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#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 元宇宙, 國家網絡空間安全戰略, 國防和軍隊現代化建設, 域作战突出属性, 認知戰, 新軍事變革, 智慧戰爭, 美國軍事網絡戰：黑客入侵防禦成為無菸的戰爭, 解放軍展望未來戰爭發展, 認知域戰, 認知域戰, 認知域操作, 認知對抗, 認知戰, 認知領域操作, 資料來源：中國外交部, 贏得現代戰爭認知領域作戰的關鍵, 軍事多域作戰, 軍事認知戰, 軍隊「三化」融合聚焦探索戰力生成, 軍隊要突顯「高品質」、實現「提速」, 非對稱戰爭, 馬賽克戰

Chinese Military Intelligent Warfare Research Cannot be separated from Dialectical Thinking

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中國軍事智能化戰爭研究離不開辯證思維

現代英語：

●The application of artificial intelligence in the military field is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it greatly improves combat effectiveness, but on the other hand, it also requires great attention to the potential weaknesses and loopholes of artificial intelligence.

●The use of intelligent weapons does not mean that the role of humans has declined, but rather that some of the functions of humans have been transferred and materialized into weapons. Weapons extend the human body and brain, and stimulate human creativity and initiative.

Accelerating the development of military intelligence is a strategic task proposed in the report of the 19th CPC National Congress. It is a powerful tool to promote the modernization of national defense and the army and realize the party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era. It is also a major measure to aim at the future war situation and seize strategic opportunities. When conducting research on intelligent warfare, we should adhere to dialectical thinking, prevent research from “deviating from reality to virtuality”, “generalizing from a single case”, and “focusing on technology rather than theory”. Only by scientifically analyzing the characteristics and laws of intelligent warfare can we truly promote in-depth and practical research.

To prevent “decoupling from reality and turning to virtuality”, we need to use scientific methodology and epistemology to analyze the problem

Intelligent warfare is a highly informationized war conducted in the physical and cognitive domains through the extensive use of intelligent weapons and equipment and the corresponding combat styles and methods. It is essentially not out of the scope of informationized warfare. The trend of unmanned warfare in recent local wars only has some characteristics of intelligent warfare, and is far from being an intelligent war in the true sense. At present, there is a wave of research on artificial intelligence in all walks of life, but to some extent, there is also a phenomenon of exaggeration and exaggeration. Some people also believe that intelligent warfare will give rise to geopolitical changes, and the traditional physical space control will be replaced by “intelligence control” with artificial intelligence as the core. This view inevitably has a tendency to virtualize cognition. To this end, intelligent warfare should be rationally studied and understood using scientific methodology and epistemology.

System theory perspective. Intelligent warfare is an advanced stage of information warfare, and is essentially still a system confrontation based on information systems. Whether it is human-machine collaborative operations, real-time perception of the entire battlefield, or brain-machine integrated decision-making, the characteristics it exhibits are all conscious behaviors of the various elements of the military system with “winning the war” as the ultimate goal. The understanding of military intelligence cannot stop at “technology-only theory” and “weapon-only theory”, but should focus on the mutual connection and action characteristics between the various elements of the military system, and explore its triggering mechanism, internal laws and implementation path.

Global thinking. Qian Xuesen believes that war is an organic whole composed of many parts and cannot be separated. In all human social practices, there is no activity that emphasizes the global concept and the overall concept more than directing war, and emphasizes starting from the overall situation, using all forces rationally, and ultimately achieving the overall final effect. This is true for directing war and studying war. Intelligent warfare not only refers to the intelligence of weapons and equipment, but also includes a series of intelligence such as intelligence analysis, command and control, military training, and logistics support. Only by conducting all-round research and thinking on the relevant elements can we have a global understanding of intelligent warfare. Global thinking also requires us to consider military intelligence in the context of achieving the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era and the overall national strategy, and to grasp the dialectical relationship between short-term and long-term, key and urgent needs, and actual military needs and overall military modernization.

Engineering design. To win future wars, we must have the ability to design future wars. We should use engineering thinking to classify and plan the operational concepts, operational styles, and force use of future intelligent warfare, and put forward practical military needs, phased development goals, and methods based on the current development stage of our army and targeting powerful enemies. We can follow the idea of ​​”proposing theories – developing concepts – experimental simulations – actual military exercises” to promote innovative breakthroughs in military theories based on intelligent warfare, incorporate them into operational regulations, and integrate them into actual combat training.

Avoid generalizing from a single example, and grasp the opposites of contradictions with the unity of opposites thinking

The ancients said: “The way to win or lose, to be safe or dangerous, is the way.” The “way” here includes not only the fundamental view of war, but also the speculative understanding of the laws of winning war. Intelligent warfare research should go beyond the limitations of one-sided descriptions such as “algorithmic warfare”, “unmanned warfare” and “self-adaptation”, and use dialectical thinking to fully understand and grasp the relationship between the various elements of future wars.

The relationship between people and weapons. With the widespread use of drones, unmanned combat vehicles, unmanned submarines, etc. in the military, “war between people” will be largely replaced by “war between machines”. The realization of combat means such as autonomous coordination and autonomous decision-making has reshaped the combat process, and the combat style with unmanned operations as a prominent feature has rewritten the rules of the battlefield. Despite this, the decisive role of people in war has not changed, but the way they act is significantly different from before. As Engels said, “It is people, not guns, who win the battle… Guns will not move by themselves, and they need a brave heart and a strong hand to use them.” Intelligent weapons undoubtedly play an important role in war, but the subject of war is still people, and people are always the most active factor in war. The use of intelligent weapons does not mean that the role of humans has declined, but rather that some of the functions of humans have been transferred and materialized into weapons. Weapons extend the human body and brain, and stimulate human creativity and initiative. Intelligent weapons cannot replace the important role of fighting spirit. The superposition of indestructible political beliefs, overwhelming heroism, the bloody spirit of daring to fight and win, as well as superb strategies and flexible strategies and tactics, these dynamic factors make it possible to win when the enemy and our strength are equal, and to have the possibility of defeating the strong with the weak when we are at a disadvantage.

The relationship between offense and defense. The application of artificial intelligence in the military field is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it greatly improves combat effectiveness, but on the other hand, it is also necessary to pay great attention to the potential weaknesses and loopholes of artificial intelligence. Intelligent warfare mainly relies on powerful algorithms and interconnected networks. Once they are attacked, fatal errors occur, or they are reversely controlled, the advantage may turn into a disadvantage. The U.S. Department of Defense has now established a special agency to assess the potential risks of military intelligence and countermeasures. While promoting military intelligence, we should pay special attention to strengthening information protection and risk management, and simultaneously develop “anti-artificial intelligence technology” to establish a two-way advantage of both offense and defense.

The relationship between inheritance and innovation. Artificial intelligence has promoted major changes in the war situation, but it has not changed the general sense of the war guidance rules and war winning mechanism. No matter how the future war is fought, we must not abandon or deviate from the precious war experience and theoretical guidance accumulated by our army in long-term practice. We must still adhere to the principle of “you fight yours, I fight mine”, uphold the principle of asymmetric strategic checks and balances, and attach importance to giving full play to people’s subjective initiative. On the other hand, we must follow the general trend of military reform, keep a close eye on the forefront of war development, promote military innovation with a sense of urgency and accelerate the application and transformation of results.

To prevent “focusing on technology and neglecting science”, it is necessary to promote technological and theoretical innovation by integrating science and technology.

An advanced army needs advanced military theory to guide it. The emergence of intelligent warfare is first of all due to the promotion of the new scientific and technological revolution, but it is inseparable from the scientific guidance of advanced military theory, especially Marxist military theory. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to comprehensively promote the modernization of military theory, which is an inevitable requirement for realizing the party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era, and is also the meaning of intelligent warfare research. To this end, we must conscientiously implement the development idea of ​​integrating theory and technology, and promote the simultaneous innovation of technology and theory in deepening problem research.

Conceptual integration. Modern military theories are increasingly characterized by actual combat-driven, interdisciplinary, and systemic support. To promote the integration of science and technology, we must first break through the barriers of concepts and ideas. We should adhere to the complex research approach of overall planning, system design, and system integration, based on the evolution of war forms and the actual national and military conditions and development stages, and coordinate the promotion of technological breakthroughs, concept development, tactics innovation, combat power generation and other theoretical innovations to provide scientific guidance and theoretical support for winning future wars. We should strengthen research on the winning mechanism, combat guidance, and combat style of intelligent warfare, and conduct in-depth research on the military organization form caused by intelligent warfare, especially the series of changes in organizational system, scale structure, combat organization, tactical principles, combat support, and force application, so as to make ideological and theoretical preparations for a new round of military reforms.

Integration of disciplines. Intelligent warfare research not only involves the application of artificial intelligence in the military field, but also involves multiple fields such as algorithms and materials, and multiple disciplines such as physics, chemistry, electronics, and biology, and involves a wide range of fields such as war ethics and international law. In order to achieve the integration of science and technology, technical workers are required to break away from the shackles of pure engineering thinking, establish strategic thinking and global awareness, master scientific methodology and epistemology, and use dialectical thinking to lead technology research and development. Theoretical researchers should break the boundaries of disciplines, step out of the small circle of pure academic research, actively promote the interaction between scientific research institutions and colleges, troops, and technology research and development departments, strive to achieve original results in the basic field of artificial intelligence, and enrich the theory of intelligent warfare. Make good use of data, focus on actual combat, adhere to the “three aspects”, and effectively play the leading and guiding role of theory on technology.

現代國語：

要點提示

●人工智慧運用於軍事領域是柄雙刃劍，一方面極大提高了作戰效能，另一方面也需要高度重視人工智慧潛在的弱點和漏洞。

●智慧武器的運用不表示人的作用下降了，而是人的部分功能被轉移物化在武器之中了。武器延長了人的肢體，也延伸了人的大腦，激發了人的創造性和能動性。

加速軍事智慧化發展是黨的十九大報告提出的戰略任務，是推進國防和軍隊現代化建設、實現黨在新時代的強軍目標的有力抓手，是瞄準未來戰爭形態、搶抓戰略機遇的重大舉措。在進行智慧化戰爭研究時，應堅持辯證思維，防止研究“脫實向虛”“以偏概全”“重技輕理”，科學分析智能化戰爭的特點規律，才能真正推動研究走深走實。

謹防“脫實向虛”，需用科學方法論和認識論分析問題

智慧化戰爭是透過廣泛使用智慧武器裝備及與其相適應的作戰樣式、作戰方法，在物理域和認知域進行的高度資訊化的戰爭，本質上沒有脫離資訊化戰爭範疇。近期局部戰爭中所呈現的無人化作戰趨勢，僅僅是具備了智慧化戰爭的某些特點，還遠遠不是真正意義上的智慧化戰爭。當前各界掀起一股研究人工智慧的熱潮，但某種程度上也存在著拔高和誇大的現象。還有人認為，智慧化戰爭催生地緣政治異變，傳統的實體空間制權將被以人工智慧為核心的「制智權」取代。這種觀點不免帶有認識虛化的傾向。為此，應以科學方法論、認識論來理性研究和認識智能化戰爭。

系統論視角。智能化戰爭是資訊化戰爭的高級階段，本質上仍是基於資訊系統的體系對抗，無論是人機協同作戰、戰場全局實時感知，還是腦機一體決策，其展現出的特點莫不是軍事體系諸要素以「勝戰」為終極牽引而湧現的自覺行為。對軍事智能化的認識不能停留於“唯技術論”“唯武器論”，而應著眼軍事體系諸要素間的相互聯繫和作用特性，探究其觸發機理、內在規律和實現路徑。

全局性思維。錢學森認為，戰爭是由許多部分構成的、不可分離的有機整體。在人類全部的社會實踐活動中，沒有比指導戰爭更強調全局觀念、整體觀念，更強調從全局出發，合理地使用全部力量，最終求得全局最終效果的了。指導戰爭如此，研究戰爭也是如此。智慧化戰爭不僅指武器裝備的智慧化，更包含情報研判、指揮控制、軍事​​訓練、後勤保障等一系列的智慧化，只有對有關諸要素進行全方位研究與思考，方能對智能化戰爭有全局性認識。全局性思維也要求我們將軍事智能化放在實現黨在新時代的強軍目標和國家戰略大局下通盤考量，把握短期與長期、重點與急需、現實軍事需求與整體軍事現代化的辯證關系。

工程化設計。打贏未來戰爭，必須有設計未來戰爭的能力。應運用工程化思維對未來智能化戰爭的作戰概念、作戰樣式、力量運用等進行分類規劃和層次化設計，立足我軍現有發展階段，瞄準強敵，提出切合實際的軍事需求以及階段性發展目標和方法手段。可依照「提出理論—發展概念—實驗模擬—實兵演習」的思路，推動基於智慧化作戰的軍事理論實現創新突破，進入作戰條令，融入實戰化訓練。

力避“以偏概全”，需以對立統一思維把握矛盾對立面

古人雲：“以決勝敗安危者，道也。”這裡的“道”，不僅包含對戰爭的根本看法，也包含對戰爭制勝規律的思辨性認識。智慧化戰爭研究應超越「演算法戰」「無人化」「自適應」等片面所描述的限制，以辯證思維完整理解與掌握未來戰爭各要素間的相互關系。

人與武器的關系。隨著無人飛機、無人戰車、無人潛艇等在軍事上的廣泛運用，「人與人的戰爭」將在很大程度上被「機器與機器的戰爭」所取代，自主協同、自主決策等作戰手段的實現使作戰流程得以重塑，以無人化為突顯標志的作戰樣式使戰場規則重新改寫。盡管如此，人在戰爭中的決定性作用並未改變，只是作用方式與以往相比出現重大不同。正如恩格斯所稱，「贏得戰鬥勝利的是人而不是槍……槍是不會自己動的，需要有勇敢的心和強有力的手來使用它。」智能武器在戰爭中無疑發揮重要作用，但戰爭主體依舊是人，人永遠是戰爭中最活躍的因素。智慧武器的運用不顯示人的作用下降了，而是人的部分功能被轉移物化在武器之中了。武器延長了人的肢體，也延伸了人的大腦，激發了人的創造性和能動性。智慧武器也無法取代戰鬥精神的重要角色。堅不可摧的政治信念、壓倒一切的英雄氣概、敢打必勝的血性精神，以及高超的謀略和靈活的戰略戰術，這些能動性因素的疊加，使在敵我實力相當時有製勝的把握，在居於劣勢時有以弱勝強的可能。

進攻與防禦的關系。人工智慧運用於軍事領域是柄雙刃劍，一方面極大提高了作戰效能，另一方面也需要高度重視人工智慧潛在的弱點和漏洞。智慧化戰爭主要依賴強大的演算法和互聯互通的網絡，一旦受到攻擊、出現致命錯誤或遭反向控制，優勢將可能轉化為劣勢。美國國防部目前已成立專門機構，評估軍事智慧化的潛在風險及應對措施。在推動軍事智慧化的同時，我們應特別注意加強資訊防護和風險管控，同步發展“反人工智慧技術”，以確立攻防兼備的雙向優勢。

傳承與創新的關系。人工智慧推動戰爭形態發生重大變化，但並未改變一般意義上的戰爭指導規律和戰爭制勝機理。不管未來戰爭怎麼打，都不能丟棄或偏離我軍在長期實踐中積累的寶貴戰爭經驗和理論指導，仍要堅持“你打你的，我打我的”，秉持非對稱戰略制衡原則，重視發揮人的主觀能動性。另一方面，要順應軍事變革大勢，緊盯戰爭發展前沿，以時不我待的緊迫感推動軍事創新並加快成果應用轉化。

防止“重技輕理”，需以理技融合推動技術與理論創新

先進的軍隊需要先進的軍事理論作指導。智能化戰爭的出現首先源自於新科技革命的推動，但離不開先進軍事理論尤其是馬克思主義軍事理論的科學指導。黨的十九大報告提出要全面推進軍事理論現代化，這是實現黨在新時代的強軍目標的必然要求，也是智慧化戰爭研究的題中之義。為此，要認真貫徹好理技融合的發展思路，在深化問題研究中推動技術與理論同步創新。

觀念融合。現代軍事理論日益呈現出實戰牽引、學科交叉、體系支撐的特徵，要推動理技融合，首先需要打破觀念和思想藩籬，應秉持整體謀劃、體系設計、系統集成的複合型研究思路，立足戰爭形態演變與國情軍情實際與發展階段，協調推進技術突破、概念研發、戰法革新、戰鬥力生成等多面向理論創新，為打贏未來戰爭提供科學引領與理論支撐。應加強研究智能化戰爭的製勝機理、作戰指導、作戰樣式，深入研究智能化戰爭引發的軍隊組織形態，尤其是組織體制、規模結構、戰鬥編成、戰術原則、作戰保障、力量運用等方面的系列變化，為迎接新一輪軍事變革做好思想與理論準備。

學科融合。智慧化戰爭研究不僅涉及人工智慧在軍事領域的運用，還涉及演算法、材料等多領域和物理、化學、電子、生物等多學科，涉及戰爭倫理、國際法等廣泛領域。為實現理技融合，要求技術工作者要擺脫單純工程思維的羈絆，樹立戰略思維和全局意識，熟練掌握科學方法論和認識論，用辯證思維統領技術研發。理論研究者要打破學科界限，走出純學術研究的小圈子，積極推動科研機構與院校、部隊、技術研發部門的互動，力爭在人工智慧基礎領域取得原創性成果，同時豐富智能化戰爭理論。善用數據說話，向實戰聚焦，堅持“三個面向”，切實發揮理論對技術的引領和指導作用。

來源：解放軍報 作者：馬榮升 責任編輯：楊一楠 2019-07-04 14:xx

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4845177.html

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China’s Military Accelerating Integrated Development of Mechanization, Informatization and Intelligentization

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我軍加速機械化、資訊化、智慧化融合發展

中国军网 国防部网

2020年11月25日 星期三

現代英語：

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee made new and comprehensive arrangements for national defense and military construction, aimed at achieving the goal of the centenary of the founding of the army, and clearly put forward the contemporary requirements and strategic measures for accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. Forging ahead on a new journey, focusing on accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, seizing opportunities, responding to challenges, and taking advantage of the situation are of great significance for accelerating the modernization of national defense and the army and comprehensively improving the ability to prepare for war in the new era.

Recognize the necessity of accelerating the integration of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

Those who follow the trend will win, and those who control the trend will prevail. At present, the new round of scientific and technological revolution is showing a strong trend of intelligent technology leading the way, pushing the world’s new military revolution to develop in depth. The trend of intelligent weapons and equipment is obvious, and the superposition and aggregation effect with mechanization and informatization is prominent. The war form is accelerating from mechanization to informatization, entering the stage of giving birth to intelligent warfare. It is the development and change of the times that has made the acceleration of the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence become the general trend and powerful driving force for promoting the in-depth development of military transformation, and the inevitable choice to ensure winning the initiative, winning advantages and winning the future.

Comply with the trend of the world’s military revolution. At present, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology is increasingly having a subversive impact on the field of war and combat. Seizing the strategic commanding heights of artificial intelligence and accelerating the development of artificial intelligence militarization and practical combat have become the strategic frontiers of military competition among major countries in the world. Increasing the intensity of military application of artificial intelligence technology, realizing the deep transformation and comprehensive upgrading of mechanized and informationized combat equipment, embedding artificial intelligence systems into the informationized combat command chain and action chain, and making the combat force organization more modular and integrated through intelligent transformation are the common practices of the world’s military powers in seeking new military advantages. Whether it is possible to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, especially to fully release the efficiency expansion of intelligence on mechanization and informatization, so that platform operations, system operations and precision operations can obtain higher quality and efficient intelligent support, is undoubtedly a key to whether the strategic initiative of military competition can be firmly grasped.

The need to comprehensively improve the level of modernization. Modernization has a distinct timeliness, and the requirements of the times are the key measure to measure the degree of modernization of a country and an army. Today, we are entering a stage where intelligence is the core driving force of change. The integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is not only an important symbol of the level of modernization of the country and the army, but also a fundamental measure to promote the modernization of national defense and the army. To accelerate the modernization of military theory, military organizational form, military personnel and weapons and equipment, we need to obtain a powerful engine and support for reform and innovation, transformation and upgrading, quality improvement and efficiency increase from the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, and in a certain sense, it plays an important role in determining the direction, mode and path of modernization. Only by accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, and making it run through all aspects of the whole process of promoting modernization, and promoting quality change, efficiency change and power change from a high starting point, can we comprehensively improve the level of national defense and military modernization.

The need to accelerate the transformation of combat effectiveness generation mode. The generation of combat effectiveness, from the combination of people and weapons to the element structure and the way of force release, has its mandatory era orientation and positioning. With the advent of the era of intelligent warfare, unmanned intelligent warfare has become a key factor affecting the direction of the war and even the outcome of the war. Intelligent technology and equipment have become a multiplier of mechanized and informationized combat effectiveness. Accelerating the development of military intelligence has become the strategic focus of improving the combat capability of the system and building new domains and new qualities of combat forces, making the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness increasingly dependent on the level of integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. Only by incorporating the transformation of combat effectiveness generation mode into the track of integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, building an intelligent and networked combat command platform, forming a human-machine efficient collaborative combat force use method, and making “smart victory” the core direction of combat theory innovation and combat method transformation, can combat effectiveness construction achieve substantial breakthroughs and overall leaps.

Grasp the requirements of the times to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

Accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is a new proposition of the times. Grasping its requirements of the times from the perspective of its essential connotation, mode of action and basic laws is an important prerequisite for ensuring that the integrated development has a clear direction, accurate positioning, clear ideas and practical measures.

Grasp the essential connotation of integrated development. Mechanization, informatization and intelligentization are integrated and developed, with mechanization as the foundation, informatization as the leading factor and intelligence as the direction. The so-called integrated development is to form an integrated and unified promotion pattern, build an integrated design, and gather the best and release the energy operation mode, and produce an overall effect of superposition aggregation and quality and efficiency doubling. This deep integrated development is mainly reflected in: taking cognitive integration as the guide, having a scientific understanding of the advantages of firepower, mobility, information power and intellectual value, and establishing the operational concept of comprehensive control, comprehensive integration and comprehensive victory; relying on platform integration, building a combat platform integrating main combat equipment, information network and artificial intelligence, and improving the comprehensive combat capability of full-domain, precise and unmanned; taking system integration as the core, through the embedded transformation of weapon equipment system and information network system by artificial intelligence system, the overall potential of combat force and combat elements is demonstrated with higher quality and level of system integration; with system integration as the support, coordinating the construction of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, coordinating the construction of combat force and support guarantee force, and creating an integrated joint combat system that adapts to the needs of actual combat.

Grasp the role of integrated development. The integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is a process of showing their strengths, interacting with each other and promoting each other. It is a process of aggregating equipment advantages, information advantages and intelligence advantages. Its role is mainly reflected in: strengthening the leading role of intelligence, focusing on accelerating the development of military intelligence, insisting on using intelligence to drive the leapfrog development of mechanization and informatization, taking intelligence as the core direction of the development of weapons and equipment and information network construction, increasing the research and development of unmanned and autonomous weapons and equipment, and improving the intelligent application, intelligent management and control, and intelligent operation level of information networks, and giving full play to the maximum effect of controlling energy with intelligence, gathering excellence with intelligence, and winning with intelligence; strengthening the leading role of informatization, grasping the information network system as a handle, accelerating the construction of command information systems and information combat systems, using the advantages of information technology to upgrade and transform existing weapons and equipment, and developing precise, intelligent, integrated, and efficient informationized weapons and equipment, and maximizing the adhesion and integration of information networks on combat systems and effectiveness; strengthening the basic role of mechanization, insisting on taking the mechanization of weapons and equipment as the material basis and carrier for the development of intelligence and informatization, strengthening the construction of weapons and equipment systems, and working hard to fill the gaps in the system and make up for the shortcomings and weaknesses, greatly improving the application level of information technology and intelligent technology in weapons and equipment, and enhancing the scientificity, pertinence, and cutting-edge nature of equipment construction and development.

Grasp the basic laws of integrated development. Mechanization, informatization and intelligence are inevitably closely linked, and together they constitute the key support for the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. The basic laws of integrated development are mainly manifested in: the progressive nature of development and change, which reflects the different historical stages of the evolution of war forms, changes in combat methods, and the development of weapons and equipment in the time sequence; in terms of interaction, the former is the premise and foundation of the latter (for example, mechanization is the foundation and premise of informatization, and informatization is the foundation and premise of intelligence), and the latter is the development trend and higher potential of the former. With the long-term nature of overlapping and coexisting, the former will produce a marginal diminishing effect when it develops to a certain stage, and the latter needs to inject new momentum and vitality into it, but the latter is not a negation or end of the former, but a repositioning and orientation of the former. What needs to be achieved is the “three-in-one” inclusiveness, rather than the “three-choice” mutual exclusion. It has inclusive complementarity. Mechanization focuses on entities, informatization focuses on data, and intelligence focuses on algorithms. The stronger the foundation of the former, the greater the degree of realization of the latter; the stronger the traction of the latter, the faster the upgrading of the former. It has the empowerment of improving quality and efficiency. Weapon platforms need information networks to empower them, and weapon platforms and information networks need artificial intelligence to empower them. This is a process of optimization and upgrading, improving quality and efficiency, and achieving a new leap in combat effectiveness, quality and efficiency.

Tighten the strategic grasp to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

To accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, we should plan, act and follow the trend, focus on combat effectiveness as the only fundamental standard, continuously promote the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and realize the party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era.

We should focus on preparing for war. Wars change with the times, and victory changes with the times. We should take accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence as an important mission topic to comprehensively improve the ability to prepare for war in the new era. Focus on mission tasks, focus on the new requirements for winning modern wars, conduct in-depth research on the winning mechanism and changes in combat methods brought about by the evolution of war forms, grasp the new characteristics of the informationized and intelligent battlefield, actively explore new tactics for using and responding to intelligent weapons, and improve the informationized and intelligent combat capabilities; focus on transformation and construction, accelerate the transformation of combat effectiveness generation to informatization and intelligence, take military intelligent construction and combat as the main line, accelerate the construction of new domains and new types of combat forces, increase the training of informationized and intelligent talents, and strive to achieve the overall reshaping of combat forces and combat systems; focus on training with war, actively explore new ways of informationized and intelligent training, examine future battlefields and combat opponents from the perspective of “smart war” and “smart victory”, enhance the pertinence of mission topics and emergency response training, use intelligent technology to improve the level of science and technology training, and promote practical training to a higher quality level.

We must focus on deepening reform. Reform is a key move to strengthen the army and win the future. We must accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence as an important focus of deepening national defense and military reform. We must insist on seeking combat effectiveness from reform, focus on the prominent characteristics of the army’s lean, integrated, miniaturized, modular, and multi-functional nature in the intelligent era, design reforms with a forward-looking, innovative, and open mind, establish a smooth and efficient leadership, command, and support mechanism, further integrate force resources, streamline the construction and management mechanism, and optimize the organizational structure. Adapting to the requirements of being able to fight and win battles, we must build a strategic and campaign command system that is integrated in peacetime and wartime, operates normally, specializes in the main business, is lean and efficient, and build a joint combat force system with elite combat forces as the main body, promote the development of the force organization in the direction of enrichment, synthesis, multi-functionality, and flexibility, implement modular organization, building block combination, and task-based joint, build a force with multiple capabilities and broad adaptability, and promote the overall leap in combat effectiveness through system structure optimization and reconstruction.

We should stick to the support point of innovation-driven development. Innovation is the core support for the development of combat effectiveness. We should accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence as the focus of implementing the innovation-driven development strategy. We should seek breakthroughs in the innovation of combat theory, closely follow the development trend of military revolution and the recent wars in the world, study the development and application of high-tech, especially intelligent technology and its impact on war, study the new characteristics, new styles and new mechanisms of intelligent warfare, study the winning strategies of intelligent warfare and combat, and accelerate the construction of a combat theory system with the characteristics of our army and in line with the laws of modern warfare. We should seek breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation, focus on independent innovation and original innovation in national defense science and technology, take the military application of high-tech, especially artificial intelligence technology, as the main direction, accelerate the implementation of major strategic projects in national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment, accelerate the development of strategic, cutting-edge and disruptive technologies, accelerate the upgrading and replacement of weapons and equipment and the development of intelligent weapons and equipment, strive to achieve the transformation from following and running side by side to running side by side and leading, and provide stronger scientific and technological support for the transformation and construction of our army’s combat effectiveness.

(Author’s unit: Joint Operations College of National Defense University)

現代國語：

黨的十九屆五中全會對國防和軍隊建設作出新的全面部署，著眼實現建軍百年奮鬥目標，明確提出加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展的時代要求和戰略舉措。奮進新征程，聚力加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，搶抓機遇，應對挑戰，乘勢而上，對於加速國防和軍隊現代化、全面提高新時代備戰打仗能力具有極其重要的意義。

認清加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展的時代必然性

順勢者贏，駕馭者勝。目前，新一輪科技革命呈現智慧化技術強勁引領的態勢，推動世界新軍事革命向縱深發展，武器裝備智慧化趨勢明顯、與機械化資訊化的疊加聚合效應凸顯，戰爭形態在加速由機械化向訊息化演變中，進入到催生智慧化戰爭階段。正是時代發展與變革，使加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，成為推動軍事變革深入發展的大勢所趨和強大動力，成為確保贏得主動、贏得優勢、贏得未來的必然選擇。

順應世界軍事革命潮流之需。目前，人工智慧技術正在高速發展，正日益對戰爭和作戰領域產生顛覆性影響。搶佔人工智慧戰略制高點，加速人工智慧軍事化實戰化發展，成為世界主要國家軍事競爭的戰略前線。加大人工智慧技術軍事應用的力度，實現對機械化、資訊化作戰裝備的深度改造、全面升級，把人工智慧系統嵌入資訊化作戰指揮鏈、行動鏈，透過智慧化改造使作戰力量編成更加模組化、一體化，是世界軍事大國謀求新的軍事優勢的通行做法。能否加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，特別是充分釋放智慧化對機械化、資訊化的效能拓展，讓平台作戰、體係作戰、精準作戰獲得更高質高效的智慧化支撐，無疑是能否牢牢把握軍事競爭戰略主動權的一個關鍵。

全面提升現代化建設水準之需。現代化有著鮮明的時代性，時代要求是衡量一個國家、一支軍隊現代化程度的關鍵尺度。當今時代，正進入到以智慧化為核心變革動力的階段，機械化資訊化智能化的融合發展，既是國家和軍隊現代化水平的重要標誌，也是推進國防和軍隊現代化的根本性舉措。加速軍事理論、軍隊組織形態、軍事人員和武器裝備現代化，都需從機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展中，獲得變革創新、轉型升級、提質增效的強力引擎和支撐，並在一定意義上起著決定現代化建設發展方向、發展方式、發展路徑的重要角色。只有加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，使之貫穿到推動現代化建設的全過程各環節，在高起點上推動品質變革、效率變革、動力變革，才能全面提升國防與軍事現代化建設水準。

加快轉變戰鬥力生成模式之需。戰鬥力的生成，從人與武器的結合到要素結構、力量釋放方式，都有其強制性的時代定向、定位。智慧化戰爭時代的到來，無人智慧化作戰成為影響戰局走向乃至戰爭勝負的關鍵要素，智慧化技術裝備成為機械化、資訊化作戰效能的倍增器，加速軍事智慧化發展成為提升體係作戰能力、打造新域新質作戰力量的戰略重心，使戰鬥力的生成與提升愈來愈取決於機械化資訊化智慧化的融合發展水準。只有把轉變戰鬥力生成模式納入機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的軌道，建構智慧化網路化的作戰指揮平台，形成人機高效協同的作戰力量運用方式，讓「智勝」成為作戰理論創新、作戰方式變革的核心指向，才能使戰鬥力建設取得實質突破、實現整體性躍升。

掌握加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的時代要求

加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展是一個全新的時代命題，從本質內涵、作用方式、基本規律上把握其時代要求，是確保融合發展方向明、定位準、思路清、舉措實的重要前提。

掌握融合發展本質內涵。機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，機械化是基礎，資訊化是主導，智能化是方向。所謂融合發展，就是形成融為一體、合而為一的推進格局，建構一體設計、聚優釋能的運作模式，產生疊加聚合、質效倍增的整體效應。這種深度融合發展主要體現在：以認知融合為先導，具有對火力、機動力、資訊力和智力價值優勢的科學認知，確立綜合製權、綜合整合、綜合製勝的作戰理念；以平台融合為依托，建構主戰裝備、資訊網路、人工智慧融為一體的作戰平台，提升全域化、精確化、無人化的綜合作戰能力；以系統融合為內核，透過人工智慧系統對武器裝備系統、資訊網路系統的嵌入式改造，以更高品質和水平的系統整合展現作戰力量、作戰要素的整體勢能；以體系融合為支撐，統籌機械化資訊化智能化建設，統籌作戰力量、支援保障力量建設，打造適應實戰需求的一體化聯合作戰體系。

把握融合發展作用方式。機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，是各展其長、互為作用、相互促進的過程，是聚合裝備優勢、資訊優勢、智能優勢的過程。其作用方式集中體現在：強化智能化的引領作用，聚焦加速軍事智能化發展，堅持以智能化牽引機械化、信息化跨越式發展，把智能化作為武器裝備和信息網絡建設發展的核心指向，加大研發無人化、自主化武器裝備的力度，提升資訊網路的智慧應用、智慧管控、智慧運作水平，發揮以智駕馭能、以智聚優、以智取勝的最大效應；強化資訊化的主導作用，扭住資訊網路體系這個抓手，加快指揮資訊系統、資訊作戰系統建設，運用資訊科技優勢升級改造現有武器裝備，開發精確、智慧、融通、高效的資訊化武器裝備，最大限度地發揮資訊網路對作戰體系與效能的黏合力、整合力；強化機械化的基礎作用，堅持將武器裝備機械化作為智慧化、資訊化發展的物質基礎與載體，加強武器裝備體系建設，在填補體系空白、補齊短板弱項上下功夫，大幅提升武器裝備的資訊科技、智慧技術應用水平，增強裝備建設發展的科學性、針對性、前沿性。

把握融合發展基本法則。機械化資訊化智能化之間有著必然的內在的緊密聯繫，共同構成戰鬥力生成和提升的關鍵支撐。其融合發展的基本法則主要表現在：具有發展變革的遞進性，在展開時序上，反映了戰爭形態演進、作戰方式變革、武器裝備發展的不同歷史階段；在相互作用上，前者是後者的前提和基礎（例如機械化是資訊化的基礎和前提，資訊化是智慧化的基礎和前提），後者是前者的發展趨向和更高位能。具有交疊並存的長期性，前者發展到某一階段會產生邊際遞減效應，需要後者為其註入新動能、新活力，但後者不是對前者的否定和終結，而是對前者的重新定位和定向，所要達成的是「三合一」式的兼容並蓄，而不是「三選一」式的互斥排他。具有相容且蓄的互補性，機械化以實體為重心，資訊化以數據為重心，智能化以演算法為重心，前者的基礎越牢，後者的實現程度就越大；後者的牽引作用越強，前者的升級換代就越快。具有提質增效的賦能性，武器平台需要資訊網路為其賦能，武器平台、資訊網路需要人工智慧為其賦能，這是優化升級、提質增效的過程，是實現戰鬥力品質效能新躍升的過程。

緊扭加快機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的策略性抓手

加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，應因勢而謀、應勢而動、順勢而為，緊緊圍繞以戰鬥力這個唯一的根本標準，不斷推進國防和軍隊現代化建設，實現黨在新時代的強軍目標。

扭住備戰打仗這個聚焦點。戰爭因時而化，勝戰據時而變。要把加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，作為全面提升新時代備戰打仗能力的重要使命課題。聚焦使命任務，著眼打贏現代化戰爭的新要求，深入研究戰爭形態演變帶來的致勝機理、作戰方式之變，掌握資訊化智能化戰場的新特點，積極探索運用與應對智慧武器的新戰法，提升資訊化智慧化作戰能力；聚焦轉型建設，加速推進戰鬥力生成向資訊化、智慧化轉型，以軍事智慧化建設與作戰為主線，加速新域新質作戰力量建設，加大資訊化智慧化人才的培養力度，著力實現作戰力量、作戰體系的整體重塑；聚焦以戰領訓，積極探索資訊化智慧化訓練的新路子，從「智戰」「智勝」視角審視未來戰場、作戰對手，增強使命課題、應急應戰訓練的針對性，運用智能技術提昇科技興訓水平，推動實戰化訓練向更高質量水平發展。

扭住深化改革這個著力點。改革是強軍興軍、制勝未來的關鍵一招。要把加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，作為深化國防和軍事改革的重要著力點。堅持向改革要戰力，著眼智慧時代軍隊精幹化、一體化、小型化、模組化、多能化的突出特徵，以前瞻、創新、開放的思路設計改革，建立順暢高效的領導、指揮、保障機制，進一步整合力量資源、理順建管機制、優化編成結構。適應能打仗、打勝仗的要求，建構平戰一體、常態運作、專司主營、精幹高效的戰略戰役指揮體系，建構以精銳作戰力量為主體的聯合作戰力量體系，推動部隊編成向充實、合成、多能、靈活方向發展，實行模組化編組、積木式組合、任務式聯合，打造具備多種能力和廣泛適應性的部隊，透過體系結構優化再造促進戰鬥力整體躍升。

扭住創新驅動這個支撐點。創新是戰鬥力建設發展的核心支撐力。要把加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，作為實施創新驅動發展策略的重心。在作戰理論創新上求突破，密切追蹤軍事革命發展趨勢和近期世界發生的戰爭，研究高新技術特別是智慧化技術發展運用及對戰爭的影響，研究智能化作戰的新特徵、新樣式、新機理，研究智慧化戰爭與作戰的致勝方略，加速建構具有我軍特色、符合現代戰爭規律的作戰理論體系。在科技創新上求突破，聚力國防科技自主創新、原始創新，把高新技術特別是人工智慧技術的軍事應用作為主攻方向，加速實施國防科技與武器裝備重大戰略工程，加速戰略性前沿性顛覆性技術發展，加速武器裝備升級換代和智慧化武器裝備發展，奮力實現由跟跑並跑向並跑領跑的轉變，為我軍戰鬥力轉型建設提供更強勁的科技支撐。

（作者單位：國防大學聯合作戰學院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/gfbmap/content/2020-11/25/content_276619888.htm

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Chinese Military Focusing on Essential Characteristics of Integrated Development of Mechanization, Informatization and Intelligentization

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現代英語：

Source: Liberation Army News Author: Yuan Yi, Xu Jinhua, Li Zhifei Editor-in-charge: Wang Feng 2020-12-01 10:xx:xx

introduction

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, while emphasizing the need to accelerate the modernization of national defense and the armed forces and achieve the unity of enriching the country and strengthening the military, pointed out the need to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence (hereinafter referred to as the “three modernizations”), thereby raising the requirements for the integrated development of the “three modernizations” to a strategic level. We must conscientiously implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, carry out scientific strategic positioning, strategic planning, and strategic deployment for the integrated development of the “three modernizations”, and vigorously promote the integrated development of the “three modernizations” to expand in depth and breadth. We must accurately grasp the essential connotation of the integrated development of the “three modernizations”.

The era background of the integrated development of the “three transformations”

The parallel advancement, mutual promotion and integrated development of the “three transformations” have profound historical inevitability and are the only way for our military to modernize national defense and the armed forces in the future.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” is in line with the concept of mechanization and informatization. Since the late 1990s, our army has promptly proposed to promote the integrated development of mechanization and informatization. At that time, the war situation was changing from mechanization to informatization. National defense and military construction must take the path of leapfrog development. There is no need to wait until the entire process of mechanization construction of the military of developed countries is completed before engaging in informatization. We should strive to promote the integrated development of mechanization and informatization. We must strive to leapfrog certain stages of mechanization development, and at the same time learn from the mistakes and lessons of mechanization and informatization construction of the military of developed countries, and take as few detours as possible. The experience and lessons learned from the integrated development of national defense and military mechanization and informatization provide valuable experience for how to coordinate the integrated development of the “three transformations” at this stage.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” reflects the reality of the current “multiple forms of warfare”. In today’s world, a new wave of military revolution characterized by military intelligence is sweeping across the world, and the armies of major countries in the world are striding towards the threshold of intelligence. However, due to the imbalance in the development of scientific and technological levels and military strength among countries in the world, several local wars and armed conflicts in the world have shown the characteristics of “multiple forms of warfare” of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence. In the Syrian War, low-end, cheap civilian pickup trucks danced with high-end, expensive stealth aircraft, crudely made homemade rockets and high-precision cruise missiles flew together, and the highly informationized and intelligent U.S. and Russian armies, the highly mechanized Syrian and Turkish armies, and the opposition with a very low mechanization level, jointly performed an alternative “hybrid war” on the Syrian battlefield, in which mechanized warfare, informationized warfare, and elementary intelligent warfare overlapped with each other.

The integrated development of the “three modernizations” is in line with the stage characteristics of the current national social and economic development. my country’s path to modernization is very different from that of Western developed countries. Western developed countries have a “serial” development process, with industrialization, urbanization, agricultural modernization, and informatization developing in sequence, and it took more than 200 years to develop to the current level. my country’s development must be a “parallel” process, with industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization developing in an overlapping manner. The national social and economic foundation is the basic support for national defense and military construction. It is precisely the “parallel” development characteristics of my country’s current social economy that determine that national defense and military construction must adopt the “three modernizations” integrated development mode.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” is adapted to the current level of development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence in the military. After long-term efforts, our military has basically achieved mechanization, and has made significant progress in informatization construction, but is also facing opportunities and challenges of intelligence. The special national and military conditions make it impossible and impossible for our military to copy the development path of the Western developed countries represented by the US military. “Step-by-step” development may lead to the loss of the historical opportunity of promoting intelligence to accelerate the completion of mechanization and informatization, and leading and promoting the development of mechanization and informatization to a higher stage.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that “we should accelerate the development of intelligent military and improve the joint combat capability and all-domain combat capability based on the network information system”, “basically realize mechanization by 2020, make significant progress in informatization construction, and greatly enhance strategic capabilities”, and “strive to basically realize the modernization of national defense and the army by 2035, and build the people’s army into a world-class army in an all-round way by the middle of this century.” On the eve of the August 1st Army Day this year, President Xi Jinping proposed the strategic idea of ​​”accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence” when presiding over the 22nd collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on strengthening national defense and military modernization. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee further emphasized and deployed this, and incorporated it into the 14th Five-Year Plan and the 2035 Vision Goals for implementation, marking that the requirements for the integrated development of the “three transformations” have been elevated to a strategic level and have become an important guiding ideology for leading national defense and military construction.

The essential connotation of the integrated development of the “three transformations”

The “integration” in the “three transformations” does not mean mixing, combining or compounding. The word “integration” in the physical sense means melting or melting into one; in the psychological sense, it means that after a certain collision or contact, different individuals or groups tend to merge into one in terms of cognition, emotion or attitude. The integrated development of the “three transformations” in national defense and military construction refers to the coordinated mutual tolerance, mutual penetration and mutual promotion of mechanization, informationization and intelligence, from “you are you and I am me” to “you have me and I have you”, and then to “you are me and I am you”, reaching the level of perfect integration and unity, and thus producing a superposition effect, aggregation effect and multiplication effect, and realizing a leap in the overall combat capability.

The basic laws and main characteristics of the integrated development of the “three transformations”. The main ones are: First, the “three transformations” are progressive and orderly dependent. From a chronological perspective, the “three transformations” did not originate at the same time. Without the previous “transformation” as a premise, foundation and input, there would be no occurrence and development of the latter “transformation”. The previous “transformation” provides an important material basis for the latter “transformation”. Second, the “three transformations” overlap and penetrate each other. Informatization is not the end of mechanization. There is still a certain degree of mechanization in the process of informatization. Intelligence is not the end of mechanization and informatization. There is still a certain degree of informatization and mechanization in the process of intelligence. Third, intelligence and informatization can enhance the efficiency of mechanization through virtual control. The “real” here mainly refers to the hardware represented by physical entities such as combat platforms and ammunition, and the “virtual” mainly refers to software with combat data, algorithms, etc. as the core. Mechanization is mainly based on hardware construction, while informatization and intelligence are mainly based on software construction. “Software defines everything”, and hardware is optimized, upgraded, empowered and made more efficient through software. With the in-depth development of the integration of the “three transformations”, the construction priority will be that load will surpass platform, software will surpass load, and algorithm will surpass software.

The internal mechanism and driving mechanism of the integrated development of the “three transformations”. The main ones are: First, the superposition of advantages. Practice has proved that no matter whether it is mechanization, informatization or intelligence, the supporting technology group of each “transformation” will give birth to new weapons and equipment, generate new combat forces, and ultimately form new combat capabilities with different combat mechanisms. These new combat capabilities and the original combat capabilities are combined with advantages to produce a system outflow effect and greatly enhance the overall combat capability of the army.

The second is upgrading and expansion. Informatization aggregates and upgrades mechanized combat systems into informationized combat systems through digital transformation and networking of various mechanized combat platforms, making a qualitative leap in combat effectiveness. Intelligence can also be integrated with mechanization and informatization through upgrading and expansion. On the one hand, intelligent technology is used to upgrade the “brain” of the combat platform – the control system, and promote the control mode of unmanned combat platforms such as drones, unmanned boats, and unmanned ground vehicles, in accordance with the human direct operation mode, human assistance mode, human authorization mode, fully autonomous mode, and machine adaptive mode. After some old combat platforms are upgraded through informatization and intelligent transformation, they can also realize remote control operation and cooperate with manned platforms. On the other hand, the use of intelligent technology to optimize and upgrade the informationized combat system has greatly enhanced its capabilities in information acquisition, transmission, processing, sharing, security and other aspects, and the system’s combat capability has been comprehensively improved again.

The third is to make up for shortcomings and replace them. From the history of military construction, in the process of deepening development of a certain “ization”, bottleneck problems that are difficult to solve by relying solely on its own technical system often appear, and other “ization” technical means and development ideas are urgently needed to find a new way to solve them. At present, machinery is becoming more and more sophisticated and complex, and the difficulty of design and control is increasing; informatization leads to “information explosion”, massive data is generated, rapidly diffused, true and false are mixed, and it is increasingly difficult to quickly transform into useful information. These problems are difficult to be effectively solved within the technical system of mechanization and informatization itself. To break through the bottleneck of mechanical control capabilities and information processing capabilities, the use of intelligent technical means is an important option. Conversely, the technological breakthroughs and applications produced by the previous “ization” may also offset the shortcomings of the latter “ization”. For example, the speed of hypersonic missiles can exceed the reaction capability of the informationized defense combat system and achieve rapid penetration; high-energy microwave weapons can directly destroy networks and electronic equipment, etc., which to a certain extent offset the opponent’s information advantage.

現代國語：

來源：解放軍報 作者：袁藝 徐金華 李志飛 責任編輯：王鳳 2020-12-01 10:xx:xx
引 言

黨的十九屆五中全會在強調加速國防和軍隊現代化，實現富國和強軍相統一時指出，加快機械化資訊化智能化（以下簡稱「三化」）融合發展，從而把「三化」融合發展要求提升到了戰略全局高度。認真貫徹落實十九屆五中全會精神，對「三化」融合發展進行科學的戰略定位、戰略規劃和戰略部署，大力推動「三化」融合發展向深度廣度拓展，要準確把握好「三化」融合發展的本質內涵。

「三化」融合發展的時代背景

「三化」並行推進、互促共生、一體發展，具有深刻的歷史必然性，是我軍未來一段時期國防和軍隊現代化建設的必經之路。

「三化」融合發展與機械化資訊化複合發展概念一脈相承。自上世紀90年代末期以來，我軍及時提出推動機械化資訊化複合發展。當時，戰爭形態正由機械化轉變為資訊化。國防和軍隊建設必須走跨越式發展的道路，沒有必要等到走完發達國家軍隊機械化建設的全部過程再來搞資訊化，應該努力推進機械化和資訊化的複合發展。既要努力跨越機械化發展的某些階段，同時還要吸取發達國家軍隊機械化和資訊化建設失誤教訓，盡可能少走彎路。國防與軍隊機械化資訊化復合發展的經驗教訓，為如何統籌現階段「三化」融合發展提供了寶貴經驗。

「三化」融合發展反映了當前戰爭形態「多態並存」的現實狀況。當今世界，以軍事智能化為特徵的新一輪軍事革命浪潮撲面而來，世界主要國家軍隊正大步向智能化的門檻邁進，但由於世界各國科技水平和軍事實力發展的不平衡，使得在幾次世界局部戰爭與武裝沖突中，呈現出機械化資訊化智慧化戰爭「多態並存」的特點。敘利亞戰爭中，低端廉價的民用皮卡與高端昂貴的隱身飛機共舞，粗製濫造的土製火箭與高精度的巡航導彈齊飛，高度信息化並向智能化邁進的美軍、俄軍，較高機械化程度的敘軍、土軍，以及機械化程度很低的反對派，在敘利亞戰場共同演繹了機械化戰爭、資訊化戰爭和初級智能化戰爭三種戰爭形態相互交疊的另類「混合戰爭」。

「三化」融合發展符合當前國家社會經濟發展的階段性特徵。我國實現現代化之路同西方發達國家有很大不同。西方發達國家是一個「串聯式」的發展過程，工業化、城鎮化、農業現代化、資訊化順序發展，發展到目前水準花了二百多年時間。我國發展必然是一個「並聯式」的過程，工業化、資訊化、城鎮化、農業現代化是疊加發展的。國家社會經濟基礎是國防和軍隊建設的基本依托，正是當前我國社會經濟的「並聯式」發展特點，決定了國防和軍隊建設必然採取「三化」融合發展方式。

「三化」融合發展適應了當前軍隊機械化資訊化智慧化發展水準。經過長期努力，當前我軍基本上實現機械化，資訊化建設取得重大進展，又面臨智慧化的機會與挑戰。特殊的國情軍情，使得我軍不可能也不會複製以美軍為代表的西方發達國家軍隊的發展路徑。 「按部就班」式發展可能導致錯失智能化促進加速完成機械化資訊化、並引領和推動機械化資訊化向更高階段發展的歷史機遇。

黨的十九大報告指出，「加速軍事智能化發展，提高基於網絡資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全局作戰能力」「到二○二○年基本實現機械化，資訊化建設取得重大進展，戰略能力有大的提升」「力爭二○三五年基本實現國防和軍隊現代化，到本世紀中葉把人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊」。今年八一建軍節前夕，習主席在主持中共中央政治局就加強國防和軍隊現代化建設舉行的第二十二次集體學習時，提出「加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展」這一戰略思想，黨的十九屆五中全會對此做了進一步強調部署，並納入十四五規劃和二○三五年遠景目標中加以落實，標誌著「三化」融合發展要求提升到了戰略全局高度，成為引領國防和軍隊建設的重要指導思想。

「三化」融合發展的本質內涵

「三化」融合中的「融合」不等於混合、化合或複合。 「融合」一詞，物理意義上是指熔成或如熔化那樣融成一體；心理意義上是指不同個體或不同群體在一定的碰撞或接觸之後，認知、情感或態度傾向融為一體。國防與軍隊建設中的「三化」融合發展，則是指統籌協調機械化資訊化智慧化相互包容、相互滲透、相互促進，從「你是你、我是我」變成「你中有我、我中有你”，進而變成“你就是我，我就是你”，達到水乳交融、合而為一的程度，並由此產生疊加效應、聚合效應和倍增效應，實現整體戰鬥力質的躍升。

「三化」融合發展的基本規律與主要特點。主要有：一是「三化」逐次遞進有序依存。從時序上看，“三化”不是同時起源的，沒有前一“化”作為前提、基礎和輸入，就沒有後一“化”的發生和發展，前一“化”為後一“化”提供了重要的物質基礎。二是「三化」相互交疊相互滲透。資訊化不是機械化的終結，資訊化過程中還有一定的機械化，智慧化也不是機械化、資訊化的終結，智慧化過程中還有一定的資訊化、機械化。三是智慧化資訊化對機械化以虛控實賦能增效。這裡所說的「實」主要是指以作戰平台、彈藥等物理實體為代表的硬件，「虛」主要是指以作戰數據、演算法等為核心的軟件。機械化以硬體建設為主，資訊化和智能化則以軟件建設為主，“軟件定義一切”，通過軟件對硬體進行優化升級和賦能增效。隨著「三化」融合的深入發展，在建設優先級上，將會是載荷超越平台、軟件超越載荷、演算法超越軟件。

「三化」融合發展的內在機理與驅動機制。主要有：一是優勢疊加。實踐證明，不管是機械化、資訊化或智慧化，每一「化」的支撐技術群都會催生出新型武器裝備，產生新型作戰力量，最終形成不同作戰機理的新質作戰能力。這些新質作戰能力與原有作戰能力綜合運用優勢疊加，能夠產生系統湧現效應，極大提升軍隊整體作戰能力。

二是升級拓展。資訊化透過對各類機械化作戰平台進行數字化改造和網絡化鏈接，將機械化作戰體系聚合升級為信息化作戰體系，使得戰鬥力產生質的飛躍。智能化也可透過升級拓展方式，與機械化、資訊化融為一體。一方面，運用智慧技術升級作戰平台的「大腦」──操控系統，推動無人機、無人艇、無人地面車輛等無人化作戰平台的控制方式，依照人類直接操作模式、人類協助模式、人類授權模式、完全自主模式、機器自適應模式的逐次遞進方式升級。一些老舊作戰平台進行資訊化智慧化改造升級後，也可以實現遙控操作並與有人平台協同作戰。另一方面，運用智慧技術優化升級資訊化作戰體系，使其資訊取得、傳輸、處理、分享、安全等各個環節能力都大幅增強，體係作戰能力再次全面提升。

三是補短替代。從軍隊建設歷史來看，某一「化」在深化發展過程中，往往會出現僅靠自身技術體系難以解決的瓶頸問題，迫切需要其他「化」的技術手段和發展思維另闢蹊徑來加以解決。當前，機械越來越精密復雜，設計和控制難度越來越大；信息化導致“信息爆炸”，海量數據產生、急劇擴散、真假混雜，快速轉化為有用信息的難度越來越大，這些問題在機械化、資訊化自身技術體系內難以有效解決。要突破機械操控能力、資訊處理能力瓶頸，運用智慧化的技術手段是重要選項。反過來說，前一「化」產生的技術突破及應用也可能抵消後一「化」的不​​足。如高超聲速導彈速度可以超出資訊化防禦作戰體系的反應能力實現快速突防，高能量微波武器可直接破壞網絡和電子設備等，這都在一定程度上抵消了對手的信息優勢。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4874873888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Infratsructure, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

China’s Prosperity and Economic Development Support a Strong Chinese Military Culture that Wins Battles

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中國的繁榮與經濟發展支撐起強大的中國軍事文化

現代英語：

A strong military culture is the internal guarantee for the People’s Army to be invincible, victorious in all battles, and to continue to grow and develop. It is the spiritual fertile soil that nourishes officers and soldiers and an important factor in improving the combat effectiveness of the troops. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to “flourish and develop a strong military culture and strengthen the cultivation of fighting spirit.” For the People’s Army, to thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping’s cultural thoughts is to prosper and develop a strong military culture. Through cultural education and edification, we can cultivate the fighting spirit and heroic and tenacious fighting style of the officers and soldiers, and use advanced culture to sharpen their spirit of defeating the enemy and winning, so as to provide spiritual motivation for fighting and winning battles, and truly let the strong military culture point to winning and Win with service and win with support.

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In order to comprehensively strengthen military training and preparation and improve the people’s army’s ability to win, we must pay attention to the value function of strong military culture in educating people for war and helping to strengthen the army. The prosperity and development of a strong military culture that supports victory is not only a historical heritage and a requirement of the times, but also the call of the cause of building a strong military.

The fundamental direction of continuing the cultural tradition of our army. Culture is the root of a nation’s prosperity and an important support for the strength of an army. More than 80 years ago, Comrade Mao Zedong said at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art: “If we want to defeat the enemy, we must first rely on the army with guns in their hands. But it is not enough to have such an army. We must also have a cultural army, which is In the long-term practice of revolution, construction and reform, our army has forged the “cultural gene” of victory and the “cultural bloodline” of heroes with blood and life, nourishing generation after generation. A generation of officers and soldiers. The war culture of everything for victory contains a strong blood gene and demonstrates a clear direction of winning. In the new era and new journey, the key to extracting the essence and drawing energy from the cultural traditions of our army is to focus on sharpening the sharp sword of the officers and soldiers’ fighting spirit, continuously enhancing the officers and soldiers’ awareness of fighting for war, and constantly strengthening the spirit of being happy when hearing about war, being brave and tenacious, The martial spirit of daring to fight and winning.

An inevitable choice to adapt to the evolution of war forms. The new world military revolution is driving the evolution of warfare forms towards information warfare with intelligent characteristics, showing characteristics such as informatization of technical forms, systematization of organizational forms, and digitalization of weapons and equipment. The evolution of war forms will inevitably lead to the reshaping of military culture forms. From mechanized warfare to information-based and intelligent warfare, from “large-scale” combat and “deep” assault to “asymmetric warfare”, “non-linear warfare”, “integrated joint warfare”, and then to “multi-domain precision warfare”. “Cognitive domain warfare”, the evolution of the mechanism of winning wars has promoted corresponding changes in the military cultural form. On the new journey, our army will promote the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. We must not only accelerate the iteration and update of weapons and equipment, but also actively promote the transformation and development of military culture, and shape and embody the characteristics of the times in terms of military theory, strategy and tactics, and fighting spirit. Create a strong military culture in the new era that adapts to the development of the times and is in line with technological progress to support winning battles.

An essential requirement for the prosperity and development of a strong military culture. The fundamental function of a strong military culture is to fight, which determines that the fundamental purpose of building a strong military culture is to provide spiritual motivation for the army to fight and win. The culture of a strong military is extremely permeable and durable. The loyalty and fighting will it contains forge the spirit of the people’s army and cultivate the invincible combat effectiveness of the people’s army. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the People’s Army has been reborn from the ashes and transformed. The whole army has focused on being able to fight and win battles, and has taken the prosperity and development of a strong military culture as a powerful measure to boost combat effectiveness, which is closely integrated with the generation of combat effectiveness. Together, it is closely integrated with the main responsibilities and tasks of the military, continuously improving the contribution rate of strong military culture to combat effectiveness, and fully demonstrating the combat function of strong military culture in training and preparation for war.

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To prosper and develop a strong military culture that supports victory, we must be guided by Xi Jinping’s thoughts on strengthening the military, grasp the main thread, highlight the key points, and strive to cultivate a strong military cultural system with combat culture, joint culture, and special military culture as the main content. .

Cultivate a fighting culture that can win battles. Combat culture reflects the inherent essence of a strong military culture and determines the value positioning and value orientation of a strong military culture. Combat culture is a bloody culture that has been tempered, refined and accumulated through military struggle practice. It has a profound cultural heritage, strong combat characteristics and distinct characteristics of the times. Its value function is mainly manifested in strengthening the awareness of fighting, improving combat skills, and sharpening the fighting spirit. Spirit is an important component of combat effectiveness, the main body of the strong military cultural system, and an important magic weapon for the People’s Army to win victory. To cultivate a combat culture, we must focus on strengthening the responsibility of officers and soldiers to serve in the army, lead the army in combat, and train the army for combat, and the combat spirit of “not fearing hardship or death” and the combat quality of being brave and tenacious and daring to fight and win, and effectively raise the combat effectiveness standard As the basic focus and fundamental foothold for the prosperity and development of a strong military culture, and as the fundamental measure for testing the quality and effectiveness of building a strong military culture.

Cultivate a joint culture of winning together. In modern warfare, there is no war without integration and no victory without integration. The basic combat style is integrated joint operations. Joint culture is the sum of the joint knowledge system, values, ways of thinking and behavioral norms required to win modern warfare, and is widely permeated in the joint combat system, force structure, behavioral codes and models. It is like an invisible hand, powerfully pushing the joint combat system from “form connection” to “spiritual connection”, from “core connection” to “heart connection”. To cultivate a joint culture, we must rely on mission-driven and joint exercises and training to build a political soul for officers and soldiers to obey the Party’s command, cultivate the concept of joint victory, improve the knowledge system of joint operations, temper the thinking mode of integration and linkage, and cultivate common emotions. and values, a strong and stable collective psychological identity, and an unbreakable will to win.

Cultivate a rich and colorful military culture. When only one flower blooms it is not spring, but when a hundred flowers bloom the garden fills with spring. In the course of military practice, our army has formed distinctive military and arms cultures, including the Army’s “Armored Iron Stream” culture, the “Artillery God of War” culture, the “Army Aviation War Eagle” culture, the Navy’s “Deep Blue Culture”, the Air Force’s “Sky Culture”, and the Air Force’s “Sky Culture”. The “Eagle”, “Sky Ladder” and “Sky Arrow” cultures; the Rocket Force’s “Sword Sharpening Culture” and “Long Ribbon Culture”, and so on. The magnificent flowers of military culture not only constitute a unique spiritual symbol, but also serve as a “multiplier” for enhancing the combat effectiveness of the troops. Creating a military culture with distinctive characteristics and profound heritage does not conflict with cultivating a joint culture. The culture of each service supports the joint culture, and the joint culture realizes the organic integration of the cultures of each service. The deeper the roots of the distinctive cultures of each service are, the stronger the combat effectiveness of the joint culture will be, and the more combat-effective it will be. At the same time, we should vigorously carry out colorful military camp cultural activities, use distinctive culture to forge the military soul, gather soldiers’ hearts, and boost morale, strive to create a lively situation where everyone has a stage, and more effectively play the role of educating people with culture, Use culture to educate people and use culture to support war.

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To prosper and develop the culture of strengthening the army in the new era, we must insist on serving and winning as the fundamental direction, strengthen historical confidence, and continue the genes of victory; insist on fighting for the sake of war and strengthen combat attributes; take multiple measures, integrate innovation, and create a culture of advocating martial arts and refining martial arts. Create a strong atmosphere and use strong military culture to boost combat effectiveness.

Strengthen the winning genes of revolutionary soldiers in the new era. Culture is essentially a spiritual carrier. The fighting culture of daring to fight and winning that our army has forged in the course of more than 90 years of struggle has created a unique advantage in defeating the enemy and winning the future. On the new journey, we must vigorously carry forward the glorious traditions of the People’s Army, publicize the typical deeds of advanced heroes and combat heroes, guide officers and soldiers to draw nourishment from the revolutionary spirit, draw fighting spirit from the glorious war history, draw strength from the combat honor, and let the People’s Army’s The winning gene is passed on from generation to generation. At present, major changes in the world are accelerating, and changes in the world, the times, and history are unfolding in unprecedented ways. We must educate and guide officers and soldiers to not fear powerful enemies, recognize that upholding the Party’s absolute leadership over the army is the fundamental guarantee for our army to win battles, recognize that the overall might of the people’s war is the magic weapon for our army to defeat the enemy, and combine the fighting spirit with the scientific spirit. , continue the fine traditions of our army, and firmly establish the confidence and determination to win the battle based on the existing equipment.

Improve the combat index of strong military culture construction. President Xi pointed out: “We should combine the traditions and mission characteristics of each unit to strengthen military culture construction, build a strong military culture, and cultivate the troops’ fearless heroism and brave and tenacious fighting style.” We should fundamentally redirect military cultural work to support Fight and win the battle. We will deeply explore revolutionary historical themes, highlight the creation of realistic military themes, and always shape people with noble spirits and inspire people with excellent works. We regularly arrange literary and artistic cavalry teams, battlefield propaganda teams, battlefield photography teams, etc. to go into cold areas, deserts, plateaus, coastal defenses, border checkpoints, and squads to warm the hearts of soldiers, boost morale, and inspire fighting spirit in order to prepare for war and win. . We must insist on seeking combat effectiveness from culture, and push the focus of building a strong military culture from the barracks to the battlefield, and from peacetime to wartime. Organize wartime cultural work drills, explore the content, timing, methods and means of wartime cultural work, and provide important support for improving the combat effectiveness of the troops.

Enhance the military flavor and combat atmosphere of the military camp culture. To build a strong military culture, an important task is to create an environment with a strong military flavor and combat atmosphere, so that officers and soldiers can be influenced at all times, cultivate their fighting will and hone their fighting character in a subtle way. A strong atmosphere of training and fighting was created, battle flags were raised, battle slogans were shouted, and strong army war songs were sung. Cultural light boxes, battle slogans, hero sculptures, etc. were set up, and cultural venues reflecting the army’s war history and revolutionary spirit were built to continuously strengthen the officers and soldiers War awareness, combat readiness concept, and fighting spirit. We should carry out mass cultural activities, hold lectures on strengthening the military culture, hold forums on strengthening the military culture, organize officers and soldiers to tell battle stories and read books on combat culture, and widely carry out assassination and combat training and competitions to inspire officers and soldiers to be brave, capable and good at fighting. . Innovate ways and methods, combine contemporary elements, science and technology with culture and art, use VR, AR, MR and other technological means to create battlefield cultural simulation rooms, etc., so that officers and soldiers can experience the battlefield atmosphere “immersively” and hone their ability to win.

(Author’s unit: Army Party Innovation Theory Research Center)

現代國語：

■陳　陣

強軍文化是人民軍隊戰無不勝、攻無不克，不斷發展壯大的內在保證，是滋養官兵的精神沃土，是提高部隊戰鬥力的重要因素。黨的二十大報告強調要「繁榮發展強軍文化，強化戰鬥精神培育」。深入學習貫徹習近平文化思想，對人民軍隊而言，就是要繁榮發展強軍文化。通過文化的教化與薰陶，培育廣大官兵敢打必勝的戰鬥血性、英勇頑強的戰鬥作風，以先進文化砥礪克敵制勝精神，為能打仗、打勝仗提供精神動力，真正讓強軍文化指向打贏、服務打贏、支撐打贏。

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全面加強練兵備戰，提升人民軍隊打贏能力，必須重視發揮強軍文化為戰育人、助力強軍的價值功能。繁榮發展支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化，既是歷史傳承、時代所需，也是強軍事業的召喚。

賡續我軍文化傳統的根本指向。文化是一個民族昌盛的根脈，也是一支軍隊強大的重要支撐。 80多年前，毛澤東同志在延安文藝座談會上說：「我們要戰勝敵人，首先要依靠手裡拿槍的軍隊。但是僅僅有這種軍隊是不夠的，我們還要有文化的軍隊，這是團結自己、戰勝敵人必不可少的一支軍隊。一代官兵。一切為了勝利的勝戰文化，蘊含著強大的血性基因，彰顯著鮮明的打贏指向。新時代新征程，從我軍文化傳統中萃取精華、汲取能量，關鍵要著力擦亮官兵戰鬥精神的尖刀利劍，持續增強官兵的向戰為戰意識，不斷強化聞戰則喜、英勇頑強、敢打必勝的尚武精神。

適應戰爭形態演變的必然選擇。世界新軍事革命正推動戰爭形態朝向具有智慧化特徵的資訊化戰爭加速演進，呈現出技術形態資訊化、組織形態體系化、武器裝備數字化等特徵。戰爭形態的演變，必然引發軍事文化形態的重塑。從機械化戰爭到資訊化、智慧化戰爭，從“大兵團”作戰、“大縱深”突擊，到“非對稱作戰”“非線式作戰”“一體化聯合作戰”，再到“多域精確戰”“認知域作戰”，戰爭制勝機理的演變，推動軍事文化形態相應隨之改變。新征程上，我軍推進機械化資訊化智慧融合發展，既要加速武器裝備的迭代更新，更要積極推進軍事文化轉型發展，從軍事理論、戰略戰術、戰鬥精神等方面塑造和體現時代特質，打造與時代發展相適應、與技術進步相符的新時代支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化。

繁榮發展強軍文化的本質要求。強軍文化姓軍為戰的根本職能，決定了打造強軍文化的根本目的就是為能打仗、打勝仗提供精神動力。強軍文化具有極強的滲透性、持久性，其所蘊含的忠誠品質和鬥爭意志，鍛造著人民軍隊的精氣神，培育著人民軍隊無堅不摧的戰鬥力。黨的十八大以來，人民軍隊浴火重生、轉型重塑，全軍部隊以能打仗、打勝仗為根本著眼點，把繁榮發展強軍文化作為催生戰鬥力的有力舉措，與戰鬥力生成緊密結合在一起，與軍隊主責主業緊密結合在一起，不斷提升強軍文化對戰鬥力的貢獻率，充分彰顯了強軍文化在練兵備戰中的戰鬥功能。

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繁榮發展支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化，必須以習近平強軍思想為指導，把準主脈、突出重點，著力培塑以戰鬥文化、聯合文化、部隊特色文化等為主體內容的強軍文化體系。

培育能打勝仗的戰鬥文化。戰鬥文化反映強軍文化的內在本質，決定強軍文化的價值定位和價值取向。戰鬥文化是歷經軍事鬥爭實踐錘煉、淘洗、積蓄形成的血性文化，具有深厚的文化底蘊、強烈的戰鬥特性和鮮明的時代特徵，其價值功能主要表現為強化打仗意識、提升作戰本領、砥礪戰鬥精神，是戰鬥力的重要構成要素，是強軍文化體系的主體，是人民軍隊打贏制勝的重要法寶。培育戰鬥文化，要著力強化官兵當兵打仗、帶兵打仗、練兵打仗的責任擔當，「一不怕苦、二不怕死」的戰鬥精神和英勇頑強、敢打必勝的戰鬥品質，切實把戰鬥力標準作為繁榮發展強軍文化的基本著力點和根本落腳點，作為檢驗強軍文化建設質效的根本尺度。

培育聯合製勝的聯合文化。現代戰爭無戰不聯、無聯不勝，基本作戰樣式是一體化聯合作戰。聯合文化是基於打贏現代戰爭所具備的聯合知識體系、價值觀念、思維方式和行為規範的總和，廣泛滲透於聯合作戰體制編制、力量結構、行為準則和模式之中。它就像看不見的手，有力地推動著聯合作戰體係從“形聯”到“神聯”，從“芯聯芯”到“心連心”。培育聯合文化，要依托任務牽引與聯演聯訓，鑄牢官兵聽黨指揮的政治靈魂，培塑聯合製勝的作戰理念，完善聯合作戰的知識體系，錘煉一體聯動的思維方式，培育共同的情感和價值，強固穩定的集體心理認同，凝聚牢不可破的打贏意志。

培育豐富多彩的部隊特色文化。一花獨放不是春，百花齊放春滿園。我軍在軍事實踐中形成了各具特色的軍兵種文化，有陸軍的“裝甲鐵流”文化、“砲兵戰神”文化、“陸航戰鷹”文化，海軍的“深藍文化”，空軍的“天鷹”“天梯”“天箭”文化，火箭軍的“礪劍文化”“長纓文化”，等等。一朵朵軍兵種文化的瑰麗之花，既構成了獨特的精神標識，也成為部隊戰鬥力提升的「倍增器」。打造具有鮮明特色、底蘊深厚的軍兵種文化，與培育聯合文化並不矛盾。軍兵種文化支撐聯合文化，聯合文化實現了軍兵種文化的有機融合，軍兵種特色文化的根扎得越深，聯合文化戰鬥性就越強，就越有戰鬥力。與此同時，要大力開展多姿多彩的軍營文化活動，以特色文化鑄軍魂、聚兵心、提士氣，著力形成人人都有舞台的生動活潑局面，更有效地發揮以文育人、以文化人、以文資戰作用。

三

繁榮發展新時代強軍文化，必須堅持把服務打贏作為根本指向，堅定歷史自信，賡續勝戰基因；堅持向戰為戰，強化戰鬥屬性；多措並舉，融合創新，營造尚武精武的濃厚氛圍，切實用強軍文化催生戰鬥力。

厚植新時代革命軍人的勝戰基因。文化在本質上是一種精神承載，我軍在90多年的奮鬥歷程中鍛造形成的敢打必勝的戰鬥文化，鑄就了克敵制勝、贏得未來的特有優勢。新旅程上，我們要大力弘揚人民軍隊光榮傳統，宣傳先進英模、戰鬥英雄典型事跡，引導官兵從革命精神中汲取營養，從輝煌戰史中汲取鬥志，從戰鬥榮譽中汲取力量，讓人民軍隊的勝戰基因薪火相傳。當前，世界大變局加速演進，世界變化、時代之變、歷史變正以前所未有的方式展開。要教育引導廣大官兵不畏強敵，認清堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導是我軍能打勝仗的根本保證，認清人民戰爭的整體威力是我軍克敵制勝的法寶，把戰鬥精神與科學精神結合起來，賡續我軍優良傳統，穩固樹立立足現有裝備打贏制勝的信心決心。

提升強軍文化建設的戰鬥指數。習主席指出：「要結合各部隊傳統和任務特點，加強軍事文化建設，打造強軍文化，培養部隊大無畏的英雄氣概和英勇頑強的戰鬥作風。」要把軍事文化工作根本指向歸正到支撐能打仗、打勝仗上。深入探討革命歷史題材，突顯現實軍事題材創作，始終以高貴的精神塑造人、以優秀的作品鼓舞人心。常態安排文藝輕騎隊、戰地宣傳隊、戰地攝影隊等進寒區、入戈壁、上高原、下海防、走邊關、進班排，為練兵備戰、矢志打贏溫暖兵心、鼓舞士氣、激發鬥志。堅持向文化要戰鬥力，推動強軍文化建設重心從營區延伸至戰場、從平時拓展到戰時。組織戰時文化工作演練，探索戰時文化工作的內容、時機和方式手段，為提升部隊戰鬥力提供重要支撐。

增強軍營文化氛圍的兵味戰味。打造強軍文化，一項重要任務是營造兵味戰味濃厚的環境氛圍，使官兵時時受到薰陶，在潛移默化中培養戰鬥意志、砥礪戰鬥品格。濃厚練兵打仗氛圍，把戰鬥旗幟揚起來、戰鬥口號喊起來、強軍戰歌唱起來，設置文化燈箱、戰鬥標語、英模雕塑等，修建反映部隊戰史戰例、革命精神的文化場所，不斷強化廣大官兵戰爭意識、戰備觀念、戰鬥精神。抓好群眾性文化活動，開設強軍文化講座，舉辦強軍文化論壇，組織官兵講戰鬥故事、讀戰鬥文化書籍，廣泛開展刺殺格鬥訓練和比武競賽活動，激發官兵敢戰能戰善戰的血性膽氣。創新方式方法，將時代元素、科學技術與文化藝術結合起來，運用VR、AR、MR等科技手段，打造戰場文化模擬室等，讓官兵「身臨其境」感受戰場氛圍、錘煉打贏能力。

（作者單位：陸軍黨的創新理論研究中心）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16279540888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Fully recognize the role of big data in China’s national defense and military modernization – He who has the data wins

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充分認識大數據在國防和軍事現代化建設中的作用——擁有數據誰就贏

現代英語：

●With the advent of the big data era, military data is becoming an important strategic resource. The mining and utilization of big data will be an important foundation for future intelligent warfare.

●The core of the military management revolution is efficiency, and the key to improving efficiency lies in leveraging the driving role of data.

● Scientific research informatization, with data co-construction, sharing and use as its core, is profoundly changing the demand generation, research model and working mechanism of scientific research, and has become an important force in promoting scientific and technological innovation.

The 19th CPC National Congress issued a mobilization order to comprehensively promote the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and put forward clear requirements to adapt to the development trend of the new military revolution in the world. The essential characteristics of this new military revolution are digitization, networking and intelligence. It can be seen that data is being fully integrated into the military field, becoming the driving force of military scientific research, the core element of construction management, and an important resource for winning wars.

Not long ago, President Xi Jinping stressed at the second collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we should assess the situation, plan carefully, make forward-looking arrangements, and strive to take the initiative to promote the implementation of the national big data strategy and accelerate the construction of a digital China. To conduct big data research, we should first grasp the requirements of the times and fully recognize the status and role of big data in the modernization of national defense and the military.

Military data is the “golden key” to open the door to future victory

The 19th CPC National Congress emphasized the need to “accelerate the development of intelligent military operations.” At present, the war situation is accelerating its transformation toward informatization and intelligence. The important foundation of intelligence is the mining and utilization of big data. Military data plays an irreplaceable and key role in winning future wars.

Data is the core of the transformation of combat styles. With the advent of the big data era, military data is becoming an important strategic resource. “Data warfare” is gradually emerging as a brand-new combat style. This will be a brand-new combat with data attack and protection as the basic means. The two enemies are engaged in a fierce competition on the “new data battlefield” around seizing “data control rights” and aiming at “data dividends”. By plundering, damaging and destroying the enemy’s data resources, they establish their own data advantages, quickly reach combat decisions and action advantages, and transform them into combat victories in a timely manner. “He who gets the data gets the world”, and in the future “he who makes good use of data wins the war” will become the basic law of winning on the battlefield. At present, countries around the world are taking strong measures to accelerate the construction, protection and use of military data. For example, the United States has included big data in its “Third Offset Strategy” and vigorously integrated its global data centers to support the transformation of combat patterns with data and to consolidate its global combat advantages. On April 26, 2017, the U.S. Department of Defense established the “Algorithmic Warfare Cross-Functional Group” and officially launched the concept research of “algorithmic warfare” to vigorously promote the application of big data-related technologies in future intelligent warfare. The U.S. think tank “New American Security Center” released a report in December 2017 stating that the U.S. Department of Defense placed algorithms on the same level of importance as weapons and ammunition, and used them as an important criterion for measuring the strength of the U.S. military.

Data is the lifeblood of joint combat command. The key to achieving joint combat lies in whether data can flow efficiently, be analyzed and integrated efficiently. Opening up the sharing channel of joint combat data, accelerating the joint command based on data flow, and promoting the interconnection, data sharing and comprehensive integration of different combat units and combat elements can effectively eliminate the cognitive limitations of commanders, make the battlefield clear and transparent, and make command precise and efficient. Only by operating in the data and winning on the data can we truly realize the intelligent, real-time and precise command decisions. At present, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of the United States has listed “from data to decision” as its top priority development direction to cope with information data overload, improve the level of intelligent and automated data analysis, and significantly shorten the command decision cycle. For example, the “Insight” project it established quickly processes massive amounts of complex data from different sensors and integrates them into a battlefield situation map, helping commanders to efficiently analyze combat intelligence and target data, providing effective support for joint combat decision-making.

Data is the cornerstone of building an intelligent battlefield. The battlefield of the future will be highly intelligent, with weapons and equipment, support systems, battlefield communication and information systems, etc., and data is an important foundation for intelligence. Weapon platforms, firepower systems, information systems and even combat personnel are integrated through big data and machine learning technology to form a highly intelligent combat system. Based on big data technology, unmanned systems will become an important combat force in the future; autonomous perception, autonomous analysis, autonomous decision-making, and autonomous strikes based on data will replace energy mobility with information mobility and become the key factor for victory; through the mining and utilization of massive data, the efficiency and intelligence level of battlefield support will be greatly improved. The “Third Offset Strategy” currently being implemented by the U.S. military proposes to focus on the development of key technical fields such as machine learning, human-machine collaboration, human combat action assistance systems, and advanced manned/unmanned combat formations. All of these are centered on big data and artificial intelligence technologies and aim to enhance the intelligence level of weapons and equipment and information systems.

Military data is an important core to stimulate the revolution of military management

The report of the 19th CPC National Congress proposed to “advance the revolution in military management, improve and develop the socialist military system with Chinese characteristics.” With the continuous improvement of human social productivity and scientific and technological levels, the ideas, systems, mechanisms, methods and means of military management will inevitably change. Every epoch-making innovation in science and technology and production methods, and every profound change in military organization and military theory will give birth to and trigger a corresponding revolution in military management. In the information age, the core of the military management revolution is efficiency. The key to improving efficiency lies in giving play to the driving role of data and focusing on improving the professionalization, refinement and scientificization of military management.

Data drives the change of military management concepts. The military management revolution emphasized by President Xi Jinping is primarily about establishing modern management concepts. Both Deming, the master of quality management, and Drucker, the father of modern scientific management, have said: “You can’t manage without quantification.” Data is the foundation of modern management concepts and the foundation for achieving fine management. The use of data analysis can accurately identify military management problems and provide a basis for reforming the military management system and improving the effectiveness of military management. Decisions based on experience will be increasingly replaced by full-sample decisions based on big data. Only by firmly establishing the management concept of “speaking with data, making decisions with data, managing with data, and innovating with data” can we effectively promote the military management revolution with efficiency as the core.

Data drives the modernization of the military organization. The report of the 19th CPC National Congress proposed to “advance the modernization of the military organization in an all-round way”. In the era of big data, the military organization is gradually changing from a linear mode dominated by processes to a flat network mode centered on data, showing characteristics such as multi-subject coordination, multi-process penetration, and high-frequency information interaction. Using data flow to lead the integrated development of information flow and resource flow, and realizing the transformation of the military organization from a “tree-like” to a “network-like” form, can promote the optimization of the design of military organizations, the efficiency of command processes, and the scientific allocation of power and responsibility. For example, the information system developed by the United States in accordance with the unified requirements of the Department of Defense system structure framework collects and analyzes relevant data in real time, and optimizes management processes through relationships such as data and capabilities, thereby ensuring the orderly operation of the Department of Defense.

Data drives the transformation of military management methods. President Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed the need to improve the level of professional, refined, and scientific management of the military. Under the new military construction and management system, the CMC has established 15 departments, and the requirements for management decisions are getting higher and higher. There is an urgent need to integrate military data at all levels, both macro and micro, and to dynamically display the military management process, elements, and links in a panoramic manner. By analyzing the trends of data and information flows, continuously optimizing the management system and operating mechanism, and promoting the transformation of military management from an “art” based on experience to a “science” based on data, it will provide new ideas, methods, and paths for effectively handling complex and large-scale system problems in military management, and will greatly improve the effectiveness of military management.

Military data is a strong support for military scientific research and innovation

President Xi Jinping stressed the need to closely integrate military theory with military technology and innovate the military scientific research work model. At present, scientific research informatization with data co-construction, sharing and use as the core is profoundly changing the demand generation, research model and work mechanism of scientific research, and has become an important force in promoting scientific and technological innovation. In the military field, data research will also play an increasingly important role.

Leading the direction of military scientific research. At present, the pertinence and scientific nature of our military scientific research projects need to be improved. Using big data technology to integrate and mine various information data at home and abroad, inside and outside the military, can not only timely discover our shortcomings and weaknesses, but also comprehensively perceive and analyze the current status of military science and technology development in major countries, quickly capture research hotspots, predict development trends, identify potential disruptive technologies and fog traps, provide guidance for scientific project establishment, and promote major changes in the military scientific research demand generation model. For example, the “Technology Tracking and Horizon Scanning” project implemented by the Office of Technical Intelligence of the U.S. Department of Defense in 2011 uses big data technology to comprehensively perceive and deeply analyze global scientific and technological activities, analyze advantages and gaps, and thus guide future scientific research directions and priorities.

Transform the military research paradigm. In 2007, Jim Gray, winner of the Computer Turing Award, proposed that human scientific research activities have gone through the “experimental science paradigm” at the beginning of the development of science and technology, the “theoretical science paradigm” characterized by models and induction, and the “computational science paradigm” characterized by simulation, and are currently shifting to the “data science paradigm” characterized by big data analysis. Under this research paradigm, big data and artificial intelligence will be fully and deeply embedded in military scientific research. In the past, scientific conclusions that could only be obtained through experiments or simulations will be able to discover unknown laws, mine hidden information, and capture valuable knowledge through the analysis and mining of massive data in the future, thereby subverting the traditional military scientific research model and mechanism, forming a new military scientific research paradigm, and greatly improving research efficiency.

Promote the in-depth development of the integration of theory and technology. For a long time, how our military’s military theoretical research and military technical research can complement each other has always been a “difficult problem”. Theoretical research lacks the support of advanced technology, and technical research lacks the guidance of military theory. After the adjustment and reform, the barriers between military theoretical research and military technical research have been broken down from the institutional perspective. However, to truly achieve the deep integration of the two, it is necessary to open up the information data flow of the integration of theory and technology through the comprehensive sharing and efficient interaction of military data, build the underlying channel of the integration of theory and technology, effectively change the past binary separation situation, and make data sharing an important breakthrough for the integration of theory and technology in military scientific research. (Liu Linshan)

(Author’s unit: Military Science Information Research Center, Academy of Military Science)

現代國語：

要點提示

●隨著大數據時代的到來，軍事數據正成為舉足輕重的戰略資源，未來智慧化戰爭的重要基礎就是大數據的挖掘與利用。

●軍事管理革命的核心是效能，而提高效能的關鍵在於發揮數據的驅動作用。

●以數據共建、共享、共用為核心的科學研究資訊化，正在深刻改變科研的需求生成、研究模式與工作機制，成為推動科技創新的重要力量。

黨的十九大發出全面推進國防和軍隊現代化建設的動員令，提出適應世界新軍事革命發展趨勢的明確要求。正在進行的這場新軍事革命的本質特徵是數字化、網絡化和智能化。可以看到，數據正全面融入軍事領域，成為軍事科研的驅動力量、建設管理的核心要素、戰爭制勝的重要資源。

前不久，習主席在中共中央政治局第二次集體學習時強調，要審時度勢、精心謀劃、超前佈局、力爭主動，推動實施國家大數據戰略，加快建設數字中國。進行大數據研究，首先應掌握時代要求，充分認清大數據在國防和軍隊現代化建設中的地位作用。

軍事數據是開啟未來制勝之門的“金匙”

黨的十九大報告強調，「加速軍事智能化發展。」當前，戰爭形態正加速向資訊化、智慧化轉變。智慧化的重要基礎是大數據的挖掘利用，軍事數據在打贏未來戰爭中具有不可取代的關鍵作用。

數據是作戰樣式轉變的核心。隨著大數據時代的到來，軍事數據正成為舉足輕重的戰略資源，「數據戰」作為一種嶄新的作戰樣式逐步顯現，這將是一種以數據攻擊與防護為基本手段的全新作戰。敵對雙方圍繞奪取“制數據權”，瞄準“數據紅利”，在“數據新戰場”上展開激烈爭奪，通過掠奪、破壞和摧毀敵方數據資源，建立己方的數據優勢，快速達成作戰決策及行動優勢，並將其適時轉化成作戰勝勢。 “得數據者得天下”，未來“善用數據者贏得戰爭”將成為戰場制勝的基本規律。當前，世界各國正採取有力舉措，加速對軍事數據的建設、保護和使用。以美國為例，已將大數據列入其“第三次抵消戰略”，並大力整合其全球數據中心，以數據支撐作戰樣式轉變，極力鞏固其全球作戰優勢。 2017年4月26日，美國國防部成立“演算法戰跨職能小組”，正式啟動“演算法戰”概念研究，旨在大力推動大數據相關技術在未來智能化戰爭中的應用。美國智庫「新美國安全中心」2017年12月發布報告稱，美國防部將演算法擺在了與武器彈藥同等重要的地位，並將其作為衡量美軍力量的重要標準。

數據是聯合作戰指揮的血液。實現聯合作戰的關鍵在於數據能否高效流動、高效研判、高效融合。打通聯合作戰數據的共享通道，加速推進以數據流為紐帶的聯合指揮，促進不同作戰單元和作戰要素的互聯互通、數據共享和綜合集成，可有效消除指揮員的認知局限，使戰場變得清晰透明、指揮變得精準高效，只有運籌於數據之中、決勝於數據之上，才能真正實現指揮決策的智慧化、即時化、精準化。目前，美國國防高級研究計劃局已將「從數據到決策」列為其最優先發展方向，以應對資訊數據過載，提高數據分析智慧化、自動化水平，大幅縮短指揮決策週期。如其設立的「洞察」項目，透過快速處理來自不同傳感器的海量復雜數據，並整合到戰場態勢圖上，協助指揮員高效分析作戰情報、目標數據，為聯合作戰決策提供有效支撐。

數據是構建智慧化戰場的基石。未來戰場將是高度智慧化的，武器裝備、保障體系、戰場通訊資訊系統等都是智慧化的，而智慧化的重要基礎就是數據。武器平台、火力系統、資訊系統乃至作戰人員，透過大數據、機器學習技術融為一體，形成了高度智慧化的作戰體系。基於大數據技術，無人系統將成為未來的重要作戰力量；以數據為中樞的自主感知、自主分析、自主決策、自主打擊，將使資訊機動性取代能量機動性，成為製勝的關鍵要素；通過對海量資料的挖掘與利用，戰場保障的效率與智慧化程度將大幅提升。美軍正在實施的“第三次抵消戰略”，提出要重點發展機器學習、人機協作、人類作戰行動輔助系統、先進有人/無人作戰編隊等關鍵技術領域，無一不是以大數據和人工智能技術為核心，旨在提升武器裝備和資訊系統的智慧化程度。

軍事數據是激發軍事管理革命的重要內核

黨的十九大報告提出，「推進軍事管理革命，完善和發展中國特色社會主義軍事制度。」隨著人類社會生產力和科技水平的不斷提高，軍事管理的思想理念、體制機制、方法手段必然會發生變化。科學技術和生產方式的每一次劃時代創新，軍事組織和軍事理論的每一次深刻變革，都會催生和引發相應的軍事管理革命。資訊時代，軍事管理革命的核心是效能。提高效能的關鍵在於發揮數據的驅動作用，著力提升軍事管理的專業化、精進、科學化程度。

數據驅動軍事管理理念變革。習主席強調的軍事管理革命，首要的是樹立現代管理理念。品質管理大師戴明與現代科學管理之父德魯克都曾提出：「不會量化就無法管理」。數據是現代管理理念的基礎，也是實現精細管理的基礎。運用數據分析，可準確找出軍事管理問題，為改革軍事管理制度、提升軍事管理效能提供依據。基於經驗的決策，將越來越多地被基於大數據的全樣本決策所取代。只有穩固樹立「用數據說話、用數據決策、用數據管理、用數據創新」的管理理念，才能有效推進以效能為核心的軍事管理革命。

數據驅動軍隊組織形態現代化。黨的十九大報告提出，「全面推進軍隊組織形態現代化」。在大數據時代，軍隊組織形態正從以流程為主的線性方式逐漸向以數據為中心的扁平化網絡方式轉變，呈現出多主體協調、多流程滲透、資訊高頻互動等特徵。以數據流引領資訊流、資源流的整合發展，實現軍隊組織形態從「樹狀」轉變為「網狀」，能夠推動軍隊組織機構設計優化、指揮流程高效化、權責配置科學化。例如，美國按照國防部體系結構架構統一要求，開發的資訊系統即時採集和分析相關數據，並透過數據與能力等關聯關系，對管理流程進行優化，從而確保了國防部有序運作。

數據驅動軍事管理方式轉變。習主席多次強調，要提升軍隊專業化、精進、科學化管理水準。在新的軍隊建設管理體制下，軍委成立了15個部門，對管理決策的要求越來越高，迫切需要整合宏觀和微觀各個層次的軍事數據，全景式動態展示軍事管理流程、要素和環節。通過對數據流、資訊流的態勢研判，不斷優化管理體制和運行機制，推動軍事管理從依靠經驗的“藝術”轉變為依靠數據的“科學”，為有效處理軍事管理復雜巨系統問題提供新思路、新方法和新途徑，將大幅提升軍事管理效能。

軍事數據是軍事科學研究創新的強力支撐

習主席強調指出，要堅持軍事理論和軍事科技緊密結合，創新軍事研究工作模式。當前，以數據共建、共享、共用為核心的科學研究資訊化，正深刻改變科學研究的需求產生、研究模式和工作機制，成為推動科技創新的重要力量。在軍事領域，數據研究也將發揮越來越重要的作用。

引領軍事科學研究方向。目前，我軍科研立項的針對性和科學性還有待提高。採用大數據技術，對國內外、軍內外各類資訊數據進行綜合整合和挖掘分析，不僅可以及時發現我們的短板和弱項，還可以全面感知和分析主要國家軍事科技發展現狀，迅速捕捉研究熱點，預測發展趨勢，識別潛在的顛覆性技術和迷霧陷阱，為科學立項提供引領，推動軍事科學研究需求產生模式發生重大轉變。例如，美國防部技術情報辦公室從2011年開始實施的「技術追蹤與地平線掃描」項目，運用大數據技術對全球科學技術活動進行全面感知和深入研判，分析優勢差距，從而引領未來科研方向和重點。

轉變軍事科學研究範式。 2007年，計算機圖靈獎得主吉姆·格雷提出，人類科研活動歷經科學技術發展之初的“實驗科學範式”、以模型和歸納為特徵的“理論科學範式”、以模擬仿真為特徵的“計算科學範式”，目前正在轉向以大數據分析為特徵的“數據科學範式”。在這種研究範式下，大數據和人工智慧將全面深度嵌入軍事科研工作，以往通過實驗或模擬模擬等方式才能獲取的科學結論，未來透過分析挖掘海量數據就能夠發現未知規律、挖掘隱藏資訊、捕獲有價值知識，從而顛覆傳統的軍事研究模式和機制，形成新的軍事科學研究範式，研究效率也將大幅提升。

推動理技融合深度發展。長期以來，我軍軍事理論研究和軍事技術研究如何相互借力補台一直是“老大難”，理論研究缺乏先進技術支撐，技術研究缺乏軍事理論牽引。調整改革後，從體制上打破了軍事理論研究和軍事技術研究的壁壘，但要真正實現二者的深度融合，必須通過軍事數據的全面共享和高效交互，打通理技融合的信息數據流，構建理技融合的底層通道，有效改變過去二元分立的局面，使數據共享成為軍事科研理技融合「落一子而全盤活」的重要突破口。 （劉林山）

（作者單位：軍事科學院軍事科學資訊研究中心）

——充分認清大數據在國防和軍隊現代化建設中的作用
來源：解放軍報 作者：劉林山 責任編輯：喬楠楠 2018-02-01 09:11:27

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4803911 88.html

#Information Support Force, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dissipative Warfare, 認知域戰, 認知戰

“Studying the Military, Studying War, Studying Fighting” Chinese Military Special Topic: The Key to Winning Cognitive Warfare

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「學軍事、學戰爭、學打仗」中國軍事專題：打贏認知戰爭的關鍵

現代英語：

Information Network: The Key to Winning the Cognitive War

■Zhai Chan

introduction

In today’s era of information and intelligent integration, information networks, with their advantages of deep reach, wide popularity, and strong interactivity, will play an irreplaceable and important role in cognitive warfare. With the support of information networks, cognitive warfare will be more powerful and more scalable. A deep understanding of the mechanism, laws, basic forms, methods and means of cognitive warfare of the role of information networks will help to timely control the initiative of cognitive warfare and lay the foundation for victory.

The Mechanism and Laws of Information Networks and Cognitive Warfare

The essence of cognitive warfare in the role of information networks is to provide massive amounts of information through core algorithms, create biased cognitive scenarios, and influence the thinking and cognition of people and intelligent machines. This process integrates the operating rules of information networks and the internal mechanisms of thinking and cognition, has strong predictability, and is the underlying structure and key point that must be grasped in information network cognitive warfare.

The stickiness effect based on path dependence. The highly developed information network in today’s society provides a platform that people cannot live without for learning, working, living, entertainment, military construction, combat and military struggle preparation, forming an interconnected path dependence between each other. This platform uses information as the core and the network as the medium. Through invisible stickiness, it connects different groups of people, societies, countries and the military together, connecting the entire world into a closely connected global village. Objectively, it also provides a bridge and a link for conducting cognitive operations, influencing the opponent’s thinking and cognition, and winning cognitive wars. In 2009, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton delivered an “Internet Freedom” speech, advocating the “Internet Freedom” strategy, attempting to use the channel formed by people’s high dependence on the Internet to influence the thinking and cognition of the people of the opponent country, especially the younger generation, and spread American values.

Interactive influence based on information exchange. Education believes that interactive communication can effectively overcome the cognitive barriers formed by one-way information transmission, reach consensus, form empathy, and strengthen empathy through mutual information exchange, emotional integration, and mutual needs. A big difference between information networks and traditional communication media is that they provide a carrier that can interact and communicate on a large scale, at a fast pace, and with high efficiency. In this carrier, the party with strong information can repeatedly confirm the influence, adjust methods and strategies, and intervene in the thinking and cognition of the other party through the interactive mechanism provided by the carrier, based on the other party’s thought fluctuations, emotional changes, attitude feedback, etc. For a long time, the United States has maintained a “engagement + containment” strategy toward China. One very important consideration is that this kind of engagement can effectively overcome the communication barriers and information gaps formed by simple blockade and confrontation, enhance the interaction between the two governments and peoples, and thus find opportunities to open gaps and influence our ideas and ideologies. Although this strategy takes place in the traditional field, it is inherently consistent with the interactive influence mechanism of information networks based on information exchange.

The seductive influence based on the preset scene. The concealment, virtuality and permeability of the information network allow its controllers to create extremely deceptive, tempting and inflammatory information scenes through water army flooding, information filtering and “fishing in troubled waters” and other technical and strategic means, so that the opponent is deeply trapped in it without knowing it, and instead develops towards the preset process and results. This directional manipulation of the information network can subtly and efficiently influence, infect and shape the opponent’s thinking and cognition, so that the opponent is unconsciously led by the rhythm, and the combat effect is far better than the confrontation. On the eve of the Iraq War, the US media spread false information such as the existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq through the Internet and other platforms, accusing the Saddam regime of collusion with al-Qaeda, rampant corruption, and unprovoked harm to the Iraqi people. At the same time, they tried every means to cover up the truth, filter out the anti-war voices of their own people, and strive to create an atmosphere that the Saddam regime is evil and hateful and that the whole of America is united in hatred of the enemy.

The basic form of cognitive warfare in the role of information networks

The laws of war and the mechanism of victory determine the basic form of war. The laws and mechanisms of cognitive warfare based on information networks inherently determine the external forms of this war. The most basic and representative ones include information confusion warfare, misleading thinking warfare, and will-destroying warfare.

Information confusion warfare. It is to infuse the network with a large amount of complex information that combines the real and the fake, which is both true and illusory, so that the enemy’s information network capacity is overloaded, malfunctions, and disordered operations, or causes specific audiences to become “deaf, blind, and insensitive”, have cognitive abilities blocked, and their thinking, cognition, and decision-making judgments are hindered. This form of warfare is often used in the early stages of combat and in opaque battlefields. The party with information advantage can make the enemy fall into a state of panic and bewilderment, resulting in perception failure, loss of thinking, and self-disorder. Bloomberg reported that the Space Force, the sixth branch of the U.S. military that was recently established, plans to purchase 48 jammer systems by 2027, aiming to disrupt satellite signals “in the event of a conflict with a major power.” Many national militaries generally feel that the information they receive is not too little but too much. The massive amount of information coming from all directions has put tremendous pressure on situation perception and analysis and judgment.

Misleading thinking warfare. This is to form a biased information scene by instilling specific information that contains the intentions of the party controlling the information network, misleading, deceiving and influencing the thinking of specific countries, armies and people, causing them to deviate from the correct development track and deviate in a direction that is beneficial to oneself and detrimental to the enemy. It is the highest level and common practice of cognitive attack. This kind of misleading is based on strong external pressure, on specious strategies, and on information mixed with water as a weapon. It targets the opponent’s thinking characteristics and weak links, and implements clear-cut deception, causing the opponent to lose his way in tension and panic, and fall into the “trap” unknowingly. In recent years, while implementing the great power competition strategy, some countries have used cyber trolls to fabricate false situations, create false information, and spread true rumors to fan the flames around our country and encourage some countries that have historical grievances with our country and frictions with our country in reality to seek trouble. The purpose is to induce us to divert our attention, weaken the investment of resources and strength in the main strategic direction, deviate from the track of great power rejuvenation, and seek to reap the benefits of the two fishermen.

Will-destroying war. Futurist Alfred Toffler said that whoever controls the human mind controls the entire world. War is ultimately a confrontation between people. People’s psychological activities largely affect their mental state, which in turn affects their will to fight. Will-destroying war is different from traditional warfare that indirectly affects people’s will through material destruction. It directly affects the psychological activities, mental state and thinking decisions of key figures, thus affecting military morale, fighting will and combat actions. With the development of science and technology and social progress, the intervention in people’s will has entered the stage of “technology + strategy” from the traditional strategy-based intervention. More than a decade ago, scientists developed a “sound beam” weapon that uses an electromagnetic network to emit extremely narrow sound waves from hundreds of meters away, interfering with the enemy’s judgment and even causing mental confusion among strong-willed soldiers. In recent years, studies have shown that artificial speech synthesis technology based on brain wave signals can extract signals from the brain and synthesize speech that humans can directly understand.

Information networks are the main means of cognitive warfare

“Technology + strategy” constitutes the basic means of modern cognitive warfare. As a product of modern scientific and technological development, the information network’s means of effecting cognitive warfare are also mainly reflected in “technology + strategy”. This provides us with a basic entry point for understanding and grasping the ways and scientific paths of information network’s effect on cognitive warfare, thereby winning the war.

Big data construction. As the core component of the information network, data is not only the carrier of information, but also the “new oil” driven by the value of the information network, and the basic ammunition for cognitive warfare. Through massive data, complex information scenarios are constructed for my use, or the opponent’s cognitive confusion, or misleading and deceiving thinking, or destroying beliefs and wills are formed, which constitutes the basic logic of cognitive warfare in the information network. In this logical framework, data is undoubtedly the most basic resource and the most core element. A few years ago, authoritative departments calculated that the world produces about 2.5 exabytes (EB) of data every day, of which only 20% is structured data that can be directly used, and the remaining 80% needs to be analyzed, identified, and screened. These data resources, which are growing exponentially, provide an inexhaustible supply of “data ammunition” for constructing data information scenarios and conducting cognitive warfare.

Intelligent push. In the information network era, intelligent push has become a convenient channel for people to absorb external information, gain identification of thinking, emotional resonance, and influence the thinking and cognition of others. Using advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence to collect, organize, and analyze people’s thinking habits and behavioral preference data to form personalized and customized perception push can produce an “echo wall” of social cognitive trends and an information cocoon that shackles people. At the same time, it is also conducive to empathizing with others, understanding the thinking trends and possible actions of opponents, and taking targeted countermeasures. In our daily lives, we all have the experience of receiving a large amount of similar information after shopping online or searching for certain types of information. This intelligent push method is applied to cognitive operations, which can easily enable the information leader to use information network data to conduct forward-looking analysis and judgment on the decisions and actions that may be made by the command and decision-making level of the combat target, and induce them to make the decision-making actions they hope to see or make corresponding response measures in advance.

Emotional infiltration. Freud said that we are not pure wisdom or pure souls, but a collection of impulses. In the information network space, the concepts that can be widely and quickly disseminated are often not calm, rational, and objective thinking and analysis, but mostly impulsive and irrational emotional mobilization. This is determined by the fast pace of information dissemination and news release. The cognitive need to respond quickly to this information, in turn, leads to the reflexive, impulsive, and emotional response of “fast thinking”, which transforms seemingly isolated social cases into highly coercive and inflammatory psychological hints and behavioral drives, and explosively promotes irrational decision-making and actions. In June 2009, a diplomatic cable disclosed by WikiLeaks described the lavish banquets held by the family of Tunisia’s Ben Ali regime and described the regime as a corrupt and tyrannical “mafia”. This deepened the resentment of the country’s citizens and became an important driving force behind the “Jasmine Revolution” that overthrew the Ben Ali regime.

現代國語：

來源：解放軍報 作者：翟嬋 責任編輯：劉上靖 2021-11-18 06:49:14
資訊網絡：認知戰制勝要津

■翟 嬋

引 言

在資訊化智慧化融合發展的當今時代，資訊網絡以其觸角深、受眾廣、互動性強等優勢，在認知戰中將發揮無可取代的重要作用。有了資訊網絡的加持，認知戰將如虎添翼、如魚得水。深刻掌握資訊網絡作用認知戰的機理規律、基本形態、方法手段等，有助於及時掌控認知戰主動權，為贏得勝利奠定基礎。

資訊網絡作用認知戰的機理規律

資訊網絡作用認知戰的本質在於透過核心演算法，提供大量訊息，營造傾向性認知場景，影響人和智慧機器的思維認知。這個過程融合資訊網絡運行規律和思維認知內在機理，具有很強的可預知性，是資訊網絡認知戰必須把握的底層架構和關鍵之點。

基於路徑依賴的黏性影響。當今社會高度發達的資訊網絡，提供了一個人們學習、工作、生活、娛樂，軍隊建設、作戰和軍事鬥爭準備須臾離不開的平台，在彼此之間形成一個互聯互通的路徑依賴。這一平台以資訊為核、網絡為媒，透過無形的黏性把不同人群、社會、國家包括軍隊連接在一起，既將整個世界打通成一個緊密聯繫的地球村，客觀上也為開展認知作戰、影響對手思維認知、制勝認知戰爭提供了橋樑和紐帶。 2009年美國國務卿希拉裡曾發表「互聯網自由」演說，鼓吹「互聯網自由」戰略，企圖利用人們對互聯網的高度依賴形成的作用通道，影響對手國民眾特別是青年一代的思維認知，傳播美式價值觀。

基於資訊交換的互動影響。教育學認為，互動交流能有效克服訊息單向傳遞所形成的認知屏障，在彼此訊息交換、情感融通、需求相促中達成共識、形成同理心、強化同理。資訊網絡與傳統交流溝通媒介的一個很大不同，在於提供了一個能大範圍、快節奏、高效率互動交流的載體。在這一載體中，資訊強勢一方能透過載體提供的互動機制，依據另一方的思想波動、情緒變化、態度回饋等，反復確認影響，調整方法策略，幹預另一方的思維認知。長期以來，美國對華保持「接觸+遏制」戰略，一個很重要的考慮就在於這種接觸能有效克服單純封鎖對抗形成的溝通壁壘和信息鴻溝，增強兩國政府和民眾之間的互動，從而尋找機會打開缺口，影響我們的思想觀念和意識形態。這項戰略雖然發生在傳統領域，但與資訊網絡基於資訊交換的互動影響機理內在一致。

基於預設場景的誘導影響。資訊網絡的隱蔽性、虛擬性、滲透性，使其掌控者能通過水軍灌水、資訊過濾、「渾水摸魚」等技術和謀略手段，營造極具欺騙性、誘惑性、煽動性的信息場景，使對手深陷其中而不自知，反而朝著預設的過程和結果發展。這種對資訊網絡的指向性操控，能潛移默化地高效影響、感染和塑造對手的思維認知，使之不知不覺被帶節奏，收到遠比對抗硬槓好得多的作戰效果。伊拉克戰爭前夕，美國媒體透過網路等平台大肆散佈伊拉克存在大規模殺傷性武器等虛假訊息，指責薩達姆政權與基地組織相互勾連、腐敗成風，還無端殘害伊拉克人民，同時又想方設法掩蓋事實真相，過濾本國人民的反戰聲音，極力營造薩達姆政權邪惡可恨、全美上下同仇敵愾的氛圍。

資訊網絡作用認知戰的基本形態

戰爭規律和製勝機理決定戰爭的基本形態。資訊網絡作用認知戰的規律機理內在規定著這種戰爭的外在呈現形態。其中最基本、最具代表性的包括資訊迷茫戰、思維誤導戰和意志毀傷戰。

資訊迷茫戰。就是用海量虛實結合、亦真亦幻的復雜信息灌注網絡，使敵對方信息網絡容量過載、功能失常、運轉失序，或導致特定受眾對象“失聰失明失感”、認知能力擁堵、思維認知和決策判斷受阻。這一戰爭形態常用於作戰初期和不透明戰場，擁有資訊優勢的一方能使敵對方陷入茫然不知所措的恐慌狀態，從而感知失靈、思維失據、自亂陣腳。彭博社稱，美國成立不久的第六大軍種——太空軍，計劃2027年前採購48套幹擾系統，旨在“與大國發生沖突情況下”，幹擾迷茫其衛星信號。不少國家軍隊普遍感到，現在獲取的資訊不是太少了而是太多了，來自四面八方的巨量資訊大量聚集，給態勢感知和分析判斷造成巨大壓力。

思維誤導戰。就是透過灌輸包含資訊網絡掌控方意圖指向的特定訊息，形成傾向性訊息場景，誤導欺騙和影響特定國家、軍隊和人群思維理念，使之偏離正確發展軌道，朝著於己有利、於敵有損的方向偏移，是認知攻擊的最高境界和慣常做法。這種誤導以強大的外部壓力為前提，以似是而非的策略為基礎，以摻雜水分的信息為武器，針對對手思維特點和薄弱環節，實施導向鮮明的誘騙，使對手在緊張慌亂中迷失方向，不知不覺落入「圈套」。這些年來，一些國家在實施大國競爭戰略的同時，通過網絡水軍虛構假情況、製造假信息、散佈真謠言，在我國週邊煽風點火，鼓動一些在歷史上與我國有積怨、現實中有摩擦的國家尋尋覓滋事，目的就是要誘導我們轉移注意力，削弱在主要戰略方向上的資源力量投入，偏離強國復興的軌道，謀取漁翁之利。

意志毀傷戰。未來學家托夫勒說，誰控制了人的心理，誰就控制了整個世界。戰爭說到底是人與人的對抗，人的心理活動很大程度影響人的精神狀態，進而影響作戰意志。意志毀傷戰與傳統作戰透過物質摧毀間接影響人的意志不同，它透過直接影響關鍵人物的心理活動、精神狀態和思維決策，影響軍心士氣、戰鬥意志和作戰行動。隨著科技發展和社會進步，對人的意志的干預，已經由傳統以謀略為主演進到“技術+謀略”階段。早在十多年前就有科學家研製出“聲波集束”武器，通過電磁網絡從數百米外發射極為狹窄的聲波“音柱”，幹擾敵人判斷甚至使意志堅強的軍人精神錯亂。近年來有研究表明，基於腦電波信號的人工語音合成技術可提取大腦中的信號，合成人類能夠直接理解的語音。

資訊網絡作用認知戰的主要手段

「技術+謀略」構成現代認知戰的基本手段。資訊網絡作為現代科技發展的產物，其對認知戰的作用手段也主要體現在「技術+謀略」上。這為我們認識並掌握資訊網絡作用認知戰的方式、科學路徑，從而製勝戰爭提供了基本切入點。

大數據構塑。數據作為資訊網絡的核心構件，不僅是資訊的載體，而且是資訊網絡價值驅動的“新石油”，更是作用認知戰的基本彈藥。透過大量資料構塑為我所用的複雜資訊場景，或對對手進行思維認知迷茫，或給予思維誤導欺騙，或進行信念意志摧毀，構成資訊網絡作用認知戰的基本邏輯。在這個邏輯架構中，數據無疑是最基礎的資源、最核心的元素。遠在幾年前，權威部門就統計，全球每天生產約2.5艾字節（EB）的數據，其中僅20%是可以直接利用的結構化數據，其餘80%則需要進行分析、甄別、篩選。這些幾何級數成長湧現的數據資源，為構塑數據資訊場景、實施認知戰提供了取之不盡用之不竭的「數據彈藥」。

智能化推送。資訊網絡時代，智慧化推播成為人們攝取外在訊息，獲得思考認同、情感共鳴、影響他人思考認知的便利管道。運用人工智慧等先進技術收集、整理、分析人的思維慣性、行為偏好數據，形成擬人化客製化感知推送，能夠產生社會認知趨同的「回音壁」和桎梏人的信息繭房，同時也有利於推己及人、了解對手的思維趨向和可能行動，有針對性地採取應對措施。生活中，我們都有一次或幾次網上購物、搜索某類信息後，大量類同信息推送進來的經歷，這種智能化推送手段應用到認知作戰中，很容易使信息主導方通過信息網絡數據，對作戰對象指揮決策層可能做出的決策、採取的行動等予以前瞻分析研判，誘導其作出希望看到的決策行動或預先作出相應的應對措施。

情緒化浸染。佛洛伊德說，我們不是純粹的智慧、純粹的靈魂，而是一個沖動的集合。在資訊網絡空間，能夠得到廣泛且快速傳播的觀念認知，往往不是冷靜理性客觀的思維分析，多是沖動非理性的情緒情緒動員。這是由資訊傳播、新聞發布「先發製人」的快節奏決定的。對這些資訊作出快速反應的認知需求，反過來又導致「快思維」條件反射性、沖動性、情緒化反應，將看似孤立的社會個案轉化為具有強烈壓迫性、煽動性的心理暗示和行為驅動，暴發性催生非理性決策行動。 2009年6月維基解密披露的一份外交電文中，描繪了突尼斯本·阿里政權家族宴會的奢靡場景，並煞有介事地將該政權形容為腐敗暴政的“黑手黨”，這加深了該國國民怨恨情緒，從而成為引燃推翻本·阿里政權的「茉莉花革命」重要推手。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4899062.html?big=fan

#intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知域戰

What Kind of Victory Concept should China’s Military have in Information Warfare?

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我軍在資訊化戰爭中應有怎樣的勝利理念？

現代英語：

The army is first and foremost a fighting force that exists to fight. The ability to win battles is the fundamental meaning and value of the army’s existence. The new era has given our army new missions and tasks. Scientifically understanding and grasping the new era connotation of the concept of victory will not only help improve the pertinence of our army’s military struggle preparations, but also provide a new perspective for our army to build a world-class army and win future wars.

Explore the basic attributes of victory

When people talk about victory, they often limit the judgment of victory to a certain dimension, such as the supremacy of national interests, the gains and losses of economic interests, the elimination of living forces, and the achievement of political goals. However, victory or failure has multiple inherent attributes.

The multidimensionality of victory. Victory has multiple meanings and standards, which are reflected in multiple dimensions such as politics, military, economy, and diplomacy. In terms of politics, victory in war is unified with the political purpose of war. War is the continuation of politics, and war itself is an action of political nature. Only when the political purpose is achieved can victory in war come; in terms of military, victory must be based on a certain military advantage, and the advantage of military operations only provides the premise for victory in war; in terms of economy, victory in war means gaining economic or material benefits, and “defeating the enemy without fighting” becomes the highest realm; in terms of diplomacy, victory can demonstrate military and national prestige, especially the long-term peaceful environment brought about by lasting victory, which brings huge potential value for the long-term development of the country.

The evolution of victory. Victory changes with the development of the times, especially with the evolution of war forms, generating new connotations. From the era of cold weapons to the mechanized era, land is the basic material of social production. Victory in war is often marked by annihilation of the enemy and seizure of land. Conquering territory has become the core of victory in wars in the industrial era. In the information age, the proportion of traditional material resources in productivity has gradually decreased, and spiritual factors represented by information technology have become important means of production, with spiritual destruction and control becoming more prominent. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, the intelligent society and war forms are gradually coming, and the connotation of victory will inevitably undergo new changes.

The dialectic of victory. From the perspective of war as a whole, the subject of victory is dialectical. The two sides of a war are a pair of typical offensive and defensive contradictory relationships. It is impossible for them to reach a consensus on victory. The victory of one side means the failure of the other side. In the dialectic of victory and defeat, arrogant soldiers will surely fail, and mournful soldiers will surely win. If the victorious side cannot prevent pride, it will easily encounter defeat in the next war and turn into failure. On the contrary, if the losing side endures humiliation, it may win the next victory. In the dialectic of victory and defeat in time and space, long-lasting or short-term, global or local victories have different meanings. Temporary and local victories often hide the crisis of failure. Only by transforming short-term and local victories into long-lasting and global victories can the value and significance of victory be maximized.

The fundamental nature of victory. “If we cannot win the battlefield, everything else is zero.” The basic premise for winning a war is the victory of military operations, which lays the fundamental foundation for the final victory of the war. Without the victory of military operations, there is no premise for other victories. The army was born to fight and built to win, and its core is the ability to win. Different armies in different times and countries have different tasks, but their fundamental functions as combat teams have not changed, and the fundamental requirements for winning battles have not changed. Military victory is the fundamental starting point for all victories, and there should be no misunderstanding or hesitation on this point.

The significance of the era of cognitive victory

There are multiple attributes to judge victory, and the most important one is whether the army has effectively fulfilled the mission and tasks entrusted by the times. In the new era, we must resolutely fulfill the mission and tasks entrusted by the Party and the people to the “four strategic supports” based on the requirements of national security and development strategies, and ensure that we can come when called, fight when we come, and win when we fight.

To provide strategic support for consolidating the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the socialist system. Providing important force guarantees for the party to consolidate its ruling position and safeguard the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is not only a fundamental reflection of the nature and purpose of our army, but also a new requirement for the army. Especially in the face of various hostile forces stepping up their implementation of the Westernization and differentiation strategy against our country, if political security is not guaranteed, there will be no talk of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must stand firmly under the banner of the party, resolutely safeguard the security of the state power, system, and political security, consciously enhance the “four consciousnesses”, strengthen the “four self-confidences”, and achieve the “two safeguards”, implement the responsibility system of the Chairman of the Military Commission, and temper the political character of loyalty, cleanness, and responsibility, and implement the original intention and mission in our posts and in our words and deeds.

Provide strategic support for defending national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity. Victory requires the effective implementation of military operations and the achievement of combat superiority as the basic prerequisite, requiring us to deter and resist aggression, resolutely defend national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, and safeguard people’s security and social stability. my country is at a critical stage of moving from big to strong, and the security environment has undergone complex and profound changes. The comprehensiveness, complexity and variability of security issues have significantly increased. In particular, the issues of sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity are the core interests of the country, involving complex historical entanglements and geopolitics, and contain major political, diplomatic, trade and military risks. These issues cannot be avoided or avoided, and are major challenges to winning victory. We should strictly guard against all kinds of cannibalization, infiltration, sabotage and harassment activities, resolutely defend the security of border defense, coastal defense and air defense, and dare to defend national unity by stopping war with war, controlling the war situation and winning the war when necessary.

Provide strategic support for safeguarding the country’s overseas interests. Victory is to protect the country’s economic security and development interests as an important criterion, requiring us to safeguard overseas economic security. my country’s strategic interests continue to extend overseas, and business personnel and assets are widely distributed all over the world. Wherever the national interests extend, security guarantees must follow, especially at present, when the security of overseas economic interests is prominent, and international and regional turmoil, terrorism, and piracy pose real threats. We should actively promote international security and military cooperation, focus on improving the ability to carry out diversified military tasks, implement maritime escort, maintain the security of maritime strategic channels, carry out overseas evacuations, maritime rights protection and other actions, and effectively ensure the security of overseas interests.

Provide strategic support for promoting world peace and development. Victory means maintaining world peace, opposing aggression and expansion, and creating an international security environment conducive to the peaceful development of the country. Humankind is increasingly becoming a community with a shared future where interests are intertwined and safety and danger are shared. Faced with an increasingly complex diplomatic environment, especially the prominent contradictions brought about by the struggle for dominance of regional order, the struggle for rules, and the struggle for development paths, we must adhere to the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, uphold the correct concept of justice and interests, faithfully practice the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, deepen bilateral and multilateral security cooperation, promote coordination, inclusiveness, and complementary cooperation among different security mechanisms, create a security pattern of equality, mutual trust, fairness, justice, and common construction and sharing, provide more public security products to the international community within our capacity, and actively contribute to maintaining world peace and stability and building a community with a shared future for mankind.

Grasping the practical requirements for victory

Victory is achieved in military games. Military means are the bottom line for realizing the great dream. We must fully follow the laws of war guidance, ensure that military actions are coordinated with politics, diplomacy, and public opinion in military practice, and effectively realize the victory of justice, peace, and the people.

Strong in military. We will build a strong national defense and a powerful military that is commensurate with our international status and consistent with our national security and development interests, take the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics, promote the integrated development of mechanization and informatization, accelerate the development of intelligent military, build a modern combat system with Chinese characteristics, comprehensively advance the modernization of military theory, military organizational forms, military personnel, and weapons and equipment, strengthen the ability to carry out diversified military tasks, build the people’s army into a world-class army in an all-round way, and constantly improve its ability to fulfill its missions and tasks in the new era.

Politically reasonable. Military victory provides a solid foundation for political victory. It is necessary to guide military strategy with national strategy and to serve and support national strategy with military strategy. In planning and guiding war, we must have a deep understanding of the political nature of war, insist on military subordination to politics and strategy subordination to policy, and think about war issues from a political perspective. Especially in today’s era, war public opinion is highly transparent. Military operations must be closely coordinated with public opinion and legal struggles to seize the commanding heights of politics, morality and law, and lay a solid moral foundation and value support for victory in war.

It is beneficial to development. We should adhere to the overall national security concept, follow the path of national security with Chinese characteristics, better safeguard the important strategic opportunity period for my country’s development, and ensure that the great rejuvenation process is not delayed or interrupted. In today’s world, the factors associated with victory in war have increased significantly and become increasingly complex, showing the characteristics of hybrid warfare. Military operations should be closely coordinated with political security, economic interests, trade reciprocity and diplomatic initiative, and strategic planning should be carried out closely around safeguarding and realizing national interests.

Be moderate in action. The Chinese nation has always loved peace, and China has always adhered to a defensive national defense policy. We must implement the military strategic guidelines of the new era, adhere to the principles of defense, self-defense, and post-strike, implement active defense, adhere to the principle of “I will not attack others unless they attack me, but I will definitely attack others if they attack me”, emphasize the unity of containing war and winning war, and emphasize the unity of strategic defense and offensive in campaigns and battles.

[Extended reading: See previous articles in this edition: “What kind of view of war should we have” (2018/12/20), “What kind of view of power should we have” (2019/8/20), “What kind of view of advantage should we have” (2019/8/29), “What kind of view of power control should we have” (2019/9/17), “What kind of view of combat should we have” (2019/9/24)]

現代國語：

軍隊首先是一個戰鬥隊，是為打仗而存在的。能打勝仗是軍隊存在的根本意義和價值所在。新時代賦予了我軍新的使命任務，科學認識和掌握勝利觀的新時代內涵，不僅有助於提升我軍軍事鬥爭準備針對性，也為我軍全面建成世界一流軍隊、打贏未來戰爭提供了新的視角。

探究勝利的基本屬性

人們談論勝利，往往將勝利的評判局限在某維度，如唯國家利益至上說、唯經濟利益得失說、唯有生力量消滅說和唯政治目的達成說等，然而，勝利與否具有著多重內在屬性。

勝利的多維性。勝利具有多重意義與標準，體現在政治、軍事、經濟、外交等多個面向。在政治方面，戰爭勝利與戰爭政治目的統一性，戰爭是政治的延續，戰爭本身就是政治性質的行動。只有政治目的的達成，才意味著戰爭勝利的到來；在軍事方面，勝利必須以一定的軍事勝勢為基礎，軍事作戰的勝勢只為戰爭的勝利提供前提基礎；在經濟方面，戰爭的勝利意味著經濟或物質層面有所得，「不戰而屈人之兵」成為最高境界；在外交方面，勝利能夠打出軍威、國威，特別是持久勝利換來的長期和平環境，為國家長遠發展帶來巨大的潛在價值。

勝利的演進性。勝利隨著時代的發展而不斷變化，尤其是對應戰爭形態演變而產生新的內涵。冷兵器至機械化時代，土地是社會生產的基本資料，戰爭的勝利往往以殲敵奪地為主要標誌，征服領地成為工業化時代戰爭勝利的核心；資訊化時代中，傳統物質資源在生產力中的比重逐步降低，以資訊科技為代表的精神因素成為重要的生產資料，精神上摧毀與控制更為凸顯。隨著人工智慧技術的發展，智慧化社會及戰爭形態逐步來臨，勝利內涵必將產生新的變化。

勝利的辯證性。從戰爭整體來看，勝利主體具有辯證性，戰爭雙方是一對典型的攻防對抗矛盾關係，與生俱來就不可能達成一致的勝利，某一方的勝利意味著另一方的失敗；在勝敗轉換辯證性上，驕兵必敗、哀兵必勝，勝利方如果不能防止驕傲，就很容易在下一場戰爭中遭遇失利而轉為失敗，反之，失敗方如果忍辱負重就有可能贏得下一場勝利；在勝敗時空辯證性上，持久或短暫、全局或局部的勝利具有不同意義，暫時的、局部的勝利往往潛藏失敗危機，只有將短暫局部的勝利轉化為持久全局的勝利，才能最大程度地發揮勝利的價值和意義。

勝利的基礎性。 「戰場打不贏，一切等於零」。贏得戰爭勝利的基本前提是軍事作戰的勝利，它為轉化成最終戰爭的勝利奠定了根本基礎。沒有軍事行動的勝利，就沒有其它勝利的前提基礎。軍隊為打仗而生、為打贏而建，其核心是能打勝仗。不同時代、不同國家的不同軍隊擔負的任務不同，但作為戰鬥隊的根本職能沒有變，能打勝仗的根本要求沒有變。軍事上勝利是一切勝利的根本出發點，對於這一點不能有任何誤解和動搖。

認知勝利的時代要義

勝利有多重屬性評判標準，最核心的就是軍隊是否有效地履行了時代賦予的使命任務。新時代，我們要依據國家安全和發展戰略要求,堅決履行黨和人民賦予「四個戰略支撐」的使命任務，確保召之即來、來之能戰、戰之必勝。

為鞏固中國共產黨領導和社會主義制度提供戰略支持。為黨鞏固執政地位和維護中國特色社會主義制度提供重要的力量保證，既是我軍性質宗旨的根本體現，也是對軍隊提出的新要求。特別是面對各種敵對勢力加緊對我國實施西化、分化戰略，倘若政治安全得不到保障，中華民族偉大復興就無從談起。我們必須堅定地站在黨的旗幟下，堅決維護國家政權安全、制度安全、政治安全，自覺增強“四個意識”、堅定“四個自信”、做到“兩個維護”，貫徹軍委主席負責制，錘鍊忠誠乾淨擔當的政治品格，把初心和使命落實到本職崗位上、一言一行中。

為捍衛國家主權、統一、領土完整提供戰略支持。勝利就是要以有效履行軍事行動、達成作戰勝勢為基本前提條件，要求我們嚇阻和抵抗侵略，堅決捍衛國家主權、統一、領土完整，維護人民安全和社會穩定。我國正處於由大向強的關鍵階段，安全環境發生複雜深刻變化，安全問題的綜合性、複雜性、多變性顯著增強。特別是主權、統一、領土完整問題是國家核心利益，涉及複雜的歷史糾葛、地緣政治，蘊含著重大政治、外交、貿易、軍事風險。這些問題繞不開、躲不過，是贏得勝利所面臨的重大挑戰。我們應嚴密防範各類蠶食、滲透、破壞及襲擾活動，堅決保衛邊防、海防、空防安全，必要時敢於透過以戰止戰、控制戰局、贏得戰爭來捍衛國家統一。

為維護國家海外利益提供策略性支撐。勝利就是要以保護國家經濟安全和發展利益為重要標準，要求我們維護海外經濟安全。我國戰略利益不斷向海外延伸，商貿人員與資產廣泛分佈在世界各地。國家利益拓展到哪裡，安全保障就必須跟進到哪裡，特別是當前海外經濟利益安全問題凸顯，國際和區域動盪、恐怖主義、海盜活動等構成現實威脅。我們應積極推動國際安全和軍事合作，著力提升遂行多元軍事任務能力，實施海上護航，維護海上戰略通道安全，遂行海外撤僑、海上維權等行動，有效確保海外利益安全。

為促進世界和平與發展提供策略支持。勝利就是要維護世界和平，反對侵略擴張，創造有利於國家和平發展的國際安全環境。人類日益成為利益交融、安危與共的命運共同體。面對日益複雜的外交環境，特別是區域秩序主導權之爭、規則之爭、發展道路之爭帶來的突出矛盾，我們要堅持共同、綜合、合作、可持續的安全觀，秉持正確義利觀，忠實踐行人類命運共同體理念，深化雙邊和多邊安全合作，促進不同安全機制間協調包容、互補合作，營造平等互信、公平正義、共建共享的安全格局，在力所能及的範圍內向國際社會提供更多公共安全產品，積極為維護世界和平穩定、建構人類命運共同體貢獻力量。

掌握勝利的實踐要求

勝利是在軍事博弈中取得。軍事手段是實現偉大夢想的保底手段，我們要充分遵循戰爭指導規律，在軍事實踐中確保軍事行動與政治、外交、輿論等相配合，有效實現正義必勝、和平必勝和人民必勝。

軍事上有力。建構同國際地位相稱、同國家安全和發展利益相適應的鞏固國防和強大軍隊，走中國特色的強軍之路，推動機械化資訊化融合發展，加速軍事智能化發展，建構我軍特色的現代作戰體系，全面推進軍事理論現代化、軍隊組織形態現代化、軍事人員現代化、武器裝備現代化，強化執行多樣化軍事任務的能力，把人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊，不斷提高履行新時代使命任務的能力。

政治上有理。軍事作戰勝利為政治勝利提供堅實基礎，就要以國家戰略牽引軍事戰略，以軍事戰略服務來支持國家戰略。規劃指導戰爭，必須深刻認識戰爭的政治屬性，堅持軍事服從政治、戰略服從政略，從政治高度思考戰爭問題。特別是當今時代，戰爭輿論高度透明，軍事行動要與輿論法理鬥爭密切配合，搶佔政治、道義和法律的製高點，為戰爭勝利奠定紮實的道義基礎和價值依托。

發展上有利。堅持整體國家安全觀，走中國特色國家​​安全道路，更好維護我國發展重要戰略機會期，確保偉大復興進程不會被滯緩或打斷。當今世界，戰爭勝利的關聯因素顯著增多、複雜性不斷增強，呈現出混合戰爭的特徵。軍事作戰行動，應密切配合政治安全、經濟利益、貿易互惠和外交主動等方面，緊緊圍繞維護好實現好國家利益進行戰略運籌。

行動上有節。中華民族歷來愛好和平，中國始終不渝奉行防禦性國防政策。我們要貫徹落實新時代軍事戰略方針，堅持防禦、自衛、後發制人原則，實行積極防禦，堅持“人不犯我、我不犯人，人若犯我、我必犯人”，強調遏制戰爭與打贏戰爭相統一，強調戰略上防禦與戰役戰鬥上進攻統一。

【延伸閱讀：參見本版往期文章《應有怎樣的戰爭觀》（2018/12/20）《應有怎樣的力量觀》（2019/8/20）《應有怎樣的優勢觀》（2019 /8/29）《應有怎樣的製權觀》（2019/9/17）《應有怎樣的作戰觀》（2019/9/24）】

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2019-10/08/content_244763.htm

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Future Wars, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知戰

Chinese Military Building a Solid Data Foundation for Victory in the Intelligent Battlefield

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中國軍隊為智慧戰場勝利建構堅實數據基礎

現代英語：

Build a solid data foundation for victory in the intelligent battlefield

——A brief analysis of military data management in future wars

■Bai Xiaoying Li Xiaosong

Military data is an important engine for promoting changes in the quality, efficiency and power of military construction. With the development of technology, the way data is generated and used is constantly changing, which poses new challenges to the concepts and methods of military data. To win the future information-based and intelligent war, it is necessary to establish a new military data governance ecosystem, focus on strengthening data integration and data empowerment, and enhance data management capabilities throughout the life cycle, support capabilities for scenario-based analysis and intelligent applications, and safe and controllable supervision capabilities.

Recognize the objective necessity of military data governance

As a basic resource, data is being integrated into military operations, military training, strategic management, equipment construction, and logistics support at an accelerated pace. Military data governance activities are based on data quality, aim to release data value, and ensure data security, and are becoming increasingly important in the construction of military informationization and intelligence.

Objective requirements for improving data quality. Whether it is military construction management or military combat command, it is necessary to process and analyze a large amount of data with various types, different standards, and complex relationships from different channels, different time and space, and different fields. The large amount of data accumulated at different stages of military construction often has problems such as incomplete systems, inaccurate content, untimely updates, and ineffective alignment of multiple source data, which can easily lead to insufficient decision-making basis and even misleading decisions. Improving the availability, completeness, correctness, consistency, timeliness and other credible attributes of military data, and supporting military modeling and analysis based on high-quality data can provide support for the realization of scientific decision-making based on data.

The practical need to release the value of data. Traditional military information systems are mostly used to support a single department or a single business need. Data is created and stored along with the business system. Data between different systems is difficult to be compatible and effectively associated, and business collaboration processes based on data flow have not been established between different departments. With the continuous iteration of the system, a large amount of high-value data cannot be reused and may become “stagnant water”. However, business development requires a large amount of historical data resources from different periods. Repeated construction is bound to cause a large waste of manpower, financial resources and time. Data governance promotes the cross-level, cross-domain, cross-system, cross-departmental and cross-business circulation of data by establishing data standards, optimizing business processes, and improving management mechanisms, continuously improving the ability of comprehensive data perception and deep cognition, and maximizing the release of data value.

Necessary measures to ensure data security. The high sensitivity of military data determines the high security requirements of governance. Due to threats such as data leakage, data destruction, and data abuse, data owners and users often have various concerns about sharing data, resulting in many problems such as invisible, unavailable, and dare not use data. Data security governance runs through the entire life cycle of data generation, circulation, application, evolution, and destruction, meets the trust requirements of data rights authorization, shared circulation, audit traceability, and builds a management and technical system for security assurance.

Face up to the role and value of military data governance

Military data governance can effectively improve data quality, ensure data security, promote data sharing, and play an enabling role in assisting military construction and management decision-making and improving the effectiveness of military scientific research and innovation.

Empower future combat operations. In future wars, combat advantages are highly dependent on data advantages. The ever-changing battlefield environment requires real-time aggregation of data from land, sea, air, space, electricity, and network combat domains to gain decision-making advantages. In an open, collaborative, dynamic, and evolving data ecosystem, high-quality data governance can effectively ensure the quality and security of data throughout its life cycle. Building a modern data connection and sharing architecture can horizontally connect data covering various forces in joint operations, and vertically aggregate data covering command and control, battlefield environment, combat readiness intelligence, etc., to form a data pool that supports multi-domain operations and provide real-time, multi-source data assurance for multi-domain operations. Data governance targets a large amount of raw data, efficiently removes the coarse and retains the fine, removes the false and retains the true, and extracts high-value information, so that commanders can grasp the accurate and dynamic battlefield situation in real time in future operations, and use this as a basis to accurately judge the enemy’s situation and our situation, make scientific decisions and deployments, accurately control combat actions, and ensure the accuracy and efficiency of multi-domain combat activities. According to changes in the battlefield situation and different types of authorization, commanders can flexibly and quickly obtain and call data that meets combat applications, providing more powerful data support and better service supply for multi-domain operations.

Support the modernization of military governance. In the era of intelligence, through the digital collection, standardized processing, and networked connection of military governance elements, the physical world is highly digitized, and the physical world is reshaped by digital mapping, realizing the full connection of physical domains, information domains, etc. With the help of data governance, an integrated military governance information network platform that is cross-military, cross-domain, and cross-system can be systematically built, effectively integrating multiple governance paths such as leadership, coordination, guidance, and interaction, and driving the transformation of fragmented management to holistic governance. The deep integration of military data governance work with business work such as military strategic management, equipment construction, training support, and military scientific research can provide high-quality data for planning, resource allocation, and management evaluation, and promote the improvement of the quality and efficiency of the military governance system. Through data governance, effective integration and deep fusion of data across systems and departments can be achieved, which can effectively break through the time, space and field limitations of the traditional management system and improve modern military governance capabilities.

Promote the development of military intelligence. In modern warfare, both sides try to take various means to obtain, analyze and use battlefield data. Data has become the basic support for the overall operation of the combat system based on the information system. Under the conditions of informatization and intelligence, the combat system operates based on data, combat decisions are generated based on data, and combat actions are guided by data. Having data advantages is the prerequisite for the system to win. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of general artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT and Sora and the huge effectiveness they have shown in the military field, related technologies need high-quality data to “feed”. Data quality often directly determines the “intelligence” of intelligent algorithm models, and even affects the level of military intelligence construction. Strengthening military data governance can efficiently discover and agilely associate related information, extract and integrate multi-domain knowledge, maintain the integrity, consistency, and freshness of information in the process of dynamic evolution, and provide highly credible, highly reliable, and high-value data supply for artificial intelligence training, ensuring that it is not “misled”, enhancing its reliability and explainability, and thereby improving the ability of artificial intelligence to serve complex battlefield situation perception and accurate analysis and decision-making.

Exploring the implementation path of military data governance

Data governance takes data as its object, and needs to sort out the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved in data circulation, forming a data circulation model of benign interaction, co-construction, sharing and co-governance among multiple participants, so as to maximize the release of value. To build a military data governance system, we need to start from the resource system, institutional system, technical system and other aspects.

Build a resource system. Military data business scenarios are diverse, state structures are multi-dimensional, and classification is complex. In order to make data “visible” and “well used”, data resource construction needs to start from the supply side, identify false information, efficiently discover and agilely associate related information, extract and integrate multi-domain knowledge, maintain data integrity in the dynamic evolution process, and form a high-quality data pool. According to different dimensions, a hierarchical and classified military data resource system can be constructed to form a data space with unified identification, multi-dimensional annotation, compliance and security, clear hierarchy, and reasonable structure. According to the requirements of data resource classification and classification, effectively control data usage rights, avoid confusion in data usage management, and realize data discoverability, accessibility, understandability, trustworthiness, and interoperability based on a unified data resource framework.

Improve the institutional system. In the economic and social fields, the data governance framework defines the consensus on the exercise of decision-making power and division of responsibilities for data-related matters, that is, who can take what actions based on what information, at what time and under what circumstances, using what methods. Military data governance needs to be combined with the characteristics of the military field, military activity processes and application scenarios, clarify the laws and regulations on the cross-domain flow of data between different management agencies, security jurisdictions, and physical networks, clarify the authority, responsibilities and collaboration models of different actors in providing and using data, establish rules and regulations covering activities such as data collection, integration and sharing, service application, and security management, promote data construction to be standardized, scientific, and institutionalized, collect, process and apply data in accordance with regulations, standards, authority, and scenarios, and ensure that all stakeholders work in a coordinated manner.

Upgrade the technical system. Facing future wars, it is necessary to build a more adaptable and efficient security technology system that is more adaptable to the release of data value, and to ensure the implementation and implementation of the governance system through technical means. Based on operational data foundations, metadata, data exchange and other standards and specifications, build technologies and tools such as data collection and access, organizational management, shared exchange, and secure operation and control to support the full life cycle management of data. Through technical means such as access control, content protection, operation authorization, traceability and evidence, and regulatory auditing, ensure that data sharing and application meet reasonable, legal, and compliant requirements. For example, based on the digital object system, realize “identity card-style” data management to ensure “one number and one source”; based on the distributed trust management system, realize secure data sharing and controllable traceability.

現代國語：

築牢制勝智慧化戰場的數據基礎

——淺析未來戰爭軍事數據治理

■白曉穎 李曉松

引言

軍事數據是推動軍隊建設品質變革、效率變革、動力變革的重要引擎。隨著技術發展，數據產生和利用的方式不斷嬗變，對軍事數據的概念、方法等都提出新的挑戰。打贏未來資訊化智慧化戰爭，需要建立新的軍事數據治理生態，著力加強數據整合和數據賦能，提升數據全生命週期管理能力、場景化分析和智慧化應用的支撐能力、安全可控的監管能力。

認清軍事數據治理的客觀必需

數據作為基礎性資源，正加速融入軍隊作戰運用、軍事訓練、戰略管理、裝備建設和後勤保障等各環節。軍事數據治理活動以數據品質為基礎，以釋放數據價值為目標，以數據安全為保障，在軍隊資訊化智慧化建設中越來越重要。

提升數據品質的客觀要求。無論是軍隊建設管理，還是軍事作戰指揮，都需要處理和分析來自不同渠道、不同時空、不同領域的大量類型多樣、標準不一、關聯復雜的數據。軍隊建設不同階段累積的大量數據往往存在體係不完整、內容不准確、更新不及時、多種來源數據未有效對齊等問題，容易導致決策依據不充分，甚至誤導決策。提高軍事數據的可用性、完整性、正確性、一致性、時效性等可信屬性，支援基於高品質數據的軍事建模和分析，才能為實現基於數據的科學決策提供支撐。

釋放數據價值的現實需求。傳統的軍隊資訊系統多用於支撐單一部門或單一業務需求，數據伴隨著業務系統創建、存儲，不同系統之間數據難以兼容和有效關聯，不同部門之間未建立基於數據流轉的業務協同流程。隨著系統不斷迭代，大量高價值的數據無法再利用，可能成為「一潭死水」；而業務發展又需要不同時期的大量歷史數據資源，重復建設勢必造成人力、財力和時間的大量浪費。數據治理透過建立數據標準、優化業務流程、完善管理機制，推動數據跨層級、跨領域、跨系統、跨部門、跨業務流通，不斷提升數據全面感知、深度認知的能力，最大限度地釋放數據價值。

確保數據安全的必要舉措。軍事數據的高敏感性決定了治理的高安全性要求。由於存在數據洩露、數據破壞、數據濫用等威脅，數據的所有者和用戶對共享數據往往存在各種顧忌，導致數據不可見、不可用、不敢用等諸多問題。資料安全治理貫穿資料產生、流轉、應用、演化、銷毀的全生命週期，滿足資料確權授權、共享流通、審計溯源等可信任要求，建構了安全保障的管理與技術體系。

正視軍事數據治理的作用價值

軍事數據治理能有效提升數據品質，保障數據安全，促進數據共享，為輔助軍隊建設管理決策、提升軍事研究創新效益發揮賦能作用。

賦能未來作戰運用。未來戰爭，作戰優勢高度依賴數據優勢。瞬息萬變的戰場環境，需要即時匯聚陸、海、空、天、電、網等作戰域的數據，從而獲得決策優勢。在開放、協同、動態、演化的數據生態系統中，高品質數據治理能有效保證數據全生命週期品質與安全。建構現代化的數據引接和共享架構，能夠橫向引接涵蓋聯合作戰各種力量數據，縱向匯聚覆蓋指揮控制、戰場環境、戰備情報等數據，形成支撐多域作戰的數據池，為多域作戰提供實時、多源數據保障。數據治理針對大量匯聚的原始數據，高效去粗取精、去偽存真，萃取高價值信息，使指揮員能夠在未來作戰中實時掌握精確、動態的戰場態勢，並以此為依據準確判斷敵情我情，科學決策部署，精確控製作戰行動，確保多域作戰活動的精確有效率。指揮員根據戰場態勢變化，依據不同類型授權，靈活柔性、快速動態獲取和調用滿足作戰應用的數據，為多域作戰提供更有力的數據支撐和更優質的服務供給。

支撐軍事治理現代化。智能化時代，透過軍事治理要素的數位化採集、標準化處理、網絡化連接，將物理世界高度數據化，以數字形態映射重塑物理世界，實現物理域、資訊域等全領域貫通。藉由資料治理，可以系統化建構跨軍地、跨領域、跨系統的一體化軍事治理資訊網絡平台，有效整合領導、協調、引導、互動等多種治理路徑，驅動碎片化管理向整體性治理轉變。軍事數據治理工作與軍隊戰略管理、裝備建設、訓練保障、軍事科研等業務工作的深度結合，可為規劃計劃、資源調配和管理評估等提供高質量數據，促進軍事治理體系的提質增效。透過數據治理，可以實現數據跨系統、跨部門的有效整合和深度融合，能有效突破傳統管理體系的時間、空間、領域限制，並提升現代軍事治理能力。

助推軍事智能化發展。現代戰爭，作戰雙方力圖採取各種手段獲取、分析和運用戰場數據，數據已成為基於資訊系統的作戰體系整體運行的基本支撐。在資訊化智慧化條件下作戰，作戰體系基於數據運行，作戰決策基於數據產生，作戰行動基於數據牽引，擁有數據優勢是體系聚優制勝的前提。特別是近年來隨著ChatGPT、Sora等通用人工智慧的迅猛發展以及在軍事領域展現出來的巨大效用，相關技術需要高品質的數據來「餵養」。數據品質往往直接決定了智慧演算法模型的「智慧」程度，甚至影響軍事智慧化建設的程度。加強軍事數據治理，可以高效發現、敏捷關聯相關信息，提取並融合多域知識，在動態演化的過程中保持信息的完整性、一致性、鮮活性，為人工智能訓練提供高可信、高可靠、高價值的數據供給，確保其不被“誤導”，增強其可靠性和可解釋性，進而提升人工智能服務復雜戰場態勢感知、精準研判決策的能力。

探索軍事數據治理的實現路徑

數據治理以數據為對象，需理順各方參與者在數據流通各環節的權責關系，形成多方參與者良性互動、共建共享共治的數據流通模式，最大限度地釋放價值。建構軍事資料治理體系，需從資源體系、制度體系、技術體係等方面著手。

構建資源體系。軍事數據業務場景多樣、狀態結構多維、密級分類復雜，為了數據“看得見”“用得好”，數據資源建設需從供給側出發，甄別虛假信息，高效發現、敏捷關聯相關信息，提取並融合多域知識，在動態演化過程中保持資料完整性，形成高品質資料池。可依據不同維度，建構分級分類的軍事資料資源體系，形成統一標識、多維標註、合規安全、層次分明、結構合理的資料空間。依照資料資源分級分類要求，有效控制資料使用權限，避免資料使用管理混亂，實現基於統一資料資源架構的資料可發現、可取得、可理解、可信賴和可互通。

完善製度體系。在經濟社會領域，數據治理框架定義了行使數據相關事務決策權和職責分工的共識，即誰能根據什麼信息，在什麼時間和情況下，用什麼方法，採取什麼行動。軍事數據治理需要結合軍事領域特點、軍事活動流程和應用場景，明確數據在不同的管理機構、安全管轄區域、物理網絡之間跨域流轉的法律法規，明確不同行為主體提供和使用數據的權限、職責與協作模式，建立覆蓋資料收集、整合共享、服務應用、安全管理等活動的規章制度，促進資料建設走向規範化、科學化、制度化，依規、依標、依權限、依場景，採集、處理和應用數據，確保各利益相關者工作協調一致。

升級技術體系。面向未來戰爭，需構築與數據價值釋放更適應、更有效率的安全技術體系，並通過技術手段確保治理制度貫徹執行、落實生效。基於可操作的資料基礎、元資料、資料交換等標準規範，建構資料擷取存取、組織管理、共享交換、安全運控等技術與工具，支援資料的全生命週期管理。透過存取控制、內容保護、操作授權、溯源循證、監管審計等技術手段，確保資料共享與應用滿足合理、合法、合規要求。例如，基於數字對象體系，實現數據「身份證式」管理，確保「一數一源」；基於分散式信任管理體系，實現數據安全共享和可控追溯。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/16339063.html

#Information Support Force, #intellligentization, #中國太空軍, #中國的耗散戰, #中國軍事人工智慧武器化, #新興戰爭技術, Chinese Military Future Wars, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知域戰

Aspects of Chinese intelligent warfare: Artificial intelligence will change the winning mechanism of future Chinese wars

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中國智慧化戰爭看點：人工智慧將改變未來中國戰爭制勝機制

現代英語：

Artificial intelligence technology is an important support for improving strategic capabilities in emerging fields. It has developed rapidly in recent years and is widely used in the military field. It continues to generate new asymmetric advantages and profoundly changes the basic shape, combat methods and winning mechanisms of future wars. We should have a deep understanding of the revolutionary technological power of artificial intelligence, accurately identify changes, respond scientifically, and proactively seek changes, and strive to explore ways to win future wars, and win the initiative in the accelerating intelligent wars.

information mechanism

If you know your enemy and yourself, you can fight a hundred battles without danger. Quickly and effectively mastering all-round information is the primary prerequisite for winning a war. Artificial intelligence can realize intelligent perception of battlefield situation, intelligent analysis of massive data, and intelligent processing of multiple information, and can form a “transparent” advantage on the battlefield.

Autonomous implementation of battlefield awareness. By embedding intelligent modules into wartime reconnaissance systems, various types of reconnaissance node units can achieve random networking, on-the-fly collaboration, and organic integration. They can independently capture battlefield information in all directions and dimensions, and build a relatively “transparent” digital battlefield environment and combat situation. It then clears the “fog” of war and presents combat scenes in a panoramic manner.

Accurate identification of massive data. Relying on intelligent technologies such as precise sensing technology and analysis and recognition technology, it can accurately interpret, analyze, compare and integrate diversified voice, text, pictures, videos and other data to obtain a faster, more complete, more accurate and deeper battlefield situation. The result is far faster and more accurate than human brain processing.

Respond efficiently to key information. Based on intelligent technology groups such as combat cloud, big data, and the Internet of Things, it can quickly excavate large quantities of non-standardized and heterogeneous intelligence data, independently discover symptoms, identify intentions, study trends, find patterns, and respond accurately in real time. Commander’s need for critical information.

Synchronize and share the integration situation. The intelligent control system can optimize and integrate various reconnaissance and surveillance systems distributed in different spaces and frequency domains such as land, sea, air and space power grids, and play an important hub role in sharing information and unified cognition, building a system based on “one picture” and “one picture”. The “open network” and “one chain” situation enables all combat units to synchronously share the required information from different spaces, distances, and frequencies in all areas, all frequencies, and all the time, realizing wisdom sharing.

Decision-making mechanism

If the husband has not fought yet and the temple is considered the winner, he must be considered the winner. Scientific and accurate decision-making is a prerequisite for winning a war. Artificial intelligence can conduct dynamic battlefield simulations, quickly make feasible decisions, significantly shorten the operational planning and decision-making cycle, and form a decision-making advantage.

Intelligent analysis and judgment of strategic situations. The decision-making assistance system integrated with artificial intelligence technology has functions such as information collection, query management, data processing, and correlation analysis. It can effectively break through the limitations of human analysis capabilities, maximize the elimination of falsehoods and preserve truths, correlation verification, and link thinking, and automatically conduct analysis of the enemy’s situation, our situation, and our situation. Big data analysis such as battlefield environment can form comparative data on relevant troops, weapons, etc., which can effectively assist combat command and help commanders quickly make combat decisions.

Intelligent selection of combat plans. Relying on the intelligent combat simulation system, based on the pre-entered combat missions and target information, multiple sets of intuitive plans and plans are automatically generated, comprehensively evaluate their advantages, disadvantages and potential risks, and select the plan that is most conducive to realizing the commander’s intention. for the commander to make the final decision. After receiving combat missions and target requirements from superiors, each combat unit further screens and screens battlefield target information based on the tasks and requirements at this level, and independently formulates the optimal solutions and plans at this level to maximize combat effectiveness.

Intelligent prediction of decision-making effectiveness. The intelligent auxiliary decision-making system relies on intelligent technologies such as big data, high-performance computing, and neural network algorithms to give the command and control system more advanced “brain-like” capabilities. It can think more rationally about unexpected situations on the battlefield and quickly draw relative conclusions. Objective results of the engagement.

power control mechanism

Powerful people control power because of profit. Seizing power is a key factor in gaining a winning edge in war. Artificial intelligence can “transplant” part of human intelligence into weapons, making the integration of humans and weapon systems closer and closer. In-depth human-machine integration has changed the traditional elements of power control and given new power control connotations, which can help to obtain new technologies. control advantage.

Territorial power expanded to high frontiers. In the future, highly intelligent unmanned systems will operate in extreme environments such as extreme heights, extreme distances, extreme depths, extremely low temperatures, extreme darkness, and extreme brightness, even under harsh conditions such as high temperature, extreme cold, high pressure, hypoxia, poison, and radiation. , a variety of combat missions can still be carried out, and the battle for control of the combat field and combat space extends to high frontiers, far frontiers, and deep frontiers.

Expand the right to control information to multiple means. The traditional way of seizing and controlling information power is to control the acquisition, processing, and distribution of information by attacking the enemy’s reconnaissance and early warning system and destroying its command and control system. However, information operations led by artificial intelligence use information itself as “ammunition”. ”, the means to seize the right to control information are more diverse.

Network control rights are expanded to distributed areas. The network information system built based on intelligent technology provides a ubiquitous network “cloud” to aggregate battlefield resources of various terminals and provide services. It can realize modular grouping and automatic reorganization of combat forces. Traditionally, it can achieve network outage and destruction by attacking key nodes. The purpose of the chain will be difficult to achieve, and the “decentralized” battlefield must be dealt with in an intelligent distributed attack mode.

Brain power expands to new dimensions. The gradual militarization of brain-inspired technology and simulation technology has formed a new field of games and confrontations. The focus has shifted from focusing on confrontation in the physical and information domains to more emphasis on influencing and controlling the opponent’s psychology. Technologies such as virtual reality and audio-visual synthesis can confuse fakes with real ones. “Core attack warfare” can quietly change the enemy’s command and control system algorithm, and “brain control warfare” can directly control the enemy’s decision-making. By controlling and influencing the enemy’s psychology, thinking, will, etc., it can achieve control at the minimum cost. The purpose of war and victory.

Mechanism of action

The passion of soldiers is the key to speed, taking advantage of others’ disadvantages. Taking actions that the enemy does not expect is the key to winning a war. Artificial intelligence can improve the intelligence of weapons and equipment, command and control systems, and operational decision-making, making maneuver response capabilities faster and joint strike capabilities more accurate, creating a super operational advantage.

The speed of action is “instantaneous”. The intelligent combat system can see, hear, learn, and think, effectively shortening the “OODA” cycle. Once an “opportunity is found,” it will use intelligently controlled hypersonic weapons, kinetic energy weapons, and lasers. Weapons, etc., can quickly “kill” targets from a long distance.

The action style is “unmanned”. “Unmanned + intelligence” is the future development direction of weapons and equipment. Low-cost unmanned autonomous equipment such as unmanned vehicles, drones, and unmanned underwater vehicles, with the support of the cluster autonomous decision-making system, can plan the task division of each unit according to the combat objectives, and accurately dock and autonomously combine the unmanned aerial vehicles. , covert penetration, and carry out cluster saturation attacks on the enemy.

The space for action “blurs”. In future wars, using interference means to carry out soft attacks on the enemy’s intelligent combat systems and smart weapons, and using smart weapons to delay or affect the decision-making and psychology of enemy personnel will become the key to victory. Most of these actions were completed unknowingly or silently, presenting a “blurred” state in which neither the enemy nor ourselves were visible, the boundaries between the front and the rear were unclear, and the visible and invisible were difficult to distinguish.

The operational layout is “invisible”. Intelligent command systems and weapons and equipment have bionic and stealth properties. As long as they are deployed in possible combat areas in advance during peacetime preparations or training exercises, they are lurking in advance, dormant and ready for battle. Once needed in wartime, they can be activated in a timely manner to launch a sudden attack on the enemy, which will help to quickly grasp the initiative in the war.

System mechanism

Five things and seven strategies to know the outcome. Future wars will be systematic confrontations in all fields, systems, elements, and processes. A stable and efficient combat system is the basic support for winning the war. As the application of artificial intelligence in the military field continues to expand, the combat system is becoming more and more intelligent, and a fully integrated combat system will produce powerful system advantages.

There are more means of “detection”. The intelligent combat cluster relies on the network information system to connect with various large-scale sensors, electronic warfare systems and other human-machine interaction platforms. It uses each combat unit’s own detection and sensing equipment to obtain battlefield data, leverages the self-organizing characteristics of the intelligent group, and strengthens joint operations. The real-time reconnaissance and surveillance support of the system and back-end intelligence analysis can realize full-area reconnaissance and search, joint early warning, and collaborative verification, forming a multi-dimensional integrated, full-area coverage large-area joint reconnaissance intelligence system.

The field of “control” is wider. The use of intelligent unmanned combat platforms can break through the logical limits of human thinking, the physiological limits of the senses, and the physical limits of existence, and replace humans into traditional restricted areas of life such as the deep sea, space, polar regions, and areas with strong radiation, and stay there for a long time. Implement “unconventional operations” to further expand the combat space and have the ability to continue to deter opponents in a wider area.

“Hit” is faster. With the support of the intelligent network information system, the intelligence chain, command chain, and kill chain are seamlessly connected. Information transmission speed, decision-making speed, and action speed are simultaneously accelerated. Intelligent combat units can be flexibly organized, autonomously coordinated, and struck quickly. All these make time utilization extremely efficient and battlefield reaction speed extremely fast.

The accuracy of “evaluation” is more accurate. Using intelligent technologies such as experiential interactive learning and brain-like behavioral systems, the intelligent combat assessment system can independently collect, aggregate and classify multi-means action effect assessment information, accurately perceive battlefield actions based on big data and panoramic views, and dynamically identify Combat process and correct deficiencies, predict complex battlefield changes, comprehensively plan and respond flexibly.

“Guarantee” is more efficient. The widespread application of intelligent comprehensive support systems, represented by equipment maintenance expert systems and intelligent sensing equipment, can efficiently respond to support needs in various domains, intelligently plan support resources, ensure that the “cloud” aggregates various battlefield resources, and effectively enhances the networked battlefield Comprehensive support capabilities.

(Author’s unit: Henan Provincial Military Region)

現代國語：

人工智慧技術是提升新興領域策略能力的重要支持。近年來發展迅速，在軍事領域廣泛應用。它不斷生成新的不對稱優勢，深刻改變未來戰爭的基本形態、作戰方式和勝利機制。我們應該深刻認識人工智慧革命性技術力量，準確辨識變化、科學應對、主動求變，努力探索打贏未來戰爭的辦法，在加速推進的智慧化戰爭中奪取主動權。

資訊機制

知己知彼，百戰不殆。迅速有效地掌握全方位資訊是贏得戰爭的首要前提。人工智慧可以實現戰場態勢的智慧感知、大量數據的智慧分析、多種資訊的智慧處理，可以在戰場上形成「透明」優勢。

自主實施戰場感知。透過在戰時偵察系統中嵌入智慧模組，使各類偵察節點單元實現隨機組網、動態協同、有機融合。它們能夠自主獲取全方位、多維度的戰場訊息，建構相對「透明」的數位化戰場環境和作戰態勢。它撥開戰爭的“迷霧”，全景式地呈現戰鬥場景。

海量資料精準識別。依托精準感知技術、分析辨識技術等智慧技術，對多樣化的語音、文字、圖片、視訊等數據進行精準解讀、分析、比較與整合，獲得更快、更全、更準、更深層的戰場態勢。其結果比人腦處理的速度更快、更準確。

有效響應關鍵訊息。基於作戰雲、大數據、物聯網等智慧技術群，快速挖掘大量非標準化、異質情報數據，自主發現症狀、辨識意圖、研究趨勢、尋找模式、精準應對即時。指揮官需要關鍵資訊。

同步分享整合情況。智慧控制系統能夠優化整合陸、海、空、天電網等分佈在不同空間、不同頻域的各種偵察監視系統，發揮資訊共享、統一認知的重要樞紐作用，建構基於智慧感知的體系。一張圖」與「一張圖」。 「開網」「一條鏈」的局面，使各作戰單元能夠全地域、全頻率、全時間，同步分享不同空間、不同距離、不同頻率的所需信息，實現智慧共享。

決策機制

如果丈夫還沒有戰鬥，而寺廟被認為是勝利者，那麼他必須被視為勝利者。科學準確的決策是贏得戰爭的前提。人工智慧可以進行動態戰場模擬，快速做出可行決策，大幅縮短作戰規劃和決策週期，形成決策優勢。

智能分析判斷戰略情勢。融入人工智慧技術的決策輔助系統具有資訊收集、查詢管理、資料處理、關聯分析等功能。能有效突破人的分析能力限制，最大限度實現去偽存真、關聯驗證、連結思考，自動進行敵情、我情、我勢分析。戰場環境等大數據分析可以形成相關兵力、武器裝備等比較數據，可以有效輔助作戰指揮，幫助指揮官快速做出作戰決策。

智慧選擇作戰計畫。依托智能作戰模擬系統，根據預先輸入的作戰任務和目標訊息，自動產生多套直觀的作戰方案和計劃，綜合評估其優勢、劣勢及潛在風險，選取最有利於實現了指揮官的意圖。由指揮官作出最終決定。各作戰單元接到上級作戰任務和目標要求後，依據本級任務和要求，對戰場目標資訊進行進一步甄別篩選，自主制定本級最優解決方案和預案，最大限度提高戰鬥力。

智慧預測決策的有效性。智慧輔助決策系統依賴大數據、高效能運算、神經網路演算法等智慧技術，賦予指揮控制系統更先進的「類大腦」能力。能夠更理性地思考戰場上的突發狀況，並迅速得出相關結論。參與的客觀成果。

權力控制機制

有權勢的人因為利益而控制權力。奪取政權是戰爭中取得勝利的關鍵因素。人工智慧可以將人類部分智慧「移植」到武器中，使得人與武器系統的結合越來越緊密。人機深度融合改變了傳統的動力控制要素，賦予了動力控制新的內涵，有助於獲得新的技術。控制優勢。

領土權力擴展到高地邊境。未來高度智慧的無人系統將在極高、極遠、極深、極低溫、極暗、極亮等極端環境下，甚至在高溫、極寒、高壓、缺氧、中毒和輻射。 ，多種作戰任務仍可實施，戰場和作戰空間控制權的爭奪向高邊、遠邊、深邊延伸。

將資訊控制權拓展到多種手段。奪取和控制資訊權的傳統方式是透過攻擊敵方偵察預警系統、摧毀敵方指揮控制系統來控制資訊的取得、處理和發布。然而，人工智慧主導的資訊作戰，是以資訊本身作為「彈藥」的。 ”，奪取資訊控制權的手段更加多樣化。

網路控制權擴展至分散式區域。基於智慧技術建構的網路資訊體系，提供無所不在的網路“雲”，聚合各類終端的戰場資源並提供服務。可實現作戰力量模組化編組和自動重組。傳統上它透過攻擊關鍵節點來實現網路中斷和破壞。鏈上的目的將很難實現，必須以智慧分散式的攻擊方式來應對「去中心化」的戰場。

腦力拓展至新的維度。類腦技術、模擬技術逐漸軍事化，形成了新的博弈與對抗領域。從注重身體和資訊領域的對抗，轉向更加重視影響和控制對手的心理。虛擬實境、視聽合成等技術可以使真假混淆。 「核心攻擊戰」可以悄悄改變敵人的指揮控制系統演算法，「腦控戰」則可以直接控制敵人的決策。透過控制和影響敵人的心理、思維、意誌等，以最小的代價來實現控制。戰爭的目的和勝利。

作用機制

士兵的熱情是速度的關鍵，利用別人的劣勢。採取敵方意想不到的行動是贏得戰爭的關鍵。人工智慧可以提升武器裝備、指揮控制系統、作戰決策的智慧化，讓機動反應能力更快速、聯合打擊能力更精準，打造超級作戰優勢。

作用速度是「瞬時的」。智慧作戰系統能夠看、聽、學、想，有效縮短「OODA」週期。一旦“發現機會”，它就會使用智慧控制的高超音速武器、動能武器和雷射。武器等，可以從遠距離快速「殺死」目標。

行動方式為「無人化」。 「無人化+智能化」是未來武器裝備的發展方向。無人駕駛汽車、無人機、無人潛航器等低成本無人自主裝備，在集群自主決策系統支援下，可依作戰目標規劃各單元任務分工，精準對接、自主組合無人駕駛飛行器。 、隱蔽滲透，對敵方實施集群飽和攻擊。

行動空間「模糊」。未來戰爭中，利用乾擾手段對敵方智慧作戰系統和智慧武器實施軟攻擊，利用智慧武器延緩或影響敵方人員的決策和心理，將成為勝利的關鍵。這些動作大多是在不知不覺中或默默無聞地完成的，呈現出一種「模糊」的狀態，雙方都沒有意識到。無論是敵人還是自己，都是看不見的，前方與後方的界線不清，看得見與看不見的難以區分。

作戰佈局「隱形」。智慧指揮系統和武器裝備具有仿生、隱身性能。只要在平時準備或訓練演習中，提前部署到可能的作戰區域，就是提前潛伏，蟄伏，隨時準備戰鬥。一旦戰爭需要，可以及時投入使用，對敵人發動突襲，有利於迅速掌握戰爭主動權。

系統機制

五件事和七種策略可知結果。未來戰爭將是各領域、各體系、各要素、各過程的系統對抗。穩定、有效率的作戰體係是打贏戰爭的基礎支撐。隨著人工智慧在軍事領域應用範圍不斷拓展，作戰體系智慧化程度越來越高，全面整合的作戰體系將產生強大的體系優勢。

「檢測」的手段還有很多。智慧作戰集群依托網路資訊體系，連結各類大型感測器、電子戰系統及其他的人機互動平台。它利用各作戰單元本身的探測感測設備取得戰場數據，發揮智慧群體自組織特點，加強聯合作戰。透過系統性的即時偵察監視保障和後端情報分析，可實現全域偵察搜尋、聯合預警、協同核查，形成多維度一體化、全域覆蓋的大區域聯合偵察情報系統。

「控制」的領域更加廣泛。利用智慧無人作戰平台，可以突破人類思維的邏輯極限、感官的生理極限、生存的物理極限，取代人類進入深海、太空、極地等傳統生命禁區。實施“非常規作戰”，進一步拓展作戰空間，具備在更廣闊區域持續威懾對手的能力。

「打」得更快。在智慧化網路資訊系統支援下，情報鏈、指揮鏈、殺傷鏈無縫銜接。訊息傳遞速度、決策速度、行動速度同步加快。智慧作戰部隊能夠靈活組織、自主協同、快速出擊。這些使得時間利用率極高，戰場反應速度極快。

「評價」的準確性更加準確。智慧作戰評估系統利用體驗式互動學習、類腦行為系統等智慧技術，自主採集、聚合、分類多手段行動效果評估信息，基於大數據和全景視圖精準感知戰場行動，動態識別戰場態勢，實現戰場態勢感知與決策支撐。

「保」更有效率。以裝備維修專家系統、智慧感知裝備為代表的智慧化綜合保障系統的廣泛應用，能有效率地回應各領域保障需求，智慧規劃保障資源，確保「雲端」聚合各類戰場資源，有效提升保障水準。化戰場綜合保障能力。

（作者單位：河南省軍區）

中國原創軍事資源：

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Comprehensive Review of Chinese Military Intelligent Warfare: Intelligent Combat Command

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中國軍事智慧戰爭全面回顧：智慧作戰指揮

現代英語：

Liu Kui, Qin Fangfei

Tips

● Modern artificial intelligence is essentially like a “brain in a vat”. If it is allowed to carry out combat command, it will always face the problem of subjectivity loss, that is, “self” loss. This makes artificial intelligence have natural and fundamental defects. It must be based on human subjectivity and improve the effectiveness and level of combat command through human-machine hybrid.

● In intelligent combat command, the commander is mainly responsible for planning what to do and how to do it, while the intelligent model is responsible for planning how to do it specifically.

“Brain in a vat” is a famous scientific hypothesis. It means that if a person’s brain is taken out and placed in a nutrient solution, the nerve endings are connected to a computer, and the computer simulates various sensory signals. At this time, can the “brain in a vat” realize that “I am a brain in a vat”? The answer is no, because as a closed system, when a person lacks real interactive experience with the outside world, he cannot jump out of himself, observe himself from outside himself, and form self-awareness. Modern artificial intelligence is essentially like a “brain in a vat”. If it is allowed to implement combat command, it will always face the problem of subject loss, that is, “self” loss. This makes artificial intelligence have natural and fundamental defects, and it must be based on human subjectivity and improve the effectiveness and level of combat command through human-machine hybrid.

Based on “free choice”, build a “man-planned” command model

On the battlefield, the commander can choose which target to attack, and can choose to attack from the front, from the flank, from the back, or from the air; he can isolate but not attack, surround but not attack, talk but not attack… This is human autonomy, and he can freely choose what to do and how to do it. But machines can’t do that. The combat plans they give can only be the plans implied in the intelligent model. As far as the specific plan given each time is concerned, it is also the most likely plan in the sense of probability statistics. This makes the plans generated by artificial intelligence tend to be “templated”, which is equivalent to a “replica machine”. It gives similar answers to the same questions and similar combat plans for the same combat scenarios.

Compared with artificial intelligence, different commanders design completely different combat plans for the same combat scenario; the same commander designs different combat plans when facing similar combat scenarios at different times. “Attack when the enemy is unprepared and take them by surprise”, the most effective plan may seem to be the most dangerous and impossible plan. For commanders, facing combat scenarios, there are infinite possibilities in an instant, while for artificial intelligence, there is only the best-looking certainty in an instant, lacking creativity and strategy, and it is easy for the opponent to predict it. Therefore, in intelligent combat command, based on human autonomy, the commander is responsible for planning and calculation, innovating tactics and tactics, and designing basic strategies, and the machine is responsible for converting basic strategies into executable and operational combat plans, forming a “man-planned” command mode. More importantly, autonomy is the unique mark of human existence as human being. This power of free decision-making cannot and is not allowed to be transferred to machines, making people become vassals of machines.

Based on “self-criticism”, build a command model of “people against machine”

Human growth and progress are usually based on the real self, focus on the ideal self, and criticize the historical self in a negation-negation style. Artificial intelligence has no “self” and has lost its self-critical ability. This makes it only able to solve problems within the original cognitive framework. The combat ideas, combat principles, and tactics of the model are given when the training is completed. If you want to update and improve your knowledge and ideas, you must continuously train the model from the outside. Mapped to a specific combat scenario, the intelligent model can only provide the commander with a pre-given problem solution. It is impossible to dynamically adjust and update it continuously during a battle.

People with a self-critical spirit can jump out of the command decision-making thinking process and review, evaluate, and criticize the command decision. In the continuous self-criticism, the combat plan is constantly adjusted, and even the original plan is overturned to form a new plan. In the command organization group, other commanders may also express different opinions on the combat plan. The commander adjusts and improves the original plan on the basis of fully absorbing these opinions, and realizes the dynamic evolution of the combat plan. Therefore, combat command is essentially a dynamic process of continuous forward exploration, not a static process given in advance by the combat plan. When the machine generates a combat plan, the commander cannot accept it blindly without thinking, but should act as an “opponent” or “fault finder”, reflect on and criticize the combat plan, and raise objections. Based on the human’s objections, the machine assists the commander to continuously adjust and optimize the combat plan, forming a command mode of “human opposing and machine correcting”.

Based on “self-awareness and initiative”, we build a command model of “people lead and machines follow”

Comrade Mao Zedong once said that what we call “conscious initiative” is the characteristic that distinguishes humans from objects. Any complex practical activity to transform the world starts with a rough and abstract idea. To transform abstract concepts into concrete actions, it is necessary to overcome various risks and challenges, give full play to conscious initiative, and take the initiative to set goals, make suggestions, and think of ways. Artificial intelligence without conscious initiative, when people ask it questions, it only gives the answers implied in the model, without caring whether the answer can be used, targeted, or practical. In other words, when an abstract and empty question is raised, it gives an abstract and empty answer. This is also why the current popular large model unified operation mode is “people ask questions and machines answer”, rather than “machines ask questions”.

Relying on conscious initiative, even the most abstract and empty problems can be transformed step by step into specific action plans and specific action practices. Therefore, in intelligent combat command, the commander is mainly responsible for planning what to do and what ideas to follow, while the intelligent model is responsible for planning how to do it specifically. If the combat mission is too abstract and general, the commander should first break down the problem into details, and then the intelligent model should solve the detailed problem. Under the guidance of the commander, the problem is gradually solved in stages and fields, and the combat goal is finally achieved, forming a command mode of “people lead and machines follow”. It’s like writing a paper. First you make an outline and then you start writing. People are responsible for making the outline, and the specific writing is done by the machine. If the first-level outline is not specific enough, people can break it down into a second-level or even a third-level outline.

Based on “self-responsibility”, build a command model of “human decision-making and machine calculation”

Modern advanced ship-borne air defense and anti-missile systems usually have four operational modes: manual, semi-automatic, standard automatic, and special automatic. Once the special automatic mode is activated, the system will no longer require human authorization to launch missiles. However, this mode is rarely activated in actual combat or training. The reason is that humans, as the responsible subject, must be responsible for all their actions, while the behavior of machines is the absence of the responsible subject. When it comes to holding people accountable for major mistakes, machines cannot be held accountable. Therefore, life-and-death matters must not be decided by a machine without autonomous responsibility. Moreover, modern artificial intelligence is a “black box”. The intelligent behavior it exhibits is inexplicable, and the reasons for right and wrong are unknown, making it impossible for people to easily hand over important decision-making power to machines.

Because AI lacks “autonomous responsibility”, all problems in its eyes are “domesticated problems”, that is, the consequences of such problems have nothing to do with the respondent, and the success or failure of the problem solving is irrelevant to the respondent. Corresponding to this are “wild problems”, that is, the consequences of such problems are closely related to the respondent, and the respondent must be involved. Therefore, in the eyes of AI without self, there are no “wild problems”, all are “domesticated problems”, and it stays out of any problem. Therefore, in intelligent combat command, machines cannot replace commanders in making judgments and decisions. It can provide commanders with key knowledge, identify battlefield targets, organize battlefield intelligence, analyze battlefield conditions, predict battlefield situations, and even form combat plans, formulate combat plans, and draft combat orders. However, the plans, plans, and orders it gives can only be used as drafts and references. As for whether to adopt them and to what extent, it is up to the commander to decide. In short, both parties make decisions together, with artificial intelligence responsible for prediction and humans responsible for judgment, forming a command mode of “human decision-making and machine calculation”.

現代國語：

從「缸中之腦」看智慧化作戰指揮

■劉 奎 秦芳菲

要點提示

●現代人工智慧，本質上就如同“缸中之腦”，如果讓它實施作戰指揮，始終會面臨主體缺失即“自我”缺失的問題。這使得人工智慧存在天然的、根本的缺陷，必須基於人的主體性，透過人機混合來提升作戰指揮效能和水平

●智能化作戰指揮中，指揮員主要負責規劃做什麼、依什麼思路做，智能模型則負責規劃具體怎麼做

「缸中之腦」是一項著名科學假設。意思是，假如人的大腦被取出放在營養液中，神經末梢接上計算機，由計算機模擬出各種感知信號。這時候，「缸中之腦」能不能意識到「我是缸中之腦」？答案是不能，因為人作為一個封閉的系統，當與外界缺乏真實的互動體驗時，人是無法跳出自身、從自身之外觀察自身並形成自我意識的。而現代人工智慧，本質上就如同“缸中之腦”，如果讓它實施作戰指揮，始終會面臨主體缺失即“自我”缺失的問題。這使得人工智慧存在天然的、根本的缺陷，必須基於人的主體性，透過人機混合來提升作戰指揮效能和水準。

基於“自由選擇”，建構“人謀機劃”的指揮模式

戰場上，指揮員可以選擇打哪一個目標，可以選擇從正面打、從翼側打、從背後打、從空中打；可以隔而不打、圍而不打、談而不打……這就是人的自主性，可以自由選擇做什麼、怎麼做。但機器不行，它給出的作戰方案，只能是智慧模型中蘊含的方案。就每次給出的特定方案而言，也是機率統計意義上可能性最大的方案。這使得人工智慧生成的方案呈現“模板化”傾向，相當於一個“復刻機”，同樣的問題，它給出的是相似的回答，同樣的作戰場景，它給出的就是相似的作戰方案。

與人工智慧相比，同樣的作戰場景，不同的指揮員設計的作戰方案完全不同；同一指揮員在不同的時間面對相似的作戰場景，設計的作戰方案也不相同。 “攻其無備，出其不意”，最有效的方案很可能看上去是最危險、最不可能的方案。對於指揮員，面對作戰場景，一瞬間有無限可能，而對於人工智慧，一瞬間卻只有看上去最好的確定，缺乏創意、缺少謀略，很容易為對方所預料。所以，在智慧化作戰指揮中，要基於人的自主性，由指揮員負責籌謀算計、創新戰法打法、設計基本策略，由機器負責將基本策略轉化為可執行可操作的作戰方案，形成「人謀機劃」的指揮模式。更重要的是，自主性是人作為人而存在的獨特標志，這種自由作決定的權力不可能也不允許讓渡給機器，使人淪為機器的附庸。

基於“自我批判”，建構“人反機正”的指揮模式

人類的成長進步，通常是立足現實自我，著眼理想自我，對歷史自我進行否定之否定式的批判。人工智慧沒有“自我”，同時也喪失了自我批判能力。這使得它只能停留在原有認知框架內解決問題，模型擁有的作戰思想、作戰原則、戰法打法，是在訓練完成時所給予的。如果想獲得知識和想法的更新提升，就必須從外部對模型進行持續訓練。映射到特定作戰場景，智慧模型給指揮員提供的只能是事先給定的問題解決方案，要想在一次作戰中不斷地動態調整更新是做不到的。

具有自我批判精神的人類，可以跳脫指揮決策思考過程，對指揮決策進行審視、評價、批判。在持續地自我批判中不斷對作戰方案進行調整，甚至推翻原有方案，形成新的方案。在指揮機構群體中，其他指揮人員也可能對作戰方案提出不同意見，指揮員在充分吸納這些意見的基礎上，調整改進原有方案，實現作戰方案的動態進化。所以，作戰指揮本質上是一個不斷向前探索的動態過程，不是作戰方案事先給定的靜態過程。當機器生成作戰方案時，指揮員不能不加思考地盲目接受，而應充當“反對者”“找茬人”，對作戰方案展開反思批判，提出反對意見，機器根據人的反對意見，輔助指揮員不斷調整、優化作戰方案，形成「人反機正」的指揮模式。

基於“自覺能動”，建立“人引機隨”的指揮模式

毛澤東同志說過，我們名之曰“自覺的能動性”，是人之所以區別於物的特點。任何一項改造世界的複雜實踐活動，都是從粗糙的、抽象的想法開始的，要將抽象觀念轉化為具體行動，需要克服各種風險和挑戰，充分發揮自覺能動性，主動定目標、出主意、想辦法。沒有自覺能動性的人工智慧，人們向它提出問題，它給出的只是模型中蘊含的答案，而不會管這個答案能不能用、有沒有針對性、可不可以實際操作，即提出抽象、空洞的問題，它給出的就是抽象、空洞的回答。這也是為什麼時下流行的大模型統一的運行模式是“人問機答”，而不是“機器提出問題”。

依賴自覺能動性，再抽象、空洞的問題都能由人一步一步轉化為具體的行動方案、具體的行動實踐。因此，在智慧化作戰指揮中，指揮員主要負責規劃做什麼、依什麼思路做，智慧模型則負責規劃具體怎麼做。若作戰任務太過抽象籠統，應先由指揮員對問題進行分解細化，再由智慧模型對細化後的問題進行解算。在指揮引導下，分階段、分領域逐步解決問題，最終達成作戰目標，形成「人引機隨」的指揮模式。這就像寫一篇論文，先列出提綱，再進行寫作，列提綱由人負責，具體寫作由機器完成，如果感覺一級綱目不夠具體，可由人細化為二級乃至三級綱目。

基於“自主負責”，建立“人斷機算”的指揮模式

現代先進的艦載防空反導系統，通常有手動、半自動、標準自動、特殊自動四種作戰模式，一旦啟用特殊自動模式，系統發射導彈將不再需要人的授權幹預。但該模式無論在實戰還是在訓練中都很少啟用。究其原因，人作為責任主體要對自己的所有行為負責，而機器行為背後卻是責任主體的缺失，當要為重大失誤追責時，機器是無法負責的。所以，生死攸關的大事決不能讓一個沒有自主責任的機器決定。況且，現代人工智慧是一個“黑箱”，它所展現的智能行為具有不可解釋性，對與錯的原因無從知曉，讓人無法輕易將重大決定權完全交給機器。

由於人工智慧缺乏“自主責任”，會使它眼中的問題全是“馴化問題”，也就是該類問題產生的後果與回答者沒有關系，問題解決的成功也罷、失敗也罷，對回答者來說無所謂。與之相應的是“野生問題”，也就是該類問題產生的後果與回答者息息相關，回答者必須置身其中。所以，在缺失自我的人工智慧眼中沒有“野生問題”，都是“馴化問題”，它對任何問題都置身事外。因此，在智慧化作戰指揮中，機器不能取代指揮員做出判斷和決策。它可以為指揮員提供關鍵知識、識別戰場目標、整編戰場情報、分析戰場情況、預測戰場態勢，甚至可以形成作戰方案、制定作戰計劃、擬製作戰命令，但它給出的方案計劃命令，只能作為草稿和參考，至於採不採用、在多大程度上採用，還得指揮員說了算。簡單來說，就是雙方共同做出決策，人工智慧負責預測，人負責判斷，形成「人斷機算」的指揮模式。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16361814.html