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Chinese Military Accelerating Construction of Advanced Combat Capabilities to Effectively Fulfilling Missions and Tasks

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中國軍隊加快建立先進作戰能力，以有效完成任務

現代英語：

Auspicious snow welcomes spring, and flowers bloom. The Great Hall of the People once again welcomes the grand event of spring.

Delegates and members of the National People’s Congress and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference shouldered heavy responsibilities and gathered together to discuss national affairs. This year marks the beginning of the “15th Five-Year Plan”. Faced with the turbulent international situation and the profoundly evolving war pattern, the proposal put forward at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee “accelerating the construction of advanced combat capabilities” has become an important topic of concern to military representatives and members.

“Advanced combat capability represents the most advantageous combat capability in information-based and intelligent warfare, and is the ‘weather vane’ of military construction and the ‘controlling high ground’ of military competition. Only by accelerating the development of advanced combat capabilities with a sense of urgency and responsibility that is outdated can we seize the strategic initiative on future battlefields and effectively fulfill the mission and tasks of the new era.” This is a strong consensus among the military representatives and commissioners. With their personal practice from the front lines of exercises and training, border outposts, and scientific research positions, they demonstrated the high morale and spirit of the People’s Army to anchor its goals, shift gears and speed up, and move towards world-class status.

★ System integration and iron fist

When interviewing Representative Qi Weiguang, he showed reporters two charts: one was the training plan of each military branch in the past “with chimneys”, with the color blocks split and shaped like “isolated islands”; the other was the joint exercise and training blueprint of today “building blocks put together”, with the modules interlocking and seamlessly integrated.

“1+1=1, this is the essence of joint operations! ” Qi Weiguang represents a broken word.

He used a joint long-sea cruise as an example to explain how the system “weather vane” reshapes the battlefield. During the entire operation, the “10,000-ton large-wheel drive” no longer “fights alone”, but has transformed into a “maritime information hub” and a “firepower fulcrum”, sharing data in real time with the Air Force’s early warning aircraft, the Navy’s observation station, and the Army’s long-range firepower, weaving precision “Skynet”.

“Any advanced platform will become an ‘information island’ if it is separated from the system. The ‘contingent’ we must seize is system integration and cross-border collaboration! ” Representative Qi Weiguang said.

Representative Chen Song from a synthetic brigade of the Army felt the same way: “In the past, during exercises, we often encountered the embarrassment of‘ the airspace not being open ’‘the frequency band not being connected’. Now, ‘United’ is engraved with combat instinct!” As one of the Army’s first digital unit commanders, he has a particularly deep understanding of systems “weather vanes”. He opened a thick, already slightly curled-edge book he had with him and said: “Before the attack was launched, the army and aviation opened up access roads and covered artillery firepower, each doing their job and cooperating closely. It used to be better than ‘running fast, playing accurately’, but now it looks like ‘connecting well, counting fast’. In one exercise, we achieved ‘discovery is destruction’ under the guidance of a drone, which was unimaginable in the past.”

“Advanced combat capabilities are generated through practical training. We must prioritize ‘battle’, focus on combat, and strive for practical combat! ” Many military representatives and deputies said that the training plans of the troops are no longer divided by “year”, but by “mission cycle”; the assessment standards are no longer “meter-second ring”, but “contribution rate” and “damage value”. When “discovery means destruction” becomes the norm, whoever can move one step faster in system integration will take the initiative on the battlefield.

From “a single military branch” to “a global vision”, from “physical superposition” to “chemical reactions”, the system-integrated “weather vane” is leading the three armies to clench their fingers into a fist and forge advanced combat capabilities that are both strong and sharp.

★ Challenge the extreme and sharpen the blade

The computer screensaver of Representative Wang Wenyi from the Air Force is a photo of a flight jacket armband. This badly worn armband silently tells the story of his blue-sky powerhouse’s pursuit of pushing boundaries and flying into battle.

“Future wars will be decided quickly. The flight scale must be pushed from the ‘pass line’ to the ‘limit value’, in line with actual combat standards! ” Representative Wang Wenyi showed reporters the achievements of the past year: high-intensity cross-day and night confrontation along the coast, with the number of daily flight hours per aircraft reaching new highs; in complex electromagnetic environments, the third generation of aircraft successfully completed the verification of the extreme penetration of new weapons..

“At first, some people questioned: Will it be too risky? My answer is: There is no ‘safe’ on the battlefield.” Representative Wang Wenyi recalled a scene of a dawn attack. That day, clouds were low, visibility was extremely low, and ground guidance was severely limited.“‘ In blind flight’, you must rely on instruments to maintain the formation and resist strong electromagnetic interference. If you only dare to draw a route in ‘10,000 meters of clear sky’ in peacetime, you will be hit in ‘low clouds and thick fog’ in wartime and your head will be bloodied!” Representative Wang Wenyi said firmly.

“‘Liftoff is combat, takeoff is assault’—— This is the iron rule we set. Not only do we need to take our fighter jets to new heights, but we also need to hone our combat effectiveness in extreme environments!” Representative Wang Wenyi’s words expressed the common voice of military representatives and deputies: Only by seamlessly connecting the training ground to the battlefield can we transform “the limit” into “the extreme” and truly seize the winning heights of the future battlefield.

“The countdown has begun to achieve the goals of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army as scheduled. Time is of the essence and the task is arduous, so we must make every effort to overcome it!” When talking about extreme training, Representative Hou Changling from the Rocket Force has a bright eye.

That year, his unit quickly transitioned to “wartime status” as new and old equipment changed.“ Loading, testing, lighting, everything is done as it should be!” Representative Hou Changling still remembers vividly the scene when he encountered a severe sandstorm for decades during his cross-regional training. That time, they overcame environmental factors and operated accurately, setting a record for shooting accuracy in bad weather!

“Missiles must not only ‘hit out’, but also ‘hit accurately, hit hard, and win’. ” Representative Hou Changling’s tone was sonorous. “Please rest assured, Party and people, the ‘Heavenly Sword’ in our hands can be unsheathed at any time!”

“War does not allow us to choose our opponents, and the battlefield does not allow us to choose the weather and environment. ” Representative Luo Yu from the front line of the border defense told reporters that “Snowland Plateau, the temperature sometimes drops to more than -40 degrees Celsius. In the past, there have been cases of playing in the face of severe cold ‘retreating’ and lowering standards; now, we stipulate that all tactical courses must truly set the battlefield as real, the opponent as strong, the environment as dangerous, and the difficulties as sufficient!”

From “training what to take” to “filling in what is missing”, from “wandering at a low level” to “making new strides every year”, extreme training “weather vane” is forging a strong steel team that can win battles.

★ New domain and new quality plan for breakthroughs

Representative Xu Fengcan from the Army has a wonderful video of an ultra-low-altitude penetration saved on his work computer——

Several attack helicopters used terrain cover to launch raids, launching missiles to accurately destroy the “enemy” armor center, and the group immediately approached the ground and hid in the radar blind spot.

“This is not only a breakthrough in equipment capabilities, but also a breakthrough in the concept of breaking through the flat battlefield and forging ‘three-dimensional iron fist’. ” Representative Xu Fengcan introduced that in the past it was “play whatever you want”, and now it is “develop whatever abilities you play”. In recent years, they have paid close attention to cutting-edge technologies such as drone swarm networks, helicopter laser anti-missile, and manned and unmanned coordination, and have continuously deeply integrated new technologies into the force’s combat system. The goal is to achieve combat effectiveness in ultra-low-altitude penetration, promote the transformation of land and aviation forces from support and support to main combat assault, and ensure that they become a “three-dimensional iron fist” that tears apart the defense line on the future battlefield.

“Silent victory is the submariner’s mission! ” Representative Zhang Hongxing from the Navy’s submarine force gave a vivid picture of his understanding of new-quality combat capabilities.

During a drill, “Blue Army” deployed “dragnet” and “Red Army” submarines, using the thermocline as cover, ghostly crossed the anti-submarine network. At a critical moment, saturation attacks severely damaged “enemy” ship formations..

Representative Zhang Hongxing said: “This drill is an innovation in combat concepts, concealment and damage capabilities. It used to be said ‘to be able to go out and come back’, but now it is even more important ‘to be able to hide, play accurately, and run fast’. Our pursuit is to silently demand combat effectiveness to the limit and make the weapons in our hands become the deep sea ‘the magic needle of the sea’!”

“In modern warfare, whoever masters advanced technology masters the ‘life gate’ on the battlefield. ” A committee member from the Information Support Force and a reporter shared a personal story: a new piece of equipment was once “bottlenecked”. At that time, the Party member commando team “challenged and led” fought day and night and finally broke through the barriers, doubling the performance of the equipment.

“To seize ‘the commanding heights’, one must dare to venture ‘no man’s land’ and be willing to sit ‘cold bench’. Over the years, seeing the new equipment bring back combat power, the joy in my heart is unparalleled!” The Commissioner’s pride is palpable.

As a key force in winning future battlefields, new-quality combat effectiveness is related to the direction of war, construction transformation, and combat victory or defeat. Military representatives and deputies said that in order to seize the commanding heights of new territory and new quality and forge sharp swords to defeat the battlefield in the future, the People’s Army is leading the changes in war with changes in science and technology, and seeking opportunities to win battles with new capabilities, laying a solid foundation for winning the future.

Think about change and prepare for construction

■Guo Fengkuan

At the beginning of the Two Sessions, “accelerating the construction of advanced combat capabilities” became a hot topic among military representatives and deputies. Everyone held discussions and exchanges around the themes of “what will be needed on the battlefield in the future, what will be relied upon to win the war, and what will be practiced based on the current situation”. The construction of advanced combat capabilities plays an important role in changing the winning mechanism of war, enriching combat styles and scenarios, and traction of high-tech weapon manufacturing. To continuously improve the strategic ability to defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests, we need to deeply grasp the internal logic of the generation of advanced combat capabilities, systematically sort out the specific methods and paths to accelerate the construction of advanced combat capabilities, and focus on thinking about changes, construction, and preparations for advanced combat capabilities.

In today’s world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating breakthroughs, and the world’s new military revolution is accelerating. Strategic high-tech technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, and quantum technology are competing to burst forth. The widespread use of science and technology in the military field has caused profound changes in the form of war and combat methods, and is increasingly becoming an important factor in determining the victory or defeat of war.

At present, the evolution of war forms is showing many new trends, and intelligent features are more prominent. Some new technical equipment has formed a dimensionality reduction strike posture against traditional equipment. New-quality combat forces represented by strategic early warning, information control, algorithmic attack and defense, unmanned intelligence, etc. are increasingly becoming an important factor influencing the trend of modern warfare. Under the guidance of military intelligence, new-quality combat forces continue to give birth to combat types with higher efficiency and better quality. Advanced combat capabilities are increasingly becoming a powerful force driving the world’s new military revolution.

Accelerating the construction of advanced combat capabilities is not only an integral part of promoting high-quality national defense and military modernization, but also an important means to achieve the goals of the centenary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army as scheduled. Only by adjusting and optimizing the military force system, accelerating the development of new combat forces, increasing the training of new military talents, and solidly promoting practical military training, and focusing all work on being able to fight and win battles, can the vitality of combat effectiveness elements burst forth and promote the construction of advanced combat effectiveness to a new level.

現代國語：

瑞雪迎春，鲜花吐蕊。人民大会堂再次迎来春天的盛会。

参加全国两会的代表委员肩负重托，齐聚一堂，共商国是。今年是“十五五”开局之年，面对风高浪急的国际形势和深刻演变的战争形态，党的二十届四中全会提出的“加快先进战斗力建设”，成为军队代表委员关注的重要课题。

“先进战斗力代表了信息化智能化战争最具优势的作战能力，是军队建设的‘风向标’和军事竞争的‘制高点’。唯有以时不我待的紧迫感责任感，加快先进战斗力建设，才能在未来战场赢得战略主动，有效履行新时代使命任务。”这是军队代表委员的强烈共识。他们以来自演训一线、边防哨所、科研战位的亲身实践，展现出人民军队锚定目标、换挡提速，向世界一流迈进的昂扬斗志和精神风貌。

★体系融合攥铁拳

采访祁伟光代表时，他向记者展示了两张图表：一张是过去各军种“烟囱林立”的训练计划，色块割裂，形同“孤岛”；另一张是如今“积木拼合”的联合演训蓝图，模块咬合，浑然一体。

“1+1=1，这才是联合作战的精髓！”祁伟光代表一语破的。

他以一次远海联合巡航为例，阐释体系“风向标”如何重塑战场形态。在整个行动期间，“万吨大驱”不再“单打独斗”，而是化身为“海上信息枢纽”与“火力支点”，与空军预警机、海军观通站、陆军远程火力实时共享数据，织就精密“天网”。

“任何先进平台，脱离体系即沦为‘信息孤岛’。我们要抢占的‘制高点’，正是体系融合、跨界协同！”祁伟光代表说。

来自陆军某合成旅的陈松代表对此感同身受：“过去演习，常遇到‘空域未开’‘频段不通’的尴尬。如今，‘联合’已刻入战斗本能！”作为陆军首批数字化部队指挥员，他对体系“风向标”的理解尤为深刻。他翻开随身携带、已经有些卷边的一本厚厚资料说：“进攻发起前，陆航开辟通路、炮兵火力覆盖，各司其职、密切配合。过去比‘跑得快、打得准’，现在看‘联得好、算得快’。一次演习中，我们在无人机引导下实现‘发现即摧毁’，这在过去难以想象。”

“先进战斗力是在实战化训练中生成的，要‘战’字当头，一切向打仗聚焦、一切向实战用劲！”很多军队代表委员表示，现在部队的训练计划，不再按“年度”划分，而是按“任务周期”划分；考核标准，不再是“米秒环”，而是“贡献率”和“毁伤值”。当“发现即摧毁”成为常态，谁能在体系融合中快人一步，谁就掌握了战场的主动权。

从“单一军种”到“全域视野”，从“物理叠加”到“化学反应”，体系融合的“风向标”，正引领三军攥指成拳，锻造披坚执锐的先进战斗力。

★挑战极限砺刀锋

来自空军的王文毅代表的电脑屏保，是一张飞行夹克臂章照片。这个磨损严重的臂章无声诉说着他所在的这支蓝天劲旅突破极限、向战而飞的追求。

“未来战争瞬息决胜，飞行标尺须从‘及格线’推向‘极限值’，向实战标准看齐！”王文毅代表向记者展示了过去一年的成绩：沿海高强度跨昼夜对抗，单机日飞行时数屡创新高；复杂电磁环境下，三代机成功完成新型武器极限突防验证……

“刚开始，也有人质疑：会不会太冒险？我的回答是：战场没有‘保险箱’。”王文毅代表忆及一次拂晓出击的场景。那天，云层低垂，能见度极低，地面引导严重受限。“‘盲飞’中，既要靠仪表保持编队，又要抗强电磁干扰。如果平时只敢在‘万米晴空’上画航线，战时就会在‘低云浓雾’里撞得头破血流！”王文毅代表坚定地说。

“‘升空即作战、起飞即突击’——这是我们立的铁规。不仅要让战机飞出新高度，更要锤炼极限环境下的过硬战斗力！”王文毅代表的话，道出军队代表委员的共同心声：训练场无缝对接战场，方能化“极限”为“极致”，真正抢占未来战场的制胜高点。

“如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标，已进入倒计时。时间紧迫、任务艰巨，唯有全力攻坚！”谈起极限训练，来自火箭军的侯长岭代表目光炯炯。

当年，他所在部队在新老装备更替之际快速转入“战时状态”。“装载、测试、点火，一切皆如实战！”回忆跨区驻训遭遇数十年不遇特大沙尘暴的情景，侯长岭代表记忆犹新。那次，他们克服环境因素精准操作，一举创造恶劣天气射击精度纪录！

“导弹不仅要‘打出去’，更要‘打得准、打得狠、打得赢’。”侯长岭代表语气铿锵，“请党和人民放心，我们手中的‘倚天长剑’，随时能听令出鞘！”

“战争不会让我们选择对手，战场也不会让我们选择天气和环境。”来自边防一线的罗宇代表告诉记者，“雪域高原，气温有时低至零下40多摄氏度。曾经，出现过在严寒面前打‘退堂鼓’、降低标准的情况；现在，我们规定，所有战术课目必须真正做到把战场设真、把对手设强，把环境设险、把困难设足！”

从“考什么练什么”到“缺什么补什么”，从“低层次徘徊”到“岁岁新跨越”，极限训练的“风向标”，正锻造出一支支能打胜仗的钢铁劲旅。

★新域新质谋突破

来自陆军的徐枫灿代表的工作电脑上，保存着一段超低空突防的精彩视频——

数架武装直升机凭借地形掩护突袭，发射导弹精准摧毁“敌”装甲中枢，机群旋即贴近地面隐入雷达盲区。

“这不仅是装备能力的突破，更是打破平面战场、锻造‘立体铁拳’的理念突围。”徐枫灿代表介绍，过去是“有什么打什么”，现在是“打什么就发展什么能力”。这几年，他们密切关注无人机蜂群组网、直升机激光反导、有人无人协同等前沿技术，不断将新技术深度融入部队作战体系，目标就是要向超低空突防要战斗力，推动陆航力量从支援保障转向主战突击，确保在未来战场上成为撕开防线的“立体铁拳”。

“决胜无声，是潜艇兵的使命！”来自海军潜艇部队的张洪星代表对新质战斗力的理解生动形象。

在一次演练中，“蓝军”布下“天罗地网”，“红军”潜艇借温跃层掩护，幽灵般穿越反潜网，关键时刻饱和攻击重创“敌”舰艇编队……

张洪星代表说：“这次演练，是作战理念、隐蔽与毁伤能力的革新。过去讲‘出得去、回得来’，现在更要‘藏得住、打得准、跑得快’。我们的追求，就是向极限静默要战斗力，让手中的武器成为深海‘定海神针’！”

“现代战争，谁掌握了先进技术，谁就掌握了战场的‘命门’。”来自信息支援部队的一名委员和记者分享了一个亲身经历的故事：某新装备曾受“卡脖子”之困。当时，党员突击队“揭榜挂帅”，昼夜奋战，终于突破壁垒，装备性能倍增。

“抢占‘制高点’，要敢闯‘无人区’、甘坐‘冷板凳’。这些年，眼见着新装备焕发战力，内心的喜悦无与伦比！”这位委员的自豪感溢于言表。

作为制胜未来战场的关键力量，新质战斗力关乎战争走向、关乎建设转型、关乎作战胜负。军队代表委员表示，抢占新域新质制高点，锻造决胜未来战场的尖刀利刃，人民军队正以科技之变引领战争之变，以能力之新谋取胜战之机，为制胜未来夯实根基。

思变革　抓建设　做准备

■郭丰宽

两会伊始，“加快先进战斗力建设”成为军队代表委员热议的话题。大家围绕“未来战场要什么、打赢战争靠什么、立足当前练什么”主题，开展讨论交流。先进战斗力建设具有改变战争制胜机理、丰富作战样式场景、牵引高新武器制造等重要作用。不断提高捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益的战略能力，需要深刻把握先进战斗力生成的内在逻辑，系统梳理加快先进战斗力建设的具体方法路径，聚焦先进战斗力思变革、抓建设、做准备。

当今世界，新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速突破，世界新军事革命加速推进，人工智能、大数据、区块链、量子科技等战略高新技术竞相迸发，科学技术在军事领域的广泛运用引起战争形态和作战方式深刻变化，日益成为决定战争胜负的重要因素。

当前，战争形态演变呈现很多新趋势，智能化特征更加突出，一些新的技术装备对传统装备形成降维打击态势，以战略预警、信息控制、算法攻防、无人智能等为代表的新质作战力量愈发成为左右现代战争趋势的重要因素。新质作战力量在军事智能牵引下，不断孕育出效能更高、质态更优的战斗力类型，先进战斗力愈益成为驱动世界新军事革命的强劲力量。

加快推进先进战斗力建设，既是高质量推进国防和军队现代化的题中应有之义，也是如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标的重要抓手。调整优化军事力量体系，加快新型作战力量发展，加大新型军事人才培养力度，扎实推进实战化军事训练，各项工作向能打仗、打胜仗聚焦，方能让战斗力要素的活力竞相迸发，推动先进战斗力建设不断迈上新台阶。

来源：解放军报 作者：钱晓虎 郭丰宽 彭冰洁 责任编辑：徐占虎 2026-03-05

解放军报记者　钱晓虎　郭丰宽　彭冰洁

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/

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Chinese Military Exploring the Path to Unleash and Develop New-Quality Combat Capabilities

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中國軍隊正在探索釋放和發展新型高品質作戰能力的途徑

現代英語：

Introduction

The combat effectiveness factor is the decisive factor in the rise and fall of the army, and the combat effectiveness standard is the only fundamental standard for army construction. New-quality combat effectiveness is the product of revolutionary breakthroughs, innovative configurations, and creative application of innovation-driven combat effectiveness elements. It represents the development direction of advanced combat effectiveness and is the “sword” and “tip” that wins future wars. We must grasp the characteristics and laws of the generation of new-quality combat effectiveness, adhere to the principle of self-reliance, start from reality, vigorously promote independent innovation and original innovation, create a new-quality combat effectiveness growth pole, and provide strong strategic support for achieving the goals of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army as scheduled and accelerating the construction of the People’s Army into a world-class army.

Emerging fields are fertile ground for incubation

Science and technology are the most dynamic and revolutionary factors in military development. Emerging fields are new strategic spaces and key technology fields that emerge with the advancement of science and technology and the expansion of the scope of human activities. They naturally have extremely strong value attributes such as timeliness, strategy, cutting-edge, and disruption. This also determines that emerging fields have many special advantages that traditional fields do not have. Technology is the core combat power, and new-quality combat power fundamentally comes from the innovation and application of technology. The continued advancement of the materialization and embodiment of key core technologies in emerging fields will have a profound impact on the construction of weapons and equipment, innovation in combat styles, adjustment of organizational systems, and the evolution of war forms. It will achieve innovative configuration and optimized combination of weapons and equipment, combat styles, and personnel, and promote new development and breakthroughs in combat effectiveness construction It provides good conditions and soil for liberating and developing new-quality combat capabilities, becomes an important incubator, accelerator, and multiplier for new-quality combat capabilities, and promotes the evolution of combat capabilities to a new quality state that is higher, more advanced, and has greater comparative advantages. Therefore, we must comprehensively enhance strategic capabilities in emerging fields, coordinate the development of forward-looking strategic emerging industries, place scientific and technological innovation in a more prominent position, open up a direct channel for the transformation of new quality productivity into new quality combat effectiveness, and build a new quality combat effectiveness innovation chain, growth chain, and killing chain that is compatible with the development of emerging fields Create a good ecology that relies on strategic emerging industries to liberate and develop new-quality combat effectiveness, continuously improve the contribution rate of scientific and technological innovation to the development of new-quality combat effectiveness, and achieve efficient integration and two-way promotion of new-quality productivity and new-quality combat effectiveness.

Military innovation is kernel driven

“Those who fly far away should replace their feathers.” To focus on innovation is to focus on development, and to seek innovation is to seek the future. Innovation is the primary driving force leading development and an accelerator for generating and improving combat effectiveness. For an army, only by daring to change and reshape itself, and bravely fighting against the current and chasing the tide can it win the future battlefield. World-class armies need to achieve material and technological casting and reshaping in construction and reform, and even more so, they need to achieve ideological sublimation and transformation in the practice of war and preparation for war. Military innovation has become an important strategy for many countries and militaries to seek competitive advantages. It has become a key variable in the success or failure of the game between major powers and the life and death of the military, and a powerful driving force for the liberation and development of new-quality combat capabilities. Therefore, we must promote innovation culture, optimize the innovation environment, create an innovation atmosphere, vigorously promote and encourage the pursuit of excellence, leading trends, and unremitting exploration, promote the innovative spirit that keeps pace with the times, strive to stimulate the innovative potential and innovative vitality of the vast number of officers and soldiers, make military innovation a value orientation, a way of thinking, and a living habit, and build an innovative army. We must resolutely overcome all forms of adherence to the norm, adherence to established ideas, and conservative practices, actively promote innovation in military theory, military technology, military organization, and military management, and vigorously promote all-round innovation from weapons and equipment to combat training, from theoretical research to the application of tactics, from systems and mechanisms to talent training, so that military innovation can be ahead of war and ahead of the adversary Use innovation to drive combat effectiveness from “quantity” value-added to “quality” leap.

Scientific theory is the leader in development

Scientific military theory is combat effectiveness. The generation of new-quality combat capabilities undoubtedly depends on advanced science and technology. However, new quality combat effectiveness is essentially the product of advanced military technology and advanced military theory “marriage”. In future wars, the realization of the potential of new-quality combat effectiveness will depend on whether there are new breakthroughs in the corresponding military theories and whether the corresponding combat theory system can be effectively established. On the one hand, new-quality combat effectiveness has shifted from the past “technology-driven” based solely on scientific and technological progress to a new track that pays more attention to “design-driven” based on the traction of military theoretical innovation. Only in this way can new vitality and vigor be injected into the liberation and development of new-quality combat capabilities. On the other hand, the generation and development of new-quality combat power is the product of the innovative development of material power. To make good use of this product and occupy the commanding heights of future wars, we must rely on ideological leaps to promote innovation in combat methods and elevate the application of new-quality combat power to a higher level. Just as mechanization encounters “blitzkrieg” and its power multiplies, the organic unity of material and ideological forces can constitute the king of victory. Therefore, we must grasp the general trend of world development and military development, proactively respond to national security risks and threats of war, continuously adapt to new situations, respond to new challenges, and solve new problems, boldly explore in practice, dare to break through in theory, give military theory scientific and technological wings, capture the “singularity ”“ inflection point” of cutting-edge strategic technological development, and accelerate the modernization of military theory Form a military theoretical system that is contemporary, leading and unique, and provide scientific theoretical support for the liberation and development of new-quality combat capabilities.

The talent pool is the determining factor

The way to strengthen the army is to gain people. Strong talent leads to strong new-quality combat effectiveness, and prosperous talent leads to prosperous new-quality combat effectiveness. The talent team is a valuable strategic resource for liberating and developing new-quality combat effectiveness. People, weapons and the way people and weapons are combined are the basic forms of the composition of combat effectiveness elements. The factor that determines the victory or defeat of a war is that people are not things. People are the most active and decisive factor in combat effectiveness, and new-quality combat effectiveness places higher demands on the thinking, knowledge and skills of military talents. When the capabilities and qualities of personnel and the overall structure of personnel cannot adapt well to the changes in combat effectiveness connotation and the requirements of the transformation of combat effectiveness generation mode, shortcomings will be formed in the combat effectiveness system and combat effectiveness activity will be reduced. Today, information-based and intelligent talents have become an important resource and determining factor in leading the development of new-quality combat effectiveness. Therefore, we must adapt to the accelerated evolution of modern warfare towards intelligence, face the world’s military frontier, face the major needs of national security, face national defense and military modernization, and face the formation of integrated joint combat capabilities. We must thoroughly implement the strategy of strengthening the military with talents in the new era, firmly establish the concept that talent resources are the first strategic resource, build a new type of military talent system, accelerate the modernization of military personnel, and promote the capabilities, quality, structural layout, We will comprehensively transform and upgrade development and management, forge high-quality, professional new military talents with both moral integrity and talent, build a strong talent team in various aspects such as joint combat command talents, new combat force talents, high-level scientific and technological innovation talents, and high-level strategic management talents, and better play the leading and supporting role of talents in liberating and developing new-quality combat capabilities.

Weapons and equipment are the material basis

“Pistol Battle Victory Sword”, this is the universal law of war. Weapons and equipment are the main symbol of the division of war forms, an important symbol of the modernization of the army, the material and technical basis of combat capabilities, and directly affect the level of combat effectiveness. In modern warfare, the influence of weapons and equipment on the outcome of war is becoming increasingly prominent. When the scientific and technological revolution comes, especially when a large number of scientific and technological innovation results emerge and are widely used in the military field, the emergence of new weapons and equipment based on these scientific and technological innovation results will bring about a revolutionary transformation of the weapons and equipment system. A new quality combat capability based on this new weapons and equipment system will also be generated, leading to the overall transformation and upgrading of combat capability Achieve a leap in combat effectiveness. It can be said that new-quality combat capability is the combat capability generated by the combined effect of various new types of weapons and equipment. Therefore, designing weapons and equipment means designing future wars, and weapons and equipment construction is a systematic project that integrates technology, funding, and management. Therefore, we must deeply understand and grasp the characteristics and laws of modern warfare, deeply grasp the contemporary connotation and characteristics and requirements of weapons and equipment construction, actively adapt to changes in the world, the times, and history, actively adapt to changes in science and technology, war, and adversaries, accurately identify changes, respond scientifically, and actively seek changes, accelerate the modernization of weapons and equipment, accumulate advantages in innovative breakthroughs, and compete with strong enemies in catching up Accelerate the development of new weapons and equipment to provide strong material and technical support for the liberation and development of new-quality combat capabilities.

Structural formation is the key bearing

Structure determines function, and function determines success or failure. The organic combination of war resources is the power source and amplifier for the exercise of power; whoever can combine combat elements into a whole that is more adapted to the new war environment can exert stronger combat effectiveness. Without the advantages of military organization, even with the most advanced technology and weapons, it is difficult to gain an overwhelming winning advantage. Especially driven by the collective explosion of contemporary science and technology, the liberation and development of new-quality combat effectiveness urgently requires profound changes and adjustments in the organizational form of the military, and promotes the integrated design, coordinated development, convenient flow, networked sharing, systematic integration, and efficient utilization of military talents, equipment, theory, technology, data, management and other factors, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of resource allocation. The main form of new-quality combat power is formed through the integration of network information systems. Moreover, the contribution of each combat element is no longer a simple linear superposition relationship. Comprehensive perception is the prerequisite, like a human eye; real-time accusations are the key, like a human head; precision strikes are the center of gravity, like a human fist; and full-dimensional protection is the foundation It is like a person’s self-defense; focusing on protection is the lifeblood, like a person’s energy supplement. Therefore, to promote the modernization of organizational forms and realize the scientificization of combat organization, we must shift from organizing according to the functions of the military services to integrating according to combat functions, and transform the combat system from integrating unit functions to aggregating factor energy. We must get rid of the model of simple superposition and mechanical coordination of combat forces “physical”, and instead pursue organic integration and efficient aggregation “chemical” Thus creating a new combination with new quality combat capabilities.

Education and training are the basic path

Dynamic evolution is the basic law for the generation of new-quality combat effectiveness. Without strict education and training, there will be no new-quality combat effectiveness. Education and training are the basic path for generating and improving combat effectiveness. They are the basic way to transform the potential combat effectiveness formed by personnel quality and weapons and equipment into real combat effectiveness. They are also the central link in liberating and developing new-quality combat effectiveness. When new combat equipment is put into service, people often only have a preliminary understanding of its new functions. Greater use value and stronger combat effectiveness must be discovered and explored in actual combat confrontation exercises. Compared with traditional combat forces, new-domain and new-quality combat forces have more complex combat platforms, more special energy release mechanisms, and more regulatory relationships involved in battlefield operations, requiring the mastery of new control techniques. Only when each position has skilled weapons and equipment control skills can it be skilled and courageous and maximize the effectiveness of the weapon system; only when each command personnel truly masters the method of close connection and smooth coordination of various systems and elements can they command and control with ease. Science and technology provide effective means of education and training, especially contemporary scientific and technological innovation, which promotes the closer integration of the two elements of people and weapons. Therefore, we must strengthen scientific and technological training, explore ways to empower military training methods such as “intelligence+”“network+”, strengthen simulation, combat testing, etc., and explore and understand the widest scope of battlefield application, the best formation and focusing method, and the greatest confrontation ability effect in adapting to the battlefield “game rules” from breaking to reconstruction Shorten the generation cycle of new quality combat power.

Strategic management is an important guarantee

“Hold the position and set your sights on it; hold the foundation and set your sights on it. ” The liberation and development of new-quality combat capabilities is a complex systematic project and an era project “starting with technology and achieving success through management”. Only by strengthening strategic management and grasping its inherent systematicity, correlation and coordination can we advance it as a whole, cultivate “one-finger Zen” into “iron fist”, and achieve twice the result with half the effort. On the one hand, liberating and developing new-quality combat capabilities involves many aspects, including military theory, organization system, weapons and equipment, talent construction, comprehensive support, etc. It requires integrating the wisdom and achievements of many related fields such as strategic experts, military experts, technical experts and engineering experts, so as to ensure the integrity of the multi-dimensional perspective and top-level design of problem research. On the other hand, the construction of new-quality combat capabilities has many types, a large time span, and wide resource requirements. It is necessary to properly handle the relationship between military demand and resource supply, near-term emergency response and long-term development, and local adjustment and overall advancement. In addition, the continuous emergence of new needs, new knowledge, new experience and new technologies will inevitably affect our understanding of new quality combat effectiveness. To this end, we must strengthen strategic management, follow the laws of technological development, and pay more attention to intensive and efficient development. Focus on improving top-level design, starting from different types of forces, tasks at different stages, and contradictions and problems, refine the specific development plan one by one, formulate and improve a clear development roadmap, and achieve precise planning, precise planning, precise deployment, precise implementation, and precise testing to avoid directional errors, structural chaos, and process loss of control; focus on making good use of incremental resources, integrating existing resources, and revitalizing idle resources, Improve the efficiency of resource utilization, transform resources into combat effectiveness to the greatest extent possible, prevent and put an end to inefficient, low-quality and low-level repeated construction, and ensure that the construction of new-quality combat effectiveness advances rapidly along the right direction and path.

現代國語：

引言

戰鬥力因素是軍隊興衰成敗的決定性因素，戰鬥力標準是軍隊建立唯一的根本的標準。新質戰鬥力是創新驅動戰鬥力要素革命性突破、創新配置、創意運用的產物，代表先進戰鬥力的發展方向，是贏得未來戰爭的「利劍」和「刀尖」。我們要掌握新質戰鬥力生成的特點規律，堅持以我為主，從實際出發，大力推進自主創新、原始創新，打造新質戰鬥力增長極，為如期實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標，加快把人民軍隊建成世界一流軍隊提供強大的戰略支撐。

新興領域是孵化沃土

科學技術是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。新興領域是隨著科學技術進步和人類活動範圍拓展，而出現的新型戰略空間和關鍵技術領域，天然擁有極強的時代性、戰略性、前沿性、顛覆性等價值屬性。這也決定新興領域在許多方面具有傳統領域所不具備的特殊優勢。科技是核心戰鬥力，新質戰鬥力從根本上看源自於科技的創新與應用。新興領域關鍵核心技術物化具化過程的持續推進，將對武器裝備建設、作戰樣式創新、編制體制調整和戰爭形態演進產生深刻影響，實現武器裝備、作戰樣式及人員的創新性配置和優化組合，推動戰鬥力建設取得新發展、新突破，為解放和發展新質戰鬥力提供了良好的速度因此，要全面提升新興領域戰略能力，統籌佈局前瞻性戰略性新興產業發展，把科技創新擺在更加突出的位置，打通新質生產力向新質戰鬥力直達轉化通道，構建同新興領域發展相適應的新質戰鬥力創新鏈、成長鏈、殺傷鏈，營造生產力向新戰略性新興產業解放與發展新質戰鬥力的良好生態力，不高效創新

軍事創新是內核驅動

「遠飛者當換其新羽。」抓創新​​就是抓發展，謀創新就是謀未來。創新是引領發展的第一動力，也是產生和提升戰鬥力的加速器。對一支軍隊來說，敢於自我變革、自我重塑，勇於擊水中流、逐浪潮頭，才能致勝未來戰場。世界一流軍隊需要在建設和改革中實現物質技術上的鑄造和重塑，更需要在戰爭和準備戰爭的實踐中實現思想觀念上的昇華與蛻變。軍事創新已成為許多國家和軍隊尋求競爭優勢的重要策略，成為攸關大國博弈成敗、軍隊生死興衰的關鍵變量，成為解放和發展新質戰鬥力的強大動力。因此，要弘揚創新文化，優化創新環境，營造創新氛圍，大力提倡並鼓勵追求卓越、引領潮流、不懈探索，弘揚與時俱進的創新精神，努力激發廣大官兵的創新潛能和創新活力，使軍事創新成為一種價值導向、一種思維方式、一種生活習慣，打造創新型軍隊。要堅決克服各種守常心理、守成思想和守舊做法，積極推進軍事理論、軍事技術、軍事組織、軍事管理創新，大力推進從武器裝備到作戰訓練、從理論研究到戰法運用、從體制機製到人才培養的全方位創新，讓軍事創新走在戰爭前面、走在對手前面，以創新戰鬥力由「質」的增值邁向「質」的增值邁向。

科學理論是發展先導

科學的軍事理論就是戰鬥力。新質戰鬥力的生成，無疑有賴先進科學技術。然而，新質戰鬥力本質上是先進軍事科技和先進軍事理論「聯姻」的產物。未來戰爭中，新質戰鬥力潛力的發揮，將依賴相應軍事理論是否有新突破，依賴相應作戰理論體系能否有效建立。一方面，新質戰鬥力已由過去的單純基於科技進步的「技術推動」轉向更加註重基於軍事理論創新牽引的「設計驅動」的新軌道。這樣才能為解放和發展新質戰鬥力注入新的活力和活力。另一方面，新質戰鬥力的生成發展，是物質力創新發展的產物，而要用好這一產物，佔據未來戰爭的製高點，則必須靠思想力飛躍推進戰法創新，使新質戰鬥力的運用躍升到更高的境界。正如機械化遇到了「閃擊戰」威力才倍增一樣，物質力與思想力的有機統一，方可構成製勝的王道。因此，要把握世界發展大勢和軍事發展潮流，前瞻應對國家安全風險和戰爭威脅，不斷適應新形勢、應對新挑戰、解決新問題，在實踐上大膽探索，在理論上勇於突破，給軍事理論插上科技的翅膀，捕捉前沿性戰略性技術發展的“奇點”“戰點”，加快軍事理論的現代化，形成具有現代性戰略性技術發展的“奇點”“戰點”，加快軍事理論發展，形成具有現代性理論，引領性支持性理論，支持性運動理論，形成具有獨特性的現代性理論和領導性理論，支持性運動理論。

人才隊伍是決定因素

強軍之道，要在得人。人才強則新質戰鬥力強，人才興則新質戰鬥力興，人才隊伍是解放和發展新質戰鬥力的寶貴戰略資源。人、武器以及人與武器的結合方式，是戰鬥力要素構成的基本形態。決定戰爭勝敗的因素是人不是物。人是戰鬥力中最活躍、最具決定意義的因素，新質戰鬥力對軍事人才的思維、知識和技能提出更高要求。當人員的能力素質與人員的整體結構都無法較好適應戰鬥力內涵變化與戰鬥力生成模式轉變要求時，就會在戰鬥力系統中形成短板，降低戰鬥力活性。今天，資訊化智能化人才已成為引領新質戰鬥力發展的重要資源和決定因素。因此，要適應現代戰爭加速向智慧化演變趨勢，面向世界軍事前沿、面向國家安全重大需求、面向國防和軍隊現代化、面向形成一體化聯合作戰能力，深入實施新時代人才強軍戰略，牢固樹立人才資源是第一戰略資源的理念，構建新型軍事人才體系，加快軍事人員現代化，推動軍事人員能力素質、結構佈局、開發管理全面轉型升級，鍛造德才兼備的高素質、專業化新型軍事人才，建強聯合作戰指揮人才、新型作戰力量人才、高層次科技創新人才、高水平戰略管理人才等各方面人才隊伍，更好發揮人才對解放和發展新質戰鬥力的引領和支撐作用。

武器裝備是物質基礎

“手槍戰勝利劍”，這是戰爭的普遍法則。武器裝備是戰爭形態劃分的主要標誌，也是軍隊現代化的重要標誌，也是作戰能力的物質技術基礎，直接影響戰鬥力水準。現代戰爭中，武器裝備對戰爭勝負的影響愈加凸顯。當科技革命來臨，特別是大量科技創新成果的湧現並廣泛運用於軍事領域時，以這些科技創新成果為基礎的新型武器裝備的出現，帶來武器裝備體系的革命性轉變，以這種新型武器裝備體系為基礎的新質戰鬥力就會隨之產生，從而導致戰鬥力的整體轉型升級，實現戰鬥力形態的躍升。可以說，新質戰鬥力就是各種新型武器裝備綜合作用而產生的作戰能力。因此，設計武器裝備就是設計未來戰爭，而武器裝備建設是集技術、資金、管理等於一體的系統工程。因此，要深刻認識和掌握現代戰爭的特點規律，深刻把握武器裝備建設時代內涵、特點要求，積極順應世界之變、時代之變、歷史之變，積極適應科技之變、戰爭之變、對手之變，準確識變、科學應變、主動求變，加快武器裝備現代化，在創新戰鬥中累積優勢，在緊緊抓住武器中推動力量發展力量，在創新中推動力量強大，在力量中推動力量強大，在力量中推動力量強大，在創新中推動力量，在力量中推動力量強大，在力量中推動力量力量，在新事物中推動力量強大，在力量中推動力量強大，在力量中推動力量力量，在新事物中推動力量強大，在力量中推動力量強大，在力量中推動力量力量，在新事物中推動力量強大，在力量中推動力量力量，在新事物中推動力量強大，在力量中推動力量強大，在力量中推動力量力量，在新事物中推動力量強大，在力量中推動力量，在力量中推動力量強大，在力量中推動力量，在力量中推動力量，在力量中推動力量強大，在新事物中推動力量發展為新力量。

結構編成是關鍵承載

結構決定功能，功能決定成敗。戰爭資源的有機組合，是力量發揮的動力來源、擴大機；誰能使作戰要素組合為一個更適應新的戰爭環境的整體，誰就能發揮出更強大的作戰效能。沒有軍隊組織形態優勢，即便技術、武器再先進，也很難獲得壓倒性制勝優勢。特別是在當代科學技術群體式爆發驅動下，解放和發展新質戰鬥力迫切需要軍隊組織形態深刻變革調整，推動軍事人才、裝備、理論、技術、數據、管理等要素整合設計、協同化開發、便利化流動、網路化共享、系統化整合、高效利用，進而大幅提升資源配置效率。新質戰鬥力的主體形態，是透過網路資訊系統的融合而形成的，而且每個作戰要素的貢獻已不再是簡單線性疊加關係，綜合感知是前提，猶如人的眼睛；實時指控是關鍵，猶如人的腦袋；精確打擊是重心，猶如人的拳頭；全維防護是基礎，猶如人的腦袋；精確打擊是重心，猶如人的拳頭；全維防護是基礎，猶如人的自我防衛補充。因此，推進組織形態現代化，實現作戰編組科學化，就要由按軍種職能編組向按作戰功能融合轉變，作戰體係由單元功能融合向要素能量聚合轉變，擺脫將作戰力量「物理式」簡單疊加、機械協同的模式，轉而追求「化學式」的有機融合、高效聚合，從而打造全新質戰鬥力的具備組合體。

教育訓練是基本途徑

動態演進是新質戰鬥力生成的基本規律，沒有嚴格教育訓練就沒有新質戰鬥力。教育訓練是戰鬥力生成和提升的基本路徑，是把由人員素質、武器裝備所形成的潛在戰鬥力轉化為現實戰鬥力的基本途徑，更是解放和發展新質戰鬥力的中心環節。新型作戰裝備入列，人們往往只是對其新異功能有了初步把握，更大的使用價值、更強大的作戰效能，必須在實戰化的對抗演練中發現和挖掘。新域新質作戰力量與傳統作戰力量相比，作戰平台更加複雜，能量釋放機制更為特殊，戰場行動涉及的調控關係更多，需要掌握新的駕馭之術。每個崗位人員只有具備熟練的武器裝備操控技能，才能藝高人膽大，將武器系統的效能發揮到極致；每位指揮人員只有切實掌握各系統、各要素緊密銜接、流暢配合的方法，才能指揮控制得游刃有餘。科技提供了有效的教育訓練手段，尤其是當代科技創新推動人和武器兩大要素結合得越來越緊密。因此，要加強科技練兵，探索「智慧+」網路+」等賦能軍事訓練方法路徑，強化模擬模擬、作戰試驗等方式，在對戰場「遊戲規則」從適應到打破再到重建中，探索摸清最廣的戰場適用範圍、最佳的編成聚力方式、最大的對抗能力效應，縮短新質戰鬥力生成週期。

策略管理是重要保證

「秉綱而目自張，執本而末自從。」解放和發展新質戰鬥力是個複雜的系統工程，也是一個「始於技術、成於管理」的時代工程。只有加強策略管理，掌握其內在的系統性、關聯性、協同性，才能整體推進，將“一指禪”練成“鐵拳頭”，收到事半功倍之效。一方面，解放和發展新質戰鬥力涉及許多方面，包括軍事理論、編制體制、武器裝備、人才建設、綜合保障等，需要集納戰略專家、軍事專家、技術專家和工程專家等眾多相關領域的智慧和成果，從而確保問題研究多維視角和頂層設計的完整性。另一方面，新質戰鬥力建設類型多、時間跨度大、資源需求廣，需要妥善處理軍事需求與資源供給、近期應急與長遠發展、局部調整與整體推進的關係。加之，新需求、新知識、新經驗、新技術不斷湧現，也必然影響我們對新質戰鬥力的認知。為此，要強化策略管理，遵循技術發展規律，更重視集約高效。專注於提升頂層設計，從不同類型力量、不同階段任務、不同矛盾問題入手，把具體的發展規劃逐一細化，制訂完善明晰的發展路線圖，做到精準規劃、精準規劃、精準部署、精準落實、精準檢驗，避免出現方向性錯誤、結構性混亂和過程性失控；注重用好增量資源、整合存量資源、盤活閒置資源，提高資源利用效益，最大限度地把資源轉化為戰鬥力，防止和杜絕低效低質低水平重複建設，確保新質戰鬥力建設沿著正確的方向、路徑快速推進。

来源：中国军网-解放军报 作者：许三飞 责任编辑：孙智英 发布：2024-06-20 00

许三飞

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/

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Chinese Military Exclusive Requirements for Strategies & Tactics of People’s War in The New Era

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新時代中國軍隊對人民戰爭戰略戰術的獨特要求

現代英語：

Looking back on its glorious combat history, the People’s Army has consistently adhered to the absolute leadership of the Party, proposing and implementing a comprehensive set of strategies and tactics for people’s war. These strategies and tactics are a crucial weapon for the People’s Army to defeat the strong with the weak and to conquer the enemy. Over the past 98 years, with the changing times and evolving forms of warfare, the specific content and manifestations of the strategies and tactics for people’s war have continuously evolved. To confront the challenges of information-based and intelligent warfare, we must firmly grasp the essential requirements and value orientations of the strategies and tactics for people’s war amidst the rapidly evolving global trends and practices, unifying the inherently unchanging laws of conduct with the external realities of change, and continuously innovating and developing the strategies and tactics for people’s war in the new era.

President Xi Jinping emphasized that no matter how the situation develops, the magic weapon of people’s war must never be lost. However, we must grasp the new characteristics and new requirements of people’s war in the new era, innovate its content, methods and approaches, and unleash its overall power. Currently, facing profound challenges brought about by changes in science and technology, warfare, and our adversaries, we must not only inherit and carry forward the fine traditions of people’s war, but also be sensitive to changes, actively respond to them, and proactively seek change. We must accurately grasp the inherent requirements of the strategies and tactics of people’s war in the new era, consciously update our thinking and concepts, and innovate strategic guidance, so that this magic weapon of defeating the enemy can be demonstrated on future battlefields.

Adhere to relying on the people and deeply rooted

In the long practice of revolutionary war, the people are the most profound force for victory. The people are the primary force behind the strategies and tactics of people’s war, a magic weapon for victory. People’s war has its roots deeply rooted in the people, and its confidence comes from the people. Regardless of how the times change or how the war evolves, relying closely on the people and fully mobilizing them will always be the fundamental condition and the only way to carry out people’s war. Developing the strategies and tactics of people’s war in the new era requires adhering to the mass perspective of history and the fundamental requirement that soldiers and civilians are the foundation of victory. We must integrate the traditional strategic advantages of people’s war with the mass line, broaden the sources of vitality for the strategies and tactics of people’s war, draw strategic wisdom and tactical methods from the people, and develop an intellectual advantage for people’s war in the new era. We must solidly carry out national defense education throughout the nation, continuously foster a strong sense of patriotism, inspire patriotism, strengthen awareness of potential dangers, and enhance national defense awareness. We must guide the masses to actively care about and support national defense, thereby infusing powerful spiritual strength into people’s war in the new era. We must focus on promoting high-quality population development, comprehensively improve the cultural, scientific, and innovative qualities of the entire population, accelerate the development of a modern human resource base of high quality, sufficient in volume, optimized in structure, and rationally distributed, and promote the shift of the dominant force in people’s war from quantitative to qualitative. Further improve the national defense mobilization system and mechanism, promote the establishment of a rapid response system that is connected with the national emergency response mechanism and integrated with the joint combat system, fully tap and gather the unlimited war potential contained in the people, and give full play to the resource aggregation and value-added effect.

Focus on overall planning and full-area offense and defense

In the long-term practice of revolutionary warfare, the strategies and tactics of people’s war require the comprehensive mobilization of diverse forces and resources in the political, economic, cultural, diplomatic, and military sectors, and the integrated use of various forms of struggle and methods of operation. This holistic approach compensates for local deficiencies and disadvantages, ultimately defeating powerful adversaries. Modern warfare is not only a fierce confrontation in the military sphere, but also a comprehensive struggle in the political, economic, and diplomatic spheres, exhibiting the distinct characteristics of hybrid warfare. To develop the strategies and tactics of people’s war in the new era, we must establish a broad systemic mindset, relying on the national strategic system and supported by the joint operations system, explore the implementation methods of people’s war strategies and tactics, and win the total war of people’s war in the new era. We should fully leverage the advantages of the new national system, relying on the integrated national strategic system and capabilities, efficiently aggregate superior resources across the board, fully activate the country’s national defense potential, and weave various forces and resources into a network. We should integrate and plan the subsystems of people’s war, including leadership, organization, personnel, command, technology, equipment, and support, to maximize the effectiveness of holistic linkage and systemic operation, and achieve the maximum benefits of all-round effort and multiplied energy. We must strengthen comprehensive coordination across the physical, information, and social domains, focusing on seeking breakthroughs in new domains and new qualities, and making achievements in new dimensions such as unmanned warfare, human-machine collaborative warfare, network and electronic warfare, space and deep-sea warfare, and intelligent and autonomous warfare. Military and non-military means must be coordinated, integrating various forms of struggle, including political, economic, diplomatic, public opinion, and military. Comprehensive measures must be implemented to effectively wage diplomatic offensive and defensive battles, financial and trade battles, psychological defense battles, and public opinion and legal battles. We must leverage the combined effectiveness of political offensives and armed strikes to effectively fight the political and military battles.

Strengthen active defense and take the initiative

Through the long practice of revolutionary warfare, the People’s Army has developed a comprehensive strategic philosophy of active defense, emphasizing, for example, the unity of strategic defense and offensive action in campaigns and battles, the principles of defense, self-defense, and preemptive strike, and the principle of “if no one offends me, I will not offend; if someone offends me, I will certainly offend.” Active defense is fundamentally defensive, its essence lies in activeness, and its inherent characteristic is proactiveness. Currently, profound changes have taken place in the international, national, and Party, military, and political landscapes. The strategies and tactics of people’s war in the new era generally adhere to the fundamental principle of defense and are not aimed at hegemony, aggression, or oppression of other countries. Consequently, they will win the support and endorsement of the vast majority of the Chinese people, as well as the understanding and assistance of peace-loving and justice-loving countries and peoples around the world. Developing the strategies and tactics of people’s war in the new era must adapt to the times and circumstances. We must adhere to a defensive national defense policy, implement the military strategic guidelines of the new era, excel at observing and analyzing issues from a political perspective, and be adept at considering and applying strategies from regional and global perspectives to consolidate the political foundation for victory in people’s war. We must persist in neither provoking trouble nor fearing it, strengthen the regular and diversified use of military force, firmly and flexibly carry out military struggle, and while adhering to the strategic preemptive strike, we must not give up campaign and combat offensives under favorable conditions and when necessary. We must advance steadily, make progress within stability, and be proactive within stability, effectively shape the security situation, contain crises and conflicts, and firmly grasp the initiative in the struggle.

Highlight new quality dominance and technological empowerment

In the long practice of revolutionary warfare, while emphasizing that victory in war is primarily determined by people, not objects, the People’s Army has also placed great emphasis on the research and development of advanced military technology, particularly weaponry. Comrade Mao Zedong once emphasized that without modern equipment, it would be impossible to defeat the armies of imperialism. The technological content of modern warfare has undergone a qualitative leap, with advanced technologies and new weaponry such as artificial intelligence, big data, quantum computing, unmanned aerial vehicles, and brain control being widely applied in the military. While the people remain the decisive force in determining victory in war, the manifestation of this power has undergone significant changes. Science and technology are core combat power, and People’s War will place greater emphasis on the application of scientific and technological means and rely even more heavily on the wisdom and creativity of the people. Developing the strategies and tactics of People’s War in the new era should prioritize winning information-based and intelligent warfare. We should deeply study the essential characteristics, winning mechanisms, and strategies and tactics of high-end warfare, accelerate the shift from “winning by numbers” to “winning by talent,” and from “winning by manpower” to “winning by intelligence,” effectively enhance our ability to win through scientific and technological empowerment and digital intelligence, and truly unleash the crucial role of science and technology and talent in People’s War in the new era. We will accelerate the development of high-tech industries, vigorously strengthen the construction of new forces in new domains such as ocean, space, cyberspace, artificial intelligence, and quantum technology, increase military-civilian collaboration in high-tech fields, accelerate the transformation and application of new productive forces into new combat capabilities, and promote the expansion of war potential reserves into emerging fields and the focus on new forces. We will integrate and coordinate military and civilian scientific and technological advantages, shifting the focus from traditional support and guarantee elements such as human and material resources to new support and guarantee elements such as information, technology, and intelligence. We will build information, resource, and technology pools with profound foundations and rich reserves, actively cultivate capable, strong, and professional professional support units, and continuously expand the breadth and depth of people’s participation in the war and scientific and technological support.

Emphasis on flexibility, maneuverability, innovation and checks and balances

In the long-term practice of revolutionary warfare, the strategies and tactics of People’s War are highly flexible and maneuverable. Their most essential requirement is to prioritize self-reliance, attacking the enemy without being attacked by them. Based on the actual situation of both sides, we fight the battles based on our weapons, against the enemy, and at the right time and place. We identify the enemy’s weaknesses and vulnerabilities, leverage our strengths and advantages, and defeat the enemy with our own strengths, always seizing the initiative on the battlefield. Flexible and maneuverable strategies and tactics are the magic weapon for defeating an enemy with superior equipment with inferior equipment. “You fight yours, I fight mine” is a summary and generalization of the long-term experience of China’s revolutionary war and the soul and essence of the strategies and tactics of People’s War. Developing the strategies and tactics of People’s War in the new era must grasp the methodological requirements of asymmetric checks and balances, leverage innovative operational concepts, adhere to the mechanisms of victory in modern warfare, and continuously develop practical and effective tactics to defeat the enemy. We must proceed from the actual circumstances of both sides, gaining a deep understanding of operational missions, adversaries, and the evolving operational environment. We must thoroughly grasp the concepts, elements, and methods of victory, objectively analyze and study the strengths and weaknesses, advantages and disadvantages of both sides, know the enemy and ourselves, adapt to the situation, and flexibly utilize various combat forces and methods, striving to achieve maximum results at the lowest cost. We must adhere to the principle of “attacking the enemy without being attacked by them,” capitalize on strengths and avoid weaknesses, avoid the real and attack the weak, attack where the enemy is least prepared, and attack where they must be defended. We must proactively create opportunities, flexibly maneuver the enemy, and fight wherever we are most advantageous and wherever we are most skilled. We must adhere to the principle of “using what we can to defeat what we cannot,” advancing the research and application of military theory, operational guidance, tactics, and training methods in a timely manner, innovating core operational concepts, and developing new types of combat methods. We must fight against the enemy’s tactics, targeting their weaknesses, and leveraging our military’s strengths, thus creating new winning advantages in people’s war through asymmetric checks and balances.

Emphasis on accumulating small things into big things and focusing on unity of purpose

Throughout the long practice of revolutionary warfare, our army has been at an overall disadvantage for considerable periods. Therefore, the strategies and tactics of people’s war emphasize leveraging strength against weakness locally, persisting in accumulating small victories into larger ones, and concentrating forces to wage annihilation campaigns. This has become a key strategy for the people’s army to defeat powerful foes. Compared to previous eras, modern warfare often unfolds across multiple dimensions and domains, providing greater scope for implementing this strategy of “accumulating small victories into larger ones.” Developing the strategies and tactics of people’s war in the new era requires strengthening the concept of “dispersed in appearance, yet focused in spirit; dispersed in form, yet united in strength.” This involves dynamically consolidating and uniting the numerous combat forces distributed across the multidimensional battlefield. Through the fusion of capabilities and immediate optimization, we can launch rapid localized focused-energy attacks, wide-area guerrilla harassment, and deliver annihilating and destructive strikes against key enemy locations. This not only creates a hammering effect, but also continuously wears down the enemy, gradually depriving them of the initiative on the battlefield. This highly integrated distributed warfare emphasizes the wide-area dispersion of troop deployment and the discrete distribution of capabilities. Based on the needs of achieving operational intent, objectives, and missions, it prioritizes the best operational elements, units, and forces. Through the integration of operational capabilities and the accumulation of operational impacts, it aggregates optimal operational effects, unleashes maximum operational potential, maximizes operational effectiveness, and achieves optimal operational results. This distributed warfare has evolved from “geographical dispersion” to “dynamic coupling across all domains and dimensions”: no longer limited to the physical dispersion of personnel and equipment, it extends to multi-dimensional battlefields such as cyber, electromagnetic, and cognitive. Relying on data links, artificial intelligence, and distributed command systems to achieve cross-domain collaboration, it significantly enhances battlefield survivability and multiplies strike effectiveness.

現代國語：

編者按

回望輝煌戰鬥歷程，人民軍隊始終堅持在黨的絕對領導下，提出並實施了一整套人民戰爭戰略戰術，這是人民軍隊以弱勝強、克敵制勝的重要法寶。 98年來，隨著時代變遷和戰爭形態演變，人民戰爭戰略戰術的具體內容和表現形式不斷發展變化。直面資訊化智慧化戰爭挑戰，我們要在快速變化發展的世界大勢和實踐樣態中，牢牢把握人民戰爭戰略戰術的本質要求和價值取向，把內在不變的規律性特徵與外在變化的現實性特徵統一起來，不斷創新發展新時代人民戰爭戰略戰術。

習主席強調指出，無論形勢如何發展，人民戰爭這個法寶永遠不能丟，但要把握新的時代條件下人民戰爭的新特點新要求，創新內容和方式方法，充分發揮人民戰爭的整體威力。當前，面對科技之變、戰爭之變、對手之變帶來的深刻挑戰，我們既要繼承發揚人民戰爭優良傳統，也要敏銳識變、積極應變、主動求變，準確把握新時代人民戰爭戰略戰術內在要求，自覺更新思維理念，創新戰略指導，讓克敵制勝的法寶顯威未來戰場。

堅持依靠人民、深根基

在長期革命戰爭實踐中，人民群眾是戰爭勝利最深厚的偉力。人民戰爭戰略戰術，人民是構成這一制勝法寶的主體，人民戰爭的根基深植於人民、底氣來自於人民，無論時代如何發展、戰爭如何演進，緊緊依靠人民、充分動員群眾，永遠是開展人民戰爭的基礎條件和不二法門。新時代條件下發展人民戰爭戰略戰術，必須堅持群眾史觀和兵民是勝利之本的根本要求，把人民戰爭的傳統謀略優勢和群眾路線結合起來，拓展人民戰爭戰略戰術的源頭活水，從人民群眾中汲取戰略智慧和策略方法，形成新時代人民戰爭的智力優勢。札實開展全民防衛教育，不斷厚植家國情懷，激發愛國動力，強化憂患意識，增強國防觀念，引導廣大群眾主動關心國防事業、支持國防建設，為新時代人民戰爭注入強大精神力量。聚力推進人口高品質發展，全面提升全民文化素質、科技素質和創新能力，加速塑造素質優良、總量充裕、結構優化、分佈合理的現代化人力資源，推動人民戰爭主體由數量優勢向質量優勢轉變。進一步完善國防動員體制機制，推動建立與國家應急響應機制相銜接、與聯合作戰體系相融合的快速響應制度，把內含於人民群眾中的無限戰爭潛力充分挖掘出來、聚攏起來，充分發揮資源集聚增值效應。

注重整體運籌、全域攻防

在長期革命戰爭實踐中，人民戰爭戰略戰術要求整體動員政治、經濟、文化、外交、軍事等多方面的力量資源，綜合運用多種鬥爭形式和作戰方式，以整體合力彌補局部的不足和劣勢，從而戰勝強大對手。現代戰爭既是軍事領域的激烈對抗，也是政治、經濟、外交等領域的全面角力，整體呈現混合戰爭的鮮明特徵。新時代條件下發展人民戰爭戰略戰術，必須確立大體系思維模式，以國家戰略體係為依托，以聯合作戰體係為支撐，探索人民戰爭戰略戰術的實現形式，打贏新時代人民戰爭總體戰。應充分發揮新型舉國體制優勢，依託一體化國家戰略體系與能力，高效能聚合全域優勢資源，全方位激活國家國防潛力，將各種力量資源擰線成繩、結繩成網，把人民戰爭的領導要素、組織要素、人員要素、指揮要素、技術要素、裝備要素、保障要素等分系統結合起來，統合、統合方式要加強物理域、資訊域、社會域等領域全面統籌，重點在新域新質上尋求突破，在無人作戰、人機協同作戰、網電作戰、太空深海作戰、智慧自主作戰等新維度有所作為。軍事與非軍事手段相互配合，把政治、經濟、外交、輿論和軍事鬥爭等多種形式結合起來，綜合施策著力打好外交攻防戰、金融貿易戰、心理防護戰、輿論法理戰等，發揮政治攻勢和武裝打擊的綜合效能，統籌打好政治軍事仗。

強化積極防禦、主動進取

在長期革命戰爭實踐中，人民軍隊形成了一整套積極防禦戰略思想，如堅持戰略上防禦與戰役戰斗上進攻的統一，堅持防禦、自衛、後發製人的原則，堅持“人不犯我，我不犯人；人若犯我，我必犯人”，等等。積極防禦，根本在防禦、要義在積極，主動進取是其內在特質。當前，世情國情黨情軍情發生深刻變化，新時代人民戰爭的戰略戰術在總體上堅持防禦性的根本原則，不以霸道霸權和侵略欺壓他國為目的，因此也會贏得國內最廣大人民群眾擁護和支持以及世界上愛好和平與正義的國家和人民的理解和幫助。新時代條件下發展人民戰爭戰略戰術，須應時而變、應勢而動。堅持奉行防禦性國防政策，貫徹落實新時代軍事戰略方針，善於從政治高度出發觀察和分析問題，善於從地區和全球視角來思考和運用策略，夯實人民戰爭制勝的政治基礎。堅持不惹事也不怕事，加強軍事力量常態化多樣化運用，堅定靈活開展軍事鬥爭，在堅持戰略上後發製人的同時，不放棄有利條件下和必要時的戰役戰鬥進攻，穩紮穩打、穩中有進、穩中有為，有效塑造安全態勢，遏止危機沖突，牢牢把握爭鬥主動權。

突顯新質主導、科技賦能

在長期革命戰爭實踐中，人民軍隊在強調決定戰爭勝負的主要因素是人而不是物的同時，同樣高度重視對先進軍事技術特別是武器裝備的研發。毛澤東同志就曾強調，沒有現代的裝備，要戰勝帝國主義的軍隊是不可能的。現代戰爭的科技含量發生了質的飛躍，人工智慧、大數據、量子計算、無人自主、腦控等高新技術與新型武器裝備廣泛應用於軍事領域。雖然人民群眾依然是戰爭勝負的決定性力量，但是這種力量的表現形式發生了重要變化。科技是核心戰鬥力，人民戰爭將更重視科技手段的運用，更依賴人民群眾的智慧和創造力。新時代條件下發展人民戰爭戰略戰術，應把打贏資訊化智能化戰爭作為戰爭準備的著眼點，深研高端戰爭的本質特徵、制勝機理、戰略戰法，加速推動從「人多製勝」向「人才制勝」、從「人力製勝」向「智力製勝」轉變，切實提高新科技賦能、數智者發揮勝利能力、數智性的科技人才、新人民主義中的關鍵人民發揮作用。加速推進高新產業發展，大力加強海洋、太空、網路空間、人工智慧、量子科技等新域新質力量建設，加大高新技術領域軍地協作力度，加速新質生產力向新質戰鬥力轉化運用，推動戰爭潛力儲備向新興領域拓展、向新質力量聚焦。聚合協同軍地科技優勢，由聚焦人力物力等傳統支撐保障要素向聚焦資訊、技術、智慧等新質支撐保障要素轉變，建設底蘊深厚、儲備豐富的資訊池、資源池、技術池，積極打造精幹強能、專業性強的專業支前分隊，不斷拓展人民參戰與科技支前的廣度與深度。

講究靈活機動、創新制衡

在長期革命戰爭實踐中，人民戰爭戰略戰術是高度靈活機動的戰略戰術，最本質的要求是堅持以我為主，致人而不致於人，根據敵我雙方的實際情況，有什麼武器打什麼仗，對什麼敵人打什麼仗，在什麼時間地點打什麼時間地點的仗，找準敵之弱點和軟肋，發揚我之長主動和優勢，能永遠不能掌握戰場。靈活機動的戰略戰術是以劣勢裝備戰勝優勢裝備之敵的致勝法寶。 “你打你的、我打我的”，是中國革命戰爭長期經驗的總結和概括，是人民戰爭戰略戰術的靈魂和精髓。新時代條件下發展人民戰爭戰略戰術，必須掌握非對稱制衡的方法論要求，以作戰概念創新為抓手，遵循現代戰爭制勝機理，不斷推出實用管用的克敵制勝招法。堅持一切從敵我雙方的實際情況出發，深刻洞悉作戰任務、作戰對手、作戰環境變化，深刻把握制勝觀念、制勝要素、制勝方式發展，客觀分析研究敵我雙方的強弱、優劣，知彼知己、因勢而變，靈活運用各種作戰力量和作戰方法，努力以最小代價取得最大戰果。堅持“致人而不致於人”，揚長避短、避實就虛，出其不趨、攻其必救，主動創造戰機，靈活調動敵人，怎麼有利就怎麼打，怎麼擅長就怎麼打。堅持“以能擊不能”，與時俱進推進軍事理論、作戰指導、戰法訓法研究運用，創新核心作戰概念，發展新質作戰手段，不按敵人套路打、盯著敵人軟肋打、發揮我軍優長打，在非對稱制衡中創造人民戰爭新的製勝優勢。

重視積小為大、神聚力合

在長期革命戰爭實踐中，我軍在相當長的時間內都是處於全局上的劣勢地位，所以人民戰爭戰略戰術重視局部上以強對弱，堅持積小勝為大勝，集中力量打殲滅戰，這成為人民軍隊戰勝強敵的關鍵一招。相較於以往，現代戰爭作戰往往在多維多域中展開，為實施「積小勝為大勝」提供了更加廣闊空間。新時代條件下發展人民戰爭戰略戰術，要強化「貌散而神聚，形散而力合」的理念，將分佈在多維戰場的諸多作戰力量動態集中聯合起來，通過效能融合、即時聚優，實施局部快速聚能攻擊、廣域遊擊襲擾，對敵分佈的要點實施殲這種神聚力合的分散式作戰更強調兵力部署廣域分散、能力狀態離散分佈，根據實現作戰企圖、達成作戰目的、遂行作戰任務需要，優選最佳作戰要素、單元、力量，通過作戰能力融合、行動作用累積，聚合最優作戰效應，激發最大作戰潛能，實現作戰效益最大化，達成最佳作戰效果。這種分散式作戰已經從「地理空間的分散」上升為「全局全維的動態耦合」：不再局限於人員裝備在物理空間的分散，而是拓展到網絡、電磁、認知等多維戰場；依託數據鏈、人工智能和分佈式指揮系統實現跨域協同，既極大提升了戰場生存力，又倍增了打擊效能。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/szb_223187/szbxq/index.html?paperName=jfjb&paperDate=2025-08-01&paperNumber=07&articleid=960384888

#中國軍事耗散戰, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭

Chinese Military Dissipative Warfare : Analysis of New Changes in Intelligent Warfare Winning Methods

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中國軍事耗散戰：智慧化戰爭制勝手段新變遷分析

現代英語：

●From war of attrition to war of dissipation——

An analysis of new changes in the way of winning intelligent warfare

President Xi pointed out that the core of studying combat issues is to clarify the characteristics, laws and winning mechanisms of modern warfare. From the collision of a bronze sword to the roar of a tank’s engine to the saturation attack of no one “the swarm”, every leap in the shape of war profoundly changes the way it is won. In the long era of cold, hot and mechanized warfare, attrition warfare depletes the opponent’s will to resist by offsetting the hedging of the country’s wealth and resources. However, the new military revolution, spearheaded by the information technology revolution and accelerating towards the intelligent era, is pushing the method of winning war to a whole new dimension —— dissipative warfare, that is, the traditional method of focusing on material and energy consumption is transformed into a comprehensive war method that integrates material versus consumption, energy hedging and information confrontation.

War of attrition is the iron law of traditional forms of warfare

In the industrial age and the long years before it, warfare was based mainly on the confrontation of material and energy elements, and the balance of victory and defeat tended to tilt towards the side that could withstand greater material and energy depletion.

War of attrition is the main winning method for traditional forms of warfare. In cold weapons warfare, the focus of confrontation lies in the number of soldiers, physical endurance, and the competition between metal weapons and grain reserves. The outcome of the war often depends on whose number and scale of soldiers are large and whose logistics chain is stronger. For example, “The essence of siege warfare that was relatively common in ancient times was a war of attrition between the defenders’ material reserves and the siege’s troops and equipment; in a war of hot weapons, the use of gunpowder did not weaken the war consumption, but pushed it to a new height”. The intensive charging of line infantry in the Napoleonic Wars, the brutal strangulation in the trench confrontations at Verdun and the Battle of the Somme in the First World War all reflect the nature of war of attrition “exchanging steel and flesh for space”; mechanized warfare, tanks, aircraft, aircraft carriers and other platforms have appeared, pushing the scale of material and energy consumption to its peak. In World War II, the Battle of the Kursk Tanks on the Soviet-German battlefield and the brutal Battle of Iwo Jima on the Pacific battlefield were the ultimate collision between the country’s industrial capacity and the army’s ability to bear casualties.

The essence of the war of attrition is based on the competition between material and energy elements. The war of attrition competes with volume and stock, which are static or slowly accumulating factors such as population base, resource reserves, industrial production capacity, and force size. The main goal is to destroy the enemy’s effective forces, war materials, and deprive it of its territory and resources. In essence, it is a competition between material and energy elements of both sides. Clausewitz’s “war is a violent act that forces the enemy to obey our will” assertion, the underlying logic is precisely the consumption of violence. The winning mechanism of the war of attrition is: victory belongs to the party that can convert material resources into battlefield lethality more sustainably and can withstand greater losses.

The war of attrition has revealed significant historical limitations in practice. From the long-standing practice of traditional warfare, the fundamental limitations of attrition warfare are reflected in the huge loss of life and material wealth, the unbearable high cost to society, and the large amounts of energy and resources being wasted on non-critical targets or blind shelling, large-scale but inefficient charges and other ineffective confrontations. When the opposing sides are close in strength and determined, the winner is indistinguishable, seesawing repeatedly, and can easily fall into a quagmire of long-term attrition like the battlefields of the Western Front in World War I. In the face of an increasingly networked and information-based modern combat system, relying on a consumption pattern of large-scale fire coverage, it is difficult to accurately attack the opponent’s key nodes and functional connections, achieving twice the result with half the effort.

The information technology revolution gave rise to the prototype of dissipative warfare

The information technology revolution in the second half of the 20th century injected subversive variables into the form of war. Information began to transcend matter and energy and became the core winning factor. The form of information-based war entered the stage of history.

The centre of gravity of the information war shifted. The Gulf War is regarded as a milestone in information warfare, and the Multinational Force has achieved battlefield “one-way transparency” with the help of reconnaissance aircraft, early warning aircraft, electronic warfare systems, precision-guided weapons and C4ISR systems to form an overwhelming information advantage. Instead of completely annihilating the opponent’s massive ground forces, the focus of this war shifted to the systematic destruction of its command and control systems, air defense systems, communication hubs, and logistics supply lines, resulting in the rapid disintegration of the opponent’s overall combat capabilities and a state of disorganization and command failure. This marked the beginning of the shift in the center of gravity of the war from “hard destruction” in the physical domain, to “system breaking” and functional paralysis in the information domain.

Changes in how information warfare is won. Information warfare changes the ways and objectives of the use of matter and energy through information superiority. The way to win is no longer to simply pursue “consume” the opponent’s materials and energy, but to guide the material flow and energy flow through efficient information flow, accurately acting on the “key chain” of the enemy’s combat system, and with minimal material and energy investment, Achieve the greatest degree of chaos and disorder, functional disintegration and overall effectiveness collapse of the enemy system. Thus, it can be seen that information warfare begins to pursue the “entropy increase” of the enemy’s combat system, that is, the increase of chaos, which moves it from order to disorder, indicating that dissipative warfare reflecting the confrontation of complex systems of intelligent warfare has begun to take shape.

Dissipation warfare is a typical way of intelligent warfare

With the rapid development of intelligent technology and its widespread military application, intelligent warfare is becoming a new form of warfare after information warfare, while dissipative warfare has become a typical way of intelligent warfare.

Dissipation warfare has adapted to the requirements of the times of the world security situation. Entering the era of intelligence, intelligent technologies and their applications such as wide networks, big data, cloud computing, brain-computer connections, smart chips, and deep learning are developing rapidly, and the connections between countries and ethnic groups are becoming more extensive. Non-traditional security threats are emerging and Intertwined with traditional security threats, the main body and scope of intelligent warfare continue to expand, war time and space continue to extend, and the war system moves from relatively closed to more open Forming higher-level and larger-scale confrontations, dissipative warfare, the winning method of warfare in the intelligent era, has become increasingly prominent.

Dissipation warfare reflects the historical development of the way in which war was won. Dissipative warfare actually always exists, but before the emergence of intelligent warfare forms, due to technological constraints, it was always in a relatively low-level form and simple state. War confrontation can only be highlighted as a confrontation between certain elements of matter, energy and information. Cold weapon warfare is mainly manifested as human body-centered confrontation led by material elements, hot weapon and mechanized warfare is mainly manifested as platform-centered confrontation led by energy elements, and information warfare is mainly manifested as information element-led confrontation. Network information system-centered confrontation. Entering the intelligent era, intelligent technology highly unifies the cognitive advantages, decision-making advantages and action advantages in the confrontation between ourselves and the enemy. In essence, it highly unifies matter, energy and information. Through intelligent empowerment, intelligent energy gathering, Intelligent energy is driven by intelligence and released by intelligence, forming an intelligent war form dominated by intelligent elements and centered on intelligent algorithms Its typical method is dissipative warfare that reflects the confrontation of complex systems of intelligent warfare.

Dissipative warfare exemplifies the resilience competition of the complex systems of warfare. From the perspective of the “winning mechanism”, in order to obtain a confrontation advantage, we must use “negative entropy perfusion, threshold determination, phase change triggering, victory control” as the basic principle to build our own fast “perception, decision-making, action, evaluation” dissipative warfare closed loop, in the dynamic hybrid game Continuously increase the enemy’s entropy value, causing the enemy to lose its overall combat capability. From the perspective of “winning path”, dissipation warfare emphasizes the comprehensive use of material consumption, energy hedging, information confrontation and other forms, internally “sequence”, to achieve logical concentration, instant enrichment, complementary advantages, integration and excellence, and form comprehensive combat capabilities; externally “To entropy”, it continues to play a role through military, political, economic, scientific and technological, cultural, diplomatic and other component systems, until the accumulation of efficiency reaches a certain level “up and down” Achieve sudden change in combat power and emergence of system effectiveness. From the perspective of basic characteristics, dissipative warfare manifests itself as a comprehensive game of confrontation, diverse subjects across domains, complex and diverse forms, rich integration of forces, and cumulative emergence of performance. The core of confrontation jumps from the destruction of the physical domain and the control of the information domain to the control of intelligence. A game of destruction and maintenance of the inherent “orderliness” of a complex system of warfare.

Dissipation warfare encompasses many forms of intelligent warfare. In addition to the war and confrontation between the two sides in traditional land, sea, air, space, Internet, electricity and other spaces, dissipative warfare also includes the political isolation and siege adopted by one country or multiple countries against combat opponents in various social areas, economic, trade and financial blockade, technology industry chain interruption, cultural strategy export, authoritative media building momentum to seize discourse initiative, creating hot events to guide public awareness, AI helps social media weave information cocoons and use agents to open multilateral battlefields and other forms of struggle. The diverse presentation forms of dissipative warfare make it possible to conduct it in wartime and peacetime. What “Sun Tzu’s Art of War” talks about “the victorious soldier wins first and then seeks war” has been given a new meaning in war preparation in the intelligent era.

The change in winning methods from attrition to dissipation

Dissipative warfare is manifested in the comprehensive confrontation of multiple domains such as physical domain and information domain in the intelligent era. It reflects the high degree of unity in the form of political competition, economic competition, military attack and defense, cultural conflict and diplomatic checks and balances, and reflects the characteristics of intelligent warfare systems. Openness, complexity and emergence.

The evolution from war of attrition to war of dissipation is an all-round and deep-seated transformation. The basis for winning has shifted from relying on the competition of resource stocks such as population, mineral deposits, and industrial base to relying on information advantages, intelligent algorithm advantages, network structure advantages, and the ability to dynamically regulate energy flow and information flow; the target of action has shifted from focusing on destroying soldiers, tanks, Factories and other material entities have shifted to focus on the “function” and “orderliness” of disintegrating the war system; the pursuit of effectiveness has shifted from the absolute destruction and annihilation of living forces Shift to the pursuit of high-efficiency “asymmetric paralysis”, that is, to trigger the greatest chaos and incapacitation of the enemy’s combat system at one’s own minimum cost, and pursue “paralysis” rather than “messing”; the focus of the war has shifted from the main focus on land, sea, The confrontation in physical domains such as the sky has shifted to a comprehensive game in multiple domains such as the physical domain and the information domain. Confrontations of physical domains, though still present, are often dictated by the advantages of higher-dimensional domains.

The evolution from attrition to dissipation warfare reflects the changing advantage of winning. In the era of intelligent warfare, victory will no longer simply belong to the party with the largest torrent of steel, but will inevitably belong to the party that can “order” and “entropy” more efficiently ——that is, it can maintain the highly orderly and efficient operation of its own war system, while accurately and intelligently disintegrating the orderliness of the enemy’s system The party that forces it into irreversibility “entropy increase” and chaos. To win the advantage of winning a war, we must adapt to the openness, complexity and emergence requirements of an intelligent war system, transform from the extensive consumption and use of a single substance, energy and information to the dissipation of a war system dominated by intelligent advantages, and strive to win the initiative and advantage in a comprehensive game in multiple fields.

The evolution from a war of attrition to a war of dissipation is an inevitable trend under the influence of the torrent of the technological revolution. Science and technology are the core combat force and the most active and revolutionary factor in military development. At present, intelligent technology is developing rapidly. Only by actively embracing the wave of intelligence and firmly grasping the key to victory in the precise knowledge, intelligent regulation and efficient dissipation of the orderliness of complex war systems can we achieve the future world game. We are invincible in the ever-changing situation and profound changes in the way of war.

現代國語：

●從消耗戰到耗散戰——

試析智慧化戰爭制勝方式新變革

■王榮輝

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習主席指出，研究作戰問題，核心是要把現代戰爭的特徵法則和致勝機理搞清楚。從青銅劍的碰撞到戰車引擎的轟鳴再到無人「蜂群」的飽和攻擊，戰爭形態的每一次躍遷都深刻改變著戰爭制勝方式。在漫長的冷兵器、熱兵器和機械化戰爭時代，消耗戰以國家財富資源的對沖抵消來耗盡對手的抵抗意志。然而，以資訊科技革命為先導，並加速向智慧化時代邁進的新軍事革命，正將戰爭制勝方式推向全新的維度——耗散戰，即將傳統的以物質、能量消耗為主，轉變為集物質對耗、能量對沖和信息對抗綜合一體的戰爭方式。

消耗戰是傳統戰爭型態的鐵律

在工業時代及其之前的漫長歲月裡，戰爭主要是基於物質與能量要素的對抗，勝負的天平往往向能夠承受更大物質與能量損耗的一方傾斜。

消耗戰是傳統戰爭形態的主要勝利方式。冷兵器戰爭，對抗重心在於兵員數量、體能耐力、金屬兵器與糧秣儲備的比拼，戰爭勝負往往取決於誰的兵員數量規模大，誰的後勤鏈條更牢固。如古代比較多見的圍城戰本質就是守城方物資儲備與攻城方兵力器械的消耗戰；熱兵器戰爭，火藥的運用並未削弱戰爭消耗，反而將其推至新高度。拿破崙戰爭線列步兵的密集衝鋒，第一次世界大戰的凡爾登、索姆河戰役戰壕對峙的殘酷絞殺，無不體現著「以鋼鐵和血肉換取空間」的消耗戰本質；機械化戰爭，坦克、飛機、航母等平台的登場，將物質與能量的消耗規模推向巔峰。第二次世界大戰中，蘇德戰場的庫爾斯克坦克大會戰、太平洋戰場慘烈的硫磺島爭奪戰，都是國家工業產能與軍隊承受傷亡能力的終極對撞。

消耗戰實質是基於物質與能量要素的比拼。消耗戰比拼的是體量和存量，是人口基數、資源儲備、工業產能、兵力規模等靜態或可緩慢累積的要素，主要目標是摧毀敵方有生力量、戰爭物資、剝奪其領土和資源，實質上是對抗雙方物質與能量要素的比拼。克勞塞維茨「戰爭是一種迫使敵人服從我們意志的一種暴力行為」的論斷，底層邏輯正是暴力消耗。消耗戰的致勝機制是：勝利屬於能更持久地將物質資源轉化為戰場殺傷力，並能承受更大損失的一方。

消耗戰在實踐中暴露出重大歷史限制。從傳統戰爭的長期實踐來看，消耗戰的根本限制體現為巨大的生命、物質財富損失，社會難以承受的高昂成本，以及大量能量與資源被浪費在非關鍵目標或盲目砲擊、大規模但低效的衝鋒等無效對抗上。當對抗雙方實力接近且意志堅定時，勝負難分，反覆拉鋸，極易陷入如第一次世界大戰西線戰場般的長期消耗泥潭。面對日益網路化、資訊化的現代作戰體系，依賴大規模火力覆蓋的消耗模式，難以精準打擊對手關鍵節點與功能連接，效果事倍功半。

資訊科技革命催生耗散戰雛形

20世紀下半葉的資訊科技革命，為戰爭形態注入了顛覆性變量，訊息開始超越物質與能量，成為核心製勝要素，資訊化戰爭形態登上歷史舞台。

資訊化戰爭的重心發生轉移。海灣戰爭被視為資訊化戰爭的里程碑，多國部隊憑藉偵察機、預警機、電子戰系統、精確制導武器和C4ISR系統，形成壓倒性資訊優勢，實現了戰場「單向透明」。這場戰爭的重點不再是徹底殲滅對手龐大的地面部隊，而是轉向系統性地摧毀其指揮控制系統、防空體系、通訊樞紐和後勤補給線，導致對手整體作戰能力迅速瓦解，陷入各自為戰、指揮失靈的混亂狀態。這標誌著戰爭重心開始從物理域的“硬摧毀”，向資訊域的“系統破擊”和功能癱瘓轉移。

資訊化戰爭的勝利方式改變。資訊化戰爭透過資訊優勢改變物質、能量運用的方式與目標。制勝方式不再是單純追求“消耗”對手的物質與能量，而是透過高效的信息流引導物質流與能量流，精確作用於敵作戰體系的“關鍵鏈”，以最小的物質與能量投入，達成敵方體系最大程度的混亂失序、功能瓦解和整體效能塌縮。由此可見，資訊化戰爭開始追求敵方作戰體系的「熵增」即混亂度增加，使其從有序走向無序，顯示反映智慧化戰爭複雜體系對抗的耗散戰已經初露端倪。

耗散戰是智慧化戰爭的典型方式

隨著智慧化技術快速發展及其在軍事上的廣泛應用，智慧化戰爭正成為資訊化戰爭後的新戰爭形態，而耗散戰則成為智慧化戰爭的典型方式。

耗散戰適應了世界安全情勢的時代要求。進入智慧化時代，寬網路、大數據、雲端運算、腦機連接、智慧晶片、深度學習等智慧科技及其應用快速發展，各國家、民族之間的連結更為廣泛，非傳統安全威脅興起並與傳統安全威脅交織，智慧化戰爭主體和範疇不斷拓展，戰爭時間與空間不斷外延，戰爭體系從相對封閉層次走向更大空間

耗散戰反映了戰爭制勝方式的歷史發展。耗散戰其實始終存在，只不過在智慧化戰爭形態出現之前，由於技術的製約，一直處於較為低級的形式和簡單狀態，戰爭對抗只能突出體現為物質、能量和資訊某一種要素間的對抗。冷兵器戰爭主要表現為以物質要素為主導的以人體為中心的對抗，熱兵器和機械化戰爭主要表現為以能量要素為主導的以平台為中心的對抗，資訊化戰爭主要表現為以資訊要素為主導的以網路資訊體系為中心的對抗。進入智慧時代，智慧化科技將敵我對抗中的認知優勢、決策優勢和行動優勢高度統一起來，實質是將物質、能量和資訊三者高度統一，透過以智賦能、以智聚能、以智驅能、以智釋能，形成了以智能要素為主導的、以智能要素為中心的智能化戰爭形態，其典型方式為反映智能化戰爭體系即為反映智能化戰爭體系的複雜方式。

耗散戰體現了戰爭複雜體系的韌性比拼。從制勝機理來看，要取得對抗優勢，必須以「負熵灌注、閾值認定、相變觸發、勝勢控制」為基本原理，建構自身快速「感知、決策、行動、評估」耗散戰閉環，在動態混合賽局中持續增加敵方熵值，致敵喪失整體作戰能力。從制勝路徑看，耗散戰強調綜合運用物質對耗、能量對沖、信息對抗等形式，對內“制序”，達成邏輯集中、即時富聚，優勢互補、一體聚優，形成綜合戰力；對外“致熵”，透過軍事、政治、經濟、科技、文化、外交等組分系統發揮作用，至效能累積達到某程度突變體現在達到某程度一體不正常」。從基本特徵來看，耗散戰表現為對抗綜合博弈、主體跨域多元、形式複雜多樣、力量一體富聚、效能累積湧現，對抗的核心從物理域的摧毀、資訊域的掌控，躍升為對智能化戰爭複雜體系內在「有序性」的破壞與維持的博弈。

耗散戰涵蓋了智慧化戰爭的多種形式。除了戰爭對抗雙方在傳統的陸、海、空、天、網、電等空間的消耗對抗，耗散戰更包括了一國或者多國對作戰對手在多類社會域所採取的政治孤立圍困、經貿金融封鎖、科技產業鎖鏈、文化戰略輸出、權威媒體造勢搶繭主動、製造熱點事件導控大眾認知、科技產業助力、社交戰略輸出、權威媒體造勢搶地論者主動、製造熱點等運動導控大眾認知、AI企業、文化戰略輸出、權威媒體造勢搶地論者主動、製造熱點等運動導控大眾認知、AI企業、文化戰略輸出、權威媒體造勢搶地論者主動、製造熱點等方體控制大眾認知、AI企業、社會化資訊。耗散戰的多樣化呈現形式使其在戰時和平時均可進行，《孫子兵法》講的“勝兵先勝而後求戰”，在智能化時代的戰爭準備中被賦予新的涵義。

從消耗戰到耗散戰的致勝方式變化

耗散戰表現在智慧時代中物理域、資訊域等多域的綜合對抗，體現出政治較量、經濟比拼、軍事攻防、文化衝突和外交制衡等形式的高度統一，反映了智慧化戰爭體系所具有的開放性、複雜性和湧現性。

從消耗戰到耗散戰的演進是全方位深層的變革。制勝基礎從依賴人口、礦藏、工業基礎等資源存量的比拼，轉向依賴資訊優勢、智慧演算法優勢、網路結構優勢以及對能量流、資訊流的動態調控能力；作用對象從聚焦摧毀士兵、戰車、工廠等物質實體，轉向聚焦瓦解戰爭體系的「功能」與「有序性」；效能追求從對有生力量的絕對摧毀與殲滅，轉向追求高效的“非對稱癱瘓”，即以己方最小代價，引發敵方作戰體系的最大混亂與失能，追求“打癱”而非“打爛”；戰爭重心從主要在陸地、海洋、天空等物理域的對抗，轉向物理域、信息域等多域的綜合博弈。物理域的對抗雖然依舊存在，但往往由更高維域的優勢決定。

從消耗戰到耗散戰的演進反映了致勝優勢的變化。智慧化戰爭時代，勝利將不再簡單歸屬於擁有最龐大鋼鐵洪流的一方，而必然歸屬於能更有效率地「制序」與「致熵」的一方──即能夠維繫己方戰爭體系高度有序、高效運轉，同時精準智能地瓦解敵方體係有序性，迫使其陷入不可逆「熵增」且混亂的一方。要贏得戰爭制勝優勢，必須適應智慧化戰爭體系的開放性、複雜性和湧現性要求，從單一物質、能量和資訊的粗放式消耗和運用轉變到以智慧優勢主導戰爭體系的耗散，力爭在多領域的綜合博弈中贏得主動和優勢。

從消耗戰向耗散戰的演進是科技革命洪流裹挾下的必然趨勢。科技是核心戰鬥力，是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。目前，智慧化科技快速發展，只有主動擁抱智慧化浪潮，將制勝之鑰牢牢掌握在對戰爭複雜體係有序性的精確認知、智慧調控與高效耗散之中，才能在未來世界博弈的風雲變幻與戰爭方式的深刻變革中立於不敗之地。

来源：解放军报 作者：王荣辉 责任编辑：王韵 2025-09-10 06:30

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/16408721.html