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Inclusive Plan for Building Chinese Artificial Intelligence Capabilities

01/31/2026 admin Leave a comment

建構中國人工智慧能力的包容性規劃

現代英語：

To bridge the digital and intelligent divide, and particularly to ensure the Global South benefits equitably from the development of artificial intelligence, China believes it is essential to uphold the UN’s coordinating role in international development cooperation, adhere to genuine multilateralism, and, based on the principles of sovereign equality, development orientation, people-centeredness, inclusiveness, and collaborative cooperation, effectively implement the UN General Assembly resolution on strengthening international cooperation in artificial intelligence capacity building ( A/RES/78/311 ) through North-South cooperation, South-South cooperation, and trilateral cooperation, thereby promoting the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. To this end, China has proposed the “Inclusive Plan for Artificial Intelligence Capacity Building” and calls on all parties to increase investment in artificial intelligence capacity building.

I. Vision and Goals

(a) Promoting the connectivity of artificial intelligence and digital infrastructure

Improve the global interoperability of artificial intelligence and digital infrastructure, actively assist countries, especially the Global South, in developing artificial intelligence technologies and services, and help the Global South truly access artificial intelligence and keep up with the pace of its development.

(II) Promoting the application of “AI+” to empower various industries

Explore and promote the all-round, full-chain, and multi-scenario empowerment of the real economy by artificial intelligence, promote the application of artificial intelligence in industrial manufacturing, traditional agriculture, green transformation and development, climate change response, biodiversity protection and other fields, and promote the construction of a rich, diverse, healthy and benevolent artificial intelligence development ecosystem in accordance with local conditions.

(III) Strengthening AI literacy and talent cultivation

Actively promote the widespread application of artificial intelligence in education, carry out talent training and exchange in artificial intelligence, increase the sharing of general professional knowledge and best practices, cultivate public awareness of artificial intelligence, protect and strengthen the digital and intelligent rights of women and children, and share knowledge, achievements and experiences in artificial intelligence.

(iv) Enhance the security and diversity of artificial intelligence data

Cooperation will promote the lawful, orderly, and free cross-border flow of data, explore the establishment of a global mechanism platform for data sharing, and safeguard personal privacy and data security. It will also promote the equality and diversity of AI data corpora, eliminate racism, discrimination, and other forms of algorithmic bias, and promote, protect, and preserve the diversity of civilizations.

(v) Ensure that artificial intelligence is safe, reliable and controllable

Upholding the principles of fairness and non-discrimination, we support the establishment of a globally interoperable framework, standards, and governance system for AI security risk assessment that takes into account the interests of developing countries within the framework of the United Nations. We will jointly assess the risks of AI research and application, actively promote and improve technologies and policies to address AI security risks, and ensure that the design, research and development, use, and application of AI promote human well-being.

II. China’s Actions

(i) China is willing to carry out North-South cooperation, South-South cooperation and trilateral cooperation in the field of artificial intelligence with all countries, jointly implement the outcomes of the UN Future Summit, actively cooperate with all countries, especially developing countries, in the construction of artificial intelligence infrastructure, and jointly build joint laboratories.

(ii) China is willing to carry out cooperation in the research and development and empowerment of artificial intelligence models, especially to promote the application of artificial intelligence in poverty reduction, medical care, agriculture, education and industrial manufacturing, deepen international cooperation in the artificial intelligence production and supply chain, and unleash the dividends of artificial intelligence as a new type of productive force.

(III) China is willing to work with all countries, especially developing countries, to explore the potential of artificial intelligence to empower green development, climate change response, and biodiversity conservation, and contribute to global climate governance and sustainable development.

(iv) China is willing to build an international cooperation platform for artificial intelligence capacity building. China’s artificial intelligence industry and industry alliances are willing to carry out various forms of exchange activities with all countries, especially developing countries, to share best practices, and to build an open source community for artificial intelligence in a responsible manner, so as to promote the construction of a multi-level and multi-industry cooperation ecosystem.

(v) The Chinese government will organize short- and medium-term education and training programs for artificial intelligence capacity building in developing countries, share artificial intelligence education resources, and carry out joint programs and exchanges in artificial intelligence to help developing countries cultivate high-level artificial intelligence science and technology and application talents.

(vi) The Chinese government is willing to strengthen cooperation with developing countries in human resources assistance. Building on the first artificial intelligence capacity building workshop held this year, it will hold ten more training and seminar programs in the field of artificial intelligence, focusing on developing countries, by the end of 2025.

(vii) China is willing to work with all countries, especially developing countries, to cultivate public awareness of artificial intelligence, and promote the popularization and professional knowledge of artificial intelligence in a multi-dimensional, multi-level and multi-platform manner through a combination of online and offline methods, and strive to improve the artificial intelligence literacy and skills of our people, especially to protect and improve the digital rights of women and children.

(viii) China is willing to work with all countries, especially developing countries, to jointly develop artificial intelligence corpora, take positive measures to eliminate racial, algorithmic, and cultural discrimination, and commit to maintaining and promoting linguistic and cultural diversity.

(ix) China is willing to work with all countries, especially developing countries, to promote and improve data infrastructure and jointly promote the fair and inclusive use of global data.

(x) China is willing to work with all countries, especially developing countries, to strengthen the alignment of artificial intelligence strategies and policy exchanges, actively share policies and technical practices in artificial intelligence testing, evaluation, certification and regulation, and work together to address the ethical and security risks of artificial intelligence.

現代國語：

為彌合數位落差和智慧鴻溝，尤其要確保全球南方國家公平地受益於人工智慧發展，中國認為必須維護聯合國在國際發展合作中的協調作用，堅持真正的多邊主義，並本著主權平等、發展導向、以人為本、包容性和協作性原則，透過南北合作、南南合作和三方合作，切實落實聯合國大會關於加強人工智慧能力建構國際合作的決議（A/RES/78/311），從而推動落實聯合國2030年永續發展議程。為此，中國提出了“人工智慧能力建設包容性方案”，並呼籲各方加大對人工智慧能力建設的投入。

一、願景與目標

(a) 促進人工智慧與數位基礎設施的互聯互通

提升人工智慧與數位基礎設施的全球互通性，積極協助各國，特別是全球南方國家，發展人工智慧技術和服務，幫助全球南方國家真正獲得人工智慧，並跟上其發展步伐。

(II) 推動「AI+」賦能各產業

探索並推動人工智慧對實體經濟的全方位、全鏈、多場景賦能，推動人工智慧在工業製造、傳統農業、綠色轉型發展、氣候變遷因應、生物多樣性保護等領域的應用，並根據當地實際情況，推動建構豐富多元、健康向善的人工智慧發展生態系統。

（三）加強人工智慧素養與人才培養

積極推動人工智慧在教育領域的廣泛應用，進行人工智慧人才培訓和交流，加強一般專業知識和最佳實踐的分享，提升大眾對人工智慧的認識，保護和加強婦女兒童的數位和智慧權利，分享人工智慧領域的知識、成果和經驗。

（四）增強人工智慧資料的安全性與多樣性

合作將促進資料合法、有序、自由的跨境流動，探索建立全球資料共享機制平台，保障個人隱私和資料安全。同時，也將促進人工智慧資料語料庫的平等性和多樣性，消除種族主義、歧視和其他形式的演算法偏見，促進、保護和維護文明多樣性。

（五）確保人工智慧安全、可靠、可控

秉持公平、非歧視原則，我們支持在聯合國框架內建立兼顧發展中國家利益的全球互通人工智慧安全風險評估架構、標準和治理體系。我們將共同評估人工智慧研發和應用風險，積極推動和改善應對人工智慧安全風險的技術和政策，確保人工智慧的設計、研發、使用和應用促進人類福祉。

二、中國的行動

（一）中國願與各國在人工智慧領域進行南北合作、南南合作與三方合作，共同落實聯合國未來高峰會成果，積極與各國，特別是發展中國家合作建置人工智慧基礎設施，共同建置聯合實驗室。

（二）中國願在人工智慧模型研發和賦能方面開展合作，尤其是在推動人工智慧在減貧、醫療、農業、教育和工業製造等領域的應用方面，深化人工智慧生產和供應鏈領域的國際合作，釋放人工智慧作為新型生產力的紅利。

（三）中國願與各國，特別是發展中國家，共同探索人工智慧在賦能綠色發展、應對氣候變遷和保護生物多樣性方面的潛力，為全球氣候治理和永續發展做出貢獻。

（四）中國願建構人工智慧能力建構國際合作平台。中國人工智慧產業和產業聯盟願進行各種形式的合作。

與各國，特別是發展中國家進行交流活動，分享最佳實踐，負責任地建構人工智慧開源社區，以促進多層次、多產業的合作生態系統建設。

（五）中國政府將在發展中國家組織進行短期和中期人工智慧能力建構教育培訓項目，共享人工智慧教育資源，進行人工智慧聯合項目和交流，幫助發展中國家培養高水準人工智慧科技及應用人才。

（六）中國政府願加強與發展中國家在人力資源援助的合作。在今年舉辦的首屆人工智慧能力建構研討會的基礎上，到2025年底，中國將再舉辦十期人工智慧領域的培訓和研討會，重點是發展中國家。

（七）中國願同各國，特別是發展中國家，共同努力，透過線上線下相結合的方式，多維度、多層次、多平台地普及人工智慧知識，提高國民人工智慧素養和技能，尤其要保護和改善婦女兒童的數位權利。

（八）中國願同各國，特別是發展中國家，共同建構人工智慧語料庫，積極消除種族歧視、演算法歧視和文化歧視，致力於維護和促進語言文化多樣性。

（九）中國願同各國，特別是發展中國家，共同促進資料基礎建設，共同推動全球資料的公平、包容性利用。

（十）中國願與各國，特別是發展中國家，加強人工智慧戰略和政策交流的協調一致，積極分享人工智慧測試、評估、認證和監管方面的政策和技術實踐，共同應對人工智慧的倫理和安全風險。

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/wjbzhd/2028409/t2028409827_114984638.shtml

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare

A Look at Chinese Intelligent Warfare: Warfare Considerations Brought by AGI

01/31/2026 admin Leave a comment

中國情報戰概覽：AGI帶來的戰爭考量

現代英語：

Technology and war have always been intertwined. While technological innovation constantly changes the face of war, it hasn’t altered its violent nature and coercive objectives. In recent years, with the rapid development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the debate about its impact on war has never ceased. Compared to artificial intelligence (AI), artificial general intelligence (AGI) is considered to be a higher level of intelligence, comparable to human intelligence. How will the emergence of AGI affect war? Will it change the violent and coercive nature of war? This article will explore this question with a series of reflections.

Is AGI just an enabling technology?

Many believe that while large-scale models and generative artificial intelligence (AGI) demonstrate great potential for future military applications, they are ultimately just enabling technologies. They can only enhance and optimize weapons and equipment, making existing equipment smarter and improving combat efficiency, but they are unlikely to bring about a true military revolution. Just like “cyber warfare weapons,” which were once highly anticipated by many countries when they first appeared, now seem somewhat exaggerated.

The disruptive nature of AGI is entirely different. It brings tremendous changes to the battlefield with reaction speeds and knowledge far exceeding those of humans. More importantly, it produces enormous disruptive results by accelerating technological progress. On the future battlefield, autonomous weapons will be endowed with advanced intelligence by AGI, their performance will be universally enhanced, and they will become “strong in offense and difficult in defense” due to their speed and swarm advantages. At that time, the highly intelligent autonomous weapons predicted by some scientists will become a reality, and AGI will play a key role in this. Currently, the military applications of artificial intelligence include autonomous weapons, intelligence analysis, intelligent decision-making, intelligent training, and intelligent support, which are difficult to summarize simply as “empowerment.” Moreover, AGI develops rapidly, has a short iteration cycle, and is in a state of continuous evolution. In future operations, AGI needs to be prioritized, and special attention should be paid to the potential changes it brings.

Will AGI make wars disappear?

Historian Jeffrey Breeny argues that “wars always occur due to misjudgments of each other’s strength or will,” and that with the application of AGI in the military field, misjudgments will become increasingly rare. Therefore, some scholars speculate that wars will decrease or even disappear. Indeed, relying on AGI can significantly reduce misjudgments, but even so, it’s impossible to eliminate all uncertainty, as uncertainty is a defining characteristic of war. Moreover, not all wars arise from misjudgments, and the inherent unpredictability and inexplicability of AGI, along with people’s lack of experience using AGI, will bring new uncertainties, plunging people into an even deeper “artificial intelligence fog.”

AGI algorithms also present rational challenges. Some scholars believe that AGI’s ability to mine and accurately predict critical intelligence has a dual impact. In practical operation, AGI does indeed make fewer mistakes than humans, improving intelligence accuracy and reducing misjudgments; however, it can sometimes lead to overconfidence and reckless actions. The offensive advantage brought by AGI results in the best defensive strategy being “preemptive strike,” disrupting the balance between offense and defense, creating a new security dilemma, and ultimately increasing the risk of war.

AGI (Automatic Genomics) is highly versatile and easily integrated with weaponry. Unlike nuclear, biological, and chemical technologies, it has a low barrier to entry and is particularly prone to proliferation. Due to technological gaps between countries, immature AGI weapons could potentially be deployed on the battlefield, posing significant risks. For example, the application of drones in recent local conflicts has spurred many small and medium-sized countries to begin large-scale drone procurement. The low-cost equipment and technology offered by AGI could very well stimulate a new arms race.

Will AGI be the ultimate deterrent?

Deterrence is the maintenance of a capability to intimidate an adversary into refraining from actions that exceed one’s own interests. Ultimate deterrence occurs when it becomes so powerful as to be unusable, such as nuclear deterrence that ensures mutual destruction. But ultimately, the deciding factor is “human nature,” a crucial element that will never be absent from war.

Without the considerations of “humanity,” would AGI become a formidable deterrent? AGI is fast but lacks empathy; its resolute execution severely compresses the strategic space. AGI is a key factor on the future battlefield, but due to a lack of practical experience, accurate assessment is difficult, easily leading to overestimation of the adversary’s capabilities. Furthermore, regarding autonomous weapon control, whether to have humans within the system for full-time supervision or to leave it entirely to the outside world requires careful consideration. Should the firing control of intelligent weapons be handed over to AGI? If not, the deterrent effect will be greatly diminished; if so, can the life and death of humanity truly be decided by machines unrelated to them? Research at Cornell University shows that large-scale wargaming models frequently escalate wars with “sudden nuclear attacks,” even when in a neutral state.

Perhaps one day in the future, AGI will surpass human capabilities. Will we then be unable to regulate and control it? Jeffrey Hinton, who proposed the concept of deep learning, said he has never seen a case where something with a higher level of intelligence was controlled by something with a lower level of intelligence. Some research teams believe that humans may not be able to supervise super artificial intelligence. Faced with powerful AGI in the future, will we really be able to control them? This is a question worth pondering.

Will AGI change the nature of war?

With the widespread use of AGI, will battlefields filled with violence and bloodshed disappear? Some argue that AI warfare far exceeds human capabilities and may even push humanity off the battlefield. When AI transforms warfare into a conflict entirely between autonomous robots, will it still be a “violent and bloody war”? When unequal adversaries clash, the weaker party may have no chance to act. Can wars be ended before they even begin through war games? Will AGI change the nature of warfare as a result? Is a “war” without humans still a war?

Yuval Noah Harari, author of Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, states that all human behavior is mediated by language and influences our history. The Large Language Model (AGI) is a typical example of AGI, differing from other inventions in its ability to create entirely new ideas and cultures; “storytelling AI will change the course of human history.” When AGI gains control over language, the entire system of human civilization could be overturned, without even requiring its own consciousness. Like Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, will humanity worship AGI as a new “god”?

AGI establishes a close relationship with humans through human language and alters their perceptions, making them difficult to distinguish and discern, thus posing a risk that the will to fight could be controlled by those with ulterior motives. Harari stated that computers don’t need to send out killer robots; if necessary, they will allow humans to pull the trigger themselves. AGI precisely manufactures and refines situational information, controlling battlefield perception through deep deception. This can be achieved through drones to fabricate battlefield situations and through pre-war public opinion manipulation, as already evident in recent local conflicts. The cost of war would thus decrease significantly, leading to the emergence of new forms of warfare. Would small and weak nations still have a chance? Can the will to fight be changed without bloodshed? Is “force” no longer a necessary condition for defining war?

The form of war may change, but its essence remains. Regardless of how “bloody” war is, it will still force the enemy to submit to its will and inflict significant “collateral damage,” only the methods of resistance may be entirely different. The essence of war lies in the deep-seated “human nature,” which is determined by culture, history, behavior, and values. It is difficult to completely replicate using any artificial intelligence technology, so we cannot outsource all ethical, political, and decision-making issues to AI, nor can we expect AI to automatically generate “human nature.” AI technology may be abused due to impulsive passions, so it must be under human control. Since AI is trained by humans, it will not always be without bias, therefore it cannot be completely free from human oversight. In the future, artificial intelligence can become a creative tool or partner, enhancing “tactical imagination,” but it must be “aligned” with human values. These issues need to be continuously considered and understood in practice.

Will AGI subvert war theory?

Most academic knowledge is expressed in natural language. A comprehensive language model, which integrates the best of human writing, can connect seemingly incompatible linguistic works with scientific research. For example, some have input classical works, and even works from philosophy, history, political science, and economics, into a comprehensive language model for analysis and reconstruction. They have found that it can comprehensively analyze all scholars’ viewpoints and also offer its own “insights,” without sacrificing originality. Therefore, some have asked whether it is possible to re-analyze and interpret war theory through AGI, stimulating human innovation and driving a major evolution and reconstruction of war theory and its systems. Perhaps there would indeed be some theoretical improvements and developments, but war science is not only theoretical but also practical, and AGI simply cannot achieve this practicality and realism. Can classical war theory really be reinterpreted? If so, what is the significance of the theory?

In short, AGI’s disruption of the concept of warfare will far exceed that of “mechanization” and “informatization.” We must embrace AGI boldly, yet remain cautious. Understanding the concept prevents ignorance; in-depth research prevents falling behind; and strengthened oversight prevents oversight. How to cooperate with AGI and guard against adversaries’ AGI technological surprise attacks is our primary concern for the future.

After editing

Look to the future with an open mind

■Ye Chaoyang

Futurist Roy Amalra famously asserted that people tend to overestimate the short-term benefits of a technology while underestimating its long-term impact, a principle known as “Amalra’s Law.” This law emphasizes the non-linear nature of technological development, meaning that the actual impact of technology often only becomes fully apparent over a longer timescale. It reflects the pulse and trends of technological development, and embodies humanity’s acceptance and aspirations towards technology.

Currently, in the development of artificial intelligence from weak AI to strong AI, and from specialized AI to general AI, each time people think they have completed 90% of the process, looking back, they may only have completed less than 10%. The driving role of technological revolution in military revolution is becoming increasingly prominent, especially as high-tech technologies, represented by artificial intelligence, penetrate the military field in multiple ways, causing profound changes in the mechanisms, factors, and methods of winning wars.

In the foreseeable future, intelligent technologies such as AGI will continue to iterate, and the cross-evolution of intelligent technologies and their empowering applications in the military field will become increasingly diversified, perhaps even transcending the boundaries of humanity’s current understanding of warfare. The development of technology is unstoppable and unstoppable. Whoever can use keen insight and a clear mind to see the trends and future of technology, to see its potential and power, and to penetrate the “fog of war,” will be more likely to seize the initiative.

This serves as a reminder that we should adopt a broader perspective and mindset in exploring the future forms of warfare in order to get closer to the underestimated reality. Where is AGI headed? Where is intelligent warfare headed? This tests human wisdom.

現代國語：

科技與戰爭始終密不可分。科技創新不斷改變戰爭的面貌，卻並未改變其暴力本質和強制目的。近年來，隨著人工智慧（AI）技術的快速發展和應用，關於其對戰爭影響的爭論從未停止。與人工智慧（AI）相比，通用人工智慧（AGI）被認為是一種更高層次的智能，堪比人類智能。 AGI的出現將如何影響戰爭？它會改變戰爭的暴力和強製本質嗎？本文將透過一系列思考來探討這個問題。

AGI只是一種賦能技術嗎？

許多人認為，儘管大規模模型和生成式人工智慧（AGI）展現出未來軍事應用的巨大潛力，但它們終究只是賦能技術。它們只能增強和優化武器裝備，使現有裝備更加智能，提高作戰效率，但不太可能帶來真正的軍事革命。就像曾經被許多國家寄予厚望的「網路戰武器」一樣，如今看來似乎有些誇大其詞。

通用人工智慧（AGI）的顛覆性本質截然不同。它以遠超人類的反應速度和知識儲備，為戰場帶來巨大改變。更重要的是，它透過加速技術進步，產生巨大的顛覆性影響。在未來的戰場上，AGI將賦予自主武器先進的智能，使其性能全面提升，並憑藉速度和集群優勢，成為「攻守難攻」的利器。屆時，一些科學家預測的高智慧自主武器將成為現實，而AGI將在其中扮演關鍵角色。目前，人工智慧的軍事應用涵蓋自主武器、情報分析、智慧決策、智慧訓練和智慧支援等領域，難以簡單地以「賦能」來概括。此外，AGI發展迅速，迭代週期短，處於持續演進的狀態。在未來的作戰行動中，AGI必須優先考慮，並應特別關注其可能帶來的潛在變革。

AGI會讓戰爭消失嗎？

歷史學家傑弗裡·布雷尼認為，“戰爭的發生總是源於對彼此實力或意志的誤判”，而隨著通用人工智慧（AGI）在軍事領域的應用，誤判將變得越來越罕見。因此，一些學者推測戰爭將會減少甚至消失。的確，依賴AGI可以顯著減少誤判，但即便如此，也無法完全消除不確定性，因為不確定性是戰爭的本質特徵。此外，並非所有戰爭都源自於誤判，AGI固有的不可預測性和不可解釋性，以及人們缺乏使用AGI的經驗，將會帶來新的不確定性，使人們陷入更深的「人工智慧迷霧」。

AGI演算法也帶來了理性方面的挑戰。一些學者認為，AGI挖掘和準確預測關鍵情報的能力具有雙重影響力。在實際操作中，AGI確實比人類犯的錯誤更少，提高了情報的準確性並減少了誤判；然而，它有時會導致過度自信和魯莽行動。通用人工智慧（AGI）帶來的進攻優勢使得最佳防禦策略成為“先發製人打擊”，打破了攻防平衡，製造了新的安全困境，並最終增加了戰爭風險。

通用人工智慧（AGI）用途廣泛，易於與武器系統整合。與核武、生物武器和化學武器不同，它的進入門檻低，且極易擴散。由於各國之間存在技術差距，不成熟的通用人工智慧武器可能被部署到戰場上，構成重大風險。例如，無人機在近期局部衝突的應用促使許多中小國家開始大規模採購無人機。通用人工智慧提供的低成本裝備和技術很可能引發新一輪軍備競賽。

通用人工智慧會成為最終的威懾力量嗎？

威懾是指維持一種能力，使對手不敢採取超越自身利益的行動。當威懾力量強大到無法使用時，例如確保相互毀滅的核威懾，就達到了終極威懾的境界。但歸根結底，決定性因素是“人性”，這是戰爭中永遠不可或缺的關鍵要素。

如果忽略“人性”，通用人工智慧（AGI）還能成為強大的威懾力量嗎？ AGI速度很快，但缺乏同理心；其果斷的執行會嚴重壓縮戰略空間。 AGI是未來戰場上的關鍵因素，但由於缺乏…實務經驗表明，準確評估十分困難，很容易高估對手的能力。此外，關於自主武器控制，是否應該讓人類在系統中全天候監控，還是完全交給外部世界，都需要仔細斟酌。智慧武器的發射控制權是否應該交給通用人工智慧（AGI）？如果不行，威懾效果將大大降低；如果行，人類的生死真的能由與人類無關的機器來決定嗎？康乃爾大學的研究表明，大規模兵棋推演模型經常會透過「突然的核攻擊」來升級戰爭，即使在中立國也是如此。

或許在未來的某一天，通用人工智慧的能力將超越人類。到那時，我們是否就無法對其進行監管和控制了？深度學習概念的提出者傑弗裡·辛頓表示，他從未見過智能水平更高的系統被智能水平更低的系統控制的情況。一些研究團隊認為，人類或許無法監管超級人工智慧。面對未來強大的通用人工智慧，我們真的能夠控制它們嗎？這是一個值得深思的問題。

通用人工智慧（AGI）會改變戰爭的本質嗎？

隨著AGI的廣泛應用，充滿暴力和血腥的戰場會消失嗎？有人認為，人工智慧戰爭的能力遠遠超出人類，甚至可能將人類逐出戰場。當人工智慧將戰爭完全轉變為自主機器人之間的衝突時，它還會是「暴力和血腥的戰爭」嗎？當實力懸殊的對手交鋒時，弱勢一方可能毫無還手之力。戰爭能否透過戰爭演習在爆發前就結束？ AGI會因此改變戰爭的本質嗎？一場沒有人類參與的「戰爭」還能稱之為戰爭嗎？

《人類簡史》的作者尤瓦爾·赫拉利指出，所有人類行為都受語言的製約，並影響我們的歷史。大型語言模型（AGI）是AGI的典型例子，它與其他發明不同之處在於它能夠創造全新的思想和文化；「講述故事的人工智慧將改變人類歷史的進程。」當通用人工智慧（AGI）掌控語言時，整個人類文明體係都可能被顛覆，甚至無需其自身意識。如同柏拉圖的「洞穴寓言」一般，人類會把AGI當成新的「神」嗎？

AGI透過人類語言與人類建立密切聯繫，並改變人類的感知，使其難以區分和辨別，從而構成一種風險：人類的戰鬥意志可能被別有用心之人操控。哈拉里指出，電腦無需派出殺手機器人；如有必要，它們會允許人類自行扣動扳機。 AGI能夠精確地製造和完善戰場訊息，透過深度欺騙控制戰場態勢感知。這可以透過無人機製造戰場環境以及戰前輿論操縱來實現，正如近期局部衝突中所展現的那樣。戰爭成本將因此大幅降低，進而催生新的戰爭形式。弱小國還有勝算？能否在不流血的情況下改變人類的戰鬥意志？「武力」是否不再是定義戰爭的必要條件？

戰爭的形式或許會改變，但本質不變。無論戰爭多麼“血腥”，它最終都會迫使敵人屈服於己方意志，並造成重大的“附帶損害”，只是抵抗的方式可能截然不同。戰爭的本質在於根深蒂固的“人性”，而人性又是由文化、歷史、行為和價值觀決定的。任何人工智慧技術都難以完全複製人性，因此我們不能將所有倫理、政治和決策問題都外包給人工智慧，也不能指望人工智慧會自動產生「人性」。人工智慧技術可能因衝動而被濫用，因此必須置於人類的控制之下。由於人工智慧是由人類訓練的，它並非總是沒有偏見，因此無法完全脫離人類的監督。未來，人工智慧可以成為一種創造性的工具或夥伴，增強“戰術想像”，但它必須與人類價值觀“保持一致”。這些問題需要在實踐中不斷思考和理解。

通用人工智慧（AGI）會顛覆戰爭理論嗎？

大多數的學術知識都是用自然語言表達。一個整合了人類寫作精華的綜合語言模型，可以將看似不相容的語言學著作與科學研究連結起來。例如，一些學者將古典著作，甚至哲學、歷史、政治和經濟學等領域的著作輸入到綜合語言模型中進行分析和重構。他們發現，該模型既能全面分析所有學者的觀點，又能提出自身的“見解”，同時又不失原創性。因此，有人提出了這樣的問題：因此，我們有可能透過通用人工智慧（AGI）重新分析和詮釋戰爭理論，從而激發人類創新，並推動戰爭理論及其體系的重大演進和重構。或許確實會出現一些理論上的改進和發展，但戰爭科學不僅是理論性的，也是實踐性的，而AGI根本無法達到這種實踐性和現實性。經典戰爭理論真的可以被重新詮釋嗎？如果可以，那麼該理論的意義何在？

簡而言之，AGI對戰爭概念的顛覆將遠遠超過「機械化」和「資訊化」。我們必須大膽擁抱AGI，但也要保持謹慎。理解概念可以避免無知；深入研究可以避免落後；加強監督可以避免失職。如何與AGI合作，並防範對手利用AGI技術發動突襲，是我們未來面臨的首要問題。

編輯後

以開放的心態展望未來

■葉朝陽

未來學家羅伊·阿瑪拉曾提出著名的“阿瑪拉定律”，指出人們往往高估一項技術的短期收益，而低估其長期影響。該定律強調技術發展的非線性特徵，意味著技術的實際影響往往需要更長的時間才能完全顯現。它反映了技術發展的脈動和趨勢，反映了人類對科技的接受度和期望。

目前，在人工智慧從弱人工智慧向強人工智慧、從專用人工智慧發展到通用人工智慧的過程中，人們每次認為自己已經完成了90%的工作，回首往事，可能才完成了不到10%。科技革命在軍事革命中的驅動作用日益凸顯，尤其是在以人工智慧為代表的高科技以多種方式滲透軍事領域，深刻改變戰爭的機制、因素和取勝之道的情況下。

在可預見的未來，通用人工智慧（AGI）等智慧技術將不斷迭代發展，智慧科技的交叉演進及其在軍事領域的賦能應用將日益多元化，甚至可能超越人類目前對戰爭的認知邊界。技術的發展勢不可擋。誰能以敏銳的洞察力和清晰的思維洞察技術的趨勢和未來，看到其潛力和力量，並撥開戰爭迷霧，誰就更有可能掌握主動權。

這提醒我們，在探索未來戰爭形態時，應採取更廣闊的視野和思維方式，才能更接近被低估的現實。通用人工智慧將走向何方？智慧戰爭將走向何方？這考驗著人類的智慧。

來源：中國軍事網-解放軍報作者：榮明、胡曉峰編輯：吳明奇發佈時間：2025-01-21 07:xx:xx

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/yw_20887827/186836858485.html

#Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Command information Systems, Information Support Force

Chinese Military Plans Focus on Improving Battlefield Management During Future Operations

01/31/2026 admin Leave a comment

中國軍方計畫聚焦於提升未來作戰中的戰場管理能力

現代英語：

Battlefield management refers to the management of participating troops and other relevant personnel, weapons and equipment, command structures, and key targets to maintain battlefield order. Joint operations under informationized and intelligent conditions are rapidly expanding the operational space and the battlefield area to an unprecedented extent. Coupled with the deep integration of various services and forces, battlefield management faces more complex new situations, new requirements, and new challenges. Looking towards future warfare, battlefield management should closely follow the evolving characteristics of warfare, firmly establish the concept of integrated warfare management, build smooth and efficient mechanisms, promote innovation in management methods, and effectively improve management levels.

Establish a strong concept of integrated combat management. Future warfare is based on integrated joint operations using network information systems. Battlefield management, as a crucial element in ensuring victory, has undergone significant changes compared to traditional battlefield management. Only by re-examining the role of battlefield management in future joint operations, closely focusing on the requirements of victory, always keeping in mind the needs of future warfare, further broadening the management perspective and expanding the management scope, and establishing a concept of integrated combat management can we maximize and consolidate combat effectiveness. First, we must establish a systematic management concept, employing a comprehensive and systematic way of thinking to examine and properly handle all kinds of battlefield-related matters, and implement all-time, all-element management of all elements. Secondly, it is essential to establish a holistic management philosophy, clearly define the primary objectives of battlefield management and their scope, and ensure comprehensive control over all resources, including human, financial, and material resources, as well as the scientific management of spatiotemporal information resources. Thirdly, it is crucial to establish a centralized management philosophy, combining the actual situation of the troops with future combat development trends, to develop detailed emergency plans for all possible unforeseen circumstances on the battlefield, and to establish strict management discipline based on the assigned tasks and personnel, ensuring coordinated and consistent troop actions.

Establish a smooth and efficient mechanism. Future joint operations will involve not only the joint operations of various services and arms, but also the overall joint operations of forces in other fields. The personnel composition will be complex, the forces will be intertwined and overlapping, and the high degree of dispersion of weapons, equipment, and key targets will further increase the difficulty of management. In joint operations, problems such as complex management relationships, loose management structures, and disrupted management chains are prone to arise. Establishing a smooth and efficient management mechanism can improve the quality and efficiency of battlefield management and effectively solve related problems. Therefore, based on the joint operations system, a top-down command structure and a smooth information exchange mechanism should be established to build a timely and efficient operational management system. This encompasses close collaboration between commanders at all levels and the command system, as well as real-time interconnection and coordination among various combat platforms and weapon systems. Throughout the process, a streamlined yet responsive and continuous management mechanism is established to meet the evolving needs of the battlefield environment.

Promote innovation in management methods. The large-scale application of cutting-edge technologies in the military has transformed combat forms and patterns, requiring corresponding innovation in battlefield management to adapt to the new challenges brought about by new situations and problems. Efforts should be focused on shifting from traditional, extensive, experience-based management to intensive, precise management, continuously simplifying management processes, further compressing management chains, and improving management efficiency. Instructions from superiors must be received, understood, and implemented quickly; emergencies must be grasped, judged, and handled quickly; and management problems must be identified, resolved, and reflected upon quickly to avoid unnecessary losses caused by complex management. The traditional, singular management model must be changed, focusing on all types of personnel and elements in management, managing flexibly according to time and place, continuously enhancing pertinence and effectiveness, and promoting overall management efficiency.

現代國語：

戰場管理是指對參戰部隊及其他相關人員、武器裝備、指揮體系及重點目標進行管理，以維持戰場秩序。資訊化、智慧化條件下的聯合作戰正以前所未有的規模迅速拓展作戰空間和戰場範圍。加之各軍種、各力量的深度融合，戰場管理面臨更複雜的新形勢、新要求和新挑戰。展望未來戰爭，戰場管理應緊跟戰爭演變特徵，堅定確立一體化作戰管理理念，建構流暢高效的機制，推動管理方式創新，有效提升管理水準。

確立一體化作戰管理理念。未來戰爭是建立在網路資訊系統基礎上的一體化聯合作戰。戰場管理作為確保勝利的關鍵要素，與傳統戰場管理相比發生了顯著變化。只有重新檢視戰場管理在未來聯合作戰中的作用，緊扣勝利要求，始終牢記未來戰爭的需求，進一步拓寬管理視野、擴大管理範圍，確立一體化作戰管理理念，才能最大限度地提升和鞏固作戰效能。首先，必須建立系統化的管理理念，運用全面系統的思維方式，對戰場各類事務進行全面、系統的審視和妥善處理，實行全時、全要素的統籌管理。其次，必須建立整體性的管理理念，明確戰場管理的主要目標和範圍，確保對人力、財力、物力等所有資源進行全面管控，並對時空資訊資源進行科學管理。第三，必須建立集中統一的管理理念，結合部隊實際情況和未來作戰發展趨勢，針對戰場上可能出現的各種突發情況制定詳細的應急預案，並根據任務和人員配置建立嚴格的管理紀律，確保部隊行動協調一致。

建立順暢高效的機制。未來的聯合作戰不僅涉及各軍種的聯合作戰，也涉及其他領域部隊的全面聯合作戰。人員構成複雜，兵力交織重疊，武器裝備和重點目標高度分散，進一步增加了管理難度。在聯合作戰中，管理關係複雜、管理結構鬆散、管理鏈斷裂等問題容易出現。建立順暢有效率的管理機制，能提升戰場管理的品質與效率，有效解決相關問題。因此，應基於聯合作戰體系，建立由上而下的指揮結構和順暢的資訊交流機制，建構及時且有效率的作戰管理體系。這包括各級指揮官與指揮系統的緊密協作，以及各作戰平台和武器系統之間的即時互聯互通和協同配合。在此過程中，建立精簡且有效率、反應迅速且持續的管理機制，以滿足不斷變化的戰場環境需求。

推進管理方法創新。尖端技術在軍事領域的大規模應用改變了作戰形式和格局，對戰場管理提出了相應的創新要求，以適應新形勢和新問題帶來的挑戰。應著重從傳統的、粗放的、經驗式的管理轉向精簡的、精準的管理，不斷簡化管理流程，進一步縮短管理鏈，提高管理效率。上級指示必須迅速接收、理解和執行；突發事件必須迅速掌握、判斷和處理；管理問題必須迅速發現、解決和反思，避免因管理過於複雜而造成不必要的損失。必須改變傳統的、單一的管理模式，關注各類人員和各類要素的管理，根據時間和地點靈活管理，不斷提高管理的針對性和有效性，從而提升整體管理效率。

中國軍網與國防部網 2024年5月14日，星期二

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/szb_223187/szbxq/index.html?paperName=jfjb&paperDate=2024-05-14&paperNumber=078&articleid=9838089893

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Chinese #Quantum #technology, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #quantum computing warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Information Support Force, 量子計算戰爭

A Brief Analysis of the Characteristics and Patterns of Chinese Intelligent Warfare

01/31/2026 admin Leave a comment

中國情報戰的特徵和模式簡析

現代英語：

Currently, the rapid development of intelligent technologies, primarily artificial intelligence, has triggered a chain of breakthroughs in the military field, leading to significant changes in the concepts, elements, and methods of winning wars, and accelerating the evolution of warfare towards intelligence. Intelligent warfare, as a new form of warfare following mechanized and informationized warfare, represents a comprehensive upgrade and reshaping of force systems, combat methods, and battlefield space. A forward-looking analysis of the characteristics and patterns of intelligent warfare is crucial for accelerating the development of military intelligence, forging intelligent combat capabilities, seizing strategic initiative, and winning future intelligent wars.

Intellectual control becomes the core of winning wars.

Looking back at the history of human warfare, control of land, sea, air, and space has become the focus of contention in different historical periods. Control of physical space is crucial for winning mechanized warfare, while information warfare relies even more heavily on information superiority. Information superiority has surpassed physical space superiority to become the core superiority in information warfare. It is clear that technology has significantly influenced the historical trajectory of the evolution of war superiority. In the era of intelligent warfare, massive amounts of data need to be transmitted, acquired, and processed in real time. Manned, unmanned, and swarm combat platforms need to be more intelligent and autonomous, and the operational chain “OODA” (Output-Output-Action) needs to be efficiently and rapidly closed. All of these rely on intelligent technologies, primarily artificial intelligence, for empowerment. Intelligence superiority will dominate the outcome of future wars.

The pursuit of dominance in warfare has always been a relentless endeavor in the military practices of various countries. Since the 1990s, the Gulf War, the Kosovo War, the Afghanistan War, and the Iraq War have fully demonstrated the battlefield dominance brought about by information superiority. Currently, countries worldwide are vigorously promoting the military application of artificial intelligence, establishing relevant functional departments, and clarifying development priorities. The US Department of Defense’s “Data, Analytics, and Artificial Intelligence Adoption Strategy” and the UK Ministry of Defence’s “Defense Artificial Intelligence Strategy” are both aimed at building powerful militaries for the intelligent era. In the future, the competition among militaries for intelligent superiority will continue and intensify, pushing the control of intelligence to become a core element of victory in warfare.

Human-machine integration has become a basic form of combat force.

From the perspective of combat force development, the dominance of unmanned combat forces is an inevitable trend. The deployment of unmanned systems on the battlefield does not simply change the way humans fight, but rather alters the most basic unit involved in combat. Currently, unmanned combat forces have become a key focus of development for militaries worldwide. In August 2023, the US military announced the “Replicator” program, aiming to deploy thousands of low-cost, expendable unmanned autonomous systems within 18-24 months. In April 2025, the US Department of Defense released a memorandum titled “Army Transformation and Acquisition Reform,” planning to equip each combat division with approximately 1,000 drones. Early Russian military plans clearly stated that by 2025, unmanned equipment would account for over 30% of its force. In May 2025, the British Army released the “20-40-40” strategic doctrine, aiming for an overall unmanned force ratio of 80%. Objectively speaking, the level of intelligence of unmanned equipment currently used in the military is generally low, with most still relying on remote control by combat personnel. For a considerable period in the future, improving the autonomy of machines will remain a key focus and trend in the development of unmanned equipment, and this increased autonomy will, in turn, lead to wider application of unmanned equipment.

From the perspective of artificial intelligence technology development trends, human-machine integration is an inevitable choice for achieving complementary advantages between humans and machines while ensuring the safety and controllability of machines. On the one hand, human-machine integration is an inevitable choice for fully leveraging the respective strengths of biological and machine intelligence. Looking at the development history of artificial intelligence, machines possess advantages surpassing humans in computation and perception, excelling in data processing, classification and recognition, and real-time analysis. However, humans still retain advantages in situational awareness, forward-looking reasoning, and command and decision-making. Effectively leveraging the respective strengths of humans and machines is the optimal choice for solving complex problems. On the other hand, human-machine integration is an inevitable choice for ensuring the safety and controllability of machine intelligence. No matter how superior a machine’s performance, it cannot escape human control and cannot harm humanity itself. Human-machine integration enables macroscopic controllability and microscopic autonomy of machines, thereby achieving the optimal state where humans lead the operational intent while machines handle the operational details.

Unmanned intelligent warfare has become the main form of combat.

Currently, technologies such as artificial intelligence and unmanned autonomous systems are deeply embedded in the military field, driving the continuous upgrading and reshaping of combat styles. Engels once profoundly pointed out: “Once technological advancements can be used for military purposes and have been used for military purposes, they immediately, almost forcibly, and often against the will of the commanders, cause changes or even revolutions in the methods of warfare.” Unmanned warfare first appeared during World War II, but due to the limited technological development at the time, its application scenarios and combat functions were relatively simple. Since the 21st century, the functions of unmanned warfare have been continuously expanding. In the Afghan War, the US military used MQ-1 “Predator” drones to kill al-Qaeda leaders; in the Iraq War, the US-led coalition used more than 20 types of ground unmanned systems and unmanned underwater vehicles for reconnaissance, mine clearance, and obstacle removal. In the latest local wars, unmanned warfare has been widely used in reconnaissance and surveillance, fire strikes, terminal guidance, and communication relay missions. Meanwhile, manned/unmanned collaborative operations have become an important form, and unmanned swarm operations have played a crucial role. Practice shows that combat personnel are quietly moving away from the front lines, and unmanned warfare has become an important style of modern warfare. With continuous breakthroughs in intelligent technology, the intelligence and autonomy of equipment, as well as the degree of human-machine integration, will be significantly improved. At the same time, artificial intelligence will improve the speed, quality, and accuracy of commanders’ decision-making, and the intelligence chain, command and control chain, strike chain, and support chain will be efficiently linked, promoting a second-level response in the “observation-judgment-decision-action” closed loop. This will drive unmanned warfare to develop to a higher level of intelligence, such as intelligent “swarms,” ”Trojan horse” infiltration, and distributed autonomous combat styles, which will fundamentally change the form and rules of traditional warfare. Unmanned intelligent warfare will become the main combat mode of intelligent warfare.

Real-time, multi-dimensional, cross-domain operations have become a key requirement for the struggle for spacetime.

Time and space are the fundamental components and operational basis of warfare. In the era of intelligent warfare, the spatiotemporal perspective of war will undergo fundamental changes. First, time will be extremely compressed. Intelligent warfare has truly entered the “detect and destroy” era, significantly accelerating the pace of combat. The increasing autonomy of unmanned equipment further separates humans from equipment, continuously compressing the time for detection and strike. The intelligent interconnection of unmanned and manned equipment further enhances the ability to perceive the battlefield and respond to complex battlefield environments. The temporal segmentation of battlefield situation changes is more detailed and precise, with increasingly shorter time slots and smaller granularities, resulting in an unprecedented increase in the amount of combat content carried per unit of time and its utilization efficiency. Second, space will expand infinitely. The military application of unmanned intelligent technologies is constantly breaking through the logical limits of human thinking, the physiological limits of senses, and the physical limits of existence. The battlefield is further extending to polar regions, the deep sea, and deep space. The territory of war is expanding from physical space and information space to cognitive space, forming operational domains such as the physical domain and the information domain. Third, time and space will act in parallel. Intelligent warfare is subverting the spatiotemporal relationship of the traditional battlefield, making traditional strategies and tactics of trading time for space or space for time ineffective. With increasingly tighter combat schedules, expanded combat spaces, and more diverse combat methods, coupled with a more synchronized spatiotemporal relationship and a more integrated spatiotemporal effect, the human-machine collaborative approach of “humans leading the intent, machines executing the operation” may become the optimal solution. Intelligent auxiliary command and control systems can optimize various functional combinations from spatially distributed combat resources based on the characteristics and time-sensitive features of the targets. They can also dynamically adjust on the spot, forming a multi-target—multi-sensor—multi-shooter parallel strike mode with a multi-kill chain, leaving the enemy nowhere to hide spatially and no time to escape, maximizing the combined effect of spatiotemporal elements.

Self-learning can evolve into a new mode of combat power generation.

Combat power generation models are a relatively stable set of methods, approaches, and standard forms for forming and improving combat power. In the era of mechanized warfare, combat power generation mainly relied on the additive effect of personnel and weaponry; in the era of information warfare, it mainly relied on the multiplicative effect of personnel, weaponry, and information; in the era of intelligent warfare, it mainly relies on the exponential effect of personnel, weaponry, and intelligence. Intelligent technologies, represented by artificial intelligence, are endowing combat systems with the ability to learn, grow, and evolve on their own. Among these, algorithms are the “accelerators” of combat power generation. Combat power in the intelligent era is generated based on accelerated algorithmic processes. The sophistication of algorithms determines the “intelligence” of intelligent equipment. Algorithms can drive the acceleration of situational awareness through sensory elements, accelerate analysis and judgment through data fusion, and accelerate decision-making through precise calculations, detailed calculations, in-depth calculations, and deep reasoning. Data is the “multiplier” of combat power generation, influencing combat power through algorithms. The quantity and quality of data have a significant impact on combat power generation; more high-quality data results in higher algorithmic intelligence and more efficient combat power generation. Computing power is the “catalyst” for combat power generation. In past warfare, limited by technological development, war calculations were mostly rough estimates, and computing power played a minor, inconspicuous role in combat capability generation. In the era of intelligent warfare, however, computing power, through algorithms, significantly catalyzes combat capability generation, becoming an indispensable and crucial element. The rapidly developing artificial intelligence models of recent years, based on algorithmic improvements, large-scale high-quality data supply, and high-performance computing support, demonstrate powerful self-learning and evolutionary capabilities. This migration of capabilities to the military field will inevitably have a profound impact on combat capability generation models. The self-learning and evolutionary capabilities previously possessed only by biological organisms will become essential capabilities of intelligent combat systems, thus significantly distinguishing them from information-based combat systems.

現代國語：

目前，以人工智慧為代表的智慧技術的快速發展，引發了軍事領域的一系列突破，導致戰爭理念、要素和方式發生重大變革，加速了戰爭向智慧化的演進。智能戰作為繼機械化戰爭和資訊化戰爭之後的新型戰爭形式，代表部隊體系、作戰方式和戰場空間的全面升級和重塑。對智慧戰的特徵和格局進行前瞻性分析，對於加速軍事情報發展、鍛造智慧作戰能力、奪取戰略主動權、贏得未來智能戰至關重要。

智力控製成為戰爭取勝的核心。

回顧人類戰爭史，陸海空四大領域的控制權在不同歷史時期都曾是爭奪的焦點。物理空間的控制是贏得機械化戰爭的關鍵，而資訊戰則更依賴資訊優勢。資訊優勢已超越實體空間優勢，成為資訊戰的核心優勢。顯而易見，科技對戰爭優勢演進的歷史軌跡產生了重大影響。在智慧戰爭時代，海量資料需要即時傳輸、取得和處理。有人、無人和集群作戰平台需要更智慧和自主化，作戰鏈「OODA」（輸出-輸出-行動）需要有效率快速地閉合。所有這些都依賴智慧技術，尤其是人工智慧，來賦能。情報優勢將主導未來戰爭的走向。

追求戰爭優勢一直是各國軍事實踐中不懈的努力。自1990年代以來，海灣戰爭、科索沃戰爭、阿富汗戰爭和伊拉克戰爭充分展現了資訊優勢帶來的戰場優勢。目前，世界各國都在大力推動人工智慧的軍事應用，建立相關職能部門，並明確發展重點。美國國防部的《數據、分析和人工智慧應用戰略》和英國國防部的《國防人工智慧戰略》都旨在為智慧時代打造強大的軍隊。未來，各國軍隊對智慧優勢的競爭將持續加劇，智慧控制將成為戰爭勝利的核心要素。

人機融合已成為作戰力量的基本形態。

從作戰力量發展的角度來看，無人作戰力量的主導地位是不可避免的趨勢。無人系統在戰場上的部署不僅改變了人類的作戰方式，也改變了作戰中最基本的單位。目前，無人作戰力量已成為世界各國軍隊發展的重點。 2023年8月，美國軍方宣布啟動「複製者」（Replicator）計劃，旨在18-24個月內部署數千套低成本、一次性使用的無人自主系統。 2025年4月，美國國防部發布了一份題為《陸軍轉型與裝備改革》的備忘錄，計畫為每位作戰師配備約1,000架無人機。俄羅斯早期的軍事計畫明確指出，到2025年，無人裝備將佔其兵力的30%以上。 2025年5月，英國陸軍發布了「20-40-40」戰略理論，目標是使無人部隊的總體比例達到80%。客觀而言，目前軍方使用的無人裝備智慧化程度普遍較低，且大多數仍依賴作戰人員的遠端操控。在未來相當長的一段時間內，提高機器的自主性仍將是無人裝備發展的關鍵重點和發展趨勢，而自主性的提升反過來又將推動無人裝備的更廣泛應用。

從人工智慧技術發展趨勢來看，人機融合是實現人機優勢互補、同時確保機器安全性和可控性的必然選擇。一方面，人機融合是充分發揮生物智慧和機器智慧各自優勢的必然選擇。回顧人工智慧的發展歷程，機器在計算和感知方面擁有超越人類的優勢，尤其擅長數據處理、分類識別和即時分析。然而，人類在態勢感知、前瞻性推理以及指揮決策方面仍保持著優勢。g. 有效發揮人機各自的優勢是解決複雜問題的最佳選擇。另一方面，人機融合是確保機器智慧安全性和可控性的必然選擇。無論機器的性能多麼卓越，它都無法脫離人類的控制，也無法對人類本身造成傷害。人機融合能夠實現機器的宏觀可控制性和微觀自主性，從而達到人類主導作戰意圖、機器處理作戰細節的最佳狀態。

無人智慧戰爭已成為主要的作戰形式。

目前，人工智慧、無人自主系統等技術已深度融入軍事領域，推動作戰方式的不斷升級與重塑。恩格斯曾深刻指出：「一旦技術進步能夠用於軍事目的，並且已經用於軍事目的，它就會立即、幾乎是強迫地、而且往往違背指揮官的意願，導致戰爭方式的改變，甚至革命。」無人作戰最早出現於第二次世界大戰期間，但由於當時技術發展有限，其應用場景和作戰功能相對簡單。進入21世紀以來，無人作戰的功能不斷擴展。在阿富汗戰爭中，美軍使用MQ-1「掠奪者」無人機擊斃基地組織領導人；在伊拉克戰爭中，美國領導的聯軍使用了20多種地面無人系統和無人水下航行器進行偵察、掃雷和清除障礙物等任務。在近期的局部戰爭中，無人作戰被廣泛應用於偵察監視、火力打擊、末端導引和通訊中繼等任務。同時，有人/無人協同作戰成為一種重要形式，無人集群作戰發揮了關鍵作用。實踐表明，作戰人員正在悄悄遠離前線，無人作戰已成為現代戰爭的重要形式。隨著智慧技術的不斷突破，裝備的智慧化和自主性以及人機融合程度將顯著提升。同時，人工智慧將提高指揮官決策的速度、品質和準確性，並使情報鏈、指揮控制鏈、打擊鍊和支援鏈高效銜接，推動「觀察-判斷-決策-行動」閉環中的二級回應。這將推動無人作戰朝向更高層次的智慧化發展，例如智慧「集群」、「特洛伊木馬」滲透和分散式自主作戰模式，從根本上改變傳統戰爭的形式和規則。無人智慧作戰將成為智慧戰爭的主要作戰模式。

即時、多維、跨域作戰已成為爭奪時空的關鍵要求。

時間和空間是戰爭的基本組成部分和作戰基礎。在智慧戰爭時代，戰爭的時空觀將會發生根本性的改變。首先，時間將被極大壓縮。智慧戰爭已真正進入「探測與摧毀」時代，顯著加快了作戰節奏。無人裝備自主性的不斷提高進一步拉開了人與裝備的距離，持續壓縮了探測與打擊的時間。無人裝備與有人裝備的智慧互聯進一步增強了對戰場的感知能力和對複雜戰場環境的反應能力。戰場態勢變化的時間分割更加細緻、精確，時間間隔越來越短，粒度越來越小，從而以前所未有的速度提升了單位時間內作戰內容的承載量及其利用效率。其次，空間將無限擴展。無人智慧技術的軍事應用不斷突破人類思維的邏輯極限、感官的生理極限以及存在的物理極限。戰場進一步延伸至極地、深海和深空。戰爭的疆域正從物理空間和資訊空間擴展到認知空間，形成物理域和資訊域等作戰領域。第三，時間和空間將並行運作。智慧戰爭正在顛覆傳統戰場的時空關係，使得以時間換空間或以空間換時間的傳統戰略戰術失效。隨著作戰時間日益縮短、作戰空間不斷擴大、作戰方式日益多樣化，以及時空關係日益同步與更加…時空一體化效應使得「人引導意圖，機器執行操作」的人機協同作戰模式成為最優解。智慧輔助指揮控制系統能夠根據目標的特徵和時間敏感性，優化空間分佈作戰資源的各種功能組合，並能進行現場動態調整，形成多目標、多感測器、多射手並行打擊模式，實現多殺傷鏈，使敵人無處可藏，無處可逃，最大程度地發揮時空要素的綜合效應。

自學習可以演化成一種新的戰鬥力生成模式。

戰鬥力生成模式是一套相對穩定的形成和提升戰鬥力的方法、途徑和標準形式。在機械化戰爭時代，戰鬥力生成主要依靠人員和武器的疊加效應；在資訊戰時代，則主要依靠人員、武器和資訊的乘積效應。在智慧戰爭時代，作戰主要依賴人員、武器和情報的指數級成長效應。以人工智慧為代表的智慧技術賦予作戰系統自主學習、成長和演進的能力。其中，演算法是作戰能力生成的「加速器」。智慧時代的作戰能力正是基於加速的演算法流程而產生的。演算法的複雜程度決定了智慧裝備的「智能」程度。演算法可以透過感知元素加速態勢感知，透過資料融合加速分析判斷，並透過精確計算、詳細計算、深度計算和深度推理加速決策。數據是作戰能力產生的“倍增器”，它透過演算法影響作戰能力。數據的數量和品質對作戰能力的產生有著顯著的影響；更多的高品質數據能夠帶來更高的演算法智慧和更有效率的作戰能力產生。運算能力是作戰能力生成的「催化劑」。在以往受限於科技發展的戰爭中，戰爭計算大多是粗略估計，運算能力在作戰能力生成中扮演的角色微不足道。然而，在智慧戰爭時代，運算能力透過演算法顯著促進了作戰能力的生成，成為不可或缺的關鍵要素。近年來，基於演算法改進、大規模高品質數據供應和高效能運算支援的快速發展的人工智慧模型，展現出強大的自學習和進化能力。這種能力向軍事領域的遷移必將對作戰能力生成模型產生深遠影響。以往僅生物體才具備的自學習與進化能力，將成為智慧作戰系統的核心能力，因而顯著區別於資訊型作戰系統。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/186841829899.html

#intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Combat Planning, Intelligent Warfare

China’s Military Exploring a New Track for Generating New Types of Combat Capabilities

01/26/2026 admin Leave a comment

中國軍方正在探索一條製造新型作戰能力的新途徑

現代英語：

President Xi Jinping emphasized the need to boldly innovate and explore new models for the construction and application of combat forces, and to fully unleash and develop new-type combat capabilities. This important instruction reminds us that new-type combat capabilities, as a key force for winning future battlefields, are crucial to the course of war, the transformation of development, and the outcome of combat. We must closely follow the evolution of the form of war and the requirements for fully unleashing and developing new-type combat capabilities, explore new avenues for generating new-type combat capabilities, and continuously improve their contribution to war preparedness and combat.

Empowering the development of new-type combat capabilities with science and technology. Technological empowerment is a key characteristic of the development of new-type combat capabilities. Historically, major technological advancements have always led to profound changes in the form and methods of warfare. Currently, the world’s technological and military revolutions are developing rapidly, urgently requiring us to break free from fixed mindsets and reliance on traditional paths, closely monitor the forefront of military technology to innovate tactics and training methods, and continuously explore effective means to accelerate the formation of informationized and intelligent combat capabilities. First, we must seize technological advantages. To enhance technological insight, awareness, and response speed, we must strengthen technological research in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence and big data, boldly innovate the technological mechanisms of system confrontation, the lethality mechanisms of firepower strikes, and the combat mechanisms of information offense and defense, and improve the foresight, relevance, and effectiveness of technological innovation. Secondly, we must be adept at adapting to change. We must deeply understand the inherent mechanisms by which technology affects training, adhere to technology-enabled and technology-strengthened training, effectively utilize advanced technology in combat training, widely promote training methods such as “technology+” and “network+”, and continuously improve the level of combat-oriented training. Thirdly, we must strengthen the transformation and application of these technologies. We must keep a close eye on military combat readiness, innovate and explore new combat force construction and application models, actively expand the combat effectiveness of new domain and new quality equipment, focus on integrating new domain and new quality forces into the combat system, construct typical scenarios, innovate tactics and applications, and strive to create new combat capability growth poles.

Promoting the Development of New-Type Combat Capabilities through Force Integration. Force integration is a crucial aspect of building and developing new-type combat capabilities. Simply adding traditional combat systems will not generate new-type combat capabilities. Only by continuously promoting the integrated coupling of new combat concepts, new combat systems, and new combat platforms, and achieving mutual promotion and complementary advantages among various elements and units, can new-type combat capabilities truly emerge as a whole. First, ensure the integration of old and new. “New-type” is an evolution and upgrade of “old-type,” not a simple replacement. We must adhere to the principle of “establishing before dismantling,” and insist on starting from reality, developing “new-type” capabilities according to local conditions and the actual situation of combat capability construction, preventing and eliminating “favoring the new and discarding the old,” and low-quality and inefficient duplication of construction. Second, promote military-civilian integration. To establish and improve the mechanism for sharing military and civilian science and technology resources, we must break down the barriers between high-quality military and civilian resources, remove obstacles to sharing channels, promote the open sharing of resource elements and the joint creation and utilization of innovative achievements, and form a synergy for generating new combat capabilities. Secondly, we must achieve the integration of software and hardware. Future informationized and intelligent warfare will place greater emphasis on the overall linkage of combat elements. The degree of integration of “software” and “hardware” forces directly determines the effectiveness of combat capability generation and release and the course of the war. We must construct a combat force system that enhances system efficiency and promotes overall linkage, strengthen the layout of combat forces that are autonomously adaptable and interactively empowered, deeply address the contradictions and shortcomings in the mutual coordination of software and hardware, and promote the improvement of the quality and efficiency of the combat system.

Talent cultivation supports the development of new-type combat capabilities. Talent support is a crucial guarantee for the construction and development of new-type combat capabilities. As combat forms evolve towards unmanned, intelligent, and autonomous operations, the command system and organizational structure of the armed forces are becoming more streamlined, urgently requiring a new type of military talent pool. First, proactive training is essential. It is necessary to streamline the channels for cultivating and utilizing new-type military talent, integrating talent cultivation with the construction and development of new-type combat capabilities. Differentiating between different operational fields and professional positions, further precise standardization of talent standards and training paths is needed, along with strengthened training and experience, shortening the training cycle, and closely integrating and resonating with force development. Second, enhanced mission-based training is crucial. We must adhere to the principle of precisely aligning talent cultivation and utilization with the needs of military struggle and the development and application of new-type combat capabilities. We must fully utilize opportunities such as major missions and exercises to strengthen talent identification through rigorous testing, and promote a precise alignment between the supply side of talent cultivation and the demand side of the future battlefield. Thirdly, we must ensure precise management and utilization. We must grasp the laws governing the growth of military talent and the requirements for the development of new-type combat capabilities, innovate management concepts and methods, precisely allocate human resources, strengthen the professional, refined, and scientific management of the talent pool, and place talent in positions where they can best contribute to new-type combat capabilities to hone their skills and create a dynamic situation where people are well-suited for their positions and their talents are fully utilized.

(Author’s affiliation: Jiangsu Armed Police Corps)

現代國語：

探索新質戰斗力生成“新賽道”

■何松利

習主席強調，大膽創新探索新型作戰力量建設和運用模式，充分解放和發展新質戰斗力。這一重要指示啟示我們，新質戰斗力作為制勝未來戰場的關鍵力量，關乎戰爭走向、關乎建設轉型、關乎作戰勝負，必須緊跟戰爭形態演變及充分解放和發展新質戰斗力要求，研究探索新質戰斗力生成“新賽道”，不斷提升對備戰打仗的貢獻率。

以科技賦能牽引新質戰斗力發展。科技賦能是新質戰斗力建設發展的重要特征。從戰爭發展演進的歷史來看，歷次重大科技進步都會引發戰爭形態和作戰方式的深刻變革。當前，世界科技革命和軍事革命迅猛發展，迫切需要打破思維定勢、擺脫傳統路徑依賴，緊盯軍事科技前沿創新戰法訓法，不斷探索加快形成信息化智能化戰斗力的有效手段。一是搶佔技術優勢。要提升技術洞察力、認知度和響應速度，加強對人工智能、大數據等新興領域的技術研究，大膽創新體系對抗的技術機理、火力打擊的殺傷機理、信息攻防的作戰機理，提高科技創新的前瞻性、針對性、實效性。二是善於知變用變。要深刻理解科技作用於訓練的內在機理，堅持科技賦能、科技強訓，抓好高新技術作戰訓練運用，廣泛推開“科技+”“網絡+”等訓練方法路子，不斷提升實戰化訓練水平。三是加強轉化運用。要緊盯軍事斗爭准備創新探索新型作戰力量建設和運用模式，積極拓展新域新質裝備作戰效能，重點將新域新質力量融入作戰體系，構設典型場景、創新戰法運用，努力打造新質戰斗力增長極。

以力量融合推動新質戰斗力發展。力量融合是新質戰斗力建設發展的重要環節。傳統作戰系統的簡單疊加不會產生新質戰斗力，只有持續推動新作戰理念、新作戰體制、新作戰平台一體耦合，實現各要素單元相互促進、優勢互補，才能真正促成新質戰斗力整體湧現。首先，做好新舊融合。“新質”是對“舊質”的演化升級而非單純取代，要遵循“先立後破”原則，堅持一切從實際出發，按照戰斗力建設實際因地制宜發展“新質”，防止和杜絕“喜新厭舊”、低質低效重復建設。其次，促進軍地融合。要建立健全軍地科技資源共享機制，打破軍地優質資源相互封閉態勢，破除軍地共享渠道梗阻，推進資源要素開放共享、創新成果共創共用，形成新質戰斗力生成的整體合力。再次，實現軟硬融合。未來信息化智能化作戰更為強調作戰要素的整體聯動，“軟硬”力量的結合度直接決定戰斗力生成釋放效能和戰局走向，要構造體系增效、整體聯動的作戰力量體系，強化作戰力量自主適應、交互賦能的布局，深入破解軟件與硬件相互協同的矛盾短板，推動作戰體系提質增效。

以人才培育支撐新質戰斗力發展。人才支撐是新質戰斗力建設發展的重要保證。隨著作戰形態朝著無人化、智能化、自主化發展，部隊的指揮體系、組織結構更趨扁平化，迫切需要一支新型軍事人才隊伍。一是超前預置培養。要貫通新型軍事人才培養使用渠道，把人才培育與新質戰斗力建設發展融為一體，區分不同作戰領域、崗位專業，對人才標准、培養途徑等進行進一步精准規范，加強培養歷練，縮短培養周期，與力量發展緊密結合、同頻共振。二是加強任務淬煉。要堅持人才培養使用同軍事斗爭需要與新質戰斗力發展運用精准對接，充分利用重大任務、演習演練等時機，在血與火的考驗中加強人才識別，推動人才培養供給側同未來戰場需求側精准對接。三是精准管理使用。要把握軍事人才成長規律，把握新質戰斗力發展要求，創新管理觀念和方式方法，精准配置人力資源，加強人才隊伍專業化、精細化、科學化管理，把人才放在最能貢獻新質戰斗力的崗位上摔打磨煉，形成人崗相宜、人盡其才的生動局面。

（作者單位：武警江蘇總隊）

來源：解放軍報作者：何松利責任編輯：葉夢圓 2024-09-18 10:xx:xx

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/1863838908983.html

#intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Intelligent Warfare

Chinese Military Perspectives on the Evolution of the Winning Mechanisms in Intelligent Warfare

01/26/2026 admin Leave a comment

中國軍方對智慧戰爭制勝機制演變的看法

現代英語：

A Perspective on the Evolution of the Winning Mechanism in Intelligent Warfare

Military theorists often say that victory smiles on those who can foresee changes in the nature of war, not on those who wait for changes to occur before adapting. In recent years, disruptive technologies, represented by artificial intelligence, have developed rapidly and are widely applied in the military field, accelerating the evolution of warfare towards intelligence. Correspondingly, our understanding of warfare is also changing. Only by promptly identifying, proactively responding to, and actively adapting to changes can we remain invincible in future wars.

From “using strength to defeat weakness” to “using wisdom to overcome clumsiness”

The principle of “the strong prevailing over the weak” is a relatively universal law of war. Even in cases where the weak defeat the strong, victory often requires establishing a numerical advantage over the enemy in a specific location and at a specific time. In the era of intelligent warfare, intellectual superiority contributes far more to combat effectiveness than any other factor.

In intelligent warfare, human intelligence permeates the operational domain and is integrated into weapon systems. Multi-dimensional, multi-domain intelligent combat platforms of various types can rapidly couple combat forces, construct combat systems according to mission requirements, autonomously conduct coordinated operations, and quickly return to a state of readiness after mission completion, exhibiting a trend towards intelligent autonomy. The side with higher and stronger intelligence can better develop and utilize the mechanism of “using intelligence to overcome clumsiness,” even designing warfare, dominating the course of the war, and achieving ultimate victory. It should also be recognized that the era of intelligent warfare may have multiple development stages from low to high. Positioning oneself at a higher stage while attacking the opponent at a lower stage is also an application of the “intelligence-based victory” mechanism.

From “Destroying Force” to “Destroying Cognition”

As warfare rapidly evolves towards intelligence, the battlespace is gradually expanding from the physical and information domains to the cognitive domain, extending from the tangible battlefield to the intangible battlefield. The cognitive space, constituted by human mental and psychological activities, has become a new battlespace. Unlike traditional warfare, which primarily aims to eliminate the enemy’s manpower, intelligent warfare will place greater emphasis on weakening the enemy’s morale, undermining their will, and destroying their cognition.

By intelligently analyzing an opponent’s personality preferences, psychological characteristics, and decision-making habits, deterrent information can be tailored to their specific needs. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, this powerful force can be presented to the opponent in a realistic manner, causing anxiety, suspicion, and panic to fester within them, ultimately leading to their defeat. Big data, hailed as “the new oil,” not only enriches intelligence sources but also serves as a crucial weapon in influencing an opponent’s perception. By processing and deliberately “leaking” big data to the opponent, new “fog of war” can be created, plunging them into a state of cognitive confusion. In intelligent warfare, the struggle and game surrounding psychological warfare will be more intense, and the side with cognitive advantage will have an early advantage and be more likely to take the initiative and seize the initiative.

From “human-centered” to “human-machine collaboration”

In traditional warfare, the organization and deployment of military forces are primarily human-based. However, with the widespread application of intelligent technology, the proportion of unmanned equipment is constantly increasing. In intelligent warfare, combat missions will be completed through human-machine collaboration, achieving organic integration and complementary advantages. Foreign militaries’ third “offset strategy” prioritizes human-machine collaboration as a key technology for development, and their previously proposed concepts such as “loyal wingman” aim to explore the realization of manned/unmanned cooperative warfare. It is foreseeable that human-machine collaboration will play a crucial role in future warfare.

Utilizing unmanned reconnaissance capabilities for three-dimensional, multi-dimensional battlefield situational awareness can provide real-time intelligence support to manned combat forces; unmanned platforms carrying relay payloads can provide continuous communication relay support to manned combat forces; unmanned combat forces penetrating deep into the front lines can attract enemy attacks, forcing them to reveal their positions, providing target guidance and fire support for manned combat forces; and unmanned transport equipment can provide logistical support to the front lines, improving logistical efficiency, reducing transportation costs, and minimizing unnecessary casualties. With the assistance of artificial intelligence, manned and unmanned combat forces will achieve a scientific division of labor and rational combination in terms of quantity, scale, and function, thereby maximizing overall effectiveness.

From “the big eat the small” to “the fast eat the slow”

In traditional warfare, it is often necessary to compensate for shortcomings in equipment performance by increasing the number of troops. “The key to military intelligence is speed.” The rapid development of military intelligence has greatly improved the speed of information transmission and the accuracy of weapon strikes, significantly reducing the time for reconnaissance and early warning, intelligence processing, command and decision-making, fire strikes, and damage assessment, accelerating the OODA kill chain cycle, and making “detect and destroy” possible.

Hypersonic missiles, laser weapons, microwave weapons, electromagnetic pulse weapons, and other new rapid-kill weapons are pushing the pace of warfare to the level of “instant kill.” In the Gulf War, the OODA loop loop took three days; in the Iraq War, the loop time was reduced to less than 10 minutes; and in the Syrian War, the loop was almost real-time. In intelligent warfare, using integrated reconnaissance and strike unmanned platforms to rapidly and precisely eliminate high-value targets such as the enemy’s core command posts and high-ranking commanders will severely damage the enemy before they can even react, potentially even paralyzing them. It is evident that victory does not necessarily favor the side with the largest military force; the side that acts swiftly and precisely is more likely to gain the upper hand on the battlefield. Statistics show that artificial intelligence’s reaction time to battlefield changes is more than 400 times faster than that of humans. Faced with the ever-changing battlefield situation, people will increasingly favor leveraging AI technology to achieve adaptive planning and autonomous decision-making in command and control systems, shifting the command and control model from “humans on the loop” to “humans outside the loop,” thereby reducing the burden on commanders while improving operational efficiency and the success rate of mission execution.

From “Winning Through Integration” to “Winning Through Clustering”

Traditional equipment development philosophy involves investing heavily in the research and development of highly integrated, sophisticated weapon platforms, aiming to achieve a decisive victory over the enemy in war through generational and performance advantages. However, developing and deploying multifunctional high-end platforms not only requires significant time and resources, but also presents the risk of incompatibility when integrating multiple hardware and software modules into a single weapon platform. The destruction of such a platform would result in substantial losses. The military application of disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence has spurred the rapid development of unmanned swarms. Unmanned swarms possess advantages such as large scale, low overall cost, and decentralization. Unmanned platforms coordinate and cooperate with each other, enabling them to make autonomous decisions and execute combat missions in an organized manner. Even if some unmanned platforms are destroyed, the overall combat effectiveness remains unaffected. Foreign militaries’ operational concepts such as “decision-centric warfare” and “mosaic warfare” focus on utilizing unmanned swarms to accomplish combat missions. In intelligent warfare, by distributing functions such as reconnaissance and surveillance, information communication, command and control, and firepower strikes among a large number of single-function unmanned combat units, a highly robust and flexible “kill net” is constructed. The combination of these units can then be adjusted according to mission requirements, resulting in powerful swarm intelligence that creates significant uncertainty for the adversary, trapping them in the OODA loop’s decision-making process and preventing them from making effective decisions. Furthermore, the sheer number of unmanned swarms allows the adversary’s detection, tracking, and interception capabilities to quickly reach saturation. Unable to destroy all the unmanned platforms in the swarm, the adversary is forced to face the predicament of ineffective defenses.

From “Military Dominance” to “Diverse and Hybrid”

Traditional warfare primarily relies on violence to subjugate the enemy, typically characterized by high intensity and a clear distinction between peacetime and wartime. However, as military conflict expands into new domains such as space, cyberspace, and artificial intelligence, and as the roles of economic, cultural, diplomatic, and legal means in warfare become increasingly prominent, intelligent warfare will unfold in multiple areas, particularly in the “gray zone,” employing a multi-pronged approach. The intensity of warfare may decrease, and the lines between peacetime and wartime will become more blurred. Whether it was the drone attack on Saudi oil fields in 2019 that caused half of its oil production to stop, or the cyberattack on the largest oil pipeline in the United States in 2021 that caused widespread oil shortages, the far-reaching impact of various new attack methods should not be underestimated.

As intelligent technologies develop and mature, attacks using a variety of methods against adversaries’ industrial, transportation, financial, communications, energy, and medical facilities and networks will become more common. The threshold for intelligent warfare will decrease, and participants may launch hybrid wars that integrate economic, diplomatic, cyber, media, psychological, and legal warfare without prior declaration, leaving adversaries exhausted.

From “Live-fire Testing” to “Experimental Exercises”

Under traditional conditions, due to the lack of scientific simulation and evaluation tools, the true capabilities of an army can only be tested in actual combat. Under intelligent conditions, virtual reality technology can be used to create highly realistic and immersive virtual scenarios based on real battlefield environments and mission contexts. These scenarios can not only reproduce objective elements such as weapons and equipment in terms of sound, appearance, and performance, but also simulate various severe weather conditions such as heavy fog, heavy rain, and blizzards, visually displaying battlefield terrain, meteorological, hydrological, electromagnetic, and nuclear/chemical information, closely approximating the true state of the battlefield.

By setting up hypothetical enemies in a virtual environment based on the characteristics of real-world adversaries and conducting intelligent simulations of possible battle scenarios, officers and soldiers can “experience” war multiple times in virtual reality before the official start of combat. This allows them to gain a thorough understanding of equipment performance, the pace of war, and the enemy and friendly forces, making them more adept at performing real-world missions. Before the outbreak of the Iraq War, the US military secretly developed a computer game simulating the combat environment of Baghdad. Among personnel deployed to Iraq, those trained in the game had a survival rate as high as 90%. As the data collected in reality becomes richer and more complete, the construction of virtual battlefields will become more realistic, the prediction of the battlefield situation will become more accurate, and the comprehensive evaluation of exercises will become more credible. Both sides will strive to know the outcome of the war in advance through intelligent simulations, which may lead to situations where the enemy can be subdued without fighting or with only a small battle.

現代國語：

透視智能化戰爭制勝機理嬗變

■謝愷　張東潤　梁小平

引言

軍事理論家們常說，勝利往往向那些能預見戰爭特性變化的人微笑，而不是向那些等待變化發生後才去適應的人微笑。近年來，以人工智能為代表的顛覆性技術發展迅猛，並廣泛應用於軍事領域，使戰爭形態加速向智能化演變，與之相應的戰爭觀也正在發生嬗變。及時發現變化，主動應對變化，積極適應變化，才能夠在未來戰爭中立於不敗之地。

從“以強打弱”到“以智制拙”

“強勝弱敗”是帶有一定普遍性的戰爭制勝規律。即使是那些以弱勝強的戰例，往往也須在局部和特定時段形成對敵的力量優勢才能真正取勝。智能化戰爭時代，智力優勢對戰斗力的貢獻率遠高於其他要素。

在智能化戰爭對抗中，人的智能廣泛滲透到作戰領域、移植到武器系統，全域多維、各種類型的智能化作戰平台能夠快速耦合作戰力量，根據任務需求構建作戰體系，自主實施協同作戰，任務結束迅速回歸待戰狀態，呈現智能自主趨勢。智能水平更高更強的一方，能夠更好地開發和運用“以智制拙”機理，甚至據此設計戰爭、主導戰局發展，取得最終勝利。還要看到，智能化戰爭時代很可能存在由低到高的多個發展階段，盡可能讓自己處於高級階段，攻擊對手使其處於低維度的階段，也是以高打低“智勝”機理的運用。

從“消滅力量”到“摧毀認知”

隨著戰爭形態加速向智能化演進，作戰空間逐漸由物理域、信息域拓展至認知域，以有形戰場擴展到無形戰場，由人的精神和心理活動構成的認知空間已成為新的作戰空間。與傳統戰爭中以消滅敵人有生力量為主要目的不同，智能化戰爭將更加注重削弱敵方的士氣，瓦解敵方的意志，摧毀敵方的認知。

通過智能分析對手的性格偏好、心理特征、決策習慣，可有針對性地“量身定制”威懾信息，利用智能化等前沿技術優勢，以形象逼真的方式向對手展現強大實力，使焦慮、猜疑、恐慌等情緒在其內部不斷發酵，最終導致其不攻自破。被譽為“新石油”的大數據在豐富情報來源的同時，也成為作用於對手認知的重要“武器”。通過對大數據進行加工處理，並刻意“洩露”給對手，將給其制造新的“戰爭迷霧”，使其陷入認知迷茫的境地。在智能化戰爭中，圍繞攻心奪志所展開的斗爭博弈將更加激烈，而佔據認知優勢的一方將比對方先勝一籌，更加容易掌握主動、先機。

從“以人為主”到“人機協同”

在傳統戰爭中，軍事力量的組織與運用均以人為主。隨著智能技術的廣泛應用，無人裝備的比例不斷提高。在智能化戰爭中，作戰任務將由人機協同完成，兩者將實現有機融合、優勢互補。外軍提出的第三次“抵消戰略”將人機協作等作為重點發展的關鍵技術，其先後提出的“忠誠僚機”等概念也旨在探索實現有人/無人協同作戰。可以預見，人機協同將在未來戰爭中發揮重要作用。

利用無人偵察力量開展立體多維的戰場態勢感知，可為有人作戰力量實時提供情報支援；利用無人平台攜帶中繼載荷，可為有人作戰力量持續提供通信中繼支援；利用無人作戰力量深入前方戰場，可吸引敵方攻擊，迫敵暴露位置，為有人作戰力量提供目標引導和火力支援；利用無人運輸裝備為前線提供物資補給，可提高後勤保障效率，降低運輸成本，減少非必要的人員傷亡。在人工智能的輔助下，有人作戰力量與無人作戰力量將在數量規模、功能作用等方面實現科學分工與合理搭配，從而使整體效能實現最大化。

從“以大吃小”到“以快吃慢”

在傳統戰爭中，往往需要通過增加兵力數量來彌補在裝備性能等方面的短板。“兵之情主速”，軍事智能化的飛速發展大大提升了信息傳遞速度和武器打擊精度，大幅縮減了偵察預警、情報處理、指揮決策、火力打擊、毀傷評估的時間，加速OODA殺傷鏈循環，使“發現即摧毀”成為可能。

高超聲速導彈、激光武器、微波武器、電磁脈沖武器等新型快速殺傷武器進一步將戰爭節奏推向“秒殺”。在海灣戰爭中，OODA環的回路時間需要3天；在伊拉克戰爭中，回路時間已縮短至10分鐘以內；而在敘利亞戰爭中，回路已幾乎實現了近實時。在智能化戰爭中，利用察打一體無人平台對敵方的核心指揮所、高層指揮官等高價值目標進行快速定點清除，將使對方還來不及反應就遭受重創，甚至面臨癱瘓的險境。可見勝利並不一定眷顧軍力規模龐大的一方，行動迅速而精准的一方將更有可能贏得戰場先機。據統計，人工智能應對戰場變化所需的反應時間比人類快400倍以上。面對瞬息萬變的戰場態勢，人們將更傾向於借助人工智能技術實現指控系統的自適應規劃和自主決策，使指控模式由“人在環路上”轉變為“人在環路外”，從而在減輕指揮人員負擔的同時，提高作戰效率和執行任務的成功率。

從“集成制勝”到“集群制勝”

傳統的裝備發展理念是將大量資金投入到高度集成的高精尖武器平台研發中，以期在戰爭中憑借代際優勢和性能優勢實現對敵方的降維打擊。然而，開發部署多功能高端平台不僅需要耗費大量的時間和經費，當把多個軟硬件模塊集成到單一武器平台時，還可能出現相互之間不兼容的情況。一旦該平台被毀，將造成重大損失。人工智能等顛覆性技術的軍事應用促使無人集群得到快速發展。無人集群具有數量規模大、綜合成本低、去中心化等優勢，無人平台之間相互協調、分工合作，可自主決策並有組織地執行作戰任務，即使部分無人平台被毀，也不影響整體作戰效能。外軍提出的“決策中心戰”“馬賽克戰”等作戰概念，即著眼利用無人集群完成作戰任務。在智能化戰爭中，通過將偵察監視、信息通聯、指揮控制、火力打擊等功能分散到大量功能單一的無人作戰單元中，構建高魯棒性、高彈性的“殺傷網”，然後根據任務需要對組合方式進行調整，將使其湧現出強大的群體智能，給對手制造極大的不確定性，進而把對手困在OODA環的判斷環節，無法做出有效決策。此外，由於無人集群數量龐大，可使對手的探測、跟蹤、攔截能力迅速達到飽和，對手因無法摧毀集群中的所有無人平台，而不得不面臨防御工事失效的困境。

從“軍事主導”到“多元混合”

傳統戰爭主要依靠暴力手段使敵方屈服於己方意志，通常具有較強的戰爭烈度，平時與戰時界限分明。隨著軍事斗爭領域向太空、網絡、智能等新型領域不斷拓展，以及經濟、文化、外交、法律等手段在戰爭中的作用不斷凸顯，智能化戰爭將在“灰色地帶”為代表的多個領域以“多管齊下”的形式展開。戰爭烈度可能會有所減弱，平戰界限將更加模糊。無論是2019年沙特油田因遭到無人機襲擊而導致其一半石油停產，還是2021年美國最大輸油管道因遭遇網絡攻擊而導致大面積油料短缺，各類新型攻擊手段所帶來的深遠影響均不可小覷。

隨著智能化技術的發展成熟，綜合運用多種手段向對手的工業、交通、金融、通信、能源、醫療等設施和網絡發起的攻擊將更加普遍。智能化戰爭的門檻將呈現下降趨勢，參戰方可能采取不宣而戰的方式發起融合經濟戰、外交戰、網絡戰、輿論戰、心理戰、法律戰等多種樣式的混合戰爭，使對手疲於應付。

從“實戰驗兵”到“實驗演兵”

在傳統條件下，由於缺少科學的模擬仿真與評估工具，因此只有在實戰中才能檢驗出軍隊的真實能力。在智能化條件下，利用虛擬現實技術可基於實際的戰場環境和任務背景創建具有較強立體感和真實感的虛擬場景。該場景不僅可以從聲音、外觀、性能等多個維度對武器裝備等客觀事物進行還原，還能模擬大霧、大雨和暴風雪等各種惡劣天氣，以可視化的形式展現戰場的地形、氣象、水文、電磁、核化等信息，接近戰場的真實狀況。

根據現實中敵方的特征設定虛擬環境中的假想敵，並對戰局的可能走向進行智能模擬仿真，可使官兵在正式開戰前就已在虛擬現實中數次“親歷”戰爭，從而對裝備性能、戰爭節奏、敵我情況都了然於胸，在執行現實任務時將更加游刃有余。在伊拉克戰爭爆發前，美軍曾秘密開發了一款模擬巴格達作戰環境的電腦游戲，在被派遣到伊拉克執行任務的人員中，接受過游戲訓練的人員生存率高達90%。隨著現實中收集到的數據不斷豐富完善，虛擬戰場的搭建將更加逼真，對戰場態勢的走向預測將更加准確，關於演習的綜合評估將更加可信，敵對雙方都力圖通過智能推演即可預先獲知戰爭結果，將可能出現不戰或小戰就“屈人之兵”的情況。

來源：解放軍報作者：謝愷　張東潤　梁小平責任編輯：葉夢圓 2022-04-26 06:xx:xx

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/wzll/yw_21840868/4898098286.html

#Chinese #Quantum #technology, #cross-domain collaborative operations, #quantum computing warfare, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare

Chinese Military AI Empowerment: Accelerating the Iterative Upgrade of Cognitive Electronic Warfare

01/25/2026 admin Leave a comment

中國軍事人工智慧賦能：加速認知電子戰迭代升級

現代英語：

In the invisible dimension of war, a silent contest has been raging for a century. From the electromagnetic fog of the Battle of Tsushima to the spectral chaos of modern battlefields, from the rudimentary metal chaff used during World War II to the cognitive electronic warfare systems incorporating artificial intelligence, electronic warfare has undergone a magnificent transformation from a supporting role to a pillar of war. It is now deeply embedded in the “operating system” of modern warfare, rewriting its form and rules. It is invisible and intangible, yet it profoundly controls the lifeline of battlefield operations; it is silent, yet it is enough to determine the life and death of thousands of troops. The balance of future wars will increasingly depend on who can see more clearly, react faster, and control more firmly in this silent yet deadly spectrum.

In modern warfare, the field of electronic warfare is evolving rapidly. The electromagnetic spectrum is considered an important operational domain after land, sea, air, space, and cyberspace, becoming a focal point for both sides to gain comprehensive dominance in joint operations. As warfare accelerates its evolution towards intelligence, cognitive electronic warfare, which integrates artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, is increasingly demonstrating its autonomous countermeasure advantages, becoming a crucial tool for paralyzing entities in the electromagnetic space.

New Needs of Intelligent Warfare

In informationized and intelligent warfare, information equipment is widely distributed, and unmanned intelligent equipment is deployed, making the battlefield electromagnetic environment increasingly complex. Due to the adoption of cognitive and adaptive technologies, radar and communication equipment are becoming increasingly resistant to interference, rendering traditional electronic countermeasures inadequate. Therefore, it is necessary to leverage artificial intelligence and machine learning to endow electronic warfare systems with the ability to self-identify threats, extract threat source signals in real time, quickly organize and analyze them, determine the threat level and weaknesses of the signals, and promptly and effectively counteract them.

The need for precise perception. In modern warfare, to increase battlefield “transparency,” both sides extensively utilize electronic information equipment. Simultaneously, unmanned equipment and “swarm” systems are widely employed. On a battlefield filled with numerous information devices and massive amounts of electromagnetic signals, a single electronic warfare device may simultaneously receive radiation from dozens or even hundreds of other electronic devices, making signal identification extremely difficult. This necessitates that electronic warfare systems break through existing technological limitations, integrate big data analysis and deep learning technologies, enhance their perception capabilities, and comprehensively identify various electromagnetic radiation targets on the battlefield.

The need for intelligent countermeasures. Driven by emerging technologies, agile radar, frequency-hopping radios, and other equipment have been deployed extensively on the battlefield. These devices form a closed loop between transmission and reception, and can autonomously adjust their operating modes, transmission parameters, and waveform selection according to the environment, possessing autonomous interference avoidance capabilities. Traditional electronic warfare equipment, based on existing experience and pre-set interference rule libraries, has rigid functions and poor flexibility, making it unable to cope with emerging adaptive electronic targets. This necessitates that electronic warfare systems integrate intelligent algorithms to become “smarter,” possessing adaptive countermeasure capabilities of “using intelligence against intelligence.”

The need to disrupt networked systems. The winning mechanism of modern combat systems, when mapped onto the information domain, has spurred the networked operation of radar and communication systems. The aim is to eliminate the global loss of control caused by interference with a single device or part of the link through information fusion and redundant design, leveraging the resilience of the network system. Faced with networked information systems, electronic warfare systems need to embed intelligent countermeasure analysis and reasoning technologies, possessing the ability to effectively identify networked information systems in order to discover key nodes and critical parts, and implement targeted, integrated hardware and software attacks.

A New Transformation Driven by Digital Intelligence

Cognitive electronic warfare can be considered a combination of electronic warfare and artificial intelligence. It is a new generation of electronic warfare systems with autonomous perception, intelligent decision-making, and adaptive jamming capabilities, representing a major upgrade to traditional electronic warfare.

The shift from human to machine cognition. Advances in modern electronic technology have enabled electronic information equipment to offer diverse functions and multiple modes. Traditional electronic warfare systems rely on manually analyzed threat databases for countermeasures, which are only effective against known signal patterns and become significantly less effective against unknown threats. Cognitive electronic warfare systems, through autonomous interactive swarm learning and intelligent algorithms, can quickly intercept and identify signal patterns, analyze changing patterns, make autonomous decisions based on changes in the electromagnetic environment, optimize interference signal waveforms, and autonomously complete the operational cycle of “observation-judgment-decision-action.”

The focus is shifting from precision-driven to data-driven. Electronic warfare systems rely on the measurement and sensing of electronic signals as their fundamental premise. However, with the rise of new technologies, the sensitivity and resolution of these systems are approaching their limits, hindering their development and upgrades. Recognizing that electronic warfare systems can break through traditional models by utilizing big data analytics and mining large datasets can not only efficiently intercept and accurately identify unknown signals, but also predict the timing of frequency changes, mode adjustments, and power conversions. This allows for the correlation analysis of the electronic target’s operational patterns, enabling proactive adjustments to jamming strategies, rules, and parameters to conduct targeted electronic attacks.

The focus has shifted from jamming single targets to disrupting networked targets. Driven by network technology, new-generation radar and communication equipment are beginning to network, using system advantages to compensate for the shortcomings of single points. Traditional electronic warfare jamming relies on human experience and knowledge, lacking sufficient self-learning capabilities. It is mainly used to jam point and chain-like electronic targets, and cannot effectively jam networked targets. Cognitive electronic warfare systems utilize deep learning technology to perceive the network structure and operating modes of new networked systems such as radar and communication. Based on logical reasoning, it can identify nodes, hubs, and key links in the networked system, thereby implementing precise jamming and making it possible to disrupt the system.

New forms of structural reshaping

Cognitive electronic warfare systems, based on the traditional open-loop structure, introduce behavioral learning processes and reshape the modular architecture, enabling them to evaluate the effectiveness of interference and optimize interference strategies based on interference feedback, thus completing a closed loop of “reconnaissance-interference-evaluation” countermeasures.

Reconnaissance and Sensing Module. Reconnaissance and sensing is the primary link in electronic warfare and a crucial prerequisite for the successful implementation of cognitive electronic warfare. This module utilizes deep learning and feature learning techniques to continuously learn from the surrounding environment through constant interaction with the battlefield electromagnetic environment. It performs parameter measurement and sorting of signals, analyzes and extracts characteristic data of target threat signals with the support of prior knowledge, assesses behavioral intent, determines the threat level, and transmits the data to the decision-making and effectiveness evaluation module.

Decision-Making Module. The decision-making module is the core of the cognitive electronic warfare system, primarily responsible for generating interference strategies and optimizing interference waveforms. Based on the analysis and identification results of reconnaissance and perception, the feedback effect of interference assessment, and a dynamic knowledge base, this module uses machine learning algorithms to predict threat characteristics, generates countermeasures through reasoning from past experience, rapidly formulates attack strategies and optimizes interference waveforms, automatically allocates interference resources, and ultimately completes autonomous attacks on target signals.

Effectiveness assessment module. Effectiveness assessment is key to the closed-loop operation of cognitive electronic warfare systems, playing a crucial role in linking all modules. This module analyzes the target’s response to the jamming measures based on feedback information after the signals sensed by reconnaissance are jammed. It calculates and assesses the degree of jamming or damage to the target online, and then feeds the results back to the decision-making module to help adjust jamming strategies and optimize waveforms.

The dynamic knowledge base module primarily provides basic information and data support, including a threat target base, an interference rule base, and a prior knowledge base. This module provides prior information such as models, parameters, and data for reconnaissance and perception, decision-making, and performance evaluation. It utilizes feedback information for cognitive learning, accumulates learning results into experience, and updates the knowledge graph, knowledge rules, and reasoning models in the knowledge base, achieving real-time updates to the knowledge base.

New applications that enhance efficiency

With further breakthroughs in algorithm models and learning reasoning technologies, information-based and intelligent warfare will lead to more mature and sophisticated cognitive electronic warfare systems. Their role in empowering and enhancing efficiency will become more prominent, their application scenarios will become more diverse, and they will become an indispensable weapon on the battlefield.

Precision energy release for strike operations. Under informationized and intelligent conditions, the battlefield situation is presented in real time, command and decision-making are timely and efficient, and combat operations are controlled in real time, enabling precision operations to move from scenario conception to the real battlefield. At the same time, with the connection of cyber information facilities, the combat system has a higher degree of coupling and stronger resilience, becoming an important support for the implementation of joint operations. The cognitive electronic warfare system possesses high-precision perception capabilities and strong directional jamming capabilities. Through its distributed deployment across a wide battlefield, it can work in conjunction with troop assaults and fire strikes, under the unified command of joint operations commanders, to conduct precise attacks on key nodes and important links of the combat system. This includes precise targeting, precise frequency coverage, and precise and consistent modulation patterns, thereby blinding and degrading the effectiveness of enemy early warning detection and command and control systems, and facilitating the implementation of system disruption operations.

Networked Collaborative Swarm Warfare. In future warfare, unmanned swarms such as drones, unmanned vehicles, and unmanned boats will be the main force in combat, making the construction of a low-cost, highly redundant force system crucial for victory. Facing unmanned combat systems like “swarms,” ”wolf packs,” and “fish schools,” cognitive electronic warfare systems possess a natural advantage in evolving into unmanned electronic warfare swarms. Based on networked collaborative technologies, reconnaissance and jamming payloads are deployed on unmanned swarm platforms. Information and data exchange between platforms is achieved through information links. With the support of intelligent algorithms, cognitive electronic warfare systems can optimize the combination of jamming functions and dynamically allocate resources based on the battlefield electromagnetic situation. Based on autonomous collaborative guidance and centralized control, they can conduct swarm-to-swarm electronic attacks.

Electronic warfare and cyber warfare are two fundamentally different modes of combat. Electronic warfare focuses on low-level confrontation at the physical and signal layers, while cyber warfare focuses on high-level confrontation at the logical and information layers. However, with information networks covering the electromagnetic spectrum, the convergence of electronic and cyber warfare has become increasingly possible. Breakthroughs in wireless access and encryption technologies have enabled cognitive electronic warfare systems to infiltrate network infrastructure, achieving seamless integration of cyber and electronic space situational awareness and mission decision-making. By combining autonomous learning, pattern evaluation, and algorithmic prediction, a closed-loop system integrating cyber and electronic space perception, evaluation, decision-making, and feedback can be established, enabling integrated cyber and electronic warfare offense and defense.

現代國語：

在戰爭的無形維度中，一場無聲的較量已持續了一個世紀。從馬海戰的電磁迷霧到現代戰場的光譜混亂，從二戰時期簡陋的金屬箔條到融合人工智慧的認知電子戰系統，電子戰經歷了從輔助角色到戰爭支柱的華麗蛻變。如今，它已深深融入現代戰爭的“操作系統”，改寫了戰爭的形式和規則。它無形無質，卻深刻地掌控著戰場行動的生命線；它悄無聲息，卻足以決定成千上萬士兵的生死。未來戰爭的勝負將越來越取決於誰能更清晰地洞察、更快地反應、更牢固地掌控這片無聲卻致命的頻譜。

在現代戰爭中，電子戰領域正快速發展。電磁頻譜被視為繼陸地、海洋、空中、太空和網路空間之後的重要作戰領域，成為交戰雙方在聯合作戰中爭奪全面優勢的關鍵所在。隨著戰爭加速朝向智慧化演進，融合人工智慧和機器學習技術的認知電子戰正日益展現其自主對抗優勢，成為癱瘓電磁空間目標的關鍵工具。

智慧戰爭的新需求

在資訊化和智慧化戰爭中，資訊裝備廣泛分佈，無人智慧裝備也投入使用，使得戰場電磁環境日益複雜。由於認知和自適應技術的應用，雷達和通訊裝備的抗干擾能力不斷增強，傳統的電子對抗手段已難以應對。因此，必須利用人工智慧和機器學習技術，賦予電子戰系統自主識別威脅、即時提取威脅源訊號、快速整理分析、判斷威脅等級和訊號弱點並及時有效對抗的能力。

精準感知的需求。在現代戰爭中，為了提高戰場“透明度”，交戰雙方廣泛使用電子資訊裝備。同時，無人裝備和「集群」系統也被廣泛應用。在充斥著大量資訊設備和海量電磁訊號的戰場上，單一電子戰設備可能同時接收來自數十甚至數百個其他電子設備的輻射，使得訊號識別極為困難。這就要求電子戰系統突破現有技術限制，融合大數據分析與深度學習技術，增強感知能力，並全面辨識戰場上各種電磁輻射目標。

智能對抗的需求。在新興技術的推動下，敏捷雷達、跳頻無線電等設備已廣泛部署於戰場。這些設備在收發之間形成閉環，能夠根據環境自主調整工作模式、發射參數和波形選擇，並具備自主抗干擾能力。傳統的電子戰設備基於現有經驗和預設的干擾規則庫，功能僵化，靈活性差，難以應對新興的自適應電子目標。這就要求電子戰系統融合智慧演算法，變得更加“智慧”，具備“以智制智”的自適應對抗能力。

顛覆網路化系統的需求。現代作戰系統的致勝機制，一旦映射到資訊領域，便會推動雷達和通訊系統的網路化運作。其目標是透過資訊融合和冗餘設計，利用網路系統的韌性，消除因單一設備或連結某部分受到干擾而導致的全局失控。面對網路化資訊系統，電子戰系統需要嵌入智慧對抗分析和推理技術，具備有效識別網路化資訊系統的能力，從而發現關鍵節點和重要部件，並實施有針對性的軟硬體一體化攻擊。

數位智慧驅動的新轉型

認知電子戰可以被視為電子戰與人工智慧的結合。它是新一代電子戰系統，具備自主感知、智慧決策和自適應幹擾能力。智慧電子戰系統代表傳統電子戰的重大升級。

認知方式的轉變：從人腦認知轉向機器認知。現代電子技術的進步使得電子資訊設備能夠提供多樣化的功能和多種模式。傳統的電子戰系統依賴人工分析的威脅資料庫進行對抗，而這種方法僅對已知的訊號模式有效，而對未知威脅的對抗效果則顯著降低。認知電子戰系統透過自主互動群體學習和智慧演算法，能夠快速截獲和識別訊號模式，分析變化的模式，根據電磁環境的變化做出自主決策，優化干擾訊號波形，並自主完成「觀察-判斷-決策-行動」的作戰循環。

電子戰的重點正從精度驅動轉向數據驅動。電子戰系統以測量和感知電子訊號為基本前提。然而，隨著新技術的出現，這些系統的靈敏度和解析度正接近極限，阻礙了其發展和升級。認識到電子戰系統可以透過利用大數據分析和挖掘大型資料集來突破傳統模式，不僅可以高效截獲和準確識別未知訊號，還可以預測頻率變化、模式調整和功率轉換的時機。這使得對電子目標的運作模式進行關聯分析成為可能，從而能夠主動調整幹擾策略、規則和參數，並實施有針對性的電子攻擊。

幹擾的重點已從單一目標轉向幹擾網路化目標。在網路技術的驅動下，新一代雷達和通訊設備開始連網，利用系統優勢彌補單點目標的不足。傳統的電子戰幹擾依賴人的經驗和知識，缺乏足夠的自學習能力，主要用於幹擾點狀和鏈狀電子目標，無法有效幹擾網路化目標。認知電子戰系統利用深度學習技術感知雷達、通訊等新型網路化系統的網路結構與運作模式。基於邏輯推理，該系統能夠識別網路系統中的節點、樞紐和關鍵鏈路，從而實現精準幹擾，並有可能破壞系統。

新型結構重塑

認知電子戰系統在傳統開環結構的基礎上，引入行為學習過程並重塑模組化架構，使其能夠評估幹擾效果，並基於乾擾反饋優化干擾策略，從而形成「偵察-幹擾-評估」對抗的閉環。

偵察感知模組。偵察感知是電子戰的核心環節，也是成功實施認知電子戰的關鍵前提。本模組利用深度學習和特徵學習技術，透過與戰場電磁環境的持續交互，不斷學習周圍環境。它對訊號進行參數測量和分類，在先驗知識的支持下分析和提取目標威脅訊號的特徵數據，評估行為意圖，確定威脅等級，並將數據傳輸至決策和效果評估模組。

決策模組。決策模組是認知電子戰系統的核心，主要負責產生幹擾策略和最佳化干擾波形。此模組基於偵察感知的分析識別結果、幹擾評估的回饋效果以及動態知識庫，利用機器學習演算法預測威脅特徵，透過對過往經驗的推理生成對抗措施，快速制定攻擊策略並優化干擾波形，自動分配幹擾資源，最終完成對目標訊號的自主攻擊。

效果評估模組。效果評估是認知電子戰系統閉環運作的關鍵，在連接所有模組中發揮至關重要的作用。此模組在偵察感知到訊號被幹擾後，基於回饋資訊分析目標對幹擾措施的反應，在線上計算和評估目標受到的干擾或損害程度，並將結果回饋給決策模組，以幫助調整幹擾策略和優化波形。

動態知識庫模組主要提供…此模組提供基礎資訊和資料支持，包括威脅目標庫、幹擾規則庫和先驗知識庫。它提供先驗信息，例如用於偵察感知、決策和性能評估的模型、參數和數據。它利用回饋資訊進行認知學習，將學習結果累積為經驗，並更新知識庫中的知識圖譜、知識規則和推理模型，從而實現知識庫的即時更新。

提升效率的新應用

隨著演算法模型和學習推理技術的進一步突破，資訊化和智慧化戰爭將催生更成熟和精密的認知電子戰系統。它們在增強作戰效率方面的作用將更加突出，應用場景將更加多樣化，並將成為戰場上不可或缺的武器。

精確能量釋放用於打擊行動。在資訊化和智慧化條件下，戰場態勢即時呈現，指揮決策及時高效，作戰行動即時控制，使精確打擊行動能夠從場景構思到實際戰場。同時，隨著網路資訊設施的互聯互通，作戰系統具有更高的耦合度和更強的韌性，成為聯合作戰的重要支撐。認知電子戰系統具備高精度感知能力及強大的定向幹擾能力。透過其在廣大戰場上的分散部署，該系統可在聯合作戰指揮官的統一指揮下，與部隊突擊和火力打擊協同作戰，對作戰系統的關鍵節點和重要環節進行精確打擊。這種打擊包括精確目標定位、精確頻率覆蓋以及精確一致的調製模式，從而乾擾和削弱敵方預警和指揮控制系統的效能，並為系統破壞作戰的實施提供便利。

網路協同集群作戰。在未來的戰爭中，無人機、無人車輛、無人艇等無人集群將成為作戰的主力，因此建造低成本、高冗餘度的作戰系統對於取得勝利至關重要。面對「集群」、「狼群」和「魚群」等無人作戰系統，認知電子戰系統在演進為無人電子戰集群方面具有天然優勢。基於網路協同技術，偵察和乾擾載荷部署在無人集群平台上。平台間的資訊和資料交換透過資訊鏈路實現。在智慧演算法的支援下，認知電子戰系統能夠根據戰場電磁態勢優化干擾功能組合併動態分配資源。基於自主協同導引和集中控制，它們可以進行群集間的電子攻擊。

電子戰和網路戰是兩種截然不同的作戰模式。電子戰著重於實體層和訊號層的低層對抗，而網路戰則著重於邏輯層和資訊層的高層對抗。然而，隨著資訊網路覆蓋電磁頻譜，電子戰和網路戰的融合變得越來越可能。無線存取和加密技術的突破使得認知電子戰系統能夠滲透網路基礎設施，實現網路空間和電子空間態勢感知及任務決策的無縫融合。透過結合自主學習、模式評估和演算法預測，可以建立一個整合網路空間和電子空間感知、評估、決策和回饋的閉環系統，從而實現網路戰和電子戰的一體化攻防。

王志勇　楊連山　崔怡然

來源：中國軍網-解放軍報作者：王志勇　楊連山　崔怡然責任編輯：林詩清發布：2026-01-22

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/168483878784.html

Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Combat Planning

Military Research, Warfare Research, Combat Research | Practical Exploration of Strengthening New Combat Capabilities for China’s Military

01/25/2026 admin Leave a comment

軍事研究、戰爭研究、作戰研究 | 實際探索提升中國軍隊新型作戰能力

現代英語：

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee clearly proposed “accelerating the development of advanced combat capabilities.” New-type combat capabilities are representative of advanced combat capabilities, and strengthening the practical exploration of new-type combat capability development is an inevitable requirement for accelerating the development of advanced combat capabilities. As a key force for winning future battlefields, new-type combat capabilities are crucial to the course of war, the transformation of development, and the outcome of battles. Therefore, it is imperative to keep pace with changes in technology, warfare, and adversaries, fully unleash and develop new-type combat capabilities, and continuously enhance their contribution to war preparedness and combat.

Grasp the requirements of the times for strengthening the construction of new-type combat capabilities

The development of combat capabilities bears the profound imprint of the times. Strengthening the development of new-type combat capabilities must adapt to the era’s requirements as the form of warfare rapidly evolves towards intelligence, unmanned operation, and beyond-domain capabilities.

The “New” Elements of Power: Unmanned Intelligence. Recent local wars and military operations worldwide demonstrate a continuous increase in the informatization of warfare. Weapons and equipment are showing a clear trend towards long-range precision, intelligence, stealth, and unmanned operation, fundamentally changing the way humans interact with weaponry. The concepts, elements, and methods of winning wars are undergoing significant transformations. Currently, artificial intelligence and unmanned autonomous technologies are rapidly entering the battlefield. Intelligent military systems have significantly improved the unmanned autonomous combat capabilities of military equipment and platforms. The main participants in warfare are shifting from traditional humans to humanoid intelligent unmanned systems. Combat behavior and decision-making are accelerating their shift from “carbon-based” to “silicon-based,” from “cellular” to “intelligent agents,” and evolving from a “human in the loop” to a “human on the loop” and even “human outside the loop” model.

The “New” Nature of Battlefield Space: Multidimensional Integration. Disruptive technologies, exemplified by artificial intelligence, are rapidly expanding the scope and depth of influence of combat forces. The rapid application of technologies such as bio-interdisciplinary research, neuromorphic science, and human-machine interfaces is driving the deep penetration and integration of intelligent network systems with human social activities. New methods and situations, such as “deepfakes” and “information cocoons,” are emerging in large numbers, and hybrid games involving cognitive competition in the social domain are evolving into new arenas of struggle. The space of military struggle is expanding from traditional geographical space to the deep sea, outer space, electromagnetic, cyber, and cognitive domains, advancing the entire battlefield space to a highly three-dimensional, multi-dimensional, and highly integrated state. These battlefield space domains are interconnected, mutually supportive, and mutually restrictive, jointly propelling combat towards complex intelligence.

The “New” Aspect of Combat Formation: Dynamic Reconfiguration. Combat formation reflects the combination of personnel and weaponry, the relationships between combat units, and between different units, determining the role and effectiveness of new-type combat capabilities. Looking towards the real-time optimization of joint forces and firepower in future operations, new-type combat capabilities will rely on intelligent network information systems, shifting from static configuration to dynamic reconfiguration, from “building blocks” to “solving a Rubik’s Cube.” Each combat element will be functionally decoupled as needed, and then cross-domain integration will connect heterogeneous functional elements and unit modules to construct a resilient distributed “kill network,” enabling wide-area configuration, cross-domain networking, and multi-domain aggregation of combat units and basic modules. This dynamic formation requires the support of network information systems and the coordinated cooperation of new-type combat capabilities, connecting heterogeneous functional elements and unit modules throughout the entire combat system through cross-domain integration.

Focus on key aspects of strengthening new combat capabilities

The key difference between new-type combat capabilities and traditional combat capabilities lies in the new quality of combat capabilities. The construction of new-type combat capabilities should take the new quality as an important starting point, empower combat capability elements and transform combat capability generation models through technological innovation, thereby promoting the leap in combat capabilities.

Intelligent algorithms are key to victory. New combat capabilities, exemplified by intelligent weaponry, place greater emphasis on gaining strategic control in combat. The competition between opposing sides hinges on the level of intelligent cognition and the superiority of their algorithms. Intelligent algorithms can be seamlessly integrated into the decision-making and command chains at every stage of the kill chain—observation, location, tracking, judgment, decision-making, strike, and assessment—achieving “victory before battle.” Data mining algorithms, such as deep learning and self-learning, can rapidly integrate various types of battlefield data, deeply correlate and analyze valuable intelligence, and help combat personnel predict the battlefield situation more quickly and effectively. Intelligent game theory and decision-making algorithms, such as reinforcement learning, can autonomously engage in combat in virtual environments, rapidly and fully explore the war decision-making space, help commanders identify and anchor decision points, and more efficiently create and generate action plans, thus assisting in combat planning. For the command and control of numerous unmanned equipment and platforms, autonomous control algorithms, such as autonomous planning and collaborative algorithms, can dynamically combine combat resources according to mission objectives and capability requirements, forming human-machine hybrid formations to efficiently execute combat missions.

The system is highly interconnected. Combat power generation is a complete system formed by the development and internal movement of the various elements constituting combat power, as well as the interconnections and interactions between different elements and subsystems. The characteristics of system confrontation, hybrid game, and cross-domain competition are more prominent in informationized and intelligent combat operations. The dispersed battlefield sensors, combat forces, and weapon platforms become network information nodes based on various information links. Intelligence information, mission instructions, battle situation, and battle results information can all be interactively shared in the battlefield network that is connected across the entire domain. The entire combat operation, while pursuing individual platform indicators, places greater emphasis on the real-time linkage effect of the entire combat system. Through functional coupling and structural emergence, it achieves the goals of “energy aggregation” and “energy enhancement” to achieve the goal of defeating the enemy with overall strength.

Human-machine interaction is gradually advancing. Unmanned equipment, as a crucial element of new combat capabilities and an important supplement to traditional weaponry, is transforming from a battlefield support role to a primary combat role. Broadly speaking, unmanned equipment will expand the combat capabilities of weaponry and gain information and firepower mobility advantages. First, unmanned combat equipment can enrich and improve manned combat systems. Utilizing the advantages of unmanned equipment—less restricted battlefield environment, stronger penetration capabilities, and more diverse missions—it can enhance the scope, accuracy, and timeliness of reconnaissance and intelligence gathering and assessment, as well as increase the density, intensity, and sustainability of firepower strikes. Second, coordinated operations between manned and unmanned forces can achieve a “1+1>2” combat effectiveness. For example, drones can conduct forward reconnaissance and early warning, becoming an extension of manned aircraft perception, leveraging the mobility and firepower advantages of manned aircraft while utilizing the information advantages of drones. Third, unmanned swarm operations can achieve the goal of rapidly depleting enemy resources. Unmanned swarm forces, including drones, unmanned vehicles, unmanned boats, unmanned underwater vehicles, bionic robots, and smart munitions, will conduct autonomous and coordinated unmanned operations. Their nonlinear and emergent characteristics will highlight their advantages in scale, cost, autonomy, and decision-making. They will strike targets such as heavily fortified air defense missile sites deep within enemy territory, greatly depleting the enemy’s reconnaissance, interception, and firepower resources.

Building a scientific framework for enhancing new combat capabilities

Building new combat capabilities is a systemic and arduous battle that requires overcoming difficulties. We must break away from the path dependence of “technology-oriented” approaches and construct a scientific chain of “theoretical interpretation, system construction, training transformation, and resource adaptation.”

Emphasizing “theory first, system support,” these two aspects are crucial foundations for generating new-type combat capabilities. A hierarchical theoretical framework and resilient system architecture are essential to solidify the foundation for new-type combat capabilities to serve actual combat. From the perspective of hierarchical theoretical framework construction, basic theory must focus on the essential mechanisms of new-type combat elements, analyzing the operational characteristics, boundaries of action, and coupling logic of emerging domain elements with traditional elements, and exploring scientific paths for aligning basic theory with practice. Applied theory must closely adhere to actual combat scenarios, constructing application rules based on the typological classification of future combat missions, and expanding the paths for transforming applied theory into tactical practice. The innovative theoretical layer must anticipate the evolution of warfare, combining technological advancements to predict theoretical development directions, providing guidance for the evolution of new-type elements. From the perspective of resilient system architecture design, “system resilience” should be the goal to break down inter-domain barriers, establishing a potential database through the Internet of Things and big data technologies to achieve rapid reorganization and response of new-type resources and troop needs, ensuring that the system resonates with the demands of “war.”

Adhering to the principle of “you fight your way, I fight my way,” we must boldly innovate and explore new models for the construction and application of combat forces. The essence of this approach lies in building “asymmetric advantages.” From the perspective of cultivating asymmetric advantages, we must rely on “operational domain advantage maps” for assessment and construct differentiated force layouts. We must promote the transformation of advantageous elements into core capabilities, build a “strengths against weaknesses” pattern, and ensure the long-term sustainability of these advantages through the establishment of a dynamic monitoring mechanism. From the perspective of innovatively reconstructing operational paths, we must break through the boundaries of traditional operational domains, open up new dimensions of confrontation in unmanned domains, and design modular solutions based on mission requirements, flexibly combining new qualitative elements with traditional forces to avoid path dependence.

Strengthening “realistic training and adversarial drills” is crucial. Realistic training and adversarial drills serve as the intermediaries for transforming new combat capabilities from theory to actual combat. To establish a closed-loop mechanism of “integrated training and combat,” it is necessary to enhance the combat adaptability of new combat capabilities through high-fidelity construction of training scenarios, high-intensity design of adversarial drills, and quantitative modeling of effectiveness evaluation. Regarding the high-fidelity construction of realistic training scenarios, it is essential to actively organize drone units to conduct training in reconnaissance and rescue, airlift, and other subjects. The concept of “environmental complexity gradient” should be introduced to force officers and soldiers to utilize new equipment under extreme conditions. A quantitative evaluation system should be established to assess training effectiveness. Regarding the high-intensity design of adversarial drills, it is necessary to set up adversarial scenarios closely resembling those of a strong enemy, set adversarial intensity thresholds, and establish a closed-loop improvement mechanism to promote iterative upgrades of combat capabilities.

The principle is “not seeking ownership, but utilizing.” This is a crucial path for generating new combat capabilities. Its core lies in the innovative generation model of the “resource pooling” theory. This requires breaking the binding relationship between “resource possession” and “capability generation” through cross-domain resource integration and dynamic resource allocation. From the perspective of cross-domain resource integration, “resource pooling” is the core, integrating local technology, talent, and equipment resources to build a military-civilian integrated resource support network. From the perspective of dynamic resource allocation, a classified and graded management system is constructed, categorizing new resources according to their operational value into core, support, and auxiliary categories, clarifying the deployment process for new equipment, and ensuring that resource benefits are transformed into actual combat capabilities.

現代國語：

加強新質戰斗力建設實踐探索

■王璐穎李滔

引言

黨的二十屆四中全會鮮明提出“加快先進戰斗力建設”。新質戰斗力是先進戰斗力的代表，加強新質戰斗力建設實踐探索是加快先進戰斗力建設的必然要求。新質戰斗力作為制勝未來戰場的關鍵力量，關乎戰爭走向、關乎建設轉型、關乎作戰勝負，必須緊跟科技之變、戰爭之變、對手之變，充分解放和發展新質戰斗力，不斷提升新質戰斗力對備戰打仗的貢獻率。

把握加強新質戰斗力建設時代要求

戰斗力建設有著深刻的時代烙印，加強新質戰斗力建設要順應戰爭形態加速向智能化、無人化、超域化演進的時代要求。

力量要素之“新”：無人智能。從世界近幾場局部戰爭和軍事行動看，戰爭信息化程度不斷提高，武器裝備遠程精確化、智能化、隱身化、無人化趨勢明顯，正在改變人與武器裝備的結合方式，戰爭制勝觀念、制勝要素、制勝方式發生重大變化。當前，人工智能技術和無人自主技術快速走向戰場，智能化軍事系統顯著提高了軍事裝備和平台的無人自主作戰能力，戰爭主要參與者從傳統的人向類人智能無人系統的跨越，作戰行為與決策加速從“碳基”向“硅基”轉移，從“細胞體”向“智能體”讓渡，從“人在環中”向“人在環上”乃至“人在環外”的模式演進。

戰場空間之“新”：多維融合。以人工智能為代表的顛覆性技術，正加速擴展作戰力量的作用領域、影響深度。生物交叉、類腦科學和人機接口等技術的快速應用，促使智能化網絡體系與人類社會活動深度滲透、高度融合。“深度偽造”“信息繭房”等新手段、新情況大量產生，社會域的認知爭奪等混合博弈，正演變為新的角力場。軍事斗爭空間從傳統地理空間，不斷向深海、外太空、電磁、網絡、認知等領域拓展，整個戰場空間進階到高立體、全維度、大融合。這些戰場空間領域之間既相互聯系、相互支撐，又相互制約，共同推動作戰向復雜智能的方向發展。

作戰編組之“新”：動態重構。作戰編組是人與武器裝備結合、作戰單元之間、部隊與部隊之間關系的體現，決定著新質戰斗力的作用發揮和效能釋放。著眼未來聯合作戰兵力火力的即時聚優，新質戰斗力將依托智能化網絡信息體系的支撐，由靜態搭配向動態重構轉變，由“拼積木”向“擰魔方”轉變，各作戰要素根據需要進行功能解耦，再通過跨域融合將異構的功能要素和單元模塊聯結在一起，構建具有良好韌性的分布式“殺傷網”，以實現作戰單元和基本模塊的廣域配置、跨域組網和多域聚合。這種動態編組更需要網絡信息體系的支撐和新質戰斗力的協同配合，通過跨域融合將整個作戰體系中異構的功能要素和單元模塊聯結在一起。

扭住加強新質戰斗力建設重要抓手

新質戰斗力區別於傳統戰斗力的關鍵在於戰斗力呈現的新質態，新質戰斗力建設要以新質態為重要抓手，通過科技創新賦能戰斗力要素、變革戰斗力生成模式，從而推動戰斗力躍遷。

智能算法制勝。以智能化武器裝備為代表的新質戰斗力更加重視追求作戰制智權，敵我雙方比拼的是智能認知水平的高下、算法的優劣。在觀察、定位、跟蹤、判斷、決策、打擊和評估等殺傷鏈的各個環節，智能算法都可以及時融入決策鏈、指揮鏈，實現“未戰而先勝”。以深度學習、自學習為代表的數據挖掘算法，能夠對戰場收集的各類數據快速整合，深度關聯分析有價值的情報信息，幫助作戰人員更快更好預測戰場態勢。以強化學習為代表的智能博弈和決策算法，能夠在虛擬環境中自主博弈對抗，快速充分探索戰爭決策空間，幫助指揮員發現和錨定決策點，更加高效地創造生成行動方案，輔助作戰籌劃。針對大量無人裝備和平台的指揮控制，自主規劃與協同算法等自主控制算法，能夠根據任務目標和能力需求對作戰資源進行動態組合，形成人機混合編組，高效執行作戰任務。

體系高度關聯。戰斗力生成，是由構成戰斗力的各要素自身發展、內在運動，以及不同要素和分系統之間相互聯系、相互作用而形成的完整體系。信息化智能化作戰行動的體系對抗、混合博弈、超域競爭等特征更加突出，分散配置的戰場傳感器、作戰力量和武器平台基於各種信息鏈路成為網絡信息節點，情報信息、任務指令、戰況態勢和戰果信息均可在全域聯通的戰場網絡中交互共享，整個作戰行動在追求單個平台單項指標的基礎上，更強調整個作戰體系的實時聯動效應，通過功能耦合和結構湧現，達到“聚能”和“增能”的目的，以整體力量達到克敵制勝的目的。

人機互動漸進。無人裝備作為新質戰斗力的重要抓手和傳統武器裝備的重要補充，正從過去戰場配屬角色向主戰角色轉變。從廣義角度看，無人裝備將以拓展武器裝備作戰能力獲得信息、火力機動優勢。首先，無人作戰裝備可充實完善有人作戰體系。利用無人裝備戰場環境限制小、突防能力強、執行任務多的優勢，提升己方偵察情報和評估工作范圍、精度和時效性，提升火力打擊密度、強度和持續性。其次，有人與無人力量協同作戰能夠發揮“1+1＞2”的作戰效能。例如，無人機可前出偵察預警，成為有人機感知的延伸，發揮有人機機動和火力優勢，發揮無人機信息優勢。再次，無人集群作戰能夠實現快速消耗敵方資源目的。無人機、無人車、無人艇、無人潛航器、仿生機器人、智能彈藥等無人集群力量實施無人自主協同作戰，將發揮其非線性、湧現性等特征所凸顯的規模優勢、成本優勢、自主優勢、決策優勢，打擊敵方縱深地域嚴密設防的防空導彈陣地等目標，極大消耗敵方偵察攔截和火力抗擊資源。

構建加強新質戰斗力建設科學鏈路

新質戰斗力建設是一場向難攻堅的系統性硬仗，要破除“技術導向”的路徑依賴，構建“理論闡釋—體系建構—訓練轉化—資源適配”的科學鏈路。

突出“理論先行，體系支撐”。理論先行與體系支撐是新質戰斗力生成的兩個重要基礎。要以理論體系層級化建構與體系架構韌性化設計，夯實新質戰斗力服務實戰基礎。從理論體系層級化建構看，基礎理論必須聚焦新質作戰要素的本質機理，剖析新興領域要素的作戰特性、作用邊界及與傳統要素的耦合邏輯，探索基礎理論對接實踐的科學路徑。應用理論必須緊扣實戰場景，基於未來作戰任務的類型化劃分構建運用規則，拓展應用理論轉化為戰術實踐的路徑。創新理論層須前瞻戰爭形態演進，結合技術預見理論發展方向，為新質要素演化提供指引。從體系架構的韌性化設計看，要以“體系韌性”為目標打破域際壁壘，通過物聯網、大數據技術建立潛力數據庫，實現新質資源與部隊需求的快速重組響應，確保體系與“戰”的需求同頻共振。

堅持“你打你的，我打我的”。大膽創新探索新型作戰力量建設和運用模式，“你打你的，我打我的”，本質在於建構“非對稱優勢”。從非對稱優勢的培育看，要依托“作戰域優勢圖譜”開展評估，構築差異化力量布局。要推動優勢要素向核心能力轉化，構建“以長擊短”格局，通過建立動態監測機制，確保優勢長存。從作戰路徑創新性重構看，須突破傳統作戰域邊界，在無人域開辟對抗新維度，還要基於任務需求設計模塊化方案，靈活組合新質要素與傳統力量，避免路徑依賴。

加強“實案化訓練，對抗性演練”。實案化訓練和對抗性演練是新質戰斗力從理論向實戰的轉化中介。要構成“戰訓一體化”的閉環機制，須通過訓練場景的高保真建構、對抗演練的高強度設計與效能評估的量化模型化，提升新質戰斗力的實戰適配性。從實案化訓練的高保真建構看，要積極組織無人機分隊開展偵察救援、空中投送等課目訓練，要引入“環境復雜度梯度”理念，倒逼官兵在極限條件下運用新質裝備。要建立量化評估體系，評估訓練成效；從對抗性演練的高強度設計看，要設置貼近強敵的對抗場景，設定對抗強度閾值，建立閉環改進機制，推動戰斗力迭代升級。

做到“不求所有，但為所用”。“不求所有，但為所用”是新質戰斗力生成的重要路徑，其內核在於“資源池化”理論的生成模式創新，須通過資源整合的跨域化建構與資源運用的動態化調度，打破“資源佔有”與“能力生成”的綁定關系。從資源整合的跨域化建構看，以“資源池化”為核心，整合地方技術、人才、裝備資源，構建軍地一體的資源支撐網絡。從資源運用的動態化調度看，構建分類分級管理體系，將新質資源按作戰價值分為核心、支撐、輔助類，明確新質裝備的調用流程，確保資源效益轉化為實戰能力。

來源：中國軍網-解放軍報作者：王璐穎李滔責任編輯：孫悅

2025-12-04 0xx:xx

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_2085843/16842852875.html

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Reshaping the PLA’s force Structure to Ensure Winning Future Battlefields

01/25/2026 admin Leave a comment

重塑解放軍部隊結構，確保贏得未來戰場

現代英語：

The reason why outstanding professional athletes can maximize their physical capabilities compared to ordinary people lies in the fact that long-term scientific training strengthens their bones, removes excess fat and bulges their muscles, and achieves a perfect proportion and coordination of the body’s functional elements. Similarly, those armies that can dominate the battlefield and fully exert their combat effectiveness are all powerful forces that have achieved an optimized combination of military force systems in their respective eras.

“Military tactics are ever-changing, just as water has no fixed shape.” Since its inception, the People’s Liberation Army has continuously innovated its force structure in response to changes in the situation and tasks and the needs of actual military struggles. In particular, the several major streamlining and reorganizations since the reform and opening up have promoted the continuous optimization of the PLA’s size, structure, and force composition, effectively liberating and developing its combat capabilities.

“Standard systems cannot meet the demands of change, and one approach cannot address all situations.” Faced with the rapidly evolving nature of warfare in the world today and the new requirements for the expansion of the PLA’s missions and tasks, the shortcomings and weaknesses in the PLA’s force structure have once again become prominent. Problems such as excessive size and scale, imbalance in major proportions, insufficient proportion of new combat capabilities, and low degree of modularization and integration of troops have become bottlenecks affecting and restricting the improvement of the PLA’s combat capabilities and its ability to win future battlefields.

In matters of the world, “what must be seized is the momentum, and what must not be missed is the opportunity.” Only by assessing the situation and seizing the moment can one “easily gain advantage.” The world today faces unprecedented changes. The rapid development of global technological and military revolutions has historically converged with the deepening of my country’s efforts to strengthen its military. Changes in warfare, technology, and the overall landscape of struggle are profoundly impacting national security and military strategy. The historical responsibility of reshaping and rebuilding the PLA’s force structure, and constructing a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics capable of winning informationized wars and effectively fulfilling its missions, has been placed before the People’s Liberation Army.

The system determines the structure and function. The composition of the military’s force system determines the size of the military’s energy and the form, scale, and effect of releasing that energy in the appropriate time and space. The Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission, and President Xi Jinping, after careful consideration and decisive decision-making, comprehensively launched reforms to the size, structure, and force composition of the military, undertaking a holistic and revolutionary reshaping of the PLA’s force system. This strategic deployment is a crucial step in rationally allocating and optimizing the PLA’s force system, gaining the initiative in future fierce military competition by “strengthening its muscles and bones.”

“One part planning, nine parts implementation”—the restructuring of the PLA’s force system has been rapidly and steadily unfolding. The total number of officers has decreased, with a batch of civilian personnel or soldiers in brand-new uniforms filling the original officer positions, thus optimizing the officer-to-soldier ratio. The number of active-duty personnel in regimental-level and above organs has been significantly reduced, resulting in a marked optimization of the ratio between organs and troops, and between combat and non-combat units. Despite the reduction in the overall size of the military, the number of personnel in combat units has increased rather than decreased, making the “muscle” stronger. The size of the army has been reduced, with traditional branches and outdated equipment units being repurposed for new combat forces, optimizing the structure of the services and increasing the proportion of new combat capabilities, making the “skeleton” stronger. With a more streamlined size, more scientific organization, and more optimized layout, the PLA is continuously transforming from a quantity-oriented to a quality- and efficiency-oriented force, and from a labor-intensive to a technology-intensive force. The organization of troops is developing towards being more robust, integrated, multi-functional, and flexible, and a joint combat force system with elite combat forces as its main body has been basically formed.

The reshaping of the force structure has unlocked the full potential for combat effectiveness, enabling the PLA to take solid steps toward achieving the Party’s goal of building a strong military under the new circumstances. This provides a stronger guarantee for effectively safeguarding my country’s sovereignty, security, and development interests, and for making greater contributions to maintaining world peace and stability.

With sails hoisted high, the People’s Liberation Army embarks on a journey across vast oceans. Reborn and transformed, the People’s Liberation Army will surely achieve new leaps forward on the path to building a strong military with Chinese characteristics and stride towards an even more glorious future!

現代國語：

優秀專業運動員與一般人相比，之所以能把人體機能發揮到極限，關鍵在於長期的科學訓練強壯了骨骼，去除了多餘的贅肉與脂肪，實現了人體機能要素群的完美比例與配合。同樣道理，那些能夠笑傲疆場充分發揮出戰鬥力能效的軍隊，無不是在其所處時代實現了軍事力量體系優化組合的雄師勁旅。

「兵無常勢，水無常形。」人民軍隊自誕生以來，力量體系構成一直隨著形勢任務的變化和現實軍事鬥爭的需要而不斷自我革新。特別是改革開放以來幾次大的精簡整編，推動了我軍規模結構和力量編成的不斷優化，有效解放和發展了戰鬥力。

「常制不可以待變化，一塗不可以應萬方。」面對當今世界戰爭形態加速演變新趨勢、我軍使命任務拓展新要求，我軍力量體系構成方面的不足和短板再次凸顯，規模體量偏大、重大比例關係失衡、新質戰鬥力比重偏小、部隊模組化合成化程度低等問題，成為影響力、制約軍場戰鬥力提升、制約軍場等問題，成為影響力、制約軍場的戰鬥力提升、制約軍場等問題，成為影響力、制約軍場戰鬥力提升、制約軍場等問題，成為影響力、制約軍場等問題，成為影響力、制約軍場等問題，成為影響力、制約軍場戰鬥力提升、制約軍戰的未來。

天下事，“所當乘者勢也，不可失者時也”，審時度勢，乘勢而上，才能“取之易也”。當今世界面臨前所未有之大變局，世界科技革命、軍事革命迅速發展與我國強軍興軍事業的深入推進歷史性地交匯在一起，戰爭之變、科技之變、鬥爭格局之變深刻影響國家安全和軍事戰略全局。實現我軍力量體系的重塑再造，建構能夠打贏資訊化戰爭、有效履行使命任務的中國特色現代軍事力量體系，這一重任歷史性地擺在人民軍隊面前。

體系決定結構和功能，軍隊的力量體系構成，決定了軍隊能量的大小及其在適當的時間和空間內釋放能量的形態、規模與效果。黨中央、中央軍委會和習主席審時度勢、果斷決策，全面啟動軍隊規模結構與力量編成改革，對我軍力量體系進行整體性、革命性重塑。這項戰略部署是對我軍力量體系進行合理編配與優化組合，透過「強肌、壯骨骼」贏得未來激烈軍事競爭主動權的關鍵一環。

“一分部署，九分落實”，我軍力量體系重塑快速而穩健地鋪開。軍官總數減少，一群身穿嶄新制服的文職人員或士兵補充到原軍官崗位上，官兵比例得到優化。團級以上機關現役員額明顯壓縮，機關與部隊比例、作戰部隊與非戰鬥單位比例已明顯優化。在軍隊總規模壓下來以後，作戰部隊人員不減反增，「肌肉」更豐滿了。壓縮陸軍規模，傳統兵種及老舊裝備部隊為新型作戰力量“騰籠換鳥”，軍兵種結構得到優化，新質戰鬥力的比重增加，“骨骼”更加強壯了。規模更精幹、編成更科學、佈局更優化，不斷推動我軍由數量規模型向質量效能型、由人力密集型向科技密集型的轉變，部隊編成向充實、合成、多能、靈活方向發展，以精銳作戰力量為主體的聯合作戰力量體系基本形成。

力量體系的重塑打通了激活戰鬥力的“任督二脈”，我軍向著實現黨在新形勢下的強軍目標邁出了堅實步伐，為有效捍衛我國主權安全發展利益、為維護世界和平穩定作出更大貢獻提供了更加堅強有力的保證。

雲帆已高掛，征程濟滄海。換羽重生的人民軍隊一定能夠在中國特色強軍之路上實現新的跨越、邁向更光輝的未來！

中國軍網國防部網
2018年12月18日星期二

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2018-12/18/content_282834834.htm

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Advance Modernization of China’s National Defense and Military Emphasizing High Quality

01/18/2026 admin Leave a comment

推進中國國防和軍隊現代化，強調高品質

現代英語：

Advancing the modernization of national defense and the armed forces is a matter of paramount importance, highly valued and personally overseen by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. The recently published Volume V of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* is entirely themed around “Chinese-style modernization,” containing rich and profound content. Among its key components is comprehensively improving the modernization level of national defense and the armed forces, which is also the essence of the three documents collected in the 12th thematic section. These important documents and related important discussions further enrich and develop Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, representing the latest achievements in the Party’s military guiding theory. The People’s Liberation Army must, with responsibility and faith, conscientiously organize the study and effective use of this most authoritative and vivid teaching material, integrating Volumes I through V of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* as a whole, combining it with the study and implementation of the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, comprehensively and accurately learning and understanding it, and resolutely implementing it, thereby enhancing the sense of mission and urgency in promoting high-quality modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and striving to provide strong strategic support for building a strong nation and achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

A deep understanding of the importance of national defense and military modernization as a crucial component of Chinese-style modernization.

Advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in all aspects through Chinese-style modernization inherently includes national defense and military building. With a view to realizing the Chinese Dream and the dream of a strong military, accelerating the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and building a solid national defense and a powerful military, reflects the Party’s high degree of historical awareness and far-sighted planning in the new era, and is a significant political imperative running through Volume V of “Xi Jinping: The Governance of China.”

Throughout the long history of human civilization, the rise and fall of great powers has been a recurring drama. A strong nation must have a strong military; only a strong military can ensure national security—this is an ironclad rule for the rise of world powers. The Chinese nation has been a dominant force in the East since ancient times, boasting over 5,000 years of civilization. However, in modern times, due to political corruption, isolationism, and backwardness in industrial technology and military strength, ancient China was forced to open its doors by the powerful ships and cannons of Western powers. This once mighty nation gradually descended into a semi-colonial, semi-feudal society, and the Chinese nation suffered unprecedented calamities. From the Opium War to the First Sino-Japanese War, and then to the invasion of China by the Eight-Nation Alliance and Japan’s full-scale invasion, enemies invaded China hundreds of times, large and small, from land or sea. Sometimes they would send only a few thousand men, a few warships, or set up a few cannons on the coast, and wreak havoc across China, forcing the rulers to sign unequal treaties and repeatedly interrupting the modernization process of the Chinese nation. In response, President Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: “Once military backwardness takes hold, its impact on national security will be fatal. I often read historical materials about modern China, and every time I see the tragic scenes of being backward and vulnerable to attack, my heart aches!” The founding of New China completely ended the tragic fate of the Chinese people under the old regime. It is precisely because our Party and state attach great importance to national defense and military building, and dare to unsheathe our swords at critical moments, that we have withstood various external pressures and resolutely safeguarded the country’s independence, autonomy, security, and dignity. History has repeatedly proven that if the military is weak, national security cannot be guaranteed; without a strong army, there can be no strong motherland.

Modernization has been the long-cherished aspiration of the Chinese people since modern times. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people have sought national prosperity, national rejuvenation, and the happiness of the people, finding the broad road to Chinese-style modernization. Entering the new era, our Party, focusing on resolving the prominent contradictions and problems in modernization, has emancipated its mind, boldly innovated, promoted a series of transformative practices, achieved a series of breakthroughs, and obtained a series of landmark results, successfully advancing and expanding Chinese-style modernization. Today, China is undergoing rapid changes, and we are closer than ever before in history to realizing the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Considering and handling military issues from the overall perspective of the Party’s cause, and coordinating national defense and military modernization within the overall process of national modernization, is a fundamental experience of our Party in governing the country. Currently, although China has become the world’s second-largest economy, the elements of a strong nation are still incomplete, and we are in a critical stage of development where we are large but not strong, and will become strong but not yet truly powerful. “The way to benefit is to move with the times.” President Xi Jinping clearly pointed out that national defense strength must match economic strength; national defense strength must keep pace with the development of the economy and society. In response to the call of a strong nation for a strong military, there is an objective requirement to modernize national defense and the armed forces in the shortest possible time, so that military capabilities are commensurate with the strategic needs of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

In today’s world, a new round of technological and military revolutions is developing rapidly, especially the driving role of technological revolution in military revolution, which is increasingly prominent and is subverting people’s understanding of war. Looking at recent local wars and military operations around the world, the characteristics of informatization and intelligence are becoming increasingly apparent, and the concepts, elements, and methods of winning war are undergoing significant changes. Major military powers are accelerating the construction of intelligent military systems, and the competition for strategic high ground in military competition is fierce. The Party Central Committee has scientifically judged and analyzed that the world has entered a new period of turbulence and change, and external suppression and containment could escalate at any time. China’s development has entered a period of strategic opportunities and risks and challenges, with increasing uncertainties and unpredictable factors. Various “black swan” and “gray rhino” events may occur at any time, clearly requiring us to face difficulties head-on and rely on tenacious struggle to open up new horizons for our cause. Faced with the ever-changing international situation and the real danger of war, the modernization level of our military still lags behind that of powerful adversaries. Accelerating the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and comprehensively improving the PLA’s ability to fight high-end wars, will provide strong strategic support for overcoming various risks and challenges on the road ahead, and enable us to shoulder more responsibilities and obligations in maintaining world peace and development and promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

Accurately grasp the strategic deployment of national defense and military modernization

China’s modernization has laid out a grand blueprint for building a modern socialist country. Volume V of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*, including documents such as the report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, further clarifies how to accelerate the modernization of national defense and the armed forces. Only by fully and accurately understanding and thoroughly implementing these arrangements can we ensure the quality and effectiveness of national defense and military modernization.

The goal of achieving the centenary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) will be realized on schedule. In the new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects and realizing the second centenary goal, our Party has put forward a new three-step strategy for the modernization of national defense and the armed forces: achieving the centenary goal of the PLA by 2027, basically realizing the modernization of national defense and the armed forces by 2035, and fully building a world-class military by the middle of this century. This strategy lays out a development blueprint for the construction of a strong military in the new era, with near-, medium-, and long-term goals linked in a tiered manner. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China specifically made arrangements for “achieving the centenary goal of the PLA and creating a new situation in the modernization of national defense and the armed forces,” further highlighting the importance of taking the first step of the new three-step strategy. We must stand at the height of China’s modernization and deeply understand that achieving the centenary goal of the People’s Liberation Army embodies the requirements of our country’s development strategy, security strategy, and military strategy. The basic path is to promote the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligence; the fundamental goal is to comprehensively enhance the strategic capability of the People’s Liberation Army to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests; we must deeply understand that achieving the centenary goal of the People’s Liberation Army is a profound transformation, requiring a change in development concepts, innovation in development models, and enhancement of development momentum to actively promote high-quality development; we must deeply understand that winning the battle to achieve the centenary goal of the People’s Liberation Army is the responsibility of the entire army, the entire Party, and the entire nation, concerning the overall situation, demanding success, and allowing no room for failure; we must deeply understand that we have reached the most critical stage in achieving the established goals, and we must enhance our sense of urgency, work diligently and practically, firmly believe in victory, overcome all difficulties to strive for victory, and deliver a satisfactory answer with concrete actions.

Accelerate the modernization of military theory, military organization, military personnel, and weaponry. 2035 is a crucial juncture in building a modern socialist country, by which time national defense and the armed forces must be basically modernized. While completing the first phase of goals and tasks, we must systematically plan and steadily advance the second phase of national defense and military modernization. Basic modernization of military theory means conducting in-depth research on war and military issues, innovating strategic guidance in line with the times, developing advanced operational theories, and forming a military theoretical system that is contemporary, leading, and unique. Basic modernization of military organization means continuously deepening national defense and military reform, promoting a revolution in military management, optimizing the structure and layout of military forces, strengthening strategic forces and new-domain, new-type combat forces, and building a high-level strategic deterrence and joint operations system. Basic modernization of military personnel means implementing a talent-driven military strategy, comprehensively cultivating and utilizing talent, promoting a comprehensive transformation and upgrading of military personnel capabilities, structure, development, and management, and forging a high-quality, professional, and new-type military talent pool with both integrity and ability. To basically achieve the modernization of weaponry and equipment means focusing on independent and original innovation in defense science and technology, accelerating the development of strategic, cutting-edge, and disruptive technologies, accelerating the upgrading and replacement of weaponry and equipment and the development of intelligent weaponry and equipment, and building a weaponry and equipment system that adapts to modern warfare and fulfills mission requirements. These four aspects are the main indicators of basically achieving the modernization of national defense and the armed forces.

Accelerating the transformation of the People’s Liberation Army into a world-class military. In accordance with the “timetable” for comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization, the comprehensive modernization of national defense and the armed forces by the middle of this century aims to build the People’s Liberation Army into a world-class military commensurate with China’s status as a major power, capable of effectively safeguarding national security, and possessing strong international influence. This strategic arrangement embodies the expectations and trust placed in the military by the Party and the people, demonstrates the Party’s determination and spirit in building a powerful military, and reveals the inherent regulatory nature of the Party’s mission and tasks on the military’s development goals. It is rich in content and profound in significance. Being commensurate with China’s status as a major power clarifies the relationship between a strong nation and a strong military. Only by possessing a world-class military can a nation truly be considered a world power, meaning that when China becomes a world power, its military will undoubtedly become a solid foundation for consolidating that status. Being able to effectively safeguard national security requires a significant improvement in the PLA’s joint operational capabilities and all-domain operational capabilities based on network information systems. It also requires the comprehensive use of diverse military means to deter and win wars, effectively safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests. Possessing strong international influence emphasizes that our military is on par with the world’s powerful militaries, capable of seizing the initiative in international and military competition, leading the trend of world military development, and always being a powerful and just force for maintaining world peace and development.

Strive to create a new situation in the modernization of national defense and the armed forces

Our Party’s plans and arrangements for the modernization of national defense and the armed forces outline a blueprint for building a strong military over the next 20 to 30 years. This is a grand and far-reaching strategic design in the history of our army, establishing an action program for the People’s Army to face the future and forge a new path of strength. To thoroughly study and implement Volume V of “Xi Jinping: The Governance of China,” we must implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and its subsequent plenary sessions, consistently placing high-quality advancement of national defense and military modernization in a more prominent position. Following the established goals and tasks, we must strive to build a strong military with a spirit of seizing every minute and second, accelerating progress and opening up new prospects.

We must continuously enhance the political advantages of our military. Accelerating the modernization of national defense and the armed forces begins with upholding the Party’s absolute leadership over the People’s Army. Currently, the world situation, the national situation, the Party’s situation, and the military situation are all undergoing complex and profound changes. Our Party faces the long-term existence of the “four major tests” and “four dangers,” and our military faces intricate and complex political challenges. We must maintain a clear-headed and resolute approach to solving the unique problems of a large party, and relentlessly advance political building of the military to provide a strong political guarantee for the cause of building a strong military. On the new journey, the Party building within the military can only be strengthened, not weakened. We must deeply advance the new great project of Party building in the new era, truly transforming the Party’s political and organizational advantages into decisive advantages. We must further improve the system and mechanisms for implementing the Chairman of the Central Military Commission’s responsibility system, focusing on ensuring the Party’s command of the gun is implemented meticulously through a series of institutional designs. We must further deepen the arming of our military with the Party’s innovative theories, thoroughly study and understand Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, transform scientific truth into mass practice, and transform spiritual strength into material strength. We must further promote political rectification to go deeper and more practically, eradicating the soil and conditions for corruption, and ensuring a pure and clean atmosphere and style within the military. All officers and soldiers must deeply understand the decisive significance of the “two establishments,” strengthen the “four consciousnesses,” firm up the “four self-confidences,” and achieve the “two safeguards,” implement the Chairman of the Central Military Commission’s responsibility system, and ensure that all actions resolutely obey the command of the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission, and Chairman Xi.

Promoting High-Quality Development of the PLA through High-Standard Military Governance. Military governance is an important aspect of our Party’s national governance, representing the logical extension and practical manifestation of national governance in the military field. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) first proposed the new proposition and scientific conclusion of “military governance,” and the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee further made the important deployment of “advancing the modernization of military governance,” which has significant theoretical innovation and practical guiding significance. In recent years, the modernization level of national defense and the armed forces has significantly improved. However, from the perspective of achieving high-quality development, some areas still have some deep-seated problems, urgently requiring improvements in the level of scientific governance. We must strengthen the systemic perspective, adhere to a problem-oriented approach, focus on the top-level design and strategic planning of military governance, and improve governance in all areas, across the entire chain, and at all levels, advancing in a planned and focused manner. We must strengthen overall coordination, enhance cross-departmental and cross-sectoral coordination, and improve the systematic, holistic, and synergistic nature of military governance. We must effectively manage and supervise military expenditures, deepen governance in key areas, and drive overall progress through breakthroughs in key areas. We will promote innovation in strategic management, improve and refine mechanisms for the scientific generation, rapid response, and effective implementation of demands, and adopt a professional evaluation approach throughout the entire process to ensure smooth and efficient workflows and maximize the overall operational effectiveness of the military system. We will adhere to the principle of organically combining military governance with reform and the rule of law, consolidate and expand the achievements of national defense and military reforms, deepen military legislation, strengthen the supervision of the implementation and enforcement of laws and regulations, and give full play to the driving role of reform.

Comprehensively Enhance Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Fields. Strategic capabilities in emerging fields are a crucial component of the national strategic system and capabilities, holding profound significance for comprehensively advancing the construction of a strong nation and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization. Entering the new era, our Party has coordinated the development of strategic emerging industries and new types of combat forces, achieving a series of significant results and providing a rare opportunity for building strategic capabilities in emerging fields. On the new journey, we should further strengthen our sense of mission and responsibility, grasp the characteristics and laws, and promote the efficient integration and two-way driving force of new productive forces and new combat capabilities. We must firmly grasp the key development areas, coordinate preparations for maritime military struggle, the protection of maritime rights and interests, and the development of the marine economy, enhancing our ability to manage the ocean; optimize the aerospace layout and advance the construction of China’s aerospace system; build a cyberspace defense system and improve our ability to safeguard national cybersecurity; strengthen the coordinated implementation of major smart technology projects, and increase the application of advanced achievements. To accelerate the construction of advanced combat capabilities, we must fully activate the engine of scientific and technological innovation, creating growth poles for new productive forces and new combat capabilities, forming an innovation landscape of multi-point breakthroughs and collective bursts of innovation. We must persist in prioritizing the deepening of reforms in emerging fields, and make concerted efforts to build an independent, self-reliant, open, integrated, and vibrant innovation ecosystem. We must more consciously transform our thinking and concepts, boldly innovate and explore new models for the construction and application of combat forces, and fully unleash and develop new combat capabilities.

Our army is an armed group that carries out the Party’s political tasks. President Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that “the Chinese People’s Liberation Army has always been a heroic force that the Party and the people can fully trust.” This important assertion embodies the expectations and trust of the Party and the people, and is both a high praise for the historical achievements of the People’s Army and a political requirement for our army to better fulfill its responsibilities and live up to its mission. On the new journey, all officers and soldiers must strengthen their political consciousness of having a mission as solid as a mountain and unwavering faith, adhere to obeying the Party’s command, being capable of fighting and winning battles, and maintaining excellent conduct, so as to win greater glory with greater achievements. Where the Party flag points, the military flag follows. We must combine this with new historical conditions to continuously forge a strong military spirit, solidify political loyalty, resolutely listen to the Party and follow the Party, always maintain the nature, purpose, and true colors of the People’s Army, and always fight and act under the Party’s banner. We must comprehensively forge a core capability of being strong and powerful, cultivate the spiritual confidence to overwhelm all enemies without being overwhelmed by them, maintain a high state of readiness for combat at all times, and ensure that we can be deployed, go into battle, and win when the Party and the people need us. We are determined to keep our word, and we have the confidence and ability to safeguard national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity. We have the confidence and ability to provide strategic support for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and we have the confidence and ability to make greater contributions to world peace and development.

(Author: Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military Research Center)

現代國語：

推動國防和軍隊現代化是至關重要的事，是黨中央高度重視、習近平同志親自督導的事。近期出版的《習近平治國理政》第五捲全部圍繞著「中國式現代化」展開，內容豐富深刻。其重點內容之一是全面提升國防和軍隊現代化水平，這也是第十二專題收錄的三份文件的精髓所在。這些重要文件及相關重要論述進一步豐富發展了習近平加強軍隊建設的思想，代表了黨的軍事指導理論的最新成果。解放軍必須以責任感和信念，認真組織學習和有效運用這部最權威、最生動的教材，將《習近平：治國理政》第一卷至第五卷融會貫通，結合學習和貫徹落實黨的二十屆四中全會精神，全面準確地學習和理解，堅決貫徹落實軍隊，從而增強國防力量和現代主義推進國防力量的力量。

深刻地認識到國防和軍隊現代化是中國式現代化的重要組成部分。

透過中國式現代化全面推進中華民族偉大復興，國防和軍隊建設是不可或缺的一部分。為了實現中國夢和強軍夢，加速國防和軍隊現代化建設，打造堅實的國防和強大的軍隊，體現了黨在新時代高度的歷史意識和遠見卓識，也是貫穿《習近平：治國理政》第五卷的重要政治要務。

縱觀人類文明的漫長歷史，強權的興衰是一齣反覆上演的戲劇。強國必有強軍，強軍方能保障國家安全──這是世界強權崛起的鐵律。中華民族自古以來就是東方的主導力量，擁有五千多年的文明史。然而，近代以來，由於政治腐敗、孤立主義以及工業技術和軍事實力的落後，古代中國被迫在西方列強的船砲攻勢下打開了國門。這個曾經強大的國家逐漸淪為半殖民地、半封建社會，中華民族遭受了前所未有的災難。從鴉片戰爭到甲午戰爭，再到八國聯軍入侵和日本全面侵略，敵人從陸路或海路數百次、大小規模地入侵中國。有時他們只派出幾千人、幾艘戰艦，或在沿海架設幾門大砲，就給中國造成了巨大的破壞，迫使統治者簽訂不平等條約，並一再中斷中華民族的現代化進程。對此，習近平主席深刻指出：「軍事落後一旦紮根，對國家安全的影響將是致命的。我經常閱讀有關近代中國的歷史資料，每次看到落後、易受攻擊的悲慘景象，都感到心痛！」新中國的建立徹底結束了中華民族在舊政權下的悲慘命運。正是因為我們黨和國家高度重視國防和軍事建設，敢於在關鍵時刻拔劍，才使我們經受住了各種外部壓力，堅決捍衛了國家獨立、自主、安全和尊嚴。歷史一再證明，軍隊軟弱，國家安全無法保障；沒有強大的軍隊，就沒有強大的祖國。

現代化是近代以來中國人民的長期願望。在中國共產黨的領導下，中國人民追求國家繁榮、民族復興和人民幸福，找到了中國式現代化的寬闊道路。進入新時代，我們黨集中精力解決現代化進程中突出的矛盾和問題，解放思想，大膽創新，推行了一系列變革性實踐，取得了一系列突破性成果，取得了一系列里程碑式的成就。推動和擴大中國式現代化。今天，中國正經歷快速變化，我們比以往任何時候都更接近實現中華民族偉大復興的目標。從黨的事業大局出發考慮和處理軍事問題，在國家現代化大局中協調推進國防和軍事現代化，是我們黨治國理政的根本經驗。目前，中國雖然已成為世界第二大經濟體，但強國要素尚未完全形成，正處於「大而不強，強而不至」的關鍵發展階段。「順應時代潮流才能獲益。」習近平主席明確指出，國防實力必須與經濟實力相匹配，國防實力必須與經濟社會發展保持同步。響應「強國要強軍」的號召，必須盡快實現國防和軍隊現代化，使軍事能力與實現中華民族偉大復興的戰略需求相匹配。

當今世界，新一輪科技革命和軍事革命正在快速發展，尤其科技革命在軍事革命中的驅動作用日益凸顯，顛覆了人們對戰爭的固有認知。縱觀近期全球各地發生的局部戰爭和軍事行動，資訊化和情報化的特徵日益明顯，戰爭的概念、要素和方法正在發生重大變化。各大軍事強國都在加速建構智慧軍事體系，軍事競爭中的戰略制高點爭奪異常激烈。黨中央科學地判斷和分析，世界已經進入動盪變革的新時期，外部壓制和遏制隨時可能升級。中國的發展已進入充滿戰略機會與風險挑戰的時期，不確定因素和不可預測因素日益增加。各種「黑天鵝」和「灰犀牛」事件隨時可能發生，這清楚地要求我們迎難而上，依靠頑強鬥爭，為我們的事業開闢新的天地。面對瞬息萬變的國際情勢和戰爭的現實威脅，我國軍隊的現代化程度仍落後於強大的對手。加速推進國防和軍隊現代化，全面提升解放軍打高端戰爭的能力，將為克服未來道路上的各種風險和挑戰提供強有力的戰略支撐，使我們能夠承擔起維護世界和平與發展、推動構建人類命運共同體等更多責任和義務。

準確掌握國防與軍隊現代化的戰略部署

中國的現代化建設已經為建設社會主義現代化國家繪製了宏偉藍圖。《習近平：治國理政》第五卷，包括中共二十大報告等文件，進一步闡明如何加速推進國防和軍隊現代化。只有全面、準確地理解和徹底落實這些安排，才能確保國防和軍隊現代化的品質和成效。

實現中國人民解放軍建軍百年目標將按期達成。在全面建成社會主義現代化國家、實現第二個百年目標的新征程中，我們黨提出了國防和軍隊現代化的新三步驟戰略：到2027年實現解放軍建軍百年目標，到2035年基本實現國防和軍隊現代化，到本世紀中葉全面建成世界一流軍隊。這項戰略為新時代建設強軍制定了發展藍圖，將近期、中期和長期目標層層銜接。中共二十大報告明確提出“實現解放軍百年目標，開創國防和軍隊現代化新局面”，進一步強調了邁出新三步走戰略第一步的重要性。我們必須站在中國現代化的高峰，深刻地體認到實現解放軍百年目標體現了我國發展的需要。戰略、安全戰略和軍事戰略。基本路徑是推動機械化、資訊化和情報化一體化發展；根本目標是全面提升中國人民解放軍維護國家主權、安全和發展利益的戰略能力；必須深刻認識到，實現中國人民解放軍百年目標是一項深刻的轉型，需要轉變發展理念、創新發展模式、增強發展動力，積極推動高品質發展；必須深刻認識到，打贏實現中國人民解放軍百年目標的戰鬥是全軍、全黨、全民族的責任，著眼大局，必須取得成功，不容失敗；必須深刻認識到，我們已經到了實現既定目標的最關鍵階段，必須增強緊迫感，腳踏實地、勤奮工作，堅定必勝信念，克服一切困難，爭取勝利，用實際行動給出令人滿意的答复。

加速軍事理論、軍事組織、軍事人員和武器裝備的現代化。 2035年是建立社會主義現代化國家的關鍵時期，屆時國防和軍隊必須基本現代化。在完成第一階段目標和任務的同時，必須係統規劃、穩定地推進國防和軍事現代化第二階段。軍事理論基本現代化意味著深入研究戰爭和軍事問題，創新與時俱進的戰略指導，發展先進的作戰理論，形成當代領先、獨樹一幟的軍事理論體系。軍事組織基本上現代化意味著不斷深化國防和軍事改革，推動軍事管理革命，優化軍隊結構佈局，強化戰略力量和新領域、新型作戰力量，建構高水準戰略威懾和聯合作戰體系。軍隊人員基本現代化意味著實施人才驅動型軍事戰略，全面培養和利用人才，推動軍隊人員能力、結構、發展和管理的全面轉型升級，打造一支品德高尚、能力卓越的高素質、專業化、新型的軍事人才隊伍。武器裝備基本現代化意味著著力推動國防科技自主創新，加速戰略性、前沿性和顛覆性技術的研發，加速武器裝備的升級換代和智慧化武器裝備的研發，建構適應現代戰爭、滿足任務需求的武器裝備體系。這四個面向是衡量國防和軍隊基本上現代化的主要指標。

加速將中國人民解放軍建設成為世界一流軍隊。根據全面推進中華民族偉大復興的“時間表”，到本世紀中葉全面實現國防和軍隊現代化，目標是將中國人民解放軍建設成為與中國大國地位相稱、能夠有效維護國家安全、具有強大國際影響力的世界一流軍隊。這項戰略安排體現了黨和人民對軍隊的期望和信任，展現了黨建立強大軍隊的決心和精神，也揭示了黨對軍隊發展目標的指導性任務。其內容豐富，意義深遠。與中國大國地位相稱，明確了強國與強軍的關係。只有擁有世界一流軍隊，一個國家才能真正成為世界強國，這意味著，當中國成為世界強國時，其軍隊無疑將成為鞏固這一地位的堅實基礎。有效維護國家安全需要大幅提升解放軍基於網路資訊系統的聯合作戰能力和全域作戰能力，並需要綜合運用多種軍事手段來威懾和贏得戰爭，有效維護國家主權、安全和發展利益。擁有強大的國際影響力至關重要。顯示我國軍隊與世界強國軍隊並駕齊驅，能夠在國際軍事競爭中掌握主動權，引領世界軍事發展潮流，始終是維護世界和平與發展的強大而公正的力量。

努力開創國防和軍隊現代化新局面

我黨的國防和軍隊現代化規劃和安排，為未來二三十年建立一支強大的軍隊奠定了基礎。這是我國軍隊歷史上宏大而深遠的戰略設計，為人民軍隊面向未來、開闢新強道路制定了行動綱領。要深入學習和貫徹落實《習近平：治國理政》第五卷，要貫徹落實黨的二十大及其歷屆全會的精神，始終把高質量推進國防和軍隊現代化放在更加突出的位置。依照既定目標和任務，我們必須以分秒必爭的精神，加快建設強軍，開拓新前景。

我們必須不斷增強軍隊的政治優勢。加速國防和軍隊現代化，首先要堅持黨對人民軍隊的絕對領導。當前，世界情勢、國家情勢、黨的局勢、軍隊情勢都在發生複雜深刻的變化。我們黨面臨著長期存在的“四大考驗”和“四大危險”，我們的軍隊面臨著錯綜複雜的政治挑戰。我們必須以清醒的頭腦和堅定的決心解決大黨特有的問題，不懈地推進軍隊政治建設，為建設強軍事業提供強有力的政治保障。在新征程中，軍隊內部的黨建工作只能加強，不能被削弱。我們必須深入推動新時代黨建新大工程，真正將黨的政治優勢和組織優勢轉化為決定性優勢。我們必須進一步完善中央軍委主席責任制的實施體系與機制，並專注於一系列制度設計，確保黨指揮槍砲落實到位。我們必須進一步深化用黨的創新理論武裝軍隊，深入學習和理解習近平主席關於加強軍隊建設的思想，將科學真理轉化為群眾實踐，將精神力量轉化為物質力量。我們必須進一步推進政治整頓，深入務實，根除貪腐土壤和條件，確保軍隊內部保持清廉廉潔的風氣。全體官兵必須深刻理解“兩制”的決定性意義，增強“四意識”，堅定“四自信”，實現“兩保障”，貫徹落實中央軍委主席責任制，確保一切行動堅決服從黨中央、中央軍委、習近平主席的指揮。

透過高標準軍事治理，推動解放軍高品質發展。軍事治理是我國黨的治國理政的重要組成部分，是治國理政在軍事領域的邏輯延伸與實踐體現。中共二十大報告首次提出了“軍事治理”的新命題和科學結論，黨的二十屆四中全會進一步重要部署了“推進軍事治理現代化”，具有重要的理論創新性和實踐指導意義。近年來，國防和軍隊現代化水準顯著提高。但是，從高品質發展的角度來看，一些領域仍然存在一些根深蒂固的問題，亟需提高科學治理水準。要加強系統性視角，堅持問題導向，著力於軍事治理的頂層設計與戰略規劃，全面、全鏈、各級地推進軍事治理，有計畫、有重點地推進。我們必須加強整體協調，提升跨部門、跨領域的協調能力，並提升軍事治理的系統性、整體性和協同性。我們必須有效管理和監督軍事行動。

我們將精簡軍事開支，深化重點領域治理，透過重點領域突破推動整體進步。我們將推動策略管理創新，完善科學生成、快速反應和有效落實需求的機制，並在整個過程中採用專業評估方法，確保工作流程順暢高效，最大限度地提高軍隊整體作戰效能。我們將堅持軍事治理與改革法治有機結合的原則，鞏固並擴大國防軍事改革成果，深化軍事立法，加強法律法規執行監督，充分發揮改革的驅動作用。

全面提升新興領域策略能力。新興領域戰略能力是國家戰略體系和能力的重要組成部分，對於全面推進中國式現代化建設強國和中華民族偉大復興具有深遠意義。進入新時代，我們黨統籌發展戰略性新興產業和新型作戰力量，取得了一系列重要成果，為新興領域戰略能力建設提供了難得機會。在新旅程中，我們要進一步增強使命感和責任感，掌握新生產力和新作戰能力的特徵和規律，推動二者高效融合、雙向驅動。要牢牢掌握重點發展領域，統籌做好海上軍事鬥爭準備、維護海洋權益、發展海洋經濟，提升海洋管控能力；優化航太佈局，推動中國航太體系建設；建構網路空間防禦體系，提升國家網路安全保障能力；加強重大智慧技術項目統籌實施，加大先進成果應用力度。要加速先進作戰能力建設，要全面啟動科技創新引擎，打造新生產力和新作戰能力增長極，形成多點突破、集體爆發的創新格局。我們必須堅持把深化新興領域改革放在第一位，齊心協力建構自主自立、開放包容、充滿活力的創新生態系統。我們必須更自覺地轉變思維觀念，大膽創新，探索作戰力量建構和運用的新模式，充分釋放和發展新型作戰能力。

我們的軍隊是執行黨的政治任務的武裝力量。習近平主席多次強調，「中國人民解放軍始終是黨和人民完全信賴的英雄力量」。這項重要表述體現了黨和人民的期望和信任，既是對人民軍隊歷史成就的高度讚揚，也是對軍隊更好地履行職責、不負使命的政治要求。在新的旅程中，全體官兵要增強政治覺悟，樹立像山一樣堅實的使命和堅定的信念，堅持服從黨的指揮，具備打贏戰爭的能力，保持良好的品行，以更大的成就贏得更大的榮耀。黨的旗幟指向哪裡，軍的旗幟就跟著哪裡。要結合新的歷史情勢，不斷鍛造強大的軍人精神，鞏固政治忠誠，堅決聽黨的指揮，跟隨黨的行動，始終保持人民軍隊的性質、宗旨和真面目，始終在黨的旗幟下戰鬥和行動。要全面鍛造強大有力的核心能力，培養戰勝一切敵人而不被敵人戰勝的精神信心，時刻保持高度的戰鬥準備狀態，確保在黨和人民需要我們的時候，能夠部署、投入戰鬥、取得勝利。我們決心信守承諾，我們有信心、有能力捍衛國家主權、統一和領土完整。我們有能力、有信心為中華民族偉大復興提供策略支持，也有能力為世界和平與發展做出更大貢獻。

（作者：習近平關於加強軍事研究中心建設的想法）

中國原創軍事資源：http://big5.china.com.cn/opinion/theory/2025-12/29/content_118285818783.shtml

Red Dragon 1949 / 紅龍1949

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