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China’s Military, Information Warfare & Interpretation of the PLA’s Strategic Support Units

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中國軍事信息戰解读解放军战略支援部队

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December 31, 2015, People’s Liberation Army’s governing bodies, the PLA rocket forces, the PLA strategic support troops inaugural meeting was held in August Building.The Army is the armed forces of our party was first built, which needless to say, the military rocket is an upgraded version of the Second Artillery Corps, reflects the strategic support great power status, do not need to deny self, then this strategy support troops may be too mysterious.

Because at the inaugural meeting, the CPC Central Committee General Secretary and State President and CMC Chairman Xi Jinping to the Army, rocket forces, strategic support units and granted the flag caused precepts. This means that the strategic support units, and the People’s Liberation Army is the Army, Navy, Air Force, Army rocket same level independent military services. And with respect to the Army’s “name” and the Second Artillery Rocket Army “named” upgrade, strategic support since the Second Artillery Force of the PLA has become established, the birth of the only new military services. From the point of view of modern high-tech local wars, armed forces and strategic nuclear strike force contains basically the main mode of combat and battlefield environment, then this strategy support troops, and what capability, turned out to be able to come to the fore?

Strategic support troops inaugural meeting, President Xi strategic support units carried out the following qualitative: strategic support units is to maintain national security of new combat forces is an important growth point of our military combat capability of quality. Strategic support units to adhere to all officers and soldiers system integration, civil-military integration, and strive to achieve leapfrog development in key areas, starting point to promote high standards of combat forces to accelerate the development of new, integrated development, strive to build a strong modernization strategy support units.

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There are a few key words: new combat forces, combat new quality capability, system integration, civil-military integration, key areas.

Xinhua News Agency news show, strategic support unit’s first commander was Gaojin. Network data shows he originally from Jiangsu Province, of the Jingjiang people. 1985 Gao-Jin enters the PLA Second Artillery Command College. July 2006, promoted to the rank of major general, served as the PLA Second Artillery Force 52 base commander. In December 2011, he served as chief of staff of the PLA Second Artillery Force. August 2013, promoted to the rank of lieutenant.In July 2014, he was transferred to the Assistant Chief of Staff. In December 2014, he was promoted to president of Academy of Military Sciences, and replace older than 1 year old deputy chief of staff YiXiaoguang will become the youngest Chinese Military general officer, Military Academy is the youngest president in history.

On November 2, 2015,Gaojin became a strategic support troops commander in the first 60 days, “Liberation Army Daily” published a paper entitled “deepen defense and military reform is the only way the army strong army Hing,” the signed article . Article specifically mentioned: the world’s new military revolution is an important component of the key variables in the world today and the great development and changes and major adjustments, the large its speed, scope, degree of depth, the impact of the unprecedented. Following another face of this epoch-making revolution in military weapon cold, hot weapons, mechanized military revolution after the world’s major countries competing to adjust its military strategy, stepping up military transformation, in order to reshape the military information as the core morphology, reconstruction of military force system. In the form of war from mechanization to informationization of qualitative leap, under conditions of nuclear deterrence armed Skynet electrical integration of joint operations is increasingly becoming a reality, from the battlefield to the traditional space high, deep, very far from the physical space and virtual space to expand non symmetric, non-contact, non-line combat style more mature, battle to seize control of information has become a comprehensive control over the core mechanism of winning the war profoundly changed.

Armed Skynet electrical integration joint commander Gaojin said nuclear deterrence combat conditions, where “day”, it never refers to the Army’s rocket missile, but in outer space, “net” is in cyberspace, “power” is the electromagnetic space. Modern high-tech local wars, armed forces military remains the key to victory, but also the main battleground in the sea and air space, but a typical characteristic of information warfare is asymmetrical, non-contact, non-line operations, and achieve the key to this transformation is in outer space, cyberspace and electromagnetic space “three special battlefield.” Due to the large electromagnetic space and physical isolation from the impact, typically have only tactical significance. Whereas outer space and cyberspace, it is high, deep, very far from ubiquitous in the physical space and virtual space, which has a strategic significance. On both the battlefield flame, not flesh and blood flying, but dangerous worse than conventional battlefield, troops could have a corresponding force building and sound command response agencies, the result will be a conventional battlefield the outcome must have an important and even qualitative impact.

This is the meaning of China’s “strategic support” forces. Reasoning logically, Chinese strategic support units, it may be in outer space and cyberspace “new combat forces” for giving our military the “new mass combat capability” new growth point.

In order to achieve this capability “strategic support” of military power have set up competing celestial army (troops outer space) and Cyber ​​Army (network warfare units). US troops in outer space, from the “Decree” system, troops belonging to the armed forces, including missile and space defense forces, the Navy’s carrier-based anti-missile forces, the Air Force C4ISR and the use of space satellites Army troops, and in the “military orders on “system, these forces are unified owned by the US strategic command headquarters. In 2009, under the US Strategic Command has established a new subordinate command, namely Network Warfare Command, the unified command of the US Armed Corps network warfare units.

Russia in December 2011 set up air and space defense troops, but it was such a force has only arms and the operational level status, the military power of the central air and space defense forces only jurisdiction, but can not solve Russia’s air defense force under unified command of proposal question. August 1, 2015, the Russian air force and air defense forces, air defense forces merged to form the air and space forces. Which it is now Russia has no air force in the traditional sense. Air and space defense forces will remain the unified command of the Russian General Staff, and the direct leadership of the day will be empty Army General Headquarters. Aerospace duty Army is responsible for unified management of air, anti-aircraft and anti-missile forces, and Russian satellite orbit Cluster spacecraft launch and management. In addition, the missile attack warning systems and space surveillance systems within the scope of the jurisdiction of military air and space.

From the public point of view, so far Russia has not yet set up as a dedicated network warfare units like the US, but does not have a special unified command structure.

Advances in technology, to make human use of outer space and cyberspace, to achieve the purpose of the military, but that does not mean big opportunities for state-owned, have the ability and courage to break the old military system, to adapt to the new form of war requirements. How to build a national unified command and outer space and cyberspace defense system. Russia and the United States gave us a lot of lessons.

The United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War hegemony, had spent heavily in the development of military platforms and a lot of space weapons systems, but the US military space systems, almost all rests in the hands of the Air Force, and the Soviet Union established the Strategic Rocket Forces troops. Visible, the US military is relying on the armed services to build space defense system, and the former Soviet Union is the establishment of a new military services.

At the end of the Cold War, the Russian strategic rocket forces in the original, based on an independent arms to draw a military space forces. March 2011, the Russian military space forces again, based on the formation of air and space defense troops.However, under the oppression of US nuclear weapons, global strike, anti-missile and other space powers, Russia and aerospace field is still fragmented, air and space attack threats it faces increasingly severe pain, while there is no uniform national air and space defense command structure . To safeguard the security of Russian aerospace field, create a better organizational and technical conditions for the implementation of the strategic future of air and space battles, the Russians in August 2015 set up air and space forces. But have to say is that the so-called empty space forces, the Russian equivalent of the US back to the old way, both relying on a unified air defense system to re-member space. This shows that, although Russia considers itself aerospace suffered a big threat, but the economic and technological strength, has been insufficient to support the establishment of a development, a separate military services promising, but only on the basis of the Air Force “linger.”

Russian frustration with respect to the United States the development of air and space power is somewhat intentional play balance. The main part of the US Air Force air and space power, but in the “ABM” the US military in the 21st century the most important military operation of air and space, is the main operator of the US Army. In addition to the Navy’s “Aegis” missile defense system, the US military’s ground-based midcourse ABM, THAAD and Patriot anti-missile terminal, they are in control of the US Army, and a bunch of computer manipulation Army Air Force Base. Of course, whether it is armed soldiers, they eventually unify obey the command of US Strategic Command. But the US military services rely on different building space defense system, military services still reflects the inherent ideological balance thinking. This is because the US military very large volume, especially during the Cold War, which makes the US military services have funding research challenges of new technologies. And after 1986, the new Department of Defense Reorganization Act by the US military approach is from the perspective of the Joint Operations Command, the unified “collection” command the services of new combat forces to integrate. US Network Warfare Command was established, also a product of this approach.

US military advantage of this approach is that the services Eight Immortals recount, the final choice can be optimized in the competition, but the disadvantage is that there is a huge waste, and the services in peacetime and do not belong to the system, it is difficult wartime unity of action. Although the US military reform highlights the joint operations of thought, but the individual military services after all are not the same culture, and outer space and cyberspace, the required military personnel are a small number of capable staff, if the artificial formation of different military services background, a bit “for the United the joint “deliberate sense.

With respect to the United States and Russia, China’s military advantage is the revolution in military time scale, technological change and changes in the army almost simultaneously, the synchronization off, which makes the Chinese military have the opportunity to design the height from the top, in the lessons learned from military based on the construction of military services and more rational planning. While China’s national strength and technological level of rapid growth, but also to the construction of China’s new military services will not fall into the “make bricks without straw,” the fantasy embarrassment.

In the field of anti-missile, the Chinese Defense Ministry has confirmed that the January 11, 2010, September 11, 2012, January 27, 2013, July 23, 2014 were carried out four ground-based midcourse missile interception technical tests. In the field of anti-satellite, the Chinese Foreign Ministry acknowledged in January 2007 anti-satellite missile test. Out media speculation in 2010 and 2013. China has conducted two tests of anti-satellite weapons, but did not get China confirmed. Platform in space, China from 2010 into more than 15 times the average annual emission intensive stage, reaching an average growth of around 20 the number of satellites, the establishment of a chain of day, the Beidou, high scores, and a series of remote sensing satellites family now the number of satellites in orbit over Russia, after the United States. In 2014 MH370 lost contact incident, China urgent mobilization of four models ocean, clouds, high, remote sensing, nearly 10 satellites to provide technical support for ground search and rescue operations.

In network technology, China has become the world’s Internet and mobile Internet users than any other country, not only the birth of a group of like Alibaba, Tencent world-class Internet companies, such as Huawei also appeared in network technology giant. China in the next generation of Internet technology, has become one rule-makers. But while China has become the network against the most affected countries by the world, which means that China must consider the network security of the country from a strategic height, including the establishment of a unified defense force and a network system.

There is no doubt that the new military revolution has proved that outer space is to promote our army “system integration” an important heights, and cyberspace is the embodiment of “civil-military integration,” a typical example of these two historic space is the Chinese army reform the key areas. China established strategic support units, will likely be the world’s first and do not rely on traditional military services to establish a unified military force in outer space and cyberspace defense system. This initiative is bound to leave an indelible mark in the world’s new military revolution.

Original Mandarin Chinese:

凤凰军事作者：郑文浩

2015年12月31日，中国人民解放军陆军领导机构、中国人民解放军火箭军、中国人民解放军战略支援部队成立大会在八一大楼隆重举行。陆军是我党最早建立的武装力量，这就不用说了，火箭军是二炮的升级版，体现了大国地位的战略支撑，自不需要讳言，那么这支战略支援部队可就太神秘了。

因为在成立大会上，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平向陆军、火箭军、战略支援部队授予军旗并致训词。这就意味着，战略支援部队，是和解放军陆军、海军、空军、火箭军平级的独立军种部队。而相对于陆军的“正名”和第二炮兵到火箭军的“命名”升级，战略支援部队成为解放军自二炮成立以来，诞生的唯一新军种部队。从现代化高技术局部战争来看，陆海空军以及战略核打击部队基本上囊括了主要的作战方式和战场环境，那么这支战略支援部队，又有哪些能耐，能够脱颖而出横空出世呢？

在战略支援部队成立大会上，习主席对战略支援部队进行了如下的定性：战略支援部队是维护国家安全的新型作战力量，是我军新质作战能力的重要增长点。战略支援部队全体官兵要坚持体系融合、军民融合，努力在关键领域实现跨越发展，高标准高起点推进新型作战力量加速发展、一体发展，努力建设一支强大的现代化战略支援部队。

这里面有几个关键词：新型作战力量、新质作战能力、体系融合、军民融合、关键领域。

新华社新闻显示，战略支援部队的首任司令员是高津。网络资料显示高津是江苏靖江人。1985年高津进入解放军第二炮兵指挥学院。2006年7月，晋升少将军衔，担任解放军第二炮兵第52基地司令员。2011年12月，担任中国人民解放军第二炮兵参谋长。2013年8月，晋升中将军衔。2014年7月，调任总参谋长助理。2014年12月，升任军事科学院院长，并取代比其年长1岁的副总参谋长乙晓光中将，成为最年轻的正大军区级将领，也是军事科学院历史上最年轻的院长。

在2015年11月2日，也就是高津在成为战略支援部队司令员的前60天，在《解放军报》上发表了题为“深化国防和军队改革是强军兴军的必由之路”的署名文章。文章中特别提到：世界新军事革命是当今世界大发展大变革大调整的重要构成和关键变量，其速度之快、范围之广、程度之深、影响之大前所未有。面对这场继冷兵器、热兵器、机械化军事革命之后的又一次划时代军事革命，世界主要国家竞相调整军事战略，加紧推进军事转型，以信息化为核心重塑军队组织形态、重构军事力量体系。战争形态处于由机械化向信息化跃升的质变期，核威慑条件下陆海空天网电一体化联合作战日益成为现实，战场从传统空间向极高、极深、极远物理空间和虚拟空间拓展，非对称、非接触、非线式作战样式更趋成熟，制信息权成为夺取战场综合控制权的核心，战争制胜机理深刻改变。

高津司令员所说的核威慑条件下陆海空天网电一体化联合作战，其中的“天”，就绝不是指的火箭军部队的导弹，而是外层空间，“网”则是网络空间，“电”则是电磁空间。现代化高技术局部战争，陆海空军部队仍然是决胜的关键，而争夺的战场也主要在陆海空空间进行，但信息化战争的一个典型特色，就是非对称、非接触、非线式作战，而实现这一转变的关键环节，就是在外层空间、网络空间和电磁空间的“这三个特殊战场”。电磁空间由于受距离和物理隔绝的影响很大，通常只具有战术意义。而外层空间和网络空间，则是极高、极深、极远物理空间和无处不在的虚拟空间，从而具有战略上意义。在这两个战场上的拼杀，没有血肉横飞，但凶险却比常规战场有过之而无不及，军队能否拥有对应的力量建设和健全的指挥反应机构，其结果将对常规战场的胜负产生重要甚至绝定性影响。

这就是“战略支援”的含义所在。从逻辑上推理，中国战略支援部队，很可能就是针对外层空间和网络空间的“新型作战力量”，赋予我军“新质作战能力”新增长点。

为了获得这种“战略支援”的能力，军事大国都曾争相成立天军（外层空间部队）和网军（网络战部队）。美国的外层空间部队，从“政令”体制上，分属陆海空三军部队，包括陆军的空间和导弹防御部队，海军的舰载反导部队、空军的C4ISR和空间卫星使用部队，而在“军令”系统上，这些部队则统一归美国战略司令部指挥。在2009年，美军又在战略司令部之下成立了一个新的下级司令部，即网络战司令部，统一指挥美军陆海空陆战队的网络战部队。

俄罗斯在2011年12月成立了空天防御兵，但当时这一部队仅具有兵种和战役级地位，只有管辖中央军区空天防御部队的权力，但无法解决俄罗斯空提案防御力量统一指挥的问题。2015年8月1日，俄空天防御部队和空军、防空军合并，组成了空天军。也就是现在俄罗斯已经没有了传统意义上的空军。空天防御部队仍将由俄罗斯总参谋部统一指挥，而直接领导将是空天军总司令部。空天军将负责统一管理执勤的空中、防空和反导力量，以及俄罗斯轨道卫星集群航天器的发射和管理。另外，导弹袭击预警系统和太空监控系统也属于空天军管辖范围。

从公开资料上看，目前为止俄罗斯还没有像美军那样成立专门的网络战部队，更没有设立专门的统一指挥机构。

技术的进步，让人类的得以利用外层空间和网络空间，来实现军事上的目的，但这并不意味着大国有机会、有能力、有胆识打破旧有的军队体制，来适应新形态战争的要求。如何构建并统一指挥全国性的外层空间和网络空间防御体系。美国和俄罗斯给我们提供了很多经验教训。

美国和苏联在冷战争霸过程中，曾经耗费巨资开发了大量空间军事平台和武器系统，但美军的空间系统几乎都掌握在空军手中，而苏联则成立了战略火箭军部队。可见，美军是依托军种构建空间防御体系，而前苏联是成立新的军种。

在冷战结束后，俄罗斯在原有战略火箭军的基础上，划出了一个军事航天部队的独立兵种。2011年3月，俄罗斯又以军事航天部队为基础，组建了空天防御兵。然而在美国核武器、全球快速打击、反导等太空力量的压迫下，俄罗斯空天领域仍然是割裂的，痛感其面临的空天袭击威胁日益严峻，而同时本国又没有统一的空天防御指挥机构。为切实维护俄空天领域安全，为实施未来的空天战略性战役创造更好的组织和技术条件，俄军于2015年8月组建了空天军。然而不得不说的是，所谓的空天军，等于俄罗斯回到了美军的老路上，既依托空军重新构件统一的空间防御体系。这说明，俄罗斯虽然认为自身空天所遭受威胁很大，但其经济和技术实力，已经不足以支撑建立一个有发展、有前途的独立军种，而只能在空军的基础上”苟延残喘“。

相对于俄罗斯的无奈，美国空天力量发展则有些故意玩平衡。美国空天力量的主要部分在空军，然而在“反导”这个美军在21世纪最重要的空天军事动作上，主要的操作者却是美国陆军。除了海军的“宙斯盾”导弹防御系统之外，美军的陆基中段反导、THAAD和爱国者终端反导，都是美国陆军在掌控，而且是一帮陆军军人在美国空军基地中操纵电脑。当然，无论是陆海空军人，他们最终都统一听从美军战略司令部的指挥。但美国依托不同军种构建空间防御体系，仍然体现了固有军种平衡思维的思想。这是因为美国军费体量极为庞大，尤其在冷战期间，这使得美军各军种都有资金研究新技术的挑战。而1986年新国防部改组法通过后，美军的做法就是从联合作战司令部的角度，统一“收缴”指挥各军种新作战力量进行整合。而美国网络战司令部的成立，也同样是这一方法的产物。

美军这种方法的优点在于，各军种八仙过海各显神通，最后可以在竞争中优化选择，但缺点在于存在巨大浪费，且各军种在平时互不统属，很难在战时统一行动。固然美军改革突出了联合作战的思想，但各个军种文化毕竟不相同，而且外层空间和网络空间，所需军事人员都数量少、人员精干，如果再人为形成不同军种背景，就有点“为了联合而联合”刻意之感。

相对于美俄，中国军队的优势，是在军事革命的时间尺度上，技术变革和军队变革几乎同步进行、同步起飞，这使得中国军队有机会从顶层设计的高度，在借鉴外军经验教训的基础上，更合理地规划军种建设。而中国国力和科技水平的快速增长，也让中国新军种的建设不至于陷入“巧妇难为无米之炊”的空想尴尬。

在反导领域，中国国防部已经证实，在2010年1月11日、2012年9月11日、2013年1月27日、2014年7月23日分别进行了四次陆基中段反导拦截技术试验。在反卫星领域，中国外交部在2007年1月承认进行了反卫星导弹试验。而外媒猜测在2010年和2013年中国还进行过两次反卫星武器试验，但未获得中方证实。在太空平台上，中国从2010年开始，进入年均15次以上的密集发射阶段，年均卫星增长数量达到20枚左右，建立了天链、北斗、高分、遥感等一系列卫星家族，目前在轨卫星数量已经超过俄罗斯，仅次于美国。在2014年的MH370失联事件中，中国紧急调动海洋、风云、高分、遥感等4个型号，近10颗卫星为地面搜救行动提供技术支持。

在网络技术上，中国已经成为全球互联网和移动互联网用户最多的国家，不但诞生了一批像阿里巴巴、腾讯的世界级网络企业，也出现了像华为这样的网络技术巨头。中国在新一代互联网技术上，已经成为规则的制定者之一。但同时中国也成为世界上受到网络侵害最严重的国家，这就意味着中国必须从战略高度考虑国家的网络安全，其中也包括建立统一的网络防卫力量和体系。

毫无疑问，新军事革命已经证明，外层空间是推进我军“体系融合”的重要高地，而网络空间则是体现“军民融合”的典型范例，这两个空间则是中国军队历史性改革的关键领域。中国战略支援部队的成立，将可能是世界上首次不依托传统军种而建立统一的外层空间和网络空间防御军事力量体系。这项创举必然会在世界新军事革命中写下浓墨重彩的一笔。

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China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Infratsructure, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀

China’s PLA core mission is winning local wars in conditions of informationization

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打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭是軍隊核心任務

來源：解放軍報

In order to win local wars under conditions of informatization, vigorously strengthen military struggle preparation, is a successful experience and important way to guide army building, our army is a major strategic task. Supremely important strategic task. People’s Army Central Military Commission established in accordance with the decisions and arrangements, preparations for military struggle toward a new journey stride forward.

Walking preparations for military struggle rational development road

New China came nearly 60-year history. For decades, the country was much larger rivals, dangerous, but always to stand up, continue to grow and live. There are a lot of successful experience, a very important one is to rely on comprehensive solid preparations for military struggle. It can be said, precisely because of the people’s army “ready”, was created a homeland security steel wall, the guardian of the people’s happiness and peace, prosperity and security of the economic and social development. Recalling decades stormy journey preparations for military struggle, glory Aureole achievements, we should also clearly see that not enough scientific areas. For example, many units ready for Military Struggle, the guiding ideology too much emphasis on specific threats, over-reliance on “the situation stimulus” caused suddenly strong suddenly weak level of combat readiness and combat effectiveness of the construction fluctuated, military preparations did not struggle to maintain autonomy and healthy sustainable development.

Different things when it moves, it is something different equipment variants. Currently, preparations for military struggle and stands at a new historical starting point. National security situation is undergoing complex and profound changes, on the one hand, traditional security threats and non-traditional security threats we face are increasing, the world’s major powers in my peripheral geostrategic competition intensified, neighboring countries, political turbulence, regional security environment, there are many hidden dangers domestic ethnic separatist forces and their activities is rampant, affecting national security instability, increasing uncertainty, preparations for military struggle facing unprecedented challenges; on the other hand, the international unilateralism setback, the financial crisis delayed the expansion of global hegemony, Taiwan situation has eased, I eased pressure on the main strategic directions, preparations for military struggle facing unprecedented opportunities.This opportunity is not only strategic, but also historic. How to seize the opportunity to make good use of the opportunity and momentum forward, the current preparations for military struggle to answer practical proposition. After 30 years of reform and development, army building a qualitative leap, the synthesis of troops, higher level of information, science and technology-intensive, quality and efficiency features more obvious preparations for military struggle with Keziliyong rich results and advancing the jump basic conditions. Into the new century, Hu focused on the special requirements of the party of national defense and army building, giving the army the “three offers, a play,” the historical mission, stressing that “in order to enhance our military must win local wars under information age conditions core, and constantly improve the ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish diverse military tasks. ” This series of major strategic thinking, adjust the point of preparations for military struggle to expand the mandate of the contents of preparations for military struggle.Scientific concept of development of this important guidelines established for military combat preparations put a higher demand good seek fast, according to a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development and people-oriented standards, there are many ideas need liberation, a lot of work need to innovate, many aspects need to be improved.

Advance preparations for military struggle in the new situation, because of the situation must change, because of the situation set policy, based on a new starting point, to seek new development. Should be based on the threat of grasping ready to strengthen all-round “threat awareness” and “enemy concept,” war is not far away and do not fully understand the only one of the grim reality, unswervingly push forward preparations for military struggle. Should be prepared based on the task grasp the fundamental task of the military is to fight and ready to fight, the battle can not fight a hundred years, but not a moment to relax ready, you must follow the standard effective functioning of the mission, to promote a comprehensive and systematic preparations for military struggle. Should be based on the ability to catch ready, out of the enemy carried away by emergency preparedness passive mode, active design of future wars, there are plans to increase planned to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish diverse military tasks ability, steadily push forward the scientific military preparations struggle.

In major breakthroughs improve the quality of preparations for military struggle

Unfocused no strategy, no emphasis on difficult to break. Make full use of important strategic opportunities, to seize the key content to seek a breakthrough, not only to follow the objective requirements of preparations for military struggle inherent laws, it is an urgent need to comprehensively improve the combat capability of the armed forces.

Practice basic military training as a peacetime army, and combat effectiveness is the basic way of development, is the most direct and most effective preparations for military struggle.We must further enhance awareness of the importance of military training, military training to effectively attach strategic position, really big catch in the army military training, training vigorously promote the formation of a new upsurge in transition. Joint training should seize the key to the combat effectiveness, strengthen joint awareness, improve the quality of the joint, improve joint training and regulations, improve the mechanism of joint training, promoting joint military training from form to substance. Should be training in complex electromagnetic environments as an important entry point and the starting point, and actively explore the organization and command training, research and technological measures for an effective way to combat training and weapons training, operational use, accelerating military training under conditions of mechanization to military training in conditions of informationization change. Training mission should be subject to the carrier, active configuration set up similar to actual battlefield environment, explore the combat training, field based training and base training, simulated training and network training as the main way to really, hard, in fact, test standards to test than pulling mechanism for the implementation of the path of combat training, enhance training effectiveness. Should actively carry out non-war military operations training to improve forces to carry out non-war military operations expertise, empowerment troops accomplish diverse military tasks.

People are fighting the various elements of the most active and most active element, talent preparations for military struggle preparation is the most important and the most difficult to prepare. Outcome of a war depends on the battlefield, but the link was to decide the outcome in the usual competition, in which the focus is talent. Currently, the key is to highlight the joint operations command personnel and high-level professional and technical personnel two “strategic starting point”, traction and promote the overall development of qualified personnel capacity building. Protruding joint operations command personnel training, establish and improve strategic and operational focus on training to improve pattern-level commanders around the joint operations to improve personnel training system, the reform of teaching contents and methods of joint operations, commanding officers to increase job rotation and cross-training, step up joint operational command emergency personnel training, strengthen and improve measures. Outstanding high-level professional and technical personnel training. Follow focus, both in general, to seize the lead, lead the overall principle, focus on training across disciplines planning to organize major research projects of leading scientists, to promote discipline capable of directing talents academic technology innovation and development, equipment and technology to solve complex security technical expert personnel problems, and provide a strong intellectual support information technology.

Soldiers rapidly guiding the iron law of war, under conditions of informationization more emphasis on “speed advantage.” Rapid response capacity has become an important indicator to measure the army’s combat readiness and combat capabilities. Should sound an agile and efficient emergency command mechanism. In recent years, the basis of summing up our military to accomplish diverse military tasks practical experience, grasp curing and conversion-related outcomes, the establishment of emergency response mechanisms and improve the regulatory system, improve the mechanism set up to develop response plans, organize relevant study and training, to ensure that if something happens quick response, efficient command, correct action. Should establish advanced and reliable command information system. In accordance with good interoperability, responsive, security and information sharing requirements established in the end longitudinal, transverse to the edge of the information networks and integrated one, simple hierarchy of command system, relying on information technology to improve emergency response command and rapid response capability. Grasp the strategic delivery of capacity-building characteristics and laws, focusing on the development of strategic transport aircraft (ship), military helicopters and new aircraft, and consider traffic battlefield, explore the establishment of smooth and efficient command and management mechanism, the overall advancement of the strategic transportation capacity building.

Security is a combat. Modern warfare combat operations at any one time, against all the system, comprehensive security have become increasingly demanding. Promoting military struggle preparation, must comprehensively improve the combat support, logistics and equipment support and other comprehensive support capabilities. Our military has historically focused on promoting the coordination of combat forces and combat support forces, reconnaissance, early warning, command and communications, mapping navigation, meteorology and hydrology, engineering, chemical defense and other support to improve the ability to achieve overall synchronization. However, with the continuous expansion and development of the situation changes in battlefield space combat support capability system began to appear new “short board” must be filled as soon as possible to form the overall advantages of joint operations full-dimensional battlefield. Logistics focus is to improve the level of modernization. In accordance with the requirements of the development, the steady implementation of the logistics reform, to promote the integration of the security system to protect the way to the community development, support means to move information, logistics management to scientific change, and promote sound and rapid development of the logistics building. Focusing on strengthening security equipment supporting construction. Improve the capability of independent innovation, accelerate the construction and development of new weapons and equipment, and constantly optimize the structure of armament systems.Focusing on supporting systems and equipment, and security systems supporting supporting construction, improve the equipment series, universal, standardized level, and gradually promote the formation of the organized system equipped to combat and support capabilities, accelerate the establishment of military and civilian production, integrating the armed forces weapons and equipment research and production system and maintenance support system, and further improve the integration of military and civilian equipment development path.

Adhere to scientific development and innovation of military struggle preparation path

Advance preparations for military struggle in the new starting point, we must adhere to the scientific concept of development as guidance, the practical application of the requirements of the times thinking, to explore the development path of innovation and preparations for military struggle.

Continue to emancipate the mind, reform of the army in the tide of the overall advancement of military preparations struggle. The more in-depth preparations for military struggle, the more touches concept of development, institutional mechanisms, policies and systems and other aspects of deep-seated contradictions and problems, and promote the greater the difficulty. The fundamental way to solve these problems, is to continue to emancipate the mind, deepen reform of national defense and army building. Strategic objectives of military reform is building computerized armed forces and winning the information war, which point preparations for military struggle is the same. Preparations for military struggle is the leading military reform and traction, military reform is an important part of preparations for military struggle and optimized conditions, both unity of purpose, mutually reinforcing. Thus, under the new situation to promote the preparations for military struggle, must be combined with promoting defense and military reform, to improve the combat effectiveness as a starting point and goal of reform, with the standards and unify thought reform measure reform measures, testing the effectiveness of reform, promote reform in preparations for military struggle.

Strengthen scientific co-ordination, in the process of modernization of the armed forces to coordinate the promotion preparations for military struggle. Military modernization is a big system, military struggle preparation is the key indeed affect the whole body. Well prepared for military struggle, will be able to provide clear and specific requirements for the overall development of our military modernization construction, provide real starting point, forming a huge traction force. Must stand on military modernization development overall perspective, the effective co-ordination with the main good times, far and near, and built with an equal relationship, the process of preparations for military struggle becomes strengthen military modernization process, the process of military modernization into service the process of preparations for military struggle, so that the two complement each other to promote the coordinated development.

Leading Position of Information, in the mode of generating combat transition to push ahead with preparations for military struggle. Currently, information technology is profoundly changing the mode of generating combat, is also changing all aspects of army building. Promoting military struggle preparation, must quickly adapt to this new situation, take the initiative out of the mindset of mechanization to strengthen the concept of information-led, focusing on scientific and technological progress to improve combat effectiveness, explore innovative adaptation of information requirements of the military concept of war, military technology, military organization and military management, focus on improving the training of military personnel, weapons and equipment development, the level of information the best combination of people and weapons, accelerate the transformation of military training, and gradually establish an effective mechanism to combat the new generation and improve and promote preparations for military struggle to achieve a qualitative leap.

Prominent real traction in accomplishing diversified military tasks to accelerate preparations for military struggle. Practice tells us that no matter how the evolution of the international situation, how to expand the Functions of the Army, how onerous diverse military tasks, containment and win wars, preservation of peace is always the most important functions of the army and winning conditions under local war always is the core mission of our military. Only with the core military capabilities and accomplish diverse military tasks have a solid foundation. We must always take to improve the core military capabilities in the first place, aimed at promoting the fundamental function fully prepared, ready to do more hands without “one-track mind,” not ready to classify “one size fits all”, without further preparation, “superficial”, trying to force the ability to adapt to various conditions, to cope with various situations and accomplish diverse military tasks.

Original Mandarin Chinese:

以打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭為重點，大力加強軍事鬥爭準備，是軍隊建設的一條成功經驗和重要指導方式，是我軍一項重大的戰略任務。戰略任務重千鈞。人民軍隊按照中央軍委既定的決策部署，向著軍事鬥爭準備新徵程闊步邁進。

走軍事鬥爭準備理性化發展之路

新中國走過近60年歷程。幾十年來，國家一度強敵環伺、危機四伏，卻始終屹立不屈，不斷生息壯大。成功的經驗有很多，很重要的一條就是靠全面扎實的軍事鬥爭準備。可以説，正是有了人民軍隊“時刻準備著”，才鑄就了祖國安全的鋼鐵長城，守護了人民群眾的幸福安寧，保障了經濟社會的繁榮發展。回顧幾十年軍事鬥爭準備的風雨徵程，在成績的榮耀光環背後，我們也要清醒看到不夠科學的地方。比如不少單位抓軍事鬥爭準備，在指導思想上過于強調具體威脅，過度依賴“情況刺激”，造成戰備水平忽強忽弱，戰鬥力建設忽高忽低，軍事鬥爭準備沒有保持自主、健康地持續發展。

時異則事移，事異則備變。當前，軍事鬥爭準備又站在了一個嶄新的歷史起點上。國家安全形勢發生復雜深刻變化，一方面，我們面臨的傳統安全威脅和非傳統安全威脅都在增加，世界主要大國在我周邊地緣戰略競爭不斷加劇，周邊國家政局持續動蕩，地區安全環境存在諸多隱患，國內民族分裂勢力及其活動猖獗，影響國家安全的不穩定、不確定因素增多，軍事鬥爭準備面臨前所未有的挑戰；另一方面，國際上單邊主義受挫，金融危機拖延了全球霸權擴張，臺海形勢明顯緩和，我主要戰略方向壓力有所減輕，軍事鬥爭準備面臨前所未有的機遇。這個機遇既是戰略性的，也是歷史性的。怎樣抓住機遇、用好機遇、乘勢推進，是當前軍事鬥爭準備需要回答的現實命題。經過30年改革發展，我軍建設出現質的跨越，部隊合成化、信息化程度更高，科技密集型、質量效能型特徵更加明顯，軍事鬥爭準備有了可資利用的豐富成果和推進躍升的基礎條件。進入新世紀新階段，胡主席著眼黨對國防和軍隊建設的特殊要求，賦予軍隊“三個提供、一個發揮”的歷史使命，強調“我軍必須以增強打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭能力為核心，不斷提高應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力”。這一係列重大戰略思想，調整了軍事鬥爭準備的基點，拓展了軍事鬥爭準備的任務內容。科學發展觀這一重要指導方針的確立，對軍事鬥爭準備提出了好中求快的更高要求，按照全面、協調、可持續發展和以人為本的標準來衡量，還有很多思想需要解放，很多工作需要創新，很多方面需要提高。

新形勢下推進軍事鬥爭準備，必須因勢求變、因情定策，立足新的起點，謀求新的發展。應基于威脅抓準備，強化全方位的“威脅意識”和“敵情觀念”，充分認清戰爭並不遙遠且不只一種的嚴峻現實，堅定不移地推進軍事鬥爭準備。應基于任務抓準備，軍隊的根本任務是打仗和準備打仗，仗可以百年不打，但準備一刻也不能放松，必須按照有效履行職能使命的標準，全面係統地推進軍事鬥爭準備。應基于能力抓準備，跳出被敵情牽著走的被動應急準備模式，主動設計未來戰爭，有規劃有計劃地提高應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務能力，穩步科學地推進軍事鬥爭準備。

以重點突破提高軍事鬥爭準備質量

沒有重點就沒有戰略，沒有重點就難以突破。充分利用重要戰略機遇期，抓住重點內容謀求突破，既是遵循軍事鬥爭準備內在規律的客觀要求，更是全面提高部隊實戰能力的迫切需要。

軍事訓練作為和平時期軍隊最基本的實踐活動，是戰鬥力生成和發展的基本途徑，是最直接、最有效的軍事鬥爭準備。必須進一步提高對軍事訓練重要性的認識，切實把軍事訓練擺到戰略位置，真正在部隊形成大抓軍事訓練、大力推進訓練轉變的新高潮。應抓住聯合訓練這個戰鬥力生成的關鍵環節，強化聯合意識，提高聯合素質，健全聯訓法規，完善聯訓機制，推動軍事訓練從形式到實質的聯合。應以復雜電磁環境下訓練為重要切入點和抓手，積極探索組織指揮訓練、戰技術對策研練和武器裝備操作使用訓練的有效辦法，加速推進機械化條件下軍事訓練向信息化條件下軍事訓練轉變。應以使命課題訓練為載體，積極構設近似實戰的戰場環境，探索以對抗訓練、野戰化訓練和基地化訓練、模擬化訓練、網絡化訓練等為主要方式，以真、難、實為檢驗標準，以考、比、拉為落實機制的實戰化訓練路子，增強訓練實效。應積極開展非戰爭軍事行動訓練，提高部隊遂行非戰爭軍事行動專業技能，增強部隊完成多樣化軍事任務的能力。

人是戰鬥力諸要素中最積極、最活躍的要素，人才準備是軍事鬥爭準備中最重要、最艱巨的準備。戰爭勝負決于戰場，但決定勝負的環節卻在平時的競爭之中，其中的重點就是人才。當前，關鍵是要突出聯合作戰指揮人才和高層次專業技術人才兩個“戰略抓手”，牽引和推動人才隊伍能力建設的整體發展。突出聯合作戰指揮人才培養，重點建立健全戰略戰役層次指揮員培養提高模式，圍繞完善聯合作戰人才培訓體係、改革聯合作戰教學內容和方法、加大指揮軍官崗位輪換和交叉培訓力度、加緊聯合作戰指揮人才應急培訓等，加強和完善有關措施。突出高層次專業技術人才培養。按照突出重點、兼顧一般、抓住龍頭、帶動整體的原則，重點培養能夠跨學科領域謀劃組織重大項目攻關的科技領軍人才、能夠指導推進學術技術創新發展的學科拔尖人才、能夠解決裝備技術保障復雜難題的技術專家人才，為信息化建設提供強有力的智力支撐。

兵貴神速是戰爭指導的鐵律，信息化條件下更強調“速度優勢”。快速反應能力已成為衡量一支軍隊戰備水平和實戰能力的重要標志。應健全靈敏高效的應急指揮機制。在總結梳理近年我軍完成多樣化軍事任務實踐經驗的基礎上，抓好相關成果的固化和轉化，建立應急機制，健全法規制度，完善機構設置，制定應對預案，組織相關研練，確保一旦有事能快速反應、高效指揮、正確行動。應建立先進可靠的指揮信息係統。按照互操作性好、反應靈敏、安全保密和信息共享的要求，建立縱向到底、橫向到邊的信息網絡和綜合一體、層級簡捷的指揮係統，依靠信息技術提高應急指揮與快速反應能力。把握戰略投送能力建設的特點規律，重點發展戰略運輸機(艦)、軍用直升機和新型航行器，統籌考慮交通戰場建設，探索建立順暢高效的指揮管理機制，整體推進戰略輸送能力建設。

保障也是戰鬥力。現代戰爭中的任何一次作戰行動，都是體係的對抗，對綜合保障的要求越來越高。推進軍事鬥爭準備，必須全面提高作戰保障、後勤保障和裝備保障等綜合保障能力。我軍歷來注重協調推進作戰力量與作戰保障力量建設，偵察預警、指揮通信、測繪導航、氣象水文、工程防化等保障能力總體實現了同步提高。但隨著形勢的發展變化和戰場空間的不斷拓展，作戰保障能力體係開始出現新的“短板”，必須盡快補齊，以形成全維戰場的聯合作戰整體優勢。後勤保障重點是提高現代化水平。按照時代發展要求，穩步實施後勤改革，將保障體制向一體化推進、保障方式向社會化拓展、保障手段向信息化邁進、後勤管理向科學化轉變，推動後勤建設又好又快發展。裝備保障重點是加強配套建設。提高自主創新能力，加快新型武器裝備建設發展，不斷優化我軍武器裝備結構體係。注重裝備的體係配套、係統配套和保障配套建設，提高裝備係列化、通用化、標準化水平，逐步推進裝備成係統成建制形成作戰能力和保障能力，加快建立軍民結合、寓軍于民的武器裝備科研生産體係和維修保障體係，進一步完善軍民融合發展裝備的路子。

堅持科學發展創新軍事鬥爭準備路徑

在新的起點上推進軍事鬥爭準備，必須堅持以科學發展觀為指導，切實運用符合時代要求的思維方式，探索創新軍事鬥爭準備的發展路徑。

繼續解放思想，在軍隊改革大潮中整體推進軍事鬥爭準備。軍事鬥爭準備越深入，觸及發展理念、體制機制、政策制度等方面的深層次矛盾和問題就越多，推進的難度也越大。解決這些問題的根本出路，在于繼續解放思想、深化國防和軍隊建設改革。軍隊改革的戰略目標是建設信息化軍隊、打贏信息化戰爭，這與軍事鬥爭準備的基點是一致的。軍事鬥爭準備是軍隊改革的龍頭和牽引，軍隊改革則是軍事鬥爭準備的重要內容和優化條件，二者目標一致、互為促進。因此，新形勢下推進軍事鬥爭準備，必須與推進國防和軍隊改革結合起來，把提高戰鬥力作為改革的出發點和落腳點，用戰鬥力標準統一改革思想，衡量改革措施，檢驗改革成效，在改革中推進軍事鬥爭準備。

加強科學統籌，在軍隊現代化建設進程中協調推進軍事鬥爭準備。軍隊現代化建設是個大係統，軍事鬥爭準備則是牽一發而動全身的關鍵。軍事鬥爭準備做好了，就能為我軍現代化建設整體發展提供明確具體的需求，提供實實在在的抓手，形成巨大的牽引力量。必須站在軍隊現代化建設發展全局的高度，切實統籌好主與次、遠與近、建與用等關係，把軍事鬥爭準備的過程變成加強軍隊現代化建設的過程，把軍隊現代化建設的過程變成服務軍事鬥爭準備的過程，使二者互為促進，協調發展。

堅持信息主導，在戰鬥力生成模式轉變中創新推進軍事鬥爭準備。當前，信息技術正在深刻改變著戰鬥力生成模式，也在改變著軍隊建設的方方面面。推進軍事鬥爭準備，必須敏銳地適應這個新形勢，主動跳出機械化思維定勢，強化信息主導觀念，注重依靠科技進步提高戰鬥力，探索創新適應信息化戰爭要求的軍事理念、軍事技術、軍事組織和軍事管理，著力提高軍事人才培養、武器裝備發展、人與武器最佳結合的信息化水平，加快推進軍事訓練轉變，逐步確立新型戰鬥力生成與提高的有效機制，推動軍事鬥爭準備實現質的躍升。

突出實戰牽引，在完成多樣化軍事任務中加速推進軍事鬥爭準備。實踐告訴我們，無論國際局勢如何演變、軍隊的職能使命如何拓展、多樣化軍事任務多麼繁重，遏制戰爭、打贏戰爭、維護和平始終是我軍職能的重中之重，打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭永遠是我軍的核心任務。只有具備了核心軍事能力，完成多樣化軍事任務才有堅實基礎。必須始終把提高核心軍事能力放在首要位置，瞄準根本職能推進全面準備，做到多手準備而不“單打一”，分類準備而不“一刀切”，深入準備而不“表面化”，努力使部隊具備適應各種條件、應對各種情況、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力。

Source: PLA Daily

Originally Published 2009年01月08日

China's Military Infratsructure, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military - Network & Space Forces, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀

Chinese Military Reshuffle Carries Deep Significance

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02FEB2016 Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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China on Monday inaugurated the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) five new theater commands. The northern, southern, eastern, western and central theater commands replace the seven previous military area commands. The change from “military area command” to “theater command” carries more weight than the change from “seven” to “five.”

The essence of the theater commands is clear. The commands are prepared for combat and winning wars, about which the military and the public share a deep understanding. With such a military system, China’s peaceful development will be more serious and gain more respect from the outside.

It has been decades since the PLA was involved in a war. The outside world focuses more on the Dongfeng ballistic missile and the construction of aircraft carriers than about the military itself. The Chinese army has not made much impression on the world.

Perhaps some would prefer the Chinese military to keep a low profile, and it is even better that they advocate peace. The establishment of the five theater commands heralds a revolutionary change, highlighting the fundamentals of the military and the troops.

From now on, the strength of the Chinese military not only exists in historical documents or rests upon newly developed weapons, but also in its determination for victory and in its preparations.

The more powerful the PLA grows and the more capable it is of engaging in a war, the country will embrace a peaceful rise all the more. This will contribute to the nation’s peaceful rise, otherwise the outside world will only consider that peace is only our compulsory choice. If this happens, the peace of China and the world will face a dangerous future.

A major power will attract all kinds of opportunities for the world’s development and can share in global wealth distribution. But without corresponding military might, instability may brew. The security of a big power relates to the security of the whole world. That a big power is capable of fighting in a war but not obsessed in launching wars fits the common interests of all mankind.

Frankly speaking, the strength of the Chinese military can ensure the country is not intruded on by foreign troops, but it is not enough to promote fair competition and the evolution of order in a globalized era. Some external forces do not accept China’s rise. If such sentiments spread with military aid without restraint, it will hurt China’s security and world peace. There needs to be a tipping point where China is more secure, but how to find the tipping point is a subtle issue.

The Chinese military will shoulder heavier responsibilities in the future. China is close to the historical mission of a national rejuvenation. We are facing an unprecedented landscape, hopes and risks. The PLA will play a key role in helping the Chinese people pass the transition period smoothly and helping the world release some external grievances due to the power shifts of major countries.

Original Source: HERE

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Infratsructure, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military - Network & Space Forces, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀

China Military Focus of Main Effort in Information Warfare: Electromagnetic Spectrum

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来源：解放军报作者：郝嘉 周宁 周任飞责任编辑：张硕

● electromagnetic spectrum owned by the state, is the core of strategic resources for national development, promote social progress

● direct support operations of the electromagnetic spectrum, is building computerized armed forces and winning the information war of the central nervous system

Soul of the information war: the electromagnetic spectrum

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Electromagnetic spectrum resources for humanity, as indispensable as water and sun. Information age, the electromagnetic spectrum is changing the world, changing the way people live

Core Tip

Electromagnetic spectrum exists in war by land, sea, air, space the whole time and space, is the only ideal medium capable of supporting mobile operations, decentralized operations and high intensity warfare. Important support elements of the electromagnetic spectrum management as joint operations, throughout the operational readiness, operational planning, operational implementation of the entire process, the role of command and control, intelligence and reconnaissance, weapons guidance, early warning and detection, navigation and other operational elements of the whole, is to improve the combat Important basic capabilities directly related weapons and equipment play information Operational Effectiveness.

Electromagnetic spectrum Past and Present

The physical world there is such a strange phenomenon, alternating current generated in the surrounding space alternating magnetic field, electric field and magnetic field variations mutual contacts to form an alternating electromagnetic field, and can spread from the wave source which produces the distance, this planted in the space at a constant speed of alternating electromagnetic field propagation is electromagnetic waves.

Electromagnetic spectrum, it is by electromagnetic waves lined up according to wavelength or frequency, a formed structure from zero to infinity pedigree, which 0-3000 gigahertz frequency range of radio waves.

Back in October 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent. However, the future Queen of Spain, six months before he heard the news, unfortunately sudden and devastating. April 14, 1865, US President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated 13 days after the news spread was known industry’s most advanced British government, coping strategies are overtaken by events. Electromagnetic time unknown, human nature can not enjoy its magic.

In 1888, German physicist Hertz experiment is successful, humans finally touch the existence of electromagnetic waves. In 1901, as the “father of radio” Marconi trans-Atlantic radio communication test is successful, humanity has entered the era of electromagnetic radio communications sweeping the globe. In 1912, after the Titanic wreck, the United Kingdom, the United States and other maritime powers mandatory over a certain tonnage of the vessel must be installed radio stations, in order to protect the safety of life at sea. During World War I, the war all the major powers use radio communication to pass information and commands.

Since then, radio broadcasting, navigation, remote after another, to the development and progress of human society has brought great changes. Electromagnetic wave as an important carrier of information transmission, dash in land, sea, air, space four-dimensional space, accelerate the coming of the information age.

●电磁频谱属于国家所有，是促进国家发展、推动社会进步的核心战略资源

●电磁频谱直接支撑作战，是建设信息化军队、打赢信息化战争的中枢神经

电磁频谱：信息化战争之魂

电磁频谱资源对人类的影响，就像水和太阳一样不可或缺。信息时代，电磁频谱正在改变世界，改变人们的生活方式。（图片合成：胡亚军）

核心提示

电磁频谱存在于陆、海、空、天的作战全时空，是唯一能够支持机动作战、分散作战和高强度作战的理想媒介。电磁频谱管理作为联合作战的重要保障要素，贯穿于作战准备、作战筹划、作战实施的全过程，作用于指挥控制、情报侦察、武器制导、预警探测、导航定位等作战全要素，是提高体系作战能力的重要基础，直接关系信息化武器装备作战效能的发挥。

电磁频谱的前世今生

物理世界有这样一种奇特的现象，交变电流在周围空间会产生交变磁场，变化的电场和磁场相互联系，形成了交变的电磁场，并能脱离其产生的波源向远处传播，这种在空间以一定速度传播的交变电磁场就是电磁波。

电磁频谱，则是由电磁波按波长或频率排列起来，所形成的一个从零至无穷的结构谱系，其中0－3000吉赫兹频率范围为无线电波。

时间回到1492年10月，哥伦布发现了美洲大陆。然而，西班牙王后半年以后才得知这一消息，遗憾顿生。1865年4月14日，美国总统林肯惨遭暗杀，消息13天后才传到当时号称工业最为先进的英国政府，应对策略也时过境迁。电磁波那时不为人知，人类自然无法享受到它的神奇力量。

1888年，德国物理学家赫兹实验成功，人类终于触摸到电磁波的存在。1901年，随着“无线电之父”马可尼跨越大西洋的无线电通信试验成功，人类进入了电磁时代，无线电通讯席卷全球。1912年，泰坦尼克号失事后，英国、美国等航海大国强制规定，超过一定吨位的船只必须加装无线电台，以保障海上航行生命安全。在第一次世界大战期间，所有参战的大国都使用无线电通信传递情报和命令。

此后，无线电的广播、导航、遥控相继出现，给人类社会的发展进步带来了巨大变化。电磁波作为信息传递的重要载体，纵横驰骋在陆、海、空、天四维空间，加速了信息时代的到来。

Electromagnetic spectrum is a national resource strategy

Electromagnetic spectrum is the only human transmission of information over wireless media, owned by the state, land, forest, mineral and other resources, as it is both a scarce natural resource in the areas of economic development, national defense and social life indispensable , irreplaceable core strategic resources.

At present, humans can use the radio spectrum in the 275 gigahertz or less, mainly concentrated in the range of 30 Hz to 40 gigahertz, but most are in the 3 gigahertz or less, high-quality resources is extremely limited.Therefore, the world has become intense competition for them.

Frequency satellite orbit resources, for example, known as the 80% share of the “golden navigation frequency”, the US GPS and Russian GLONASS navigation system first to seize the countries in the world have to compete for the remaining resources.

Electromagnetic spectrum is widely used in the economic, military and other fields, combined with the scarcity of resources prominent contradictions, it gradually from the back to the front, electromagnetic space and the game become the world compete for important battlefield.

Each year, the US President issued specifically concerning electromagnetic spectrum “presidential memorandum”, leading the electromagnetic spectrum policy and national army. The British government published its “21st Century Spectrum Management” white paper, clearly the introduction of spectrum pricing, spectrum auction, spectrum trading and other means to encourage the efficient use of spectrum resources development and new technologies.

The study reports that the electromagnetic spectrum can contribute each year to 3-5 percent of the total national economy. From 1995 to 2011, the United States, Britain, France, Germany and other countries for the development of the third and fourth generation mobile communication network, spectrum auction value of $ 130 billion. Russia, France, Germany, Japan, Australia and other countries competing to improve the relevant laws and regulations, maintain the electromagnetic spectrum space to maximize their national interests, strongly promote the electromagnetic spectrum resources market and internationalization.

Manage electromagnetic space “traffic light”

Although the electromagnetic spectrum is present in the natural space, invisible, but it does not mean that the State, organizations and individuals are free to use occupied.

With modern urban traffic management have great similarities, at the technical level, the electromagnetic frequency spectrum management major from, space, time three-dimensional expansion, which is vividly called electromagnetic space “traffic lights.”

Currently, the international scope of the electromagnetic spectrum management mainly through the establishment of an international organization, signed an international agreement to allocate spectrum to resolve unified. States also set up frequency spectrum management and monitoring of the site, and to divide the spectrum resource use.

According to statistics, a US infantry division of about 70 radar, radio station 2800, a Russian motorized infantry division of about 60 radar, radio station 2040 to ensure so much electronic equipment to work smoothly, you need a strong power and spectrum management mechanism. After the baptism of several local wars, the US military high command from the field to have a specialized division of spectrum management agencies from the Department of Defense, the Joint Staff to the armed services, has established a complete set of joint campaign spectrum management system, formed a mature management mechanism.

According to the US Army website reported, the United States developed a new Joint Tactical Radio System, which contains the spectrum defragmentation technology, is not a continuous spectrum of debris re-polymerization, to achieve the integration of resources to meet the needs of purpose. European development of the “Spectrum pool” technology, but also the integration of free spectrum resource collection, and dynamically allocated based on customer needs, improve efficiency in the use of the spectrum.

Now, the world’s major countries are seeking to develop spectrum sharing technology, without changing the existing spectrum allocation rules, through technical analysis tools simulate actual combination, so that different systems can share the same frequency band compatible. In addition, many countries and organizations through the use of advanced signal transmission technology, using a frequency equipment to improve the level of technology, and other means to control the transmission frequency, both to avoid the deterioration of the electromagnetic environment, but also to achieve efficient use of spectrum.

“The 21st century will be the era of the spectrum war”

Traditional air and sea superiority play, must be based on the electromagnetic advantage, losing electromagnetic power, will lose control of the air, sea control, electromagnetic space and space has become, ground and ocean coexistence fourth dimension battlefield. It can be said that the future of information warfare, who won the electromagnetic power, grasps the initiative on the battlefield. Former Chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff Thomas Muller said: “If a third world war, the winner will be the most adept at controlling the use of the electromagnetic spectrum and the party.”

Faced with escalating competition in the world of the electromagnetic spectrum, the US military has issued a joint spectrum vision, strategic planning and the Department of Defense Spectrum “Spectrum war” and other top-level strategic guidance documents, and to take away from the crowded band, the development of high-end spectrum, etc., developed microwave , laser, electromagnetic pulse weapons, etc., to actively seize the spectrum.British forces widely promote the use of intelligent and efficient radio modulation techniques to improve spectrum utilization efficiency of a wireless communication system.

In order to obtain the advantages of the spectrum in the future information warfare, Europe and the United States armed forces through the establishment of specialized agencies electromagnetic compatibility, the use of advanced simulation techniques to develop quality indicators management system, develop joint spectrum management system, etc., to improve battlefield electromagnetic spectrum management capabilities.

In recent years, cognitive radio, dynamic spectrum sensing, frequency control simulation deduction, emerging electromagnetic environmental adaptability analysis of new technologies, to the military electromagnetic spectrum management development has brought great opportunities and challenges. Experts predict that the future will share a common electromagnetic spectrum management towards spectrum resources, spectrum efficiency analysis and refinement of embedded dynamic spectrum management, direction and progress.

电磁频谱是一个国家的战略资源

电磁频谱是目前人类唯一理想的无线信息传输媒介，属于国家所有，与土地、森林、矿藏等资源一样，它既是一种稀缺的自然资源，也是经济发展、国防建设和社会生活各领域不可或缺、无法替代的核心战略资源。

目前，人类能够利用的无线电频谱在275吉赫兹以下，主要集中在30赫兹至40吉赫兹范围内，而且绝大部分是在3吉赫兹以下，优质资源极其有限。因此，世界各国对其争夺已经趋于白热化。

以卫星频率轨道资源为例，被誉为“黄金导航频率”80%的份额，被美国GPS和俄罗斯格洛纳斯导航系统率先抢占，世界各国不得不争夺剩余资源。

电磁频谱在经济、军事等领域的广泛应用，加之资源紧缺的突出矛盾，使其逐渐从后台走向前台，电磁空间成为世界各国争夺和博弈的重要战场。

每年，美国总统专门发表事关电磁频谱的《总统备忘录》，主导国家和军队的电磁频谱政策。英国政府在其发布的《21世纪的频谱管理》白皮书中，明确提出引入频谱定价、频谱拍卖、频谱贸易等手段，激励频谱资源的高效利用和新技术的研发。

有关研究报告表明，电磁频谱每年可为国家经济总量贡献3至5个百分点。1995年至2011年，美、英、法、德等国家，为发展第三、第四代移动通信网，所拍卖的频谱价值高达1300多亿美元。俄、法、德、日、澳等国家竞相完善相关法规，最大限度地维护本国的电磁频谱空间利益，极力推进电磁频谱资源市场化和国际化。

管好电磁空间的“红绿灯”

电磁频谱虽然是存在于自然空间，看不见摸不着，但并不意味着国家、组织和个人可以随意使用侵占。

同现代城市交通管理有很大的相似之处，在技术层面上，电磁频谱管理主要从频率、空间、时间三维展开，这也被形象地称为电磁空间的“红绿灯”。

目前，国际范围的电磁频谱管理主要是通过建立国际组织、签订国际协议、统一划分频谱来解决。各国也设立了频谱管理部门和监测站点，对频谱资源进行划分和使用。

据统计，美军一个步兵师约有70部雷达、2800部电台，俄罗斯一个摩托化步兵师约有60部雷达、2040部电台，保证如此多的电子装备有条不紊地工作，需要强大的频谱管理力量和机制。经过几次局部战争的洗礼后，美军从统帅部到野战师都设有专门的频谱管理机构，从国防部、联合参谋部到各军兵种，都建立了一整套完整的联合战役频谱管理体系，形成了成熟的管理机制。

根据美国陆军网站报道，美国研发的新型联合战术无线电系统，其中包含了频谱碎片整理技术，就是将不连续的频谱碎片重新聚合，实现整合资源、满足需求的目的。欧洲开发的“频谱池”技术，也是将空闲频谱资源收集整合，并根据用户需求进行动态分配，提高频谱的使用效益。

现在，世界主要国家都在大力发展频谱共享技术，在不改变现有的频谱分配规则下，通过仿真实测相结合的技术分析手段，使不同系统能够在同一频段兼容共用。此外，很多国家和组织通过采用先进信号传输技术、提高用频设备工艺水平、控制发射频率等手段，既避免了电磁环境的恶化，也实现频谱的高效利用。

“21世纪将是频谱战的时代”

传统海空优势的发挥，必须建立在电磁优势的基础上，失去制电磁权，必将失去制空权、制海权，电磁空间已成为与空间、地面和海洋并存的第四维战场。可以说，未来信息化作战，谁赢得了制电磁权，谁就掌握了战场主动权。美国前参谋长联席会议主席托马斯·穆勒曾说：“如果发生第三次世界大战，获胜者必将是最善于控制和运用电磁频谱的一方。”

面对世界范围内电磁频谱竞争的不断升级，美军先后出台联合频谱构想、国防部频谱战略规划以及“频谱战”战略等顶层指导文件，并采取避开拥挤频段、开发高端频谱等方式，研发微波、激光、电磁脉冲等武器装备，积极抢占频谱资源。英国在部队中广泛推广使用智能无线电和高效调制技术，提升无线通信系统的频谱使用效率。

为在未来信息作战中获得频谱优势，欧美等国军队还通过成立专门电磁兼容机构、采用先进仿真技术手段、制定质量指标管理体系、开发联合频谱管理系统等方式，提高战场电磁频谱管理能力。

近年来，随着认知无线电、动态频谱感知、频管仿真推演、电磁环境适应性分析等新技术的不断涌现，给军队电磁频谱管理发展带来了巨大机遇和挑战。专家预计，未来电磁频谱管理将朝着频谱资源共享共用、精细化频谱效能分析和频谱动态嵌入式管理等方向不断进步。

Classic examples of the electromagnetic spectrum

In 1914, the US Navy Atlantic Fleet in the first trial under the state of war radio communication equipment, results strongly spark near neighbor ship transmitters interference interrupt all radio communication, the participants had to make time allocation plan, assigned to the United States for two hours domestic radio transmitter, the other four countries 1 hour each. Thus, the Washington-based headquarters to an interval of 4 hours to its armed forces on the battlefield contact again.

In 1967, the US “Forrestal” aircraft carrier in the implementation of a particular military mission, carrier F-4 “Phantom” fighter ship radar beam is irradiated by the interference, the aircraft hanging space rocket was accidentally fired ignition, hit ship an a-4 “Skyhawk” attack aircraft fuel tank, causing a chain explosion, causing heavy casualties.

April 1980, the US Joint Task Force and local school Rangers joint implementation embassy hostage rescue mission in Iraq. In its way to evacuate due to a communication device and the Rangers are not compatible with the frequent collaboration errors, resulting in a helicopter and transport aircraft collided, eight commandos were burned to death and four serious burns.

May 4, 1982, the Falklands War, the British naval weapon known as a symbol and pride of the fleet, “Sheffield” cruiser by satellite communication and radar systems are not compatible, can only start work in turn, the result was Argentina “Super flag “aircraft launched the” flying fish “missile sunk.

June 9, 1982, the fifth Middle East war, Israel intercepted prior use of the Syrian army radar and “Sam” spectral parameters of the missile launch, just 6 minutes will be stationed in the Bekaa Valley which cost $ 2 billion in 19 “Sam” air defense missile sites completely destroyed. In the next two days of combat, Israeli fighter planes and electronic jamming aircraft with combat, created a miracle in the history of air combat.

After April 21, 1996, the Russian war in Chechnya, the hunting group through special electronic warfare, electronic signal war zone to collect, monitor, cell phone signal reconnaissance to Dudayev, was analyzed to confirm, and lock the phone signal coordinate system, cruise warplanes fired missiles on Dudayev was “targeted killings.”

May 2011, the US Navy Seals and Special Air Service regiment battle the implementation of “Neptune Spear” initiative. SEALs use of “Land Warrior” soldier system, and joint operations center for situation analysis and sharing of intelligence, special operations group UAV crew via satellite communication system commando operations return the White House and the Pentagon. Throughout its action, the US military weapons systems use spectrum resources covering all channels, in just 40 minutes, successfully kill Osama bin Laden.

1914年，美国海军大西洋舰队首次在战争状态下试验无线电通信设备，结果附近友邻舰艇发射机产生的强烈火花干扰中断了所有无线电通信，参加者不得不作出时间分配计划，分配2小时给美国对国内进行无线电发射，其他4个国家各1小时。这样，设在华盛顿的总部要间隔4小时才能与它在战场上的武装力量联络一次。

1967年，美军“福莱斯特”航母在执行某次军事任务时，舰载F-4“鬼怪”式战机受该舰雷达波束照射干扰，飞机悬挂的空地火箭弹被意外点火发射，击中舰上1架A-4“天鹰”式攻击机的副油箱，导致一系列连锁爆炸，造成重大伤亡。

1980年4月，美派联合特遣部队和当地别动队共同执行营救驻伊大使馆人质任务。在其撤离途中，由于和别动队的通信设备互不兼容，用频协同失误，造成1架直升机与运输机相撞，8名突击队员被烧死，4人严重烧伤。

1982年5月4日，英阿马岛之战，号称英海战利器和舰队骄傲象征的“谢菲尔德”号巡洋舰因卫星通信和雷达系统互不兼容，只能轮流开机工作，结果被阿根廷“超级军旗”飞机发射的“飞鱼”式导弹击沉。

1982年6月9日，第五次中东战争，以色列利用事先截获的叙利亚军队雷达和“萨姆”导弹发射的频谱参数，仅用6分钟就将其驻守在贝卡谷地的耗资20亿美元的19个“萨姆”防空导弹阵地彻底摧毁。在其后两天的空战中，以色列战斗机配合预警机和电子干扰机作战，创造了空战史上的奇迹。

1996年4月21日，俄罗斯在车臣战争中，通过特种电子战猎杀小组，对战区内的电子信号进行收集、监听，侦察到杜达耶夫的手机信号，进行分析确认后，锁定手机信号坐标，利用巡航战机发射导弹，对杜达耶夫进行了“定点清除”。

2011年5月，美军海豹突击队和特战空勤团实施“海王星之矛”行动。海豹突击队采用“陆地勇士”单兵系统，与联合行动中心进行态势分析和情报共享，特战空勤团无人机通过卫星通信系统将突击队行动回传白宫和五角大楼。整个行动过程，美军使用的武器系统频谱资源涵盖全频道，仅用时40分钟，便成功击杀本·拉登。

http://www.81.cn/rd/2015-06/18/

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Infratsructure, Chinese Military - Network & Space Forces, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Strategic Support Forces

Chinese Military Focus on Future Innovation-driven Development & Competition Seize Strategic High Ground

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By An Weiping

Source: 2015年12月29   来源：解放军报

104109724

The use of “Internet +” to create a new quality of thinking and fighting

Chairman of the Central Military Commission Xi Reform Work Conference, to focus on the future military competition to seize the strategic high ground, give full play to the role of innovation-driven development, cultivate new growth point of fighting. At present, China is the depth of promoting the “Internet +” action plan, which is the development trend of the Internet era of profound insight and wisdom to cope. Its essence is to promote the Internet, cloud computing, big data, networking integration and innovation as the representative of information technology and traditional industries, create new productivity. And viewed from the military point of view, the “Internet +” concept of thinking is also important for military innovation, foster new growth point fighting. But the military use of “Internet +”, not simply on the Internet “+” on, but in the military field dedicated “cyberspace” a “+”, and the use of “Internet +” thinking and a new generation of information technology, the establishment of improve the database, by fast and efficient flow of accurate data to improve reconnaissance, command and control, battlefield mobility, firepower, integrated security and information protection, and combat capability, to achieve accurate and timely release of aggregation and the overall combat effectiveness, thus creating adaptation of information technology The new mass combat operations.

“Internet” + target characteristic data, real-time sensing reconnaissance intelligence. Real-time reconnaissance capability is perceived to reach the battlefield transparent, seize the basis and key information superiority.Internet biggest feature is the remote control into the remote “touch” to achieve a seamless link between the sensor and processor, unimpeded access to battlefield information, real-time sensing reconnaissance intelligence. But the actual combat operations, the target is characterized by continuous change, if the lack of accurate target feature “full-dimensional” data, it is difficult to analyze, contrast, identify mass, low-density value of battlefield data, dig out the real and effective information, to achieve timely and accurate perception reconnaissance intelligence. Therefore, we should fully learn the “Internet +” big data analysis model, relying on accurate battlefield information and intelligence center to build, multi-dimensional and dynamic characteristics of the target database to database for support, fast and accurate analysis judged the enemy goal. “Accurate”, refers to a database of all the characteristics of the target data must be true, valuable information and data, can accurately reflect the different characteristics of the target property. “Multi-dimensional” refers to the use of land, sea, air, space, power and other means to obtain the same objective, the different nature of intelligence data and get the target from different angles appearance characteristics, as well as electromagnetic, infrared, and other information; “Dynamic “it refers to adapt to changes in weaponry and other targets, timely reconnaissance target feature information, the first perfect time to update the database, ensure that you always maintain a high accuracy of the data. Relying on the target database should also be characterized by the establishment of operational data analysis model, through the “cloud” on the large amount of data collection operations analysis of intelligence information to accurately determine and predict the enhanced situational awareness and decision support capabilities.

“Internet” + information system integration, to achieve accurate and efficient command and control. Accurate and efficient command and control capability is based on the core information system operational capability.Cyberspace so that all branches of the military combat information systems to achieve remote, synchronous, interactive connection, the commander combat global real-time grasp and mastery of the battlefield situation, belongs to all levels of command elements, each combat unit dynamic and effective action to implement the regulation. Integration must take an integrated approach, different branches of the military, information from different professions, different levels of system integration and other construction. First, functional integration, an integrated command platform, based on the relevant member information systems transformation, embedded sharing member, according to a unified configuration and management strategies, ensemble having interoperability integrated command and control system to ensure that all military branches, interrelated levels of command, synchronous interaction, information exchange command job sharing. Second, the system hinges primarily by branches of engineering and technical specifications according to a unified organization and implementation, through changing, modified (making) the existing command and control system, improve the various branches of the military command and control systems, enhancements and weapons platforms “hinge” capability . Third, data fusion, through a unified data format or data format conversion, data integration between branches Information System.

“Internet” + geographical information, fast place battlefield maneuvers.The essence of battlefield mobility, capacity utilization is decisive and overwhelming operational tempo seize the target location advantage. This requires full-dimensional perception by battlefield battlefield information system geographical information such day or night, we are well aware of how to maneuver the entire road, what factors affect mobility, in order to select the best motor route, timing and fast way to place . The rapid development of Internet intelligent navigation system, real-time provides a convenient quick and precise maneuvering. Therefore, to refer to the “Internet +” geographic information system, the establishment of geographic information as soon as military combat support systems, building geographic information database, and continuously enrich and perfect meteorological, hydrological and other data and road information and data information via satellite data links, etc. Real-time application queries and automatically senses the change, so that regional operational commanders real-time control, the rapid set-motorized determination, commanding troops quickly arrived combat area, to seize the fleeting fighters fighting to win the initiative.

“Internet” + Detective play commentary system, the rapid reaction accurate firepower. The condition of information warfare biggest feature is the “information-led firepower battle,” Internet interconnection links are distributed to the effective integration of various weapons platforms, network-based firepower systems possible. But rapid reaction precision firepower and damage the effectiveness of the play, is an investigation, control, play, commentary closed circuit, the need to establish a body blow interconnected system, like “Internet” + taxi, a “Didi taxi” system software, can be the first to discover and pinpoint the user application, and then through the analysis of user needs, while according to the position information of the vehicle to determine who carried out the service, and the fastest way to push information to the user service vehicles, service vehicles last feedback, to complete the service process. Similarly, the rapid response fire precision strike, the urgent need to establish a “play Detective Comment on” one of the firepower system, surveillance systems, decision systems, control systems, sensor fusion interconnected, so that the data flow and operational processes and seamlessly links mutual drive, always monitor the target information and firepower cell information, a substantial increase in the ability to extract data from the mass targeted; the same time through real-time information exchange, sensor control, task allocation plan and fire damage assessment, greatly reducing identify the target, targeted, target and damage assessment time, effectively improve the dynamic ability to strike targets, found that the anti-forming ability of the best mode.

“Internet” + Things security system, to achieve timely and accurate comprehensive security. Accurate and timely comprehensive support, is adaptive, intelligent means to reach at the desired time and place to provide timely and accurate combat all kinds of resources needed. The adaptive, intelligent, must establish an integrated management and control, integrated transportation security system of things together, things like relying on the development of Internet technology, the Internet and radio frequency identification, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanning technology, achieve mutual connection between anything, and through the exchange of information and communication, positioning, tracking, monitoring and precise management. Therefore, we should actively learn things the idea, and establishing information under combat conditions was associated support systems, integrated use of two-dimensional bar code, electronic tags, automatic identification technology, real-time monitoring and access to supply battle group team strength, guarantee supplies storage and consumption of dynamic information, accurately grasp logistical needs and resources, timely and accurate to the command structure at all levels, to provide comprehensive support group team information security needs. By precise control of the security resources to achieve transparent visualization controllable security process and improve efficiency battlefield support, logistical support adaptive capacity.

“Internet” + preset encrypted information, information protection security control. Effective delivery system based on the combat capability of information systems, data security depends combat controllable. As a result of the “Internet +” and bring the system vulnerability and threats and attacks from internal, external, so that security issues in information systems is very prominent. Therefore for the ever-changing battlefield, the effective implementation of dynamic data encryption. For example, by installing a micro-channel information encryption software that can encrypt messages on demand, voice, video and other information; another example, the terminal end smartphone encryption, anti-eavesdropping technology and SMS encryption and other network information security technology has gradually applied.Therefore, we should make full use of information technology, Internet security, cyberspace whole process of the implementation of dynamic encryption to ensure the confidentiality of information transmission, to ensure the integrity and non-repudiation of the information, communication channel resistance may be active or passive attacks. On the one hand “hard encryption”, and vigorously develop the user terminal installation of secrecy or confidentiality card machine; on the other hand is “soft encryption”, the development of intelligent terminal encryption software, use dynamic encryption algorithm, encrypted instant messages.

Original Mandarin Chinese:

习主席在中央军委改革工作会议上提出，要着眼于抢占未来军事竞争战略制高点，充分发挥创新驱动发展作用，培育战斗力新的增长点。当前，我国正在深度推进“互联网+”行动计划，这是对互联网时代发展潮流的深刻洞察和智慧因应。其实质就是促进以互联网、云计算、大数据、物联网为代表的信息技术与传统产业的融合创新，打造新的生产力。而从军事角度观察，“互联网+”思维理念对于军事创新，培育新的战斗力增长点同样重要。但军事领域运用“互联网+”，不是简单地在互联网上“+”，而是在军事领域专用的“网络空间”上进行“+”，并运用“互联网+”思维和新一代信息技术，建立完善的数据库，通过精准数据的快速高效流动，提高侦察情报、指挥控制、战场机动、火力打击、综合保障和信息防护等作战能力，达成整体作战效能的聚集和准确及时释放，进而打造适应信息化作战的新质战斗力。

“互联网”+目标特征数据，实现侦察情报的实时感知。实时感知的侦察能力是达成战场透明，夺取信息优势的基础和关键。互联网最大的特点就是将远程控制变为远程“触觉”，实现传感器与处理器间无缝链接，畅通战场信息获取渠道，实现侦察情报的实时感知。但实际作战行动中，目标特征是连续不断变化的，如果缺少目标特征准确的“全维”数据，就难以在海量的、价值密度低的战场数据中进行分析、对比、识别，挖掘出真实有效的信息，实现侦察情报的及时准确感知。为此，应充分借鉴“互联网+”大数据分析模式，依托战场信息情报中心构建准确、多维、动态的目标特征数据库，以数据库作支撑，快速准确分析研判敌情目标。“准确”，是指数据库中的所有目标特征数据必须是真实、有价值的信息数据，能够准确反映目标的不同属性特征。“多维”，是指运用陆、海、空、天、电等多种手段获取同类目标、不同性质的情报数据信息，并从不同角度获得目标的外观特征，以及电磁、红外等信息；“动态”，是指适应武器装备等目标的发展变化，及时侦搜目标特征信息，第一时间更新完善数据库，确保始终保持较高的数据精确度。同时应依托目标特征数据库建立作战数据分析模型，通过“云技术”对大量数据集合进行作战分析，对情报信息进行准确判断和预测，增强战场感知和辅助决策能力。

“互联网”+信息系统融合，实现指挥控制的精准高效。精准高效的指挥控制能力是基于信息系统作战能力的核心。网络空间使各个军兵种作战信息系统实现异地、同步、交互连接，指挥员可实时把握作战全局和掌握战场情况，对所属各级指挥要素、各个作战单元行动实施动态有效调控。必须采取综合集成的方式，进行不同军兵种、不同专业、不同层次等系统的信息融合建设。一是功能整合，以一体化指挥平台为基础，对相关信息系统进行构件化改造，嵌入共用功能构件，按照统一的配置和管理策略，组合集成为具有互操作能力的一体化指控系统，确保各军兵种、各级指挥相互衔接、同步互动，指挥作业信息互通共享。二是系统铰链，主要由各军兵种按照统一的工程技术规范组织实施，通过换装、改装（造）现有指挥控制系统，完善各军兵种指挥控制系统，增强与武器平台的“铰链”能力。三是数据融合，通过统一的数据格式或数据格式转换，实现军兵种间信息系统的数据融合。

“互联网”+地理环境信息，实现战场机动的快速到位。战场机动的实质，是利用决定性和压倒性作战节奏夺占目标位置优势的能力。这就需要通过全维战场信息系统感知战场地理环境信息，使得无论白天还是黑夜，都清楚知道机动全程路况怎么样、影响机动的因素有哪些，从而选择最佳的机动路线、时机、方式快速到位。互联网智能导航系统的迅速发展，为实时快速精确机动提供了便利。因此，要借鉴“互联网+”地理信息系统方式，尽快建立军事地理信息作战保障系统，构建地理信息基础数据库，不断充实完善气象、水文以及道路等数据信息，并通过卫星、数据链等实现数据信息的实时申请查询和变化自动感知，使指挥员实时掌握作战地域情况、快速定下机动决心，指挥部队快速抵达作战地域，抓住稍纵即逝的战机，赢得作战主动权。

“互联网”+侦控打评系统，实现火力打击的快反精确。信息化条件作战最大的特征就是“信息主导、火力主战”，互联网的互联互通为有效融合链接分散配置的各个武器平台，实现火力打击系统的网络化提供了可能。但火力打击的快反精确以及毁伤效能的发挥，是一个侦、控、打、评的闭合回路，需要建立互联一体的打击系统，就像“互联网”+出租车，出现“滴滴打车”系统软件一样，能够第一时间发现和准确锁定用户申请，然后通过分析用户需求，同时根据车辆的位置信息，确定由谁进行服务，并以最快的方式将用户信息推送至服务车辆，最后服务车辆进行反馈，完成整个服务过程。同样，实现火力精确打击的快速反应，亟须建立“侦控打评”一体的火力打击系统，将侦察系统、决策系统、控制系统、传感器进行互联融合，使数据流程与作战流程无缝链接并相互驱动，随时监控目标信息和火力单元信息，大幅提高从海量数据中提取锁定目标的能力；同时通过实时的信息交互、传感器控制、任务计划分配以及火力毁伤评估，大大缩短识别目标、锁定目标、攻击目标和毁伤评估时间，有效提高对动态目标的打击能力，形成发现即打击的最佳能力模式。

“互联网”+物联保障系统，实现综合保障的及时准确。准确及时的综合保障，就是以自适应、智能化的手段，达成在需要的时间、地点及时准确提供作战所需的各类资源。而实现自适应、智能化，必须建立综合管控、综合调运的物联保障系统，就像依托互联网技术发展的物联网，通过互联网以及射频识别、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描等技术，实现了任何物品间的相互连接，并通过信息交换和通信、定位、跟踪，实现精确的监控和管理。为此，应积极借鉴物联网的理念，建立适应信息化条件下作战的物联保障系统，综合运用二维条码、电子标签、自动识别等技术，实时监测和获取作战群队供应实力、保障物资的存储量及消耗等动态信息，准确掌握后勤保障需求和资源，及时准确向各级指挥机构、综合保障群队提供保障需求信息。通过对保障资源的精确控制，实现保障过程的透明可视可控，提高战场保障效益，实现自适应的后勤保障能力。

“互联网”+信息预置加密，实现信息防护的安全可控。基于信息系统的体系作战能力的有效释放，有赖于作战数据信息的安全可控。由于采用“互联网+”而带来的系统脆弱性和来自内、外部的各种威胁和攻击，使得安全问题在信息系统中十分突出。因此要针对瞬息万变的战场，对数据实施动态有效的信息加密。比如，微信通过安装一种信息加密软件，可以实现对短信、语音、视频等信息的按需加密；再比如，智能手机终端的端到端加密、防窃听技术和短信加密等网络信息安全技术已逐渐得到应用。为此，应充分借助互联网安全信息技术，对网络空间实施全过程的动态加密，保证信息传输的保密性，确保信息的完整性和不可抵赖性，抵抗对通信通道可能的主动或被动攻击。一方面要“硬加密”，大力开发用户终端加装保密卡或保密机；另一方面是“软加密”，开发智能终端加密软件，使用动态加密算法，实现信息的即时加密。

http://theory.people.com.cn/n1/2015/1229/

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Infratsructure, Chinese Military - Network & Space Forces, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀

China’s PLA Secret Military Information Troop Strategy //中國軍隊揭秘我军首支战略支援部队

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《 人民日报 》（ 2016年01月24日 )

中国解放军事科学院_lit

China’s People’s Liberation Army in 2016, a new combat force joins the PLA combat organization, it will become an important growth point of China’s  military combat capability and key strength leading to decisive nature of future wars…Secret military first team strategy support troops

December 31, 2015, and the Army leadership organization, listed with rocket forces, strategic support troops officially unveiled the PLA’s “family”!

“Strategic Support Unit is to safeguard the national security of the new combat forces, is an important qualitative growth of our military combat capability.” Chairman Xi Jinping stressed that the establishment of strategic support troops, military help to optimize the structure, improve the comprehensive support capabilities.Strategic support troops to adhere to system integration, civil-military integration, and strive to achieve leapfrog development in key areas, starting point to promote high standards of combat forces to accelerate the development of new, integrated development, strive to build a strong, modern strategic support units.

This is exactly what the troops support? Where highlights? Inception, the soldiers doing? Recently, this reporter approached the strategic support units, truly feel this nascent boom strong army troops.

“Without a high degree of integration, there will be no joint operations”

What is the strategic support? Case before us:

May 2011, the US military killed Osama bin Laden’s operations for the armed forces around the world a vivid lesson. On the surface, is the two “Black Hawk” helicopters and 24 “seal” commando on a mission, but behind it has a huge support system: Several pieces of reconnaissance and communications satellites, one responsible for real-time transmission and radio listening stealth unmanned reconnaissance missions, more aerial cover for the war to be F / A-18 fighter, an aircraft carrier battle groups responsible for strategic support, two of the five Central Asian bases and command centers, as well as various support guarantee ten thousand personnel……

This small-scale operations, major systems supporting combat style, demonstrating the winning mechanism of modern warfare. Information leading, system support, elite combat, joint victory, has become the basic characteristics of modern warfare.

“Strategic Support Unit is to support the battlefield, to ensure smooth operations, it is an important force in joint operations.” Military experts briefed reporters, figuratively speaking, strategic support troops for the army to provide accurate and reliable information to support efficient and strategies support guarantee, propped army system “information umbrella” that will blend action and armed with rocket forces, and throughout the war always, is the key to winning the war power.

“Without a high degree of integration, there will be no joint operations.” Strategic support units formed at the beginning, tightly pegged to the bottleneck restricting military joint operations in order to organize the work of planning military research started around how to understand the task, how construction and development, and how a good beginning in a higher starting point, different organizations Category troops, military leaders and experts in related fields, extensive research and discussion exchange, on major issues troop positioning functions, organization and structure, leadership and command system and other ongoing research and feasibility studies.Recently, the main leaders also dispatched military forces to the relevant units, mass fighting around the new generation to carry out special investigations.

Civil-military integration is the information war “nature.” According to statistics, the First World War, the number of industries involved in the development of weapons and equipment technology categories to ten dollars; World War II, extended to hundreds; to the Gulf War, it is in the thousands. In recent years, the proportion of military special technology United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan and other developed countries, more and more low, while military and civilian technology for more than 80%, the construction of military information technology for more than 80% are from the civil information systems.

Around the realization of civil-military integration, strategic support units proposed aspects from planning, mechanisms, resources, projects, and talent continue to promote the use of the depth of integration. New Year’s a start, force planning construction of a number of strategies, many military enterprises, scientific research institutions, experts figure has emerged, based on a unit, for the country, strong army service, “says think-tank” on the horizon.

“Accelerate the cultivation of new mass combat capability, create new combat forces.”

In the 21st century, the new military revolution shock avalanche. Especially with the continuous breakthroughs in information, intelligence, invisible, nanotechnology and other emerging technologies strategy, the new combat forces into a military capability leapfrog development “growth pole”, a new military power to compete, “darling.”

Public information, the United States set up space combat troops, built a Cyber ​​Command under the jurisdiction of 100,000 troops, to create the world’s largest network warfare forces. Russia’s integration with the Air Force Space combat forces to establish air and space forces, formed a network warfare command structure and the forces. British promoter cutting-edge network warfare units “77th Brigade”, specializing in “unconventional information warfare” by Facebook website platform. Japan through the “Basic Universe” speed up the process of militarization of space, and actively organize a “cyberspace defense team.”

Faced with surging wave of this new revolution in military affairs, who insight into the initiative, who will win in the future. Chairman of the Central Military Commission Xi and decisive decision-making, the formation of strategic support units, to create a new type of war to safeguard national security forces, and the quality of our military combat capability as an important growth point.

Around accelerate the cultivation of new mass combat troops established a technology weaponization of power systems, the ability to combat the direction of development, to enter the combat readiness as an index, advancing step by step actual combat capacity building.

Military construction focus to the war, the work to fight hard. Reporters in an interview that the strategic support units, at all levels of urgency in order to focus on reform, promote transformation, many feel accustomed to the keyboard and mouse of science and technology experts put training uniform, embarked on a parade ground. He has been shelved, parked in the research paper, was taken to the test site and the development of weapons and equipment training ground troop maneuvers, become a new quality to enhance the operational capability of the “multiplier.”

It is understood that a unit of strategic support troops adhere to seek a breakthrough in the prospective, pilot, exploration, disruptive technology, research and development of a new type of combat equipment has passed the preliminary assessment, damage the effectiveness of the equipment reached the international advanced level.

“Only innovation, to seize the strategic high ground military competition”

This year New Year period, strategic support military leaders by telephone, video and checking to your combat troops on duty. From the deep ocean to mountain forests, from the Gobi desert to the border of the motherland, the troops together full member, combat readiness, to meet the troops in combat roles established.

As a safeguard national security, new combat forces, strategic support troops to innovation as a source of power to seize the strategic high ground of military competition, cohesion innovative new combat forces in combat theory, organizational form and mode of development.

On the organizational form of innovation, focusing on a new command structure, strengthen research and exploration of new combat forces woven patterns and leadership and command relationships. Focus to achieve leapfrog development, troops raised to operational requirements for traction, with technological breakthroughs driven, problem-oriented Forced to compete for the development of model approaches beyond, out to chase style, imitative development of passive situation.

“The best way to maintain peace, in accordance with their own terms to redefine the war.” Focus on accelerating the transformation of troops functions, and actively adapt to the mission mandate expansion, strategic support troops keep up with world trends of new military revolution, advance planning the layout of the new combat forces, to establish their own led “war rules” to achieve asymmetric competitive advantage.

Reporters in an interview that the strategic support units, to the troops from the authorities, from the laboratory to the training ground, a “brainstorming” is being rolled rushes –

A unit organized the workshop, big data, cloud computing, 3D printing, a new term nanotechnology often blurted out in the discussion. Graduated from a prestigious university, Dr. Young told reporters a firm voice, “the military planning and preparation is always tomorrow’s war, and even the day after the war.”

In this interview, the reporter for the officers and soldiers often high-spirited spirit, sharp shock of forward thinking on the future of this nascent force confidence.

Orriginal Mandarin Chinese:

2015年12月31日，与陆军领导机构、火箭军一同挂牌，战略支援部队正式亮相中国人民解放军的“大家庭”！

“战略支援部队是维护国家安全的新型作战力量，是我军新质作战能力的重要增长点。”习近平主席强调，成立战略支援部队，有利于优化军事力量结构、提高综合保障能力。战略支援部队要坚持体系融合、军民融合，努力在关键领域实现跨越发展，高标准高起点推进新型作战力量加速发展、一体发展，努力建设一支强大的现代化战略支援部队。

这究竟是支什么样的部队？亮点在哪里？成立之初，官兵们在做些什么？近日，本报记者走近战略支援部队，真切感受这支新生部队的强军热潮。

“没有高度融合，就没有联合作战”

什么是战略支援？案例摆在眼前：

2011年5月，美军击毙本·拉登的作战行动，为世界各国军队上了生动一课。表面看来，是两架“黑鹰”直升机和24名“海豹”突击队员在执行任务，但其背后却有着一个庞大系统在支撑：若干颗侦察和通信卫星、一架担负实时传输和无线监听任务的隐形无人侦察机、多架空中待战掩护的F/A—18战斗机、一支担负战略支援的航母编队、两个中亚基地和五个指挥中心，以及近万名各类支援保障人员……

这种小规模行动、大体系支撑的作战样式，充分展示了现代作战的制胜机理。信息主导、体系支撑、精兵作战、联合制胜，已成为现代战争的基本特点。

“战略支援部队就是支援战场作战，保证作战的顺利进行，它是联合作战的重要力量。”有军事专家向记者介绍，形象地说，战略支援部队为全军提供准确高效可靠的信息支撑和战略支援保障，撑起全军体系的“信息伞”，它将与陆海空和火箭军的行动融为一体，贯穿整个作战始终，是战争制胜的关键力量。

“没有高度融合，就没有联合作战”。战略支援部队组建之初，就紧紧盯住制约我军联合作战的瓶颈，以组织开展军事工作筹划研究起步，围绕如何理解任务、如何建设发展、如何在更高起点上开好局，组织不同类别部队、军地相关领域的领导和专家，广泛开展调查研究和座谈交流，对部队职能定位、编成结构、领导指挥体制等重大问题进行持续研究论证。近日，部队主要领导还分赴军地相关单位，围绕新质战斗力生成开展专题调研。

军民融合是信息化战争的“天性”。据统计，一战时期，武器装备研制涉及的工业行业技术门类数以十计；二战时期，扩展到数以百计；到海湾战争时期，则是数以千计。近些年来，美、英、法、德、日等发达国家军事专用技术比重越来越低，而军民通用技术已超过80%，军队信息化建设80%以上的技术均来自民用信息系统。

围绕实现军民融合，战略支援部队提出，要从规划、机制、资源、项目、运用和人才等方面持续推动深度融合。新年一开局，部队谋划建设的多项战略工程中，已出现不少军工企业、科研院校专家的身影，一座立足部队、面向全国、服务强军的“云智库”初露端倪。

“加速培育新质作战能力，打造新型作战力量”

进入21世纪，新军事革命的冲击波汹涌而来。特别是随着信息、智能、隐形、纳米等战略新兴技术的持续突破，新型作战力量成为军事能力跨越式发展的“增长极”，成为军事强国竞争的新“宠儿”。

公开资料显示，美国组建太空作战部队，建成了下辖10万部队的网络司令部，打造了世界上规模最大的网络战力量。俄罗斯整合空军与航天作战力量建立空天军，组建了网络战指挥机构和部队。英国启动新锐网络战部队“第77旅”，通过脸书网站平台专攻“非常规信息战”。日本则通过《宇宙基本法》加快太空军事化进程，积极组建“网络空间防卫队”。

面对这场新军事革命的汹涌浪潮，谁洞察先机，谁就能赢得未来。习主席和中央军委果断决策，组建战略支援部队，打造维护国家安全的新型作战力量，并将其作为我军新质作战能力的重要增长点。

围绕加速培育新质作战能力，部队确立了技术武器化、力量体系化、能力实战化的发展方向，以进入战备为指标，分阶段推进实战化能力建设。

部队建设向打仗聚焦，各项工作向打仗用力。记者在战略支援部队采访时看到，各级都在以时不我待的紧迫感抓改革、促转型，许多摸惯了键盘鼠标的科技专家穿上了作训服、走上了练兵场。曾经束之高阁、停在纸上的科研成果，被带到了武器装备研制试验现场和部队演习训练场，成为提升新质作战能力的“倍增器”。

据了解，战略支援部队某部坚持在前瞻性、先导性、探索性、颠覆性技术手段上求突破，研发的某新型作战装备已通过初步评估，毁伤效能达到国际同类装备先进水平。

“只有锐意创新，才能抢占军事竞争战略制高点”

今年元旦期间，战略支援部队领导通过电话、视频抽查所属部队作战值班情况。从深山密林到深海远洋，从大漠戈壁到祖国边陲，部队官兵齐装满员、枕戈待旦，在战斗岗位上迎接部队组建。

作为一支维护国家安全的新型作战力量，战略支援部队把创新视为抢占军事竞争战略制高点的动力之源，聚力创新新型作战力量的作战理论、组织形态和发展模式。

在组织形态创新上，着眼新的领导指挥体制，加强对新型作战力量编成模式和领导指挥关系的研究探索。着眼实现跨越发展，部队提出了以作战需求为牵引、以技术突破为驱动、以问题倒逼为导向、以竞争超越为途径的发展模式，摆脱尾追式、模仿式发展的被动局面。

“维护和平的最好方法，就是根据自己的条件来重新定义战争”。围绕加快部队职能转型、积极适应使命任务拓展，战略支援部队紧跟世界新军事革命发展趋势，超前谋划新型作战力量布局，确立自己主导的“战争规则”，实现非对称竞争优势。

记者在战略支援部队采访时看到，从机关到部队，从实验室到演兵场，一场“头脑风暴”正在翻卷奔涌——

某部组织的研讨会上，大数据、云计算、3D打印、纳米技术等新名词不时在讨论中脱口而出。一位毕业自名牌大学的青年博士语气坚定地告诉记者，“军人谋划和准备的，永远是明天的战争，甚至后天的战争。”

在这里采访，记者每每为官兵昂扬的精神面貌、敏锐的前瞻思考所震撼，对这支新生部队的未来充满信心。

 

Source: 《 人民日报 》（ 2016年01月24日 )

China's Military Infratsructure, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military - Network & Space Forces, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀

People’s Republic of China: People’s Liberation Army General Officer Changes for New Military Commands

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People’s Republic of China: People’s Liberation Army General Officer Changes for New Military Commands

China on Friday, January 1st, 2016 unveiled further details of one of its largest military reforms, launching three new bodies of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), including an army command, an upgraded missile force and a special force for space and cyber wars. Chinese President Xi Jinping, who also heads the Central Military Committee (CMC), on Thursday conferred military flags to the commanders of the three bodies, namely the PLA Army General Command, the PLA Rocket Force and the PLA Strategic Support Force, at their inauguration ceremony in Beijing. This is part of China’s key reforms aimed at enhancing the Communist Party of China’s (CPC) leadership over the military, and boosting the PLA’s combat capabilities by establishing a modern military system.

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Newly Assigned PLA Generals of the Strategic Rocket and Support Forces

PLA’s New General Officer Assignments

[Pictured above starting with back row]

Army Commander Li Zuocheng (formerly the Chengdu Military Region Commander)

Army political commissar Liu Lei (former political commissar of the Lanzhou Military Region)

Lieutenant General Peng Bo (formerly the Lanzhou Military Region Deputy Commander)

Major General You Haitao (formerly the Nanjing Military Chief of Staff Region Deputy Commander)

Major General Ronggui Qing (formerly the Chengdu Military Region Commander)

Major General Shi Xiao (former deputy political commissar of the Lanzhou Military Region)

Major General Wu Gang (former deputy political commissar of the Nanjing Military Region, the Discipline Committee)

Major General Liuzhen Li (former General Armament Department of the Army equipment research)

Major General Zhangshu Guo (formerly the Beijing Military Region Political Department)

Major General Han Zhiqing (former Minister of Joint Logistics Department of the Jinan Military Region)

Major General Gao Bo (former chief minister of Minister of Joint Logistics Department of the Jinan Military Region)

Senior Colonel (Brigadier General Select)Lu Rong Yi (ordered to command the Ministry of Scientific Research)

中国解放军事科学院_lit

People’s Liberation Army Command

The army used to be supervised by four headquarters – the General Staff Headquarters, the General Political Department, the General Logistics Department and the General Armament Department. The establishment of the Army General Command puts the control directly under the Central Military Commission. It is a major measure to improve the leadership and command system, the Ministry of National Defense said earlier.

Through a joint command and combat system, the Central Military Commission will be able to directly lead the army, the navy, the air force and rocket force, which will largely enhance the efficiency during wartime, said Song. At a Chinese military conferral ceremony, President Xi said the move to form the Army General Command, the Rocket Force and the Strategic Support Force is a major decision by the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission to realize the Chinese dream of a strong military, and a strategic step to establish a modern military system with Chinese characteristics. It will be a milestone in the modernization of the Chinese military and will be recorded in the history of the people’s armed forces, according to Xi.

The Central Military Commission has also released a guideline on deepening national defense and military reform, about a month after Xi ordered a military administration and command system overhaul at a key meeting. According to the guideline, a new structure will be established in which the CMC takes charge of the overall administration of the PLA, the Chinese People’s Armed Police and the militia and reserve forces, while battle zone commands focus on combat and various military services pursue development. The military reforms, which will involve massive restructuring and regrouping, are expected to “make major breakthroughs” and achieve concrete results by 2020, according to the CMC.

PLA Cyber and Space forces

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Yang did not get into much detail about what the Strategic Support Force is, but said it is a force which combines the strategic, basic and support resources of the country’s new type of combat forces. But Song said this new force is mainly aimed at providing resources capable of protecting China’s cyber and space security. Song said the establishment of the Strategic Support Force shows the Chinese leadership’s vision of building a military that can meet the challenges of not only traditional warfare but also of new warfare centered on new technology.

PLA Rocket Force

Analysts said the establishment of the PLA Rocket Force is an upgrade of the previous Second Artillery Force, which operates strategic as well as conventional missile weapons.

The upgrade places the rocket force on an equal footing with the army, navy and air force, said Song Zhongping, a military expert. The name change to the Rocket Force from “Second Artillery Force” also shows China’s determination to enhance military transparency. It will also impose strong strategic deterrence, he said. The Defense Ministry on Friday stressed that the establishment of the Rocket Force does not mean a major change of its nuclear policy. Reiterating its no-first-use nuclear weapons policy and defensive nuclear strategy, spokesperson Yang Yujun said at a press conference that China’s nuclear policy remains consistent, and China always keeps its nuclear capability at the minimum level required for safeguarding its national security. “We will strive to build a strong and modern Rocket Force,” he said.

Source:

http://chinamil.com.cn/news-channels/photo-reports/2016-01/01/content_6840094.htm

China's Military Organization - Intelligence

Ministry of Defence in the People’s Republic of China Demystifying China’s General Staff Directorate 中華人民共和國國防部揭秘中國總參首長

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Ministry of Defence in the People’s Republic of China

Demystifying China’s General Staff Directorate

中華人民共和國國防部揭秘中國總參首長

八一解放軍

China’s People’s Liberation Army General Staff, subordinate to the Communist Party of China Central Committee. The Central Military Commission, is the organization which leads China’s national armed forces; it is a building and military operational command of the supreme command of authority. After streamlining under Xi Jinping’s recent modernization and adjustment, the Office of the General Staff now has an Operations Division, a Ministry of Information, the third section, is the Ministry of Information, which includes military training, a military affairs department, an equipment procurement department, a mobilization section, artillery, armor, combat engineering, anti-chemical warfare unit , electronic warfare radar units, Department of Political Affairs, Confidential Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Bureau, Foreign Affairs Bureau, Aviation Authority, and the military authority over other departments within the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).

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The following highlights at a few key sectors:

A General Staff

General Staff is considered a “General Staff Operations Department,” and is the ultimate operational military authority under China’s Central Military Commission, General Staff of the sequence is the “boss.” One is the most crucial of the General Staff, a division of the army all military commands are issued by one. He is the headquarters of the army during the war, when the war broke out, he was the representative of the country’s Central Military Commission, commander of military operations, and it also serves as the country’s highest military command, from the first place in the hierarchy of the General Staff.

Bai Jianjun incumbent Minister Major General Staff Operations Department, served as the Jinan Military Region deputy commander of the 54th Army, in March 2008, Marshall became the first 20 Army commander led his troops in May to participate in earthquake relief. 2009 appointed Minister of the General Staff Operations Division. There are five deputy minister one, are Major General, the direct leadership of the Chief of Staff Admiral Room Feng Hui.

General Staff of the General Staff is one of the largest department, under the jurisdiction of eight regular division level of bureau-level units, including the operational plan bureau, war Environment Agency, Joint Operations Bureau, Bureau of combat logistics organization, the Special Operations Bureau, the Bureau of the strategic objectives, readiness Bureau the exercise of the Authority. Two units would be under the jurisdiction of more to go, this section of the generals there are dozens of people, there is a joke, just throw a big stone, you can killed several generals. Liang Guanglie, chief of general staff came out after the reform, the US Joint Chiefs of Staff learning system, has been prepared to adjust. The military services, including the Army, Navy, Air Force, the Strategic Missile Forces (Artillery) – were in combat with a corresponding portion of the armed services bureau, in peacetime, the military services bureau responsible for tracking the corresponding daily activities of the military services, and to the Central Military Commission report. And in wartime, is responsible for coordinating the activities of the various military services.

A functional equivalent of the Pentagon’s Joint Staff J-3. Suppose the PLA is preparing a formal war plan, or emergency contingency plans, then this is a dry live. If Japan is now suddenly on the Diaoyu Islands to stir up trouble, then, is the one responsible for what, in 2001, the South China Sea military aircraft collided, is a direct command of the situation by the process. Also on the 1st to the 6th Shenzhou spacecraft launch, recovery, participation by a command of the General Staff, scheduling.

General Staff on duty 24 hours a belonging department, the command post located near the Summer Palace in northwest Beijing Yuquan Hill, commonly known as “Western Hills command post”, hundreds of meters deep underground command post by the elevator and out, can withstand nuclear attack; the Chinese people PLA land, sea and air, the Second Artillery Corps combat nerve center, similar to the Pentagon’s National Military Command Center. Its own communication center, information center, operations center, and other functional allegations. In wartime can act as a “national war command center” role. Western Hills command post with similar national readiness command center, the country there are many.

Second section of the General Staff

Two is the General Staff of the General Staff “intelligence unit”, is responsible for collecting, analyzing military and political intelligence, and the General Staff and the General Political Department of the three are considered military intelligence system. In a way, its strategic intelligence work and the Ministry of State Security (MSS) has partially overlap. Two main “customer” is the leadership of the General Staff, the Central Military Commission, the Department of Defense, branches of the military headquarters, the military-industrial leadership, and troop commander.

Major General Yang Hui is the incumbent minister of the General Staff bipartite, who has worked in Chinese Embassy in Yugoslavia, the former Soviet Embassy, ​​the Russian Embassy and Kazakh embassy, ​​and later served as vice minister of the General Staff of three, 31 Army deputy commander and concurrently he was appointed Russia Eastern Europe, Central Asia Institute, vice president, director of the Anti-Terrorism Research Center, China International Strategic Studies, Senior Fellow, adjunct professor of the Nanjing Institute of International Relations. Major General Yang Hui network warfare specialists. (Note: The latest data, Vice Minister Chen Friendship promoted bipartite minister)

General Staff consists of more than two bureau-level units.

A game in which the General Staff bipartite intelligence gathering is mainly responsible for Hong Kong and Taiwan. Of course, it is also responsible for important goals worldwide. The following inning with five offices: Guangzhou work at work at Beijing, Tianjin work at work at Shanghai, Shenyang work place. These work all over the place in this city in the name of certain offices appear. For example, work at Guangzhou, the Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government is the fifth office. Beijing Working People’s Government of Beijing Office called several offices. Now head of bipartite work at Beijing, the original military attaché in Russia. This is based on the geographical distribution of five configurations are also engaged in the work of the secret intelligence operations overseas. For example, Shenyang is responsible for intelligence gathering work in Russia, Eastern Europe, Japan, and the Guangzhou office work also seems to be responsible for intelligence gathering its adjacent areas. Its primary goal is to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions people. Shanghai and Nanjing at work at work are responsible for Western Europe and the United States.

Second, the General Staff Department of the Second Board, also known as “tactical intelligence bureau”, the PLA’s seven military regions (Guangzhou, Lanzhou, Nanjing, Chengdu, Jinan, Beijing, and Shenyang) each under the jurisdiction of the military intelligence unit, is being at the division level. These two sectors directly under the jurisdiction of the General Staff of the Second Board of Management. Primarily responsible for providing tactical intelligence to seven military forces and coordinate their work.

Two military intelligence officers of the General Staff Department of Military Strategy in order to meet demand and sent intelligence, belonging to the General Staff bipartite three innings, commonly known as military attaché office, there are more than four hundred employees, by geographical region and the importance of the Special Envoy of the collection activities is subdivided into seven groups. Military personnel gather intelligence on major foreign arms technology, the scale of war, military doctrine, economic and policy aspects. A lot of this information can be obtained from public sources, but sensitive technology in general must also be taken in order to obtain confidential manner. The main way to get there is the General Staff Intelligence bipartite three ways: First, in various capacities as a cover for sending military personnel to a foreign intelligence; the second is the analysis of military intelligence from foreign publications; third is sent to the embassy military attaché. Chinese embassies were sent by the military attaché bipartite General Staff, and not by the Foreign Ministry or the Ministry of Defence. Attaché is military personnel, the highest level is the military attaché in the United States, is the military level, the rank of Major General. Some military attaché stationed in other countries is a positive military level, some deputy corps, but in most countries the military attaché, were positive at the division level, which is the colonel.

Two military personnel have specialized training institutions, training programs including espionage skills and language ability. Two former Minister General Staff Major General Luo Yudong served as president of the Nanjing Institute of Foreign Affairs. Nanjing Foreign Affairs College now renamed the People’s Liberation Army Institute of International Relations, the predecessor of the PLA 793 hospital School of Foreign Languages, Luoyang and Nanjing after the Cultural Revolution moved from Zhangjiakou, is divided into two colleges. That’s two intelligence skills training and language skills of school.

Second, under the jurisdiction of the Department of the General Staff also have many intelligence analysis bureau, responsible for specific geographical targets deep intelligence analysis: If the bipartite four innings responsible for understanding the CIS and Eastern Europe, political and military policy, five innings for the US and Western countries Analysis of intelligence gathering; and the sixth inning put the focus on neighboring Asian countries and China. Five innings during political and economic analysis of the main advantage of open channels to obtain publications. Analysts bipartite in the United States often have to work for many years in the United States, because this particular study enjoy high reputation in China intelligence circles. At the same time it may take considerable time and effort to develop the language ability of the analyst, so that he can identify the cultural and political information publications in the United States and Europe reflected. Five innings two favorite sources of information is the US Congress and the RAND Corporation report file.

Bipartite seven innings for the Science and Technology Bureau, is responsible for military weapons research, design and development of intelligence. Seven foreign intelligence aimed at future military science and technology, and domestic weapons development unit has close ties, can play a significant role in weapons development process. Qiju existing six research institutions belong to the Agency’s Management: includes fifty-eighth Institute of espionage equipment development, production and technical assistance equipment seagulls electronic equipment factory, Beijing electronics factory, fifty-seventh Institute, North Jiaotong University Computer center and where your own computer center.

Two and a bureau of arms control, specifically designed to deal with foreign ballistic missile defense systems and arms control issues. Since the Foreign Ministry has a department in charge of arms control and disarmament, the People’s Liberation Army and he set up a similar department. And the arms control mechanism is provided under the two, it is because the work of intelligence and foreign affairs at the General Staff of the interior is made with a deputy chief of staff to charge.

Section II has the following departments:

Archives Collection publications abroad. It is a subordinate unit of military Yi Wen Press, the company responsible for the translation and re-military magazine published in other countries.

Secret Service is responsible for handling, conveying and collection of confidential documents, is also responsible for the development of security classification of documents.

Provide comprehensive logistics services for office staff, such as transportation, office equipment, entertainment centers and diet.

Guard Bureau is responsible for the safety of the Central Military Commission and the headquarters of leadership. In the second section of the security agencies also enjoy judicial powers.

In addition, the name of the General Staff publicly bipartite research institution “International Institute for Strategic Studies”, which is past the Beijing International Institute of Research. So that both experts and scholars Strategic Research Institute, is the second unit of the General Staff officer. For example, in the period after Chen Shui-bian, the Taiwan Strait tensions, often published by a young scholar to speak against Taiwan Xin Qi, which is the second portion of the General Staff of a scholar. Staff Intelligence bipartite level is much higher than the Ministry of National Security, as it has been extended from the Red Army era to the present, therefore, there is China’s CIA (US Central Intelligence Agency) said.

Second section of the General Staff intelligence officers who are basically three: dense industrial and commercial dry, anchored. The first man is of the General Staff of full-time military personnel bipartite, is in the preparation of such a person in the circle is called the “secret work” professionally trained. The Ministry of State Security and Public Security of these people are called “dense dry”, but also in public security or national security establishment in the interior. The second man is half in the series, in the circle is called the “commercial dry”, saying that they are ‘half in the series “because their names on the computer intelligence unit, but the staff did not enter the military system. The administrative establishment such as one called Zhang Peng, whether it is an accident in Guangdong beat up, robbed, or open the underground brothel, as long as there is no dead, police came when Zhang Peng, Peng can say: You I cannot move, I was engaged in intelligence, a certain person. In addition, if Peng exit, than People’s Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration can only take six thousand Hong Kong dollars in Hong Kong when the Chinese citizens to the provisions of carry sixty ten thousand Hong Kong dollars and then caught by Customs, customs Peng will tell people, you cannot move me, I was the mouth of intelligence, is a certain person. Then customs will likely make a phone call to the authorities to ask. And because Peng’s name is on the mouth of computer intelligence, there a check and said: Peng is our people after such confirmation, the customs then you can only put people to put money.

In fact, the second man inside, and can be divided into two categories: one is relatively close to the “secret workers” are both on the list of military computers, has officially made the uniforms. Also, there is a salary nominally, the Central Military Commission is Rehang. If this person is indeed engaged in intelligence work because of the expense, then the money will be handed over to the man’s family. This may usually receive no wages, but the state will retain a person for this. Another person is not doing intelligence, it can be said of such people into the intelligence sector is purely to be able to rely on the usual relationship between the two portions for trading a lot of money. Because everyone knows that Chinese military authorities have called exemption chapter, there is an absolute privilege exemption of imports of goods. A third person is called “anchored”, which most people in the community. The vast majority of these people who are affiliated to a number of foreign military in the local offices below. For example: the Guangzhou Military Intelligence Department of identity at the local level is the “Guangdong Provincial People’s Government fifth office”, the head of sub-director and political commissar. The original five-run political commissar called Fu Jun, vice minister-level equivalent of Guangzhou Military Intelligence Department, he turned out to be the Director of Personnel Department of the Guangzhou Military Region.

Three of the General Staff

Three General Staff, also known as “listening unit”, is responsible for interception, processing and transfer of foreign radio communication signal propagation. That is through a border and coastal areas in the numerous “listening post” in intercepting electronic intelligence work. Former intelligence officers monitoring 24 hours a day listening to foreign television, and now adds support for Internet surveillance. This is somewhat similar to the US National Security Agency (NSA). “Network Control Center” section of the three located in Haidian District. General Staff is currently estimated at three hundred thousand persons responsible for monitoring all international calls. All international calls on recording equipment in advance to enter some key words, such as the names of some of the Chinese leaders, some sensitive event name, as well as some of the taboo words, when the recorder is sensitive to these terms, it will automatically jump up, then monitor staff will immediately check this phone to track listening, and three also intercepted faxes overseas.

Three overseas has many listening posts, in 1992 the Government of Myanmar agreed to set up a listener Chinese station on the Andaman Islands, to monitor the Indian Ocean. 1994 Lao government agree China Champasak Province in southern Laos (Champasak) listens to establish three stations, one in Khong. 1999 Chinese in Cuba located on Lourdes (Lourdes) in a project to expand cooperation listens station, the station was originally established by the Soviet Union.

Three is also responsible for domestic military network communication listener work, any wired and wireless communication links cannot avoid this listener’s ears network between the military regions, which helps to combat security checks.

Similar to the second section of the General Staff, General Staff three in seven military also has subsidiary bodies, regional anti-military regions responsible for intelligence gathering and processing backbone listens station is the headquarters of three military regions to operate directly under the jurisdiction of the General Staff Department of the three management. The commander of military regions and staff have no right to intervene in the three institutions to expand their area of ​​prevention work. There is no affiliation between its stationed with the provincial military and large military. These listeners stand personnel, budget, establish respectfully the responsibility of the three Department of the General Staff. Listening station military regions have different functions and objectives of the region, such as: the Lanzhou Military Region, responsible for three innings in signal communication with the Russian side of the listener, and shoulder the important mission of the Russian missile attack early warning. The department should belong to three eight innings, the “former Soviet Union responsible for intercept electronic communications signal”, Central Asian republics also the council’s target range, the listener object is the Sino-Russian border areas. Three 12th Bureau is mainly responsible for the “identification and tracking of foreign satellite – the US military satellites.” A facility located 12 Bureau of Xichang.

Three minister Major General Wu Guohua, political commissar: Major General Wang Yongsheng.

Four General Staff

Four General Staff as “electronic radar countermeasure unit”, established in 1990, is mainly responsible for electronic warfare, including electronic intelligence, electronic warfare, and radar control and so on. Minister of the General Staff had accounted for four flat Major. In recent years, the PLA and electronic warfare tactics Jizhen been strengthened. Before the formation of the General Staff of four electronic warfare is a duty two portions. In addition to the implementation of the policy content of the PLA electronic warfare theory prescribed, four also provides electronic defense to strategic objectives, such as the Western Hills in Beijing military command and control center of the C4I system. In providing electronic protective measures to important national goals, and also in charge of the General Staff of four electronic warfare units army down to the division level units belong. Also manages and signals intelligence and electronic warfare operations leading naval and air forces, such as airborne intelligence-gathering system, the Navy shipboard facilities.

There are also a number four innings, armed forces troops to provide guidance on business respectively, directly under the Department of Electronics and radar troops against troop’s vertical leadership, or their counterparts responsible for some of the work of the Institute. Including the Southwest Research Institute of Electronic (i.e. 29 Chengdu Institute), responsible for the development of radar jammer station. 54 Institute of General Staff, that the special “for the development of electronic warfare and radar unit radar pulse parameters analyzed digital signal processors electronic intelligence.” 36 Hefei Institute, responsible for the development of communication jammer. In addition, the General Staff as well as its own four military academies, including Hefei PLA Electronic Engineering Institute.

In addition to managing the PLA’s military communications systems outside the General Staff Communication Department also full communications infrastructure modernization drive in China has played a leading role. Mainly includes the following items:

◎ Military telephone network (non-secret)

◎ Confidential telephone network

◎ Army data communications network (probably above the “army of public data exchange network”)

◎ Field communications system, which “integrates sound, light, electrical signals, the use of aerial, underground, submarine data link.” (As tactical / operational network system, the integration of optical fiber communications, and satellite communications.)

Another item on the People’s Liberation Army communication systems include:

◎ Underground fiber-optic network

◎ Communications satellite

◎ Microwave Communication

◎ Shortwave radio stations

◎ Automatic command and control network

General Staff Communication Department has a lot of units and personnel within the establishment in the fixed communication facilities (such as high-frequency communications, microwave communications, satellite communications, telephone switching systems, tropospheric scatter communications) as well as mobile communications equipment strategy. Four General Staff under a lot of maintenance and logistics units within the establishment to the relevant equipment repair, supply, maintenance, testing, calibration, and perform the functions of the General terms. In short, the General Staff Communication Department shouldered the main military mission is: planning and realization of the PLA modernization operational command and administrative communication network. Currently in charge of General Staff Communication Department is to build a telecommunication network to meet the need to fight a “local war under high-tech conditions”. At this point, the communication unit is focusing on achieving “six changes” military communications. These changes include:

  1. from the analog communications to digital communications transformation
  2. The transition from cable to fiber optic cable
  3. Terminal to change from single-use multipurpose terminal
  4. From the electromechanical switching system to an automatic switching system changes
  5. from the single-task network transition to multi-task network
  6. from manual to automated systems management and intelligent system management change

General Staff Guard Bureau

People’s Liberation Army General Staff Guard Bureau is prepared, which is the Central Office Guard Bureau, responsible for directing the Central Guards Regiment, known as 8341 troops.

General Staff Guard Bureau is being prepared corps, under the eight regular division level unit, the person in charge is the rank of general, and Chief of Staff of the same level. Secretary is also first deputy director of the Central Office (ministerial level), deputy director of including Deputy Secretary are Major General. Responsible for specific security command and coordination of national leaders you.

General Staff Guard Bureau is responsible for the defense of the leading organs of the Party Central Committee (Politburo) of the Central Military Commission and a safe. Also included Vice President, Vice Chairman of the NPC, CPPCC vice-chairman, the deputy secretary, Supreme People’s Procuratorate long, Supreme Court president and above leaders. Almost all state leaders living near Zhongnanhai and Zhongnanhai, the General Staff Guard Bureau is undoubtedly high position. A head of the Guards Regiment, awarded the rank, indicating the central importance of this force, for example, if what happened now Zhongnanhai, the Central Guards Regiment to the quick, or stationed in the Beijing suburb of 38th Army to the quick. Thus in 1976, the CPC Central Committee smash gang of four, is the central security group (8341 units) completed. Central Guards Regiment in charge of the central leadership of the security work, which is a very important and very politically sensitive posts, who must fill the position is the central leadership of the most trusted people.

In many army troops designation in 8341 is arguably the most famous. It was in 1953 in the Central Guard Division to form the basis of a group together, was formally established in Zhongnanhai June 9 that year. First built in 8341 when the army only 1,000 people, the main task is to defend the five leaders – Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yun. Owned by the Ministry of Public ninth inning leadership. The then Minister of Public Security is Lo Jui-ching, Wang Dongxing nine innings of the Secretary, the Deputy Secretary is Zhang Yaoci. During the “Cultural Revolution” 8341 troops replaced by the Central Office leadership, Wang Dongxing specifically responsible for leading, directing. Preparation expanding more than 8,000, the jurisdiction of seven brigades, 36 squadrons. The number of troops has been the equivalent of a division of troops. “913” after the incident, Lin Biao and the gang attempted to use against aircraft bombed Zhongnanhai, the Diaoyutai conspiracy, has set up an eighth brigade, namely cannon brigade, arranged around Zhongnanhai in order to ensure the safety of its over, but not for long on withdrawn. First built in 8341 when the guard unit or the target is more concentrated, mainly in Yuquan Mountain; new Rokkasho, Zhongnanhai, etc., and later expanded to Beidaihe, Tiananmen Square, the Great Hall, Diaoyutai. Due to various reasons, the scope of security is greatly increased during the “Cultural Revolution”, the addition of Changping farm, Beijing Botanical Garden, Garden Village, East Cabinet and other places.

General Staff Guard Bureau under the jurisdiction of departments are: the General Office of Political Affairs, Policy Research Department, the Department (command and coordination center), Ministry of Information Technology, Communications, Training Wing (Cadre Training Group), livelihood security department, construction review Ministry Liaison Department, cadres Force (Guard Battalion), a brigade authorities Service Center (Zhongnanhai) Second Battalion (Great Hall) Third Brigade (new six) four teams (Yuquan Hill) five brigades (Beidaihe) Six Brigade (Special Operations Battalion) Seven Battalion (Cadre Battalion) Eight brigade is (engineering and maintenance team).

Leading security standards are divided into: a guard of the Politburo Standing Committee.

Politburo member, alternate member of the CPC Central Committee, vice chairman of National People’s Congress, State Councilor for the two guards (the Chinese Nationalist Party Chairman Lien Chan to visit the mainland to strengthen the use of two security guards). CPPCC Vice Chairman, Supreme People’s Court, Supreme People’s Procuratorate for the three guards over the leadership after retirement if, based upon the original standard security guards. Provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the main party leaders who also guard the goal, secretary of the country, the city, the state, as the case may determine the level of security, usually three guards and so on.

8341 security work forces very tight organization, the principal leaders of both the division of labor forces, Mao’s guards done by Wang Dongxing, Zhang Yaoci responsible, guards brigade is a brigade, security forces Zhongnanhai A zone is a brigade, a squadron; Lin Biao The guards work by the deputy head Zhang is responsible for, guards brigade is the Second Battalion, Second Battalion of the Guard squadron is a squadron; because Zhou Enlai lived in Zhongnanhai, the guards brigade is also a brigade, a squadron guards brigade three squadrons headed by Yang in. Other Politburo Standing Committee also has specific security brigade and squadron and responsible person. Was responsible for a team of Zhongnanhai and the surrounding area, the Second Battalion in charge of Maojiawan and the surrounding area, the four teams in charge of security in and around the Yuquan Shan, seven brigade responsible for the central directorate Beidaihe resort and the surrounding area, five brigade responsible for the Diaoyutai State and surrounding areas, other Several brigades are mobile brigade. In addition, each security zone has divided into specific perimeter and inner circle, the inner circle is divided into A, B, C area. A person can freely access area B, C area, but B, C zone A zone cannot easily access. In the 1970s to over Beijing’s Great Hall of the people know or see around pulling the cord, there are security guard, pedestrians cannot enter the security zone. Outside the red walls of Zhongnanhai have fixed posts and swimming whistle, of course, plainclothes whistle. Zhongnanhai, the Great Hall in addition to sentry outside the door, door security zone there, an outsider, a stranger is simply to get in. Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others around the residence and living areas as well as multi-channel guard, unrelated persons, including 8341 troops of some leading cadres without the approval and consent also do not allow access, which is strictly regulated. 8341 cadres and soldiers because of their work out of Zhongnanhai, the Sentinels know can be released, and did not know where the company should be contacted to ensure correct case can be released.

However, this designation in 8341 there was a time back and forth change too. In 1975, when the military forces of the designation by the 4-digit rise to 5 digits, but the central security group is still 4 digits, then 8341 to 57001 by the designation of external, internal and remains unchanged, but Soon forces have received notice of the change callback 57001 8341 until shortly after the death of Chairman Mao in 1976, 8341 before it was changed to 57003, in October 2000 to 61,889 units.

General Staff Guard Bureau leaders

SECRETARY: Cao Qing in

Deputy Director:

Major General Li Hongfu

Major General Yan Min

Ma Jinhu Major General in charge of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee Chairman Wu Bangguo guard

Major General Zhao Jiang stay

Major General Sun Yuan Gong

Major Jiangguang Qing

Major General Zhou Dongsheng

Major General Ye your new

The leaders of the Central Military Commission

CMC leadership

PRESIDENT: Xi Jinping

Vice-Chairmen: Xu Liang Fan Changlong

Members: Chang Wanquan Room Feng Hui Zhang Yang Zhao Xia Wu Shengli and Zhang Shi Wei Feng and Ma Xiaotian

Former Chief of Staff

Zhou Enlai and chief of staff

Marshal Xu Xiangqian

Marshal Nie

Su Yu

Huang Kecheng general

Lo Jui-ching generals

Yang Chengwu

Admiral Huang Yongsheng

Deng Xiaoping’s chief of staff

Admiral Yang Dezhi

Chi Haotian

Zhang Wannian

Fu Admiral

Liang Guanglie

Chen Bingde

Admiral Room Feng Hui

Belonging to the Military Academy of the General Staff

Nanjing Army Command College

Shijiazhuang Army Command College

Information Engineering College (Zhengzhou)

Artillery Command College (Hebei Xuanhua)

Shenyang Artillery Academy

Zhenjiang Institute of boats

Engineering Command College (Xuzhou)

Communication Command Academy (Wuhan)

Chongqing Communication Institute

Electronic Engineering Institute (Hefei)

Institute of International Relations (Nanjing}

Army Missile Academy (Langfang)

Nanjing University of technology & Engineering

Anhui Artillery Academy

Bengbu Tank Institute

Xi’an Communication Institute

Luoyang Foreign Languages ​​Institute

Zhangjiakou Communication Institute

Zhengzhou Air Defense Forces College

Sports (communication) College (Guangzhou)

Engineering Institute of Chemical Defense Command (Hebei Changping)

Beijing Army Aviation Academy

National Defense and the National Defense University directly under the Central Military Commission, not to the local college enrollment

 

Original Mandarin Chinese:

中國人民解放軍總參謀部，在中國共產黨中央委員會、中央軍事委員會領導下，負責組織全國武裝力量建設和作戰指揮的最高軍事統率機關。經過精簡調整後，總參謀部下設辦公廳、作戰部、情報部、第三部、信息化部、軍訓部、軍務部、裝備部、動員部、炮兵部、裝甲兵部、工程兵部、防化部、電子對抗雷達部、政治部、機要局、測繪局、外事局、陸航局、管理局等部門。下面重點介紹一下幾個主要部門：

總參一部

總參一部就是“總參作戰部”，是總參序列中的”老大”。一部是總參最最要害的一個部門，全軍所有的軍事命令都是通過一部下達。他是全軍作戰時的總指揮部，在戰爭爆發時，他就代表中央軍委指揮全國的軍事行動,它同時也作為國傢最高軍事指揮部,在總參的層次結構中起首位作用。

白建軍少將是現任總參作戰部部長，曾擔任過濟南軍區第54集團軍副軍長，2008年3月任陸軍第20集團軍軍長，5月率部參加汶川地震抗震救災。2009年任總參謀部作戰部部長。一部還有5個副部長，都是少將,由總參謀長房峰輝上將直接領導。

總參一部是總參最大的一個部門，下轄8個正師級的局級單位，包括作戰計劃局、戰爭環境局、聯合作戰局、作戰組織運籌局、特種作戰局、戰略目標局、戰備局、演習管理局。下轄的二級的單位那就多瞭去瞭，這個部的將軍有幾十人，有笑話，隨便扔個大石頭，就可以砸死幾個將軍。梁光烈總參謀長上臺後搞瞭改革，向美國的參謀長聯席會議制度學習，已經進行瞭編制調整。各軍種,包括陸軍、海軍、空軍、戰略導彈部隊(二炮)–均在作戰部設有相應的軍種局，在平時，這些軍種局負責追蹤其對應的各軍種日常活動情況，並向中央軍委匯報。而戰時，則負責協調各軍種的活動。

一部在職能上相當於五角大樓Joint Staff的J-3。假設解放軍正在擬定一份正式的作戰計劃，或者突發事件的應變計劃，那麼這就是一部幹的活。如果現在日本突然在釣魚島挑起事端，那麼，負責處理就是一部的事情，2001年，南海軍機相撞，就是由一部直接指揮事態處理的。還有神州1號到6號飛船的發射、回收，都由總參一部參與指揮、調度。

總參一部屬於24小時值班的部門，指揮所位於北京頤和園西北的玉泉山附近，俗稱“西山指揮所”，指揮所深處於上百米的地下，通過電梯進出，可以抵禦核打擊;是中國人民解放軍陸、海、空、二炮的作戰神經中樞，類似於五角大樓的國傢軍事指揮中心。其擁有通信中心、情報中心、作戰指控中心等職能。在戰時可以起到“國傢戰爭指揮中心”的作用。與西山指揮所類似的國傢戰備指揮中心，全國還有多處。

總參二部

總參二部就是總參“情報部”，主要負責搜集、分析軍事政治情報，與總參三部和總政聯絡部都屬軍隊情報系統。在某種程度上，其戰略情報方面的工作與國傢安全部(MSS)有部分重迭。二部的主要”客戶”是總參領導，軍委、國防部、軍兵種總部、軍事工業集團的領導，和部隊指揮員。

楊暉少將是現任總參二部的部長，曾先後在中國駐南斯拉夫使館、前蘇聯使館、俄羅斯使館和哈薩克使館工作，後又擔任總參三部副部長、31集團軍副軍長，並兼任任中國俄羅斯東歐中亞學會副會長，中國國際戰略學會反恐怖研究中心主任、高級研究員，南京國際關系學院兼職教授。楊暉少將是網絡戰專傢。(註：最新資料，二部副部長陳友誼晉升部長)

總參二部下設多個局級單位。

其中總參二部一局主要負責香港和臺灣的情報收集。當然，它也負責全世界范圍內的重要目標。一局下面有五個辦事處：廣州工作處、北京工作處、天津工作處、上海工作處、沈陽工作處。而這些工作處都是以駐這個城市的某某辦公室的名義出現。比如說廣州工作處，就是廣州市人民政府第5辦公室。北京工作處就叫北京市人民政府第幾辦公室。現在二部北京工作處的負責人，原來是駐俄羅斯的武官。這五個根據地理分佈配置的工作處也從事海外秘密諜報行動。例如，沈陽工作處負責俄羅斯、東歐、日本的情報收集，廣州工作處看來也是負責其鄰近地區的情報收集。其首要目標是港澳臺地區的人。上海工作處和南京工作處分別負責西歐和美國。

總參二部二局，又稱“戰術情報局”，解放軍七大軍區(廣州、蘭州、南京、成都、濟南、北京、沈陽)各有軍區下轄的情報部，屬正師級。這些部門直接歸口總參二部二局管理。主要負責向七大軍區部隊提供戰術情報並協調其工作。

總參二部為滿足軍事戰略情報需求而派出的軍情人員，屬於總參二部三局，俗稱武官處，有四百多員工，按地理位置和所在地區對特使搜集活動的重要性，又被細分為七個小組。軍情人員主要搜集有關外國武器技術、戰爭規模、軍事學說、經濟和政策方面的情報。很多這種信息都能從公開渠道得到，但敏感技術一般來說還必須采取秘密方式才能獲得。總參二部獲得情報的方式主要有三個途徑：一是向外國派遣以各種身份為掩護的軍事情報人員;二是從外國的公開出版物上分析軍事情報;三是向駐外使館派出武官。中國駐各國大使館的武官都是由總參二部派出，而不是由外交部或國防部。武官是軍職人員，級別最高的是駐美國的武官，正軍級，軍銜是少將。駐其他國傢的武官有些是正軍級，有些是副軍級，但是駐多數國傢的武官，都是正師級，也就是大校。

二部有專門機構培訓軍情人員，培訓項目包括諜報技巧和語言能力。原總參二部部長羅宇棟少將曾擔任南京外交學院院長。南京外交學院現更名為解放軍國際關系學院，該院前身是中國人民解放軍793外國語學院，文革後從張傢口遷至洛陽和南京，分為兩個學院。這就是二部培訓諜報技巧和外語能力的學校。

總參二部還下轄有多個情報分析局，負責對特定地域的目標進行深層次的情報分析：如二部四局負責瞭解獨聯體和東歐的政治軍事政策，五局負責美國和西方國傢的情報搜集分析;而六局則把工作重點放在與中國相鄰的亞洲國傢上。五局在進行政治和經濟分析時主要利用公開渠道得到的出版物。二部駐美國的分析傢常常要在美國工作很多年，因為這一特殊的研究在中國情報圈內享有較高的聲譽。同時可能要花相當多時間和精力來培養語言能力強的分析傢，這樣他才能辨別出美國和歐洲公開出版物中所反映的文化和政治信息。五局最喜歡的兩個美國資料來源就是國會的報告和蘭德公司的文件。

二部七局為科技局，主要負責軍事武器的研究、設計和開發情報。七處瞄準的是國外未來軍事科學技術的情報，和國內武器研發單位有密切的聯系，能夠在武器研發過程中起到很大作用。七局現有六個研究機構屬該局管理：包括開發諜報設備的第五十八研究所、生產技術性援助設備的海鷗電子設備廠、北京電子廠、第五十七研究所、北方交通大學計算機中心和該處自己的計算機中心。

二部還有一個軍控局，專門用來處理國外彈道導彈防禦系統和軍控問題。由於外交部設有一個負責軍控和裁軍的部門，所以解放軍自己也設一個類似的部門。而把軍控機構設在二部之下，則是因為情報和外事方面的工作在總參內部是由同一名副總參謀長來分管。

二部還有以下幾個部門：

檔案局　收藏海外的公開出版物。它的一個下屬單位就是軍事誼文出版社，該公司負責翻譯和重新出版其他國傢的軍事雜志。

機要局 負責處理、傳達和收藏機密文件，也負責為文件制定密級。

綜合局　為工作人員提供後勤服務，如交通、辦公設備、娛樂中心和飲食。

警衛局　負責中央軍委委員和各總部領導的人身安全。在二部各機構的安全工作中它還享有司法權。

另外，總參二部研究機構的對外公開名稱是“國際戰略研究學會”，也就是過去的北京國際研究學會。所以凡是戰略研究協會的專傢學者，都是總參二部的軍官。比如說在陳水扁上臺以後，臺海局勢緊張期間，經常發表針對臺灣講話的一位年輕的學者辛旗，這就是總參二部的一個秀才。總參二部的情報水平比國傢安全部高很多，因為它從紅軍時代一直延續到現在，因而，有中國的CIA(美國中央情報局)之稱。

總參二部的情報人員基本上有三種人：密工、商幹、掛靠。第一種人是總參二部的專職軍情人員，是在編制內的，這種人在圈子裡被叫做“密工”，受過專業培訓。而國安部和公安部的這類人則都叫“密幹”，也是在公安或者國安內部編制裡的。第二種人是半在編的，在圈子裡被稱為“商幹”，說他們是’半在編”，就是因為這些人的名字上瞭情報部的電腦，但是人員並沒有進入軍情系統的行政編制。比如一個叫張鵬的，在廣東出事瞭。不管是打人瞭，搶劫瞭，還是開地下妓院瞭，隻要沒有死人，公安來抓張鵬的時候，張鵬就可以說：你不能動我，我是搞情報的，某某的人。另外，如果張鵬出境時，超過中華人民共和國外匯管理局關於中國公民到香港時隻能帶六千港幣的規定，隨身帶瞭六十萬港幣而被海關抓住的話，張鵬又會告訴海關的人，你不能動我，我是情報口的，是某某的人。這時海關就可能會打個電話到有關部門去問。而因為張鵬的名字是上瞭情報口電腦的，那邊一查就說：張鵬是我們的人。這樣確認瞭之後，海關這時就隻能放人、放錢。

其實在第二種人裡邊，又可以分兩類：一類是比較接近於“密工”的，是既上瞭軍情電腦名單，也正式發瞭軍裝的。並且，在名義上還有一份工資，軍委是認賬的。如果這個人確實是因為搞情報工作犧牲瞭，那麼這筆錢會交給這個人的傢屬。可能平時這份工資並沒領，但是國傢會替這個人存著。另一類人其實並不做情報，也可以說這類人進軍情部門純粹是為瞭平時能夠靠二部的關系作買賣賺很多錢。因為，誰都知道，中國軍情部門有所謂的免檢章，有貨物進口免檢的絕對特權。第三種人被稱為“掛靠”，社會上這種人最多。而這些人當中的絕大部分人是掛靠於軍情在地方上對外的一些辦公室下邊的。比如說：廣州軍區情報部在地方上的身份是“廣東省人民政府第五辦公室”，負責人分主任和政委。原來五辦的政委叫傅軍，級別相當於廣州軍區情報部的副部長，他原來是廣州軍區人事處的處長。

總參三部

總參三部，又稱“監聽部”，主要負責偵聽、處理和轉送國外電臺的通信傳播信號。也就是通過設在各邊境和沿海地區的無數“監聽站”進行電子情報的截收工作。情報人員以前全天24小時監聽監看外國電視，現在又增加瞭對互聯網的監視。這有點類似於美國的國傢安全局(NSA)。三部的“網絡控制中心”位於北京市海淀區。總參三部目前估計有十幾萬人員負責監聽所有國際長途電話。所有的國際長途電話在錄音設備上預先輸入一些關鍵詞匯，例如一些中國領導人的名字、一些敏感的事件名稱、以及一些隱諱的詞語，當錄音機感應到這些詞匯時，就會自動跳起來，這時監聽人員就會立即對這個電話進行跟蹤監聽檢查，而且三部也同時截收海外的傳真。

三部在海外擁有眾多的監聽站，1992年緬甸政府同意中國在安達曼海的島嶼上設立偵聽站，以監視印度洋。1994年老撾政府同意中國在老撾南方占巴塞省(Champasak)設立三個偵聽站,其中一個在Khong。1999年中國在古巴位於盧爾德(Lourdes)的一個偵聽站項目上展開合作，該站最初是由蘇聯援助建立。

三部也負責對國內軍網通信的偵聽工作，各大軍區之間任何有線和無線的通信聯系都無法避過這張偵聽網的耳朵，這有助於對戰備安全的抽查。

與總參二部類似，總參三部在七大軍區也有下設機構，各大軍區防區內負責情報收集和處理的骨幹偵聽站是由各大軍區司令部三局來運作，直接歸口總參三部管理。各大軍區的司令和參謀無權幹預在其防區內展開工作的三部機構。其同所駐紮的省軍區及大軍區之間沒有任何隸屬關系。這些偵聽站在人員、編制、預算、組建方面，完全由總參三部負責。各大軍區的偵聽站有不同的功能和目標區域，例如：蘭州軍區的三局負責偵聽俄羅斯方面的信號通信，並肩負著對俄方導彈攻擊進行早期預警的重要使命。這個部門應該隸屬於三部八局，其”負責截聽前蘇聯地區的電子通信信號”，中亞地區各共和國也是該局的目標范圍，其偵聽對象是中俄邊界地區。三部十二局主要負責”識別和跟蹤外國衛星–即美國軍用衛星”。十二局的一處設施位於西昌。

三部部長為吳國華少將，政治委員：王永生少將.

總參四部

總參四部為“電子雷達對抗部”，組建於1990年，主要負責電子戰，包括電子情報、電子對抗、雷達管制等。總參四部部長為曾占平少將。近年來，解放軍在戰術技偵和電子戰方面得到瞭加強。在總參四部組建之前，電子戰是二部的一項職責。除瞭執行解放軍電子戰理論政策所規定的內容之外，四部也向戰略目標提供電子防禦，例如位於北京西山的軍事指揮控制中心的C4I系統。在向國傢重要目標提供電子保護措施的同時，總參四部也掌管全軍下至師級單位所屬的電子戰分隊。同時也管理和領導海空軍部隊的信號情報和電子戰的運作，如機載情報收集系統、海軍艦載設施。

四部裡還設有一些局，分別對陸海空三軍部隊在業務上提供指導，對直屬該部的電子對抗部隊和雷達兵部隊進行垂直領導，或負責一些對口研究所的工作。主要包括西南電子研究所(即成都第29研究所)，負責雷達幹擾發射臺的研發。總參第54研究所，該所專門”為電子對抗與雷達兵部研制分析雷達脈沖參數的數字電子情報信號處理器。” 合肥第36研究所，負責研發通信幹擾發射臺。此外，總參四部還有自己的軍事院校，其中包括安徽合肥解放軍電子工程學院。

除瞭管理解放軍的軍事通信系統之外，總參通信部也在全中國的通信基礎設施現代化建設方面扮演瞭領頭作用。主要包括以下一些項目：

◎軍用電話網(非密)

◎保密電話網

◎全軍數據通信網絡(可能就是上述的”全軍公共數據交換網絡”)

◎野戰通信系統，它”整合瞭聲、光、電信號，利用空中、地下、潛艇數據鏈。”(就像戰術/作戰網絡系統，整合瞭光纖通信和衛星通信。)

另一個關於解放軍通信系統的項目包括：

◎地下光纖網絡

◎通信衛星

◎微波通信

◎短波廣播站

◎自動指揮和控制網絡

總參通信部設有很多建制內的單位和人員從事著固定通信設施(例如高頻通信、微波通信、衛星通信、電話交換系統、對流層散射通信)以及移動戰略通信設備。總參四部下設大量建制內的維護和後勤部隊，以對相關設備進行修理、供給、維護、測試、校準，並執行總務方面的職能。總之，總參通信部肩負的主要軍事使命是：規劃和實現解放軍作戰指揮及行政管理通信網絡的現代化。目前總參通信部正負責建設一個長途通信網絡，以滿足打一場”高技術條件下局部戰爭”的需要。在這點上，通信部正著力於實現軍事通信的”六大轉變”。這些轉變包括：

1.從模擬通信向數字通信的轉變

2.從電纜向光纜的轉變

3.從單用途終端向多用途終端轉變

4.從機電交換系統向自動交換系統的轉變

5.從單任務網絡向多任務網絡的轉變

6.從人工系統管理向自動以及智能系統管理的轉變

總參警衛局

總參警衛局是解放軍編制，也就是中央辦公廳警衛局，負責指揮中央警衛團，俗稱8341部隊。

總參警衛局是正軍級編制，下設8個正師級單位，負責人是上將軍銜，與總參謀長平級。局長兼任中央辦公廳第一副主任(正部級) ，副局長包括常務副局長均為少將。負責具體指揮協調各位國傢領導人的安全。

總參警衛局主要負責保衛黨中央領導機關(政治局常委)和軍委領導的安全。此外還包括國傢副主席、人大副委員長、政協副主席、中紀委副書記、高檢院長、高法院長及其以上領導人。國傢領導人幾乎都生活在中南海和中南海附近,總參警衛局無疑是位高權重。一個警衛團的團長，授予上將軍銜，說明中央的對這個部隊的重視，舉個例子，如果現在中南海出瞭什麼事，是中央警衛團來的快，還是駐紮在北京郊區的第38集團軍來的快。因此1976年，黨中央粉碎四人幫，就是由中央警衛團(8341部隊)完成的。中央警衛團負責中央領導的保安工作，這是一個很重要的也很政治敏感的職位，擔任此職者必是中央領導最信任的人。

在我軍諸多部隊番號中，8341可以說是最出名的。它是1953年以中央警衛師一團為基礎組建起來的，當年6月9日在中南海正式成立。8341部隊初建時隻有1000多人，主要任務是保衛五大領袖–毛澤東、劉少奇、朱德、周恩來、陳雲。歸公安部第九局領導。當時的公安部部長是羅瑞卿，九局局長是汪東興，副局長是張耀祠。”文革”期間8341部隊改由中央辦公廳領導，汪東興具體負責領導、指揮。編制不斷擴大達8000多人，轄7個大隊、36個中隊。部隊人數已相當於一個師的兵力。”913″事件後，針對林彪一夥企圖用飛機轟炸中南海、釣魚臺的陰謀活動，又成立瞭第八大隊，即機炮大隊，佈置在中南海周圍以確保其上空的安全，但時間不長就撤銷瞭。8341初建時警衛單位或目標較為集中，主要有玉泉山;新六所、中南海等地，後來擴大到北戴河、天安門、人民大會堂、釣魚臺等。”文革”期間由於種種原因警衛范圍更是大大地增加瞭，又多瞭昌平農場、北京植物園、花園村、東官房等地。

總參警衛局下轄部門主要有：辦公廳、政治部、政策研究部、行動部(指揮協調中心)、情報部、技術部、通信部、訓練部(幹部訓練大隊)、生活保障部、建設審查部、聯絡部、幹部隊(衛士大隊)、機關服務中心一大隊(中南海)二大隊(人民大會堂)三大隊(新六所)四大隊(玉泉山)五大隊(北戴河)六大隊(特種作戰大隊)七大隊(幹部大隊)八大隊是(工程維護大隊)。

領導警衛標準分為：政治局常委為一級警衛。

政治局委員、候補委員、中央書記處書記、全國人大副委員長、國務委員為二級警衛(中國國民黨連戰主席至大陸訪問采用二級加強警衛)。全國政協副主席、最高人民法院院長、最高人民檢察院檢察長為三級警衛，以上領導如果退休之後，仍按原警衛標準警衛。省、自治區、直轄市的黨政主要領導人員也是警衛目標，各地、市、州的書記可以視情況決定警衛級別，通常是三級警衛等。

8341部隊的警衛工作組織相當嚴密，部隊主要領導都有分工，毛澤東的警衛工作由汪東興、張耀祠具體負責，警衛大隊是一大隊，中南海甲區的警衛部隊是一大隊的一中隊;林彪的警衛工作由副團長張宏負責，警衛大隊是二大隊，警衛中隊是二大隊的一中隊;周恩來因住在中南海，警衛大隊也是一大隊，警衛中隊是一大隊的三中隊，由楊德中負責。其他政治局常委也都有具體警衛大隊和中隊及負責人。當時一大隊負責中南海及周圍地區，二大隊負責毛傢灣及周圍地區，四大隊負責玉泉山及周圍的警衛，七大隊負責北戴河中央首長療養地及周圍地區，五大隊負責釣魚臺及周圍地區，其他幾個大隊是機動大隊。此外，每個警衛區又具體分為外圍和內圍，內圍又分甲、乙、丙區。甲區的人可以自由出入乙、丙區，但乙、丙區的人不能隨便出入甲區。上世紀70年代到過北京的人都知道或看到人民大會堂周圍拉著線繩，有警衛站崗，行人是不能進入警衛區的。中南海的紅墻外也有固定哨和遊動哨，當然還有便衣哨。中南海、人民大會堂除門口有哨兵外，門裡還有警衛區，外人、生人是根本就進不去的。在毛澤東、周恩來等人的住地周圍及生活區還有多道門衛，無關人員，包括8341部隊的一些領導幹部不經批準和同意也根本不允許出入，這是嚴格規定的。8341的幹部戰士因工作需要出入中南海，哨兵認識的可以放行，不認識的要和所在連隊進行聯系，確保無誤的情況下才能放行。

不過，8341這個番號在有段時間來回變動過。在1975年，那時全軍部隊的番號都由4位數上升為5位數，但中央警衛團仍然是4位數，後來番號對外由8341改為57001，對內仍然不變，但不久部隊又接到通知，把57001改回叫8341，直到1976年毛主席逝世後不久，8341才又改為57003，2000年10月改為61889部隊。

總參警衛局領導人

局長:曹清中將

副局:

李洪福少將

顏　敏少將

馬金虎少將 負責全國人大常委會委員長吳邦國警衛

趙留江少將

孫元功少將

薑廣清少將

周冬生少將

葉貴新少將

軍委領導人

中央軍委領導

主席：習近平

副主席：范長龍 許其亮

委員：常萬全 房峰輝 張陽 趙克石 張又俠 吳勝利 馬曉天 魏鳳和

歷任總參謀長

周恩來 兼總參謀長

徐向前 元帥

聶榮臻 元帥

粟裕 大將

黃克誠 大將

羅瑞卿 大將

楊成武 上將

黃永勝 上將

鄧小平 兼總參謀長

楊得志 上將

遲浩田 上將

張萬年 上將

傅全有 上將

梁光烈 上將

陳炳德 上將

房峰輝 上將

隸屬於總參的軍校

南京陸軍指揮學院

石傢莊陸軍指揮學院

信息工程學院(河南鄭州)

炮兵指揮學院(河北宣化)

沈陽炮兵學院

鎮江船艇學院

工程指揮學院(江蘇徐州)

通訊指揮學院(湖北武漢)

重慶通信學院

電子工程學院(安徽合肥)

國際關系學院(江蘇南京}

陸軍導彈學院(河北廊坊)

南京理工大學

安徽炮兵學院

蚌埠坦克學院

西安通信學院

洛陽外國語學院

張傢口通信學院

鄭州防空兵學院

體育(通信)學院(廣州)

防化指揮工程學院(河北昌平)

北京陸軍航空兵學院

國防大學和國防科技大學直接隸屬中央軍委，不向地方高考招生

 

Original Source: http://www.81.cn/jwgd/index.htm

 

China's Military Infratsructure, China's Military Organization - Intelligence

People’s Republic of China’s little known “Central Investigation Department” 鲜为人知的“中央调查部”

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People’s Republic of China’s little known “Central Investigation Department”  鲜为人知的“中央调查部”

Within the People’s Republic of China is the little known “Central Investigation Unit”, this cadre generates strategic intelligence for economic, military and Communist Party leadership strategic decision-making.

The following article comes from the Communist Party of China News website and the Chinese Military portion of Sohu.com.

八一解放軍

Original Modern English (loose translation):

Recently we saw a material, referred to the Party after the founding of new China an institution called the “Central Investigation Department,” but not too clear on the presentation. Asked colleagues around, it was said “in tune unit” is the former “central social unit”, it was considered by the restructuring from. So, it really is what kind of organization? What are its main functions? When it is established? Could the experts answer?

Daxing District, Zhang Xinyu Readers

Speaking of the central social unit, people still know the big end, and for the Central Investigation Department, is known to only a handful, and some even thought that the central social unit which consists of the establishment of Sino-Japanese War came directly reorganization. History, however, is not true.

First, the “Central Investigation Department” is not the “central social unit

Central Social Department in 1939 to set up the “Central special working committee”, management and leadership intelligence and security work, stating that “the CPC Central Intelligence Department,” outside “the CPC Central Committee Working Committee enemy territory”, but in the preparation of new China namely revocation of the occasion. However, the Central Social Work Department revoked, defending section included in the Ministry of Public Security (normalized before the government established the Central Military Commission formed), is set to change the intelligence part of the Liaison Department of the Central Military Commission, former Secretary-General of the Central Social Department 邹大鹏 minister, and former Central Minister of Social Affairs, when he was minister in charge of the Central Military Commission General Intelligence Department of LI.

October 1949, the third meeting of the Central People’s Government Committee adopted 邹大鹏 Director of Intelligence, to August 1952, due to intelligence agencies Administration revoked the Seventeenth Meeting of the Central People’s Government Committee approved the Department dismissed 邹大鹏length and level of the Deputy Director of 王少春. These show that the intelligence agencies after the founding of New China in the Ministry of Personnel and the Central Social closely linked, and in the affiliation by the CPC Central Committee and State Council on site were transferred to the Central Military Commission. However, the State Council’s Information Department only existed for three years, after intelligence work has focused on the Central Military Commission.

Central Investigation Department at the Central Social Department is not being withdrawn directly established on its basis, but in the Central Military Liaison Department of the Army transferred from within the party sometimes formed together. According to the 2001 book “Yang Shangkun diary” recorded February 23, 1955, when he was Deputy Minister Liaison Department of Lo long, green and Secretary-General Ma times wait until Mao Cheng Yang Shangkun place on “liaison department of ‘fate’ problem ‘ . February 28, Yang Shangkun about when he was Deputy Chief of Staff of the PLA LI “On the section on the political situation where the problem.” LI advice is: “entirely on the good organization within the party, you can set up one.” About the name and personnel issues of this section, Yang Shangkun contained in the diary: “name for ‘investigation unit’, Comrade Enlai Interested by the gram farming and Minister for unified management. “Subsequently, Yang Shangkun reported the matter to the Zhou Enlai. March 4, Yang Shangkun to Zhou Enlai at the “political situation the organization’s decision to participate in the” discussion, “decided to separate the military from the Central Military Commission, the party set up a ‘research department’, by the gram farming and Minister Zhou reported by the Secretariat decision. “That night, Secretariat meeting held in the office of Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai decided to agree on the establishment of the Ministry of the opinion survey, reported Chairman Mao Zedong decided. April 8, Yang Shangkun recorded in his diary: “The central and the President has approved the establishment of the Central Investigation Department of the LI was appointed by the minister, please contact the Department of the Central Military Commission of existing transfer system into the CPC Central Committee..” And contains: “to be in After the formal transfer of 1 July. ”

Second, the “Central Investigation Department” is to adapt to the actual needs of the construction and the establishment of new China, is an exploration and development on the organizational structure of the military.

Central Investigation Department to “investigation” is named, is the nature of intelligence work by the party under the leadership of the decision, but also with the CPC Central Committee issued the “Decision on investigation and study” on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the founding, in order to strengthen research, realize intelligence work from the collection of alert and defend the military strategic intelligence gathering intelligence to turn the inseparable. At that time, the central authorities set up the Central Investigation Bureau of Investigation, under a Ministry of Information, etc., whose function is to collect political, military, economic, cultural and social class relations and other aspects of domestic and foreign materials, to research, that the central work Direct assistant. Central Investigation Department inherited this work is the “investigation” of history and tradition and the basic spirit and adapt to the actual needs of the construction of the new China and in the organizational structure of an exploration and development.

On the working mechanism of the Central Investigation Department, Yang Shangkun in his diary records, daily work by his contact with the LI, big things consult Deng Xiaoping resolved. LI is the first Secretary of the Central Investigation Department was established. Incumbent Minister of tone in the hole after LI. During the “Cultural Revolution”, the ministry also failed from the impact. June 13, 1969, the Central People’s Liberation Army General Staff Department of the decision by the Second Investigation Department took over, gradually returning to normal until after 1971. To 1983, in view of the Central Investigation Department of historical issues in the “Cultural Revolution”, as well as adapt to the new situation of reform and opening up of intelligence work, the central government decided to revoke the unit formed, and its main body, with the Ministry of Public Security’s counterintelligence department and other parts of the relevant units merged to form the Ministry of National Security.

Third, the “Central Investigation Department” on the front to provide decision-making information secret for the party and the country has become an important work of the CPC Central Committee and his assistant staff

Central Investigation Department of the existence of nearly 30 years, as the organizers and perpetrators of the specific period since the new Chinese intelligence work, through painstaking research, on major issues related to the party and national security interests, and often at a critical moment provide decision-making information for the party and the country has become an important work of the CPC Central Committee staff and assistants.

First, the anti-peaceful evolution, the Central Investigation Department has played an important think-tank role. After the founding of New China, the anti-peaceful evolution related to the new Chinese regime and consolidate the party’s ruling position, on this issue, Mao Zedong attached great importance to study the political situation in the United States, the Central Investigation Department has played an important think-tank role. In autumn 1958, the US Congress elections, the ruling Republican Party defeated Democrats. On the US domestic political situation after the elections, the Central Investigation Department to write a report, noting that in the case of a severe economic crisis, the United States within the ruling class and national conflicts intensified, people from all walks widespread fear of war, internal political atmosphere bright side development. November 27, Mao Zedong when reviewing this report, will be subject to “political climate in the United States for the better development”, and instructed to say: The Central Investigation Department of the analysis is very interesting, at the same time he was appointed charge d’affaires in the British Embassy official township British diplomatic situation and analyze the situation in Western Europe is similar is a good article. He added: “In short, the Western world for the better day by day in terms of change, direct and indirect allies allies in the development of the proletariat.” Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Mao’s comments on the issuance and the Central Investigation Department The analysis report.

Second, in the development and expansion of patriotic united front staff played a role. The mid-1960s, the Central Investigation Department involved in the fight on behalf of the former Kuomintang government of President Li Tsung-jen Nanjing returning to work, and staff play an important role. July 9, 1965, the Central Investigation Department in writing to return to the central reporting jen comments on issues raised could be considered two options: First, do not need to enter the country on a statement to be issued a statement after returning to discuss; two I agree to enter the country on a written statement at the airport and met with reporters, but the statement is issued in advance with domestic suppliers properly. July 12, Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai instructed: “like a second program for the better, the manuscript beforehand good providers, there is no harm.” July 20, Mrs. Li Tsung-jen kai Guode Jie arrived in Beijing, Zhou Enlai, Peng Zhen at the airport welcome, which bore the original, Zou Dapeng, like Feng hyun, head of tune also meet personnel of the column.

In short, the Central Investigation Department in secret front for the new construction and development of China made a historic contribution to the party and the country’s intelligence has accumulated rich historical experience.

Original Mandarin Chinese:

编辑同志：

近日看到一则材料，提到新中国成立后党的一个机构叫“中央调查部”，但对之介绍不甚了了。问及周围的同事，有人说“中调部”就是以前的“中央社会部”，也有人认为是由其改组而来。那么，它究竟是一个什么样的机构？其主要功能是什么？它是什么时候组建的？能否请专家解答一下？

大兴区读者 张新宇

说起中央社会部，人们还是知其大端的，而对于中央调查部，则知者寥寥，有的甚或以为它由抗日战争时期成立的中央社会部直接改组而来。然而，历史事实并非如此。

一、“中央调查部”并非“中央社会部

中央社会部于1939年由“中央特别工作委员会”改设，管理和领导情报与保卫工作，内称“中共中央情报部”，外称“中共中央敌区工作委员会”，但在筹建新中国之际即被撤销。但是，中央社会工作部撤销后，保卫部分归入了公安部（在政府建立之前归军委建制），情报部分改设为中央军委联络部，原中央社会部秘书长邹大鹏任部长，并由原中央社会部部长、时任中央军委总情报部部长李克农主管。

1949年10月，中央人民政府委员会第三次会议通过邹大鹏为情报总署署长，至1952年8月，因情报总署机构撤销，中央人民政府委员会第十七次会议批准免去邹大鹏的署长和王少春的副署长之职。这些表明，新中国成立后的情报机构在人事上与中央社会部有着密切的联系，而在隶属关系上则由党中央内设分别转至中央军委与政务院。但是，政务院的情报总署只存在了三年之久，之后情报工作主要集中在了中央军委。

中央调查部并不是在中央社会部被撤销后在其基础上直接成立的，而是在中央军委联络部由军内转入党内时而组建起来的。根据2001年出版的《杨尚昆日记》记载，1955年2月23日，时任联络部副部长的罗青长、马次青和秘书长毛诚等到杨尚昆处谈“联络部的‘归宿’问题”。2月28日，杨尚昆约时任中国人民解放军副总参谋长的李克农“谈政情部放在哪里的问题”。李克农的意见是：“以完全放在党的组织内为好，可成立一部。”关于这个部的名称和人事问题，杨尚昆在日记中载：“名称可为‘调查研究部’，恩来同志有意由克农兼部长，以便统一管理。”随后，杨尚昆将此事呈报给了周恩来。3月4日，杨尚昆到周恩来处“参加对于政情组织的决定”，经讨论，“决定把军情由军委分开，在党内成立一‘调查部’，由克农兼部长，由周呈报书记处决定。”当晚，书记处会议在刘少奇办公室召开，决定同意周恩来关于成立调查部的意见，报毛泽东主席决定。4月8日，杨尚昆在日记中记载：“中央和主席已批准成立中央调查部。由李克农同志任部长，请现有的军委联络部转移到党中央系统内来。”并载：“拟在7月1日之后正式转移。”

二、“中央调查部”是为适应新中国建设的实际需要而设立的，是在组织体制上的一种探索与发展

二、“中央调查部”是为适应新中国建设的实际需要而设立的，是在组织体制上的一种探索与发展

中央调查部以“调查”命名，是由党领导下的情报工作的性质所决定的，也是与中共中央在建党20周年之际发出《关于调查研究的决定》，以加强调查研究，实现情报工作由搜集警报性和保卫性的情报向搜集军政战略性情报的转折所分不开的。当时，中央设置的调查研究机关即中央调查研究局，下设有情报部等，其职能是收集国内外政治、军事、经济、文化及社会阶级关系等各方面材料，加以研究，以为中央工作的直接助手。中央调查部正是继承了这一工作“调查研究”的历史传统与基本精神，并适应新中国建设的实际需要而在组织体制上的一种探索与发展。

关于中央调查部的工作机制，杨尚昆在日记中记载，日常工作由他与李克农联系，大的事情请示邓小平解决。李克农是中央调查部成立后的第一任部长。李克农之后，孔原任中调部部长。“文化大革命”期间，该部也未能免于冲击。1969年6月13日，中央决定由中国人民解放军总参谋部二部接管调查部，至1971年后逐渐恢复正常。至1983年，鉴于中央调查部在“文革”中的历史遗留问题，同时为适应改革开放以来情报工作的新形势，中央决定撤销该部建制，并以其为主体，同公安部的反间谍部门及其他部分相关单位合并，组成了国家安全部。

三、“中央调查部”在隐秘战线上为党和国家提供决策情报，成为党中央工作的重要参谋与助手

中央调查部存续近30年，作为新中国一个时期以来情报工作的具体组织者和实施者，它通过艰苦细致的调查研究，在事关党和国家安全利益等重大问题上，而且往往在关键时刻，为党和国家提供决策情报，成为党中央工作的重要参谋与助手。

其一，在反和平演变上，中央调查部起到了重要智囊作用。新中国成立后，反和平演变关系到新中国的政权和党的执政地位的巩固，在这一问题上，毛泽东十分重视研究美国的政治局势，中央调查部起到了重要智囊作用。1958年秋，美国国会举行选举，执政的共和党败于民主党。就这次选举后的美国国内的政治局势，中央调查部写了一个报告，指出在严重的经济危机情况下，美国统治集团内部和国内的阶级矛盾加剧，各阶层人民普遍恐惧战争，国内政治气氛在往好的方面发展。11月27日，毛泽东在审阅此报告时，将题目改为《美国政治气氛向好的方面发展》，并批示说：中央调查部这个分析，很有意思，同时任中国驻英国大使馆代办宦乡对英国外交形势与西欧形势的分析相似，都是好文章。他还说：“总之，西方世界一天一天地在向好的方面变，无产阶级的直接同盟军和间接同盟军都在发展。”中共八届六中全会上印发了毛泽东的批语和中央调查部的分析报告。

其二，在发展壮大爱国主义统一战线上起到了参谋作用。20世纪60年代中叶，中央调查部参与了争取原国民党南京政府代总统李宗仁回国的工作，并发挥了重要的参谋作用。1965年7月9日，中央调查部以书面形式向中央报告李宗仁回国有关问题的意见，提出两个可以考虑的方案：一是不必一进国门就发表声明，待回国商量后再发表声明；二是同意一进国门就在机场发表书面声明并接见记者，但声明稿应事先同国内商妥。7月12日，毛泽东批示周恩来总理：“似以第二方案为较好，稿子事前商好，并无坏处。”7月20日，李宗仁偕夫人郭德洁抵达北京，周恩来、彭真等到机场欢迎，其中孔原、邹大鹏、冯铉等中调部负责人也在迎接人员之列。

总之，中央调查部在隐秘战线为新中国的建设和发展作出了历史性贡献，为党和国家的情报工作积累了丰富历史经验。

 

Source: 战略决策情报支撑

China's Military Infratsructure

China’s Military Industry – 12 stocks worth reviewing

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China’s Military Industry – 12 stocks worth reviewing

Category: Research institutions: Thailand Securities Co. Researcher: Benedict Hui, Guo Hao Date: 2015-10-08

China Nuclear Power Vision: The reason why the future of nuclear power is good, because it is not subject to the constraints of traditional domestic economic cycle, while executive power is coming to strongly promote things. To achieve the 2030 non-fossil energy sources accounted for 20% of target, nuclear power installed capacity will require 150 million to 200 million kilowatts, the next 15 years to build each year 10-15 million-kilowatt nuclear power generating units. This building is a great strength, because the Qinshan nuclear power plant since 1991 and has total domestic power generation nuclear power generating units put into operation, but 26 units. Conservative estimates now and the end of 2020 intends to start building nuclear power plants to 30 units, averaging approximately six, in addition if inland nuclear icebreaker (possibility of a large), the more the number of starts;

Technological catch-up, the efficiency of repression, the share of overseas expansion: Whether it is 1995 textile exports, the export of electromechanical products in 2005, or the export of nuclear power in 2015, are in fact Chinese technical standards in the cost efficiencies brought about essentially Global market share expansion. Although there is not much difference in the economic essence, but technically is leaps and bounds. China Manufacturing 2005 is the end of the world to catch up with the trend of the manufacturing sector, 2025 is made in China to catch up with high-end manufacturing. World Nuclear Association estimates that 2015–2030 years overseas in around 160 new nuclear power plants, investment $ 1.5 trillion, a huge market space. One of Hualong situation from signing, the Chinese technology to countries in Asia obviously attractive future with the promotion and CAP1400 Hualong One independent technology matures, China’s nuclear power in the global market share is expected to be further improved;

Nuclear main pump housing – casting industry the highest technical: should flow in 2014 namely, the production of China’s first nuclear CAP1400 blasting a stainless steel valve body, and then again to complete the CAP1400 nuclear localization of the main pump housing. Pump housing is one of the core components of the main pump and the nuclear island, manufacturing is extremely difficult, represents the highest technology in the world casting production. Prior to the domestic nuclear power plant main pump casing has been monopolized by overseas foundry, should flow to achieve import substitution has entered the post-production stage, becoming the third generation nuclear power main pump unit housing the only domestic suppliers;

Spent fuel and neutron absorbing material huge market: China’s nuclear power development has led to a top-heavy nuclear spent fuel reprocessing nuclear power plant construction than the broader market, we estimated 2015 domestic capacity of spent fuel unloaded 625 tons by 2020 could increase to 1450 tons. Much larger global market, in 2015 the world spent fuel discharged amount estimating at 9,442 tons, 15 times the Chinese market. Neutron absorbing material mainly used in the field of spent fuel storage, fuel storage pool grids and storage containers are required to set a neutron absorbing material, it is expected from 2016 onwards neutron absorbing material domestic demand will be explosive growth. Physics Institute should flow together engineering industrial projects expected to be completed in the next year, when the spent fuel storage container with the localization of products will be quickly occupied the domestic market. With the cost advantage of domestic equipment at the same time, the product is expected to enter the domestic market, 15 times the global market blue ocean;

Traditional product cycle end, new business space large: Yingliu traditional business earnings affected by fluctuations in oil prices, the number of US shale gas drilling rig at the bottom of the sharp drop in oil prices imply coming period, already greater than the risk of future opportunities. The new nuclear main pump housing business, neutron absorbing material, aviation engine / gas turbine blades and other projects to benefit from the expansion of the market at the same time, import substitution will occupy the domestic market share, and have the potential to open overseas markets, the growth of broad space. Companies on the performance of new products, good elasticity, fundamentals about to enter the fast climbing period;

Predict trends and investment advice: the future in favor of the company’s stock price positive factors include 1) the nuclear power industry in the fourth quarter a number of catalysts, including nuclear thirteen Five-Year Plan, dense nuclear power projects approved and started ice-breaking progress inland nuclear power, nuclear power and other exports continue to break ; 2) after the market attention on the subject of spent fuel is low, and the enormous market potential of spent fuel will eventually lead to financial concerns, then the valuation premium is expected to expand; 3) If the future of A shares switched from the outflow of funds to the stock of game, then about to break out of the nuclear power industry funds will become the focus of concern, nuclear power is expected to become the subject of high-quality construction market in the stock of game highlights. We believe that in the short term is still a good time to layout positions, taking into account the short-term A-share funds overall environmental stability to be confirmed, temporarily still maintain the company “overweight” rating, to be confirmed after the release of large environmental risks for further increase.

Integrated into electronic : strong growth in the main business transformation and distribution, energy internet layout Weiweitaiguan

Category: Research institutions: Ping An Securities Co., Ltd. Researcher: Yu Bing Date: 2015-09-21

Performance solid growth, expense control flat: During the reporting period, the company achieved revenues of 407 million yuan, an increase of 33.14%; attributable to shareholders of listed companies net profit 020 million yuan, an increase of 15.31%; fee rate of 32.8 percent during the company, unchanged compared with last year, of which financial expense ratio increased 0.98 percentage points, mainly due to higher interest expenses of bank loans.

Transformation and distribution have been strong primary industry, utilities continue to develop: During the reporting period, the State Grid Corporation of bidding and batch number has declined, tender situation continued centralization, the company seize the national network set to recruit foreign market opportunities and industry the new contract amount of 518 million yuan. 1H15 company substations / distribution of electricity business to achieve revenue 1.38 / 163 million yuan, respectively, an increase of 47.0% / 69.5%, gross profit margin of 40.42% / 36.91%, an increase of 5.89 / -1.98 percentage points. Under the overall investment in the grid field in the first half stage presentation sluggish situation, the company is still the main industry transformation and distribution to achieve rapid growth, market share continued to increase. Public utilities, the company successfully develop Wuhan, Chongqing and other urban water market, market holdings intelligent remote meter break 3 million, the market share ranking first; smart gas solution has been to provide one-stop service for gas customers.

Energy Internet more arrows shot, Zhanyi military field: the report period, the Company together with China Mobile, Lenovo Group to build together the wisdom of energy on public service cloud platform line, becoming the first regional (Shandong Province) Smart Energy Public Service Cloud platform, the platform now has access to cover gas, water, energy and other industrial sectors over 26,000 points of data; collaboration with Intel, Shandong Union City, expanding energy Internet, smart city integrated service operational areas; invest 4,116 million acquisition of Fujian Austria 70% of the shares through a step wins, wins Austrian Mai commitment of 15 to 17 years is not less than the net profit after deduction of non-respectively 0.1 / 0.13 / 017 million yuan, to further improve the urban distribution network operations; have set up the plot into energy, integrated into software company, involved in the establishment of one billion yuan of new energy industry guide funds, short-term and Guangxi Guidong Electric Power DSM micro-grid applications in cooperation, but also because of the change in the situation should be changed under the new situation electricity. Military field, the company set up military cooperation with Beijing long buyout funds; invest 30 million yuan to acquire a 30% stake in Rio Ningbo resources, in order to enter the ultrafine metal powder-based material 3D printing market.

Profit forecasts and ratings: the company expects EPS of 15 to 16 years 0.52,0.78 yuan, corresponding to August 28 closing price of PE were 33.9,22.6 times, we are optimistic about the company’s first-mover advantage and military fields in the energy field of the Internet to expand outreach , to maintain “recommended” rating.

Risk Warning: electricity reform program is lower than expected risk; military business development slow.

Weihai Guangtai : fourth-quarter results would speed; military / civilian UAV leading professional benefit civil-military integration, general aviation

Category: Research institutions: China Galaxy Securities Co., Ltd. Researcher: Wang Huajun Date: 2015-10-19

1. Event.

The company issued three quarterly, the first three quarters of 2015 to achieve revenue 908 million yuan, an increase of 29.52%, net profit of 98.8057 million yuan, an increase of 33.92%, EPS of 0.30 yuan.

2. Our analysis and judgment.

(A) Increasing profitability, performance will be further accelerated.

Soon the company mid-year report the first three quarters, an increase of 20% -50%, and the actual results in line with our expectations. Enhance the company’s gross margin and net margin were up 1.1pct, 0.9pct, profitability continued to rise.

Since Yingkou new Eagle and sheet effects, the company’s third quarter alone, revenue and performance year respectively 73% and 60% longer. Soon the company full-year results up 40% -80%, reaching 156 million -2 billion, calculated accordingly, the fourth quarter alone, results need to reach 56.76 million yuan -1.01 billion yuan, an increase of 52% -171%, performance will be further accelerated.

(B) The proposed acquisition of the whole of China era, is expected to create “UAV first unit.”

The company previously announced intends to raise not more than 540 million yuan for the acquisition, the increase of the whole era and put UAVs China (1.5 billion) and to supplement working capital, capital increase is completed the company will have a 69.34% stake in the whole of China era.

China Times is the first full-UAV R & D, production and sales and service integration of private enterprises, the main products include fixed wing, helicopter, multi-rotor and other military and civilian UAV and UAV applications, in # 1 of UAV technology invention patent applicant in the main office, after two universities nationwide.

Full Hua era in the field of application services mainly include police, fire, police, marine maritime, electricity, Tianjin TV and other sectors, has been invited as the only private enterprise involved in the PLA at the “Four Seas armed forces’ military exercises, and in August 2015 to participate in “8.12” Shaanxi Sanyo landslides survey relief efforts.

The acquisition agreement, if the whole of China era in actual net profit is higher than the commitment period, total net profit of 92.21 million yuan commitment, then over 50% of the net profit will be used to reward the whole China era, management and staff . Expected 2016 net profit is expected to reach full Hua era 1500-2000 yuan, 2015–2018 consecutive year performance is expected to double the growth.

The company November 28, 2014 with a unit signed a “series UAS development and cooperation agreement,” now have a strong business strength in military UAV. We believe that this acquisition will bring the whole China Times significant industrial chain, market and customer synergies, particularly in the era of all-China military UAV military part of the company’s existing business will bring promoted. After this offering, the company will enter the UAV industry, military business will rapidly development, the company is expected to become a military / civilian professional UAVs leading enterprises, leading to standard consumer UAVs “Dajiang Innovation” (according to media reported Dajiang Innovation’s market capitalization exceeded $ 8 billion).

(C) Military UAV / military integration scarce subject, the rapid development.

Companies series of unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs primarily for high-speed military supplier, the company is the subject of civil-military integration. UAV aircraft is the future trend, according to planning future fighter United States, Israel, the future will be more than manned aircraft drones. We estimate that over the next 15 years China military UAV market demand for nearly 200 billion yuan, the needs of the civilian professional UAVs over 100 billion yuan, civilian consumer UAVs (domestic demand) over 30 billion yuan.

Domestic listed companies involved in military UAV development business has Hongdu Aviation , Zongshen , Loncin General , Shandong Mining Machinery , Industries and other listed companies have begun to involve unmanned aircraft business, but clearly involves military UAV rarely. In addition, there is only the beginning of many listed companies involved in UAV, some companies just developed only 1-2 prototypes started testing. The company is very scarce military UAV subject, age and the proposed acquisition of the whole of China is the industrialization of the UAV giant, is the quality subject has a production capacity of UAVs.

The company has hired former Xi’an Aircraft International, the aircraft fly through, the aircraft heavy machine Mengxiang Kai, chairman of the independent directors, and Mengxiang Kai has a wealth of experience in the aerospace, military business. We judge the company UAVs, especially the rapid development of the future military UAV business.

(Iv) The inclusion in the defense industry sector MIC Association, is expected to continue over the military expected.

July 7, 2015, the China Association of listed companies to publish a list of the military committee of the Association of National Defence on the military sector, Weihai Guangtai selected. 2014 military company sales income reached 164 million yuan, representing a substantial increase of 88%. Meng Yan, general manager of the State Council special allowance granted in recent years undertaken 12 national projects, military projects 10, presided over the development of a number of products to fill the domestic and international blank. Military aspects of the company actively participate in the development of forward-looking volume, high-value new project, there are several projects have been recognized; some of the key research projects achieved initial results, at the same time to focus on opening up new markets and achieved good development . We determine the company’s future military development will exceed market expectations, bringing double the performance of the valuation increase.

3. Investment advice.

The company has military and civilian UAV + Fusion + GA + smart home, such as multiple themes, military business development will exceed market expectations, benefiting shipping industry development. We determine the company’s future in the military (not just military UAV), fire-fighting equipment in the field continue to overweight, through independent research and development, mergers and acquisitions and other measures to strengthen the company’s position and influence in the fire-fighting equipment, military field; Yingkou new Eagle results will exceed expectations.

Does not consider the non-public issuance matters, is expected to 15 – 17-year pro forma EPS of 0.63 / 0.82 / 1.06 yuan, PE is 49/38/29 times; consider this non-public offering of matter (according to 30 yuan issuance price estimates), is expected to 15 – 17-year pro forma EPS of 0.61 / 0.84 / 1.10 yuan, PE is 50/37/28 times, has raised the potential for future performance, the recommended duration.

Risk Warning: shipping policy than expected, military business development than expected, lower than expected industry consolidation.

Hite high : a certain type of engine project won the “National Defense Science and Technology Progress Award” award, the depth of integration of military and civilian benefit

Category: Research institutions: China Galaxy Securities Co., Ltd. Researcher: Wang Huajun Date: 2015-10-14

Investment Highlights

1. Event

Company announcement “a certain type of engine engineering” won Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China, “National Defense Science and Technology Progress Award” rating for the first prize winner.

2. Our analysis and judgment

(A) Eligible for the “National Defense Science and Technology Progress Award” award

National Defense Science and Technology Progress Award is to reward outstanding contributions in the promotion of scientific and technological progress in the defense units and individuals, to encourage independent innovation, promote the development of national defense modernization and the national economy.

The company’s award-winning project “a certain type of engine project,” the company is in the depth of integration of military and civilian weapons and their supporting product research, production, testing and related work in the scientific and technological achievements. The winning project is the company’s constant pursuit of technological innovation achievements, the company has reflected a high level of technological innovation capability.

(B) Aviation Development: Aircraft engine and control system, the business continued to force helicopter winch

The company has been a traditional aviation maintenance business aviation technical services to an integrated enterprise strategic shift since 2012 air power control system, and the development of the core business to take off, the performance of high growth into the fast lane. The company aeronautical military (mainly for helicopter-related) results accounted for about 60%. The company’s largest customer sales in 2014 amounted to 187 million yuan, mainly for us to judge the development of core military business, revenue accounting for close to 40%.

Aviation new technology development, and manufacturing business segment has formed mass production, a variety of new models in the research, as well as a plurality of pre-research project to comprehensively promote good situation. Certain air power control system is mass production; development work in other multi-model air power control system project is an orderly way; and can meet the needs of multi-use helicopter electric rescue hoist and oxygen systems development project is about to enter flight test phase.

Aviation power core control system as the core of military, technical content and high barriers. According to the company 2014 annual report, the current aviation new technology development, and manufacturing business has become an important business segment for the formation of both mass production, there are a variety of new models in the study, and there are more than a good pre-research project research and production situation.

Currently, the company has successfully developed the technical foundation for a model project on the engine power transfer, carried out on “a new air power control system development and manufacturing projects,” three new models (401,402,403) air power control system derived from research and development.

According to the company announcement, the power control system are the main components of aircraft engines, an essential part of belonging to the whole industry chain, accounting for about 10% -20% of the overall value of the engine. Benefit from the growth of the domestic aviation engine market, power control system market will exhibit steady growth. In addition, the development of civil aviation engine market, military and civilian areas of the market and gradually expand overseas markets for air power control industry will also have some role in promoting.

(Iii) Chip project involves national defense information security, strategic significance

Ltd. The company invested 555 million yuan to acquire a stake in Chengdu-chia stone technology and capital increase, after the transaction is completed, holders of its 52.91% stake. Ka Technology has independently developed an international leading level of the third generation of semiconductor integrated circuit technology from abroad and the second generation of semiconductor integrated circuit technology, which will be put into operation to become the first 6-inch second-generation / third generation The semiconductor integrated circuit production lines, can effectively grasp the market demand, to fill gaps in the market, the market prospect is broad. As a former state-controlled national strategy of information industry companies, this holding company Ka stone technology into high-end chip design industry, is holding a model of mixed ownership private cases.

Hite has been with CLP Section 29 signed a “strategic cooperation letter of intent,” the company and CLP Section 29 will Airborne and testing equipment joint project, development, joint production, among others. The two sides will carry out in-depth cooperation with the other priority.

CLP Section 29 is the earliest establishment, specializing in electronic warfare technology research, a class of the National Institute of Systems Engineering equipment model development and production, over the years been responsible for the national key projects, major basic national, national security and other major engineering tasks, to design and development and production land, sea, air, space, playing a variety of platforms and other electronic information systems equipment. CLP Section 29 and Section 14 (Glarun Technology largest shareholder), CLP Section 38 (Create Electronics major shareholder) par. Hite Holdings Ka by entering the high-end scientific and technological research in the field of semiconductor integrated circuit chip, we determine the Ka stone technology products will be mainly used in the early 29 high-end electronic equipment, the “Made in China 2025” in the field of next-generation IT focus on the development of integrated circuits and special equipment, national defense information related to security, with a high strategic position and importance; market prospects for the future.

Jia Shi registered capital of 1.049 billion yuan of Science and Technology, located in Chengdu Shuangliu County, West Southern Airport Economic Zone within the networking industry park; Hite and four Electronic (29 wholly-owned subsidiaries, the parent company of 29 civilian industry, the Ministry of satellite navigation application standards working group members) shares accounted for 52.91%, 36.61% respectively. Hite high in the holding position, the project is the central enterprises and private enterprises (military enterprises) mixed ownership model in private holdings.

According to “Chengdu Jia Shi Technology Co., Ltd. 6-inch second-generation / third generation of semiconductor integrated circuit chip production line project environmental impact report” The total investment of 2.092 billion yuan. Sichuan Provincial Economic and Information Technology Commission of Sichuan Province has put this project as a strategic emerging industries to support the project.

High power electronic applications Ka-Technology 6-inch second-generation / third generation of semiconductor integrated circuit chips used in microwave and millimeter wave frequencies sophisticated electronic equipment, military applications and motor drive, a wireless communication base stations, high frequency satellite communications, smart phones and wireless communications. Ka Technology For details, see Annex.

(Iv) Common shares of established ocean, explore navigable mixed ownership

Through subsidiaries Hai Teya beauty and Kunmingfeian to its own funds invested 124 million yuan shares of Ocean General Aviation Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Universal Ocean”), acquired 31% stake in GM Ocean. Ocean General business scope covers all types of general aviation services according to flight merchant training, aircraft rental hosting, operations and other shareholders except the United States and Kunmingfeian 海特亚, but also including Chang Fei AVIC Jiangxi Kevin technology, Jiangxi Intertek Navigation, Central Asia Property Group and Jiangxi military Sibo general aviation services. Under the agreement, General Board of the ocean by the seven directors, 海特亚 beauty and Kunmingfeian will each nominate a director; in addition, ocean common financial officer will recommend 海特亚 United States.

Further progress in the establishment of the ocean common shares of the company in the general aviation sector of a powerful exploration of mixed ownership, the company is also the depth of integration of military and civilian. Each ocean common shareholders have good industry resources and financial strength, will effectively play their respective advantages in resources, and promote the sound development of ocean common. Meanwhile, the company further deepen the shipping industry layout, the company will optimize aviation industry chain, improve profitability, and expand the company’s shipping industry development.

(V) Aviation Maintenance: large aircraft machine overhaul, Jet / helicopter / engine maintenance Breakthrough

The company’s traditional aviation maintenance business is mainly airborne equipment, two turboshaft engine maintenance business, a leading domestic position. In 2014, the company aviation maintenance business development in both depth and breadth directions were achieved significant results, business scope covers transport aircraft, general aviation aircraft, and helicopters machine maintenance, engine maintenance and Attachment maintenance and technical services.

Tianjin Hite As the first private trunk aircraft overhaul the whole platform (previously domestic-led joint venture with foreign capital), has completed the first phase of the project. The company Tianjin base two hangars have been put into operation, can repair 2-3 frame A320 / B737 series aircraft and three executive jets. January 2015, Tianjin Hite successfully completed Juneyao Airlines B-9978 & B-9957 two A320 family aircraft scheduled inspection and maintenance work for the first time. The company has made CAAC issued by Airbus A320 aircraft 4C inspection maintenance license, is actively apply for A320 aircraft to CAAC 8C inspection maintenance license.

Tianjin base future Phase II, Phase III project after completion, is expected to form 5 hangar, can be nine A320 / B737 aircraft, four executive jets, two wide-body aircraft (B747 / B777, etc.) while the depth of the regular inspection business, will become the domestic large-scale, improve the supporting facilities of third party aircraft maintenance base.

In addition, the company shares of the company, Sichuan Aircraft Maintenance Engineering Company Limited 2015 will achieve the scale of production and profit. Company and Sichuan Airlines Group, Hong Kong Aircraft Engineering Co., Taikoo (Xiamen) Aircraft Engineering Co., Ltd. joint venture in Sichuan Aircraft Maintenance Engineering Co., Ltd., is specialized in domestic and modification of Airbus aircraft overhaul base. The company is its second largest shareholder, with the completion of the second phase of investment in 2015 will achieve the scale of production and profit.

We determine the future of the company will obtain a large machine repair business development (some models of large aircraft overhaul the whole of about 80 million yuan, aviation maintenance business is usually more than 50% gross margin).

On the aviation maintenance breadth, companies involved in many types of aircraft business aircraft, helicopters, aircraft engines, APU, and many more equipment maintenance.

(1) business jet maintenance: Tianjin should 捷海特 General Aviation Services Limited is a company with the world’s third largest business jet service providers Rui Shiyi, Czech Republic, a joint venture specializing in general aviation services company, after the formal operation in 2014, it has completed 64 sorties regional aircraft, business jets scheduled inspection maintenance and line maintenance tasks.

(2) Helicopter maintenance: base is located in Tianjin, Tianjin Xiangyu Aviation Maintenance Engineering Co., Ltd. is a company approved by the China Civil Aviation specializes in the overhaul of Mi-17 series helicopters. Tianjin Xiangyu will resume operations in 2015, will work with new partners era wing day the company increased the intensity of cooperation, give full play to its advantages in resources in the field of Russian Helicopters, will resume expanding rice series helicopters and helicopter maintenance card production capacity and actively expand nine straight, straight eight, EC-135 helicopter maintenance capability and so on.

(3) aircraft engines, auxiliary power units (APU) repair: steady growth, in 2014 nearly complete overhaul and testing work station engines and auxiliary power unit, and continue to promote the aviation engine maintenance capacity-building efforts, the company has carried out three The new model aero engine maintenance capacity development work. As national ministries approved aero engine maintenance base, the company has built, including the United States GE, SAFRAN, Pratt & Whitney Canada, the United States HONEYWELL, PBS and other Czech factory production seven series of more than 20 types of engines and auxiliary power units (APU) repair capacity, is authorized Czech PBS overhaul base; Pratt & Whitney Canada has been calibrated integrated engine test stand, according to the United States has HONEYWELL, US Hansheng standard construction of an auxiliary engine test stand, for direct -8, straight -9 straight -19, -171 meters, transport -12 to provide engine repair and modernization, for B737, -171 meters to provide auxiliary engine maintenance.

(F) To enter the aircraft dismantling, huge market potential in the aircraft market

The first half of 2015, Tianjin Hite foreign aircraft undertook the first aircraft dismantling work in Tianjin. The proposed dismantling of the aircraft for the Beijing Ji’an aviation asset management company to buy from abroad, 27-year-old machine B767 aircraft, aircraft parts will be renovated after the removal and re-use, completion time of three months. July 6, the aircraft parking bays at the handover ceremony.

Tianjin Hite Aircraft Engineering Company is mainly engaged in large aircraft, business jets depth overhaul of the whole business, the company is a large aircraft carrier machine repair business; the whole overhaul of large aircraft has been eligible for qualification in November 2014 opened. After the dismantling of the task to carry out marking the company’s formal entry into the aircraft market, is another milestone in Tianjin Hite made following the overhaul of civil aircraft machine, and to prepare for helicopter maintenance business jet overhaul after qualification. We believe the future of Tianjin Hite repair business will further diversify the company to large aircraft maintenance strategy to upgrade the machine will steadily fall.

The rapid development of the air transport industry today, the disposal of retired aircraft have become increasingly prominent. It is understood that, because there is no professional dismantling base, China’s retired aircraft dismantling basically have to dispose of the United States. According to some media reports, in the course of our aircraft fly more than 200 aircraft, each year the number of imported 300 increments; 80-100 aircraft each year about retired aircraft, the number of aircraft will be retired after increasing every year. If you take into account overseas aircraft dismantling market, the market bigger.

According to media reports, in the international aviation market, the recycling of used parts is a common pattern, in general, the total price of $ 50 million an aircraft, to use the term, the recovery rate is one tenth, i.e. about $ 5 million after dismantling into parts market, may sell $ 10 million. More importantly, driving around value, such as logistics, maintenance, etc., will create 10 times to 20 times the value of the enterprise.

Dismantling aircraft aviation materials can increase, decrease pressure Spare Parts, resulting in greater economic benefits. China does not rule out the future of the world’s aircraft dismantling, material trading base, aircraft dismantling, after the aircraft market has great potential.

(Vii) Aviation Training: Formation of Kunming, Singapore, Tianjin, three major aviation training base layout

Aviation Training business layout in Kunming, Singapore, Tianjin and three aviation training base. In many fields (air transport, general aviation), many types of aircraft (trunk aircraft, general aviation aircraft, helicopters) covering domestic and foreign aviation training market.

Singapore base by the end of 2014 the company has been completed, the first two simulators have been installed tuning is completed, will be officially put into operation in 2015, will expand in Southeast Asia and West Asia aviation training market. Singapore Airlines is the company’s practice training base of high-quality results “along the way” of the national strategy, the domestic aviation industry is also an important foreign investment projects, the company has completed initial training in the aviation market at home and overseas distribution, the company in the aviation training market competitiveness and possession rate will further enhance the overall strength will be enhanced.

In 2014 the company invested in the construction of Tianjin Free Trade Zone in Tianjin Airport flight safety, layout NORTH aviation training market, upon completion, will have 7-10 analog machines running capacity (including A320, B737 and EC-135 helicopter simulator class D), wherein EC- 135 Level D helicopter simulator is the model of China’s first high-level simulator.

Aviation Training business currently operates a total of five Kunmingfeian simulator, including two A320 Level D flight simulator, three B737 aircraft FFS. The company Singapore base 2 analog machines already in place, there is a base station in Kunming, Tianjin base EC-135 helicopter simulation machine 1 on the way in which the acquisition is expected four new contribution to the performance simulator will begin in 2015. Singapore Airlines training base company plans to invest 580 million yuan, to June 2014 has invested 120 million yuan. January 2015, Hite Singapore flight training center B737-800W and two A320-200 full flight simulator passed the China Civil Aviation Administration and the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore initial identification.

The future of the company will also expand aviation training business from the civil aviation field to the helicopter. In June 2013, the company announced the purchase EC-135 helicopter flight simulators and ancillary equipment, a total price of not more than 10 million euros, has signed a contract to purchase intent. The company helicopter training business will be placed Tianjin base.

We determine the number of companies planning simulator future can reach the size of 20 units (about six Kunming, Singapore 6 or so, Tianjin 7-10 units). If each simulator operating 20 hours per day, according to 3000 yuan (or US $ 400-500 / hour) calculated per hour, according to the utilization rate of around 80%, the income of each simulator nearly 18 million yuan, the company Aviation Training gross margin of around 50%.

Aviation training future business if it reaches 20 analog machines, only simulator aviation training services revenue (excluding crew training and other services) to reach 360 million yuan.

(Viii) The aviation finance lease: aircraft machine, engine, flight equipment financing and leasing business is about to break

The company will cover the future of the aviation leasing business machine large aircraft, engines, aircraft timber leasing business.

In 2013 the company funded the establishment of Sichuan Hite Leasing Co., Ltd., began to get involved in aircraft leasing services. July 2014, the company was approved by the Ministry of Commerce, State Administration of Taxation of the National Twelfth domestic financial leasing pilot enterprises, will help the company to optimize the business aviation service business model to achieve diversified development of the aviation industry, and the integration of resources, to Integrated development of aviation technology services direction, to achieve the purpose to promote the company’s main business aviation development. Financial leasing company Aviation Services business is advancing according to plan, the whole aircraft, engines, and aircraft leasing business structure material formed.

(Ix) To raise 1.66 billion ECU to develop new air power and other main industry

The company has completed the set by the matter, the additional price of 20 yuan, issued a total of 8282 shares, the total funds raised 1.66 billion yuan, and the new shares were listed on September 2. The company will expand the air power control system development capabilities.

Fund-raising project of this issue is “Tianjin Hite aircraft maintenance base on the 2nd maintenance hangar construction project,” “new air power control system development and manufacturing projects,” “new aviation engine repair technology development and industrialization projects” “Tianjin Aviation Flight Safety training base construction project” and “add liquidity.”

3. Investment Advice

Expected 15–17 years EPS of 0.16 / 0.36 / 0.56 yuan, PE is 114/51/33 times the expected performance of the company next year after the high-speed growth. The company has more than 50 percent of military accounting, valuation of the company will be the next country Rui Technology, Create Electronics, Aviation moving control , Naoto shares close; maintain “recommended” rating.

Risk Warning: military delivery times of uncertainty, and the new model helicopter winch ECU production time of uncertainty, the issuance of equity dilution thickening performance, integration risk.

Tianqi shares : M Floor, automotive after-market official force

Category: Research institutions: GF Securities Co., Ltd. Researcher: Luo Libo, Liu Zhijun date: 2015-10-26

The company issued a notice by the China Securities Regulatory Commission mergers and acquisitions of listed companies audit committee review, the company issued shares to buy assets and raise matching funds by connected transaction matters unconditional.

M implement dismantling the whole industry chain layout, automotive after-market official force. The acquisition of 100% stake in Yichang Dili and recovered 66.5% stake in Ningbo officially landed the company in the car dismantling market segment, “the three recycling centers + two + two operators dismantling center platform,” the whole industry chain layout began to take shape, The acquisition landing next year, the three companies will collectively dismantling plate and table, consider the performance commitment and their stake next year (Yichang Lidi net profit of 47 million yuan next year commitment, holding 100%; Suzhou regeneration promised 20 million yuan ; holding 70% recovery of about 20 million yuan in Ningbo, holding 66.5%), with the ability to automate dismantling strengthened after the market next year will form a significant support on performance.

Yellow car out of standard policies, accelerate the dismantling of the window period to come. As of September, the national yellow car out of the amount of 820,000, less than expected. Currently the ministry has increased the policy efforts of the yellow car out, environmental protection and other five departments jointly issued a document to promote the yellow car out of the policy, the implementation of monthly briefings phase-out system. Emission vehicles will be phased out in the next 1–2 years to accelerate the dismantling of scrap car recycling volume will usher in short-term peak.

Main business sufficient orders, next year the main industry is expected to strongly upward. The company’s main business of automotive logistics automation equipment business is currently sufficient orders in hand, up more than 30%, consider the confirmation period and base year, the main industry is expected next year the real positive growth. Coupled with the company automated warehousing business breakthroughs in the electricity business, medicine, cold chain and other areas next year, the main industry is expected to strongly upward.

Investment suggestion: We forecast the company 2015–2017 annual revenues and 2,882 one million yuan for the 1, 999, 2,573, EPS, respectively 0.21, 0.37 and 0.46 yuan. The company has in the field of automotive logistics automation equipment outstanding advantages, has a good industrial layout in intelligent storage systems and vehicle dismantling market, combined with performance and valuation, we maintain the company a “buy” rating.

Risk Warning: automotive automation equipment requirements that affect car sales and investment uncertainty; yellow car out of policy implementation is uncertain; scrap price fluctuations affect profits for dismantling operations.

Xiamen Engineering shares : seize all the way along the core area, the Air shares into the military

Category: Research institutions: State Securities Corp. researcher: After Li Yao Date: 2015-04-08

Event.

Vision and action along the way files released, infrastructure interconnection boot priority. Files will determine Fujian and Xinjiang as the core area of ​​the Maritime Silk Road between Asia and Europe, Guangxi and Yunnan respectively and radiation portal area. The same period, the Asian investment bank continued to expand around and under the Boao Forum for Asia held dual catalysis, “along the way” continue to strengthen the concept of regional development.

The evening of March 30, the central bank, the Ministry of Housing, Banking Regulatory Commission jointly issued “on the individual housing loan policy issues related to notice”, to improve the demand for individual housing loans lowered the down payment ratio to not less than 40%. At the same time, the Ministry of Finance and State Administration of Taxation jointly issued “on the adjustment of individual housing transfer business tax policy notice”, significant debt relief for part qualified housing foreign sales business tax levy. With the real estate policy followed deregulation, housing needs to improve usher in a major positive.

Company performance forecast 2014 annual operating results compared with last year, there will be profitable, is expected to achieve attributable to shareholders of listed companies net profit of zero to $ 10 million; total annual government subsidy received by the Company 2014 Total 47,648.56 ten thousand yuan , resulting in a larger increase in operating income.

Comment.

The core area of the Maritime Silk Road construction machinery enterprises, overseas assembly plant was built to cater to the area all the way: focus on planning the direction of the Maritime Silk Road in the 21st century is over from the South China Sea to the Indian Ocean coastal ports in China, extending to Europe, and over the South China Sea to China’s coastal ports South Pacific . The Fujian and Xinjiang have been identified for the 21st century to build the core area of the Maritime Silk Road. Xiamen regional obvious advantages, Xiamen Engineering shares all the way along the core area is located in Xiamen, Fujian Province, currently accounting for 15 percent of export business. The company has established assembly plants in Pakistan, in order to meet all the way along and Fujian FTA construction has laid a good foundation engineering machinery and equipment exports preferred targets.

Guangdong, Fujian and Tianjin free trade zone by the overall scheme, the Xiamen Municipal SASAC key support: March 24, the CPC Central Committee General Secretary Xi Jinping hosted a Politburo meeting by Guangdong, Tianjin, Fujian pilot zones free trade overall program, further Shanghai Free Trade Experimental Area deepen reform and opening up program. FTA second quarter starting gun fired, Fujian FTA much attention at home and abroad, the two programs are expected to be available in the near future official text, FTA listing has officially entered the countdown stage. Xiamen, Xiamen Engineering shares is focused on supporting the manufacturing enterprises SASAC, terms of scale, the company is currently in the second-tier position in the industry, the company’s main products accounted for 60% of revenue loader in the domestic market share of about 16%, ranking the first three levels of the industry. 2010 nine Chinese construction machinery manufacturers, including companies into the top 50 global construction machinery.

AVIC shares, civilian integration model: the aircraft industry with engineering machinery products the core components of hydraulic technology research and development capabilities, AVIC shares Xiamen Engineering shares, in its capacity as the industrial development platform, with its R & D strength, enhance the technological level of construction machinery products extending “Four Wheels” and other key parts of construction machinery industry, but to build aviation maintenance and mechanical base, into military areas greatly enhance the company in the domestic construction machinery core competitiveness. The company is currently doing property transfer, the actual control may become more of AVIC, AVIC systems become the model of civil-military integration. AVIC’s move will strengthen the company’s military background, the general secretary in learning to adapt to the requirements of its mission to accelerate the construction requirements of the equipment system backdrop, company valuation is expected to improve.

Deregulation to promote real estate investment pick up, looking forward to 2015 results appear reversed: investments in infrastructure, equipment investment, mainly in construction machinery. Because of China’s fixed asset investment, especially real estate investment growth slowed, leading to lower purchasing power cranes, excavators, loaders and other construction machinery major products continued to decline, the company’s performance was in a slump. The company’s annual results notice said the company in 2014 net profit compared with a year earlier appeared a turnaround, but mainly from the government subsidy of 476.48 million yuan operating income, results did not show a fundamental improvement.

With the real estate policy followed deregulation, housing needs to improve usher in a major positive. Liberalization of real estate control policies will help real estate new projects starts to rise, thereby stimulating market demand gradually pick up equipment. Judging from construction machinery is expected to benefit from the area all the way to help digest excess capacity and double positive recovery in the domestic real estate investment is expected to decline in equipment sales will tend to narrow this year, industry continues to inventory deleveraging situation also will be in the second quarter improved significantly. We look forward to the construction machinery industry in the second and third quarter results can show substantial reversal.

Looking ahead a few years, the construction machinery industry or market holdings are still a large amount of excess capacity, competition and other issues, the pattern of market reshuffle and survival of the fittest is difficult to avoid. Some enterprises will fully benefit “along the way”, in a favorable position in the competitive landscape changes. The company’s main business market share among the industry forefront loaders, large-scale effects appear. With infrastructure investment is expected to pick up at home and abroad, the company’s main business sales will follow the construction machinery market demand overall stabilized.

Investment advice.

We were the first company earnings forecasts net profit forecast 2015/2016 attributable to the parent company 0.89,2.11 one hundred million yuan, EPS were 0.09,0.22 yuan (after taking into account dilution), to give a “buy” rating, target price of the year 17.7 yuan.

Wisesoft Daily News Review: The image of new business sales, promote the growth of diversified development

Category: Research institutions: Sealand Securities Co., Ltd. Researcher: Generation Pengju Date: 2015-08-28

Event: newspaper publishing company, achieved total revenue of 82.572 million yuan, representing an increase of 22.30 percent over the same period last year; to achieve operating profit of 15.018 million yuan, representing an increase of 65.79 percent over the same period last year. 2015 January-September attributable to shareholders of listed company’s net profit change interval 1840.3 to 22,084,000 yuan.

Earnings growth in line with expectations and look forward to the military aviation tube large single floor. Company after deduction of non-net profit rose 79.8%. In the context of actively promoting new products, management fees and cost of sales did not grow significantly. Company revenue and profit growth in line with a quarterly forecast. ATC automation project gross margin over 48%. Full-year net profit growth is expected to up to 500%, mainly determined bid 238 million in 2013 ATC automation project landing. Based on past experience of military tenders, we believe that successful project for two years, this year the possibility of large floor.

Diversified development, the image performance of the new product is expected to become the gearbox. 1, the new product controllers experience Level D flight simulator and flight simulator visual systems have sales or bid. With the domestic general aviation open and the rise of a huge domestic market space pilot training in the future. 2, large panoramic interactive experience systems has signed its first contract, using the company’s three-dimensional high-definition LED display, interactive panorama experience programs and a number of graphics technology, the future will be in the country to promote education and science sectors. 3, based on the integration of a new generation of panoramic video aerodrome activity intelligent monitoring and management systems are actively construction and sales. New company image classes with more than 65% of the high gross margins and broad market space, the future is expected to become a new source of power .

3D face recognition test is installed, future industrialization of infinite space. The adoption of Intel’s low-cost sensors, successfully developed the first set of three-dimensional face recognition system and shows in the 2015 Intel Developer Forum. The three-dimensional face recognition system to achieve significant cost reductions and greatly reduced volume. 3D face recognition technology company is different from the traditional two-dimensional recognition, unique technology advantages. The future will be like a three-dimensional face recognition fingerprint recognition, bar code and RFID identification technology, widely used in national defense, public safety, information security, financial payment security and other fields. Future based on national security considerations, the three-dimensional human face requires a full set of equipment and basic software localization. The company first entered the field and occupy technological advantage. The future, as market volume, three-dimensional recognition technology industry is expected to bring huge benefits.

Optimistic about the company’s future, to maintain “overweight” rating. The company has high barriers to high-margin core business of ATC automation, performance and stable high growth. We are optimistic about the future of the company’s current diversified development. Key layout graphic image business, part of the new business gradually force. 3D face recognition enormous future industrial space. 2015 ~ 2017 EPS of 0.33, 0.54, 0.79 yuan, the corresponding PE of 82, 50, 35 times, to maintain “overweight” rating.

Risk Warning: the company’s new products do not reach the expected air traffic control projects delayed or discontinued.

Mastery Power : Boots final landing, to the transition of military information technology and automation, the future will become the core of the military company

Category: Research institutions: Shun Securities Co., Ltd. Researcher: Zourun Fang, Wangshu Wei Date: 2015-04-22

In line with expectations, first quarter net profit increased significantly.

The company in 2014 operating income of 1.052 billion yuan, an increase of 14.62%, net profit attributable to the parent company of -1659.5 million yuan, down 263%; EPS -0.1 yuan, results in line with expectations. Net profit substantially reduced, mainly due to the decline in gross margin and impairment losses on assets due.

The company in 2015 to achieve 175 million yuan in the first quarter, down 27.86%, net profit attributable to parent company 117 million yuan, an increase of 83.61 percent, in line with expectations.

Traditional main business profitability declined, 15 years is expected to bounce back.

The company in 2014 gross profit margin was 12.84%, compared with last year fell 2.4 percent, gross margin declined mainly due to the overall industry still faces overcapacity, lower prices.

Companies actively promote the traditional main industry upgrading efficiency through downsizing, adjust the product structure to enhance performance, while the new company Jiangsu 苏富松 mold factory, Jiangsu and pass Electric Co., have been successfully put into operation, a new industry to create new long-term growth, 15 Traditional main industry is expected to bounce back.

Full transition of military information technology and automation, will become the core of military companies.

The company continued to promote military information and intelligence equipment transformation. Has signed Weir made Shenzhen billion Information Technology Co. 60% stake in the letter of intent, to enter the radar and the information security market, such as the successful acquisition of the company will become the main platform for the development of military information technology; establishment of Tianjin-Dadar in Tianjin Science and Technology Co., In “artillery multifunction Maintenance Unit” and “light armored vehicle at the sudden rapid” two technology as a breakthrough into the army and armed police vehicle market, and as a major platform for the company’s development of military intelligence. The future of the company will continue to perform military information and intelligence core development strategies and technology integration through mergers and acquisitions and other means.

Recommendation: Buy -A investment rating, 6-month target price of 40 yuan. We expect the company in 2015 –2017 year EPS were 0.35,1,1.25 yuan, the company firmly transformation of military information technology and automation, will continue to promote transformation through mergers and acquisitions and other means.

Risk Warning: Transition not up to expectations, results have fallen sharply

Yaxing anchor : Leading global chain performance inflection point appeared, holding 1.2 billion in cash will actively open a second primary industry

Category: Research institutions: China Galaxy Securities Co., Ltd. Researcher: Wang Huajun, Chen Xianfan date: 2015-04-29

1. Event.

The company released 2014 annual and 2015 quarterly. In 2014 the company achieved revenues 1.528 billion yuan, an increase of 8.46%, net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies 29.88 million yuan, an increase of 47.34 million yuan, EPS of 0.06 yuan.Company bonus plan for every 10 shares 0.5 yuan increase by transferring 10 shares, cash dividends 0.50 yuan (including tax).

2015 first quarter the company achieved operating income of 415 million yuan, an increase of 8.46%, attributable to shareholders of listed company’s net profit of 30.83 million yuan, down 3.65%, EPS of 0.07 yuan.

2. Our analysis and judgment.

(A) Performance inflection point is now in line with expectations, sustained growth is guaranteed.

The company previously released 2014 annual results notice, actual results in line with expectations. Companies marine business income accounted enhance 4.6pct, along with continued growth in the company’s profitability, in 2015 first quarter consolidated gross margin reached 23.31%, the highest level in nearly four years, an upgrade 1.6pct.

The company plans to complete 2015 annual revenue of 1.65 billion. The company in 2014 to take orders 1.922 billion yuan, an increase of 6.6%, as of December 31, 2014 orders in hand the company 1.516 billion yuan, up 19.8 percent, the company in 2015 sustained growth performance is guaranteed.

(B) 海工系 mooring chain world-class, conquer the world’s five largest customers.

Company Hai Gongji mooring chain product structure upgrade, in 2014 gross profit margin increase 8.64pct.

In 2014 the company achieved Hai Gongji mooring system connector output of 2,000 tons in 2015 plans to increase production to 4000 tons; ultra-high-level R & D R6 mooring chain has entered the pilot phase; the company involved in the development of “ultra-deepwater semi-submersible drilling platform development and application “project won the 2014 annual national science and technology progress awards. The company is actively connected to the mooring system accessories extend outside member.

Company in the world’s top five oil companies have obtained the ocean four (France’s Total, Statoil, Royal Dutch Shell, Petrobras) supplier qualification, Mobil Oil also plans in May to inspect the company certification, the company in the field of mooring chains and attachments Marine Department has reached world-class level; marine equipment industry, the long-term to short-term pressure is good, the company will continue mooring chain business development, and further enhance the market share in the marine field.

(C) Cash on hand of nearly 12 billion, will be actively open a second main industry.

Currently nearly 1.2 billion yuan cash on hand. The company had purchased about 140,000 square meters of land, in addition to the company before the IPO equity investment projects 30,000 tons of ultra-high-strength remainder of the project R5 offshore mooring chain transformation projects, we judge still more abundant, with sufficient epitaxial conditions for development. The company clearly stated, “Will actively develop second primary industry, planned for the next two to three years to determine, in order to further enhance the company’s size and competitiveness.” We judge the company does not rule out a second extension of the main ways to develop the industry.

3. Investment advice.

The company expects 2015 will be 33.57 million yuan for bad debts reversal, 2015-2017 results will achieve rapid growth, performance flexibility, the future does not rule out the extensional development. 2015-2017 is expected EPS of 0.32 / 0.39 / 0.47 yuan, PE is 50/42/35 times. Excluding cash in hand after the company’s market capitalization is only 1.2 billion yuan 6.4 billion yuan, PB only 2.3 times, with good margin of safety, to maintain “recommended” rating. Risk factors: lower than expected recovery ship anchor chain; oil prices continued to fall; extensional development than expected.

Lijum shares : the proposed acquisition of Chengdu three military aircraft business continued to overweight, resumption of not less than 5 trading days, 286 million yuan holdings

Category: Research institutions: China Galaxy Securities Co., Ltd. Researcher: Wang Huajun Date: 2015-09-09

1. Event.

The company announced the proposed acquisition of Chengdu Sanhang Electrical Co., Ltd. (hereinafter: “Chengdu Sanhang”) of equity, the company stock since September 8 date for restoration.

According to the company prior to the announcement, the controlling shareholder, actual controller and its shareholders and other persons acting resumption of not less than 5 trading days, 286 million yuan holdings.

2. Our analysis and judgment.

(A) The proposed acquisition of Chengdu three aircraft, military operations continued overweight.

The proposed acquisition of Chengdu Sanhang main business includes the production of aerospace equipment, research and development, aviation aircraft external devices; have “military product quality system certification”, “three secret unit qualification certificate”, “weaponry research and production licenses card “,” equipment manufacturing units registration certificate “and other relevant qualifications required for the production and operation. The company’s aircraft hangar common project was included in 2014 in Chengdu strategic new product development projects subsidized project, the company also was recognized as 2015 Chengdu enterprise technology center.

According to the company announcement, Chengdu Sanhang year 2014 achieved total revenue of 072 million yuan, net profit of 027 million yuan, net profit margin reached 37.5%, strong profitability. The company has basically completed the preparatory work for Chengdu three aircraft acquisitions, ongoing negotiations on transaction programs to communicate with the Chengdu Sanhang shareholders. If the acquisition is successful, on the one hand it is expected to enhance the company’s overall profitability, on the other hand is expected to generate synergies with the previously announced acquisition of Dekun aviation for the company to bring new profit growth point.

(B) The resumption of not less than 5 trading days, 286 million yuan holdings.

According to the company prior to the announcement, the controlling shareholder, actual controller, chairman of Mr. He Yamin and concerted action, Vice Miss He Jia company intends to apply through the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, securities stock to resume trading within five days from the date of trading system by way of auction total holdings of the market value of not less than 250 million yuan of funds to buy company stock.

Shareholders, vice chairman and general manager of Mr. Wei Yong intends to resume trading from the date of the Company’s shares within five trading days the market value of holdings by way of auction by the Shenzhen Stock Exchange securities trading system of not less than 036 million yuan of funds to buy the company’s stock .

The three people currently holds 80.45% of total equity. According to maintaining the company’s share price stabilization program announcement, the above-mentioned three commitments: from July 7, 2015, within 12 months, no holdings of shares of shares held by beneficial monarch, not to transfer or entrust others to manage their holdings of shares Lijun shares.

(Iii) Sufficient cash on hand, will accelerate the transformation of the military, it is expected to become a model of civil-military integration.

The company previously announced will be 370 million yuan in cash to acquire 100% stake Dekun aviation. Dekun Airlines is one of the aircraft industry to fly the most important structural parts Waixiejiagong manufacturing enterprises; products used in many models of military aircraft, large transport aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, missiles, etc., and for the large passenger and cargo aircraft and domestic regional aircraft (ARJ project), China Commercial Aircraft C919 to provide ancillary products.

1.34 billion yuan in cash in hand, major shareholders and persons acting has 65% of the shares of listed companies, the company is expected to create an important platform for the integration of the military service. September 2014 the company announced the proposed shares tomorrow Aerospace (new research shares acquisition targets, supporting the well-known domestic aerospace parts manufacturer). We believe that the company locked the transformation of military areas, and the acquisition of the subject are very good.

We judge the rich companies to track project, the future is likely to continue to accelerate the transformation of the military field, with the acquisition of a larger scale, better performance potential military operations, civil-military integration will become a model.

(Iv) Energy saving equipment little giant, strong profitability.

The company for the cement, mining and grinding system leading enterprises, outstanding profitability, cash generation ability, consolidated gross profit margin for many years maintained at about 50%, net profit margin over 35% for many years. Company old business cement roller press market share ranking first in the world. New Business mines roller mill can reduce power consumption and metal consumption, significantly reducing water pollution, a key state to encourage the development of energy-saving and environmentally friendly products. Expected future mine roller mill will get better development.

3. Investment advice.

Does not consider the extension is expected to 15–17-year EPS of 0.36 / 0.39 / 0.40 yuan, PE is 71/66/64 times; consider Dekun aviation, expected 15 – 17-year pro forma EPS of 0.45 / 0.51 / 0.58 yuan, PE 57 / 50/45-fold. Valuation of the company is expected to move closer to the military unit (military unit 2015 nearly 80 times the average PE). We determine the company’s future will continue to overweight the military business, performance is expected to achieve a larger increase, valuations are expected to move closer to the military unit, to maintain recommended. Risk Warning: shrinking demand for cement equipment, mining and marketing progress than expected, the transition of military progress than expected.

Zongshen Power: the small loan business steadily, UAV production soon

Category: Research institutions: Joaquin Securities Co., Ltd. Researcher: Zhang Zhongjie Date: 2015-06-19

Investment Highlights

Motorcycle engine industry cyclical adjustment: in 2014 the company issued a motorcycle Mai machine business sales revenue 2.74 billion yuan, an increase of 1.68%, currently SMEs Mai machine business basic motorcycle made in low-profit status, large displacement three-wheeled motorcycle slight increase four-wheel vehicle market is starting Mai. Rural market is still able to maintain a large sales YingYing mold, it is estimated the company in 2015 revenue decline at around 5%. Electric powered car is the future direction of the transformation, in 2015 the trend better estimate sales will grow substantially.

General machinery business to maintain growth momentum: 2014 annual sales of 1.23 billion yuan of general machinery, up 30%, mainly due to increase the company’s export sales, small aircraft in the United States through the larger market, with the growth of the US natural gas production, electrically Mai forces unit as general machinery market is being nurturing. Clear development trend of this business, we expect growth in this business in 2015 more than 20%.

Small loan company business steadily: To take advantage of Zongshen Group and the Company on the downstream industry chain resources, while controlling risk, the company microfinance industry chain around 80% of business conduct, such as household pet Group receivables, in the back section before providing credit risk control. Follow the company also plans to gradually expand in small loans companies on the basis of factoring, P2P, equity investments, the future is expected to achieve 30 billion yuan YingYing mold around. At present, the business development of better, faster earnings growth, future business is expected to become one of the pillars of the four companies.

Sales service market model innovation: Left master company has 575 Direct, the joint venture does not store in the chain, the initial formation of a “service + spare parts sales” business model, take it as a basis, Jian use Lynx and Taobao Internet platform, active sales of all types of end products, in 2014 net profit rose 152%. The company is also trying to intervene car after-market services, not the Internet companies to open two stores in Chongqing, in order to point the online business is expected to quickly carry out.

UAV business will become a new growth point: The company does not Qingdao Wang rivers recently co-invested $ 50 million to establish Chongqing Zongshen Tianyi Aviation Technology Co., Ltd., which the company invested 3,350 ten thousand yuan accounted for 67% stake. The company is actively pushing Zhong Zong project the company’s production area location, production line layout, model selection, sales and service network construction and other related work. Is expected to be in September 2015 to achieve small batch production, the original shareholders of the company Qingdao Wang rivers commitment from 2015 to 2017 the company achieved net profit accumulated less than 132.5 million yuan Ji. Given the broad market prospects UAV business, the business is expected to become a new growth point.

Investment suggestion: We forecast 2015 –2017 company earnings per share were 0.41, 0.51 and 0.71 yuan. We obituary small loan business for the company in good shape, volume sales of UAV operations soon, the company thereby forming a new growth point performance, prospects. “Buy -A” investment rating, 6-month target price of 33.15 yuan, corresponding to 65 times 2016 PE.

Risk Warning: industry does not lead to changes in the company’s fundamentals Ji reach the expected results.

New research shares: Acquisition tomorrow Aerospace approved the text, into the rapid development of the new era

Category: Research institutions: Southwest Securities Co., Ltd. Researcher: Pang Linlin Date: 2015-10-28

Performance Summary: 2015 third quarter, the company achieved operating income of 515.2 million, an increase of 12.44%, operating profit of 90.3 million, an increase of 3.58%, net profit of 85.5 million, an increase of 5.60%; earnings per share 0.095 yuan.

Used main business running smoothly. 2015 changed the agricultural subsidies continued growth, down 100 million yuan, the demand for agricultural products was significantly weaker, agricultural business critical. With excellent product quality, the company first three quarters of revenue growth of 12.44%. Gross margin for the first three quarters of the company 34.12%, down 4.33 percentage points, the expense ratio 14.95%, down 2.32 percentage points (mainly cost of sales rate fell 3.26 percentage points); sales margin of 16.46%, a slight decrease year on year 1.21 percentage points.

Merger reorganization approved by the Commission approval. 2015 companies active epitaxial mergers and acquisitions, the company issued shares and pay cash to buy Shifang City tomorrow Industry Co., Ltd. 100% stake in aerospace, currently the major asset restructuring has received China Securities Regulatory Commission Audit Committee mergers and acquisitions by 2015 October 26 approved by China Securities Regulatory Commission approval. After the completion of the reorganization, the company will become a farm, military dual main listed companies, and the rapid development in agricultural machinery, military two areas.

Tomorrow Aerospace is “people to join the army,” the best subject, there is a performance-than-expected capacity and power. 1. From the production point of view, all current production tomorrow aerospace investment value may reach 4 billion +; 2, from order point of view, with the acceleration of the main models fitted (military aircraft orders into the release), military orders from 2013–2014 years Trial gradually small batches, with high growth potential; 3, from the equipment capacity, the company has formed advanced, large-scale lead, and continues to expand; 4, net profit margin, the company’s gross profit margin remained stable There liters of situation, the financial costs the company after the acquisition of aerospace parts business will be lower than the current 11%, taking into account technical upgrade, orders, and production release of scale brought net profit margin is expected from the current less than 20% increased to more than 25%.

Earnings forecast and rating the following table: earnings forecast considering only farm the main industry. Tomorrow’s Aerospace 2015-2017 annual results for the deduction of non-commitment should reach 170 million yuan net profit (+55.96%), 2.4 million (+ 41.18%) and 400 million yuan (66.67%), the next three years compound annual growth rate of 55%, However, we believe the company than-expected performance in 2017 is very large probability estimate in 2017 is expected to reach 735 million yuan, three-year compound growth rate of over 86%.

Tomorrow, after the acquisition of the aerospace company, people join the army as a clear target, in large-scale development of the people expected to join the army background deserve high valuations, coupled with the re-acquisition of more specific expectations, maintaining a “buy” rating.

Risk Warning: agricultural machinery industry or continue to decline, tomorrow aerospace integration progress and performance or lower than expected and other risks.

Original Mandarin Chinese:

軍工行業12只概念股價值解析

　应流股份:铸技顶峰、核电蓝海

类别：公司研究 机构：中泰证券股份有限公司 研究员：笃慧,郭皓 日期：2015-10-08

中国核电远景:未来核电之所以好,是因为它不受国内传统经济周期制约,同时是行政力量未来要极力推动的事情。要达到2030年非化石能源占比20%的目标 ,届时核电装机规模需要1.5亿至2亿千瓦,即未来15年每年要建10到15个百万千瓦级的核电机组。这个建设强度是极大的,因为从1991年秦山核电站并网发电以来至今国内累计投运核电机组不过26台。保守预估目前至2020年底拟开建核电机组为30台,年均约6台,此外若内陆核电破冰(可能性大),则开工数量更多;

技术追赶、效率压制、海外份额扩张:无论是1995年的纺织品出口、2005年的机电产品出口,或是2015年的核电出口,其实本质上都是中国在技术达标后成本效率提升所带来的全球市场份额扩张。尽管在经济本质上没有太大区别,但是在技术上已经是飞跃式的发展。中国制造2005是中端制造业赶上世界潮流,中国制造2025则是高端制造业的赶超。世界核能协会估算2015-2030年间海外新建核电站在160座左右,投资额1.5万亿美元,市场空间巨大。从华龙一号的签单状况来看,中国技术对亚非拉国家吸引力明显,未来未来随着华龙一号的推广和CAP1400自主技术的成熟,中国核电在全球市场份额有望进一步提升;

核主泵泵壳——铸造业最高技术:应流于2014年即生产出国内首台CAP1400核一级不锈钢爆破阀阀体,继而又完成CAP1400核主泵泵壳国产化。泵壳是主泵乃至核岛的核心部件之一,制造难度极大,代表了目前世界铸造生产的最高技术。此前国内核电机组主泵泵壳一直由海外铸造厂垄断,应流实现进口替代后已进入批量生产阶段,成为目前三代核电机组主泵泵壳唯一国内供应商;

乏燃料与中子吸收材料市场广阔:中国核电发展的头重脚轻导致核电乏燃料后处理市场较核电站建设更为广阔,我们测算2015年国内乏燃料卸出量625吨,到2020年可增长至1450吨。全球市场更为庞大,2015年世界乏燃料卸出量估算在9442吨,是中国市场的15倍。中子吸收材料主要用在乏燃料贮运领域,燃料贮存水池格架和贮运容器中均需要设置中子吸收材料,预计自2016年起国内中子吸收材料需求将出现爆发式增长。应流联手工程物理研究院的产业化项目预计将在明年建成,届时配合乏燃料贮运容器的国产化,产品将快速占领国内市场。同时凭借国产设备性价比优势,产品有望进入15倍于国内市场的全球市场蓝海;

传统产品周期底、新业务空间大:应流传统业务盈利受油价波动影响,美国页岩气钻机数量剧降暗示油价周期底部来临,未来机会已然大于风险。而新业务核主泵泵壳、中子吸收材料、航空发动机/燃气轮机叶片等项目在受益于市场规模扩大的同时,进口替代将占领国内市场份额,而且具备打开海外市场的潜力,增长空间广阔。公司对新产品的业绩弹性好,基本面即将进入快速爬坡期;

趋势预判与投资建议:未来有利于公司股价的积极因素包括1)四季度核电行业催化剂众多,包括核电十三五规划、核电项目密集批复和启动、内陆核电破冰进展、核电出口继续突破等;2)此前市场对乏燃料题材关注度偏低,而乏燃料市场的巨大潜力终将会引起资金关注,届时估值溢价有望扩大;3)若未来A股从资金流出切换至存量博弈,那么即将爆发的核电行业必将成为资金重点关注对象,核电优质标的有望成为存量博弈结构行情中的亮点。我们认为中短期仍是布局建仓的好时机,考虑到短期A股整体资金环境稳定性有待确认,暂仍维持公司“增持”评级,待大环境风险释放确认后再作进一步上调。

积成电子:变配电主业强势增长,能源互联网布局蔚为大观

类别：公司研究 机构：平安证券有限责任公司 研究员：余兵 日期：2015-09-21

业绩稳健增长,费用管控持平:报告期内,公司实现营收4.07亿元,同比增长33.14%;实现归属于上市公司股东的净利润0.2亿元,同比增长15.31%;公司期间费用率达32.8%,与去年同比持平,其中财务费用率同比增长0.98个百分点,主要系本期银行借款利息支出较多所致。

变配电主业增势强劲,公用事业持续开拓:报告期内,国网公司集中招标批次及数量均有所下降,招标形势持续集中化,公司抓住国网集招与行业外市场机会,新签订合同额5.18亿元。1H15公司变电站/配用电业务实现营收1.38/1.63亿元,分别同比增长47.0%/69.5%,毛利率达40.42%/36.91%,分别同比增加5.89/-1.98个百分点。在上半年电网领域总体投资呈现阶段性低迷的形势下,公司变配电主业仍实现快速增长,市场份额持续提升。公用事业方面,公司成功开拓武汉、重庆等城市水务市场,智能远传水表市场保有量突破300万只,市场占有率排名第一;智能燃气解决方案已可为燃气领域客户提供一站式服务。

能源互联网多箭齐发,展翼军工领域:报告期内,公司联合中国移动、联想集团一起打造的智慧能源公共服务云平台上线,成为国内首家区域性的(山东省)智慧能源公共服务云平台,目前该平台已接入涵盖燃气、水务、工业节能等行业超26000个点的数据;与英特尔、山东城联合作,拓展能源互联网、智慧城市综合服务运营领域;投资4,116万元收购福建奥通迈胜70%的股权,奥通迈胜承诺15~17年扣非后净利润分别不低于0.1/0.13/0.17亿元,进一步完善城镇配电网业务;相继成立积成能源、积成软件公司,参与设立10亿元新能源产业引导基金,近期与广西桂东电力在电力需求侧的微网应用合作,更因应了电改新形势下的变局。军工领域,公司与北京久远合作成立军工并购基金;投资3000 万元收购宁波中物力拓30%的股权,进军以超微金属粉末为基础材质的3D 打印市场。

盈利预测与评级:预计公司15~16 年EPS 为0.52、0.78 元,对应8 月28 日收盘价PE 分别为33.9、22.6 倍,我们看好公司在能源互联网领域的先发优势及军工领域的外延拓展,维持“推荐”评级。

风险提示:电改方案低于预期的风险;军工业务拓展缓慢。

威海广泰:四季度业绩将提速;军用/民用专业级无人机龙头受益军民融合、通用航空

类别：公司研究 机构：中国银河证券股份有限公司 研究员：王华君 日期：2015-10-19

1.事件。

公司发布三季报,2015年前三季度实现收入9.08亿元,同比增长29.52%,实现净利润9880.57万元,同比增长33.92%,EPS为0.30元。

2.我们的分析与判断。

(一)盈利能力不断上升,业绩将进一步提速。

公司中报中预告前三季度业绩同比增长20%-50%,实际业绩符合我们的预期。公司毛利率和净利率分别同比提升1.1pct、0.9pct,盈利能力不断上升。

由于营口新山鹰的并表效应,公司第三季度单季收入和业绩同比分别长73%和60%。公司预告全年业绩同比增长40%-80%,达到1.56亿-2亿元,据此计算,第四季度单季业绩需达到5676万元-1.01亿元,同比增长52%-171%,业绩将进一步提速。

(二)拟收购全华时代,有望打造“无人机第一股”。

公司此前公告拟募集不超过5.4亿元,用于收购、增资全华时代并投入无人机项目(1.5亿元)及补充流动资金,增资完成后公司将拥有全华时代69.34%的股权。

全华时代是国内最早实现无人机研发、生产和销售及服务一体化的民营企业之一,主要产品包括固定翼、直升机、多旋翼等军用、民用无人机及无人机应用服务,在无人机技术专利主要职务发明申请企业中排名第1,全国范围内仅次于两所高等院校。

全华时代在应用服务领域的主要服务对象包括武警、消防、公安、海洋海事、电力、天津电视台等部门,曾作为唯一一家民营企业受邀参与了中国人民解放军举行的“四海三军”军事演习,并于2015年8月参与“8.12”陕西山阳山体滑坡勘测救援工作。

本次收购中约定,若全华时代在盈利承诺期内合计实际净利润高于承诺净利润9221万元,则超额净利润部分的50%将用于向全华时代、管理层及员工进行奖励。预计2016年全华时代净利润有望达到1500-2000万元,2015-2018年业绩有望连续翻倍增长。

公司2014年11月28日与某单位签订《系列无人机系统开发合作协议书》,目前已经在军用无人机业务具备较强实力。我们认为,本次收购全华时代将带来显著的产业链、市场及客户协同效应,特别是全华时代的军用无人机对公司现有部分军品业务将带来促进。本次发行后,公司将全面进入无人机行业,军品业务将快速发展,公司有望成为军用/民用专业级无人机龙头企业,对标消费级无人机龙头“大疆创新”(根据媒体报道,大疆创新的市值已超80亿美元)。

(三)军用无人机/军民融合稀缺标的,将快速发展。

公司系列无人机、高速无人机主要为军方供货,公司为军民融合标的。无人机是未来飞机发展趋势,据美国、以色列未来战机规划,未来无人机将超过有人机。我们测算未来15年中国军用无人机市场需求接近2000亿元,民用专业级无人机需求超1000亿元,民用消费级无人机(国内需求)超300亿元。

目前国内上市公司涉及军用无人机研制业务的有洪都航空、宗申动力,隆鑫通用、山东矿机、通裕重工等上市公司也开始涉及无人机业务,但是,明确涉及军用无人机的极少。此外,目前很多上市公司仅仅开始涉及无人机,部分公司仅刚刚研制出1-2架样机开始做试验。而公司为非常稀缺的军用无人机标的,且拟收购的全华时代已是产业化的无人机巨头,是具有批量生产能力的优质无人机标的。

公司已聘用前西飞国际、中航通飞、中航重机董事长孟祥凯为独立董事,孟祥凯在航空航天、军品业务领域具备丰富的经验。我们判断公司无人机、特别是军用无人机业务未来将快速发展。

(四)入选中上协军工委国防军工板块,军品有望持续超预期。

2015年7月7日,中国上市公司协会发布了中上协军工委国防军工板块名单,威海广泰入选。2014年公司军品销售收入达到1.64亿元,同比大幅增长88%。公司总经理孟岩获批享受国务院特殊津贴,近年来承担国家级项目12项,军工项目10项,主持开发的多项产品填补国内、国际空白。公司军品方面积极参与研制具有前瞻性的批量大、价值高的新项目,目前有多个项目已经获得认可;一些重点科研项目取得阶段性成果,同时有重点地开拓新的市场领域,取得良好发展。我们判断公司军品未来发展将超市场预期,带来业绩估值双提升。

3.投资建议。

公司具备无人机+军民融合+通用航空+智能家居等多重主题,军品业务发展将超市场预期,受益通航产业大发展。我们判断公司未来将在军品(不仅仅是军用无人机)、消防设备领域持续加码,通过自主研发、兼并重组等措施,强化公司在消防设备、军品领域中的地位和影响力;营口新山鹰业绩将超预期。

不考虑本次非公开发行事项,预计15-17年备考EPS为0.63/0.82/1.06元,PE为49/38/29倍;考虑本次非公开发行事项(按照30元增发价测算),预计15-17年备考EPS为0.61/0.84/1.10元,PE为50/37/28倍,未来业绩具有上调潜力,持续推荐。

风险提示:通航政策低于预期、军品业务发展低于预期、产业整合低于预期。

海特高新:某型发动机工程荣获“国防科学技术进步奖”一等奖,受益军民深度融合

类别：公司研究 机构：中国银河证券股份有限公司 研究员：王华君 日期：2015-10-14

投资要点

1.事件

公司公告“某型发动机工程”荣获中华人民共和国工业和信息化部“国防科学技术进步奖”,获奖等级为一等奖。

2.我们的分析与判断

(一)获“国防科学技术进步奖”一等奖

国防科学技术进步奖是为了奖励在推动国防科学技术进步中做出突出贡献的单位和个人,鼓励自主创新,促进国防现代化建设和国民经济的发展。

本次公司获奖项目“某型发动机工程”,是公司军民深度融合中武器装备及其配套产品的科研、生产、试验及相关工作中取得的科技成果。本次项目获奖是公司不断追求技术创新的成果,是公司具备高等级技术创新能力的体现。

(二)航空研制:航空发动机及控制系统、直升机绞车业务持续发力

公司已由一家传统航空维修企业向综合航空技术服务企业战略转变,2012年以来航空动力核心控制系统等研制业务起飞,业绩驶入高增长快车道。 目前公司航空军品(主要为直升机相关)业绩占比约60%。公司2014年第一大客户销售金额为1.87亿元,我们判断主要为核心军品研制业务,收入占比已接近40%。

公司航空新技术研发制造业务板块已形成产品量产、多种新型号在研,以及多个项目预研全面推进的良好局面。某型航空动力控制系统正批量化生产;其他多型号航空动力控制系统项目的研制工作正在有序推进中;可满足多型直升机使用需求的电动救援绞车研制项目和氧气系统即将进入试飞测试阶段。

公司航空动力核心控制系统为核心军品,技术含量和壁垒极高。根据公司2014年年报,目前航空新技术研发制造业务已成为公司重要的业务板块,形成了既有产品量产、又有多种新型号在研,还有多个项目预研的良好科研生产局面。

目前,公司在已研发成功的某型号发动机电调项目的技术基础之上,开展对“新型航空动力控制系统的研发与制造项目”三种新型号(401、402、403)航空动力控制系统的衍生研发。

根据公司公告,动力控制系统是航空发动机的主要组件,在整个产业链条中属于必不可少的部分,约占发动机整体价值的10%-20%。受益于国产航空发动机市场的增长,动力控制系统市场也将呈现出稳定的增长态势。此外,民用航空发动机市场的发展、军民结合领域市场以及海外市场的逐步拓展,对航空动力控制产业也将具有一定的带动作用。

(三)芯片项目涉及国防信息安全,战略意义重大

公司投资5.55亿元收购成都嘉石科技有限公司部分股权并增资,交易完成后,持有其52.91%的股权。嘉石科技拥有自主研发具备国际领先水平的第三代半导体集成电路工艺以及从国外引进的第二代半导体集成电路工艺,其建成投产后将成为国内第一条6吋第二代/第三代半导体集成电路生产线,能有效抓住市场需求,填补国内市场空白,市场前景广阔。作为原国有控股的信息产业国家战略型公司,本次公司控股嘉石科技进军高端芯片研制产业,是混合所有制民企控股典范案例。

海特高新已与中电科29所签署了《战略合作意向书》,公司和中电科29所将就航空机载及检测设备开展联合立项、研制、联合生产等合作。双方将优先与对方开展深度合作。

中电科29所是我国最早建立、专业从事电子战技术研究、装备型号研制和生产的国家一类系统工程研究所,多年来一直承担着国家重点工程、国家重大基础、国家重大安全等工程任务,能够设计开发和生产陆、海、空、天、弹等各种平台的电子信息系统装备。中电科29所和中电科14所(国睿科技大股东)、中电科38所(四创电子大股东)齐名。海特高新通过控股嘉石科技进入高端半导体集成电路芯片研制领域,我们判断嘉石科技产品前期将主要应用于29所高端电子装备中,是“中国制造2025”中新一代信息技术领域重点发展的集成电路及专用装备,事关国防信息安全,具有极高的战略地位和重要性;未来市场前景看好。

嘉石科技注册资本10.49亿元,位于成都市双流县西南航空港经济开发区物联网产业园区内;海特高新和四威电子(29所全资子公司,29所民品产业母公司,工信部卫星导航应用系统标准工作组成员)分别占股52.91%、36.61%。海特高新处于控股地位,该项目是民企和央企(军工企业)混合所有制中民企控股的典范。

根据《成都嘉石科技有限公司6 吋第二代/第三代半导体集成电路芯片生产线项目环境影响报告书》,该项目总投资达20.92亿元。四川省经济和信息化委员会已经把本项目列为四川省战略性新兴产业支持项目。

嘉石科技6吋第二代/第三代半导体集成电路芯片用于微波毫米波频段尖端电子装备、军事应用和电机驱动器的高功率电子应用、无线通信基站、高频卫星通信、智能手机及无线通信等。嘉石科技详细情况请参见附件。

(四)参股设立大洋通用,探索通航混合所有制

通过子公司海特亚美和昆明飞安,以自有资金1.24亿元参股投资设立大洋通用航空有限公司(以下简称“大洋通用”),取得大洋通用31%的股权。大洋通用经营范围包括飞行私商照培训、航空器租赁托管、运营等各类通用航空服务业务,股东除海特亚美和昆明飞安外,还包括中航工业昌飞、江西凯文科技、江西天祥通航、中亚置业集团和江西军工思波通用航空服务等。根据协议,大洋通用董事会由7名董事组成,海特亚美和昆明飞安将各推荐一名董事;此外,大洋通用财务负责人将由海特亚美推荐。

参股设立大洋通用是公司在通用航空领域混合所有制的一次有力探索,也是公司军民深度融合的又一进展。大洋通用各股东方具备良好的行业资源和资金实力,将有效发挥各自资源优势,促进大洋通用良好发展。同时,公司进一步深化通航产业布局,将优化公司航空产业链,提升盈利能力,拓展公司通航产业发展空间。

(五)航空维修:大飞机整机大修、公务机/直升机/发动机维修获突破

公司传统航空维修业务主要为机载设备、涡轴发动机维修两大业务,处于国内领先地位。2014年,公司航空维修业务在深度和广度两个方向上的拓展均取得明显成效,业务范围覆盖运输飞机、通用飞机、直升机整机维修、发动机维修和部附件维修以及技术服务。

天津海特作为国内第一批民营干线飞机整机大修平台(之前国内以外资合资为主导),目前已完成第一期项目建设。目前公司天津基地2个机库已经投产,可同时维修2-3架A320/B737系列飞机及3架公务机。2015年1月,天津海特顺利完成吉祥航空B-9978 & B-9957两架A320系列飞机首次定检维修工作。公司已经取得CAAC颁发的空客A320机型4C检维修许可证,正积极向CAAC申请A320机型8C检维修许可。

未来公司天津基地二期、三期工程完工后,预计将形成5个机库,可同时进行9架A320/B737飞机、4架公务机、两架宽体机(B747/B777等)深度定检业务,将成为国内规模宏大,配套设施完善的第三方飞机维修基地。

此外,公司参股公司四川飞机维修工程有限公司2015将实现规模生产并盈利。公司与四川航空集团、香港飞机工程有限公司、厦门太古飞机工程有限公司共同组建的四川飞机维修工程有限公司,为国内专门从事空客飞机大修与改装基地。公司是其第二大股东,随着二期工程投资完成,2015将实现规模生产并盈利。

我们判断未来公司整机维修业务将获得大发展(部分机型大飞机整机大修一次约8000万元,航空维修业务通常毛利率50%以上)。

在航空维修广度上,公司涉及公务机、直升机、航空发动机、APU等多机种、多装备维修。

(1)公务机维修:天津宜捷海特通用航空服务有限公司是公司与全球第三大公务机服务商瑞士宜捷合资成立的专业通用航空服务公司,2014年正式运营后,已完成64架次支线飞机、公务机定检维修以及航线维护任务。

(2)直升机维修:基地位于天津的天津翔宇航空维修工程有限公司为经中国民航批准专业从事米-17系列直升机大修的公司。天津翔宇将在2015年恢复运营,将与新的合作伙伴时代翼天公司加大合作力度,充分发挥该公司在俄罗斯直升机领域的资源优势,陆续恢复扩大米系列直升机和卡型直升机维修生产能力,并积极拓展直九、直八、EC-135等直升机维修能力。

(3)航空发动机、辅助动力装置(APU)维修:业务稳定增长,2014年完成近百台发动机和辅助动力装置的大修和检测工作,并继续推进航空发动机维修能力建设工作,公司已经开展三种新的型号航空发动机维修能力开发工作。作为国家部委批准的航空发动机维修基地,公司已经建成了包括美国GE、法国赛峰、加拿大普惠、美国HONEYWELL、捷克PBS等制造厂生产的7个系列的20余种型号的发动机和辅助动力装置(APU)大修能力,是捷克PBS公司授权的大修基地;拥有经过加拿大普惠标定的发动机综合试车台,拥有按美国HONEYWELL、美国汉盛标准建设的辅助发动机试车台,可为直-8、直-9、直-19、米-171、运-12等提供发动机维修改装,可为B737、米-171等提供辅助发动机维修。

(六)进军飞机拆解、飞机后市场,市场潜力巨大

2015年上半年,天津海特承担了首架境外飞机在天津的拆解工作。本次拟拆解的飞机为北京集安航空资产管理公司从国外购买的有27年机龄的B767客机,飞机零部件将在拆除后进行翻修和重新利用,完成时间为3个月。7月6日,飞机在停机位进行了交接仪式。

天津海特飞机工程公司主要从事大飞机、公务机整机深度大修业务,是公司大飞机整机维修业务载体;已经获大飞机整机大修资质,于2014年11月开业。本次拆解任务的开展标志着公司正式进入飞机后市场,是天津海特继取得民航飞机整机大修、公务机大修并筹备直升机维修资质之后的又一里程碑。我们认为,天津海特维修业务未来将进一步多元化,公司向大飞机整机维修的战略升级将稳步落地。

在航空运输业发展迅速的今天,退役飞机的处置问题日渐突出。据了解,由于没有专业的拆解基地,中国的退役飞机基本都要到美国进行拆解处置。根据部分媒体报道,我国在航线执飞的飞机200多架,每年以进口300架的数量递增;每年退役飞机80-100架左右,以后退役飞机的数量还将逐年增加。如果考虑到海外飞机拆解市场,则市场更大。

根据媒体报道,在国际航空市场,循环使用二手零部件是普遍模式,一般来说,一架总价5000万美元的飞机,到使用期限后,回收价格为十分之一,即500万美元左右,拆解后,进入零件市场,可卖出1000万美元。更重要的是拉动周边产值,如物流、维修等,将创造企业产值的10倍至20倍。

拆解飞机可以增加航材,减少航材备件压力,从而产生较大的经济效益。未来中国不排除成为全球飞机拆解、航材交易基地,飞机拆解、飞机后市场潜力巨大。

(七)航空培训:形成昆明、新加坡、天津三大航空培训基地布局

公司航空培训业务布局于昆明、新加坡、天津三大航空培训基地。多领域(运输航空、通用航空)、多机种(干线飞机、通用飞机、直升机)覆盖国内外航空培训市场。

2014年底公司新加坡基地已建成,首批2台模拟机已经安装调式完毕,2015年将正式投入运营,将拓展东南亚及西亚地区航空培训市场。新加坡航空培训基地是公司践行“一带一路”国家战略的优质成果,也是国内航空产业重要的海外投资项目,目前公司已初步完成海内海外的航空培训市场布局,公司在航空培训市场竞争力和占有率将进一步提升,综合实力将得以增强。

2014年公司在天津空港保税区投资建设天津飞安,布局华北航空培训市场,建成后将具备7-10台模拟机运行能力(包括A320、B737和EC-135直升机D级模拟机),其中EC-135直升机D级模拟机是该机型国内首台高级别模拟机。

公司航空培训业务目前昆明飞安共运营5台模拟机,包括2台D级A320飞行模拟机、3台B737机型全动模拟机。目前公司新加坡基地2台模拟机已经到位,还有昆明基地1台、天津基地EC-135型直升机模拟机1台在购途中,预计新的4台模拟机将在2015年开始贡献业绩。公司新加坡航空培训基地计划投资5.8亿元,至2014年6月已投入1.2亿元。2015年1月,海特新加坡飞行训练中心B737-800W和A320-200两台全动飞行模拟机顺利通过中国民航总局和新加坡民航局初始鉴定。

未来公司还将航空培训业务从民航拓展至直升机领域。2013年6月,公司发布公告购买EC-135型直升机飞行模拟机及其附属设备,总计价格不超过1000万欧元,已签订购买意向合同书。公司直升机培训业务将放在天津基地。

我们判断公司规划模拟机数量未来可达到20台的规模(昆明6台左右,新加坡6台左右、天津7-10台)。如果每台模拟机平均每天运作20小时,每小时按照3000元(或者400-500美元/小时)计算,如果按照80%左右的利用率,则每台模拟机收入接近1800万元,公司航空培训业务毛利率在50%左右。

未来公司航空培训业务如果达到20台模拟机,仅模拟机航空培训业务收入(不计乘务员培训等其他业务)即可达到3.6亿元。

(八)航空融资租赁:飞机整机、发动机、航材融资租赁业务即将突破

公司航空租赁业务未来将覆盖大飞机整机、发动机、航材的租赁业务。

2013年公司出资设立四川海特租赁有限公司,开始涉足航空租赁服务业务。2014年7月,公司被商务部、国家税务总局批准为全国第十二批内资融资租赁试点企业,该项业务有利于公司优化航空服务商业模式,实现航空产业多元化发展,并整合资源,向综合航空技术服务方向发展,达到促进公司航空主营业务发展的目的。目前公司航空融资租赁服务业务正按计划推进,飞机整机、发动机、航材的租赁业务架构初步形成。

(九)募集16.6亿发展新型航空动力ECU等主业

公司已完成定增事项,增发价为20元,共发行8282万股,募集资金总额16.6亿元,新增股票已于9月2日上市。公司将拓展航空动力控制系统研制能力等。

本次发行的募集资金项目为“天津海特飞机维修基地2号维修机库建设项目”、“新型航空动力控制系统的研发与制造项目”、“新型航空发动机维修技术开发和产业化项目”、“天津飞安航空训练基地建设项目”和“补充流动资金”。

3.投资建议

预计15-17年EPS为0.16/0.36/0.56元,PE为114/51/33倍,预计公司明后年业绩将高速增长。公司军品占比已经超过50%,预计未来公司估值将向国睿科技、四创电子、中航动控、中直股份等靠拢;维持“推荐”评级。

风险提示:军品交付时间不确定性、直升机绞车和新型号ECU量产时间的不确定性、增发股本增厚摊薄业绩、整合风险。

天奇股份:并购落地,汽车后市场正式发力

类别：公司研究 机构：广发证券股份有限公司 研究员：罗立波,刘芷君 日期：2015-10-26

公司发布公告,经中国证监会上市公司并购重组审核委员会审核,公司发行股份购买资产并募集配套资金暨关联交易事项获得无条件通过。

并购落实拆解全产业链布局,汽车后市场正式发力。本次收购宜昌力帝100%股权和宁波回收66.5%股权正式落地,公司在汽车拆解后市场领域“三大回收中心+两大拆解中心+两大运营平台”全产业链布局开始成型,此次并购落地,明年拆解板块三大公司将集体并表,考虑明年业绩承诺及各自持股比例(宜昌力帝明年承诺净利润为4700万元,持股100%;苏州再生承诺2000万元;持股70%,宁波回收约为2000万元,持股66.5%),随着自动化拆解能力加强,后市场明年将会对业绩形成显著支撑。

黄标车淘汰政策,加速拆解窗口期来临。截至9月,全国黄标车淘汰量为82万辆,未达预期。目前环保部加大了对黄标车淘汰的政策力度,环保部等五部门联合发文推进黄标车淘汰政策,实行每月通报淘汰量制度。黄标车淘汰将会在未来1-2年内加速,废旧汽车回收拆解量也会迎来短期峰值。

主业订单充足,明年主业向上预期强烈。公司主业汽车物流自动化装备业务目前在手订单充足,同比超过30%,考虑其确认周期和今年基数,明年主业有望实正增长。加上公司自动化仓储业务在电商、医药、冷链等领域的突破,明年主业向上预期强烈。

投资建议:我们预测公司2015-2017年营业收入为1,999、2,573和2,882百万元,EPS分别为0.21、0.37和0.46元。公司在汽车自动化物流装备领域具有突出优势,在智能仓储系统和汽车拆解市场具有良好的产业布局,结合业绩和估值情况,我们维持公司“买入”评级。

风险提示:汽车自动化装备需求受汽车销量和投资影响的不确定性;黄标车淘汰政策执行具有不确定性;废钢价格波动对于拆解业务利润影响较大。

厦工股份:抢占一带一路核心区域,中航参股进军军工

类别：公司研究 机构：国金证券股份有限公司 研究员：后立尧 日期：2015-04-08

事件。

一带一路愿景与行动文件正式发布,基础设施互联互通优先启动。文件确定将以福建和新疆作为中亚欧海上丝绸之路核心区,广西和云南则分别是门户和辐射区域。同期,在亚投行不断扩围和博鳌亚洲论坛召开的双重催化作用下,“一带一路”区域发展概念不断强化。

3月30日晚,央行、住建部、银监会联合下发《关于个人住房贷款政策有关问题的通知》,为改善性需求的个人住房贷款下调了首付款比例至不低于40%。同一时间,财政部和国家税务总局联合下发《关于调整个人住房转让营业税政策的通知》,大幅度减免了对部分符合条件的住房对外销售的营业税征收。随着房地产松绑政策接踵而至,住房改善性需求迎来重大利好。

公司业绩预告2014年年度经营业绩与上年同期相比,将出现扭亏为盈,预计实现归属于上市公司股东的净利润为0到1,000万元;公司2014年度累计收到政府补助共47,648.56万元,导致营业外收入有较大增幅。

评论。

海上丝绸之路核心区工程机械企业,海外建组装厂迎合一带一路:21世纪海上丝绸之路规划的重点方向是从中国沿海港口过南海到印度洋,延伸至欧洲,以及从中国沿海港口过南海到南太平洋。现已确定将福建和新疆打造为21世纪海上丝绸之路核心区。厦门区域优势明显,厦工股份地处一路一带核心区福建厦门,目前出口业务占比15%。公司已在巴基斯坦建立了组装厂,为迎合一路一带和福建自贸区建设奠定了良好基础,是工程机械设备出口首选标的。

粤津闽自贸区总体方案通过,厦门市国资委重点扶持:3月24日,中共中央总书记习近平主持召开中共中央政治局会议,审议通过广东、天津、福建自由贸易试验区总体方案、进一步深化上海自由贸易试验区改革开放方案。自贸区第二季发令枪打响,福建自贸区备受海内外的瞩目,预计两大方案正式文本将在近期内面世,自贸区挂牌也正式进入倒计时阶段。厦工股份是厦门市国资委重点扶持的制造业企业,就规模而言,公司目前在业内处于第二梯队位置,公司的主营产品装载机占收入60%左右,在国内市场份额约16%,居行业前三水平。2010年包括公司在内的9家中国工程机械制造商进入全球工程机械50强。

中航工业参股,军民融合典范:中航工业拥有工程机械产品核心零部件液压技术的研发能力,中航工业参股厦工股份,以其作为产业发展平台,凭借其技术研发实力,提升工程机械产品的技术水平,延伸“四轮一带”等工程机械关键零部件产业,同时打造航空维修及机电基地,进军军工领域大大提升公司在国内工程机械领域的核心竞争力。公司目前正在做产权划转,实际控制人可能会变更为中航工业,成为中航工业系统内军民融合的典范。中航工业的入驻将加强公司军工背景,在习总书记要求加快构建适应履行使命要求的装备体系大背景下,公司估值水平有望提高。

政策松绑推动房地产投资回暖,期待2015年出现业绩反转:基础设施建设投资中,设备投入主要在工程机械。由于我国固定资产投资,尤其是房地产投资增速的放缓,导致起重机、挖掘机、装载机等工程机械主要产品的下游购买力持续下降,公司业绩一度陷入低谷。公司年度业绩预告称,公司2014年净利润与上年同期相比出现了扭亏为盈,但主要来源于政府补助476.48百万元的营业外收入,业绩并未出现根本性好转。

随着房地产松绑政策接踵而至,住房改善性需求迎来重大利好。房地产调控政策的放开将有助于房地产新建项目开工量上升,从而拉动设备市场需求逐步回暖。由此判断,工程机械有望受益于一带一路帮助消化过剩产能以及国内地产投资复苏的双重利好,预计今年设备销量降幅将趋于收窄,产业持续去库存去杠杆化的情况也将在二季度将得到明显改善。我们期待工程机械行业在二、三季度能出现实质性的业绩反转。

展望未来几年,工程机械行业或仍存在的市场保有量较大、产能过剩、竞争加剧等问题,市场洗牌和优胜劣汰的格局难以避免。一部分龙头企业将充分受益“一带一路”,在竞争格局变化中处于有利地位。公司主营业务装载机的市占率位居行业前列,规模化效应显现。预计随着海内外基建投资回暖,公司主营业务销售情况也将随工程机械市场需求整体企稳。

投资建议。

我们首次对公司进行盈利预测,预测2015/2016年归属于母公司的净利润为0.89、2.11亿元,EPS分别为0.09、0.22元(考虑摊薄后),给予“买入”评级,年内目标价17.7元。

川大智胜中报点评:图像新业务实现销售,多元化发展推动增长

类别：公司研究 机构：国海证券股份有限公司 研究员：代鹏举 日期：2015-08-28

事件:公司中报发布,实现营业总收入8257.2万元,较上年同期增长22.30%;实现营业利润1501.8万元,较上年同期增长65.79%。预计2015年1-9月归属于上市公司股东的净利润变动区间1840.3至2208.4万元。

业绩增长符合预期,期待军航空管大单落地。公司扣非后净利润同比增长79.8%。在积极推广新产品的背景下,管理费用和销售费用同比没有出现大幅增长。公司营业收入和利润增长符合一季报预测。空管自动化项目毛利率超过48%。全年净利润增长预计最高为500%,主要决定于2013年中标2.38亿空管自动化项目落地。根据以往军队招标项目的经验,我们认为项目中标已有两年,今年落地可能性大。

多元化发展,图像新产品有望成为业绩增速器。1、新产品管制员体验飞行模拟机和D级飞行模拟机视景系统均已实现销售或中标。未来随着国内通用航空开放和兴起,国内飞行员培训市场空间巨大。2、大型全景互动体验系统已签订首份合同,采用了公司的高清LED立体显示、全景互动体验节目和多项图形图像技术等,未来将在国内教育和科普行业推广。3、基于全景视频融合的新一代机场场面活动智能监控和管理系统正在积极建设和销售。公司图像类的新产品具有超过65%的高毛利率和广阔的市场空间,未来有望成为新动力源。

三维人脸识别正在装机测试,未来产业化空间无限。公司采用英特尔公司的低成本传感器,成功开发出国内第一套三维人脸识别系统,并在2015年英特尔信息技术峰会展示。该三维人脸识别系统实现了成本大幅降低和体积大幅减小。公司三维人脸识别技术是有别于传统二维识别,技术独特优势明显。未来三维人脸识别将会像指纹识别、条型码和RFID等识别技术一样,广泛应用于国防军事、公共安全、信息安全、金融支付安全等领域。未来基于国家安全考虑,三维人脸设备和基础软件要求全套国产化。公司最早进入该领域并占据技术优势。未来随着市场放量,三维识别技术产业化将有望给公司带来巨大的效益。

看好公司未来,维持“增持”评级。公司拥有高壁垒、高毛利率的空管自动化核心业务,业绩稳定高增长。我们看好公司当前多元化发展的未来。重点布局图形图像业务,部分新业务逐步发力。未来三维人脸识别产业化空间巨大。预计2015~2017年EPS为0.33、0.54、0.79元,对应的PE为82、50、35倍,维持“增持”评级。

风险提示:公司新产品不达预期,空管项目延迟或中止。

通达动力:靴子终落地,全力转型军工信息化和自动化,未来将成为核心军品公司

类别：公司研究 机构：安信证券股份有限公司 研究员：邹润芳,王书伟 日期：2015-04-22

业绩符合预期,一季度净利润大幅增长。

公司2014年实现营业收入10.52亿元,同比增长14.62%,实现归属于母公司的净利润-1659.5万元,同比减少263%;EPS为-0.1元,业绩符合预期。净利润大幅减少,主要原因为公司毛利率下降及计提资产减值损失所致。

公司2015年一季度实现1.75亿元,同比减少27.86%,实现归属母公司净利润为117万元,同比增长83.61%,符合预期。

传统主业盈利能力下降,15年有望触底反弹。

公司2014年综合毛利率为12.84%,较去年同期下降2.4个百分点,毛利率下降主要原因为行业整体仍旧面临产能过剩、产品价格下降。

公司积极推动传统主业升级,将通过减员增效、调节产品结构提升业绩,另外公司江苏富松模具、江苏和传电气有限公司的新工厂均已顺利投产,新产业打造新的长期增长点,15年传统主业有望触底反弹。

全力转型军工信息化和自动化,将成为核心军品公司。

公司持续推进军工信息化和智能化装备转型。已经签订取得深圳市亿威尔信息技术股份有限公司60%股权意向书,进军雷达和信息安全市场,如顺利收购将成为公司发展军工信息化的主要平台;在天津成立天津通达达尔力科技有限公司,以“火炮多功能维护保养单元”和“轻型装甲快速处突车”两项技术为突破口进军陆军和武警车辆市场,并作为公司发展军工智能化主要平台。未来公司仍将通过收购兼并和技术整合等方式执行军工信息化和智能化核心发展战略。

投资建议:买入-A投资评级,6个月目标价40元。我们预计公司2015年-2017年的EPS分别为0.35、1、1.25元,公司坚定转型军工信息化及自动化,将通过收购兼并等方式持续推进转型。

风险提示:转型不达预期,业绩大幅下滑

亚星锚链:全球锚链龙头业绩拐点显现,手持12亿现金将积极开辟第二主业

类别：公司研究 机构：中国银河证券股份有限公司 研究员：王华君,陈显帆 日期：2015-04-29

1.事件.

公司发布2014 年年报和2015 年一季报。2014 年公司实现收入15.28亿元,同比增长8.46%,实现归属于上市公司股东的净利润2988 万元,同比上升4734 万元,EPS 为0.06 元。公司分红预案为每10 股送0.5 元转增10 股,派发现金股利0.50 元(含税)。

2015 年第一季度公司实现营业收入4.15 亿元,同比增长8.46%,实现归属于上市公司股东的净利润3083 万元,下滑3.65%,EPS 为0.07 元。

2.我们的分析与判断.

(一)业绩拐点已现符合预期,持续增长有保障.

公司此前已发布2014 年度业绩预告,实际业绩符合预期。公司海工业务收入占比提升4.6pct,公司盈利能力随之持续增长,2015 年第一季度综合毛利率达到23.31%,为近四年最高水平,同比提升1.6pct。

公司2015 年度计划完成营业收入16.5 亿。公司2014 年承接订单19.22 亿元,同比上升6.6%,截至2014 年12 月31 日公司在手订单15.16亿元,同比增长19.8%,公司2015 年业绩持续增长有保障。

(二)海工系泊链全球一流,征服全球前5 大客户.

公司海工系泊链产品结构不断升级,2014年毛利率同比大增8.64pct。

2014 年公司实现海工系泊系统连接件产量2000 吨,2015 年计划将产量提高到4000 吨;超高级别R6 系泊链研发已进入中试阶段;公司参与研制的“超深水半潜式钻井平台研发与应用”项目获得了2014 年度国家科学技术进步特等奖。公司正积极向系泊系统连接件以外的附件产品延伸。

公司在全球前五大海洋石油公司中已获得四家(法国道达尔公司、挪威国家石油公司、荷兰皇家壳牌集团、巴西国家石油公司)供应商资格认证,美孚石油也计划在5 月对公司进行考察认证,公司在海洋系泊链及附件领域已经达到全球一流水平;海工装备行业短期承压中长期向好,公司系泊链业务将持续发展,并进一步提升在海工领域市场占有率。

(三)手持现金近12 亿元,将积极开辟第二主业.

公司目前手持现金近12 亿元。公司此前购置的约14 万平方米土地,除了公司之前IPO 募投项目年产3 万吨超高强度R5 海洋系泊链技术改造项目的剩余部分项目外,我们判断仍有较多富余,具备充足的外延式发展条件。公司明确提出“将积极开辟第二主业,计划在未来两到三年内确定,以进一步提升公司规模及竞争力”。我们判断公司不排除以外延方式实现第二主业的开拓。

3.投资建议.

预计公司2015 年将有3357 万元坏账准备冲回,2015-2017 年业绩将实现较快增长,业绩弹性大,未来不排除外延式发展。预计2015-2017 年EPS 为0.32/0.39/0.47 元,PE 为50/42/35 倍。剔除在手12 亿元现金后公司市值仅64 亿元,PB 仅2.3 倍,具有较好的安全边际,维持“推荐”评级。风险因素:船舶锚链复苏低于预期;油价持续下跌;外延式发展低于预期。

利君股份:拟收购成都三航持续加码军工业务,复牌5交易日内增持不低于2.86亿元

类别：公司研究 机构：中国银河证券股份有限公司 研究员：王华君 日期：2015-09-09

1.事件。

公司公告拟收购成都三航机电有限责任公司(以下简称:“成都三航”)股权,公司股票自9月8日起复牌。

根据公司之前的公告,公司控股股东、实际控制人及其一致行动人等股东复牌5交易日内增持不低于2.86亿元。

2.我们的分析与判断。

(一)拟收购成都三航,持续加码军工业务。

本次拟收购的成都三航主营业务包括航空航天设备生产、研发、航空飞行器外挂装置等;拥有《军工产品质量体系认证证书》、《三级保密资格单位证书》、《武器装备科研生产许可证》、《装备承制单位注册证书》等生产经营所需的相关资质。公司的飞机通用挂架项目被列入2014年成都市战略性新兴产品研发补贴立项项目,公司同时被认定为2015年成都市企业技术中心。

根据公司公告,成都三航2014年度实现营业总收入0.72亿元,净利润0.27亿元,净利润率达到37.5%,盈利能力较强。公司已基本完成了对成都三航收购的前期准备工作,正就交易方案等与成都三航股东进行沟通谈判。如果本次收购成功,一方面有望提升公司整体盈利能力,另一方面有望与此前公告将收购的德坤航空产生协同效应,为公司带来新的利润增长点。

(二)复牌5交易日内增持不低于2.86亿元。

根据公司之前的公告,公司控股股东、实际控制人、董事长何亚民先生及其一致行动人、副董事长何佳女士拟于公司申请股票复牌交易当日起的五个交易日内通过深圳证券交易所证券交易系统按竞价的方式合计增持市值不低于2.5亿元的资金购买公司股票。

公司股东、副董事长、总经理魏勇先生拟于公司股票复牌之日起五个交易日内通过深圳证券交易所证券交易系统按竞价的方式增持市值不低于0.36亿元的资金购买公司股票。

上述3人目前持有公司总股本的80.45%。根据维护公司股价稳定方案的公告,上述3人承诺:自2015年7月7日起12个月内,不减持所持有利君股份的股份,不转让或者委托他人管理其持有利君股份的股份。

(三)在手现金充裕,将加快转型军工,有望成军民融合典范。

公司此前公告将以3.7亿元现金收购德坤航空100%股权。德坤航空是中航工业成飞最主要的结构件外协加工制造企业之一;产品应用于多型号军用飞机、大型运输机、无人机、导弹等,并为各大型客、货机及国内支线飞机(ARJ项目)、中国商飞C919等提供配套产品。

公司在手现金13.4亿元,大股东及一致行动人拥有上市公司65%的股份,公司有望打造军工业务整合重要平台。2014年9月公司公告拟参股明日宇航(新研股份并购标的,国内著名航空航天配套零部件制造商)。我们认为公司锁定转型军工领域,且收购标的均非常优秀。

我们判断公司跟踪项目丰富,未来可能持续加快转型军工领域,具备收购规模较大、业绩较好的军工业务的潜力,将成为军民融合典范。

(四)节能环保装备小巨人,盈利能力强。

公司为水泥、矿山粉磨系统龙头企业,盈利能力突出,现金创造能力强,综合毛利率多年保持在50%左右,净利润率多年超35%。公司老业务水泥辊压机市场份额稳居全球第一。新业务矿山辊磨机能够降低电耗和金属消耗,大幅减少水污染,属于国家重点鼓励发展的节能降耗和环保类产品。预计矿山辊磨机未来将获得较好发展。

3.投资建议。

不考虑外延,预计15-17年EPS为0.36/0.39/0.40元,PE为71/66/64倍;考虑德坤航空,预计15-17年备考EPS为0.45/0.51/0.58元,PE为57/50/45倍。公司估值有望向军工股靠拢(军工股2015年平均PE接近80倍)。我们判断公司未来将持续加码军工业务,业绩有望实现较大提升,估值有望向军工股靠拢,维持推荐。风险提示:水泥设备需求萎缩、矿山市场开拓进度低于预期、转型军工进度低于预期。

宗申动力:小贷业务稳步推进,无人机量产在即

类别：公司研究 机构：华金证券有限责任公司 研究员：张仲杰 日期：2015-06-19

投资要点

摩托车发动机行业周期性调整: 2014年公司摩托车发劢机业务销售收入27.4亿元,增长1.68%,目前中小型摩托车发劢机业务基本在微利状态,大排量三轮摩托车小幅增长,四轮车市场正在启劢。农村市场还是能够保持较大的销售觃模,估计公司2015年收入降幅在5%左右。电劢车是未来转型方向,2015年态势较好,销量估计会有大幅增长。

通用机械业务保持增长态势:通用机械2014年销售额12.3亿元,同比增长30%,公司销量增加主要得益于出口,小型通机在美国有较大的市场,随着美国天然气产量的增长,以电劢机作为劢力的通用机械的市场正在培育之中。这块业务发展态势明确,我们预计该项业务2015年增速在20%以上。

小贷公司业务稳步推进:为充分利用宗申集团及公司上下游产业链资源,同时控制风险,公司小额信贷业务80%业务围绕产业链开展,例如集团宠户的应收款,在回款之前提供信贷,风险可控。后续公司也计划在小贷公司的基础上逐步扩张,开展保理、P2P、股权投资等,未来觃模可望做到300亿元左右。目前该业务发展较好,盈利增长较快,未来有望成为公司四大业务支柱之一。

销售服务市场模式创新:左师傅公司有575家直营、合资不加盟连锁门店,初步形成了“售后服务+零配件销售”的商业模式,以之为基础,幵利用天猫和淘宝互联网平台,积极销售各类终端产品,2014年净利润同比增长152%。公司也在尝试介入汽车后市场服务,不互联网公司合作在重庆开设2家门店,以点带面线上业务将有望快速开展。

无人机业务将成为新的增长点:公司最近不不青岛宏百川公司共同出资5,000万元设立重庆宗申天翼航空科技有限公司,其中公司出资3,350万元占67%股权。目前公司正积极推迚宗项目公司的生产区域选址、生产线布局、机型选择、销售服务网络建设等相关工作。预计可于2015年9月实现小批量生产,青岛宏百川公司原股东承诺2015年至2017年宏百川公司实现的净利润累计丌低于1.325亿元。鉴于无人机业务的广阔市场前景,预计该项业务将成为公司新的增长点。

投资建议:我们预测2015年-2017年公司每股收益分别为0.41、0.51和0.71元。我们讣为公司小贷业务发展态势良好,无人机业务批量销售在即,公司由此形成新的业绩增长点,前景广阔。给予“买入-A”投资评级,6个月目标价为33.15元,对应2016年65倍PE。

风险提示:行业不公司基本面变化导致业绩丌达预期。

新研股份:收购明日宇航获批文,跨入高速发展新时期

类别：公司研究 机构：西南证券股份有限公司 研究员：庞琳琳 日期：2015-10-28

业绩总结:2015年前三季度,公司实现营业收入515.2百万元,同比增长12.44%,营业利润90.3百万元,同比增长3.58%,净利润85.5百万元,同比增长5.60%;每股收益0.095元。

农机主业运行平稳。2015年农机补贴一改持续增长的态势,同比减少1亿元,农机产品需求明显变弱,农机企业经营严峻。凭借过硬的产品质量,公司前三季度收入实现12.44%的增长。公司前三季度毛利率为34.12%,同比下降4.33个百分点,期间费用率14.95%,同比下降2.32个百分点(主要是销售费用率同比下降3.26个百分点);销售净利率为16.46%,同比微降1.21个百分点。

并购重组事项获证监会核准批复。2015年公司积极开展外延式并购,公司以发行股份及支付现金方式购买什邡市明日宇航工业股份有限公司100%股权,目前本次重大资产重组已获得中国证监会并购重组委审核通过,于2015年10月26日获得中国证监会核准批复。重组完成后,公司将成为农机、军工双主业上市公司,并将在农机、军工两个领域得到快速发展。

明日宇航为“民参军”最优标的,业绩存在超预期能力和动力。1、从产值角度,明日宇航目前所有产能投入可达到产值40亿+;2、从订单角度,配合主要机型的加速列装(军机订单进入释放期),军工订单将从2013-2014年的试制逐渐走向小批,具有高速成长潜能;3、从设备能力看,公司已形成了先进性、规模化的领先优势,并仍在不断扩大;4、净利润率看,公司毛利率维持稳中有升的态势,收购后公司航空航天零部件业务的财务费用将低于现在的11%,再考虑到技术提升、订单和产能释放带来的规模效应,净利率有望从目前的不到20%提高到25%以上。

盈利预测及评级:下表盈利预测仅考虑农机主业。明日宇航2015至2017年度业绩承诺为扣非净利润应达1.7亿元(+55.96%)、2.4亿元(+41.18%)和4.0亿元(66.67%),未来三年复合增长率55%,但我们认为公司2017年业绩超预期概率非常大,估算2017年有望达到7.35亿元,三年复合增长率超过86%。

公司收购明日宇航后,作为明确的民参军标的,在民参军大发展的预期背景下理应享有高估值,加之较明确的再并购预期,维持“买入”评级。

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