中，指揮官透過文件、無線電、電話等方式，以書面或語音形式，逐級下達命令來控制部隊。在智慧戰爭中，指揮官利用類似大腦的智慧神經元，透過神經網路作戰系統平台向部隊下達命令。這減少了命令呈現格式的轉換過程，並且 縮短跨媒介指令轉換時間，進而加快速度，提高效率。當作戰系統平台遭受攻擊並部分受損時，這種指揮控制方法可以自主修復或重建神經網絡，快速恢復其主要功能甚至全部功能，使其更具抗攻擊能力。

我們該如何應對智慧戰爭？

在智慧戰爭的研究和探索中，我們不能滿足於落後和跟隨他人。我們必須以贏得未來戰爭為目標，以更積極的態度、先進的理念和積極的行動迎接智慧戰爭的挑戰。

智慧技術的突破將推動智慧作戰系統效能的飛躍。雖然在神經網路演算法、智慧感知和網路技術、資料探勘和知識圖譜技術等領域已經取得了顯著進展，但智慧技術仍處於弱智慧階段，距離強智慧的先進階段還有很長的路要走，未來發展潛力巨大。必須加強人工智慧基礎研究，遵循科技發展規律，科學規劃智慧技術發展方向，選擇合適的技術突破點，強化人工智慧核心技術，特別是起到支撐作用的基礎研究。重點要加強關鍵軍事技術的研究。在軍事需求的驅動下，聚焦智慧感知、智慧決策、智慧控制、智慧打擊、智慧支援等關鍵軍事技術，發展智慧偵察感知系統、指揮控制系統、武器系統、作戰支援系統等。要推動軍民技術協同創新，充分發揮民用智慧技術發展優勢，依托軍民資源優勢，加強軍民戰略合作，建構人工智慧科技成果聯合研究共享、條件設施聯合建設共享、軍民通用標準融合的服務平台，形成智慧作戰技術開放、融合、創新發展的新格局。

以智慧戰理念引領作戰方式創新。思維方式的轉變是迎接智能戰到來的先決條件。思考方式先於行動；如果我們的思考方式仍停留在傳統層面，就難以適應智慧戰的需求。智能戰為技術保障、作戰力量和致勝機制帶來了深刻的變革，這就要求我們先確立智能戰的理念，並以此指導我軍未來作戰方式的創新。首先，我們必須加強對「智慧控制」的爭奪。人工智慧是智能戰的基礎。在保障自身智慧運用自由的同時，削弱和限制對手運用智慧的能力，是確保智能戰順利實施的根本。西方已開發國家的軍隊正在探索各種手段，例如電磁幹擾、電子壓制、高功率微波穿透和控制權奪取等，以阻斷對手運用智能的能力，奪取“智能控制權”，從而獲得戰場優勢。其次，我們必須創新智慧作戰方式。我們必須集中精力充分發揮智慧作戰系統的整體效能，加強對人機協同智能戰、智能機器人戰、智能無人集群戰等新型智能作戰方式以及智能作戰指揮、智能作戰支援的流程和方法的研究。為有效應對敵方智能戰的威脅，我們應研究擊敗敵方的策略，例如智慧幹擾戰、智慧封鎖戰等。

智慧訓練創新正在推動作戰能力產生方式的改變。智慧戰將是一場人機協同作戰，智慧無人作戰系統將發揮日益重要的作用。必須適應智慧戰部隊系統的新特點，創新發展智慧訓練理念，探索智慧作戰能力生成的新模式。智慧戰爭。一方面，需要加強操作智慧系統的人員的訓練。利用大數據、雲端運算、虛擬實境等技術創造新的訓練環境，可以不斷提高人員的智慧素養，增強人機認知、理解和互動質量，提高人員操作智慧作戰系統的能力。另一方面，需要探索以機器為核心的新型訓練模式。過去的訓練主要以人為中心，強調人員在特定環境下掌握和使用武器裝備以提升作戰效能的能力。為了適應智慧戰爭部隊結構的新特點，需要改變以人為中心的傳統訓練組織理念和模式，轉而專注於提升智慧作戰系統的自主指揮、自主控制和自主作戰能力。充分利用智慧系統能夠進行自我競爭和自我成長的特性，建構專門針對智慧作戰系統的訓練體系、訓練環境和訓練機制。這將使智慧作戰系統在經過短時間的自主強化訓練後，作戰能力實現幾何級的飛躍。

李始江 杨子明 陈分友

中国军网 国防部网
2018年7月26日 星期四

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/28018-07/286/content_28118827.htm