Category Archives: Asymmetric Warfare

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Cognitive Domain Warfare The New Main Chinese Battlefield for Language Confrontation

Leave a comment

認知領域戰爭：中國語言對抗的新主戰場

現代英語：

Cognitive domain warfare refers to the important form of public opinion propaganda, psychological attack and defense, winning people’s hearts, subverting confidence, influencing beliefs, fighting for thinking, and ideological struggle, guided by modern cognitive theory and science, calling on multi-domain means such as public opinion, psychology, and law, and using multi-dimensional technologies such as modern networks, media, text, pictures, videos, and numbers, aiming to fight for people’s initiative in thinking, beliefs, values, personal attitudes, emotions, identification, and judgment tendencies. Cognitive domain warfare is a complex collection of traditional public opinion warfare, psychological warfare, legal warfare, trade warfare, diplomatic warfare, scientific and technological warfare, ideological warfare, and other multi-domain warfare.

At present, cognitive domain warfare has become an important support for countries to carry out military struggles and struggles in other fields. Language confrontation driven by cognitive domain goals has become an important form of cognitive domain warfare and deserves high attention.

Language confrontation: a new area for exerting influence on combat targets

Cognitive domain operations are a result of the development of contemporary cognitive science research. They are an emerging field of operations that emerged after people actively explored the cognitive activities of the brain to gain a more complex, abstract and thorough understanding of the brain. They are also a high-end form of influence in language confrontation that targets the advanced, deep and hidden activities of the audience’s brain. Whether it is the object of information action, the producer of information, the information content itself or the channel of information, cognitive domain operations are all permeated with cognitive characteristics, and always emphasize taking action at the cognitive level.

In terms of the recipients of information, this cognition targets the deep cognitive aspects of the opponent’s audience, including its people, military, military commanders or important leaders, important figures in the political and business circles, and even directly includes the leaders of the other country or specific important generals of the army, etc. It can also be a specific group of people or the public. It can involve the cognitive preferences, cognitive shortcomings, cognitive habits, cognitive biases, and cognitive misunderstandings of individuals or groups; it can also be the beliefs, values, political identity, national identity, social and cultural identity, and emotional attitudes of individuals and groups.

From the perspective of the distributor and content of information, it should be infused with the cognitive design and arrangement of the information producer, which includes the unique cognition of the text, such as the discourse mode of the text, the narrative mode of the text, the observation perspective of things, the cognitive focus and depth of the narrative, the organization form of the sentence, the value concept and other tendencies of the sentence, the acceptability of the concept of the sentence to the other party, etc.

In terms of the channels for information issuance and dissemination, the form of text is closer to multimedia and multimodal forms, closer to the needs of cyberspace, closer to the advantages of contemporary smart phones, and closer to the characteristics of the current emerging media era, that is, it is more in line with the cognitive characteristics, cognitive habits and cognitive tendencies accepted by the audience. The dissemination form of text fully considers the cognitive effects in international communication, especially cross-cultural, cross-linguistic, cross-media and cross-group cognitive communication. In this way, the text will better influence the audience from a cognitive level.

Language confrontation responds to changes in combat styles and generates new tactics

Throughout human history, it is not difficult to find that the style of military struggle has been constantly changing. From the initial physical struggle with cold weapons to the contest of hot weapons and mechanical forces, and then to the balance and counter-balance of information capabilities under high-tech warfare conditions, in recent years, it has developed towards the intelligent decision-making competition in the direction of intelligence and unmanned. Each change has brought profound changes in tactics. In the current transitional stage of coexistence of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, people not only pay attention to the competition for dominance in the physical and information domains of the battlefield, but also pay more attention to the control of the cognitive domain that affects the main body of war, that is, the competition in the fields of thinking, cognitive patterns and styles, values, emotional attitudes, cultural models, communication patterns, psychological strengths and weaknesses, cognitive preferences, cultural and knowledge maps, and ideological identity of the personnel on both sides of the war. The latter involves the basic situation of social personnel and social existence, that is, the emerging field of cognitive domain warfare, and its tactics have strong particularity.

Flexibility of topics: Cognitive domain operations can select many topics in the cognitive domain and carry out flexible and flexible combat operations. According to the current situation and needs, topics can be selected from the relatively macroscopic strategic level (such as the ideology and system of the opponent’s entire society, etc.), the mesoscopic campaign level (such as social problems in the local field or direction of the opponent’s society: social welfare policy or environmental protection policy, etc.), and very microscopic tactical issues in society (such as the unfairness, injustice, and non-beautiful side of society reflected by a certain person or a specific event). Macro, meso, and micro cognitive domain issues are interconnected and transformed into each other. It is very likely that a microscopic topic will also become a major macroscopic strategic topic. The raising of issues depends on the relationship with the entire military operation. Cognitive domain operations should be subject to the overall combat operations and serve the needs of the macroscopic political and diplomatic situation. More importantly, topics should be prepared in peacetime, and data on various topics should be collected in peacetime, especially paying attention to various important data in the real society. Once needed, these data can be quickly transformed into arrows, bullets, and shells shot at the enemy’s cognitive domain, and even become strategic weapons that affect the overall situation.

Controllability of the operational level: The important design of cognitive operations is that it can be controlled and regulated as a whole at the operational level, and can be upgraded or reduced in dimension according to changes in the situation. If it is necessary at the strategic level, the commander can open the strategic level design and force investment; if it is necessary at the campaign level, it can also be controlled at the corresponding campaign level; if it is only necessary at the level of specific small problems, it can also be controlled at the corresponding niche local level, so that the entire action serves the needs of the overall combat operation. The strategic campaign tactics here refer more to operational design and force investment. Since the battlefield situation may change rapidly, some issues may also change at the level, with strategic issues affecting the effects of the campaign and tactical levels; some issues, due to the particularity of tactical issues, become campaign and strategic level issues that affect the overall situation.

Dominance of emerging media: The main influence channel of cognitive domain has shifted from traditional paper media and print media to emerging media. Traditional media mainly rely on single media, such as newspapers, magazines, books, flyers, posters, etc. to convey information; the emergence of television in the later period brought three-dimensional media. In the Internet era, especially the Internet 2.0 era and the birth of smart communication devices, people rely more on multi-media, multi-modal, short videos and short texts to convey information. The introduction of various advanced devices such as smart phones, smart tablets, smart players, and the birth of various emerging social software and tools have made emerging media the main tool for people to communicate and exchange. Emerging media, emerging social software and tools have become an important space for various forces to play games and struggle in social security, public opinion security, ideological security, social security and political security. Internet security, especially whether the security of new social media, emerging social software and tools can be mastered, is, to some extent, the key to whether a country’s cognitive domain can be secure. Information in emerging media tools and new media space has become the main battlefield, main position and main space for competition in cognitive operations of various countries. It is worth pointing out that ideas and theories that influence people’s cognition will become the most influential weapons at all levels of cognitive domain operations.

Language confrontation adapts to the intelligent era, cognitive computing enhances new computing power

In the era of artificial intelligence, based on the substantial improvement in big data analysis and application, supercomputing capabilities, intelligent computing capabilities, natural language processing capabilities, smartphone communication capabilities, and new generation network communication capabilities, humans have begun to accurately model and analyze language culture, psychological cognition, group emotions, and social behavior for the entire society, the entire network domain, local groups, local different groups, and specific individuals. In particular, people have a deep understanding and grasp of brain cognition, human brain thinking, thinking patterns, habitual preferences, image schemas, cognitive frameworks, and even neural networks, human-computer collaboration, and brain control technology. As long as there is enough diverse dynamic data, people can calculate and simulate all people’s psychological activities, emotional activities, cognitive activities, social opinions, and behavioral patterns. Through deep calculations, actuarial calculations, and clever calculations, people’s cognitive world can be accurately grasped, and a fine and profound control of people’s cognitive domain can be formed. This aspect also presents the following characteristics:

The dimensionality of computation: As an emerging field, all aspects of the cognitive domain can be digitized and made fully computable for all aspects of the entire process and all individuals. This can be achieved by widely collecting various types of information and then sorting out the information to form big data on the diverse factors of the opponent’s subjects. This will allow various computations to be conducted on the entire population, groups, between groups, and between individual data. As a result, all kinds of activities based on thinking, psychology, emotion, speech, behavior, etc. that were previously impossible to achieve can be completed, displayed, and accurately grasped through computation.

Cognitive nature of computation: computation in the cognitive domain reflects a strong cognitive nature. It can reveal more of the connections between things, events, and people that are difficult to observe with the naked eye. It can reveal the clustering and hierarchical relationships between concepts in the same event framework, and reflect the deep cognitive connections between concepts, whether explicit or implicit, direct or indirect. It reveals the complex conceptual network system between concepts, allowing people to see a deep cognitive world that completely transcends ordinary naked eye observation.

Intelligence of computation: The computation in cognitive domain also reflects strong intelligence. This intelligence is manifested in the fact that intelligent conclusions can be drawn through computation. For example, through the collection of a large amount of text and data mining, we can find the relationship between various topics, various viewpoints, various tendencies, various groups of people, various positions, and various demands that cannot be seen by human power, so as to form a more comprehensive, in-depth, accurate, and systematic understanding of a certain issue and make scientific and optimized decisions. Such decisions may be consistent with human intelligence, or they may surpass or even far exceed human intelligence. By making good use of the power of cognitive computing, especially by integrating the data of our country and the data of our opponents, we can better prevent, warn, and deploy in advance, and achieve the best, optimal, fastest, and most accurate strikes and counterattacks, and better reflect efficient, powerful, and targeted protection. Cognitive computing here is more about the possible reactions of a possible macro, meso, or micro topic in different groups of people, different time periods, and different backgrounds, in the entire network domain or a local network domain, or within a specific group, especially the analysis and inspection of the active and passive situations that both parties may present when playing games with opponents, and the attack and defense of cognitive domain.

New application of giving full play to the status of discourse subject and releasing the power of discourse

Cognitive domain operations have a very important support, that is, it mainly relies on language media to play a role, mainly exerts influence through the discourse level, mainly forms an implicit effect on the cognitive domain through the narrative of discourse, mainly exerts potential effects through cultural models, and exerts explicit or implicit effects through cross-cultural communication. It is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Uniqueness of textual discourse: The cognitive domain needs to be influenced by information. Although information may be presented through the special visual effects of video images, fundamentally speaking, the uniqueness of the discourse expressed by the text becomes the main support for producing cognitive influence. Among them, the mode of discourse expression, the skills of discourse expression, the main design of the persuasiveness and appeal of discourse expression, and especially the uniqueness of discourse narrative will be the key to influencing people’s cognition. This may include the perspective of the narrative, the theme and style of the narrative, the story framework of the narrative, the language innovation of the narrative, the key sentences of the narrative, the philosophical, humanistic, religious, social, natural and other feelings contained in the narrative, the identities of different participants in the narrative, the diversified evaluation of the narrative, the authenticity, depth and emotional temperature of the narrative, the subtle influence of the narrative on the viewpoint, the personal emotions, values, ideology, and position evaluation released by the narrative. The uniqueness of textual discourse is an important reliance for cognitive domain operations to exert cognitive influence through text. Making full use of the complexity of the text, giving play to the respective advantages of diverse texts, and giving play to the role of implicit and explicit cognitive influence of the text connotation have become the key to cognitive domain operations of textual discourse. The most important thing is to innovate the text discourse, win readers with newer words, more novel expressions, and more unique expressions, so that readers can understand and feel the ideas in the text imperceptibly, and accept the ideas of the text silently.

Potentiality of cultural models: In cognitive domain operations, we must deeply grasp the characteristics and models of different countries and national cultures. Different countries and different nationalities have different cultural models. Their philosophical thinking, traditional culture, religious beliefs, customs, and ways of thinking are all obviously different. Citizens of different cultures also have different national psychology and national cognitive models. They should also have typical cognitive preferences belonging to their own national culture, as well as corresponding shortcomings and weaknesses. Some of them obviously have a huge difference in understanding from other nationalities in their own country, and even misunderstandings and hostility. Therefore, cognitive domain operations at the cultural level are to grasp the overall cultural models of different countries, build cultural models of different groups in different countries, build different cognitive models of different countries on different things, and fully grasp the overall attitude and behavior of a country on a series of things and issues, especially for some typical cases, cultural taboos, religious requirements, spiritual pursuits, and overall concepts. With the help of existing theories and discoveries, we should comprehensively construct the basic performance of different groups of people in the cognitive field on some typical problems, sensitive problems, and important problems, so as to provide important reference and guidance for the next step of cognitive operations. Strengthening the study of the cultural patterns of different enemy personnel, especially military personnel, personnel in key positions, including the study and construction of the basic cultural characteristics and models of enemy generals, officers, soldiers, etc., such as the character’s psychological cognitive behavior and cultural model portrait, has become the core practice of cognitive domain operations. The cognitive analysis of ordinary enemy personnel, especially the general public, citizens, and specific groups, including special non-governmental organizations, is also of great value.

Cross-cultural strategic communication: Cognitive domain operations are international language and cultural communications, and need to follow the laws of international communication. We must grasp the basic paradigm of international communication, skillfully combine our own stories with international expressions, and skillfully combine the other party’s language and culture with our own stories and ideas; we must be good at combining different art forms, including text, pictures, paintings, music (sound), video and other means or multimodal means to achieve international communication of information. At the same time, we must coordinate multi-dimensional macro communication at the strategic level: we must use various means to carry out communication through military-civilian integration, military-civilian coordination, and military-civilian integration; in addition to non-governmental organizations, we must especially rely on civilian forces, experts, opinion leaders, and ordinary people to help the military carry out cognitive domain operations; we must unify the setting of topics, speak out in multiple locations and dimensions, form a strategic communication situation, and form a good situation for emergency solutions for major actions, major issues, and major crisis management, form a good public opinion atmosphere, create positive effects, and eliminate or extinguish adverse effects. In particular, we must establish a capable team that is proficient in foreign languages, understands cross-cultural skills, knows the laws of international communication, and can speak out skillfully on international multi-dimensional platforms. These people can usually conduct extensive topic perception, information collection and discussion, and use common or special topics to build personal connections and establish fan communities. More importantly, at critical moments, they can exert influence through their fan groups and complete strategic communication tasks.

At present, with the prevalence of hybrid warfare, multi-domain warfare and global warfare, cognitive domain warfare has become a common means of mixing and blending. The process of cognitive domain warfare from unfamiliarity, emerging, development to growth is also the advanced stage, complex stage and upgraded stage of the development of traditional public opinion warfare, psychological warfare and legal warfare. Its rise is more deceptive, ambiguous, concealed, embedded, implanted and unobservable, especially considering its deep integration with the entry of contemporary emerging media, and it is constantly learning and drawing on new ideas, new technologies and new means that integrate into multiple disciplines, cross-disciplines and cross-disciplinary disciplines. As a result, cognitive domain warfare has become a form of warfare that we must be highly vigilant and guard against. (Liang Xiaobo, professor and doctoral supervisor at the College of Arts and Sciences of the National University of Defense Technology)

[This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund Major Project “National Defense Language Capacity Building in the Perspective of National Defense and Military Reform”]

(Source: China Social Sciences Network)

(Editors: Chen Yu, Huang Zijuan)

現代國語：

認知域作戰指的是以現代認知理論和科學為指導，調用輿論、心理、法律等多域手段，運用現代網絡、傳媒、文字、圖片、視頻、數字等多維技術，開展輿論宣傳、心理攻防、人心爭取、信心顛覆、信仰影響、思維爭奪以及意識形態斗爭的重要形式，意在爭奪人們在思維、信仰、價值觀、個人態度、情感、認同與評判傾向方面主動權。認知域作戰是傳統輿論戰、心理戰、法律戰及貿易戰、外交戰、科技戰、思想戰等多域戰的復合集合體。

當前，認知域作戰已成為國家間開展軍事斗爭和其他領域斗爭的重要依托，認知域目標驅動的語言對抗已經成為認知域作戰的重要形式，值得高度關注。

語言對抗針對作戰對象施加影響的新領域

認知域作戰是當代認知科學研究發展的伴隨結果，是人們積極探索大腦認知活動獲得對大腦更為復雜更為抽象更為透徹的理解后產生的一種新興作戰領域，更是語言對抗以受眾大腦的高級深層隱性活動為作用對象的高端影響形式。不管是從信息作用的對象、信息的生產者、信息內容本身還是信息的渠道，認知域作戰都無不貫穿了認知的特點，自始至終都突出從認知層面開展行動。

從信息的接受對象來說，這個認知針對的是對手受眾大腦深層的認知方面，包括其民眾、軍隊、軍事指揮員或者重要領導、政界商界的重要人物，甚至直接包括對方國家領導人或者軍隊的特定重要將領等，也可以是特定的人群或者民眾。它可以涉及個人或者群體的認知偏好、認知短板、認知習慣、認知偏差、認知誤區﹔也可以是個人和群體的信仰、價值觀念、政治認同、民族認同以及社會和文化認同與情感態度。

從信息的投放者和內容來說，它應該是注入了信息生產者的認知設計和安排，這個包括文本的獨特認知性，比如文本的話語模式、文本的敘事模式、事物的觀察視角、敘事的認知焦點與深度、語句的組織形式、語句的價值觀念等傾向性、語句的概念的對方可接受性等。

從信息發出和傳播的渠道來說，文本的形式更加貼近多媒體多模態形式，更加貼近網絡空間的需要，更加貼近當代智能手機的優勢，更加貼近當下新興媒體時代的特點，也就是更加符合受眾接受的認知特點認知習慣和認知傾向。文本的傳播形式充分考慮國際傳播中的認知效果，特別是跨文化、跨語言、跨媒體、跨群體的認知傳播。如此，文本將會從認知層面，更好地對受眾施加影響。

語言對抗應對作戰樣式變革生成新戰法

縱觀人類歷史，我們不難發現，軍事斗爭的樣式一直在不斷變化。從最初的借助冷兵器的體力纏斗發展成為熱兵器機械力量的較量，又發展成為高科技戰爭條件下的信息化能力的制衡與反制衡，近年來又向著智能化無人化方向的智能決策比拼發展，每一次變革都帶來深刻的戰法變化。當下的機械化信息化智能化的共處過渡階段，人們不僅重視戰場的物理域和信息域主導權的爭奪，更重視影響戰爭主體——人的認知域的掌控，也就是作戰雙方人員的思維方式、認知模式與風格、價值觀念、情感態度、文化模型、溝通模式、心理強弱項、認知偏好、文化與知識圖譜、意識形態認同等領域的爭奪。后者涉及社會人員和社會存在的基本態勢，也就是認知域作戰施加影響的新興領域，其戰法有著強烈的特殊性。

議題靈活機動性：認知域作戰可挑選認知域的諸多議題，開展靈活機動的作戰行動。議題根據當下的情況與需要，既可以選擇涉及較為宏觀的戰略層面（如對方全社會的意識形態與制度等），也可以選擇中觀的戰役層面（如對方社會局部領域或方向的社會問題：社會福利政策或環境保護政策等），還可以選擇涉及社會中非常微觀的戰術問題（如某個人、某個具體事件所折射出的社會的非公平、非正義、非美好的一面）。宏觀、中觀、微觀的認知域問題相互聯系、相互轉化，很有可能一個微觀的議題也會成為一個宏觀的重大戰略性議題。而問題的提出要視與整個軍事行動的關系，要使認知域作戰服從於全局的作戰行動，服務於宏觀的政治、外交大局的需要。更為重要的是，議題要准備在平時，要把各種議題的數據收集在平時，特別是要關注現實社會中的各種重要數據。一旦需要，這些數據就可以迅速轉變為射向敵方認知域的箭頭、子彈、炮彈，甚至成為影響全局的戰略性武器。

作戰層次可控性：認知作戰其重要的設計是，在作戰的層面上，是整體可以控制的，也是可以調控的，可以根據形勢的變化，做出相應的升級或者降維。如果需要戰略層面的，指揮人員可以開通戰略層面的設計和力量投入﹔如果需要戰役級別的，也可以控制在相應戰役層面﹔如果僅僅需要是在特定的小問題層面，也可以將其控制在相應的小眾局域層面，使得整個行動服務於整體作戰行動的需要。這裡的戰略戰役戰術，更多的指的是作戰設計和力量的投入。由於戰場態勢可能瞬息萬變，有些議題也有可能在層級上發生變化，由戰略性的議題影響到戰役和戰術級的效果﹔有些議題，則由於戰術議題的特殊性，成為影響全局的戰役戰略級議題。

新興媒介主導性：認知域的主要影響渠道，已經從傳統的紙質媒體和平面媒體轉向了新興媒體。傳統媒介主要依靠單一媒介，如報紙、雜志、書籍、傳單、海報等來傳遞信息﹔后期電視的產生帶來了立體媒體。到了互聯網時代，特別是互聯網2.0時代和智能通訊設備的誕生，人們更加依靠多媒介、多模態以及短視頻、短文本的形式來傳遞信息。各種智能手機、智能平板、智能播放器等高級設備的推陳出新，各種新興社交軟件和工具的誕生，使得新興媒體成為當下人們開展溝通和交流的主要工具。新興媒體、新興社交軟件和工具已經成為當下各種力量在社會安全、輿論安全、意識形態安全、社會安全和政治安全展開博弈和斗爭的重要空間。互聯網安全，特別是能否掌握住新型的社交媒體、新興社交軟件和工具等的安全，在某種程度上說，是一國認知域能否安全的關鍵。新興媒體工具和新型媒體空間的信息已經成為各個國家認知作戰的主戰場、主陣地和主要爭奪空間。值得指出的是，左右人們認知的思想和理論將成為認知域作戰各層面的最為有影響力的武器。

語言對抗適應智能時代認知計算增強新算力

人工智能時代，在大數據分析與運用、超級計算能力、智能計算能力、自然語言處理能力、智能手機傳播能力以及新一代網絡通信能力大幅提高的基礎上，人類已經開始可以對全社會、全網域、局部群體、局部不同群體以及特定個體開展精准的語言文化、心理認知、群體情感、社會行為建模和分析。特別是人們對大腦認知、人腦思維、思維模式、習慣偏好、意象圖式、認知框架、乃至神經網絡、人機協同、腦控技術等的深刻認識和把握，隻要有足夠多樣化的動態數據，人們就可以把人們的心理活動、情感活動、認知活動、社會輿論以及行為方式等全部計算模擬出來，通過深算、精算、妙算，可以精准地把握人們的認知世界，形成對人們認知域的精細和深刻的掌控。這方面又呈現以下特征：

計算的全維性：認知域作為一個新興領域，其涉及的方方面面都可以被數據化並實現全方位全過程全個體可計算，可以通過廣泛的收集各類型信息，經過信息梳理進而可體現為關於作戰對手主體因素多樣化的大數據，從而可以就此開展面向全體、群體、群體之間以及個體數據及其之間的各種計算，由此，以往無法實現的基於思維、心理、情感、言論、行為等方面的各種活動都可以通過計算來完成、展示和精准把握。

計算的認知性：認知域的計算體現了了強烈的認知性，它更多地可以揭示各種事物、事件、人物之間的難以用肉眼觀察到的關聯關系，可以揭示同一事件框架中各種概念之間的聚類和層級關系，體現各概念之間或明或暗、或直接或間接的深層認知聯系，揭示概念之間的復雜概念網絡體系，使人們看到完全超越一般肉眼觀察的深層認知世界。

計算的智能性：認知域的計算又體現了強烈的智能性。這種智能性表現為通過計算，會得出具有智慧性的結論。譬如可以通過大量文本收集和數據挖掘，尋找人工力量受限而看不到的各種主題、各種觀點、各種傾向、各種人群、各種立場、各種訴求之間的關系，形成對某一問題的更為全面、縱深、精確、系統的認識，做出科學優化的決策。這類決策既可能是與人類智能相符，也可能是超越甚至遠遠勝過人類的智能。運用好認知計算的力量，特別是綜合本國的數據和對手的數據，可以更好地做到提前預防、提前預警、提前開展布局，並能夠實現最好最優最快最精准地打擊和反擊，也能夠更好地體現高效有力有針對性的防護。這裡的認知計算，更多的是對某一可能的宏觀中觀或微觀的議題在不同人群、不同時間段、不同背景下，在全網域或者某一局域網域、某一特定群體內部可能產生的反響，特別是對與對手展開博弈時雙方可能呈現的主動、被動的態勢開展分析和檢視，對認知域的攻防等。

發揮話語主體地位釋放話語力量的新運用

認知域作戰有一個非常重要的依托，就是它主要依托語言媒介來發揮作用，主要通過話語層面來施加影響，主要通過話語的敘事性來形成對認知域的隱性作用，主要通過文化模式來施加潛在作用，通過跨文化的傳播來施加或明或暗的作用。其主要體現為以下方面：

文本話語獨特性：認知域是需要用信息來施加影響的。盡管信息可能依托視頻圖片的特殊視覺效果來展現，但從根本上說，文本所綜合表達話語的獨特性成為產生認知影響的主要依托。這其中，話語表達的模式、話語表達的技巧、話語表達說服力和感染力的主要設計，特別是話語敘事獨特性將是影響人們認知的關鍵。這可能會包括敘事的視角，敘事的主題、風格，敘事的故事框架，敘事的語言創新，敘事的關鍵語句，敘事蘊含的哲學、人文、宗教、社會、自然等情懷，敘事的不同參與者身份，敘事的多樣化評價，敘事的真實度、深度和情感溫度，敘事對於觀點的潛移默化影響作用，敘事釋放的個人情感、價值觀念、意識形態、立場評價等。文本話語的獨特性，是認知域作戰以文本施加認知影響的重要依靠。充分利用文本的復雜性，發揮多樣化文本各自優勢，發揮文本內涵的隱性和顯性認知影響的作用，已經成為文本話語認知域作戰的關鍵。其中最為重要的，就是要創新文本話語，用更加嶄新的話語、更加新奇的表述，更加獨特的表達來贏得讀者，使讀者了解並在潛移默化中感受文本中的思想，並在無聲無息中接受文本的思想。

文化模式潛在性：認知域作戰，一定要深刻把握不同國家和民族文化的特點和模式。不同國家、不同民族，其文化的模型不一樣，哲學思維、傳統文化、宗教信仰、風俗習慣、思維方式皆有明顯不同﹔不同文化下的國民，也有著不同樣的民族心理、民族性的認知模式，還應該有典型的屬於本民族本文化的認知偏好，也有相應的短處與弱點，有的還明顯存在與本國其他民族有巨大差異的認識，甚至還有誤解和敵意。因此，認知域作戰在文化層面，就是要把握好不同國家的總體文化模型，建設不同國家不同群體的文化模型，建設不同國家在不同事物上的不同認知模型，充分把握某一國家在一系列事物和議題上的總體態度和行事方式，特別是針對一些典型案例、文化禁忌、宗教要求、精神追求、總體觀念等。要借助現有理論和發現，綜合構建在認知領域不同人群對一些典型問題、敏感問題、重要問題的基本表現，為下一步開展認知作戰提供重要的參考和指導。加強對敵方不同人員的文化模式研究，特別是軍隊人員，重點崗位的人員，包括對方將領、軍官、士兵等的基本文化特點和模型的研究與構建，譬如人物心理認知行為與文化模型畫像，已經成為認知域作戰的核心做法。對對方普通人員，特別是一般國民、市民的認知模式，以及特定人群，包括特殊的非政府組織力量等的認知分析，也同樣具有重要價值。

跨文化戰略傳播性：認知域作戰，是面向國際的語言傳播和文化傳播，需要遵循國際傳播的規律。要把握好國際傳播的基本范式，要把本國故事與國際表達巧妙結合，要將對方語言與文化和本國的故事與思想巧妙結合﹔要善於結合不同的藝術形式，包括文字、圖片、繪畫、音樂（聲音）、視頻等手段或者多模態的手段來實現信息的國際傳播。同時，還要在戰略層面統籌多維宏觀的傳播：要利用各種手段，依靠軍民融合軍民協同軍民一體開展傳播﹔除了非政府組織之外，特別是要依靠民間力量，依靠專家、意見領袖、普通民眾來幫助軍隊來開展認知域作戰﹔要統一設置議題，多點多位多維發聲，形成戰略傳播態勢，為重大行動、重大議題、重大危機管控等形成應急解決的良好態勢，形成良好輿論氛圍，營造積極效應，消除不利影響或者扑滅不利影響。特別是要建立一支能夠精通外語、懂得跨文化技巧、知曉國際傳播規律、能在國際多維平台巧妙發聲的精干隊伍。這些人員平時可以開展廣泛的議題感知、收集和討論，借助普通議題或者特殊議題建立人脈關系，建立粉絲群落﹔更重要的是，在關鍵時刻，通過他們的粉絲群體，施加影響，完成戰略傳播任務。

當前，隨著混合戰多域戰全域戰的大行其道，認知域作戰已經成為雜糅其間、混合其間的常用手段，認知域作戰由陌生、新興、發展到壯大的歷程，更是傳統輿論戰、心理戰、法律戰發展的高級階段復雜階段升級階段。它的興起，更具有欺騙性、模糊性、隱蔽性、嵌入性、植入性和不可觀察性，特別是考慮它與當代新興媒體進場深度接軌深度融合，而且還不斷學習借鑒融入多學科、跨學科、交叉學科的新思想、新技術、新手段。由此，認知域作戰已然成為我們必須高度警惕高度提防的作戰形式。（國防科技大學文理學院教授、博士生導師梁曉波）

【本文系國家社科基金重大項目“國防與軍隊改革視野下的國防語言能力建設”階段性成果】

（來源：中國社會科學網）

(責編：陳羽、黃子娟)

2022年05月17日10:xx | 

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2022/0517/c1011-32423539888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Dissipative Warfare, Intelligent Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭

Chinese Military Trend of Intelligent Command and Control Systems – Enhancing Intelligentization Warfare Dominance

Leave a comment

中國軍事智慧指揮控制系統趨勢—增強智慧化戰爭優勢

現代英語：

Modern warfare is accelerating towards intelligence, and the key to victory has extended from “power advantage” and “information advantage” to “intelligence advantage”. Integrating artificial intelligence technology into the field of combat command and deeply coupling it with the command and control system will bring about a large number of systematic and systemic transformations and reshaping.

Intelligent situation perception, data promotes the continuous emergence of command capabilities. Unlike information-based command, which is the key to command, intelligent combat command emphasizes the comprehensive use of data, algorithms, and computing power. Data in the combat command chain can optimize the command process, accelerate the decision-making process, and multiply the command efficiency. In combat command under intelligent conditions, the hardware system will be closely combined with efficient algorithms and powerful computing power, which can achieve rapid situation perception and accurate situation judgment, continuously shorten the combat preparation cycle, promote the transformation from data advantage to decision-making advantage and action advantage, and promote the emergence of command capabilities.

Deep human-machine interaction and intelligent algorithms promote the improvement of command efficiency. Artificial intelligence technology is the product of the cross-integration of multiple technologies. Combat command under the background of intelligence will reconstruct the basic connotation of combat command with new elements represented by “cloud, network, terminal, and group”. Through the integrated application of technologies such as voice recognition, natural language processing, and human-computer interaction, the speed of information and command flow in each node and link of command can be accelerated, and the realization of intelligent platform control and intelligent system decision-making can be promoted, and the pressure of the command subject can be released, so that it can better respond to other emergencies, and provide intelligent solutions for improving command efficiency.

The competition for intellectual property rights is fierce, and artificial intelligence promotes innovation in command technology. Under the conditions of future information-based and intelligent warfare, the technological war between data, algorithms, and computing power will intensify, and the competition for intellectual property rights will also become more intense. In the field of combat command, big data and algorithms such as deep learning and enhanced learning will have a profound impact on the timeliness of situation perception, the level of human-computer interaction, and the quality and efficiency of simulation and evaluation. The party that masters advanced technology can make decisions and judgments faster than the enemy, implement response adjustments one step ahead of the enemy, and strike and damage one step ahead of the enemy, so as to achieve better, more accurate, more complete, and more detailed planning and deployment and dynamic control.

Manned and unmanned collaboration, mission-driven iterative development of command means. Unmanned combat forces shine in armed conflicts and have a profound impact on the course of combat. How to command and control this force is a problem that must be solved in combat command under the background of intelligence. Obviously, manned and unmanned collaborative combat will be a new style of intelligent warfare. In the process of manned and unmanned collaborative combat and unmanned swarms conducting autonomous combat, targeted adjustments and optimizations can be made to the command process, command system, command authority and responsibility, and command mechanism to adapt to the needs of intelligent development.

The system support is obvious, and the computing power guarantees the efficient operation of the command system. Modern warfare is a comprehensive comparison of systems and systems. The system interconnection of combat command under the background of intelligence is becoming more and more obvious, but there are many constituent elements, complex systems, and arduous computing tasks, and there is an urgent need for machine computing power adapted to provide power support. Through intelligent computing centers, cloud computing, edge computing, etc., the advantages of machine computing power can be fully utilized to support the efficient operation of the command and control platform, provide power guarantee for situation perception, target identification, mission planning, rapid strikes, etc., and provide effective support for “information power + mobility + control + strike power”.

現代國語：

中國軍網 國防部網
2025年5月29日 星期四

錢儒雪 張宏岩

現代戰爭正加速向智慧化方向演進，制勝的關鍵從「力量優勢」「資訊優勢」延伸至「智慧優勢」。將人工智慧技術融入作戰指揮領域，與指揮控制體系深度耦合，將會帶來大量系統性、體系性的改造與重塑。

態勢智能感知，數據助推指揮能力持續湧現。不同於資訊化條件下指揮的關鍵在於訊息，智能化背景下作戰指揮更加強調數據、演算法、算力的綜合運用，數據在作戰指揮鏈中，能夠起到優化指揮流程、加速決策進程、倍增指揮效能的作用。智慧化條件下的作戰指揮，硬體系統將與高效演算法和強大算力緊密結合，能夠實現快速態勢感知、準確判斷情況，不斷縮短作戰準備週期，促進從數據優勢到決策優勢、行動優勢的轉變，助推指揮能力湧現。

人機深度交互，智慧演算法促進指揮效能提升。人工智慧技術是多技術交叉融合的產物，智能化背景下的作戰指揮，將以「雲、網、端、群」為代表的全新要素重構作戰指揮基本內涵，透過語音識別、自然語言處理、人機交互等技術的融合運用，可加速指揮各節點、各環節信息指令流轉速度，促進實現智能化平台控制、智能化體系決策，釋放主體

智權爭奪激烈，人工智慧推動指揮技術創新。在未來資訊化智能化戰爭條件下，數據、演算法、算力之間的科技戰會愈演愈烈，制智權的爭奪也會更加激烈。在作戰指揮領域，大數據和深度學習、強化學習等演算法將對態勢感知時效、人機交互水平、推演評估質效等產生深遠影響，掌握先進技術的一方，能夠快敵一步做出決策判斷、先敵一步實施應對調整、早敵一步進行打擊毀傷，實現更優、更準、更全、更細的籌劃部署和動態管控。

有人無人協同，任務牽引指揮手段迭代發展。無人作戰力量在武裝沖突中大放異彩，深刻影響作戰進程，如何指揮控制這一力量是智慧化背景下作戰指揮必須解決的問題。顯然，有人無人協同作戰將是智慧化戰爭的新樣式。在有人無人協同作戰以及無人集群進行自主作戰過程中，可針對指揮流程、指揮系統、指揮權責、指揮機制等做出針對性調整優化，以此適應智慧化發展的需要。

體系支撐明顯，算力保障指揮系統高效運轉。現代戰爭是體系與體系的綜合較量，智慧化背景下作戰指揮的體系交聯越來越明顯，但構成要素眾多、系統繁雜、運算任務艱巨，急需與之適配的機器算力提供動力支撐。透過智算中心、雲計算、邊緣計算等，能夠充分發揮機器算力優勢，支撐指控平台高效運轉，為態勢感知、目標識別、任務規劃、快速打擊等提供動力保障，為「資訊力+機動力+控制力+打擊力」提供有效的支撐。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/szb_223187/szbxq/index.html?paperName=jfjb&paperDate=2025-05-29&paperNumber=10&articleid=95608883

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations

China Strengthening Innovation in Military Theory During the New Era and New Journey

Leave a comment

新時代新徵中國加強軍事理論創新

吳霞
2025-05-29 08:xx 資料來源：中國軍網

現代英語：

President Xi Jinping stressed that in the new era and new journey, the world is undergoing a century-long transformation, the new military revolution is developing rapidly, and my country’s security and development needs are undergoing profound changes. It is more urgent to achieve the goal of strengthening the military, and we must comprehensively strengthen military theory work. To accelerate the formation of a military theory system that is contemporary, leading, and unique, we must expand our thinking horizons, strengthen military theory innovation, strive to seize the commanding heights of military theory innovation, and gain new advantages in military theory competition, and thus seize the initiative in the strategic game between major powers.

Reconstructing a pluralistic cognitive framework based on the characteristics of the war era

Since the 21st century, with the development of global politics, economy, culture, and science and technology, the characteristics of modern warfare have undergone profound changes. The system confrontation, spatial superposition, and multi-domain hybrid characteristics of the high-end war game between major powers have become more prominent. The war form is accelerating towards a highly dispersed force, highly circulated information, and highly coordinated actions. We urgently need to examine the driving force of the times for innovation in military theory.

The timeliness of the evolution of war forms. After combing through the development context from traditional warfare to modern warfare and comparing and analyzing it, we can find that the simple primitive form of “building a stronghold, fighting a stupid battle, and fighting in a group” has already moved towards multiple advanced forms such as multi-domain warfare and hybrid warfare. The war concept, combat system, tactics and fighting methods are all evolving continuously. The driving force of the times is the coupling effect of “technical background determines tactical quality, and tactical innovation forces technological innovation”. Against this background, future wars will present the three major characteristics of “full-domain linkage, intelligent dominance, and unmanned front”. In essence, it is a breakthrough in nonlinear state, an update of war philosophy, and even a super-dimensional power game. The driving force behind it is the endless emergence of new combat concepts. Military theory innovation must face the compound challenges of full-domain confrontation, hybrid competitive capabilities and technological breakthroughs. The core lies in building a new war concept that can break the constraints of thinking and achieve cross-domain victory.

The leading nature of military theory game. The game between major powers is a long-term process, in which the arms race is a traditional path of mutual game, while another emerging track is the military theory competition. First of all, military theory is the high-level logic of the game between major powers. The alternating evolution of leading, accompanying and follow-up military theories provides a blueprint for resource integration, training iteration and force optimization for the game between major powers. It also provides methods and strategies for restricting and cracking the opponent’s capabilities, which can accelerate the trend of the military system to win the battle. Secondly, with the continuous changes in the international situation and scientific and technological development, new contradictions, new problems, new goals and new threats continue to emerge, and the causes, subjects, forms, and scenarios of war and confrontation will be more complex, diverse and multi-domain integrated, and their performance will be more uncertain and nonlinear. Whoever can recognize the future war form and style and whoever has a rich concept of combat concepts can take the initiative in international games.

The deterrent effect of advanced military theories. Advanced military theories can coordinate existing war resources to the greatest extent through scientific theoretical design, and fully transform war potential into war power. Therefore, advanced military theories are both combat effectiveness that can win wars and deterrence that can deter wars. For example, people’s war is our magic weapon to defeat the enemy, which has been proven by war practice. For a long time after the founding of New China, imperialism and hegemonism did not dare to act rashly against our country. One important reason was that they were afraid of the power of our people’s war. In recent years, the form of war has accelerated its evolution towards intelligence, and new combat concepts of foreign armies have emerged in an endless stream. In the face of competition in military theory innovation on the “silent battlefield”, we must have insight into the new development of intelligent combat theory, examine the new changes in intelligent combat styles, and adhere to the principle of “you fight yours, I fight mine”. We must be good at creating advanced fighting methods to defeat the superior, and we must also be good at avoiding the real and attacking the virtual to attack the incapable, and innovate and develop theoretical deterrence with our own characteristics.

Promote cross-domain communication and integration, and deconstruct multi-dimensional innovation mechanisms

Modern warfare has broken through the boundaries of land, sea, air, space and power grids, proving the necessity of multi-domain linkage and multi-dimensional connection. In this vast military and even civilian field, the military theory innovation must integrate scientific and technological channels, build a strategic and tactical research and training platform, and seek breakthroughs from the innovation mechanism by gathering the best and releasing energy, integrating information, and integrating strikes.

The battlefield space is ubiquitous and multi-dimensionally reconstructed. The essence of battlefield space reconstruction is the breakthrough of technological civilization on physical boundaries, that is, when new technologies develop to a certain extent, the physical domain, information domain, social domain, etc. will present a reconstructed form. This reconstruction breaks the spatial limitations and time dimensions of the traditional battlefield, and deeply promotes the war confrontation from the centralized and linear physical space to the hyper-dimensional space of multi-domain integration and boundless linkage, which brings about the ubiquitous combat domain, all-encompassing combat elements, and all-encompassing combat forces, and will form a new combat form. This requires military theory to reconstruct the three-dimensionality, multi-dimensionality and linkage of modern warfare from the aspects of combat system, strategy and tactics, and node elements. Especially in the future, the mixed linkage of battlefield space such as politics, economy, military, and public opinion will bring about many sources of struggle, wide fields, and strong coupling. Military theory innovation needs to have a deep insight into the connotation and essential characteristics of the endogenous development of battlefield space, so as to reconstruct an autonomous, flexible, elastic, and closed-loop combat space and highlight the battlefield ecological mechanism of linkage and balance.

Reshaping of multi-layer technology nested structure. Modern warfare needs to integrate technical systems at different levels and in different fields to form a highly coordinated and dynamically adaptive combat system to cope with the complex needs of informatization, intelligence and precision. The huge combat system urgently needs to evolve from a single function to a systematized and networked one. The core lies in breaking the boundaries of traditional military services and equipment technology and building a multi-dimensional linkage technology ecosystem. For example, the strategic early warning system requires three-dimensional networking of space satellites, ground radars, underwater sonars, etc., that is, integration and nesting from the physical layer; the global battlefield perception network requires real-time data of space-based surveillance, air early warning, and ground reconnaissance, that is, fusion and interaction from the information layer; the joint global command and control system needs to complete target identification, threat assessment and target allocation within seconds, that is, intelligent decision-making from the cognitive layer. These cross-domain communication integrations force the deep reconstruction of the technical architecture, which in turn triggers the transformation of military organizations and actions. Technological innovation drives tactical breakthroughs, promotes the iteration of equipment systems and the reshaping of military theory systems, which is the secret of the innovation mechanism of military theory.

Cross-domain knowledge integration and cognitive reconstruction. Modern warfare has broken through the Clausewitzian “trinity” framework and presents the characteristics of quantum entanglement-style full-dimensional confrontation. For example, the US military’s “mosaic warfare” theory integrates AI and biological nerves to construct a dynamic and reconfigurable killing network. This requires that military theory innovation must have the ability of cross-domain deconstruction and cognitive reconstruction. This integration and reconstruction is not a simple superposition of knowledge, but a new dimension of understanding of war and a metacognitive system through the “emergence effect”. This requires breaking down disciplinary barriers and traditional thinking frameworks, integrating advanced technologies such as communications, navigation, detection, and quantum on the basis of cybernetics, information theory, and systems theory, and forming a knowledge ecosystem with its internal logic that can couple new tactics, combat systems, and war forms.

Create an open source theoretical ecosystem and form a distributed innovation pattern

With the development of disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence, brain-computer interfaces, and multi-dimensional information, the development of military theory has shown an era trend of diversified innovation. If we can activate the innovation potential with an open source ecosystem, we may be able to develop a different innovation model for military theory from the existing ones – one that maintains the traditional background of military theory while also having the technological sharpness of the intelligent era. Its core lies in stimulating innovation through an open ecosystem, diversified cooperation, and localization.

Shaping an open source ecosystem. Traditional military theory research is highly confidential and exclusive, and inevitably has information barriers, thinking limitations, and technical gaps, which can no longer meet the needs of war development. The superiority, vitality, and professionalism shown by the open source big model inspire the world. The open source military theory ecosystem can also build an advanced basic military theory base through a controllable open sharing ecosystem of theoretical frameworks, tactical deductions, and technical solutions under the support of a hierarchical collaboration system and blockchain technology, and then derive concrete military theory plug-ins for operational concept trees, scenario sets, and style groups in various fields. Its ecological connotation lies in breaking departmental boundaries, integrating military units, scientific research institutes, local universities, social think tanks, etc., and using supply and demand announcement platforms, war game deduction platforms, information interaction platforms, etc. to form a closed-loop feedback environment of “theoretical crowd creation” with multi-party participation. This distributed collaborative ecology can accelerate the formation of theoretical innovation and iteration through the interaction between nodes, and achieve sustainable development advantages in a complex internal and external environment.

Integration of military democracy. In the process of military theory innovation, through a professional and efficient collective collaboration mechanism, scattered cognitive resources are transformed into collective combat effectiveness, forming cross-domain and cross-weapon collaboration. Its success depends on three fulcrums: an open resource organization structure, an efficient knowledge management mechanism, and a deep integration of science and technology. This innovation model reshapes the production process of modern military theory: breaking the vertical, closed, and minority participation characteristics of traditional military theory innovation, and forming a collaborative paradigm that includes sharing and competitive participation of multiple subjects. This means that military theory innovation has entered a new stage of “collective wisdom + knowledge transfer”. The key is to release innovation potential through a military democracy mechanism, and to enhance the system resilience of theoretical innovation while ensuring military effectiveness. The ultimate goal is to form a theoretical system that can both guide its own military practice and contribute to human war cognition.

Highlight its own characteristics. The “two combinations” are the fundamental way to promote the theoretical innovation of the Party. To strengthen the innovation of military theory, we must insist on combining the basic principles of Marxism with the practice of building the people’s army and absorbing the essence of China’s excellent traditional military culture. We should focus on using the “arrow” of truth to shoot the “target” of military practice in the new era, and innovate and develop military theory in the process of creatively applying Marxism to analyze and deal with contemporary Chinese military issues. We should focus on extracting rich nutrition from China’s excellent traditional military culture, absorbing the war concepts, military wisdom, strategic thinking, military tactics and strategies contained therein, and giving military theory distinct Chinese characteristics, Chinese style and Chinese style. In particular, we should focus on deeply integrating the laws of modern warfare and the laws of war guidance, the essence of China’s excellent traditional military culture and China’s national conditions and military conditions, forming a military theory generation system with autonomy, adaptability and foresight, and constantly opening up new horizons for the development of our military’s military theory.(Editors: Dai Xiaoling, Wan Peng)

現代國語：

習主席強調指出，新時代新征程，世界百年變局加速演進，新軍事革命迅速發展，我國安全和發展需求深刻變化，實現強軍目標任務更加緊迫，必須全面加強軍事理論工作。加速形成具有時代性、引領性、獨特性的軍事理論體系，就要拓展思維視野，加強軍事理論創新，努力搶佔軍事理論創新制高點，奪得軍事理論競爭新優勢，進而在大國戰略博弈中掌握主動權。

立足戰爭時代特徵，重建多元式認知框架

自21世紀以來，隨著全球政治、經濟、文化、科技的發展，現代戰爭特徵發生了深刻變化，大國高端戰爭博弈下的體系對抗、空間疊加、多域混合特徵更加突出。戰爭形態向力量高度混散、資訊高度流動、行動高度協同的方向加速演進，亟需我們檢視軍事理論創新的時代動因。

戰爭形態演化的時代性。梳理傳統戰爭到現代戰爭的發展脈絡，對比分析後可以發現「結硬寨、打呆仗、群毆式」的單純原始形態已然走向多域戰、混合戰等多元高級形態，戰爭理念、作戰體系、戰法打法等均在持續發生演化，其時代動因是「技術底色決定逼成色，戰術創新技術革新」的戰術效應。在此背景下，未來戰爭將呈現「全域連動、智能主導、無人爭鋒」三大特徵，其本質上是一種非線性狀態突破，是一種戰爭哲學更新，更是一種超維力量博弈。背後推手是層出不窮的新型作戰概念，軍事理論創新必須直面全局對抗、混合競能與技術突進的複合挑戰，其核心在於建構能夠打破思維掣肘、實現跨域制勝的新型戰爭觀。

軍事理論博弈的先導性。大國博弈是一個長期過程，其中的武器裝備競賽是互相博弈的一種傳統路徑，而另一個新興賽道則是軍事理論競賽。首先，軍事理論是大國博弈的高層邏輯，先導式、伴隨式與跟進式軍事理論交替演進，為大國博弈提供了資源整合、演訓迭代和力量優化的藍圖指引，也為制約與破解對手能力提供了方法策略，可以加速軍事體系決勝的衝線趨勢。其次，隨著國際情勢、科技發展等方面的不斷變化，新矛盾、新問題、新目標、新威脅不斷湧現，戰爭和對抗的誘因、主體、形式、場景等方面將更為複雜多元和多域融合，其表現也更加充滿不確定和非線性。誰能認清未來戰爭形態樣式，誰能擁有豐富的作戰理念概念，誰能在國際博弈中佔據主動。

先進軍事理論的威懾性。先進軍事理論可以透過科學的理論設計，最大程度地統籌現有的戰爭資源，把戰爭潛力充分轉化為戰爭實力。所以，先進軍事理論既是能夠勝戰的戰鬥力，也是能夠懾戰的威懾力。例如，人民戰爭是我克敵制勝的法寶，已經得到戰爭實踐的證明。新中國成立後的相當長一段時間裡，帝國主義、霸權主義不敢對我國輕舉妄動，一個重要原因就是懼怕我人民戰爭的威力。近年來，戰爭形態向智能化加速演進，外軍新型作戰概念層出不窮，面對“寂靜戰場”上軍事理論創新的競爭，必須洞察智能化作戰理論新發展，審視智能化作戰概念層出不窮，面對“寂靜戰場”上軍事理論創新的競爭，必須洞察智能化作戰理論新發展，審視智能化作戰概念層出不窮，面對“寂靜戰場”上軍事理論創新的競爭，必須洞察智能化作戰理論新發展，審視智能化作戰樣式新變化，堅持“你打你的、我打我的”，既要擅長創造高級打法以優制工業理論，也要避實擊擊你的、我打我的”，既要擅長創造高級打法以優適能避實擊

促進跨域交流集成，解構多維式創新機理

現代戰爭突破陸海空天電網的界限，印證了多域聯動多維連結的必要性。而在此龐大的軍事甚至民用領域中聚優釋能、資訊整合、融合打擊，軍事理論創新必須整合科學技術通道、搭建戰略戰術研練平台，更需多維多域互通，從創新機理中去尋求突破。

戰場空間泛在多元重建。戰場空間重構的本質是科技文明對物理邊界的突破，也就是新科技發展到一定程度後，物理域、資訊域、社會域等將呈現重構形體。這種重建打破了傳統戰場的空間限制、時間維度，深入推動戰爭對抗從集中式、線性化的物理空間轉向多域融合、無界聯動的超維空間，由此帶來作戰要域無所不在、作戰要素無所不包、作戰力量無所不及，並將形成全新的作戰形態。這需要軍事理論從作戰體系、戰略戰術、節點要素等方面重新解構現代戰爭的立體性、多維性和連結性。特別是今後時期，政治、經濟、軍事、輿論等戰場空間的混合連動帶來的鬥爭來源多、領域廣、耦合強，軍事理論創新需深刻洞悉戰場空間內生髮育的內涵要義與本質特徵，以重構自主、靈活、彈性、閉環的作戰空間，凸顯聯動平衡的戰場生態機理。

多層技術嵌套結構重塑。現代戰爭需要透過整合不同層級、不同領域的技術系統，形成高度協同、動態適應的作戰體系，以因應資訊化、智慧化、精確化的複雜需求。龐大的作戰體系亟須將單一功能向體系化和網路化演變，其核心在於打破傳統軍兵種和裝備技術領域的界限，建構多維連動的技術生態。例如，戰略預警體系需要太空衛星、地面雷達、水下聲吶等立體組網，即從物理層整合嵌套；全局戰場感知網絡需要天基監視、空中預警、地面偵察的即時數據，即從資訊層融合交互；聯合全局指揮控制系統需要數秒內完成目標識別、威脅評估與目標分配，即從認知層智能決策。這些跨域交流整合倒逼技術架構的深度重構，由此引發軍事組織與行動破繭化蝶。技術創新驅動戰術突破，推動裝備體系迭代和軍事理論體系重塑，是軍事理論創新機制的奧秘所在。

跨域知識整合認知重建。現代戰爭突破克勞塞維茨式「三位一體」框架，呈現量子糾纏式的全維度對抗特質。如美軍「馬賽克戰」理論將AI與生物神經融合，架構動態可重建殺傷網。這要求軍事理論創新必須具備跨域解構與認知重建能力。這種整合與重建不是簡單的知識疊加，而是透過「湧現效應」產生新的戰爭理解維度與後設認知體系。這要求打破學科壁壘與傳統思維框架，在控制論、資訊理論、系統論基礎上，融合通訊、導航、偵測、量子等先進技術，以其內在邏輯形成能夠耦合新型戰術戰法、作戰體系、戰爭形態的知識生態系統。

打造開源理論生態，形成分散式創新格局

隨著人工智慧、腦機介面、多維度資訊等顛覆性技術發展，軍事理論發展呈現多元創新的時代趨勢。若能以開源生態活化創新潛力，或可走出一條不同於既有的軍事理論創新模式──既保持軍事理論傳統底色，又兼具智慧化時代的科技銳度，其核心在於從開放生態、多元合作和本土化路徑中去激發創新。

塑造開源生態。傳統軍事理論研究多具有高度保密性與排他性，也不可避免地存在資訊障礙、思考限制和技術鴻溝，已無法滿足戰爭發展需求。開源大模型顯示出的超群性、生命性、專業性給世人以啟發，開源軍事理論生態亦可在分級協作體系與區塊鏈技術的支撐下，透過理論架構、戰術推演、技術方案的可控式開放共享生態，建構一個先進的基本軍事理論基座，再衍生出各領域作戰概念樹、場景集、具象化的場景具象集。其生態內涵在於打破部門邊界，整合軍事單位、科研院所、地方高校、社會智庫等，利用供求揭榜平台、兵棋推演平台、資訊互動平台等，形成多方參與的「理論眾創」閉環回饋環境。這種分散式協作生態，可透過節點間的互動加速形成理論創新迭代合力，在複雜的內外環境中實現永續發展優勢。

融合軍事民主。在軍事理論創新過程中，透過專業、高效率的集體協作機制，將分散的認知資源轉化為集體戰鬥力，形成跨領域、跨武器協同。其成功依賴三個支點：開放的資源組織架構、高效率的知識管理機制，以及深度的理技融合。這種創新模式重塑了現代軍事理論生產流程：打破傳統軍事理論創新的垂直化、封閉化、少數化的參與特徵，形成包容多元主體共享與競爭參與的協作典範。這意味著軍事理論創新進入「集體智慧+知識遷移」的新階段，其關鍵是透過軍事民主機制釋放創新潛能，在確保軍事效能的同時提升理論創新的體系韌性。最終目的是形成既能引導自身軍事實踐，也能貢獻於人類戰爭認知的理論體系。

突顯自身特色。 「兩個結合」是推動黨的理論創新的根本途徑。加強軍事理論創新就要堅持把馬克思主義基本原理同人民軍隊建設實踐結合，汲取中華優秀傳統軍事文化精華。注重以真理之“矢”去射新時代軍事實踐之“的”，在創造性運用馬克思主義分析和處理當代中國軍事問題的過程中創新發展軍事理論。注重從中華優秀傳統軍事文化中萃取豐富營養，汲取蘊含其中的戰爭觀念、治軍智慧、戰略思想、兵法謀略等，賦予軍事理論鮮明的中國特色、中國風格、中國氣派。特別是注重將現代戰爭規律與戰爭指導規律、中華優秀傳統軍事文化精華與中國國情軍情深度融合，形成具有自主性、適應性和前瞻性的軍事理論生成體系，不斷開闢我軍軍事理論發展新境界。

(編按：代曉靈、萬鵬)

中國原創軍事資源：http://theory.people.com.cn/n1/2025/0529/c40531-40490232888.html

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Chinese #Space #Warfare, #Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #智慧化戰爭, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 新軍事變革, 認知戰

Concept of future human-machine integrated forces

Leave a comment

中國未來人機一體化軍事構想

現代英語：

At present, judging from the reform and development of the establishment system in major countries in the world, the military is developing towards a lean, small, efficient, intelligent, and integrated “man-machine (robot-drone)” direction, seeking to coordinate and fight together with robot soldiers, drones and human soldiers. According to statistics, the armies of more than 60 countries in the world are currently equipped with military robots, with more than 150 types. It is estimated that by 2040, half of the members of the world’s military powers may be robots. In addition to the United States, Russia, Britain, France, Japan, Israel, Turkey, Iran and other countries that have successively launched their own robot warriors, other countries have also invested in the research and development of unmanned weapons.

The world’s military powers will set off a wave of forming unmanned combat forces to compete. The so-called unmanned combat forces are a general term for combat robots or battlefield killing robot systems. With the development of various types of information-based, precise, and data-based weapons and equipment, intelligent platforms have become the driving force for pre-designed battlefields, combat robots have become the main force on the battlefield, and the combination of man and machine has become the key to defeating the enemy. In the future, battlefield space forces will highlight the three-dimensional unmanned development trend of land, sea, and air.

USA Today once published an article titled “New Robots Take War to the Next Level: Unmanned Warfare,” which described unmanned warfare like this: drone fleets swarm in, using sophisticated instruments for detection, reconnaissance, and counter-reconnaissance; after locking onto a target, they calmly launch missiles; automatically programmed unmanned submarines perform a variety of tasks including underwater search, reconnaissance, and mine clearance; on the ground battlefield, robots are responsible for the delivery of ammunition, medical supplies, and food… In future wars, these may become a reality.

On land, various robots that can perform specific tasks are highly integrated mobile strike platforms with mechanization, informatization, and intelligence. For example, unmanned tanks are unmanned tracked armored platforms that are mainly controlled by their own programs. They can be remotely controlled by soldiers, and are dominated by long-range attack intelligent weapons and informationized weapons. They can automatically load ammunition and launch autonomously, and carry out long-range indirect precision strikes, effectively reducing the casualties of soldiers. In the ocean, various unmanned submarines, unmanned warships, etc. can sail thousands of miles and perform various maritime combat missions without the need for onboard personnel to operate. In the air, the human-controlled drone system deployed in actual combat is a drone system platform with its own reconnaissance and judgment, human control, integrated reconnaissance and attack, autonomous attack, and human-machine collaboration.

The use of drone weapons in wars highlights their combat capabilities, which will inevitably lead the armies of countries around the world to form unmanned combat units in full swing. In the Iraq War, the United States began to test the actual combat capabilities of unmanned combat vehicles. In March 2013, the United States released a new version of the “Robotics Technology Roadmap: From the Internet to Robots”, which elaborated on the development roadmap of robots, including military robots, and decided to invest huge military research funds in the development of military robots, so that the proportion of unmanned combat equipment of the US military will increase to 30% of the total number of weapons. It is planned that one-third of ground combat operations in the future will be undertaken by military robots. It is reported that the US military deployed the first future robot combat brigade (including at least 151 robot warriors) before 2015. In 2016, the US military conducted another experimental simulation test of the “modular unmanned combat vehicle” in a multinational joint military exercise. In 2020, the US Pentagon issued a contract with a price tag of 11 million US dollars to form a “combined arms squad” with the ability to cooperate with humans and robots, and plans to complete the construction of 15 future combat brigades by 2030. All squad members have human-like vision, hearing, touch and smell, can send information and attack targets in a timely manner, and can even undertake tasks such as self-repair and vehicle maintenance, transportation, mine clearance, reconnaissance, and patrol. The US Daily Science website reported that the US Army has developed a new technology that can quickly teach robots to complete new crossing actions with minimal human intervention. The report said that the technology can enable mobile robot platforms to navigate autonomously in combat environments, while allowing robots to complete combat operations that humans expect them to perform under certain circumstances. Currently, US Army scientists hope to cultivate muscle cells and tissues for robots for biological hybridization rather than directly extracting them from living organisms. Therefore, this combination of muscle and robot reminds the author of the half-cyborg Grace in the movie “Terminator: Dark Fate”.

On April 21, 2018, the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) special forces launched a raid against extremist terrorists in Derbent, Dagestan, and for the first time publicly dispatched armed unmanned combat vehicles equipped with machine guns as pioneers. During the 2018 Russian Red Square military parade, the United States discovered a large number of Russian “Uranus-9” robots and other combat systems that had exchanged fire with Syrian anti-government forces in southern Syria, and showed their appearance characteristics to the audience. In August 2015, the Russian army used combat robot combat companies to carry out position assaults on the Syrian battlefield. The tracked robots charged, attacked, attracted the militants to open fire, and guided the self-propelled artillery group to destroy the exposed fire points one by one. In the end, the robot combat company took down the high ground that is now difficult for Russian soldiers to capture in one fell swoop in just 20 minutes, achieving a record of zero casualties and killing 77 enemies.

According to the British Daily Star website, after the British Army conducted a large-scale combat robot test at an event called “Autonomous Warrior 2018”, it unified drones, unmanned vehicles and combat personnel into a world-class army for decades to come. Future British Army autonomous military equipment, whether tanks, robots or drones, may have legs instead of tracks or wheels. In early 2021, after the UK held the “Future Maritime Air Force Acceleration Day” event, it continued to develop a “plug-and-play” maritime autonomous platform development system, which, after being connected to the Royal Navy’s ships, can simplify the acquisition and use of automation and unmanned operation technologies.

In addition to the development of robots by Russia, the United States, and the United Kingdom, other powerful countries have also successively launched their own robot warriors. It is expected that in the next 20 years, the world will usher in robots on land, sea, and air to replace soldiers to perform high-risk tasks. The future battlefield will inevitably be unmanned or man-machine integrated joint combat operations. The world’s military powers will launch a human-machine (drone) integrated combat experiment

The style of air combat is always evolving with the advancement of aviation technology. Since 1917, with the successful development of the world’s first unmanned remote-controlled aircraft by the United Kingdom, the family of unmanned equipment has continued to grow and develop, and various drones are increasingly active in the arena of modern warfare.

Since the 21st century, with the large number of drones being used on the battlefield, the combat style has been constantly updated. In the Gulf War, drones were limited to reconnaissance, surveillance and target guidance, but in the Afghanistan War, Iraq War and the War on Terrorism, the combat capabilities of drones have become increasingly prominent, and the combat style and methods have shown new characteristics, allowing countries around the world to see drones as a sharp sword in the air, thus opening the prelude to the integrated combat test of man-machine (drone).

It is reported that the total number of drones in NATO countries increased by 1.7 times between 1993 and 2005, reaching 110,000 by 2006. The United States, other NATO countries, Israel, and South Africa all attach great importance to the development and production of unmanned reconnaissance aircraft and multi-purpose drones.

In 2019, more than 30 countries in the world have developed more than 50 types of drones, and more than 50 countries are equipped with drones. The main types are: “password” drones, multi-function drones, artificial intelligence drones, long-term airborne drones, anti-missile drones, early warning drones, stealth drones, micro drones, air combat drones, mapping drones, and aerial photography drones. The main recovery methods: automatic landing, parachute recovery, aerial recovery, and arresting recovery.

On September 14, 2019, after Saudi Aramco’s “world’s largest oil processing facility” and oil field were attacked, the Yemeni Houthi armed forces claimed “responsibility for the incident” and claimed that they used 10 drones to attack the above facilities. On January 3, 2020, Qassem Soleimani, commander of the “Quds Force” under the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, was “targeted and eliminated” in a drone raid launched by the United States at Baghdad International Airport in the early morning of the Iraqi capital. At the end of 2020, in the battle between Armenia and Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh (Nagorno-Karabakh region), it was obvious that drones played an important role in the conflict between the two sides. In particular, many military experts were shocked by the videos that the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense kept releasing of the TB-2 “Flagship” and Israeli “Harop” suicide drones just purchased from Turkey attacking Armenian armored vehicles, artillery, cars and even infantry positions and S-300 air defense missiles. In December 2020, local conflicts in the Middle East and Transcaucasus showed that drones are playing an increasingly important role. Based on this, some military experts even predicted that the 21st century will be the “golden age” for the development of drones. Drones are bound to completely replace manned aircraft and become the “battlefield protagonist” of the 21st century.

Currently, the US Air Force plans to expand the teaming of manned and unmanned platforms between drones and manned aircraft, and by 2025, 90% of fighters will be drones. In other words, larger aircraft (F-35 fighters or F-22 fighters) can control a nearby drone fleet. For example, the F-35 fighter is like a flying sensor computer, which can obtain a large amount of data, and communicate, analyze and judge on its own, and finally upload the conclusion to the pilot’s helmet display. The pilot analyzes and processes the information obtained, formulates a combat plan based on the combat plan, battlefield situation, and weapons equipped by the formation, and then issues it to the drone… to achieve the purpose of manned aircraft commanding drones to cooperate in combat. In other words, the mixed formation of manned and unmanned aircraft will change the previous ground control to air control of drones, and the pilot will directly command the combat operations of drones. The US military envisions a modular design so that soldiers can assemble drones after taking out the parts of drones from their backpacks when needed in future battlefield operations, and can also use 3D printing drones. In August 2020, the U.S. Air Force defeated top F-16 fighter pilots in a simulated air battle with AI, which also proved that AI pilots can “think” creatively and quickly, and it may not be long before they surpass the skills of human pilots. The U.S. Navy’s new MQ-25 “Stingray” carrier-based unmanned tanker will be tested in 2021 and have initial operational capability in 2024, which will help expand the combat radius of aircraft carriers.

Since 2013, Russia has been equipped with a large number of drones, of which unmanned reconnaissance aircraft alone exceeded 2,000 by the end of 2019, most of which are light drones, such as the Kalashnikov drones that participated in the military operations in Syria. In the next step, each brigade or division-level unit of the Russian Army will have a drone company, and the airborne troops will also be equipped with a large number of drones. The Russian Northern Fleet will have a drone regiment, and some modern Russian warships will also be equipped with drones. In addition, from 2021, the “Orion” reconnaissance and strike drone developed by the Kronstadt Group will be equipped with the Russian army. This heavy drone can carry a variety of guided ammunition to perform combat missions. In addition, the Russian army is also testing two heavy drones, the “Altair” and the C-70 “Hunter”. These are enough to show that Russia has made significant progress in the field of drone research and development.

Israel is a true pioneer in the field of drones. The drones it develops are not only advanced, but also exported to other countries. It has equipped its troops with hundreds of drones, including the “Bird’s Eye” series of single-soldier drones, the “Firefly” drone, the light “Skylark-I” drone, the light “Hero” drone, the medium “Skylark-II/III” drone, the “Heron” drone, etc. In the mid-1980s, Israel had developed a land-based launch and patrol drone named “Harpy” or “Harpy”. The Harpy is a “suicide drone” capable of autonomous anti-radar attacks. It weighs 135 kg, can carry 32 kg of high explosives, and has a range of 500 km. Due to confidentiality reasons, the specific number and type of drones equipped by the Israel Defense Forces are not yet known. In order to deal with threatening targets such as enemy ground-to-ground missiles, Israel Aircraft Industries is developing a high-altitude, long-flight stealth unmanned fighter. The aircraft combines stealth technology with long-range air-to-air missiles, can carry Moab missiles, penetrate into the rear of the enemy’s battle zone, and intercept and attack ground-to-ground missiles in the boost phase.

On February 5, 2013, the British army stationed in Afghanistan used a micro unmanned helicopter for the first time to carry out front-line work of spying on military intelligence. This unmanned helicopter is equipped with a micro camera, which can transmit the captured images to a handheld control terminal in real time; it can fly around corners and avoid obstacles to identify potential dangers. Next, the UK plans to enable one manned aircraft to command five unmanned aircraft at the same time. According to a report on the website of the British “Times” on January 26, 2021, the British Ministry of Defense invested 30 million pounds to develop the first unmanned aerial vehicle force in Northern Ireland. According to reports, the contract for the design and manufacture of the prototype has been given to the American “Spirit” Aerospace Systems. The company has a branch in Belfast, and the contract is expected to provide 100 jobs. The British Ministry of Defense plans to start manufacturing the first prototype of this new type of unmanned aerial vehicle by 2025. It will be equipped with missiles, reconnaissance and electronic warfare technology equipment, becoming the British Army’s first unmanned aerial vehicle capable of targeting and shooting down enemy aircraft and avoiding surface-to-air missile attacks. Its partner manned fighters will be able to focus on missions such as electronic warfare, reconnaissance and bombing, thereby reducing costs and the high risks faced by British aircrews.

The French Navy will form its first carrier-based drone squadron at a base near Toulon, the 36F carrier-based aircraft squadron of the French Naval Aviation. The squadron will be equipped with S-100 drones and carried on the Navy’s Mistral-class amphibious landing ship. The formation of this carrier-based drone squadron reflects the French Navy’s desire to integrate drone expertise into a single professional team. Previously, the French Navy discussed the establishment of a dedicated drone squadron and the option of equipping the 31F, 35F or 36F squadrons with drones.

At the Paris Air Show in June 2004, the full-scale model of the NX70 Neuron unmanned combat aircraft displayed by the French Dassault Aviation Company rekindled people’s interest in the development of European drones. Iran, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates…some new countries have disrupted the geopolitical landscape of drones and are writing a new page.

It can be predicted that drones will become the biggest highlight in the development of weapons and equipment in various countries around the world, and become the “trump card” of land warfare, naval warfare, air warfare, and space warfare in the 21st century. It will become a new combat force in offensive and defensive operations. It can not only use the various ground attack weapons it carries to strike enemy ground military targets in frontline and deep areas, but also use air-to-ground missiles or bombs to suppress enemy air defense weapons; it can not only use weapons such as anti-tank missiles to attack enemy tanks or tank groups, but also use weapons such as cluster bombs to bomb enemy ground forces; it can not only detect targets and judge the value of targets and then launch missiles autonomously, but also deceive and interfere with enemy command and control systems, etc. The world’s military powers will set off a battle to form a “man-machine (robot drone)” integrated force

With the deepening of military-civilian integration, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, and the rapid development of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, not only will the development of unmanned weapons and equipment bring about tremendous changes, but it will also subvert the existing military force formation form. The “human-machine (robot-drone)” integrated intelligent army is bound to come.

In December 2015, in addition to sending traditional combat forces to the Syrian battlefield, the Russian army also sent a robot combat company mainly composed of unmanned combat platforms to participate in the battle for the first time. The company adopted a new combat mode of mixed manned and unmanned formations, built an intelligent combat system with the “Andromeda-D” automated command system as the core, and launched an attack on Hill 754.5 using a combination of full-dimensional reconnaissance and saturation attack, successfully seizing the hill. A few years ago, U.S. Navy officials in charge of expeditionary operations mentioned the vision of building a thousand man-machine combined warships, that is, a larger fleet of unmanned ships controlled by humans and coordinated with each other. The U.S. Navy announced that it plans to build an unmanned fleet of 10 large unmanned surface ships in the next five years for independent operations or joint operations with surface forces. According to the conceptual plan currently disclosed by the U.S. Navy, the unmanned fleet composed of large unmanned surface ships will mainly assist the Navy in completing highly dangerous combat missions. By combining with the Aegis combat system and other sensors, the coordinated combat capabilities of manned and unmanned systems will be enhanced. Its deployment will help reduce the demand for the number of large manned warships and reduce casualties in combat. According to the National Interest Network on January 20, 2021, the U.S. Navy Chief of Operations Michael Gilday released the “Navigation Plan of the Chief of Naval Operations” document on January 11, calling for the establishment of a mixed fleet of man-machine ships including large warships, various types of unmanned ships, submersibles and air strike equipment to prepare for all-domain operations in the new threat environment in the next few decades. The document states: “It is necessary to establish a larger fleet of underwater, surface and water platforms that meet the strategic and campaign needs of the troops, and a mixture of manned and unmanned platforms.”

In the “man-machine (robot-drone)” integrated forces, artificial intelligence technology is used to achieve an organic combination of “man-machine”, and cloud computing, new algorithms, and big data are used to formulate “man-machine” collaborative combat plans. Artificial intelligence is like an engine, big data + cloud computing is like a spaceship, and intelligent robots are astronauts. The organic combination of the three will surely add wings to the tiger and integrate man and machine. The future army is a human-machine integrated army. The squad and platoon commanders are gradually replaced by robots. Robots are gradually transformed from human control to autonomous decision-making or mind control through human brain cells. There may also be canteen-free barracks in the military camps. The military management may also be led by one or several military personnel to lead multiple or even dozens of intelligent robot teams with different division of labor tasks to complete the combat training management tasks that were previously completed by squads, platoons, and companies. Or there may be only one military commander in the command and control center for military training, and all intelligent robots in the training grounds may be controlled through video command and control for confrontation training, or remote control robot commanders may issue new training instructions, adjust task deployment, and change training grounds in real time.

The urgent need for the intelligent quality of military talents will also force the readjustment of the setting of the first-level military disciplines in the field of artificial intelligence. In the future, military academies will also open intelligent robot control disciplines, establish relevant human-machine integration laboratories and training bases, and focus on training intelligent professional military talents who understand computer control programs, intelligent design and management, image cognition, data mining, knowledge graphs, and can systematically master intelligent science and technology and have innovative consciousness. Future military talents must be proficient in intelligent technology, big data applications, and cloud computing, especially in the use of 3D or 4D printing technology to make various military equipment at any time, proficient in the control procedures, command methods, command issuance, and adjustment of tasks of intelligent robots, and proficient in the essentials of human-machine integrated autonomous combat coordination, so as to achieve the best combination of human information technology quality and efficient operation of intelligent robots. In addition, it is not ruled out that human-machine integration squads, combat simulation centers, imaginary enemy forces, combat units, intelligent headquarters, unmanned brigades, divisions, etc. will be established. By then, the military chief may also have one human and one machine, or the robot may serve as a hand or deputy.

Source: China Aviation News Author: Wei Yuejiang Editor-in-charge: Wu Xingjian 2021-03-26 08:0x

現代國語：

目前，從世界上主要國家編制體制改革發展情況看，軍隊正向精干、小型、高效、智能、“人機（機器人無人機）”一體方向發展，謀求機器人士兵、無人機與人類戰士一起並肩協同、聯合作戰。據統計，目前全球超過60個國家的軍隊已裝備了軍用機器人，種類超過150種。預計到2040年，世界軍事強國可能會有一半的成員是機器人。除美、俄、英、法、日、以色列、土耳其、伊朗等國家已相繼推出各自的機器人戰士外，其他國家也投入到這場無人化武器的研制與開發中去。

世界軍事強國將掀起組建無人作戰部隊爭鋒熱潮所謂無人作戰部隊，就是作戰機器人或者戰場殺人機器人系統的統稱。隨著各類信息化、精確化、數據化武器裝備的發展，智能化平台成為預先設計戰場的推手，作戰機器人成為戰場的主力軍，人機結合對抗成為克敵制勝的關鍵，未來戰場空間力量將凸顯陸海空三維無人化發展趨勢。

《今日美國報》曾發表的《新型機器人把戰爭帶入下一個層次：無人戰爭》一文中，這樣描述無人化戰爭：無人機編隊蜂擁而來，用精密的儀器探測、偵察與反偵察，它們鎖定目標後，從容地發射導彈；自動編程的無人潛艇，執行水下搜索、偵察、排除水雷等多種任務；地面戰場上，機器人負責彈藥、醫療補給和食物的配送……未來戰爭中，這些或許將成為現實。

在陸地，能執行特定任務的各種機器人，就是機械化、信息化、智能化高度融合的機動打擊平台。如：無人坦克，就是以自身程序控制為主的無人化履帶式裝甲平台，可讓士兵們遠程控制，以遠距離攻擊型智能化武器、信息化武器為主導，能自動裝載彈藥和自主發射，實施遠程間接精確打擊，有效降低士兵傷亡率。在海洋，各種無人潛艇、無人戰艦等，可航行數千英裡，無需船上人員操控就能執行各種海上作戰任務。在空中，實戰部署的人為控制操作的無人機系統，就是一種具有自己偵察判斷、人為控制、察打一體、自主攻擊、人機協同的無人機系統平台。

無人機武器在戰爭中的運用凸顯其作戰能力，必然牽引世界各國軍隊緊鑼密鼓組建無人作戰部隊。在伊拉克戰爭中，美國就開始對無人戰車的實戰能力進行測試。2013年3月，美國發布新版《機器人技術路線圖：從互聯網到機器人》，闡述了包括軍用機器人在內的機器人發展路線圖，決定將巨額軍備研究費投向軍用機器人研制，使美軍無人作戰裝備的比例增加至武器總數的30%，計劃未來三分之一的地面作戰行動將由軍用機器人承擔。據悉，美軍在2015年前就部署第一支未來機器人作戰旅（至少包括151個機器人戰士）。2016年，美軍在一次多國聯合軍事演習中，對“模塊化無人戰車”再次進行了試驗模擬測試。2020年，美國五角大樓發出一項標價1100萬美元的合同，以組建具有人類和機器人協同作戰能力的“聯合兵種班”，計劃2030年前完成15個未來作戰旅的全部建設工作。所有班成員，具有類似人一樣的視、聽、觸和嗅覺，能適時發出信息並對目標發起攻擊，甚至可以擔負自我維修與車輛維修及運輸、掃雷、偵察、巡邏等任務。美國每日科學網站報道稱，美陸軍研發了一種新技術，可迅速教會機器人在最低限度人為干預情況下完成新的穿越動作。報道稱，該技術可使移動機器人平台在作戰環境中自主導航，同時在特定情況下讓機器人完成人類期望其執行的作戰行動。目前，美陸軍科學家希望為機器人培育肌肉細胞和組織，進行生物雜交，而不是直接從活的有機體中提取，由此這種采取肌肉與機器人的組合，讓筆者聯想到電影《終結者:黑暗命運》中的半生化人葛蕾絲。

2018年4月21日，俄聯邦安全局（FSB）特戰隊在達吉斯坦傑爾賓特市，發動了一次針對極端組織恐怖分子的突襲行動，首次公開出動了配備機槍的武裝無人戰車打先鋒。美國在2018年俄羅斯紅場閱兵中發現了大批俄軍曾經在敘利亞南部與敘利亞反政府武裝交火的“天王星-9”機器人等作戰系統，向觀眾展示其外形特征。俄軍在2015年8月敘利亞戰場上使用戰斗機器人作戰連實施陣地攻堅戰，履帶式機器人沖鋒、打擊、吸引武裝分子開火，並引導自行火炮群將暴露火力點逐個摧毀，最後機器人作戰連僅用20分鐘就一舉攻下如今俄軍士兵難以攻下的高地，取得零傷亡斃敵77人戰績。

據英國《明星日報》網站報道稱，英國陸軍在一場名為“自主戰士2018”的活動中進行了大規模作戰機器人測試後，把無人機、無人駕駛汽車和戰斗人員統一到未來數十年穩居世界一流的軍隊中。未來的英軍自主軍用裝備，無論是坦克、機器人還是無人機，都可能會有腿而不是履帶或輪子。2021年年初，英國舉辦“未來海上航空力量加速日”活動後，繼續開發“即插即用”的海上自主平台開發系統，該系統接入皇家海軍的艦船後，可以簡化自動化和無人操作技術的獲取和使用過程。

除了俄羅斯、美國、英國研發裝備機器人外，其他有實力的國家也相續推出各自研制的機器人戰士，預計在未來20年內世界必將迎來陸海空機器人代替士兵執行高風險任務，未來戰場必將是無人化或人機結合一體化聯合作戰行動。世界軍事強國將掀起人機（無人機）一體化作戰試驗

空戰的樣式總是隨著航空科技的進步而在不斷發展變化。自1917年至今，隨著英國成功研制出世界第一架無人駕駛遙控飛機，無人裝備大家庭也不斷發展壯大，各種無人機日益活躍在現代戰爭的舞台上。

21世紀以來，隨著大量無人機被應用於戰場，作戰樣式不斷翻新。海灣戰爭中，無人機還僅僅限定於偵察監視、目標引導，可是到了阿富汗戰爭、伊拉克戰爭和反恐戰爭，無人機作戰能力日益凸顯，作戰樣式和方法呈現出新特點，讓世界各國看到無人機這把空中利劍，從此拉開人機（無人機）一體化作戰試驗序幕。

據報道，1993～2005年間，北約國家無人機總數增加了1.7倍，2006年前，這一數量達到11萬架。美國、北約其他國家、以色列、南非都非常重視無人偵察機和多用途無人機的研制和生產。

2019年，世界上大約有30多個國家已研制出了50多種類型無人機，有50多個國家裝備了無人機。主要種類：“密碼”無人機、多功能無人機、人工智能無人機、長時留空無人機、反導無人機、預警無人機、隱身無人機、微型無人機、空戰無人機、測繪無人機、航拍無人機。主要回收方式：自動著陸、降落傘回收、空中回收、攔阻回收。

2019年9月14日，沙特阿美石油公司的一處“世界最大石油加工設施”和油田遭襲擊後，也門胡塞武裝宣布“對此事負責”，並宣稱其使用了10架無人機對上述設施進行了攻擊。2020年1月3日，伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊下屬“聖城旅”指揮官卡西姆·蘇萊馬尼在美國對伊拉克首都巴格達國際機場凌晨發起的一場無人機突襲中被“定點清除”。2020年底，亞美尼亞和阿塞拜疆在納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫（納卡地區）的戰斗中，無人機在雙方沖突中扮演重要角色顯而易見。尤其是許多軍事專家對阿塞拜疆國防部不斷發布剛從土耳其購買的TB-2“旗手”和以色列“哈羅普”自殺式無人機打擊亞方裝甲車輛、火炮、汽車甚至步兵陣地、S-300防空導彈畫面的視頻感到十分震撼。2020年12月，中東和外高加索地區所發生的局部沖突表明，無人機的作用正日益增大。基於此，有軍事家甚至預言，21世紀將是無人機發展的“黃金時期”，無人機勢必全面取代有人戰機，並成為21世紀的“戰場主角”。

目前，美國空軍計劃擴大無人機與有人機之間的有人與無人平台組隊，到2025年90％戰機將是無人機。也就是說，較大型飛機（F-35戰機或F-22戰機）能夠控制一支附近的無人機隊。如F-35戰斗機像一種飛行傳感計算機，能夠獲得大量數據，並自行聯系、分析和判斷，最後向飛行員的頭盔顯示屏上傳結論後，由飛行員對獲取的信息進行分析和處理，根據作戰計劃、戰場態勢、編隊配備的武器等制訂作戰方案後，再下達給無人機……實現有人機指揮無人機協同作戰的目的。也就是說，有人機與無人機混合編隊，把以往由地面控制改為空中控制無人機，由飛行員直接指揮無人機作戰行動。美軍設想采用模塊化設計，以便在未來戰場作戰需要時士兵從背包中取出無人機的零部件後組裝無人機，還可利用3D打印無人機。2020年8月，美國空軍在模擬空戰中AI擊敗了頂尖的F-16戰斗機飛行員，也有力證明AI飛行員能創造性地快速“思考”，將來可能超過人類飛行員技能為時不遠。美海軍新型MQ-25“黃貂魚”艦載無人加油機將於2021年試飛，2024年具備初始作戰能力，有利於航母艦載機擴大作戰半徑。

俄羅斯從2013年起，配備了大量無人機，其中僅無人偵察機到2019年年底已超過2000架，其中大多數是輕型無人機，如參與敘利亞的軍事行動的卡拉什尼科夫無人機。下一步，俄陸軍部隊每個旅或師級單位將分別編有無人機連，空降兵部隊也將裝備大量無人機。俄北方艦隊將編有無人機團，在俄軍一些現代化軍艦上也將配備了無人機。另外，從2021年起，由喀琅施塔得集團研發的“獵戶座”察打一體無人機裝備俄軍。這種重型無人機可搭載多種制導彈藥，執行作戰任務。此外，俄軍還在試驗“牽牛星”和C-70“獵人”兩款重型無人機。這些足以表明俄羅斯在無人機研發領域已經取得重大進展。

以色列是無人機領域真正的先驅，研制的無人機不僅先進，而且還出口其他國家，已經裝備部隊包括“鳥眼”系列單兵無人機、“螢火蟲”無人機、輕型“雲雀-I”無人機、輕型“英雄”無人機、中型“雲雀-II/III”無人機、“蒼鷺”無人機等型號數百架無人機。20世紀80年代中期，以色列已研發出名為“哈比”又稱“鷹身女妖”的陸基發射巡飛無人機。“哈比”是一種能夠自主進行反雷達攻擊的“自殺式無人機，重量為135千克，可攜帶32千克的高爆炸藥，航程為500千米。由於保密原因，目前尚不知以色列國防軍裝備無人機的具體數量和型號。為了對付敵方的地地導彈等威脅性目標，以色列飛機工業公司正在研制一種高空長航時隱身無人駕駛戰斗機。該機采用隱身技術與遠距空空導彈相結合，可攜帶莫阿布導彈，突入敵方戰區後方，攔截和攻擊處於助推階段的地地導彈。

2013年2月5日，駐扎在阿富汗的英國軍隊首次采用微型無人直升機執行刺探軍情的前線工作。這種無人直升機安裝了微型攝像機，可以將拍攝到的畫面即時傳送到手持式控制終端機；可以繞角落飛行，會規避障礙物，以辨別潛在危險。下一步，英國計劃實現一架有人機能夠同時指揮5架無人機。據英國《泰晤士報》網站2021年1月26日報道，英國國防部投資3000萬英鎊，將在北愛爾蘭研發首支無人機部隊。報道稱，設計和制造原型機的合同已交給美國“勢必銳”航空系統公司。該公司在貝爾法斯特設有分部，合同預計將提供100個工作崗位。英國國防部計劃到2025年開始制造首架這種新型無人機原型機。它將配備導彈、偵察和電子戰技術裝備，成為英軍首款能夠瞄准並擊落敵方戰機、並能規避地空導彈攻擊的無人機。與其搭檔的有人戰機將能夠專注於電子戰、偵察及轟炸等任務，從而以較低的成本和降低英軍機組人員面臨的高風險。

法國海軍將在土倫附近的某基地組建首個艦載無人機中隊，為法國海軍航空兵第36F艦載機中隊。該中隊將裝備S-100無人機，搭載於海軍西北風級兩棲登陸艦上。此次艦載無人機中隊的組建，反映了法國海軍希望將無人機專業知識融入到一個單一專業團隊的願望。此前，法國海軍內部討論了建立專屬無人機中隊，以及在31F、35F或36F中隊中配備無人機的方案。

在2004年6月舉行的巴黎航展上，法國達索飛機制造公司展示的NX70神經元無人作戰飛機的全尺寸模型，使人們對歐洲無人機的發展重新產生了興趣。伊朗、土耳其、阿聯酋……一些新的國家打亂了無人機地緣政治格局，正在書寫新的一頁。

可以預測，無人機必將成為世界各國武器裝備發展中的最大亮點，成為21世紀陸戰、海戰、空戰、天戰的“撒手鐧”，成為攻防作戰中一種新生作戰力量，既能使用自身攜帶的多種對地攻擊武器對敵前沿和縱深地區地面軍事目標進行打擊，也能使用空對地導彈或炸彈對敵防空武器實施壓制；既能使用反坦克導彈等武器對敵坦克或坦克群進行攻擊，也能使用集束炸彈等武器對敵地面部隊進行轟炸；既能發現目標、判斷目標價值後就可自主發射導彈，也能對敵方指揮控制系統進行欺騙干擾，等等。世界軍事強國將掀起組建“人機（機器人無人機）”一體部隊爭鋒

隨著軍民融合的深度推進，人工智能技術的突飛猛進，大數據、雲計算、物聯網的日新月異，不僅給無人化武器裝備發展帶來巨大變革，而且還將顛覆現有軍隊力量組建形態，“人機（機器人無人機）”一體化智能型軍隊必將到來。

2015年12月，俄軍在敘利亞戰場上除派出傳統作戰力量外，還首次成建制派出一個以無人作戰平台為主的機器人作戰連參加戰斗。該連采取有人無人混合編組的新型作戰模式，構建起以“仙女座-D”自動化指揮系統為核心的智能化作戰體系，采用全維偵察和飽和攻擊相結合的作戰方式對754.5高地發起進攻，順利奪佔高地。幾年前，負責遠征作戰的美國海軍官員就提到過打造千只人機結合戰艦的願景，即由人類控制的，由相互協同的無人艦組成的更大艦隊。美國海軍宣布，計劃未來5年打造一支由10艘大型無人水面艦艇組成的無人艦隊，用於獨立作戰或與水面部隊聯合作戰。根據美國海軍當前披露的構想方案，大型無人水面艦艇組成的無人艦隊將主要協助海軍完成高度危險的作戰任務，通過與“宙斯盾”作戰系統以及其他傳感器相結合，提升有人及無人系統的協同作戰能力，其部署將有助於減少大型有人戰艦的數量需求，減少作戰中的人員傷亡。國家利益網2021年1月20日消息，美國海軍作戰部長邁克爾·吉爾戴在1月11日發布《海軍作戰部長導航計劃》文件，呼籲建立包括大型戰艦、各型無人艦、潛航器和空襲裝備的人機混合艦隊，為未來幾十年的新威脅環境做好全域作戰准備。文件中寫道：“要建立滿足部隊戰略和戰役需求的，水下、水面和水上平台，有人與無人平台混合的更大艦隊。”

在“人機（機器人無人機）”一體部隊中，靠人工智能技術達到“人機”有機結合，靠雲計算、新算法、大數據擬制“人機”協同作戰計劃。人工智能就像一台發動機，大數據+雲計算就如宇宙飛船，智能機器人就是宇航員，三者有機結合定能如虎添翼、人機一體。未來軍隊就是人機結合軍隊，班排連長由人擔任逐步被機器人所取代，機器人由人為控制逐步轉變為機器人自主決策或者機器人通過人的腦細泡進行意念控制，軍營也可能出現無食堂軍營，部隊管理也可能出現由一名或幾名軍事人員率領多台甚至幾十台具有不同分工任務的智能機器人團隊，去完成以往班排連共同完成的戰訓管理任務，亦或是軍事訓練只有一名軍事指揮人員在指揮控制中心，通過視頻指揮控制訓練場所有智能機器人進行對抗訓練，或者遠程遙控機器人指揮員實時下達新的訓練指令、調整任務部署、變換訓練場。

對軍事人才智能素質的迫切需求，也會倒逼人工智能領域一級軍事學科的設置重新調整，未來軍隊院校也將開設智能機器人控制學科，建立有關人機結合實驗室和培訓基地，重點培訓既懂計算機控制程序、智能設計與管理、圖像認知、數據挖掘、知識圖譜，又能系統掌握智能科學與技術、具有創新意識的智能型職業化軍事人才。未來軍事人才必須熟練掌握智能技術、大數據應用、雲計算，尤其是能隨時利用3D或4D打印技術制作各種軍事裝備，精通智能機器人的控制程序、指揮方式、指令下達、調整任務，熟練掌握人機一體化自主作戰協同的要領，達到人的信息化科技素質與智能機器人的高效運作的最佳結合。此外，也不排除成立人機結合班排連、作戰模擬中心、假想敵部隊、作戰分隊、智能司令部、無人化旅、師等。屆時，軍事主官也可能人機各一或者機器人給人當下手或者副手。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/bq_208581/jdt_208582/9991323888.html

#Artificial #Intelligence, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dimensionality Reduction Strikes, Dissipative Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國軍事智能化, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知戰

Chinese Military Evaluation of Foreign Armed Forces Perspectives on Multi-domain Operations

Leave a comment

中國軍方對外軍多域作戰觀點的評估

現代英語：

The opening of each combat domain will inevitably lead to a new round of changes in combat methods. Driven by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution characterized by intelligence, ubiquity and integration, emerging combat domains such as space, cyberspace, electromagnetic spectrum, and cognitive space have an increasing impact on future operations. The concept of “multi-domain combat” has emerged through cross-domain collaboration with traditional land, sea, and air combat domains to achieve complementary advantages and system efficiency, and is becoming a new combat theory that adapts to the evolution of war forms.

The concept of “multi-domain combat” was first proposed by the US military. Subsequently, the United Kingdom, France, and other NATO member states have developed the concept of “multi-domain combat” in different forms. Israel was the first to apply the concept of “multi-domain operations” in actual combat. The Russian army innovatively proposed its own “multi-domain operations” theory from the perspective of its opponents. At present, the concept of “multi-domain operations” has become an important concept that triggers a new round of changes and transformations in foreign military operations.

The concept of “multi-domain operations” is a new operational concept first proposed by the US Army and jointly promoted by other services based on the changes in operational methods in the information age.

The US military believes that the winning mechanism of the concept of “multi-domain operations” is to form multiple advantages in a specific time window through the rapid and continuous integration of all war domains (land, sea, air, space, and cyberspace) and force the enemy into a dilemma. The U.S. Army proposed to be guided by the idea of ​​”global integrated operations” and the concept of “cross-domain collaboration”, and strive to form an asymmetric advantage in future wars through “multi-domain operations”. The multi-domain task force (brigade level) will be the core combat force of the U.S. Army to implement multi-domain operations, integrating artillery, land-based tactical missiles, land aviation, cyberspace, electromagnetic spectrum, space and air defense forces, and forming multi-domain combat capabilities through cross-domain mixed formations. The U.S. Air Force actively responded to the concept of “multi-domain operations”, focused on building a joint combat command and control system, proposed the concept of multi-domain command and control, and focused on developing advanced combat management systems, sinking multi-domain operations to the tactical level to improve the agility and cross-domain collaboration capabilities of future operations. The U.S. Navy has absorbed the core idea of ​​the “multi-domain combat” concept, proposed to build an “integrated global maritime military force”, focused on developing the “distributed lethality” combat concept, and proposed to strengthen the design and exercise of global combat.

The U.S. Department of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff have gathered the ideas and mechanisms of the new combat concept of “multi-domain combat” of the military services, and proposed the top-level concept of “global combat”, aiming to form a new round of asymmetric advantages, lead the transformation of combat methods and military transformation. The global combat concept is centered on joint global command and control, aiming to integrate traditional combat domains with space, cyberspace, electromagnetic spectrum, air defense and anti-missile and cognitive domain capabilities, and compete with global competitors in a full-spectrum environment. It is reported that the concept is still in its infancy and is undergoing theoretical deepening, experimental verification, exercise evaluation and doctrine transformation, and is constantly enriching its conceptual core through multiple work lines. Among them, the US Joint Chiefs of Staff leads the transformation of concepts into policies, doctrines and requirements; the Air Force promotes the concept to maturity by developing advanced combat management systems, the Army by implementing the “Convergence Project”, and the Navy by launching the “Transcendence Project”. The US theater supports the development of multi-domain combat concepts and multi-domain combat modes through war games, project demonstrations and joint exercises.

Based on the perspective of reference and integration, NATO countries such as the United Kingdom actively participated in the development and testing of the US military’s “multi-domain operations” concept, and revised the operational concept in combination with actual conditions.

The British Ministry of Defense proposed the concept of “multi-domain integration”, which is consistent with the concept mechanism of the US military’s “multi-domain operations”, focusing on integrating operations in different domains and at different levels, preparing for the development of a joint force and maintaining competitive advantages in 2030 and beyond. The British Ministry of Defense pointed out that “integrating capabilities in different domains and at different levels through information systems, creating and utilizing synergies to gain relative advantages is the winning mechanism of the multi-domain integration concept.” The concept emphasizes gaining information advantages, shaping strategic postures, building a multi-domain combat environment, and creating and utilizing synergies. The concept raises four specific issues: how to provide an advantage over rivals by 2030 and beyond through “multi-domain integration”; how to achieve cross-domain integration of the Ministry of Defense in cooperation with allies, governments and civilian departments; how to solve the policy issues involved in the concept of “multi-domain integration”; how to promote research on defense concepts, capabilities and war development. With this as a starting point, the British Army has launched a multi-faceted, step-by-step, and systematic military transformation.

Other NATO countries are also jointly developing and innovatively applying the concept of “multi-domain operations” to varying degrees, and promoting the transformation and implementation of the concept of “multi-domain operations” in the form of joint exercises and allied cooperation. In 2019, the US Army led the “Joint Operational Assessment (2019)” exercise, which aimed to assess the combat capabilities of the Indo-Pacific Command’s multi-domain task force. Forces from France, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other countries formed a multinational task force to participate in the exercise, which assessed the multi-domain combat concepts, formations and capabilities in the combat environment from 2025 to 2028. In October 2019, the NATO Joint Air Power Competition Center held a meeting on “Shaping NATO’s Future Multi-Domain Combat Posture”. In order to shape NATO’s future multi-domain combat posture, it explored and studied military thinking, multi-domain combat forces, multi-domain combat operations and training joint forces. In June 2020, the NATO Command and Control Center of Excellence released a white paper on the Multi-Domain Operations Command and Control Demonstration Platform, which aims to respond to threats and challenges in multiple operational domains with a decentralized, data-driven integrated environment by bridging the command and control gap between technology and operators, tactics and campaign levels, and academia and the military.

Based on the perspective of its opponents, the Russian army seeks a way to crack it on the one hand, and on the other hand, based on the winning mechanism of “cross-domain operations”, it combines its own characteristics to innovate combat theories

After the US military proposed the concept of “multi-domain operations”, the Russian army actively sought a way to crack it based on its own security interests. In December 2020, the Russian magazine “Air and Space Power Theory and Practice” published an article titled “Argument for the Use of Aviation Power to Break the Enemy’s Large-Scale Joint Air Strikes in Multi-Domain Operations”, which stated that large-scale joint air strikes are the initial stage for NATO countries to implement multi-domain operations. Large-scale coordinated operations will be carried out against Russia’s most important key facilities, creating conditions for subsequent decisive actions by NATO joint armed forces. The Russian army must comprehensively use the reconnaissance and strike system composed of the aviation forces of the theater forces to cause unbearable losses to the enemy, break its large-scale joint air strikes, and force NATO’s initial stage goals of multi-domain operations to fail to be achieved, causing NATO’s political and military leadership to abandon the attempt to continue to implement multi-domain operations.

On the other hand, the Russian army proposed the “military unified information space” theory for the new combat method of “cross-domain combat”. Its core idea is: to use modern information technology to establish a networked command and control system to achieve the deep integration of the army’s command, communication, reconnaissance, firepower, support and other elements, thereby improving the battlefield situation perception capability and combat command efficiency. The Russian military continues to promote theoretical development around the realization of cross-domain combat capabilities: first, relying on the unified information space of the army to establish a network-centric command model; second, introducing artificial intelligence into the command and control system to achieve the unification of the physical domain and the cognitive domain; third, developing network, space and underwater combat forces to gain advantages in emerging combat fields; fourth, establishing a unified military standard system to enhance the interoperability of forces and weapons. The Russian military has not completely absorbed the Western concept of “multi-domain combat”, nor has it completely denied the beneficial elements of the Western “multi-domain combat”, but has combined its own absorption of some advanced combat ideas of “multi-domain combat” to enrich its own unique combat theory.

Based on the perspective of combat needs, Israel took the lead in applying the concept of “multi-domain combat” on the Gaza battlefield, and used the multi-domain combat force “Ghost” as the main combat force.

The Israeli army believes that multi-domain joint combat is an inevitable trend in the development of future wars. For Israel, which mainly relies on ground combat, by integrating land, air, cyberspace, electromagnetic spectrum and sea elite forces, it can quickly identify, track and destroy enemy targets, and further improve the lethality of the Israeli army. This concept is in line with the concept of “multi-domain combat” proposed by the US Army. Under the guidance of this concept, the Israeli army formed the “Ghost” force and took the lead in actual combat testing on the Gaza battlefield. In the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in May 2021, Israel used the “Ghost” combat battalion for the first time to implement multi-domain operations in the code-named “Wall Guardian” operation against Hamas, which was called the world’s first “artificial intelligence war”. The Israeli army mainly relied on machine learning and data collection in this war, and artificial intelligence became a key component of combat and a force multiplier for the first time. In the operation to clear the Hamas tunnel network, the Israeli army used big data fusion technology to pre-identify and target, and then dispatched 160 fighter jets to carry out precise strikes, which greatly destroyed the Hamas tunnel network and achieved air control over the ground; in the attack on Hamas rocket launchers, the Israeli fighter pilots, ground intelligence forces and naval forces used command and control systems to quickly find targets and carry out real-time precise strikes, quickly shaping a favorable battle situation.

According to the Israeli army, the “Ghost” force is very different from traditional forces in terms of combat organization, weapon configuration and combat methods. The unit is temporarily organized under the 98th Paratrooper Division of Israel, including the brigade reconnaissance battalion, the ground forces of the Paratrooper Brigade, the armored brigade, the engineering corps, the special forces, the F-16 squadron and the Apache helicopter, as well as the “Heron” drone and other multi-domain combat forces. Through the use of multi-domain sensors and precision strike weapons, cross-domain maneuvers and strikes are achieved, “changing the battlefield situation in a very short time”. The battalion was established in July 2019. Although it is a ground force, it integrates multi-domain combat forces such as air strikes, network reconnaissance, precision firepower, electronic confrontation, intelligence interconnection and maritime assault. It is a battalion-level combat unit with division-level combat capabilities. After its establishment, the unit has continuously improved its multi-domain integration and cross-domain strike capabilities through exercises, and has quickly exerted two major functions with the support of the newly developed artificial intelligence technology platform: one is to serve as an elite weapon on the battlefield and fight in an asymmetric manner; the other is to serve as a test unit to continuously innovate and develop new combat concepts, combat theories and technical equipment, and to promote successful experiences to other units at any time.

現代國語：

褚 睿 劉瑤琦

每一個作戰域的開闢，必將引發新一輪作戰方式的變革。在以智慧、泛在、融合為特點的新一輪科技革命和產業革命的加速推動下，太空、網絡空間、電磁頻譜、認知空間等新興作戰域對未來作戰影響日益增大，透過與傳統陸、海、空作戰域跨域協同實現優勢互補、體系增效的「多域作戰理論」概念應而生，正成為適應戰爭形態演進的新型作戰理論。

「多域作戰」概念最早由美軍提出。隨後，英國、法國以及其他北約成員國均以不同形式發展「多域作戰」概念。以色列率先將「多域作戰」概念運用於實戰。俄軍從對手視角創新提出了自己的「多域作戰」理論。當前，「多域作戰」概念已成為引發外軍新一輪作戰方式變革轉型的重要概念。

「多域作戰」概念是基於資訊時代作戰方式變革，由美陸軍率先提出、其他軍種協力推進的新型作戰概念

美軍認為，透過所有戰爭領域（陸、海、空、太空、網路空間）快速且持續的整合，在特定時間窗口形成多重優勢，迫使敵人陷入困境是「多域作戰」概念的製勝機理。美陸軍提出以「全球一體化作戰」思想和「跨域協同」理念為指導，力求透過「多域作戰」方式形成未來戰爭非對稱優勢。多域特遣部隊（旅級）將是美陸軍實施多域作戰的核心作戰力量，集砲兵、陸基戰術導彈、陸航、網絡空間、電磁頻譜、太空以及防空力量於一身，通過跨域混合編組形成多域作戰能力。美空軍積極響應「多域作戰」概念，著眼於建構聯合作戰指揮與控制體系，提出多域指揮與控制概念，聚力開發先進作戰管理系統，將多域作戰向戰術級下沉，以提高未來作戰的敏捷性和跨域協同能力。美國海軍吸納“多域作戰”概念的核心思想，提出打造“一體化全局海上軍事力量”，重點開發“分佈式殺傷”作戰概念，提出加強全局作戰設計和演習。

美國國防部和參聯會匯集軍種「多域作戰」新型作戰概念的思想與機理，提出了「全局作戰」頂層概念，旨在瞄準形成新一輪非對稱優勢，牽引作戰方式變革與軍事轉型。全局作戰概念以聯合全局指揮與控制為核心，旨在將傳統作戰域與太空、網絡空間、電磁頻譜、防空反導和認知領域等能力整合在一起，與全球性競爭對手在全頻譜的環境中競爭。據悉，該概念目前尚處於萌芽期，正在進行理論深化、試驗驗證、演習評估和條令轉化，並通過多條工作線，不斷豐富其概念內核。其中美軍參聯會領導概念向政策、條令和需求轉化；空軍通過開發先進作戰管理系統、陸軍通過實施“融合項目”、海軍通過啟動“超越項目”共同推動該概念走向成熟。美戰區透過兵棋推演、項目展示和聯合演習等形式支援多域作戰概念和多域作戰模式開發。

英國等北約國家基於借鑑與融入視角，積極參與美軍「多域作戰」概念的發展與試驗，並結合實際修訂作戰概念

英國國防部提出了「多域融合」概念，與美軍「多域作戰」概念機理相一致，著重於整合不同領域和不同層次的作戰，為2030年及以後發展一支聯合部隊、保持競爭優勢做準備。英國國防部指出，「透過資訊系統整合不同領域和不同層級的能力，創造和利用協同效應，以獲得相對優勢，是多域融合概念的製勝機理。」該概念強調奪取資訊優勢、塑造戰略態勢、構設多域作戰環境、創造和利用協同效應。該概念提出4個具體問題：如何透過「多域融合」為2030年及以後提供超越對手的優勢；如何實現國防部與盟友、政府和民事部門合作的跨域融合；如何解決「多域融合」概念涉及的政策問題；如何促進國防概念、能力和戰爭發展方面的研究。以此為抓手，英軍開啟了多面向、分步驟、體系化的軍事轉型。

其他北約國家也正在不同程度地聯合開發和創新運用「多域作戰」概念，並以聯合演習、盟國協作等形式推動「多域作戰」概念轉化落地。 2019年美陸軍領導開展的、旨在評估印太司令部多域特遣部隊作戰能力的「聯合作戰評估（2019）」演習中，法國、加拿大、澳大利亞、新西蘭等國部隊組成多國任務組織參與其中，評估了2025-2028年作戰環境下的多域作戰概念、編組、能力。 2019年10月，北約聯合空中力量競爭中心召開了「塑造北約未來的多域作戰態勢」會議，為塑造北約未來多域作戰態勢，從軍事思想、多域作戰力量、多域作戰行動和訓練聯合部隊等方面進行了探索和研究。 2020年6月，北約指揮控制卓越中心發布了多域作戰指揮控制演示平台白皮書，旨在通過彌合技術和作戰人員、戰術和戰役層面、學術界和軍方之間的指揮控制鴻溝，以分散、數據驅動的綜合環境來應對多個作戰域的威脅與挑戰。

俄軍基於對手視角，一方面尋求破解之道，另一方面基於「跨域作戰」制勝機理，結合自身特點創新作戰理論

美軍提出「多域作戰」概念後，俄軍基於自身安全利益考量，積極尋求破解之道。 2020年12月，俄羅斯《空天力量理論與實踐》雜志刊發《論證運用航空力量打破敵方多域作戰中大規模聯合空襲》的文章，認為大規模聯合空襲是北約國家實施多域作戰的初始階段，將對俄羅斯最為重要的關鍵設施實施大規模協同作戰，為北約聯合武裝力量後續決定性行動創造條件。俄軍必須綜合運用戰區部隊的航空力量組成的偵察打擊系統，給敵造成無法承受的損失，打破其大規模聯合空襲，迫使北約多域作戰初始階段目標無法實現，致使北約政治軍事領導層放棄繼續實施多域作戰的企圖。

另一方面，俄軍針對「跨域作戰」這種新型作戰方式，提出了「軍隊統一資訊空間」理論，其核心思想是：利用現代資訊技術建立網絡化的指揮控制系統，以實現全軍指揮、通信、偵察、火力、保障等要素的深度融合，進而提升戰場態勢感知能力與作戰指揮效率。圍繞實現跨域作戰能力，俄軍持續推進理論開發：一是依托軍隊統一資訊空間，建立網絡中心指揮模式；二是將人工智慧引入指揮控制系統，實現物理域與認知域的統一；三是發展網絡、太空和水下作戰力量，爭取新興作戰領域優勢；四是建立統一的軍事標準體系，提升兵力兵器互操作能力。俄軍沒有全盤吸收西方「多域作戰」概念，也沒有全盤否定西方「多域作戰」有益成分，而是結合自身將「多域​​作戰」的一些先進作戰思想吸收，充實自身特色的作戰理論。

以色列基於作戰需求視角，率先運用「多域作戰」概念於加薩戰場，將多域作戰力量「幽靈」部隊作為主要作戰力量

以軍認為，多域聯合作戰是未來戰爭發展的必然趨勢，對於以地面作戰為主的以色列而言，透過整合陸上、空中、網絡空間、電磁頻譜和海上精銳力量，迅速識別、追踪和摧毀敵方目標，能夠進一步提高以軍的殺傷力。這一理念與美陸軍提出的「多域作戰」概念一脈相承。在這一理念的指導下，以軍組建了「幽靈」部隊，並率先在加薩戰場上進行了實戰檢驗。在2021年5月的巴以沖突中，以色列在對哈馬斯的代號為「城牆衛士」行動中首次運用「幽靈」戰鬥營實施了多域作戰，被稱為世界上第一場「人工智慧戰爭」。以軍在這場戰爭中主要依靠機器學習和數據收集，人工智慧首次成為作戰的關鍵組成部分和力量倍增器。在對哈馬斯地道網的清除行動中，以軍通過大數據融合技術進行預先識別和瞄準，而後出動戰機160架次進行精確打擊，極大破壞了哈馬斯的地道網，實現以空制地；在對哈馬斯火箭發射裝置的打擊中，以軍戰鬥機飛行員、地面情報部隊和海軍部隊之間使用和控制系統，快速指揮目標

根據以軍的說法，「幽靈」部隊在作戰編成、武器配置和作戰方式等方面與傳統部隊迥然不同。該部隊編制暫屬以色列第98傘兵師，包括旅偵察營、傘兵旅的地面部隊，裝甲旅、工程兵、特種部隊，F-16中隊和阿帕奇直升機，以及“蒼鷺”無人機等多域作戰力量，通過使用多域傳感器和精確打擊武器，實現跨域機動與打擊，“在極短時間內改變戰場局勢”。該營成立於2019年7月，雖然是一支地面部隊，但它整合了空中打擊、網絡偵防、精確火力、電子對抗、情報互聯以及海上突擊等多域作戰力量，是具備師旅級作戰能力的營級作戰單元。該部隊組建以後，不斷通過演習提升多域融合和跨域打擊能力，並在新開發的人工智能技術平台的支撐下迅速發揮兩大功能：一是在戰場上作為精兵利器，以非對稱方式作戰；二是作為試驗部隊，不斷創新和發展新型作戰概念、作戰理論和技術裝備，隨時將成功經驗推廣到其他部隊。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/xxqj_207719/xxjt/ll/10068139888.html

#Artificial #Intelligence, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese Military Future Wars, Command information Systems, Dissipative Warfare, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, 認知戰

Operational Window: Chinese Military New Perspectives for Implementing Cross-Domain Collaborative Operations

Leave a comment

作戰窗口：中國軍隊實施跨域協同作戰的新視角

現代英語：

The combat window refers to the time and space range that is chosen to stimulate the effectiveness of the system’s combat cycle and is conducive to the joint combat force’s implementation of cross-domain coordinated operations. The concept of combat window comes from fighter jets. It is an innovative development of the theory of joint combat command under the new situation. It will be more widely used than fighter jets in combat command activities. Whether the selection of fighter jets in the confrontation of the joint combat force system can be regarded as a form of “combat window” directly affects the commander’s vision. In the complex and changeable information battlefield environment, the combat window has gradually become a new basis for the joint combat force to implement cross-domain coordinated operations, which is of great significance for seizing the initiative on the battlefield and shaping a favorable situation.

Constructing a combat window to highlight the comprehensiveness of cross-domain collaborative combat preparations

The theater joint command should closely follow the combat missions, opponents, and environment, firmly grasp the strategic and campaign initiative, strengthen the pre-positioning of joint combat resources, actively optimize the battlefield environment, and create conditions for establishing combat windows.

Carry out careful and continuous joint reconnaissance around the operational window. The time and space scope of the operational window includes the time interval and the strike area for attacking enemy targets. Among them, the strike area is generally centered on the strike target, which refers to a relatively closed space that can regulate the system combat forces to maintain comprehensive control over the local battlefield and is suitable for attacking enemy node targets. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of operations in the operational window area, its periphery can be divided into warning patrol areas, interception and annihilation areas, and defensive combat areas to provide support and guarantee for it. The joint command agency should focus on the reporting needs of priority intelligence and warning information in the operational window, and comprehensively use the reconnaissance and early warning forces and means of various services to implement careful, continuous and focused joint reconnaissance to obtain intelligence and warning information in the operational window area and its peripheral areas. If necessary, strategic reconnaissance and early warning forces can be coordinated to provide intelligence support, eliminate reconnaissance and early warning blind spots in the time and space of the operational window, and ensure that the flow of intelligence and warning information from acquisition to use is efficient and stable.

Predict the combat window and timely adjust the cycle plan of the combat readiness training of the task force. The scale and intensity of the high alert state maintained by the task forces of various services and arms greatly restricts the time and space scope of the combat window. Periodically maintaining a high state of alert requires the task forces of various services and arms to manage and operate in accordance with the state of war, which is an important indicator of the combat effectiveness of the task force. At present, the task force should carry out daily management and training in accordance with the three states of combat readiness, training, and preparation. The purpose is to ensure that a considerable number of combat-capable forces can carry out combat window tasks at any time and continuously improve their actual combat level. Non-combat-capable forces should coordinate resources and concentrate on training to generate system combat capabilities. The preparation period is in the interval between combat readiness training. The combat personnel should be flexibly organized to rest, repair equipment and conduct necessary training to create conditions for transitioning to the training cycle or combat readiness cycle. By predicting the combat window, the theater joint command timely adjusts the cycle plan of combat readiness training for large-scale task forces, so that they are rhythmically and regularly in a high state of alert, providing a force basis for implementing window operations.

Focus on the operational window and roll out the linkage operation of cross-domain collaborative combat plans. Since the operational window is often fleeting, the completeness of the cross-domain collaborative combat plans of various services and arms formulated around the operational window may be greatly reduced. Therefore, the theater joint command should gather the collective wisdom of commanders and their command organs, rely on the command information system, and roll out the formulation of cross-domain collaborative combat plans through systematic, procedural, and professional fast command linkage operations. Command linkage operations involve linkage operations of superior and subordinate command agencies, linkage operations of the entire process of reconnaissance, control, attack, protection, and evaluation, and human-machine interaction linkage operations. The implementation of command linkage operations should unify operational intentions, focus on operational windows, use the command operation platform for situation sharing, carry out parallel operations in a coordinated manner, conduct periodic operational planning, conduct situation analysis at any time, follow up on operational concepts, enhance the credibility of simulation and evaluation, and simultaneously formulate and improve cross-domain collaborative combat plans. The implementation of linkage operations helps to shorten the formulation time of cross-domain collaborative combat plans, improve the feasibility of plans, and seize the opportunity of operational windows as soon as possible.

Applying combat windows to highlight the effectiveness of cross-domain collaborative combat system confrontation

The theater joint command should make decisive decisions to launch operations based on careful planning and comprehensive preparation in response to different combat objectives and tasks, different attributes of combat opponents, and different combat types and styles, and quickly seize the initiative on the battlefield in the combat window.

Superimpose the effectiveness of the combat system. The task forces of various services and arms work closely together within the time and space of the combat window, work together as a whole, and focus on combat tasks to form a system combat effect. At present, with the rapid development of military science and technology and the continuous adjustment and optimization of new combat forces, precision, automation, intelligence, and unmanned weapons and equipment are being used more and more widely. Within a specific combat window, almost every service and arms has more or less the means to accurately strike enemy targets in multiple domains over long distances. Even land-based task forces have the ability to accurately strike enemy targets at long distances and the ability to project troops near the coast, which enables the task forces of various services and arms to carry out compound strikes within the combat window, becoming the preferred method for joint operations to strike enemy targets. Compared with a single service and arms, compound strikes of multiple services and arms will produce more powerful, more accurate, more stable, and faster compound strike effectiveness. The compound strike effectiveness of the task forces of various services and arms focuses on combat targets within the combat window, which will cause the value of cross-domain collaborative combat effectiveness to increase sharply, and the superimposed effect will be more obvious.

Converge combat support resources. Combat support resources are material factors that affect the selection and application of combat windows, involving many resources such as reconnaissance and intelligence support, information support, and rear-end support. Implementing converged support and support for the theater in wartime is the key to applying the combat window. The combat support of friendly theaters will enable the task force to maintain a high level of combat readiness, and commanders will have more combat options; the aerospace information support and network combat support provided by the strategic support force will be an important support in the field of joint reconnaissance and intelligence, and information operations; and the joint logistics support force is the main force for implementing joint logistics support and strategic and campaign support, and the volatility of the combat capability of the theater task force is largely restricted by this. In this regard, by clarifying the mission and tasks, command authority, institutional mechanisms, and laws and regulations of the combat support force, we will actively gather combat support resources around the combat window, implement integrated, comprehensive and efficient support, and greatly improve the system effectiveness of cross-domain collaborative operations.

Regulate the operational fluctuation cycle. The joint command command command of the task forces of various services and arms to carry out strike operations against enemy targets. Before the operation, it is necessary to convert the combat readiness level, conduct coordinated exercises, and deploy to the standby area. Even if the task force is faster in preparation for strikes, more skilled in strike methods, and more optimized in strike processes, it needs to be completed within the corresponding time period. At the same time, commanders and combatants will be affected by combat fatigue, resulting in a significant reduction in command decision-making efficiency and strike effectiveness, which greatly restricts the extension of combat duration and makes the fluctuation cycle of the combat capability of the task force more obvious. After the strike operation, the replenishment and rest of combat personnel, the maintenance and repair of weapons and equipment, and the summary and review of combat experience and lessons all require an adjustment cycle. Commanders need to timely regulate the fluctuation cycle of the task force’s strike capability according to the different combat methods and weapon and equipment damage mechanisms of various services and arms, clarify the combat threshold of the task force, and minimize the interference of combat fluctuations as much as possible, thereby greatly improving the cross-domain collaborative combat capability.

Maintain the operational window and highlight the stability of battlefield control in cross-domain collaborative operations

The theater joint command should strictly control the scale and intensity of window operations, strengthen joint management and control, strictly control combat costs, improve combat effectiveness, actively create a favorable battlefield situation, avoid combat passivity, and prevent window operations from expanding into full-scale operations.

Strengthen battlefield linkage control. Battlefield control by various services plays an important role in shaping a stable combat situation, strengthening multi-domain space control, and maintaining combat windows. Strengthen the control of cross-domain collaborative combat battlefield space, including battlefield spaces such as land, sea, air, space, and network, as well as electromagnetic spectrum and time-space reference battlefield space. Among them, the battlefield control area is mainly divided into combat window areas, strategic support areas, alert isolation areas, frontier warning areas, and friendly support areas in various fields. Under the unified command and control of commanders and command agencies, the task forces of various services and arms clarify the primary and secondary relationships of cross-domain collaborative control, clarify control rules, mechanisms and disciplines, adopt a variety of control methods, and comprehensively use command information systems and other advanced technical means to vigorously strengthen the timeliness and accuracy of battlefield linkage control.

Comprehensively evaluate the combat effectiveness. The command organization should closely follow the formulation process of the cross-domain collaborative combat plan of the combat window, closely follow the collaborative control instructions, closely follow the collaborative actions of the task force, and closely follow the actual collaborative support, and implement rapid, efficient, and continuous performance and effectiveness evaluation during the window operation. Focusing on the achievement of combat objectives, adapting to the characteristics of window operations with full-domain linkage, comprehensively using a variety of combat evaluation tools and means, integrating system evaluation algorithms, data and capabilities, optimizing the evaluation system dominated by combat effectiveness, process management, information support, and human-in-the-loop, forming an evaluation model that matches combat orders, actions, and effects, and combines combat performance with effectiveness indicator judgment, thereby improving the accuracy and timeliness of combat window effect evaluation.

Actively shape the new battlefield situation. After continuous preparations for military struggle against the enemy, interactive deterrence and control, and limited strikes within the combat window, the state and situation formed by the enemy and us in terms of combat force comparison, deployment and action are relatively stable, thus forming a battlefield situation under the new situation, and its development trend is also predictable and expected. Commanders and their command organs continue to have a deep understanding of the characteristics and laws of the enemy situation, our situation and battlefield environment in this strategic direction, and have a clear understanding of the basic outline of the future struggle situation. They can clarify future combat objectives and measures, and their confidence in winning will gradually increase, creating conditions for determining the next round of combat windows.

現代國語：

劉 陽 李志華

引言

作戰窗口，是指為激發體係作戰週期效能而選擇的有利於聯合作戰力量實施跨域協同作戰的時空範圍。作戰窗口概念來自戰機，是戰機在新局勢下聯合作戰指揮理論的創新發展，在作戰指揮活動中將比戰機應用更廣泛。能否將聯合作戰力量體系對抗中戰機的選擇看作「作戰窗口」的形式，直接影響了指揮的眼界。在複雜多變的資訊化戰場環境下，作戰窗口逐漸成為聯合作戰力量實施跨域協同作戰的新基點，對奪取戰場主動，塑造有利態勢，具有重要意義。

構設作戰窗口，突顯跨域協同作戰準備的全面性

戰區聯指應緊貼作戰任務、戰鬥對手、作戰環境,牢牢掌握戰略戰役主動權，加強聯合作戰資源預設，積極優化戰場環境，為構設作戰窗口創造條件。

圍繞作戰窗口實施周密持續的聯合偵察。作戰窗口的時空範圍包括打擊敵目標的時間區間與打擊地幅。其中，打擊地幅一般以打擊目標為中心，指能調控體係作戰力量持續維持局部戰場綜合控制權、適合打擊敵節點目標的相對密閉空間。為確保在作戰窗口區順利實施作戰，其外圍可區分為警戒巡邏區、攔截阻殲區與防禦作戰區等為其提供支撐保障。聯指機關應圍繞作戰窗口優先情報告警信息的提報需求，綜合運用諸軍兵種偵察預警力量和手段，為獲取作戰窗口區及其外圍區域的情報告警信息實施周密持續有重點的聯合偵察。必要時可協調戰略偵察預警力量提供情報支援，消除作戰窗口時空的偵察預警盲區，確保情報告警信息從獲取至運用的流轉過程高效穩定。

預測作戰窗口及時調整任務部隊戰備訓練的週期計畫。諸軍兵種任務部隊保持高度戒備狀態的規模強度極大限製作戰窗口的時空範圍。週期性保持高度戒備狀態，要求諸軍兵種任務部隊依照臨戰狀態進行管理運作，是體現任務部隊戰鬥力高低的重要標誌。當前任務部隊應依照戰備、訓練、整備三種狀態進行日常管理和訓練，目的是確保相當規模的能戰兵力可隨時遂行作戰窗口任務並不斷提高實行水平，非能戰兵力應統籌資源集中精力進行系統作戰能力的生成訓練。整備期則處於戰備訓練間隙，應機動靈活組織作戰人員休息、裝備維修和必要訓練，為轉入訓練週期或戰備週期創造條件。戰區聯指透過預測作戰窗口，及時調整較大規模任務部隊戰備訓練的周期計劃，使其有節奏、規律地處於高度戒備狀態，為實施窗口作戰提供力量基礎。

聚焦作戰視窗滾動組織跨域協同作戰方案計畫的聯動作業。由於作戰窗口往往稍縱即逝，圍繞作戰窗口應急制定的諸軍兵種跨域協同作戰方案計劃的完備性可能會大打折扣。因此戰區聯指應凝聚指揮員及其指揮機關的集體智慧，依靠指揮資訊系統，透過體系化、程序化、專業化的快速指揮聯動作業，滾動組織擬制跨域協同作戰方案計劃。指揮聯動作業涉及上下級指揮機構聯動作業、偵控打保評全流程聯動作業及人機交互聯動作業等。實施指揮聯動作業應統一作戰意圖，聚焦作戰窗口，利用態勢共享的指揮作業平台，聯動展開平行作業，進行週期性的作戰規劃，隨時開展研判態勢，跟進提出作戰構想，增強推演評估的可信度，同步擬制並日臻完善跨域協同作戰的方案計劃。實施聯動作業有助於縮短跨域協同作戰方案計畫的製定時間，提高方案計畫的可行性，儘早掌握作戰窗口的先機。

應用作戰窗口，突顯跨域協同作戰體系對抗的效能性

戰區聯指應針對不同作戰目的任務，不同作戰對手屬性，不同作戰類型樣式，在精心籌劃和全面準備的基礎上，果斷決策發起作戰，迅速奪取作戰窗口的戰場主動權。

疊加作戰體系效能。諸軍兵種任務部隊在作戰窗口時空範圍內密切協同，整體聯動，聚焦作戰任務形成體係作戰效果。目前隨著軍事科技的快速發展與新銳作戰力量不斷調整優化，精確化、自動化、智慧化、無人化的武器裝備應用越來越廣泛，在特定的作戰窗口範圍內，幾乎每個軍兵種都或多或少地具備遠程多域精確打擊敵目標的手段。即使是陸戰型任務部隊，也具備較遠距離的精確遠火打擊能力與近海兵力投送能力，這就使得諸軍兵種任務部隊在作戰窗口內實施複合打擊，成為聯合作戰打擊敵目標的首選方式。多軍兵種複合打擊與單一軍兵種相比，將會產生更猛、更準、更穩、更快的複合打擊效能。諸軍兵種任務部隊的複合打擊效能在作戰窗口範圍內聚焦作戰目標，將促使跨域協同作戰效能的量值陡增，疊加效果更加顯現。

匯聚作戰保障資源。作戰保障資源是影響作戰窗口選擇應用的物質因素，涉及偵察情報保障、資訊保障與後裝保障等諸多資源。戰時對本戰區實施匯聚式支援保障是應用作戰窗口的關鍵。友鄰戰區的作戰支援將使任務部隊保持較高的戰備水平，指揮官將具有更多的作戰選擇性；戰略支援部隊提供的航天資訊支援、網路作戰支援將是聯合偵察情報、資訊作戰領域的重要支撐；而聯勤保障部隊是實施聯勤保障和戰略戰役支援保障的主要力量，戰區任務部隊作戰能力的波動性很大程度上受此制約。對此，透過明確作戰保障力量的使命任務、指揮權限、體制機制與法規制度等約束激勵手段，主動圍繞作戰窗口匯聚作戰保障資源，實施一體化綜合高效保障，大力提升跨域協同作戰的體系效能。

調控作戰波動週期。聯指機關指揮諸軍兵種任務部隊對敵目標實施打擊行動，其行動前需進行戰備等級轉換、協同演練與機動展開至待機地域等。即使任務部隊打擊準備速度再快，打擊方法再熟練，打擊流程再優化，也需要在相應的時間週期內完成。同時指揮與戰鬥人員會受到作戰疲勞的影響，造成指揮決策效率、打擊效能大幅降低，極大限製作戰持續時間的延長，使得任務部隊作戰能力的波動週期更加明顯。而打擊行動結束後，作戰人員的補充休整，武器裝備的保養修理，作戰經驗教訓的總結檢討，均需要一個調整週期。指揮員需根據諸軍兵種作戰方式與武器裝備毀傷機理的不同，及時調控任務部隊打擊能力的變化波動週期，明確任務部隊的能戰閾值，盡可能減少作戰波動幹擾，從而大幅提升跨域協同作戰能力。

維持作戰窗口，突顯跨域協同作戰戰場管控的穩定性

戰區聯指應嚴格控制窗口作戰的規模強度，加強連動管控，嚴控作戰成本，提升作戰效益，積極塑造有利戰場態勢，避免作戰被動，防止將窗口作戰擴大成全面作戰。

加強戰場聯動管控。諸軍兵種戰場管控對塑造穩定的作戰態勢，加強多域空間管制，維持作戰窗口有重要作用。加強跨域協同作戰戰場空間的管控，包括陸地、海洋、空中、太空、網路等戰場空間，以及電磁頻譜與時空基準戰場空間等。其中，戰場管控區域重點劃分為各領域的作戰窗口區、戰略支撐區、警戒隔離區、前沿預警區以及友鄰支援區等，諸軍兵種任務部隊在指揮員及指揮機關的統一指揮控制下，釐清跨域協同管控的主次關係，明確管控規則、機製與紀律，採用多種管控方法，綜合用級管控法

全面評估作戰效果。指揮機構應緊貼作戰窗口跨域協同作戰方案計畫的製定流程，緊貼協同控制指令，緊貼任務部隊協同動作，緊貼協同保障實際，在窗口作戰過程中實施快速、高效、持續的績效與效力評估。圍繞作戰目的的達成，適應全局聯動的窗口作戰特點，綜合運用多種作戰評估工具和手段，集成系統評估的算法、數據與能力於一體，優化作戰效益主導、流程管理、資訊支撐、人在迴路的評估體系，形成作戰命令、行動、效果的相互匹配，績效與效力時效力時相互結合的評估模式，從而提高作戰後效性指標的準確性和時效性指標的準確性和效能性指標。從而提高作戰時效性指標。

主動塑造戰場新態。經過平時持續對敵軍事鬥爭準備、互動懾控以及作戰窗口內有限的打擊較量後，敵我雙方在作戰力量對比、部署和行動等方面形成的狀態和形勢表現相對穩定，從而形成塑造了新形勢下的戰場態勢，其發展趨勢也顯得可預測、可期望。指揮者及其指揮機關對本戰略方向的敵情、我情與戰場環境的特點規律不斷深度掌握，對未來鬥爭形勢的基本輪廓走向就有了清晰認識，就能明確今後的作戰目標舉措，打贏自信也會逐步增強，為確定下一輪的作戰窗口創造了條件。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2018-12/06/content_222435888.htm

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭

Chinese Military Intelligent Warfare Imminent

Leave a comment

中國軍事智慧化戰爭迫在眉睫

現代英語：

At present, accelerating the development of military intelligence is becoming a consensus among the world’s superpowers. Artificial intelligence technology is accelerating its penetration into the military field and has become an important driving force for military reform. It will inevitably give rise to new combat styles and change the internal mechanism of war. We should firmly grasp the new quality growth point of military intelligence to enhance the combat effectiveness of the army, organically integrate military theory, science and technology, and military applications, intelligently upgrade traditional combat fields, and innovate combat concepts, so that the “intelligent factor” radiates from weapons and equipment to all aspects of military construction, and focus on breakthroughs in key areas such as military theory systems, command information systems, unmanned combat systems, comprehensive support systems, and new combat forces, and promote the reshaping, reconstruction, transformation and upgrading of combat systems.

Artificial intelligence stimulates new developments in theory

When new military technologies, operational concepts, and organizational structures interact to significantly enhance military operational capabilities, they will promote new military changes. The increasingly widespread application of artificial intelligence in the military field is becoming an important driver of military change, thereby giving rise to new operational styles and changing the internal mechanism of winning wars.

Innovative combat theory. New disruptive technologies in the field of intelligence have opened up new space for innovation in military theory. Integrating precision strike ammunition and unmanned equipment into the network information system will give rise to new intelligent combat theories such as “distributed killing”, “multi-domain warfare”, “combat cloud”, “swarm tactics”, and “intelligent security warfare”; combining intelligent technology with information dominance theory, relying on one’s own information advantages and decision-making advantages, cutting off and delaying the opponent’s information and decision-making loops in the decentralized battlefield network will become the key to winning intelligent warfare. Enrich combat styles. With the development and maturity of intelligent technology and the large-scale deployment of unmanned autonomous combat platforms, unmanned combat will become a disruptive new combat style that dominates future battlefields. Infiltrate the entire process of warfare with intelligent elements, use intelligent perception, intelligent decision-making, intelligent control, and unmanned platforms to innovate the combat process. Use unmanned systems and manned systems in coordination, cluster and plan the use of unmanned combat platforms to enrich combat styles. Expand combat forces. The widespread application of intelligent systems and unmanned combat platforms will further enrich the connotation of new combat forces, and various “mixed” new combat forces will be applied on the battlefield. With the construction and application of the Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing technologies in the military field, new combat forces such as space and networks will play an increasingly important role in future wars.

Accelerate the intelligent upgrade of command systems

The intelligence of command information systems is the key to achieving a leap forward in combat command means and forming decision-making advantages. In future wars, the battlefield space will be unprecedentedly expanded, the elements of war will be extremely rich, the tempo of confrontation will be significantly accelerated, and the combat system will change dynamically. There is an urgent need for the in-depth application of intelligent technology in battlefield perception, command decision-making, and human-computer interaction.

In terms of intelligent perception, intelligent sensing and networking technologies are adopted to widely and rapidly deploy various intelligent perception nodes, conduct active collaborative detection for tasks, and build a transparent and visible digital combat environment. Relying on technologies such as data mining and knowledge graphs, intelligent processing in aspects such as multi-source intelligence fusion and battlefield situation analysis is carried out to dispel the fog of war, analyze the enemy’s combat intentions, and predict the development of the battle situation. In terms of intelligent decision-making, by constructing combat model rules, using actuarial, detailed, deep and expert reasoning methods, commanders are assisted in making quick decisions in multi-level planning and ad hoc handling of strategies, campaigns, tactics, etc.; using machine learning, neural network and other technologies to create a “command brain” to learn and apply the laws of war and the art of command in terms of planning, strategy planning, and battle situation control, and expand the wisdom of commanders with machine intelligence. In terms of intelligent interaction, we comprehensively utilize intelligent interaction technologies such as feature recognition, semantic understanding, virtual augmented reality, holographic touch, and brain-computer interface to summarize and analyze the behavioral characteristics of commanders, build new human-computer interaction environments such as holographic projection digital sandbox, immersive battlefield perception command, and wearable smart devices, and provide intelligent means to support commanders in perceiving the battlefield and controlling the battle situation.

Build an intelligent unmanned combat system

Intelligent unmanned combat systems are a new trend in the development of future war equipment. The core is to aim at the requirements of “zero casualties”, “full coverage” and “quick response” in future wars, make full use of the development results of new theories, new materials, new processes, new energy and new technologies, and continuously make breakthroughs in human-machine collaboration and autonomous action, build a new type of intelligent unmanned army on a large scale, and realize the systematic collaborative combat of unmanned combat systems.

In terms of human-machine collaboration, relying on the integrated space-ground information network, self-organizing network and collaborative interaction technology, we will open up the human-machine interaction link and establish a manned-unmanned collaboration system of “human-led, machine-assisted, mixed formation, and joint action”. Facing complex combat missions and the global battlefield environment, we will strengthen the research on mechanisms and technologies such as safe and reliable information transmission, precise and efficient behavior control, and highly coordinated human-machine mixing to achieve highly compatible human-machine collaborative combat. In terms of autonomous action, relying on mission planning, distributed computing and intelligent networking technologies, research and develop unmanned combat systems and cluster formation technologies with fast response speed, strong adaptability, high reliability, flexible organization plan and reasonable action planning. They can fully respond to various changes in terrain, weather, disasters, damage, etc., and intelligently and dynamically adjust movement posture, travel route, firepower use, energy distribution, self-healing and self-destruction strategies to realize the replacement of humans by intelligent machines, expand the combat space, and avoid casualties.

Strengthening intelligent comprehensive security measures

Before troops move, support comes first. On the intelligent battlefield, the realization of comprehensive support for joint operations is an important factor that directly affects the combat effectiveness of troops. The development of intelligent technology will inevitably trigger revolutionary changes in the construction of the joint combat support system and realize intelligent comprehensive support.

In terms of political work, we will make full use of technologies such as social networks, personnel profiling, public opinion monitoring, sentiment analysis, and behavior prediction to build an intelligent political work system covering battlefield control, public opinion and legal struggle, social situation monitoring, personnel relationship analysis, personnel ideological trends, human resource management and other businesses, to provide support for exploring new approaches, new carriers, and new models for ideological and political work. In terms of after-sales support, by using technologies such as the Internet of Things, drones, smart cars, remote surgery, and 3D printing, we have upgraded and built an intelligent after-sales support system covering intelligent warehousing, intelligent delivery, intelligent maintenance, and intelligent medical care, to achieve automatic, rapid, and accurate supply of battlefield after-sales materials, rapid diagnosis and repair of equipment failures, and timely rescue of battlefield personnel, turning passive support into active services, and improving the overall efficiency and effectiveness of after-sales support. In terms of combat training, by comprehensively using technologies such as cloud computing, virtual reality, simulated confrontation, and adjudication and evaluation, we have created an integrated training platform for “guidance, control, adjudication, evaluation, and management”, an intelligent virtual blue army, and an immersive training environment to support tactics and strategy training, equipment skills training, and joint confrontation exercises.

Exploring the intelligent combat force system

The new intelligent combat force system is a comprehensive product of the development of artificial intelligence technology, the formation of new-quality combat power and the evolution of war forms. It is the “killer hand” for seizing the initiative in the future global combat space, the key to forming an integrated joint combat system, and a new growth point for our military’s combat power.

Focus on new battlefields. The combat space of the new era has expanded from the traditional battlefield space to new battlefields such as space, the Internet, and spiritual will, and gradually extended to various fields of human activities and ideology. New combat forces such as rapid response satellites, network autonomous security, brain-controlled weapons, and genetic weapons are being integrated into the combat system. Military intelligence plays an increasingly important role in new combat styles such as space warfare, network warfare, mind warfare, and biological warfare. Pay attention to new technologies. Intelligent space-based weapon systems, with outer space as the battlefield, will help achieve the struggle for control of the sky; based on autonomous network intelligent security technology, it will help achieve a network security confrontation with integrated offense and defense and dynamic defense; brain control technology will help to attack the enemy’s spirit, nerves and mind; intelligent means may also accelerate the development of genetic weapons in some countries. Military intelligence is integrating into all aspects of the military field at an unprecedented speed, breadth and depth, deconstructing and reshaping the traditional appearance of war presented to the world. We must plan ahead to be invincible.

Laying a solid foundation for the development of intelligent military

The construction of military intelligence is a large and complex systematic project. Accelerating the development of military intelligence requires advanced theories as support, institutional mechanism construction as guarantee, technological breakthroughs as the starting point, and talent team building as the source of motivation.

Establish a collaborative innovation mechanism for military-civilian integration. The rapid development of intelligent technology has become an accelerator for military intelligence. In the information age, the boundaries between military and civilian technologies are becoming increasingly blurred, and their convertibility is becoming increasingly stronger. Actively establish a collaborative innovation mechanism for military-civilian integration, continuously strengthen the driving force of military core technologies, build an open industry-university-research collaborative innovation system for the whole society, make forward-looking arrangements for core cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, support investment, give full play to the innovation power of the entire society, and promote the rapid and sustainable development of military intelligence. Accelerate the advancement of technological breakthroughs in key areas. We must focus on relevant key technology areas and break the technical bottlenecks that restrict the development of military intelligence. On the one hand, we should strengthen research in the basic support areas of military intelligence, such as military big data and military Internet of Things; on the other hand, based on battlefield needs, we should strengthen research on intelligent application technologies in various combat elements, especially intelligent command decision-making, intelligent weapon platforms, and intelligent battlefield perception. We should vigorously build a team of high-quality talents. Military intelligence places higher demands on the quality of people. Only the effective combination of high-quality personnel and intelligent weapons can maximize combat effectiveness. To accelerate the development of military intelligence, we should explore the training rules of relevant talents, make full use of military and local education resources, increase the training of relevant talents, and provide solid intellectual support and talent guarantee for promoting the construction of military intelligence.

(Yin Junsong, Cheng Gang)

現代國語：

當前，加速軍事智能化發展正成為世界強國的共識。人工智慧技術加速向軍事領域滲透，已成為軍事變革的重要推手，必將催生新的作戰樣式，改變戰爭的內在機理。應緊緊抓住軍事智能化這個提升軍隊戰鬥力的新質增長點，有機融合軍事理論、科學技術和軍事應用，智能升級傳統作戰領域、創新作戰概念，使「智能因子」由武器裝備輻射至軍隊建設的各個方面，在軍事理論體系、指揮資訊系統、無人作戰系統、綜合保障體系、新型作戰力量等重點領域聚力轉型，在軍事理論體系、指揮資訊系統、無人作戰系統、綜合保障體系、新型作戰力量等重點領域聚力轉型，推動戰力領域的重塑突破與再造和再造一個關鍵領域的重塑。

人工智慧催生理論新發展

當新的軍事技術、作戰理念和組織編成相互作用顯著提升軍事作戰能力時，將促進新的軍事變革。人工智慧在軍事領域越來越廣泛的應用，正成為軍事變革的重要推手，由此催生新的作戰樣式，改變戰爭制勝的內在機理。

創新作戰理論。智慧領域新的顛覆性技術，為軍事理論創新開啟了新的空間。將精確打擊彈藥、無人裝備融入網絡資訊體系，催生「分散式殺傷」「多域戰」「作戰雲」「蜂群戰術」「智慧安全戰」等新的智能化作戰理論；將智能化技術與資訊主導理論相結合，憑借己方的資訊優勢與決策優勢，在去中心化的戰場網絡中切斷關鍵與遲滯對手的資訊與決策迴路，成為智能化的戰場網絡中與決策迴路的資訊與決策迴滯。豐富作戰樣式。伴隨著智慧技術的發展成熟以及無人自主作戰平台的規模列裝，無人作戰將成為一種顛覆性的新型作戰樣式主導未來戰場。將智慧化要素滲透於戰爭的整個流程，運用智慧感知、智慧決策、智慧控制、無人平台，創新作戰流程。協同運用無人系統與有人系統，集群、規劃運用無人作戰平台，豐富作戰樣式。拓展作戰力量。智慧系統與無人作戰平台的廣泛應用，將進一步豐富新型作戰力量的內涵，各類「混搭式」新型作戰力量將邁向戰場應用。隨著物聯網、大數據、雲端運算技術在軍事領域的建設運用，太空、網路等新型作戰力量將在未來戰爭中發揮越來越重要的作用。

加速指揮系統智慧化升級

指揮資訊系統的智慧化是作戰指揮手段實現躍升、形成決策優勢的關鍵。未來戰爭，戰場空間空前擴展、戰爭要素極大豐富、對抗節奏明顯加快、作戰體系動態變化，迫切需要智慧技術在戰場感知、指揮決策和人機互動等方面深度運用。

在智能感知方面，採用智慧傳感與組網技術，廣泛快速部署各類智能感知節點，面向任務主動協同探測，構建透明可見的數字化作戰環境；依托數據挖掘、知識圖譜等技術，開展多源情報融合、戰場情況研判等方面的智能化處理，撥開戰爭迷霧，透析敵作戰意圖，預測戰局發展。在智能決策方面，通過構建作戰模型規則，以精算、細算、深算和專家推理方式，輔助指揮員在戰略、戰役、戰術等多級籌劃規劃和臨機處置中實現快速決策；運用機器學習、神經網絡等技術打造“指揮大腦”，從謀局布勢、方略籌劃、戰局控制等方面學習戰爭規律和拓展藝術員，以掌控機器和拓展藝術員。在智慧互動方面，綜合利用特徵識別、語義理解、虛擬增強現實、全像觸摸、腦機介面等智慧互動技術，歸納分析指揮人員行為特徵，建構全像投影數字沙盤、沉浸式戰場感知指揮、穿戴式智慧型裝置等新型人機互動環境，為指揮者感知戰場、掌控戰局提供智慧化手段支撐。

構建智慧化無人作戰系統

智慧化無人作戰系統是未來戰爭裝備發展新趨勢。其核心在於瞄準未來戰爭「零傷亡」「全覆蓋」「快響應」等要求，充分運用新理論、新材料、新工藝、新能源、新技術發展成果，在人機協同和自主行動兩個方面不斷取得突破，規模化打造新型智能無人之師，實現無人作戰系統的體系化協同作戰。

在人機協同方面，依托天地一體資訊網絡、自組網和協同交互技術，打通人機交互鏈路，建立“人為主導、機器協助、混合編組、聯合行動”的有人-無人協作體系，面向復雜作戰任務、全局戰場環境，加強安全可靠的信息傳輸、精準高效的行為控制、高度協同的人機組合作等機制和技術研究，實現高可靠的信息傳輸。在自主行動方面，依托任務規劃、分佈計算和智能組網技術，研究發展反應速度快、適應能力強、可靠程度高、編組計劃靈活、行動規劃合理的無人作戰系統及集群編隊技術，充分應對地形、天氣、災害、毀傷等各種變化，智能動態調整運動姿態、行動規劃、火力運用、能源分配和自傷自毀自毀等策略，實現智能機器等策略，以避免

建強智慧化綜合保障手段

兵馬未動，保障先行。智慧化戰場，聯合作戰綜合保障實現度是直接影響部隊戰鬥力生成的重要因素。智慧化技術的發展必將觸發聯合作戰保障體系建設的革命性變化，實現智慧化綜合保障。

在政治工作方面，充分運用社會網絡、人員畫像、輿情監控、情感分析、行為預測等技術，建構覆蓋戰場管控、輿論法理鬥爭、社情監控、人員關系分析、人員思想動態、人力資源管理等業務的智能政工體系，為探索思想政治工作的新途徑、新載體、新模式提供支撐。在後裝保障方面，透過運用物聯網、無人機、智慧車、遠端手術、3D列印等技術，升級打造涵蓋智慧倉儲、智慧投送、智慧維修、智慧醫療等智慧後裝保障體系，實現戰場後裝物資自動快速精準補給、裝備故障快速診斷與維修、戰場人員及時救護，變被動保障為整體主動保障。在作戰訓練方面，通過綜合運用雲計算、虛擬現實、模擬對抗、裁決評估等技術，打造「導、控、裁、評、管」一體化演訓平台、智慧化虛擬藍軍、沉浸式訓練環境，支撐戰法謀略研練、裝備技能訓練、聯合對抗演練。

探索智慧化作戰力量體系

智慧化新型作戰力量體係是人工智慧技術發展、新質戰鬥力形成與戰爭形態演變的綜合產物，是奪取未來全局作戰空間主動權的“殺手鐧”，是構成一體化聯合作戰體系的關鍵，是我軍戰鬥力新的增長點。

著眼新戰場。新時代的作戰空間由傳統戰場空間向太空、互聯網、精神意誌等新型戰場拓展，逐漸延伸至人類活動和意識形態各領域，快速響應衛星、網絡自主安防、大腦控制武器、基因武器等新質作戰力量正在融入作戰體系，軍事智能化在太空戰、網絡戰、意念戰、生物戰等新型作戰力量中扮演越來越重要的角色。關注新技術。智能化的天基武器系統，以外層空間為戰場，有助於實現對製天權的爭奪；基於自主網絡智能安全技術，有助於實現攻防一體、動態防禦的網絡安全對抗；控腦技術，有助於實現對敵方人員精神、神經和心靈進行攻擊；智能化手段還可能加速某些國家基因武器研製。軍事智能化正在以前所未有的速度、廣度和深度融入軍事領域的各個層面，解構重塑著戰爭呈現給世人的傳統面貌，我們必須未雨綢繆，方可立於不敗之地。

夯實軍事智能化發展基礎

軍事智能化建設是一個龐大復雜的系統工程，加快推進軍事智能化發展需要以先進的理論作為支撐，以體制機制建設作為保障，以技術突破為抓手，以人才隊伍建設為動力源泉。

建立軍民融合協同創新機制。智慧技術的快速發展，已成為軍事智能化的加速器。資訊時代軍用技術和民用技術的界線越來越模糊，可轉換性越來越強。積極建立軍民融合協同創新機制，不斷強化軍用核心技術原動力，建構全社會開放的產學研協同創新體系，對人工智慧等核心前沿技術前瞻佈局、扶持投資，充分發揮整個社會的創新力量，促進軍事智能化快速可持續發展。加速推進重點領域技術突破。要聚焦相關重點技術領域，打破限制軍事智慧化發展的技術瓶頸。一方面，加強軍事智慧化基礎支撐領域的研究，例如，軍事大數據、軍事物聯網等；另一方面，從戰場需求出發，加強各個作戰要素方面的智慧化應用技術研究，尤其是智慧化指揮決策、智慧化武器平台、智慧化戰場感知等方面的研究。大力建設高素質人才隊伍。軍事智能化對人的素質提出了更高要求，高素質人員和智慧化武器的有效結合，才能最大程度地發揮作戰效能。加速軍事智慧化發展，應抓緊探索相關人才的培養規律，充分利用軍地教育資源，加大相關人才培養力度，為推進軍事智慧化建設提供堅實的智力支持與人才保障。 （

尹峻松、程鋼）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4810306888.html?

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #智慧化戰爭, #軍事資訊化與智慧化, Asymmetric Warfare

Chinese Military Laws to Follow to Win Intelligent Warfare

Leave a comment

打贏智慧化戰爭的中國軍事法規

現代英語：

Source: Liberation Army DailyAuthor: Hao Jingdong Niu Yujun Duan Feiyi

Editor-in-charge: Wang Feng

无命题8

2021-03-16 10:xx

●To understand the laws of intelligent warfare, we must grasp the foundation of intelligence and autonomy, the key of building a war knowledge and action system, and the essence of the changes in the connotation of war power.

●War leaders must examine intelligent warfare dynamically, keenly capture the new elements spawned by intelligent warfare, correctly analyze the changes in the relationship between the new elements, and constantly re-understand intelligent warfare.

President Xi pointed out that we should seriously study the military, war, and how to fight, and grasp the laws of modern warfare and the laws governing war. Today, the intelligent characteristics of war are becoming increasingly prominent, and intelligent warfare has already shown its early form. In order to seize the initiative in future intelligent warfare, we should actively follow the development of modern warfare, keep close to the actual military struggle preparations, proactively understand the laws of intelligent warfare, deeply grasp its guiding laws, focus on answering questions such as “what is it” and “how to do it”, and constantly innovate war and strategic guidance.

Answering the question “What is it?” and understanding the laws of intelligent warfare

Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: “The laws of war are a problem that anyone who directs a war must study and must solve.” Today, as intelligent warfare begins to emerge, we should proactively understand “what” intelligent warfare is. Otherwise, we will not be able to solve “how to do it,” let alone control future wars.

The laws of intelligent warfare are the reconstruction of the war knowledge and action system. The laws of intelligent warfare, like the laws of cold weapon warfare, hot weapon warfare, mechanized warfare, and information warfare, are the inherent and essential connections between the elements of war. The difference is that it has new elements and new modes of composition between elements. It is essentially the reconstruction of the war knowledge and action system caused by the intelligent revolution. Today, to understand the laws of intelligent warfare, we must grasp the foundation of intelligence and autonomy, grasp the key to building a war knowledge and action system, and grasp the essence of the change in the connotation of war power. Mastering these laws can overcome the chaos and uncertainty in future wars and find order and certainty from them. This is the objective requirement for dealing with intelligent warfare.

The laws of intelligent warfare are the basis of the laws of war guidance. In “Problems of Strategy in China’s Revolutionary War”, Mao Zedong first analyzed the characteristics of China’s revolutionary war and revealed the laws of war, and then “derived our strategies and tactics from this”, that is, the laws of war guidance; in “On Protracted War”, he first explained “what it is”, and then turned to the question of “how to do it”, reflecting a logical order of the cognitive process. Today, the study of intelligent warfare should still follow this order, and neither put the cart before the horse, nor reverse the order; nor add, reduce or replace links. On the basis of mastering the fundamental law of intelligent autonomy, we must reveal the laws of war guidance such as autonomous perception, autonomous planning, autonomous implementation, autonomous linkage, and autonomous evaluation.

If you don’t understand the laws of intelligent warfare, you can’t guide the war. “Sun Bin’s Art of War” points out: “Know, win” and “Don’t know, don’t win.” Tao is the law of war. If you master it and act in accordance with it, you can win; otherwise, you will lose. Mao Zedong also emphasized: “If you don’t know the laws of war, you don’t know how to guide the war, and you can’t win the war.” Similarly, mastering the laws of intelligent warfare is the premise for correctly guiding intelligent warfare. Otherwise, it is inevitable to be confused by the superficial phenomena of intelligent warfare. Today, we need to analyze the basic, long-term and subversive impact of intelligent technology groups on war, and study what intelligent warfare looks like? What are the laws? How should it be fought? These are all major issues that must be answered in the guidance of intelligent warfare.

Solve the “how to do it” problem and reveal the guiding principles of intelligent warfare

The guiding laws of intelligent warfare are the medium for guiding practice by using the laws of intelligent warfare, playing the role of “bridge” and “boat”. We should solve the problem of “how to do it” on the basis of answering “what is it” and propose the “swimming skills” of intelligent warfare.

The guiding laws of intelligent warfare are the laws of applying the laws of war. The purpose of understanding the laws of war is to apply them. Marx pointed out: “Philosophers only interpret the world in different ways, but the problem is to change the world.” Similarly, intelligent warfare itself forces commanders to discover the laws. Once discovered, they will combine initiative and use the laws to serve winning the war, which will inevitably lead to the emergence of guiding laws for intelligent warfare. Today, war is the continuation of politics, which is still the law of intelligent warfare. From this, it can be concluded that intelligent warfare must obey the guiding laws that serve politics; soldiers and civilians are the basis of victory, which is still the law of intelligent warfare. From this, it can be concluded that the guiding laws of mobilizing the people in the broadest possible way are derived, and so on. These guiding laws for intelligent warfare are derived from the laws of war and are “swimming skills in the sea of ​​intelligent warfare.”

Give full play to the active role of people in intelligent warfare. Engels said: “It is people, not guns, who win the battle.” The guiding laws of intelligent warfare are the laws of practice and use. It is not a simple “transfer” or “copying” of the laws of intelligent warfare, but it can be transformed into the guiding laws of war with the addition of people’s subjective initiative. Today, military talents who master artificial intelligence are not only the operators of intelligent weapons, but also the creators of artificial intelligence. People still occupy a dominant position in the intelligent human-machine system and are the decisive factor in the victory or defeat of intelligent warfare. Commanders should give full play to their initiative on the basis of mastering the laws of intelligent warfare and adhere to the “technology + strategy” combat theory generation model, so as to change from answering “what is” to solving “how to do”.

The laws governing intelligent warfare are constantly evolving. War is a “chameleon”. Intelligent warfare itself will also go through different stages such as germination, development, and maturity, which will inevitably lead to the development of laws governing intelligent warfare. War leaders must dynamically examine intelligent warfare, keenly capture the new elements of intelligent warfare, correctly analyze the changes in the relationship between the new elements, and constantly re-recognize intelligent warfare. We must keep up with the historical process of the accelerated advancement of war forms towards intelligence, grasp the direction of development of intelligent warfare and the pulse of the times, push the research on the laws governing intelligent warfare to a new level, and seize strategic initiative and opportunities on future battlefields.

Keep a close eye on the “initiative” and continue to innovate intelligent warfare and strategic guidance

As the military is ever-changing, water is ever-changing. As intelligent warfare has already arrived, we must follow the laws and guidance of intelligent warfare, keep close to the actual military struggle preparations, strengthen research on opponents and enemy situations, take the initiative to design “when”, “where” and “who to fight”, innovate war and strategic guidance, and firmly grasp the strategic initiative of future wars.

You fight yours, I fight mine. The highest realm of the art of war guidance is that you fight yours, I fight mine. “Each fights his own” requires commanders to use their own forces independently and autonomously in future intelligent wars, no matter how complex and difficult the environment is. In particular, enemies with high-tech equipment may cause a temporary local situation where the enemy is active and we are passive. At this time, we must use comprehensive means such as politics, economy, and diplomacy to make up for the disadvantages in weapons with an overall favorable situation, quickly reverse this situation, and restore the active position. If you are led by the nose by your strategic opponent, you may suffer a great loss.

Seize the opportunity and use the troops according to the time. The Six Secret Teachings pointed out: “The use depends on the opportunity.” Jomini emphasized: “The whole art of war lies in being good at waiting for the opportunity to act.” On the one hand, if the time is not right, do not force it. Be cautious about the opportunity, and have great patience before the opportunity comes to prevent strategic blind action. On the other hand, the time will not come again, so don’t miss the opportunity. Be good at seizing the opportunity, and once you encounter a favorable opportunity, you must resolutely use it and avoid being timid. It should be pointed out that we should look at the issue of the maturity of the opportunity dialectically. The future intelligent war is changing rapidly, requiring quick decision-making, but in the face of uncertain factors, we must make careful decisions. Sometimes making a decision early may be more effective than making a more perfect decision tomorrow. Therefore, we must dare to take a little risk, otherwise we will sit back and watch the loss of the opportunity for success.

Different domains are different, and operations are based on the local conditions. Clausewitz pointed out: “War is not like a field full of crops, but like a field full of trees. When harvesting crops, you don’t need to consider the shape of each crop, and the quality of the harvest depends on the quality of the sickle; when chopping down trees with an axe, you must pay attention to the shape and direction of each tree.” Different strategic spaces lead to different wars, and war guidance is also different. At present, the battlefield space is constantly expanding from traditional spaces such as land, sea and air to new spaces such as space and the Internet. War leaders should explore new intelligent war laws and guidance laws based on the characteristics of multi-domain, three-dimensional, and networked.

Aim at the opponent and win by taking advantage of the enemy. The Art of War by Sun Tzu states: “Follow the enemy and decide the battle.” Jomini also said: “No matter who you are, if you don’t understand the enemy, how can you know how to act?” Looking to the future, smart strategists should classify combat targets into primary combat targets and general combat targets, actual combat targets and potential combat targets according to their importance and urgency, and comprehensively and objectively understand the strategic intentions, force deployment, combat concepts, etc. of different combat targets, propose new intelligent war guidance laws that can give full play to the advantages of their own combat power, and implement correct war actions.

In short, the laws of intelligent warfare are the laws of the cognitive process, solving the problem of “what”; the guiding laws are the laws of the practical process, solving the problem of “how”. The two are dialectically unified and inseparable, forming a complete chain of understanding and guiding intelligent warfare. “Victory is not repeated, but should be formed in infinity.” Today, war and strategic leaders should, based on objective conditions, deeply explore and flexibly apply the laws of intelligent warfare and the laws of war guidance, and innovate war and strategic guidance in line with the times.

(Author’s unit: Academy of Military Science, Institute of War Studies)

現代國語：

无命题8

資料來源：解放軍報作者：郝敬東 牛玉俊 段非易責任編輯：王鳳2021-03-16 10:xx
要點提示

●認識智慧化戰爭規律，要抓住智慧化和自主化這個基礎，抓住建構戰爭知行體系這個關鍵，抓住戰爭力量內涵發生改變這個實質。

●戰爭指導者須動態地檢視智慧化戰爭，敏銳捕捉智慧化戰爭孕育的新質要素，正確分析新質要素之間關係的變化，不斷對智慧化戰爭進行再認識。

習主席指出，要認真研究軍事、研究戰爭、研究打仗，掌握現代戰爭規律和戰爭指導規律。今天，戰爭的智慧化特徵日益凸顯，智慧化戰爭已經展現出早期形態的樣貌。要掌握未來智慧化戰爭主動權，就應積極追蹤現代戰爭發展，緊貼現實軍事鬥爭準備，前瞻認識智能化戰爭規律，深刻把握其指導規律，著力回答「是什麼」、解決 「怎麼做」等問題，不斷創新戰爭和戰略指導。

回答“是什麼”，前瞻認識智慧化戰爭規律

毛澤東同志指出：“戰爭的規律——這是任何指導戰爭的人不能不研究和不能不解決的問題。”今天，在智能化戰爭初顯端倪之際，應前瞻認識智能化戰爭“是什麼”，否則就不能解決“怎麼做”，更不可能駕馭未來戰爭。

智慧化戰爭規律是戰爭知行體系的重建。智慧化戰爭規律，和冷兵器戰爭、熱兵器戰爭、機械化戰爭、資訊化戰爭的規律一樣，是戰爭諸要素間內在的、本質的聯繫，不同之處在於它有新質的要素和新的要素間的構成模式，本質上是基於智能化革命所引發的戰爭知行體系的重建。今天，認識智慧化戰爭規律，要抓住智慧化和自主化這個基礎，抓住建構戰爭知行體系這個關鍵，抓住戰爭力量內涵發生改變這個實質。掌握這些規律，就能克服未來戰爭中的紛亂和不確定性，從中找出條理和確定性，這是應對智慧化戰爭的客觀要求。

智慧化戰爭規律是戰爭指導規律的依據。毛澤東在《中國革命戰爭的戰略問題》中，首先分析了中國革命戰爭的特點，揭示了戰爭規律，然後“由此產生我們的戰略戰術”，即戰爭指導規律；在《論持久戰》中，他首先說明了“是什麼”，再轉到研究“怎麼做”的問題上，體現了一種認識過程的邏輯順序。今天，研究智慧化戰爭仍應遵循此順序，既不能本末倒置，顛倒順序；也不能增加、減少或更換環節。要在掌握智能自主這項根本規律的基礎上，揭示自主感知、自主規劃、自主實施、自主連結、自主評估等戰爭指導規律。

不懂得智慧化戰爭規律，就不能指導戰爭。 《孫臏兵法》指出：「知道，勝」「不知道，不勝」。道是戰爭規律，掌握它、行動符合它，就能取勝；反之，則敗。毛澤東也強調：「不知道戰爭的規律，就不知道如何指導戰爭，就不能打勝仗。」同樣，掌握智慧化戰爭規律，是正確指導智能化戰爭的前提。否則，就難免被智慧化戰爭的表面現象所迷惑。今天，要透過分析智能化技術群對戰爭的基礎性、長遠性和顛覆性影響，研究智能化戰爭是什麼樣子？有哪些規律？該怎麼打？這些都是智慧化戰爭指導必須回答的重大議題。

解決“怎麼做”，揭示掌握智慧化戰爭指導規律

智慧化戰爭指導規律是運用智慧化戰爭規律指導實踐的中介，扮演「橋」和「船」的角色。應在回答「是什麼」的基礎上解決「怎麼做」的問題，提出智能化戰爭的「游泳術」。

智慧化戰爭指導規律是運用戰爭規律的規律。認識戰爭規律的目的在於應用。馬克思指出：「哲學家們只是用不同的方式解釋世界，而問題在於改變世界。」同樣，智慧化戰爭本身迫使指揮者不發現規律則已，一旦發現，就會結合能動性，利用規律為打贏戰爭服務，這就必然導致智能化戰爭指導規律的產生。今天，戰爭是政治的繼續仍是智能化戰爭規律，由此得出智能化戰爭必須服從服務於政治的指導規律；兵民是勝利之本仍是智能化戰爭規律，由此得出最廣泛地動員民眾的指導規律，等等。這些智慧化戰爭指導規律是戰爭規律衍生出來的，是「智慧化戰爭大海中的游泳術」。

充分發揮人在智慧化戰爭中的能動作用。恩格斯說：「贏得戰鬥勝利的是人而不是槍。」智慧化戰爭指導規律是實踐規律、使用規律。它不是對智慧化戰爭規律的簡單“移用”“照搬”，而是加上人的主觀能動性，才能轉化為戰爭指導規律。今天，掌握人工智慧的軍事人才，不僅是智慧化武器的操控者，更是人工智慧的創造者。人在智慧化人機系統中仍處於主體地位，是智慧化戰爭勝負的決定性因素。指揮者應在掌握智慧化戰爭規律的基礎上，充分發揮能動性，堅持「技術+謀略」的作戰理論生成模式，才能由回答「是什麼」轉變為解決「怎麼做」。

智慧化戰爭指導規律是不斷發展的。戰爭是一條「變色龍」。智慧化戰爭本身也會經歷萌芽、發展、成熟等不同階段，必然帶來智慧化戰爭指導規律的發展。戰爭指導者須動態地檢視智能化戰爭，敏銳捕捉智慧化戰爭孕育的新質要素，正確分析新質要素之間關係的變化，不斷對智慧化戰爭進行再認識。要緊跟戰爭形態向智能化加速邁進的歷史進程，把握智能化戰爭發展方向和時代脈搏，把對智能化戰爭指導規律的研究推向新境界，在未來戰場佔據戰略主動和先機。

緊盯“主動權”，不斷創新智慧化戰爭和戰略指導

兵無常勢，水無常形。在智慧化戰爭已然來臨之際，要在遵循智能化戰爭規律和指導規律的基礎上，緊貼現實軍事鬥爭準備，加強對手研究、敵情研究，主動設計“在什麼時間”“在什麼地點”“和誰打仗”，創新戰爭和戰略指導，牢牢掌握未來戰爭的戰略主動權。

你打你的，我打我的。戰爭指導藝術的最高境界，就是你打你的、我打我的。 「各打各的」要求指揮在未來智能化戰爭中，無論處於怎樣複雜、困難的環境，首先要立足自身實際，獨立自主地使用自己的力量。特別是擁有高技術裝備之敵，可能造成暫時的局部的敵之主動、我之被動的局面，這時要透過政治、經濟、外交等綜合手段，以總體有利態勢彌補武器上的劣勢，迅速扭轉這一局面，恢復主動地位。如果被戰略對手牽著鼻子走，就可能吃大虧。

把握時機，因時用兵。 《六韜》指出：「用之在於機。」若米尼強調：「全部戰爭藝術就在於善於待機而動。」一方面，時不至，不可強動。要持重時機，時機未到，應有極大耐心，防止策略盲動。另一方面，時不再來，機不可失。要善於把握時機，一旦遇上有利時機，就要堅決利用，防止畏首畏尾。需要指出的是，要辯證地看待時機成熟問題。未來智慧化戰爭瞬息萬變，要求快速決策，而面對不確定性因素，必須謹慎決策。有時及早定下決心，比明天下達更完善的決心也許更有效。因此，要敢於冒一點風險，不然會坐視成功機會的喪失。

各域有別，因地運籌。克勞塞維茨指出：「戰爭不像長滿莊稼的田地，而像長滿大樹的土地。收割莊稼時不需要考慮每棵莊稼的形狀，收割得好壞取決於鐮刀的好壞；而用斧頭砍伐大樹時，就必須注意到每棵大樹的形狀和方向。」戰略空間不同，戰爭就不同，戰爭指導也不一樣。目前，戰場空間不斷由陸海空等傳統空間向太空、網路等新型空間拓展，戰爭指導者應根據​​多域性、立體性、網路性等特點，探索新的智慧化戰爭規律和指導規律。

瞄準對手，因敵制勝。 《孫子兵法》指出：「踐墨隨敵，以決戰事。」約米尼也說：「不管是誰，如果不了解敵人，怎能知道自己應該如何行動呢？」著眼未來，聰明的戰略家應根據輕重、緩急程度，把作戰對象區分為主要作戰對象和一般作戰對象、現實作戰對象和潛在作戰對象，全面客觀地了解不同作戰對象的戰略意圖、兵力部署、作戰構想等，提出能充分發揮己方戰力優長的新的智能化戰爭指導規律，實施正確的戰爭行動。

總之，智慧化戰爭規律是認識過程中的規律，解決「是什麼」；指導規律是實踐過程中的規律，解決「怎麼做」。二者辯證統一，不可分割，構成了認識和指導智能化戰爭的完整鏈。 「戰勝不復，而應形於無窮。」今天，戰爭和戰略指導者應基於客觀情況，深入探索和靈活運用智能化戰爭規律和戰爭指導規律，與時俱進創新戰爭和戰略指導。

（作者單位：軍事科學學院戰爭研究院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/jmsd/2021-03/16/content_4880989.htm?yikikata=7593b488-bf4396b2e061d55553e340f0a68ef7f888

#intellligentization, #智慧化戰爭, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Dissipative Warfare, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Promoting Chinese Military Integrated Development of The “Three Transformations” of Combat Training

Leave a comment

推動中軍融合發展實戰化訓練“三個轉變”

現代英語：

Zhang Yingjie, Zhao Shihang, and She Hongle

中國軍網 國防部網
2023年2月22日，星期三

Adhering to the integrated development of mechanization, informationization and intelligence is an inherent requirement for national defense and military modernization, and is also an important means to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of military training. Promoting the integrated development of the “three transformations” of military training is a systematic project that requires both theoretical guidance and practical exploration; it is necessary to plan and design in line with the development of the times, and to boldly practice, dare to try and create, so as to realize the “three transformations” from sequential development to integrated progress, from point-line breakthroughs to system integration, and continuously improve the level and quality of military training.

Deepen theoretical research, guide practice and drive development by thoroughly understanding the mechanism, clarifying the principle and grasping the law. First, we must deepen the research on combat issues and thoroughly understand the future combat mechanism. In future wars, intelligent technology is an important factor in winning. We should explore the reason for winning and the way to win through the phenomenon. We can empower mechanized weapons, enhance the efficiency of informationized equipment and develop unmanned intelligent combat platforms through the power of intelligent technology, so that mechanization, informationization and intelligence coexist, the physical domain, information domain and cognitive domain are mixed, and power, will and land are seized in parallel. Second, we must deepen the research on technology-enhanced training and clarify the principle of technology empowerment and efficiency. Science and technology promote the development of military training, or indirectly affect the development of military training through technological progress to promote the reform of weapons and equipment, combat methods and organizational systems, or directly promote military training innovation through technology directly acting on training methods and management guarantees. In the process of iterative upgrading of mechanization, informationization and intelligence, the mechanized physical entity is the foundation and the “grafting” object of informationization and intelligence. The informationization and intelligence technology acts on mechanization, which is essentially the empowerment and efficiency enhancement of “virtual” control of “real”. Third, we must deepen the research on military training and grasp the law of combat effectiveness generation. The generation of combat effectiveness under mechanized conditions is to achieve a high degree of aggregation of material and energy flows through the superposition of combat platforms. Its generation mechanism is manifested in quantitative accumulation, hierarchical superposition, and linear growth. The generation of combat effectiveness under intelligent information conditions is to carry out a three-dimensional mesh integration of participating forces through the network information system and intelligent support. Its generation mechanism is manifested in information empowerment, network energy gathering, and intelligent energy enhancement. The integrated development of the “three transformations” of military training should shift from the linear step-by-step superposition of mechanized training to the criss-crossing and ascending of intelligent information training, and from simple training of people to training that emphasizes both human and machine learning.

Strengthen strategic management, set up a benchmark to guide development in clarifying the base point, planning and establishing rules and regulations. First, grasp the base point and recognize the coordinates of the times for the integrated development of the “three transformations” of military training. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our army has adhered to actual combat training, joint combat training, science and technology training, and training in accordance with the law, and strengthened the training guiding ideology of reform and innovation, laying the foundation for the integrated development of the “three transformations”; the new round of national defense and military reform has established a joint training system, reconstructed the training leadership organs and special training institutions of the military services, and formulated military training laws and regulations, providing organizational and institutional guarantees for the integrated development of the “three transformations”; the exploration and practice of the mechanized and informationized compound development of military training has accumulated fresh experience for the integrated development of the “three transformations”; the construction of actual combat training, informationized training conditions and the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the army with science and technology have opened up new horizons for the integrated development of the “three transformations”. Second, top-level design, constructing a blueprint for the integrated development of the “three transformations” of military training. The top-level design of the integrated development of the “three transformations” of military training is an integrated plan of an open and complex system. It is constrained by many factors such as operational evolution and technological changes. At the same time, it is different from a single closed system design. It is difficult to achieve it in one go and make a final decision. We should grasp its characteristics of iterative updates and continuous adjustments and improvements. The integrated development of the “three transformations” of military training should formulate a plan that is compatible with the national defense and military construction development strategy, incorporate the integrated development plan of the “three transformations” of military training into the strategic plan for military construction, and focus on clarifying development goals, tasks, measures, etc. The third is to establish rules and regulations to standardize and guide the effective operation of the integrated development of the “three transformations” of military training. It is necessary to formulate the implementation measures for the integrated development of the “three transformations” of military training, unify the goals and tasks, division of responsibilities, content focus, methods and steps, and supporting measures, and ensure the implementation of regular order.

Focus on the transformation to intelligence, overcome difficulties and innovate in the optimization of content, innovation of methods and improvement of assessment. First, we must focus on “smart training” and optimize the content of military training. Research and practice machine deep learning, focusing on data screening, information input, confrontation game and iterative improvement training. Research and practice new domain and new quality combat forces, carry out new weapons and equipment training, new quality combat force formation and combat application training, new domain combat forces and traditional combat forces coordination training, and new domain and new quality forces into joint combat system training. Research and practice intelligent combat, carry out intelligent combat tactics research, command confrontation training based on intelligent network system, training to seize intellectual control and intelligent combat live-fire exercises. Second, we must focus on “intelligent training” and innovate military training methods. Develop intelligent simulation training methods, give full play to the virtual-real interaction, closed-loop feedback and parallel execution functions of intelligent simulation, upgrade existing electronic games and war game simulation systems, and support individual officers and soldiers or command organizations to carry out human-machine confrontation training based on intelligent simulation systems. On the basis of the existing real-life combat system, we should strengthen the material application of intelligent technology, and create an intelligent military exercise system that combines virtual and real, complements software and hardware, and is multi-domain linked as soon as possible to effectively support the development of real-life training. Third, we should focus on “intelligent testing” and improve precise assessment methods. Using virtual reality technology, relying on the three-dimensional virtual battlefield environment generated by computers, we can evaluate the operational skills and tactical application level of officers and soldiers immersed in it. Using augmented reality technology, human senses can directly obtain real-life experience in the augmented reality scene, which can be used to test and assess the technical training of officers and soldiers and the tactical training of squads. Using mixed reality technology, virtual digital objects are introduced into the real environment, which can support the construction of the environmental conditions of real-life test exercises and the inspection and evaluation of combat capabilities. Using the Internet of Things technology, sensors, data processing units and communication components are integrated into a sensor network to monitor the exercise situation in real time, and automatically collect, transmit, summarize and display exercise information data. Using big data technology to objectively evaluate combat capabilities and training quality, and realize automatic judgment of engagement results, statistical analysis of massive data, objective evaluation of combat capabilities and automatic evaluation of training results in data analysis and deep mining.

現代國語：

張英傑 趙士夯 佘紅樂

堅持機械化資訊智慧化融合發展，是國防和軍隊現代化的內在要求，也是加速推進軍事訓練轉型升級的重要抓手。推動軍事訓練「三化」融合發展，是一項系統工程，既需理論引領，更需實踐探索；既要順應時代發展搞好規劃設計，又要大膽實踐敢試敢創，實現「三化」由遞次發展向融合併進、由點線突破向體系集成，不斷提升軍事訓練水平和質量。

深化理論研究，在搞透機理弄清原理把握規律中引領實務牽引發展。一要深化作戰問題研究，搞透未來作戰機理。未來戰爭中，智慧科技是贏得勝利的重要因素，應透過現象探尋制勝之理、勝戰之道，可透過智慧科技之力賦能機械化武器、增效資訊化裝備和發展無人化智慧作戰平台，使得機械化、資訊化、智慧化並存，物理域、資訊域、認知域混融，奪權、奪志、奪志、奪權、奪志、奪地並行。二要深化科技強訓研究，釐清技術賦能增效原理。科技推動軍事訓練發展，或透過科技進步推動武器裝備、作戰方式、編制體制變革間接作用於軍事訓練發展，亦或科技直接作用於訓練手段和管理保障直接推動軍事訓練創新。在機械化、資訊化、智慧化迭代升級過程中，機械化的物理實體是基礎，是資訊化、智慧化的「嫁接」對象，資訊化、智慧化技術作用於機械化，實質上是以「虛」控「實」的賦能增效。三要深化軍事訓練研究，掌握戰鬥力生成規律。機械化條件下戰鬥力的生成，是透過作戰平台的疊加實現物質流和能量流的高度聚集，其生成機理表現為量變累積、層級疊加、線性增長。智慧化資訊化條件下戰力的生成，是透過網信系統和智慧支援對參戰力量進行網狀立體融合，其生成機製表現為資訊賦能、網路聚能、智慧增能。軍事訓練「三化」融合發展，應從機械化訓練的線性逐級疊加轉向智慧化資訊化訓練的縱橫交錯遞升，從單純對人的訓練轉向人與機器學習並重的訓練。

加強策略管理，在釐清基點規劃規劃建章立制中立起標桿指導發展。一是掌握基點，認清軍事訓練「三化」融合發展的時代座標。黨的十八大以來，我軍堅持實踐實踐、聯戰聯訓、科技強訓、依法治訓，強化改革創新的訓練指導思想，為「三化」融合發展奠定了基礎；新一輪國防和軍事改革，建立了聯合訓練體制，重構了軍兵種訓練領導機關和專制訓練機構，制定了軍事訓練法規制度，為「三化」融合發展提供了組織和製度保證；軍事訓練機械化資訊化複合發展的探索實踐，為「三化」融合發展累積了鮮活經驗；實戰化訓練、資訊化訓練條件建設和科技強軍戰略等的實施，為「三化」融合發展洞開了新天地。二是頂層設計，建構軍事訓練「三化」融合發展藍圖。軍事訓練「三化」融合發展的頂層設計，是開放的複雜系統的整合規劃，受作戰演化、技術變化等諸多因素的製約，同時區別於單一封閉系統設計，難以一次到位、一錘定音，應把握其迭代更新、不斷調整完善的特徵；軍事訓練「三化」融合行動應制定與國防建設和軍事發展目標三是建章立制，規範指導軍事訓練「三化」融合發展有效運作。要製定軍事訓練「三化」融合發展實施辦法，統一目標任務、職責分工、內容重點、方法步驟和配套措施，確保實施正規秩序。

聚焦向智轉型，在優化內容創新方法改進考評中攻堅克難創新發展。一要聚焦“訓智能化”，優化軍事訓練內容。研練機器深度學習，重點進行資料篩選、資訊輸入、對抗賽局和迭代提升訓練。研練新域新質作戰力量，進行新型武器裝備訓練、新質作戰力量編成與作戰運用訓練、新域作戰力量與傳統作戰力量協同訓練，以及新域新質力量融入聯合作戰體系訓練。研練智慧化作戰，進行智慧化作戰戰法研究、基於智慧網路系統指揮對抗訓練、奪取制智權訓練及智慧化作戰實兵演習等。二要聚焦“智能化訓”，創新軍事訓練方法。發展智慧模擬訓練方法，充分發揮智慧模擬虛實互動、閉環回饋與平行執行功能，升級現有電子遊戲與兵棋推演系統，支援官兵個體或指揮機構依托智慧模擬系統進行人機對抗訓練。在現有實兵交戰系統基礎上，加強智慧技術的物化應用，盡快創造虛實結合、軟硬互補、多域連結的智慧化演兵系統，有效支持實戰化訓練的發展。三要聚焦“智能化考”，改進精準評估手段。運用虛擬實境技術，依靠電腦生成的三維空間虛擬戰場環境，對沉浸其中的官兵操作技能和戰術應用水準實施考評。運用擴增實境技術，人體感官能夠直接在增強的現實場景中獲取實戰體驗，可對官兵技術訓練和分隊戰術訓練檢驗考核。運用混合實境技術，把虛擬數位物件引入現實環境，可支撐實兵檢驗性演習環境條件的架構與作戰能力檢驗評估。運用物聯網技術，將感測器、資料處理單元和通訊組件集成為一個感測器網絡，即時監控演練情況，自動擷取、傳輸、匯總和顯示演練資訊資料。運用大數據技術客觀評估作戰能力和訓練質量，在數據分析和深度挖掘中實現交戰結果自動裁決、海量數據統計分析、作戰能力客觀評估和訓練成績自動評定。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2023-02/22/content_33422088.htm

#intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Dissipative Warfare, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知戰

Exploring the Laws of Chinese Military Intelligent Warfare Design

Leave a comment

探索中國軍事智慧戰爭設計規律

現代英語：

At present, with the widespread application of disruptive technology groups represented by artificial intelligence technology, the form of warfare is accelerating its evolution towards intelligence. Scientific planning and proactive design of intelligent warfare has become an issue of the times facing war preparation. To truly organize intelligent warfare design well, we must accurately grasp the characteristics and laws of intelligent warfare design, clarify its position and role in war planning and preparation, so as to better serve winning the war.

Focus on development and make reasonable foresight

Correct decisions come from correct judgments, and correct judgments come from scientific foresight for the future. Scientific prediction is the prerequisite for operational design, and operational design is the application of prediction results. Tomorrow’s war will not be a replica of today’s war, but its shadow can be found in today’s war. Therefore, the design of intelligent warfare should be based on a full assessment and scientific prediction of future war forms and ways to win, and the forms, styles, methods, and means of intelligent warfare should be predicted through today’s wars.

In a battlefield full of uncertainty and ambiguity, in order to make war design more realistic, we must focus on the development and changes of intelligent weapons and equipment of both sides in the future, the updating of combat theories, the development of combat capabilities, and the innovation of winning methods. We must make scientific and reasonable predictions, estimates, and analyses of the timing of launching intelligent warfare, scale and level, style and intensity, development process, outcome of war, and other various complex situations that may arise, and on this basis, make systematic concepts and advance plans.

Be proactive and prioritize shaping

Sun Tzu said, “Victorious troops first win and then seek battle.” Intelligent warfare design focuses on grasping the characteristics, laws, and development trends of war. Based on possible enemy situations, our own situations, and battlefield environment, it prioritizes creating a favorable situation, and strives to lead and control wars by studying, designing, and planning wars, so as to achieve the goal of deterring war and defeating the enemy without fighting.

The battlefield space of intelligent warfare is a multi-dimensional and multi-domain space that combines reality and virtuality, providing war designers with a stage to give full play to their intelligence, implement autonomy and creativity. As the initiative in initiating wars increases, the initiative and creativity in war design also increase accordingly. War designers can proactively design intelligent warfare based on future war forms. When designing it, we focus on both responding to current urgent threats and targeting future operations. To this end, we should firmly grasp the characteristics of the era of intelligent warfare design, take proactive actions, enhance the ability of active design and dynamic design in various links such as concepts, plans, and construction, take the initiative, fight proactively, ensure that we can always adapt to the rapid changes in the situation, make the war develop in the designed direction as much as possible, and strive for the initiative in war preparation.

Based on the existing situation, innovate and change

Intelligent warfare design is an original combination of the war designer’s cognitive concepts, cognitive levels, guiding ideas, and operational strategies. The courage to innovate is the soul of intelligent warfare design. To this end, the entire process, all fields, and aspects of intelligent warfare design should focus on innovation-led design.

Intelligent warfare design is a research based on the development predictions of intelligent warfare military theories, weapons and equipment, battlefield construction, etc. It is an expansion and innovation based on the existing situation. Due to the development and evolution of war forms, some combat methods that have been successful in history may become ineffective in intelligent warfare; and some unprecedented combat rules that are adapted to the combat theories and weapons and equipment of intelligent warfare need to be created. Intelligent warfare design understands, conceives and describes complex problems through critical and creative thinking, so as to help war designers more deeply understand and grasp the winning rules and guiding rules of intelligent warfare operations, discover the key points and deep-seated reasons that restrict the combat progress, and thus creatively propose solutions to the problems.

Various forms, eclectic

Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out in “On Protracted War”: “The ancients said that ‘the secret of applying the strategy lies in one’s heart’. We call this ‘secret’ flexibility, which is the product of a smart commander.”

The flexibility of intelligent warfare design is determined by the differences in combat operations and the variability, uncertainty and contingency of situations and tasks. Appropriate reasoning and decisions must be made based on different situations. War design methods are quite diverse and eclectic. Traditional research and prediction methods include Markov method, Delphi method, brainstorming method, scenario analysis method, etc. When designing intelligent warfare, we should combine it with actual combat research and flexibly adopt different methods. At present, with the widespread application of cloud computing, big data and other technologies in the military field, computer simulation, modeling and simulation, war game confrontation and other methods are increasingly becoming important forms of combat exercises and confrontation simulation training, and are also commonly used methods in intelligent warfare design.

Reverse thinking, strategic confrontation

War is a confrontation between the comprehensive strength of two hostile parties, but also a confrontation between the strategies and wisdom of the commanders of both sides. Antagonism is one of the basic characteristics of intelligent warfare design, and it is also the main feature that distinguishes warfare design from design activities in other fields.

The main object of intelligent warfare design is the combat activities carried out by the hostile parties on the battlefield. These activities are “live” confrontation actions between people, supported by information-based intelligent weapons and equipment and technical means. They are inseparable from the battle of wits and courage between the war designers of the hostile parties. Therefore, designers of intelligent warfare must not only be familiar with their own situation, but also stand in the opponent’s position and think from the opponent’s perspective about how the intelligent warfare will start, control, and end, and what specific combat actions will be taken to organize and implement it. Before the war, they must conduct a comprehensive analysis and prediction of various situations that may arise during the implementation of the combat, and then propose effective countermeasures. Only in this way can the designed war be targeted and can they take the initiative in confrontational combat activities.

Multi-domain linkage, comprehensive system

Intelligent warfare design is a complex systematic project involving various fields such as military, politics, diplomacy, and economy. The specific methods involve knowledge from many disciplines such as military science, political science, and operations research. The battlefield involves multi-dimensional spaces such as land, sea, air, space, and power grids.

Intelligent warfare design is neither a simple listing of all war-related content nor specific planning and preparation for an impending war. Rather, it is an all-round, full-system, and full-element conception and design of the content covered by intelligent warfare in a certain period of time in the future. In terms of content, it includes the combat scenarios, combat objectives, combat scale, combat direction, battlefield environment, possible combat styles, combat methods, etc. of intelligent warfare; in terms of time, it is the whole process from the time when the war designers conceive or plan the operation to the planning, preparation, implementation, and end of the operation. To design intelligent warfare, we must not only conduct in-depth research on the characteristics, laws and winning mechanisms of intelligent warfare, study the situation of combat opponents, the war environment, and weapons and equipment; we must also study many scientific fields such as war science, system science, and modern engineering science, and predict the impact of scientific and technological development on future wars and operations, so that we can scientifically design the combat theories and processes of intelligent warfare.

Overall planning, multiple case selection

Clausewitz said: “War is the kingdom of uncertainty, and three-quarters of the factors on which war depends are more or less surrounded by a fog of uncertainty.”

Intelligent warfare design is a general plan and conception of intelligent warfare operations. It is a creative thinking activity based on the wisdom and strategy of the designer, and is imaginative and challenging. The design of intelligent warfare only knows the approximate area and method of launching an operation, but there is no specific clarification on the scale and action style of the participating forces. The combat objectives and combat indicators are not specific. It is necessary to make rough plans and bold assumptions about the combat objectives, scale, action style, etc. of intelligent warfare based on the tasks undertaken and the threats faced in peacetime, and on the basis of comprehensive analysis and prediction, without sticking to the existing stereotyped thinking. The objectives and scale of intelligent warfare operations can be large or small, and the action composition can be flexible and diverse. The design results of intelligent warfare should include multiple cases coexisting, multiple cases being compared, and multiple methods being demonstrated to enhance the pertinence and reliability of the results.

Iterative development, rolling improvement

Intelligent warfare design is a long-term and complex system engineering project, which cannot be achieved overnight or once and for all. The probability of war itself, the uncertainty of factors affecting victory or defeat, and the complexity of confrontation in intelligent warfare combat systems all determine the complexity and variability of intelligent warfare design. At the same time, when designing the opponent, one is also being designed by the opponent. Any negligence or carelessness may lead to a complete loss in one wrong move. It is not easy to carry out accurate war design.

With the continuous development of science and technology, the continuous evolution of war forms, and the ever-changing strategic threats and security environment faced in the future, intelligent warfare design should also keep pace with the development of the situation and tasks, and pay more attention to iterative development and design. In line with this, various operational concepts, operational plans, operational regulations, etc. should also be revised in a timely manner, continuously updated, and improved to adapt to the ever-changing new situations.

現代國語：

探尋智慧化戰爭設計規律

■陳建社

引言

當前，隨著以人工智慧技術為代表的顛覆性技術群的廣泛運用，戰爭形態加速向智能化演進，科學籌劃並主動設計智能化戰爭成為戰爭準備面臨的時代課題。要真正組織好智慧化戰爭設計，就要準確把握智慧化戰爭設計的特點規律，弄清楚其在戰爭籌劃和準備中的地位作用，從而更好地為打贏戰爭服務。

著眼發展，合理預見

正確的決策來源於正確的判斷，而正確的判斷來源於對未來所做的科學預見。科學預測是作戰設計的前提，作戰設計是預測結果的運用。明天的戰爭，不會是今天戰爭的翻版，卻可以在今天的戰爭中找到影子。因此，進行智慧化戰爭設計，應以對未來戰爭形態和製勝方式的充分研判和科學預測為前提，通過今天的戰爭預測智能化戰爭的形態、樣式、方法、手段等。

在充滿不確定性和模糊性的戰場上，要使戰爭設計更加符合實際，就要著眼未來一個時期敵我雙方智能化武器裝備的發展變化、作戰理論的更新、作戰能力的發展、制勝途徑的創新等因素，對智能化戰爭的發起時機、規模層次、樣式烈度、發展進程、戰爭結局和其他可能出現的各種復雜情況，進行科學合理預測、此構想等，

積極主動，優先塑造

孫子曰：「勝兵先勝而後求戰。」智能化戰爭設計著眼於把握戰爭的特點、規律和發展趨勢，基於可能的敵情、我情和戰場環境，優先塑造有利態勢，力爭通過研究戰爭、設計戰爭、謀劃戰爭，從而主導和控制戰爭，達到以止止戰、不戰而屈懾人之兵的目的。

智慧化戰爭的戰場空間是現實和虛擬結合的多維多域空間，為戰爭設計者提供了一個充分發揮聰明才智、實施自主與創造的舞台。戰爭發起的主動性增強，戰爭設計的主動性、創造性也隨之提升，戰爭設計者可根據未來的戰爭形態，主動對智慧化戰爭進行超前設計。設計時，既注重應對當前緊迫威脅，也著重於瞄準未來作戰。為此，應緊緊把準智慧化戰爭設計的時代特徵，積極主動作為，在概念、預案、建設等各個環節，增強主動設計、動態設計能力，下好先手棋，打好主動仗，確保始終適應情況的快速變化，盡可能使戰爭按照所設計的方向發展，爭取戰爭準備的主動。

立足現有，創新求變

智慧化戰爭設計是對戰爭設計者認識理念、認知層次、指導思想、運籌謀略等的原創性組合，勇於創新是智慧化戰爭設計的靈魂。為此，智慧化戰爭設計全過程、諸領域、各方面都應著重以創新引領設計。

智慧化戰爭設計是建立在對智慧化戰爭軍事理論、武器裝備、戰場建設等發展預測基礎上的研究，是在立足現有情況基礎之上的拓展創新。由於戰爭形態的發展演進，一些歷史上曾經成功的作戰方法，在智能化戰爭中可能會失效；而一些前所未有，適應智能化戰爭作戰理論和武器裝備的戰法則需要被創造出來。智慧化戰爭設計透過批判性和創造性思維，理解、構想和描述復雜問題，以幫助戰爭設計者更深入地理解把握智能化戰爭作戰的製勝規律和指導規律，發現制約作戰進程的關鍵點及深層原因，從而創造性地提出解決問題的辦法。

形式多樣，不拘一格

毛澤東同志在《論持久戰》中指出：“古人所謂‘運用之妙，存乎一心’，這個‘妙’，我們叫做靈活性，這是聰明的指揮員的出產品。”

智慧化戰爭設計的靈活性，是由作戰行動的差異性以及形勢任務的變化性、不確定性和偶然性決定的，要根據不同的情況進行相應的推理和決斷。戰爭設計方法比較多樣，不拘一格，傳統的研究預測方法有馬爾可夫法、德爾菲法、頭腦​​風暴法、情境分析法等。進行智慧化戰爭設計時，應結合作戰研究實際，靈活採用不同的方法。當前，隨著雲計算、大數據等技術在軍事領域的廣泛運用，計算機模擬、建模模擬、兵棋對抗等方法，正日益成為作戰演習及對抗模擬訓練的重要形式，也是智能化戰爭設計普遍採用的方法。

逆向思維，謀略對抗

戰爭是敵對雙方綜合實力的對抗，更是雙方指揮員謀略和智慧的對抗。對抗性是智慧化戰爭設計的基本特點之一，也是戰爭設計區別於其他領域設計活動的主要特徵。

智慧化戰爭設計的主要對象，是敵對雙方在戰場上進行的作戰活動，這些活動是人與人之間，在資訊化智慧化武器裝備及技術手段支撐下「活」的對抗行動，是與敵對雙方戰爭設計者的鬥智鬥勇分不開的。因此，智慧化戰爭設計者不僅要熟悉掌握己方情況，還要站在對手的立場，從對手的角度來思考智能化戰爭會以什麼樣的方式開局、控局、收局，會具體採取什麼樣式的作戰行動來組織實施，要在戰前對作戰實施過程中可能出現的各種情況進行全面分析預測，進而提出有效的對策措施，這樣主動設計的戰爭才有針對性，也能在戰鬥中掌握戰爭的活動中才有針對性。

多域聯動，系統全面

智慧化戰爭設計是一項複雜的系統性工程，涉及軍事、政治、外交、經濟等各個領域，具體方法涉及軍事學、政治學、運籌學等諸多學科領域知識，戰場涉及陸海空天電網等多維空間。

智慧化戰爭設計既不是簡單羅列與戰爭相關的所有內容，也不是對即將發生的戰爭進行具體籌劃和準備，而是對未來一定時期智能化戰爭所涵蓋內容的全方位、全系統、全要素構想和設計。從內容上講，包括智慧化戰爭的作戰場景、作戰目的、作戰規模、作戰方向、戰場環境、可能採取的作戰樣式、作戰方法等；從時間上講，是從戰爭設計者構思或謀劃作戰開始，一直到作戰籌劃、作戰準備、作戰實施、作戰結束的全過程。進行智慧化戰爭設計，不僅要深入研究智能化戰爭的特點、規律和製勝機理，研究作戰對手情況、戰爭環境情況、武器裝備情況；而且要研究戰爭科學、系統科學和現代工程科學等眾多科學領域，並要預測科學技術發展對未來戰爭和作戰的影響，進而對智能化戰爭的作戰理論、作戰進程等進行科學設計。

概略謀劃，多案優選

克勞塞維茨說：“戰爭是不確定性的王國，戰爭所依據的四分之三的因素或多或少地被不確定性的迷霧包圍著。”

智慧化戰爭設計是對智慧化戰爭作戰的概略性籌劃與設想，是建立在設計者智慧與謀略基礎之上的一種創造性思維活動，富有想像力與挑戰力。智慧化戰爭設計只知道作戰發起的概略區域和方式，但對參戰力量的規模、行動樣式等沒有具體明確，作戰目標和作戰指標都不具體，需要根據平時所擔負的任務和麵臨的威脅，在綜合分析預測的基礎上，對智能化戰爭的作戰目的、作戰規模、行動樣式等進行略籌和設想，不拘化和設想，不拘化思維，不拘化思維。智能化戰爭作戰目的和規模可大可小，行動構成靈活多樣，智能化戰爭設計結果應多案並存、多案對比、多法論證，增強結果的針對性和可靠性。

迭代開發，滾動完善

智慧化戰爭設計是一項長期的複雜系統工程，不是一蹴可幾、一勞永逸的事。戰爭本身的蓋然性和勝負影響因素的不確定性以及智能化戰爭作戰體系對抗的複雜性等，都決定了智能化戰爭設計的復雜多變。與此同時，己方在設計對手時，也在被對手設計，任何疏忽或大意都可能導致一著不慎，滿盤皆輸，進行準確的戰爭設計絕非易事。

隨著科學技術的不斷發展、戰爭形態的不斷演變，以及未來面臨的戰略威脅和安全環境的不斷變化，智慧化戰爭設計也應隨著形勢任務的發展而與時俱進，更加註重迭代開發設計。與之相適應，各種作戰構想、作戰概念、作戰預案、作戰條令等也應適時修訂，不斷更新、滾動完善，以適應不斷發展變化的新情況。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/1634673288.html