Category Archives: Cognitive Confrontation

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #新興戰爭技術, #智慧化戰爭, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Cognitive Confrontation, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Satellite Navigation for the Chinese Military’s Intelligent Battlefield

Leave a comment

中國軍隊智慧戰場的衛星導航

現代英語：

The satellite navigation system, also known as the global satellite navigation system, is an air-based radio navigation and positioning system that can provide users with all-weather three-dimensional coordinates, speed and time information at any location on the earth’s surface or in near-Earth space.

The satellite navigation system is an important space infrastructure for mankind. It is an indispensable tool for a country’s national security and economic and social development. It has a profound impact on the form of war, combat style, and people’s production and lifestyle.

At present, there are four major global satellite navigation systems in the world, namely, the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS, Europe’s Galileo and China’s Beidou. Global competition in satellite navigation technology is becoming increasingly fierce.

Standing at a new starting point of profound changes in the world’s military, and looking at the future battlefield with a high degree of integration of informatization and intelligence, intelligent navigation systems will come into being and play an important role.

Satellite navigation becomes a “standard” element of the intelligent battlefield

The future intelligent battlefield will present the characteristics of high-tech warfare, which will comprehensively use intelligent weapons and means under information conditions, realize efficient command and control, and implement precise and flexible strikes. Satellite navigation technology can provide high-precision, all-weather, large-scale and multi-purpose positioning, navigation and timing services for various objects on land, sea, air and space.

Provide a unified time and space benchmark for systematic operations. For the intelligent battlefield, there are many linked elements and the situation changes rapidly, which requires accurate positioning of combat units to achieve intelligence reconnaissance, command and control, battlefield maneuvers, offensive and defensive operations, and support and guarantee under a unified time and space benchmark, ensuring that all elements of the entire battlefield form a coordinated organic whole.

The basic function of satellite navigation is to provide accurate time and space references for various combat elements. Without an accurate and unified time and space reference, the precise command of joint operations may be out of balance, combat operations may be out of control, and intelligence fusion and target identification cannot be achieved. If the time error is one hundredth of a second, a target locked by more than a dozen radars will become more than a dozen targets, and accurate defense and counterattack will not be possible.

Under a unified standard time and geographic coordinate system, satellite navigation provides precision guidance for various weapon platforms, fine frequency calibration for electronic warfare weapons, and all-weather positioning and navigation for individual combatants, significantly improving the coordination and strike effectiveness of joint firepower strikes.

Provide synchronous situation cognition for combat command and control. Accurately grasping the battlefield situation is the premise and basis for commanders to flexibly and accurately implement command and control. The satellite navigation system provides strong support for battlefield situation awareness.

Since the 1990s, the U.S. military has developed a “Blue Force Tracking” system based on GPS and satellite communications to build a precise command and control system. The “Blue Force Tracking” system has effectively supported the U.S. military in forming a networked information advantage on the ground battlefield and effectively solved the problem of “where are we, our friends, and our enemies?”

Relying on the two major services of navigation positioning and position reporting of the global satellite network, the military has realized battlefield situation monitoring and sharing, which has become an important means for the military to “know itself”. At the same time, it has optimized the combat operation process, realized the issuance of combat orders at the minute level, and accelerated the development of the military’s command and control mode towards “integration” and “flattening”.

Providing a tool to enhance the precision strike of weapons and ammunition. In the intelligent battlefield, precision-guided weapons have become the “trump card” that determines victory or defeat. Using the satellite navigation system, the flight process of the missile can be corrected throughout to ensure the accuracy of the hit. It can be said that the satellite navigation system is a tool to enhance the precision strike of weapon platforms.

In recent local wars, the proportion of GPS precision-guided weapons of the US military has continued to rise: 7.6% in the Gulf War in 1991, 35% in the Kosovo War in 1999, 60% in the Afghanistan War in 2001, 68.3% in the Iraq War in 2003, and 100% in the Syrian War in 2018.

Intelligent battlefield requires satellite navigation to have new “responsibilities”

As the core and cornerstone of the precise and unified space-time system, the modern satellite navigation system must take on new responsibilities in response to the development needs of future intelligent battlefields.

In the era of intelligence, new combat elements represented by “AI, cloud, network, group, and terminal” will reconstruct the battlefield ecology and completely change the winning mechanism of war. Satellite navigation services need to adapt to the characteristics of the intelligent battlefield with wider dimensions, higher precision, and stronger system.

Navigation positioning and timing have a wider range and higher accuracy. The current satellite navigation system has achieved coverage of the earth’s surface. However, on the intelligent battlefield, it needs to extend to deep space and under the sea. The combat time domain and air domain are wider, requiring the construction of a comprehensive service system covering land, sea, air and space, with unified standards, high efficiency and intelligence, to form time and space information coverage at all times and everywhere, and to achieve more powerful, safer and more reliable time and space service capabilities.

For example, in the intelligent battlefield, unmanned combat has become the basic form. Autonomous driving of unmanned vehicles, precision approach of drones, and measurement of intelligent missile positions all urgently need to be improved by an order of magnitude on the basis of existing navigation accuracy to ensure higher navigation integrity, faster first positioning time, and stronger cross-domain capabilities of land, sea, air, and space.

The military navigation confrontation system is more complete and more powerful. The means of navigation confrontation in the information age is a simple confrontation form based on signal energy enhancement and interference attack. Navigation in the intelligent era is intertwined with detection, perception, communication, command, and decision-making. It requires a navigation capability level with higher power and faster effectiveness in any region of the world, the ability to intelligently adjust navigation signals, and the development of multiple navigation means such as quantum navigation, pulsar navigation, and deep-sea navigation. It is necessary to integrate navigation methods with different principles, methods, and carriers to achieve navigation confrontation capabilities at the system level and system level.

The bandwidth of navigation information interaction is larger and the access is wider. In the intelligent era, the role of cyberspace in the combat system is gradually increasing, and it is integrated with the navigation space-time system. The navigation information and cyberspace system that provide space-time position will connect the scattered combat forces and combat elements into a whole, forming a networked and systematic combat capability. This requires support for ubiquitous perception, left-right collaboration, and reliable and reconfigurable navigation capabilities, support for highly reliable, highly anti-interference, and readily accessible signaling channels, and timely acquisition of required navigation auxiliary information such as geography, maps, and images. On this basis, the real integration of communication and navigation is realized, achieving the effect of “one domain combat, multi-domain support”.

Adapting to the needs of military intelligence development and promoting the construction of intelligent navigation system

Judging from the development trend of the world’s military powers, facing the future intelligent battlefield, intelligent navigation systems are gradually building a space-time reference network and navigation information service network that integrates the earth and the sky, with space-based, systematized, on-demand and cloud-based as the main characteristics, forming a comprehensive navigation, positioning and timing system with unified reference, seamless coverage, security and reliability, high efficiency and convenience, and strong practicality.

The core of the transformation from a basic navigation system to an intelligent navigation system is to upgrade from “positioning navigation service” to “intelligent navigation service”, and the focus is on achieving the following four aspects of transformation:

The space-time benchmark is shifting from relying on ground systems to autonomous space-time benchmark maintenance. The space-time benchmark maintenance equipment of the ground system will gradually be transferred to the satellite, and the satellite will be equipped with higher-precision optical clocks and astronomical measurement equipment to form a more stable and reliable space-based space benchmark through high-precision anchoring and laser intersatellite measurement. The use of intelligent navigation systems can make ordinary navigation positioning accuracy reach sub-meter level, the timing accuracy will be increased by about 5 times, and the precision positioning service can achieve fast convergence of centimeter-level accuracy. Intelligent navigation can fully support the cross-domain integration of combat platforms, the doubling of the effectiveness of distributed lethal weapons, and the precise navigation of the entire process of air-space integrated drones from cruising to precision approach.

The satellite power confrontation mode is transformed into a navigation system confrontation. In terms of navigation confrontation services, the traditional satellite power confrontation mode will no longer meet the needs of the intelligent battlefield. Navigation system confrontation is the only way for the development of intelligent equipment in order to enhance the ability of troops to quickly adapt to the battlefield environment. Specifically, it includes precise release of navigation performance, heterogeneous backup of constellations, and global hotspot mobility. The main features are intelligent navigation signals and flexible theater reinforcements. Based on controllable point beam energy enhancement technology, energy delivery in hotspot areas, enhanced area expansion, deception or blocking interference, and digital transmission service guarantee are realized. In a high-interference and blocking environment, ensure service continuity and accuracy, and gradually release strength as the war progresses.

The simple integration of communication and navigation will be transformed into integrated on-demand services. It will provide deeper and broader navigation information services, deeply integrate into the military information network, and provide high, medium and low-speed classified and hierarchical navigation information services to users on land, sea, air and space. Reuse the favorable conditions of global multiple continuous coverage of navigation satellites to meet users’ communication and navigation needs in a global range and in any posture, and realize high reliability and strong interference-resistant search and rescue, position reporting, and signaling transmission. The navigation satellite space-based network interacts with the ground network information to build inter-satellite and satellite-to-ground high-speed backbone networks. Through miniaturized laser terminals and enhanced space routers, a stable and reliable space network is formed, equipped with a complete and standardized protocol system to support the autonomous and intelligent operation of hybrid constellation networks.

The computing resources of payload modules are separated and transformed into cloud computing resources of constellation. It will provide more intelligent space-based cloud computing services and reliable space-based intelligent support for intelligent weapon platforms. The main features are virtualization of onboard hardware resources and balancing of task loads. Through the configuration of public onboard computing modules, large-capacity storage units, and high-speed bus networks on navigation satellites, a ubiquitous space network shared resource pool is formed. The powerful data processing capability can support the autonomous establishment and maintenance of space-based space-time benchmarks, intelligent maintenance of navigation signal quality, and autonomous management of space networks. At the same time, it can provide computing, push, and storage services for complex information such as spatial position for various high-end users in the sky, air, land, and sea.

(The author is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering)

Above: Schematic diagram of satellite navigation system supporting operations.

現代國語：谭述森

中國軍網 國防部網

2021年11月12日 星期五

衛星導航系統，即全球衛星導航系統，是能在地球表面或近地空間任何地點，為使用者提供全天候三維座標和速度以及時間資訊的空基無線電導航定位系統。

衛星導航系統是人類重要的太空基礎設施，堪稱一個國家安全和經濟社會發展不可或缺的重器，對戰爭形態、作戰樣式和人們生產生活方式有深遠影響。

目前，全球有四大全球衛星導航系統，分別是美國的GPS、俄羅斯的格洛納斯、歐洲的伽利略和中國的北斗，衛星導航技術全球競爭日益激烈。

站在世界軍事深刻變革的新起點，瞭望資訊化智能化高度融合的未來戰場，智慧導航體系將應運而生，並發揮重要作用。

衛星導航成為智慧化戰場的「標配」要素

未來智慧化戰場，將呈現資訊化條件下綜合運用智慧化武器和手段、實現高效指揮控制及實施精確靈巧打擊的高技術作戰特性。衛星導航技術，能高精度、全天候、大範圍、多用途地為陸、海、空、天各種物件提供定位、導航、授時服務。

為體系化作戰提供統一時空基準。對於智慧化戰場來說，連結要素多、情況瞬息萬變，要求對作戰單元進行準確定位，實現統一時空基準下的情報偵察、指揮控制、戰場機動、攻防行動、支援保障，確保整個戰場各類要素形成統籌協調的有機整體。

衛星導航的基本功能是，為各個作戰要素提供精確的時空基準。如果沒有精確統一的時空基準，聯合作戰精準指揮可能失調，作戰行動就可能失控，情報融合、目標辨識就無法實現。時間誤差百分之一秒，十幾部雷達鎖定的一個目標就會變成十幾個目標，精準防禦反擊將無法實現。

在統一標準時間與地理座標系下，衛星導航提供各類武器平台精確導引，給予電子戰武器精細校頻，給予作戰單兵全天候定位導航，顯著提升聯合火力打擊的協同程度、打擊效能。

為作戰指揮控制提供態勢同步認知。準確掌握戰場態勢，是指揮官靈活準確實施指揮控制的前提與基礎。衛星導航系統為戰場態勢感知提供了強大支撐。

美軍從1990年代開始，研發以GPS和衛星通訊為基礎的「藍軍追蹤」系統，用來建構精確化指揮控制系統。 「藍軍追蹤」系統有力支撐著美軍形成地面戰場網路化資訊優勢，有效解決了「我、友、敵在哪裡」的難題。

軍隊依托全球衛星網路的導航定位和位置報告兩大服務，實現了戰場態勢監視共享，成為軍隊「知己」的重要手段。同時，優化了作戰行動流程，實現了作戰指令分秒下達，加速了軍隊指揮控制方式向「一體化」「扁平化」方向發展。

為武器彈藥精確打擊提供增效利器。在智慧化戰場上，精確導引武器已成為關乎勝負的「撒手鐧」。使用衛星導航系統，能對飛彈的飛行過程進行全程修正，確保命中精度。可以說，衛星導航系統是武器平台精準打擊的增效利器。

在近幾場局部戰爭中，美軍GPS精確導引武器比例不斷攀升：1991年海灣戰爭為7.6％，1999年科索沃戰爭為35%，2001年阿富汗戰爭為60％，2003年伊拉克戰爭為68.3％，2018年敘利亞戰爭達100%。

智慧化戰場需要衛星導航有新的“擔當”

現代衛星導航系統作為精確統一時空體系的核心與基石，面向未來智慧化戰場的發展需求，要有新的「擔當」。

智能化時代，以「AI、雲、網、群、端」為代表的全新作戰要素，將重建戰場生態，完全改變戰爭的勝利機制。衛星導航服務，需要適應智慧化戰場維度更廣、精準度更高、系統更強的特性。

導航定位授時範圍更廣精度更高。目前的衛星導航系統，實現了地球表面覆蓋。但在智慧化戰場上，需要向深空、海下延伸。作戰時域空域更廣，要求建構覆蓋陸海空天、基準統一、高效智慧的綜合服務體系，形成無時不有、無所不在的時空資訊覆蓋，實現更強大、更安全、更可靠的時空服務能力。

如智慧化戰場上，無人化作戰成為基本形態。無人車自動駕駛、無人機精密進場、智慧飛彈陣地測量等，都迫切需要在現有導航精度基礎上再提升一個量級，確保導航完好性更高、首次定位時間更快、陸海空天跨域能力更強。

軍事導航對抗體系更全更給力。資訊時代的導航對抗手段，是以訊號能量增強與幹擾攻擊為主的簡單對抗形態。智慧時代的導航與探測、感知、通訊、指揮、決策相互交織影響，需要全球任意區域、功率更高、生效更快的導航能力水平，需要導航訊號智慧調整能力，需要發展量子導航、脈衝星導航、深海導航等多元導航手段，把不同原理、不同方式、不同載體的導航方法融合在一起，實現體系級、系統級的導航對抗能力。

導航資訊互動頻寬更大存取更廣。智慧時代的網路空間，在作戰體系中地位作用逐步上升，並與導航時空體系合為一體。提供時空位置的導航資訊與網路空間系統，將把分散的作戰力量、作戰要素連結為一個整體，形成網路化體系化作戰能力。這就需要支援泛在感知、左右協作、可信賴的導航能力，支援高可靠、強抗干擾、隨遇接取的訊號通道，及時取得所需的地理、地圖和影像等導航輔助資訊。在此基礎上，實現真正意義上的通訊導航一體化，達到「一域作戰、多域支援」效果。

適應軍事智慧化發展需要推動智慧導航體系建設

從世界軍事強國發展趨勢來看，面向未來智慧化戰場，智慧導航系統在逐步建構天地一體化的時空基準網和導航資訊服務網，以天基化、體系化、按需化、雲端化為主要特徵，形成基準統一、覆蓋無縫、安全可信、高效便捷、實戰性強的綜合導航定位授時體系。

從基本導航系統轉變為智慧導航系統，其核心是從“定位導航服務”升級為“智慧導航服務”，並專注於以下4個面向轉變：

時空基準依賴地面系統維持轉變為時空基準天基自主維持。地面系統時空基準維持設備將逐步向星上轉移，衛星將配置更高精度的光鐘、天文測量設備，透過高精度錨固和雷射星間測量，形成更穩定可靠的天基空間基準。智慧導航系統的使用，可使一般導航定位精度達到亞米級，授時精度將提升5倍左右，精密定位服務達到快速收斂的公分精度。智慧導航可完整支撐作戰平台跨域融合、分散式殺傷武器效能倍增、空天一體無人機從巡航到精密進場的全過程精準導航。

衛星功率對抗模式向導航體系化對抗轉變。在導航對抗服務方面，傳統的衛星功率對抗模式將不再滿足智慧化戰場需求，導航體系化對抗是智慧裝備發展的必經之路，以便提升部隊快速適應戰場環境能力。具體包括導航性能精準釋放、星座異構備份、全球熱點機動，主要特徵是導航訊號智能化、戰區增援靈活化。基於可控制點波束能量增強技術，實現熱點區域能量傳遞、增強區域擴展、欺騙或阻塞幹擾、數傳服務保障。在高幹擾阻塞環境下，確保服務連續性和精確度，並隨著戰事進程逐步釋放實力。

通訊導航簡單整合向通導一體按需服務轉變。將提供更深更廣的導航資訊服務，深度融入軍事資訊網絡，向陸、海、空、天用戶的高、中、低速分類分層次導航資訊服務。重複利用導航衛星全球多重連續覆蓋的有利條件，滿足用戶在全球範圍、任意姿態的通導需求，實現高可靠性、抗強幹擾的搜救、位置報告、信令傳輸。導航衛星天基網路與地面網路資訊交互，建構星間、星地高速骨幹網路。透過小型化雷射終端和增強型空間路由器，形成穩定可靠的空間網絡，裝載完備、標準統一的協議體系，支援混合星座網絡自主智慧運作。

載重模組運算資源分離向星座運算資源雲端化轉變。將提供更智慧的天基雲端運算服務，為智慧武器平台提供可信賴的天基智慧支撐。主要特徵是，星載硬體資源虛擬化、任務負載平衡化。透過導航衛星配置公用的星載運算模組、大容量儲存單元、高速匯流排網絡，形成泛在的空間網路共享資源池。強大的資料處理能力，在支撐天基時空基準自主建立與維持、導航訊號品質智慧維持、空間網路自主管理等任務功能的同時，可為天、空、地、海各類高階用戶，提供空間位置等複雜資訊的運算、推播與儲存服務。

（作者係中國工程院院士）

上圖：衛星導航系統支援作戰示意圖。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2021-11/12/content_30291788.htm

#Information Support Force, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 域作战突出属性, 認知戰, 新軍事變革, 認知域戰, 非對稱戰爭, 馬賽克戰

China’s Military Ponders Integration Concept That Will be Adopted During Information Warfare

Leave a comment

中國軍方思考資訊戰中將採用的一體化概念

現代英語：

The basic form of information warfare is system confrontation. Different from any form of warfare in history, information warfare is not a discrete confrontation or local decentralized warfare with the simple superposition of various combat units and elements, but a holistic confrontation between systems. The system integration capability of war determines the effectiveness of combat and the achievement of war objectives; achieving effective integration of various systems is the fundamental way to win information warfare.

Multi-space fusion

The battlefield space is the stage for the war hostile parties to compete. Due to the widespread use of high-tech weapons, the battlefield space of informationized warfare has been greatly expanded, forming a multi-dimensional battlefield space of land, sea, air, space, and information. Under the strong “bonding” of information technology, each battlefield space is integrated around a unified combat purpose. First, the three-dimensional, all-round reconnaissance and surveillance network covers the battlefield. Under the conditions of informatization, the military reconnaissance and surveillance capabilities have been unprecedentedly improved. The large-scale, three-dimensional, multi-means, and automated intelligence reconnaissance and surveillance network connects outer space, high altitude, medium altitude, low altitude, ground (sea), and underground (underwater) into one, thereby obtaining battlefield intelligence information in multiple fields. Second, long-range, high-precision informationized weapons are densely distributed and threaten the battlefield. The extraordinary combat capability of the informationized weapon system to cover and strike targets in the entire battlefield space has realized that discovery means destruction, and promoted the high integration of various battlefield spaces. In addition, the development of space and air power has made strikes more precise, means more flexible, and combat efficiency higher, and the battlefield space has become an integrated battlefield of sea, land, air, and space. This integrated battlefield structure has a high degree of integration of multiple spaces, and multiple spaces and multiple fields restrict each other. Third, the battlefield is restricted by electromagnetic and information competition in all time and space and throughout the entire process. The development of military information technology not only realizes the integration of tangible battlefields on land, sea, air and space through reconnaissance and strikes, but also opens up the competition for invisible battlefields in the electromagnetic and information fields. Electromagnetic and information are the soul of informationized warfare and the link between the battlefields on land, sea, air and space. They exist in the entire time and space of combat, act on all elements of war, run through the entire process of combat, and deeply affect the tangible battlefields on land, sea, air and space.

It can be seen that the informationized battlefield is precisely through the increasingly mature information technology, centering on the purpose of war and combat needs, closely integrating the multi-dimensional space of land, sea, air, space, information, etc., forming an inseparable and interdependent organic unity. Leaving any dimension of the battlefield space, or losing control of any dimension, will directly affect the overall combat effectiveness, thus leading to the failure of the war.

Fusion of multiple forces

War power is the protagonist of the battle between the two opposing sides of a war. The “integrated joint combat force” of system integration is a prominent feature of information warfare. Various participating forces in information warfare are highly integrated. Regardless of their affiliation and combat mission, they will be equal users and resources of the entire combat system and integrated into a unified large system. First, the participating forces are united. Information warfare is a joint operation in which the army, navy, air force, aerospace, special operations, information operations and other forces participate. Each participating force has advantages that other participating forces do not have or cannot replace. They communicate and connect through information technology to achieve “seamless connection” and form a force system that can play to its strengths and avoid its weaknesses and complement each other’s advantages, becoming an organic whole that combines “soft” strike and “hard” destruction capabilities, combat and support capabilities, mobility and assault capabilities, and attack and defense capabilities. Second, the participants are diversified. With the development of information networks, wars in the information age no longer have a distinction between the front and the rear, and the networking of combat systems can also make home a “battlefield”. In the industrial age, wars were “over, go home”; in the information age, wars can also be “go home and fight”. Participants in war are not limited to the military forces of countries and political groups. Non-governmental and group-based people can join the “battlefield” as long as they have high-tech knowledge and are proficient in computer applications. Third, the support force is socialized. With the development of science and technology, the mutual tolerance, intercommunication and compatibility of military and civilian technologies have been greatly enhanced. A large number of combat facilities and platforms will rely more on local basic resources. Not only does the material support in combat need to be socialized, but also the technical support and information support need to be socialized.

It can be seen that the victory or defeat of the informationized battlefield depends on the overall strength of the warring parties. Various combat forces are both interrelated and mutually influential, but any single force is difficult to determine the outcome of the war. Only when multiple forces work closely together and learn from each other’s strengths and weaknesses can the overall combat system benefits be brought into play and victory be ultimately achieved.

Multi-level integration

The war level is the pattern of the war between the two hostile parties. In information warfare, the distinction between strategy, campaign and battle is no longer as clear as in traditional warfare. Instead, there is a mutual integration of you and me, and the distinction between levels has become relatively vague. First, the war path is simplified. With the centralized use of a large number of informationized weapons and equipment and their information systems, the precision strike capability of the troops has been unprecedentedly improved. A small-scale combat operation and a high-efficiency information offensive operation can effectively achieve certain strategic goals. A battle, a campaign or a carefully planned information operation may be a war. The path to achieve the purpose of war is becoming simpler and the convergence of war, campaign and even battle in purpose and time and space is prominent. Second, command and control is real-time. The widespread use of automated command and control systems on the battlefield has greatly enhanced the command and control function. Campaign commanders and even the highest political and military leadership of the country can plan and command and control all participating forces and specific combat operations in a unified manner, and directly intervene in campaigns, battles and even the actions of individual soldiers or combat platforms in near real time. Combat and campaign operations are similar to strategic engagements. Third, the combat process is fast-tracked. Quick victory and quick decision are important features of information warfare. The combat time is showing a trend of shortening. There is no concept of time for all combat operations. More often, the participating forces at all levels are carried out simultaneously in different fields. The beginning and the end are closely linked. The combat operations in various battlefield spaces penetrate each other, are closely linked, and gradually merge into an integrated and coordinated system, which is difficult to distinguish at the level.

It can be seen that information warfare has a strong overall nature. Campaigns, as a bridge for achieving strategic and even war objectives, are gradually integrated into battles. Combat, as the most basic combat activity in war, is also gradually sublimated into strategies and campaigns. All levels are intertwined and serve to achieve the purpose of war. Only by comprehensively exerting the combat capabilities of all levels and achieving overall effects can we seize the initiative in the war.

Fusion of various styles

The combat style is the carrier for the war hostile parties to compete. Informationized warfare is a process of confrontation between multiple forces and multiple fields, and is manifested in multiple combat actions and confrontation styles. Various combat actions are inseparable from the overall combat situation, and various actions are closely linked, mutually conditional, coordinated, and integrated to form an overall combat power. The first is the unity of combat actions. The victory or defeat of informationized warfare is the result of the system confrontation between the two warring parties. Isolated and single combat actions are often difficult to work. This requires multiple military services to adopt a variety of combat styles in different combat spaces and combat fields, while the combat style dominated by a single military service can only “live” in the overall joint action as a sub-combat action, and all combat actions are unified in the system confrontation. The second is the integration of combat actions. Informationized warfare is a form of war that pursues high efficiency. Objectively, it requires that multiple combat styles and actions must be highly “integrated” from the perspective of system effectiveness. Comprehensively use a variety of combat styles and tactics, combine tangible combat actions with intangible combat actions, combine non-linear combat with non-contact combat and asymmetric combat, combine psychological warfare with public opinion warfare and legal warfare, combine regular combat with irregular combat, and combine soft strikes with hard destruction to form an overall advantage. The third is the mutation of combat actions. In information warfare, while integrating various combat resources and exerting overall power, both hostile parties strive to find the “center of gravity” and “joint points” of the other side. Once the enemy’s weak points are found, all combat forces and actions are linked as a whole and autonomously coordinated, and various styles and means of destruction are adopted to cause a sudden change in the enemy’s combat capability and a comprehensive “collapse” of the combat system, so as to achieve combat initiative and advantage.

It can be seen that information warfare is a practical activity in which various forces use a variety of combat styles and means to compete in multiple battlefield spaces and combat fields. Only when multiple combat styles and means cooperate, support and complement each other can a multiplier effect be produced, thereby exerting the maximum combat effectiveness of the entire system.

Multi-method integration

The means of war are methods used to achieve the purpose of war. In addition to powerful military means, information warfare must also use all available ways and means to cooperate with each other, organically integrate, and form a whole to achieve a favorable situation. First, the use of war means is comprehensive. All wars have a distinct political nature and serve certain political purposes. With the influence of factors such as the globalization of the world economy and the multipolarization of international politics, information warfare is more based on military means, and military means are used in combination with various means such as economy, diplomacy, culture, and technology. Second, the use of war means is gradient. With the development of the times, war as a means of maintaining and seeking power and interests has been increasingly restricted by international law and international public opinion. In addition, resorting to war requires a high price. Therefore, in the information age, the use of war means presents a gradual development gradient, usually starting from retaliation, display of force, and violent retaliation (strike) in the sense of international law, and finally developing into local or even large-scale wars. Third, the use of war means is systematic. Information warfare is a contest of the comprehensive national strength of the hostile parties. The victory of the war depends on the comprehensive and systematic use of various war means. In specific combat operations, various means of warfare have different functions and natures, occupying different positions and playing different roles in the war. Only by closely combining various effective means of warfare into an organic whole can we form a combat system that fully utilizes our strengths and avoids our weaknesses, and maximize the overall combat effectiveness.

It can be seen that information warfare is subject to more restrictive factors, simpler war objectives, and newer combat styles. In the process of decision-making and action, only by coordinating and integrating with struggle actions in other fields such as politics, economy, culture, and diplomacy can the overall goal of the war be achieved efficiently.

現代國語：

中國軍網 國防部網

2019年12月10日 星期二

張自廉 馬代武

資訊化戰爭的基本形式是體系對抗。與歷史上任何一種戰爭形態都不同，資訊化戰爭不是各作戰單元、要素簡單疊加的離散式對抗或局部分散式作戰，而是體系對體系的整體對抗。戰爭的體系融合能力，決定作戰效能的發揮和戰爭目的達成；實現各系統的有效融合，是打贏資訊化戰爭的根本途徑。

多空間融合

戰場空間是戰爭敵對雙方較量的舞台。由於高技術兵器的廣泛運用，資訊化戰爭戰場空間大為拓展，形成了陸、海、空、天、資訊等多維戰場空間。各戰場空間在資訊科技的強力「黏合」下，圍繞著統一的作戰目的融為一體。一是立體化、全方位的偵察與監視網覆蓋透視戰場。在資訊化條件下，軍事偵察與監視能力空前提高，大範圍、立體化、多手段、自動化的情報偵察與監視網，將外層空間、高空、中空、低空、地面（海上）、地下（水下）連為一體，進而獲取多領域的戰場情報資訊。二是遠射程、高精準度的資訊化武器密布威脅戰場。資訊化武器系統所具有的覆蓋和打擊戰場全空間目標的超常作戰能力，實現了發現即意味著摧毀，促進了各戰場空間的高度融合。加之太空和空中力量的發展，使打擊更精確，手段更靈活，作戰效益更高，戰場空間成為海陸空天一體化戰場。這種一體化的戰場結構，多空間高度融合，多空間、多領域相互制約。第三是全時空、全過程的電磁和資訊爭奪滲透制約戰場。軍事資訊科技的發展，不僅透過偵察、打擊等手段實現有形的陸海空天戰場一體化，也開闢了電磁和資訊領域無形戰場的爭奪。電磁和訊息是資訊化戰爭之魂，是連結陸海空天戰場的紐帶，存在於作戰的全時空，作用於戰爭的全要素，貫穿作戰的整個過程，深度影響著陸海空天各維有形的戰場。

可見，資訊化戰場正是透過日益成熟的資訊技術，圍繞著戰爭目的和作戰需要，把陸、海、空、天、資訊等多維空間緊密地融合在一起，形成不可分割、唇齒相依的有機統一體。離開了哪一維戰場空間，或是失去哪一維的控制權，都會直接影響全域作戰效能，進而導致戰爭失敗。

多力量融合

戰爭力量是戰爭敵對雙方較量的主角。體系融合的「一體化聯合作戰力量」是資訊化戰爭的突出特徵。資訊化戰爭各種參戰力量高度一體化，無論其隸屬關係如何、作戰任務如何，都將作為整個作戰系統的平等用戶和資源，融合成為一個統一的大系統。一是參戰部隊聯合化。資訊化戰爭是陸、海、空軍以及航太、特種作戰、資訊作戰等部隊參與的聯合作戰。各參戰部隊都具有其他參戰部隊所不具備或無法替代的優勢，它們通過信息技術溝通和聯繫，實現“無縫鏈接”，形成可以揚長避短、優勢互補的力量體系，成為具備“軟”打擊與“硬”摧毀能力、作戰與保障能力、機動與突擊能力、攻擊與防護能力相結合的有機整體。二是參加人員多元化。隨著資訊網路的發展，資訊時代的戰爭，不再有前方後方之分，作戰系統的網路化使家中也可能成為「戰場」。工業時代的戰爭，「結束了，回家去」；資訊時代的戰爭，也可以「回家，打仗去」。戰爭的參與者不僅只局限於國家和政治集團的軍事力量，非政府和團體性質的民眾，只要具有高技術知識就能投身“戰場”，只要熟練計算機應用都可能成為參與戰鬥的一員。三是保障力量社會化。科學技術的發展，軍用、民用技術的互容、互通和相容性大大增強，大量作戰設施和平台將更加依靠地方基礎資源，不僅作戰中的物資保障需要社會化，而且技術保障與資訊支援也需要社會化。

可見，資訊化戰場的勝負取決於交戰雙方整體力量的強弱，多種作戰力量既相互關聯，又相互影響，但其中任何單一的力量都難以決定戰爭的勝負。只有多種力量密切配合、取長補短，才能發揮整體作戰的系統效益，最終贏得勝利。

多層級融合

戰爭層級是戰爭敵對雙方較量的格局。在資訊化戰爭中，戰略、戰役、戰鬥之間已不再像傳統戰爭那樣涇渭分明，更多的是，你中有我，我中有你，層級區分變得相對模糊。一是戰爭途徑簡約化。大量資訊化武器裝備及其資訊系統的集中運用，部隊的精確打擊能力空前提高，一次小規模的作戰行動和高效益的資訊進攻行動，就能有效達成一定的戰略目的。一場戰鬥、一場戰役或一次周密計畫的資訊行動可能就是一場戰爭。達成戰爭目的的途徑不斷走向簡約，戰爭與戰役甚至戰鬥在目的和時空上的趨同性突出。二是指揮控制即時化。自動化指揮控制系統在戰場上的廣泛運用，指揮控制功能大大增強，戰役指揮員甚至國家最高政治、軍事領導層能夠對所有參戰力量和具體的作戰行動進行統一籌劃和指揮控制，近乎實時地直接幹預戰役、戰鬥甚至單兵或作戰平台的行動，戰鬥和戰役行動趨同於戰略交戰。三是作戰進程速決化。速戰速決是信息化戰爭的一個重要特徵，作戰時間呈現出縮短的趨勢，所有作戰行動已無時間上的概念，更多的是各層次的參戰力量在不同領域同時進行，開始與結束緊密相連，各戰場空間的作戰行動互相滲透、緊密聯繫、逐漸融合成一個整體聯動的綜合體系，難以作層級上的區分。

可見，資訊化戰爭整體性強，戰役作為戰鬥達成戰略乃至戰爭目的的橋樑，逐漸融合在戰鬥中；戰鬥作為戰爭中最基本的作戰活動，也逐漸昇華到戰略、戰役裡面，各層次之間，相互交融，共同為達成戰爭目的服務。只有綜合發揮各層級的作戰能力，達到整體效應，才能奪取戰爭的主動權。

多樣式融合

作戰樣式是戰爭敵對雙方較量的承載。資訊化戰爭是多力量、多領域實施對抗的過程，並表現為多種作戰行動和對抗樣式。各種作戰行動對於作戰全局來說都是不可分割的，各種行動之間也是緊密聯繫，互為條件，相互協調，融為一體，從而形成整體作戰威力。一是作戰行動的統一性。資訊化戰爭的勝負是交戰雙方體系對抗的結果，孤立、單一的作戰行動往往是難以發揮的。這就要求多個軍兵種在不同的作戰空間、作戰領域綜合採取多種作戰樣式，而單一軍兵種為主的作戰樣式將只能作為子作戰行動「棲身」於整體的聯合行動之中，所有的作戰行動統一於體系對抗之中。二是作戰行動的整合性。資訊化戰爭是追求高效益的戰爭形態，客觀上要求必須從系統效能出發，將多種作戰樣式和行動高度「整合」。綜合運用多種作戰樣式和戰法，把有形的作戰行動與無形的作戰行動結合起來，把非線式作戰與非接觸作戰、非對稱作戰結合起來，把心理戰與輿論戰、法律戰結合起來，把正規作戰與非正規作戰結合起來，把軟打擊與硬摧毀結合起來，形成整體優勢。三是作戰行動的突變性。在資訊戰爭中，敵對雙方在整合己方各種作戰資源、發揮整體威力的同時，都著力尋找對方“體系重心”“關節點”，一旦發現敵薄弱部位，所有作戰力量和行動通過整體聯動和自主協同，採取多樣式、多手段的破擊行動，造成敵作戰能力的突變和主動作戰體系的全面作戰，以實現“崩塌與優勢”，以崩潰與作戰能力的全面作戰。

可見，資訊化戰爭是各種力量在多個戰場空間、作戰領域中綜合運用多種戰鬥樣式和作戰手段同場競技的實踐活動。只有多種戰鬥樣式、作戰手段相互配合、相互支援、互補，才能產生倍增效應，進而發揮整個系統的最大作戰效能。

多手融合

戰爭手段是為達成戰爭目的而運用的方法。資訊化戰爭除了強大的軍事手段外，還必須動用一切可以動用的方式和手段，相互配合，有機融合，形成整體，以取得有利的態勢。一是戰爭手段運用綜合化。凡戰爭都有鮮明的政治性，都是為一定的政治目的服務的。隨著世界經濟全球化、國際政治多極化等因素的影響，資訊化戰爭更多的是以軍事手段為主，軍事手段與經濟、外交、文化、科技等多種手段的綜合運用。二是戰爭手段運用梯度化。隨著時代的發展，戰爭作為維護、謀求權力與利益的手段受到了國際法和國際輿論越來越多的限制，加上諸戰爭需付出高昂代價，所以信息化時代在戰爭手段運用上，呈現出逐步發展的梯度性，通常先由國際法意義上的報復、顯示武力、暴力性報復（打擊），最後發展至局部戰爭。三是戰爭手段運用的系統化。資訊化戰爭是敵對雙方綜合國力的較量，戰爭的取勝，有賴於各種戰爭手段綜合、系統運用。在具體的作戰行動中，各種戰爭手段因其功能、性質的不同，在戰爭中居於不同的地位，扮演不同的角色。只有把各種有效的戰爭手段緊密地結合成一個有機連結的整體，才能形成充分揚己之長、避己之短的作戰體系，最大限度地發揮整體作戰效能。

可見，資訊化戰爭受制因素增多、戰爭目的簡約、作戰樣式翻新，在決策與行動過程中，只有與政治、經濟、文化、外交等其他領域鬥爭行動互相配合，融為一體，才能高效地達成戰爭總體目標。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2019-12/10/content_24955988.htm

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Professor Chen Yingwen China National University of Defense Technology Describes Military Internet of Things: Everything is Connected, Attacking & Winning from Thousands of Miles Away

Leave a comment

國防科技大學陳英文教授闡述軍事物聯網：萬物互聯，千里之外也能攻打

現代英語：

In mid-July 2021 World Internet of Things Expo held a press conference and revealed that the expo is scheduled to be held in Wuxi in early September. At that time, the expo will be themed “Intelligently Connecting Everything and Leading the Future with Digital”, focusing on showcasing the latest achievements in the global Internet of Things field.

The Internet of Things is changing people’s daily lives, quietly changing the form of modern warfare, and promoting the development of intelligent warfare.

Professor Chen Yingwen from the National University of Defense Technology tells you about the military Internet of Things——

Everything is connected, winning thousands of miles away

■Feng Zijian, Qu Shenghui, Qi Xucong

Schematic diagram of military Internet of Things technology simulation.

A “bridge” connecting the virtual world and the real world

The so-called Internet of Things can be simply understood as an Internet that connects everything. If the Internet is a “dialogue” in the virtual world, then the Internet of Things is a “bridge” connecting the virtual world and the real world.

The application of the Internet of Things had already appeared in wars under the name of “sensor networks” more than half a century before it attracted people’s attention.

In the 1960s, the “Ho Chi Minh Trail” on the Vietnam battlefield was covered with tens of thousands of “tropical tree” vibration sensors. These sensors are like a dense “spider web”, waiting for the “prey” to arrive. Whenever a person or vehicle passes by, the sensor detects the vibration generated by the target and records data such as its direction and speed.

At this time, tens of thousands of kilometers away, in an infiltration surveillance center code-named “Task Force Alpha”, US military technicians were receiving and processing relevant information sent back by the “sensor network”. Once a Vietnamese military convoy was discovered passing by, the command center would send instructions to the US troops stationed in Vietnam, instructing fighter planes to fly over the target and carry out bombing.

Due to the limited technology at the time, the sensors could only work for a few weeks. The “spider web” carefully built by the US military ultimately failed to prevent the Vietnamese army from transporting troops and supplies.

Although this “cooperative” combat method between humans and objects did not achieve any good results in history, it has prompted Western countries led by the United States to conduct in-depth research on Internet technology and continuously explore the interconnection between humans and objects, and objects and objects. Its highly informationized advantages are highlighted in many areas of military applications.

After decades of development, some military powers have successively developed a series of military sensor network systems, including the “Smart Dust” system for collecting battlefield information, the “Lumbas” system for remotely monitoring the battlefield environment, the “Sand Straight Line” system for monitoring the movement of weapon platforms, and the “Wolf Pack” system specifically for detecting electromagnetic signals.

Among them, the detection element of the “smart dust” system is only the size of a grain of sand, but it can realize all functions such as information collection, processing and sending, thereby enhancing the ability to control information during combat.

No combat entity will become an “island”

In the world of the Internet of Things, every grain of “sand” will have its network address. For the military Internet of Things, no operational entity will become an “island”.

During the first Gulf War, many weapons and equipment transported by the US military could not be found, resulting in a large waste of war resources. The reason is that the containers transporting weapons and equipment were not clearly marked, and personnel were unable to track the location of the transported weapons and equipment, which led to the loss of a large number of weapons and equipment.

Twelve years later, during the Iraq War, the US military installed radio frequency microchips on every container shipped to the Gulf region, and placed readers and writers according to transportation and storage needs, thereby achieving full tracking of personnel, equipment, and materials, greatly improving the effectiveness of military logistics support.

Foreign research data revealed that compared with the Gulf War, the Iraq War’s sea transport volume decreased by 87%, air transport volume decreased by 88.6%, combat equipment reserves decreased by 75%, and strategic support equipment mobilization decreased by 89%.

In fact, from the moment the electronic tags are attached and the sensing systems are installed, the originally silent equipment becomes like an organic life form that can sense and communicate with each other. Through the transformation of the Internet of Things technology, each combat entity such as combat personnel and combat equipment has become a “network node”. Through perception and communication with each other, the battlefield situation is clearer and combat operations are more efficient.

Take the personnel assessment network established by the Australian Department of Defense as an example: during combat, commanders can assess the physical functions and conditions of soldiers through sensors worn by soldiers, and then combine them with satellite positioning information to obtain the physical function status of all personnel. Commanders can use this as a basis for allocating troops, which can greatly improve the efficiency of battlefield decision-making.

Military IoT technology will play a big role in future battlefields

In today’s world, there are more and more similar military news——

In June 2016, the US military launched an airstrike using drones, killing 16 Taliban members; in September of the same year, Turkish security forces killed 6 terrorists under the guidance of their domestically produced drones.

In the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in the Middle East in 2020, a video released by Azerbaijan made many people feel the power of networked and intelligent weapons: after the drone discovered the enemy tank, it aimed and fired…

From sensing the battlefield situation to locking onto the target and then launching an attack on the target, the reason behind unmanned equipment becoming the main offensive entity is the huge support of military Internet of Things technology. This huge intelligent information network is like the “clairvoyance” and “super hearing” on the battlefield, allowing combat personnel to sit firmly in the “central military camp” and win the battle thousands of miles away.

“Everything is connected, and victory can be won thousands of miles away.” This is the development trend of military Internet of Things technology and an important feature of future intelligent warfare. In the era of the Internet of Everything, the military Internet of Things will connect several individual combat entities into intelligent combat groups and generate a smart combat system. In the future, it will only be necessary to give the smart combat system clear combat objectives, and military combat personnel will not have to participate in its execution process.

At present, the development of military Internet of Things technology still has a long way to go before it can realize the Internet of Everything, but we should be aware that when smart nodes reach a certain scale, the military Internet of Things will achieve a qualitative leap.

In future battlefields, military Internet of Things technology will surely play a big role in achieving victory through “connection”.

現代國語：

今年7月中旬，2021世界物聯網博覽會組委會召開新聞發布會透露，此次博覽會預定9月上旬在無錫舉行。屆時，博覽會將以「智聯萬物 數領未來」為主題，集中展現全球物聯網領域的最新成果。

物聯網，改變人們的日常生活，也悄悄改變現代戰爭形式，推動智慧化戰爭發展進程。

國防科技大學教授陳穎文為您講述軍事物聯網—

萬物互聯，決勝千里之外

■馮劍 曲晟暉 齊旭聰

軍用物聯網技術模擬示意圖。

連接虛擬世界與現實世界的一座“橋樑”

所謂物聯網，我們不妨將其簡單理解為物物相連的互聯網。如果說互聯網是虛擬世界中的一種“對話”，那麼物聯網則是連接虛擬世界與現實世界的一座“橋樑”。

物聯網應用，早在受到人們關注前的半個多世紀，就已在戰爭中以「傳感器網絡」之名現身。

上世紀60年代，越南戰場的「胡志明小徑」上，佈滿了數以萬計的「熱帶樹」振動傳感器。這些傳感器就像密密麻麻的「蛛網」一般，等待著「獵物」到來。每當有人員或車輛經過時，傳感器就會探測到目標產生的震動，並記錄其方向和速度等數據。

此時，數萬公裡之外，一家代號為「阿爾法特混部隊」的滲透監視中心裡，美軍技術人員在接收和處理著「傳感器網絡」回傳的相關資訊。一旦發現越軍車隊經過，指揮中心就會向駐紮在越南的美軍發出指令，讓戰機飛臨目標實施轟炸。

當時技術有限，傳感器實際工作時間只能維持幾週時間。美軍處心積慮搭建的這張“蛛網”，最終未能阻止越南軍隊對兵力和物資的運送。

雖然歷史上這次人與物「協同」的作戰方式並未取得什麼好的效果，卻推動了以美國為首的西方國家深入研究互聯技術，不斷探索人與物、物與物之間的互聯互通。其高度資訊化優勢，在軍事應用的多個領域凸顯出來。

經過幾十年發展，一些軍事強國先後研製出收集戰場資訊的「智慧微塵」系統、遠程監視戰場環境的「倫巴斯」系統、偵聽武器平台運動的「沙地直線」系統、專門偵收電磁信號的「狼群」系統等一系列軍事傳感器網絡系統。

其中，「智慧微塵」系統的探測元件只有沙粒大小，卻能實現資訊收集、處理和發送等全部功能，從而提升了作戰過程中的製資訊權能力。

沒有一個作戰實體會成為“孤島”

在物聯網世界裡，每一粒「沙子」都將擁有它的網路位址。對軍事物聯網來說，沒有一個作戰實體會成為「孤島」。

在第一次海灣戰爭中，美軍運送的許多武器裝備無從查找，造成了大量戰爭資源浪費。究其原因，是由於運送武器裝備的集裝箱標誌不清，人員對於傳送的武器裝備位置無法跟踪，進而導致武器裝備的大量遺失。

12年後，在伊拉克戰爭中，美軍給運送到海灣地區的每一個集裝箱均加裝了射頻微型晶片，並依據運輸和存儲需要安放了讀寫器，從而實現了對人員、裝備、物資的全程跟踪，使得軍事物流保障的有效性大大提高。

國外研究資料揭露，相較於海灣戰爭，伊拉克戰爭的海運量減少87%，空運量減少88.6%，戰役裝備儲備減少75%，戰略支援裝備動員量減少89%。

實際上，從貼上電子標簽、裝上感知系統的那一刻起，原本靜默的裝備就像一個有機生命體，它們可以相互感知和交流。透過對物聯網技術的改造，作戰人員、作戰裝備等每一個作戰實體都成了一個“網絡節點”，相互間通過感知與交流，讓戰場態勢更加清晰，也使得作戰行動更加高效。

以澳洲國防部所建立的人員評估網為例：作戰期間，指揮人員可通過士兵身上穿戴的傳感器，對士兵身體的機能與狀態進行評估，再結合衛星定位的位置信息，可獲得全體人員身體機能的態勢情況。指揮人員以此為依據進行兵力分配，可大幅提升戰場決策效率。

軍事物聯網技術在未來戰場上大有作為

當今世界，類似軍事新聞越來越多——

2016年6月，美軍利用無人機發動空襲，擊斃16名塔利班成員；同年9月，土耳其安全部隊在其國產無人機的指引下擊斃了6名恐怖分子。

在2020年中東地區的納卡沖突中，阿塞拜疆發布的一段視頻，讓許多人感受到了網絡化、智能化武器的力量：無人機發現敵方坦克後，瞄準、發射…

從感知戰場態勢到鎖定目標、再到對目標展開攻擊，無人裝備成為進攻主體的背後，是軍事物聯網技術的巨大支撐。這個龐大的智慧化資訊網絡，就如同戰場上的“千裡眼”“順風耳”，讓作戰人員穩坐“中軍帳”，就能決勝於千里之外。

「萬物互聯，決勝千里之外。」這是軍事物聯網技術的發展趨勢，也是未來智慧化戰爭的重要特徵。在萬物互聯的時代，軍事物聯網會將若干單一作戰實體連接成為智慧作戰群，生成智慧作戰體系。未來，只需給智慧作戰體係明確作戰目的，軍隊作戰人員不必參與其執行過程。

當前，軍事物聯網技術的發展距離萬物互聯還有很長一段路要走，但應清醒看到，當智慧節點達到一定規模後，軍事物聯網就會形成質的飛躍。

未來戰場，軍事物聯網技術必將大有作為，實現以「聯」制勝。

來源：中國軍網-解放軍報 作者：馮子劍 曲晟暉 齊旭聰 責任編輯：楊紅
2021-08-27 06:00

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/10081763888.html?big=fan

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, National Defense and Military Modernization, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事分析:認知域作戰的特徵與發展趨勢, 中國軍事應用與比特幣在未來戰爭中的應用, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍事認知域作戰的重點是什麼、重點在哪裡？, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰, 中國軍隊聚焦認知域戰是主攻戰場對抗的新著力點, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 元宇宙, 國家網絡空間安全戰略, 國防和軍隊現代化建設, 域作战突出属性, 認知戰, 新軍事變革, 智慧戰爭, 美國軍事網絡戰：黑客入侵防禦成為無菸的戰爭, 解放軍展望未來戰爭發展, 認知域戰, 認知域戰, 認知域操作, 認知對抗, 認知戰, 認知領域操作, 資料來源：中國外交部, 贏得現代戰爭認知領域作戰的關鍵, 軍事多域作戰, 軍事認知戰, 軍隊「三化」融合聚焦探索戰力生成, 軍隊要突顯「高品質」、實現「提速」, 非對稱戰爭, 馬賽克戰

Uncertainty – Fog of War and the Way to Win in Modern Warfare for China’s Military

Leave a comment

不確定性－戰爭迷霧與中國軍隊在現代戰爭中的勝利之道

現代英語：

Wars in different eras have different characteristics, and the “fog of war” that accompanies them is constantly changing. Often when people feel that they have basically seen the way to win through multi-faceted exploration, the next war presents new uncertainties. Local wars such as the Syrian War and the India-Azerbaijan conflict have demonstrated the multifaceted and complex nature of modern warfare from different perspectives. It can be seen that although traditional firepower warfare is still on the stage, the characteristics of intelligence have already emerged; although the combat type is still an offensive and defensive struggle, the combat guidance, environmental conditions, and specific methods of play have undergone profound changes. Wars are accelerating their evolution towards intelligence. The battlefield space has expanded from land, sea, air, space, electricity, and the Internet to space, polar regions, deep sea, and cognitive confrontations. The game competition has changed from military confrontation to multi-dimensional competitions such as politics, economy, science and technology, and public opinion. The participating forces have developed from the two warring parties to global attention and multi-dimensional intervention. Information intelligence has moved from auxiliary support to comprehensive dominance, full penetration, and full coverage. The combat unit has evolved from scale optimization to small, micro, and sophisticated, and the form is scattered and capable. Intelligence and hybrid have become basic trends. In the face of evolving wars and new uncertainties, we need to be sensitive to change and respond proactively, accumulate momentum and forge ahead in the midst of change, so as to achieve leadership and surpass others and seize the opportunity to win.

Enhance the hybrid nature of war based on the “pan-variability”. War is the continuation of politics and has never been a simple military confrontation. In the era of intelligence, visible struggles and invisible struggles coexist, battlefields with gunpowder smoke and silent battles coexist, and gray areas, hybrid warfare, and marginal conflicts coexist. In the face of fierce and complex competitive game situations, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of a hybrid warfare system with military as the cornerstone. First, enrich strategic options. Closely follow the characteristics of the times, strengthen the exploration of the characteristics and laws of non-military confrontation and the construction of power means, implement relevant preparations, and form comprehensive advantages. Secondly, enhance invisible strength. Attach importance to geopolitical, cultural, psychological and other aspects of research, and form an effective discourse system through think tank exchanges, academic promotion, cultural integration, legal construction, media propaganda and other means to influence the other party’s cognition in a silent way. Thirdly, unite the forces of peace. Take the construction of a united front in the new era as an important means of hybrid confrontation, unite all forces that can be united, and enhance international influence and appeal.

Enhance the flexibility of tactics based on the “smart change” of the battlefield. Looking at recent local wars and conflicts, due to factors such as the regional dimension and the strength of both sides, the traces of traditional warfare are still relatively obvious, but intelligent and unmanned warfare has irreversibly come to the fore. It can be foreseen that comprehensive intelligent warfare is not far away, the extension range of weapons and equipment will be farther and wider, the combat perspectives of the opposing sides will be larger and wider, and the degree of hinge fusion between the physical domain, network domain, and cognitive domain will be deeper. The battlefield with deep “smart change” calls for concepts and tactics that are adapted to it. We should accelerate the promotion of intelligent thinking, intelligent technology, and intelligent network aggregation and empowerment to form a flexible closed link with fast perception, fast decision-making, fast judgment, fast action, and fast feedback, based on “OODA” and the kill chain to beat the slow with the fast and change with change. Relying on intelligent computing power and intelligent algorithms, we design wars in advance, build various models, and innovate tactics and training methods in peacetime. In wartime, we analyze the battle situation in real time, keenly seize opportunities, and make precise decisions and actions. We use “military + technology”, “theory + experiment”, and “algorithm + tactics” to integrate the art of strategy with intelligent technology to achieve a combination of the strange and the orthodox, take the lead in rapid changes, and win by intelligence.

Enhance the plasticity of forces based on the “micro-change” of units. One of the important characteristics of modern warfare is that large systems support elite combat, and combat units are becoming increasingly miniaturized, integrated, and modular. We must focus on the combat unit, the end of combat effectiveness, and forge a “sharp knife” and “sharp blade” that is small, fine, micro, and strong to adapt to intelligent warfare. On the one hand, strengthen its ability to integrate into the system and connect all parties, rely on ubiquitous access to information networks, and achieve decentralized combat and energy concentration through flexible matching and rapid reorganization; on the other hand, strengthen its independent decision-making and improvisation capabilities, improve robustness and self-recovery, and be able to survive, respond to emergencies, and fight in extreme situations. It is possible to explore the formation of a “micro-unit” concept force, implement a flexible organization, do not fix the number of personnel, and do not restrict the field. Advanced combat theories, new combat formations, and new weapons and equipment can be tested and verified in advance, so as to explore ways to achieve cloud combat, cloud joint, cloud energy gathering, and self-combination at the end of the strike chain.

Enhance strategic bottom line based on deterrence “evolution”. Deterrence has a long history like war. With the in-depth application of intelligent technology and weapons and equipment, the connotation and extension, force means, form and effect of deterrence are changing. Although traditional nuclear deterrence is still the cornerstone of bottom line, new deterrence capabilities have been quietly formed, requiring higher determination, strength, wisdom, and strategy. Focusing on the role of deterrence in blocking the enemy invisibly in peacetime, controlling the situation at the key in times of crisis, and winning the final victory in wartime, we should focus on strengthening the strong and making up for the weak, opening up new areas, and long-term strategy to maximize the strategic value of deterrence. First, we should give equal importance to conventional and unconventional, accelerate the development of new weapons and new forces, and achieve the predetermined deterrence intention through actual combat training and actual combat deployment, supplemented by the expression and transmission of strategic will. Secondly, we should continue to study new combat concepts and new combat theories, and promote the transformation of theories from “soft” to “hard” through academic exchanges, think tank collisions, and multi-track and multi-layer confrontations, and transform them into real deterrence. Thirdly, accelerate the transformation of science and technology into the military field, increase research efforts in cloud computing, blockchain, quantum technology, etc., and strive to form a potential deterrent to opponents.

現代國語：

郭呈淵 趙中其

不同時代的戰爭有不同的特點，而與之相伴的「戰爭迷霧」也在不斷變幻。往往當人們透過多方探索、感覺已經基本看清其中的勝利之道時，下一場戰爭又呈現出新的不確定性。敘利亞戰爭、亞阿衝突等局部戰爭，從不同側面展示了現代戰爭的多面性、複雜性。可以看到，傳統火力戰雖仍在舞台之中，但智慧化特徵已然顯現；作戰類型雖仍為攻防爭奪，但作戰指導、環境條件、具體打法已深刻變化。戰爭正加速向智慧化演進，戰場空間由陸、海、空、天、電、網向太空、極地、深海、認知等全域對抗拓展，博弈比拼由軍事對決向政治、經濟、科技、輿論等多維較量轉變，參與力量由交戰雙向全球關注、多元介入方向發展，資訊智能由輔助支撐向全面主導、全程貫穿、全域覆蓋邁進，作戰單元由規模集優向小微精尖、形散能聚演化，智能、混合成為基本趨勢。面對嬗變中的戰爭和新的不確定性，需要敏銳知變、積極應變，於變中蓄勢、變中進取，實現領先超越、搶得制勝先機。

基於戰爭「泛變」增強超限混合性。戰爭是政治的延續，從來不是單純的軍事對抗。智能化時代，看得見的爭鬥和看不見的鬥爭並存，有硝煙的戰場和無聲息的爭戰同在，灰色地帶、混合戰爭、邊緣衝突相伴而生。面對激烈複雜的競爭賽局態勢，需要加速建構以軍事為基石的混合戰爭體系。首先，豐富戰略選項。緊貼時代特點，加強非軍事抗衡特點規律探究和力量手段建設，實化相關準備，形成綜合優勢。其次，提升隱形實力。重視做好地緣、文化、心理等面向研究，透過智庫交流、學術推廣、文化交融、法律建構、媒介宣傳等方式，形成有效話語體系，在潤物無聲中影響對方認知。再次，團結和平力量。把建構新時代統一戰線作為混合對抗的重要手段，團結一切可以團結的力量，增強國際影響力和感召力。

基於戰場「智變」增強戰法彈性。縱觀近幾場局部戰爭與衝突，囿於地域維度、雙方實力等因素，傳統作戰痕跡仍較為明顯，但智能化、無人化已不可逆轉地走向前台。可以預見，全面智慧化戰爭並不遙遠，武器裝備的延伸範圍將更遠更廣，對抗雙方的交戰視角將更大更寬，物理域、網絡域、認知域鉸鏈融合程度更深。深度「智變」的戰場，呼喚與之相適應的理念、戰法，應加快推進智能化思維、智能化技術、智能化網絡聚合增能，形成快感知、快決策、快判斷、快行動、快反饋的彈性閉合鏈路，基於「OODA」和殺傷鏈以快打慢、以變制變。依托智能算力、智能演算法，平時超前設計戰爭、建構多種模型、創新戰法訓法，戰時即時研判戰情、敏銳捕捉戰機、精準決策行動，運用“軍事+科技”“理論+試驗” “演算法+打法”，融合謀略藝術與智慧技術，實現奇正結合、搶先快變、以智制勝。

基於單元「微變」增強力量可塑性。大體系支撐精兵作戰是現代戰爭的重要特色之一，作戰單元變得日益微型化、整合化、模組化。要扭住作戰單元這一戰鬥力末端，鍛造適應智慧化戰爭、小而精、微而強的「尖刀」「利刃」。一方面，強化其融入體系、連結各方的能力，依托泛在接取的資訊網絡，透過靈活搭配、快速重組，實現分散作戰、集效聚能；另一方面，強化其自主決策、臨機應變能力，提高魯棒性和自恢復性，在極端情況下能生存、能應急、能作戰。可探索組成「微單元」概念部隊，實行彈性編制，不固定員額、不限制領域，超前試驗論證先進作戰理論、新式作戰編組、新型武器裝備，為實現打擊鏈條末端雲作戰、雲聯合、雲聚能、自組合運用摸索路子。

基於威懾「衍變」增強戰略保底性。威懾與戰爭一樣歷史悠久。隨著智慧化技術和武器裝備的深入運用，威懾的內涵外延、力量手段、形式效果等都在改變。雖然傳統的核威懾仍是保底基石，但新的威懾能力已在悄悄形成，對決心、實力、智慧、謀略等要求更高。著眼發揮威懾平時阻敵於無形、危時控勢於關鍵、戰時決勝於最後的作用，應注重固強補弱、開拓新域、長期經略，實現威懾戰略價值最大化。首先，堅持常規與非常規並重，加速發展新型武器、新質力量，透過實戰化演訓、實戰化部署，輔以謀略意志表達傳遞，達成預定威懾企圖。其次，持續研究新作戰概念、新作戰理論，透過學術交流、智庫碰撞和多軌多層對抗，推動理論由“軟”變“硬”，轉化為現實威懾力。再次，加速科技向軍事領域轉化進程，在雲端運算、區塊鏈、量子科技等方面加強研究力度，努力形成對對手的潛在嚇阻。

中国军网 国防部网

2022年9月16日 星期五

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2022-09/16/content_324164888.htm

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #中國的耗散戰, #中國軍事人工智慧武器化, #新興戰爭技術, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Create a New Situation for China’s National Defense and Chinese Military Modernization

Leave a comment

開創中國國防與軍隊現代化建設新局面

現代英語：

National Defense University Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee is a very important meeting held at a critical period of comprehensively promoting the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization. It focuses on studying and deploying the issues of further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese-style modernization, and makes strategic deployments for continuously deepening national defense and military reforms, drawing a blueprint for the new journey of relaying reforms to strengthen the military and constantly creating a new situation in national defense and military modernization. All levels of the military should earnestly study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, unify their thoughts, wills and actions, and thoroughly implement the strategy of reforming and strengthening the military, so as to provide strong guarantees for achieving the goal of building the army for 100 years as scheduled and basically realizing national defense and military modernization.

Reform is a key move in designing and shaping the future of the military

Reform and opening up are the most prominent features and the most magnificent aura of contemporary China. The military field is the field with the most intense competition and confrontation, and it is also the field with the most innovative vitality and the most need for reform and innovation. Whether a military can possess an unremitting spirit of reform and a pioneering and enterprising spirit of innovation is an important indicator of its ability to win. Deepening the reform of national defense and the military is the only way to strengthen the military. The driving force for strengthening the military lies in reform, the way out lies in reform, and the future also lies in reform.

The strength of the People’s Army comes from reform and innovation, and the victory of the People’s Army comes from reform and innovation. The history of the growth and development of the People’s Army is a history of reform and innovation. From the establishment of a complete set of principles and systems for building the army under the absolute leadership of the Party during the Agrarian Revolution, to the implementation of the policy of streamlining the military during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression; from the establishment of five major field armies during the War of Liberation, to the repeated adjustments to the system and organization after the founding of New China, to the massive reduction of millions of troops in the new era of reform and opening up and socialist modernization… The People’s Army has been fighting and reforming, building and reforming, and has become stronger and stronger. From the “Sixteen-Character Formula” of the Red Army period, to the “Protracted War” of the Anti-Japanese War, from the “Ten Military Principles” of the Liberation War, to the “piecemeal” of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, to the continuous adjustment of military strategic policies after the founding of New China… The People’s Army learned war from war, explored laws from practice, and wrote a vivid chapter of continuous innovation in the art of war leadership in the history of world military. Along the way, reform and innovation have always been an important magic weapon for our army to grow from small to large, from weak to strong, and continuously from victory to victory. Deepening the reform of national defense and the military is the requirement of the times to realize the Chinese Dream and the dream of a strong military, the only way to strengthen the military, and a key move to determine the future of the military. At present, it is a period of hard struggle to achieve the goal of building the army for 100 years. In order to defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests with stronger capabilities and more reliable means, and to provide strategic support for comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization, it is necessary to continue to deepen the reform of national defense and the military.

Only reformers can make progress, and only innovators can become strong. President Xi Jinping stressed that “the new military revolution has provided us with a golden opportunity. We must seize the opportunity and work hard to not only keep up with the trend and the times, but also strive to be at the forefront of the times.” In today’s world, the new military revolution is surging, the intelligent warfare form is gradually showing its true face in the practice of war, and the new military technology and weapons and equipment system are further affecting the rules of war. All these require us to maintain a keen sense of reform and cutting-edge innovative thinking, base ourselves on the actual development of our army, focus on the needs of preparing for war, think deeply about the new force structure and winning logic necessary to win modern wars, rely on reform to continuously optimize the military system, improve the effectiveness of military governance in line with actual combat requirements, and go all out to fight a tough battle to achieve the goal of building the army for the centenary.

Comprehensively deepening reform has achieved great changes in the People’s Army in the new era

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core has, with great political courage and wisdom, pushed forward the theory and practice of reform of socialism with Chinese characteristics to a new breadth and depth. In the new era and new journey, we must insist on deepening reform to gain creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness, and insist on the unchanged direction, unswerving path and unreduced efforts, and continuously push forward the modernization of national defense and the army with better strategies, higher efficiency and faster speed, and resolutely complete the mission and tasks of the new era entrusted by the Party and the people.

Grasp the overall changes in deepening national defense and military reforms. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the People’s Army has adhered to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implemented Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army, and taken the Party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era as its guide. It has comprehensively implemented the strategy of reform and strengthening the army, and has thoroughly resolved the institutional obstacles, structural contradictions, and policy issues that have long constrained national defense and army building, promoted the reform of the leadership and command system, the reform of the scale structure and force composition, and the reform of military policies and systems, and achieved historic achievements in deepening the reform of national defense and the army. The People’s Army has achieved an overall revolutionary reshaping; the new system, structure, pattern, and appearance have made our army’s winning advantage more prominent, its innovative vitality continuously released, and its morale more uplifting. Practice has fully proved that as long as we unswervingly continue to deepen the reform of national defense and the military, we will be able to create a new situation in the modernization of national defense and the military.

Adhere to the ideological guidance of deepening the reform of national defense and the military. President Xi’s series of important strategic thoughts on deepening the reform of national defense and the military, which are directional, fundamental, and overall, have profoundly clarified the contemporary significance, essential attributes, fundamental guidance, goals and tasks, core requirements, important directions, strategic measures, and scientific methods of deepening the reform of national defense and the military. To carry out the reform of national defense and the military to the end, we must adhere to Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military as the general guidance and general compliance, and consistently use Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military to arm the minds of officers and soldiers, further unify thoughts, deepen understanding, and use it to guide reform practice, further work on resolving deep-seated contradictions and problems, promote the implementation of reform arrangements, and realize the determination and intentions of the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission, and President Xi at a high standard.

Advancing national defense and military modernization requires continued reform

President Xi stressed: “On the road ahead, the People’s Army must be brave in reform and good at innovation, and never become rigid or stagnant at any time or under any circumstances.” The People’s Army is a strong backing for national security. The deeper the reform goes, the more it must take responsibility, move forward steadily and courageously, and there must be no slackness or rest. It is necessary to continue to deepen the reform of national defense and the army to provide security guarantees and strategic support for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization.

The cause of strengthening the military is inspiring, and the goal of strengthening the military inspires fighting spirit. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee made strategic arrangements for deepening the implementation of the strategy of reform and strengthening the military. This is not only a call to action for continued reform and attack, but also a drumbeat for determination to strengthen the military. We must focus our efforts on implementing the strategy of reform and strengthening the military, and continuously push forward the cause of strengthening the military in the new era. The mission is imminent, and the goal calls. The goal of strengthening the military depicts the goal map, roadmap and development map for strengthening and revitalizing the military. It is the soul and main line that runs through the deepening of national defense and military reform. The promotion of reform must not deviate from the goal of strengthening the military for a moment or a single moment. The goal of strengthening the military must always be used to measure, regulate and correct, providing a strong impetus for advancing the modernization of national defense and the military.

A strong country must have a strong military, and a strong military must reform. National defense and military modernization are important components of China’s modernization. Further deepening reform and promoting China’s modernization will inevitably put forward new and higher requirements for deepening national defense and military reform. On the one hand, with the increase in the breadth and depth of the practice of China’s modernization, the new progress of comprehensively deepening reform requires our military construction to accelerate and build high quality in improving quality and efficiency. We must uphold the core position of innovation in our military construction and promote national defense and military modernization through reform and innovation. On the other hand, with the practice of modern warfare, especially the militarization of artificial intelligence, the profound changes in the internal mechanism of war and the mode of winning, etc., all require national defense and military reform to seize the opportunity and act in response to the times, and make greater efforts to enhance our military’s joint combat capability based on the network information system and the all-domain combat capability. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee made major strategic arrangements around the continued deepening of national defense and military reforms, and proposed a number of important reform measures involving the optimization and adjustment of systems, mechanisms, and institutions, which are highly contemporary, forward-looking, and targeted. All levels of the military must earnestly study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, focus on improving the leadership and management system and mechanism of the People’s Army, deepen the reform of the joint combat system, deepen cross-military and local reforms, and constantly create a new situation in strengthening and revitalizing the army.

We should follow the general trend of reform and gather strong forces. To thoroughly implement the strategy of reform and strengthening the military, we need unity of purpose and unity of purpose. We should persist in using the Party’s innovative theories to unite our hearts and minds and strengthen our foundations, arm our heads with Xi Jinping’s thoughts on strengthening the military, unify our thoughts and actions with the decisions of the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Xi, and take on the responsibility of thoroughly implementing the strategy of reform and strengthening the military with a high degree of historical consciousness and a strong sense of mission, further consolidate the consensus on reform, strengthen the will to reform, and enhance the confidence in reform. We should focus on summarizing and applying the successful experience of national defense and military reform, deeply grasp the characteristics and laws of reform and strengthening the military, use reform to solve the problems encountered in development, and continuously promote the modernization of national defense and the military to break through obstacles. Party members and cadres in the military, especially leading cadres, must be good promoters and doers of reform, take the lead in tackling tough problems with practical actions, work hard and fast, and make great strides forward in the journey of building a world-class military in an all-round way.

(Written by: Tang Junfeng)

現代國語：

國防大學習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想研究中心

黨的二十屆三中全會是在以中國式現代化全面推進強國建設、民族復興偉業的關鍵時期召開的一次十分重要的會議，重點研究部署進一步全面深化改革、推進中國式現代化問題，對持續深化國防和軍隊改革作出戰略部署，為新征程接力推進改革強軍、不斷開創國防和軍隊現代化新局面繪就了藍圖。全軍各級要認真學習貫徹黨的二十屆三中全會精神，統一思想、統一意志、統一行動，深入實施改革強軍戰略，為如期實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標、基本實現國防和軍隊現代化提供有力保障。

改革是設計和塑造軍隊未來的關鍵一招

改革開放性是當代中國最顯著的特徵、最壯麗的氣象。軍事領域是競爭和對抗最激烈的領域，也是最具創新活力、最需改革創新的領域。能否具備永不停頓的改革精神和開拓進取的創新精神，是衡量一支軍隊打贏能力的重要標志。深化國防和軍隊改革是強軍興軍必由之路，強軍興軍動力在改革，出路在改革，前途也在改革。

人民軍隊的力量來自改革創新，人民軍隊的勝利來自改革創新。人民軍隊成長發展史，就是一部改革創新史。從土地革命戰爭時期創立黨對軍隊絕對領導一整套建軍原則制度，到抗日戰爭時期實行精兵簡政；從解放戰爭時期組建五大野戰軍，到新中國成立後多次調整體制編制，再到改革開放和社會主義現代化建設新時期百萬大裁軍……人民軍隊邊戰邊改，邊建邊改，愈改愈強。從紅軍時期的“十六字訣”，到抗日戰爭時期的“持久戰”，從解放戰爭時期的“十大軍事原則”，到抗美援朝戰爭時期的“零敲牛皮糖”，再到新中國成立後軍事戰略方針的不斷調整……人民軍隊從戰爭中學習戰爭，從實踐中探索規律，在世界軍事史上書寫了戰爭指導藝術不斷創新的生動篇章。一路走來，改革創新始終是我軍從小到大、由弱到強，不斷從勝利走向勝利的重要法寶。深化國防與軍隊改革，是實現中國夢、強軍夢的時代要求，是強軍興軍的必經之路，也是決定軍隊未來的關鍵一招。當前，實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標到了吃勁奮鬥的攻堅期，以更強大的能力、更可靠的手段捍衛國家主權、安全、發展利益，為以中國式現代化全面推進中華民族偉大復興提供戰略支撐，必須持續深化防衛和軍隊改革。

惟改革者進，惟創新者強。習主席強調指出：「新軍事革命為我們提供了千載難逢的機遇，我們要抓住機遇、奮發有為，不僅要趕上潮流、趕上時代，還要力爭走在時代前列。」當今世界，新軍事革命風起雲湧，智慧化戰爭形態在戰爭實踐中漸顯真容，新的軍事技術和武器裝備體系進一步影響戰爭規則，這些都要求我們必須保持敏銳的改革意識、前沿的創新思維，立足我軍發展實際，聚焦備戰打仗需求，深入思考打贏現代戰爭所必需的全新力量結構、制勝邏輯，依靠改革持續優化軍事體系，對標實戰化要求提高軍事治理效能，全力以赴打好實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標攻堅戰。

全面深化改革成就新時代人民軍隊偉大變革

黨的十八大以來，以習近平同志為核心的黨中央以巨大的政治勇氣和智慧，把中國特色社會主義改革理論和改革實踐推進到新的廣度和深度。新時代新征程，必須堅持向深化改革要創造力、凝聚力、戰鬥力，堅持方向不變、道路不偏、力度不減，以更優策略、更高效益、更快速度把國防和軍隊現代化不斷推向前進，堅決完成黨和人民賦予的新時代使命任務。

把握深化國防和軍隊改革的整體性變革。黨的十八屆三中全會以來，人民軍隊堅持以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，深入貫徹習近平強軍思想，以黨在新時代的強軍目標為引領，全面實施改革強軍戰略，深入破解長期制約國防和軍隊建設的體制性障礙、結構性矛盾、政策性問題，推進領導指揮體制改革、規模結構和力量編成改革、軍事政策制度改革，深化國防和軍隊改革取得歷史性成就，人民軍隊實現整體性革命性重塑；體制一新、結構一新、格局一新、面貌一新，使我軍制勝優勢更加彰顯、創新活力不斷釋放、精神面貌更為昂揚。實踐充分證明，只要堅定不移持續深化國防和軍隊改革，就一定能開創國防和軍隊現代化新局面。

堅持深化國防和軍隊改革的思想引領。習主席關於深化國防和軍隊改革的一系列方向性、根本性、全局性的重要戰略思想，深刻闡明了深化國防和軍隊改革的時代意義、本質屬性、根本引領、目標任務、核心要求、重要指向、戰略舉措和科學方法。把國防和軍隊改革進行到底，必須堅持習近平強軍思想這個總指導總遵循，一以貫之地用習近平強軍思想武裝官兵頭腦，進一步統一思想、深化認識，用以指導改革實踐，進一步向破解深層次矛盾問題發力，推動改革部署落實，高標準實現黨中央、中央軍委會和習主席的決心意圖。

推進國防和軍隊現代化需要持續深化改革

習主席強調：「前進道路上，人民軍隊必須勇於改革、善於創新，任何時候任何情況下都永不僵化、永不停滯。」人民軍隊是國家安全的堅強後盾，改革越到深處，就越要擔當作為、蹄疾步穩、奮勇前進，不能有任何停一停、歇一歇的懈怠。必須持續深化國防和軍隊改革，為以中國式現代化全面推進強國建設、民族復興偉業提供安全保障和戰略支撐。

強軍事業催人奮進，強軍目標激勵鬥志。黨的二十屆三中全會對深入實施改革強軍戰略作出戰略部署，這既是繼續改革攻堅的動員號令，也是矢志強軍的催徵戰鼓。凝心聚力實施改革強軍戰略，把新時代強軍事業不斷推向前進。使命在即，目標召喚。強軍目標描繪了強軍興軍的目標圖、路線圖和展開圖，是貫穿深化國防和軍隊改革的靈魂和主線，推進改革一時一刻、一絲一毫都不能偏離強軍目標，必須始終用強軍目標來衡量、規範和校正，為推進國防和軍隊現代化提供強大動力。

強國必強軍，強軍必改革。國防和軍隊現代化是中國式現代化的重要組成部分。進一步全面深化改革、推進中國式現代化，必然對深化國防和軍隊改革提出新的更高要求。一方面，隨著中國式現代化的實踐廣度和深度的增加，全面深化改革的新進展需要我軍建設在提質增效中跑出加速度、建出高質量。要堅持創新在我軍建設中的核心地位，以改革創新推進國防和軍隊現代化。另一方面，隨著現代戰爭實踐特別是人工智慧的軍事化運用，戰爭內在機理、制勝模式的深刻轉變等，都要求國防和軍隊改革乘勢而為、應時而動，在提升我軍基於網絡資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全域作戰能力等方面下更大功夫。黨的二十屆三中全會圍繞持續深化國防和軍隊改革作出重大戰略部署，提出多項重要改革舉措，涉及體制、機制、制度等方面的優化調整，具有很強的時代性、前瞻性、針對性。全軍各級要認真學習貫徹黨的二十屆三中全會精神，著力完善人民軍隊領導管理體制機制、深化聯合作戰體系改革、深化跨軍地改革，不斷開創強軍興軍新局面。

順應改革大勢，匯聚強大合力。深入實施改革強軍戰略，需要上下齊心、眾志成城。要堅持用黨的創新理論凝心鑄魂、強基固本，用習近平強軍思想武裝頭腦，把思想和行動統一到黨中央、中央軍委和習主席的決策上來，以高度的歷史自覺和強烈的使命擔當深入實施改革強軍戰略，進一步凝聚改革共識、堅定改革意志、增強改革信心。要注重總結運用國防和軍隊改革成功經驗，深入把握改革強軍的特點規律，用改革解決發展中遇到的問題，不斷推動國防和軍隊現代化破障前行。軍隊黨員幹部尤其領導幹部要當好改革的促進派和實干家，以實際行動帶頭攻堅、真抓實幹、緊張快幹，在全面建成世界一流軍隊的征程上闊步前行。

（執筆：湯俊峰）

來源：中國軍網-解放軍報 作者：湯俊峰 責任編輯：張碩 發布：2024-07-29 06:00

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16327611888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 元宇宙, 國家網絡空間安全戰略, 國防和軍隊現代化建設, 域作战突出属性, 認知戰, 新軍事變革, 智慧戰爭, 美國軍事網絡戰：黑客入侵防禦成為無菸的戰爭, 解放軍展望未來戰爭發展, 認知域戰, 認知域戰, 認知域操作, 認知對抗, 認知戰, 認知領域操作, 資料來源：中國外交部, 贏得現代戰爭認知領域作戰的關鍵, 軍事多域作戰, 軍事認知戰, 軍隊「三化」融合聚焦探索戰力生成, 軍隊要突顯「高品質」、實現「提速」, 非對稱戰爭, 馬賽克戰

Chinese Military Intelligent Warfare Research Cannot be separated from Dialectical Thinking

Leave a comment

中國軍事智能化戰爭研究離不開辯證思維

現代英語：

●The application of artificial intelligence in the military field is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it greatly improves combat effectiveness, but on the other hand, it also requires great attention to the potential weaknesses and loopholes of artificial intelligence.

●The use of intelligent weapons does not mean that the role of humans has declined, but rather that some of the functions of humans have been transferred and materialized into weapons. Weapons extend the human body and brain, and stimulate human creativity and initiative.

Accelerating the development of military intelligence is a strategic task proposed in the report of the 19th CPC National Congress. It is a powerful tool to promote the modernization of national defense and the army and realize the party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era. It is also a major measure to aim at the future war situation and seize strategic opportunities. When conducting research on intelligent warfare, we should adhere to dialectical thinking, prevent research from “deviating from reality to virtuality”, “generalizing from a single case”, and “focusing on technology rather than theory”. Only by scientifically analyzing the characteristics and laws of intelligent warfare can we truly promote in-depth and practical research.

To prevent “decoupling from reality and turning to virtuality”, we need to use scientific methodology and epistemology to analyze the problem

Intelligent warfare is a highly informationized war conducted in the physical and cognitive domains through the extensive use of intelligent weapons and equipment and the corresponding combat styles and methods. It is essentially not out of the scope of informationized warfare. The trend of unmanned warfare in recent local wars only has some characteristics of intelligent warfare, and is far from being an intelligent war in the true sense. At present, there is a wave of research on artificial intelligence in all walks of life, but to some extent, there is also a phenomenon of exaggeration and exaggeration. Some people also believe that intelligent warfare will give rise to geopolitical changes, and the traditional physical space control will be replaced by “intelligence control” with artificial intelligence as the core. This view inevitably has a tendency to virtualize cognition. To this end, intelligent warfare should be rationally studied and understood using scientific methodology and epistemology.

System theory perspective. Intelligent warfare is an advanced stage of information warfare, and is essentially still a system confrontation based on information systems. Whether it is human-machine collaborative operations, real-time perception of the entire battlefield, or brain-machine integrated decision-making, the characteristics it exhibits are all conscious behaviors of the various elements of the military system with “winning the war” as the ultimate goal. The understanding of military intelligence cannot stop at “technology-only theory” and “weapon-only theory”, but should focus on the mutual connection and action characteristics between the various elements of the military system, and explore its triggering mechanism, internal laws and implementation path.

Global thinking. Qian Xuesen believes that war is an organic whole composed of many parts and cannot be separated. In all human social practices, there is no activity that emphasizes the global concept and the overall concept more than directing war, and emphasizes starting from the overall situation, using all forces rationally, and ultimately achieving the overall final effect. This is true for directing war and studying war. Intelligent warfare not only refers to the intelligence of weapons and equipment, but also includes a series of intelligence such as intelligence analysis, command and control, military training, and logistics support. Only by conducting all-round research and thinking on the relevant elements can we have a global understanding of intelligent warfare. Global thinking also requires us to consider military intelligence in the context of achieving the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era and the overall national strategy, and to grasp the dialectical relationship between short-term and long-term, key and urgent needs, and actual military needs and overall military modernization.

Engineering design. To win future wars, we must have the ability to design future wars. We should use engineering thinking to classify and plan the operational concepts, operational styles, and force use of future intelligent warfare, and put forward practical military needs, phased development goals, and methods based on the current development stage of our army and targeting powerful enemies. We can follow the idea of ​​”proposing theories – developing concepts – experimental simulations – actual military exercises” to promote innovative breakthroughs in military theories based on intelligent warfare, incorporate them into operational regulations, and integrate them into actual combat training.

Avoid generalizing from a single example, and grasp the opposites of contradictions with the unity of opposites thinking

The ancients said: “The way to win or lose, to be safe or dangerous, is the way.” The “way” here includes not only the fundamental view of war, but also the speculative understanding of the laws of winning war. Intelligent warfare research should go beyond the limitations of one-sided descriptions such as “algorithmic warfare”, “unmanned warfare” and “self-adaptation”, and use dialectical thinking to fully understand and grasp the relationship between the various elements of future wars.

The relationship between people and weapons. With the widespread use of drones, unmanned combat vehicles, unmanned submarines, etc. in the military, “war between people” will be largely replaced by “war between machines”. The realization of combat means such as autonomous coordination and autonomous decision-making has reshaped the combat process, and the combat style with unmanned operations as a prominent feature has rewritten the rules of the battlefield. Despite this, the decisive role of people in war has not changed, but the way they act is significantly different from before. As Engels said, “It is people, not guns, who win the battle… Guns will not move by themselves, and they need a brave heart and a strong hand to use them.” Intelligent weapons undoubtedly play an important role in war, but the subject of war is still people, and people are always the most active factor in war. The use of intelligent weapons does not mean that the role of humans has declined, but rather that some of the functions of humans have been transferred and materialized into weapons. Weapons extend the human body and brain, and stimulate human creativity and initiative. Intelligent weapons cannot replace the important role of fighting spirit. The superposition of indestructible political beliefs, overwhelming heroism, the bloody spirit of daring to fight and win, as well as superb strategies and flexible strategies and tactics, these dynamic factors make it possible to win when the enemy and our strength are equal, and to have the possibility of defeating the strong with the weak when we are at a disadvantage.

The relationship between offense and defense. The application of artificial intelligence in the military field is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it greatly improves combat effectiveness, but on the other hand, it is also necessary to pay great attention to the potential weaknesses and loopholes of artificial intelligence. Intelligent warfare mainly relies on powerful algorithms and interconnected networks. Once they are attacked, fatal errors occur, or they are reversely controlled, the advantage may turn into a disadvantage. The U.S. Department of Defense has now established a special agency to assess the potential risks of military intelligence and countermeasures. While promoting military intelligence, we should pay special attention to strengthening information protection and risk management, and simultaneously develop “anti-artificial intelligence technology” to establish a two-way advantage of both offense and defense.

The relationship between inheritance and innovation. Artificial intelligence has promoted major changes in the war situation, but it has not changed the general sense of the war guidance rules and war winning mechanism. No matter how the future war is fought, we must not abandon or deviate from the precious war experience and theoretical guidance accumulated by our army in long-term practice. We must still adhere to the principle of “you fight yours, I fight mine”, uphold the principle of asymmetric strategic checks and balances, and attach importance to giving full play to people’s subjective initiative. On the other hand, we must follow the general trend of military reform, keep a close eye on the forefront of war development, promote military innovation with a sense of urgency and accelerate the application and transformation of results.

To prevent “focusing on technology and neglecting science”, it is necessary to promote technological and theoretical innovation by integrating science and technology.

An advanced army needs advanced military theory to guide it. The emergence of intelligent warfare is first of all due to the promotion of the new scientific and technological revolution, but it is inseparable from the scientific guidance of advanced military theory, especially Marxist military theory. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to comprehensively promote the modernization of military theory, which is an inevitable requirement for realizing the party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era, and is also the meaning of intelligent warfare research. To this end, we must conscientiously implement the development idea of ​​integrating theory and technology, and promote the simultaneous innovation of technology and theory in deepening problem research.

Conceptual integration. Modern military theories are increasingly characterized by actual combat-driven, interdisciplinary, and systemic support. To promote the integration of science and technology, we must first break through the barriers of concepts and ideas. We should adhere to the complex research approach of overall planning, system design, and system integration, based on the evolution of war forms and the actual national and military conditions and development stages, and coordinate the promotion of technological breakthroughs, concept development, tactics innovation, combat power generation and other theoretical innovations to provide scientific guidance and theoretical support for winning future wars. We should strengthen research on the winning mechanism, combat guidance, and combat style of intelligent warfare, and conduct in-depth research on the military organization form caused by intelligent warfare, especially the series of changes in organizational system, scale structure, combat organization, tactical principles, combat support, and force application, so as to make ideological and theoretical preparations for a new round of military reforms.

Integration of disciplines. Intelligent warfare research not only involves the application of artificial intelligence in the military field, but also involves multiple fields such as algorithms and materials, and multiple disciplines such as physics, chemistry, electronics, and biology, and involves a wide range of fields such as war ethics and international law. In order to achieve the integration of science and technology, technical workers are required to break away from the shackles of pure engineering thinking, establish strategic thinking and global awareness, master scientific methodology and epistemology, and use dialectical thinking to lead technology research and development. Theoretical researchers should break the boundaries of disciplines, step out of the small circle of pure academic research, actively promote the interaction between scientific research institutions and colleges, troops, and technology research and development departments, strive to achieve original results in the basic field of artificial intelligence, and enrich the theory of intelligent warfare. Make good use of data, focus on actual combat, adhere to the “three aspects”, and effectively play the leading and guiding role of theory on technology.

現代國語：

要點提示

●人工智慧運用於軍事領域是柄雙刃劍，一方面極大提高了作戰效能，另一方面也需要高度重視人工智慧潛在的弱點和漏洞。

●智慧武器的運用不表示人的作用下降了，而是人的部分功能被轉移物化在武器之中了。武器延長了人的肢體，也延伸了人的大腦，激發了人的創造性和能動性。

加速軍事智慧化發展是黨的十九大報告提出的戰略任務，是推進國防和軍隊現代化建設、實現黨在新時代的強軍目標的有力抓手，是瞄準未來戰爭形態、搶抓戰略機遇的重大舉措。在進行智慧化戰爭研究時，應堅持辯證思維，防止研究“脫實向虛”“以偏概全”“重技輕理”，科學分析智能化戰爭的特點規律，才能真正推動研究走深走實。

謹防“脫實向虛”，需用科學方法論和認識論分析問題

智慧化戰爭是透過廣泛使用智慧武器裝備及與其相適應的作戰樣式、作戰方法，在物理域和認知域進行的高度資訊化的戰爭，本質上沒有脫離資訊化戰爭範疇。近期局部戰爭中所呈現的無人化作戰趨勢，僅僅是具備了智慧化戰爭的某些特點，還遠遠不是真正意義上的智慧化戰爭。當前各界掀起一股研究人工智慧的熱潮，但某種程度上也存在著拔高和誇大的現象。還有人認為，智慧化戰爭催生地緣政治異變，傳統的實體空間制權將被以人工智慧為核心的「制智權」取代。這種觀點不免帶有認識虛化的傾向。為此，應以科學方法論、認識論來理性研究和認識智能化戰爭。

系統論視角。智能化戰爭是資訊化戰爭的高級階段，本質上仍是基於資訊系統的體系對抗，無論是人機協同作戰、戰場全局實時感知，還是腦機一體決策，其展現出的特點莫不是軍事體系諸要素以「勝戰」為終極牽引而湧現的自覺行為。對軍事智能化的認識不能停留於“唯技術論”“唯武器論”，而應著眼軍事體系諸要素間的相互聯繫和作用特性，探究其觸發機理、內在規律和實現路徑。

全局性思維。錢學森認為，戰爭是由許多部分構成的、不可分離的有機整體。在人類全部的社會實踐活動中，沒有比指導戰爭更強調全局觀念、整體觀念，更強調從全局出發，合理地使用全部力量，最終求得全局最終效果的了。指導戰爭如此，研究戰爭也是如此。智慧化戰爭不僅指武器裝備的智慧化，更包含情報研判、指揮控制、軍事​​訓練、後勤保障等一系列的智慧化，只有對有關諸要素進行全方位研究與思考，方能對智能化戰爭有全局性認識。全局性思維也要求我們將軍事智能化放在實現黨在新時代的強軍目標和國家戰略大局下通盤考量，把握短期與長期、重點與急需、現實軍事需求與整體軍事現代化的辯證關系。

工程化設計。打贏未來戰爭，必須有設計未來戰爭的能力。應運用工程化思維對未來智能化戰爭的作戰概念、作戰樣式、力量運用等進行分類規劃和層次化設計，立足我軍現有發展階段，瞄準強敵，提出切合實際的軍事需求以及階段性發展目標和方法手段。可依照「提出理論—發展概念—實驗模擬—實兵演習」的思路，推動基於智慧化作戰的軍事理論實現創新突破，進入作戰條令，融入實戰化訓練。

力避“以偏概全”，需以對立統一思維把握矛盾對立面

古人雲：“以決勝敗安危者，道也。”這裡的“道”，不僅包含對戰爭的根本看法，也包含對戰爭制勝規律的思辨性認識。智慧化戰爭研究應超越「演算法戰」「無人化」「自適應」等片面所描述的限制，以辯證思維完整理解與掌握未來戰爭各要素間的相互關系。

人與武器的關系。隨著無人飛機、無人戰車、無人潛艇等在軍事上的廣泛運用，「人與人的戰爭」將在很大程度上被「機器與機器的戰爭」所取代，自主協同、自主決策等作戰手段的實現使作戰流程得以重塑，以無人化為突顯標志的作戰樣式使戰場規則重新改寫。盡管如此，人在戰爭中的決定性作用並未改變，只是作用方式與以往相比出現重大不同。正如恩格斯所稱，「贏得戰鬥勝利的是人而不是槍……槍是不會自己動的，需要有勇敢的心和強有力的手來使用它。」智能武器在戰爭中無疑發揮重要作用，但戰爭主體依舊是人，人永遠是戰爭中最活躍的因素。智慧武器的運用不顯示人的作用下降了，而是人的部分功能被轉移物化在武器之中了。武器延長了人的肢體，也延伸了人的大腦，激發了人的創造性和能動性。智慧武器也無法取代戰鬥精神的重要角色。堅不可摧的政治信念、壓倒一切的英雄氣概、敢打必勝的血性精神，以及高超的謀略和靈活的戰略戰術，這些能動性因素的疊加，使在敵我實力相當時有製勝的把握，在居於劣勢時有以弱勝強的可能。

進攻與防禦的關系。人工智慧運用於軍事領域是柄雙刃劍，一方面極大提高了作戰效能，另一方面也需要高度重視人工智慧潛在的弱點和漏洞。智慧化戰爭主要依賴強大的演算法和互聯互通的網絡，一旦受到攻擊、出現致命錯誤或遭反向控制，優勢將可能轉化為劣勢。美國國防部目前已成立專門機構，評估軍事智慧化的潛在風險及應對措施。在推動軍事智慧化的同時，我們應特別注意加強資訊防護和風險管控，同步發展“反人工智慧技術”，以確立攻防兼備的雙向優勢。

傳承與創新的關系。人工智慧推動戰爭形態發生重大變化，但並未改變一般意義上的戰爭指導規律和戰爭制勝機理。不管未來戰爭怎麼打，都不能丟棄或偏離我軍在長期實踐中積累的寶貴戰爭經驗和理論指導，仍要堅持“你打你的，我打我的”，秉持非對稱戰略制衡原則，重視發揮人的主觀能動性。另一方面，要順應軍事變革大勢，緊盯戰爭發展前沿，以時不我待的緊迫感推動軍事創新並加快成果應用轉化。

防止“重技輕理”，需以理技融合推動技術與理論創新

先進的軍隊需要先進的軍事理論作指導。智能化戰爭的出現首先源自於新科技革命的推動，但離不開先進軍事理論尤其是馬克思主義軍事理論的科學指導。黨的十九大報告提出要全面推進軍事理論現代化，這是實現黨在新時代的強軍目標的必然要求，也是智慧化戰爭研究的題中之義。為此，要認真貫徹好理技融合的發展思路，在深化問題研究中推動技術與理論同步創新。

觀念融合。現代軍事理論日益呈現出實戰牽引、學科交叉、體系支撐的特徵，要推動理技融合，首先需要打破觀念和思想藩籬，應秉持整體謀劃、體系設計、系統集成的複合型研究思路，立足戰爭形態演變與國情軍情實際與發展階段，協調推進技術突破、概念研發、戰法革新、戰鬥力生成等多面向理論創新，為打贏未來戰爭提供科學引領與理論支撐。應加強研究智能化戰爭的製勝機理、作戰指導、作戰樣式，深入研究智能化戰爭引發的軍隊組織形態，尤其是組織體制、規模結構、戰鬥編成、戰術原則、作戰保障、力量運用等方面的系列變化，為迎接新一輪軍事變革做好思想與理論準備。

學科融合。智慧化戰爭研究不僅涉及人工智慧在軍事領域的運用，還涉及演算法、材料等多領域和物理、化學、電子、生物等多學科，涉及戰爭倫理、國際法等廣泛領域。為實現理技融合，要求技術工作者要擺脫單純工程思維的羈絆，樹立戰略思維和全局意識，熟練掌握科學方法論和認識論，用辯證思維統領技術研發。理論研究者要打破學科界限，走出純學術研究的小圈子，積極推動科研機構與院校、部隊、技術研發部門的互動，力爭在人工智慧基礎領域取得原創性成果，同時豐富智能化戰爭理論。善用數據說話，向實戰聚焦，堅持“三個面向”，切實發揮理論對技術的引領和指導作用。

來源：解放軍報 作者：馬榮升 責任編輯：楊一楠 2019-07-04 14:xx

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4845177.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #中國的耗散戰, #中國軍事人工智慧武器化, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, Intelligent Warfare, 中國太空軍, 中國支持認知對抗的軍事決策與觀點, 中國的情報戰, 中國的耗散戰, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事分析:認知域作戰的特徵與發展趨勢, 中國軍事應用與比特幣在未來戰爭中的應用, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍事認知域作戰的重點是什麼、重點在哪裡？, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰, 中國軍隊聚焦認知域戰是主攻戰場對抗的新著力點, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 元宇宙, 國家網絡空間安全戰略, 新軍事變革, 智慧戰爭, 美國軍事網絡戰：黑客入侵防禦成為無菸的戰爭, 解放軍展望未來戰爭發展, 認知域戰, 認知域戰, 認知域操作, 認知對抗, 認知戰, 認知領域操作, 資料來源：中國外交部, 贏得現代戰爭認知領域作戰的關鍵, 軍事多域作戰, 軍事認知戰, 軍隊「三化」融合聚焦探索戰力生成, 軍隊要突顯「高品質」、實現「提速」, 非對稱戰爭, 馬賽克戰

Chinese Military Combat Deception on the Intelligent Battlefield

Leave a comment

中國軍隊在智慧戰場上進行作戰欺騙

現代英語：

It is easy to break the “fog” of the battlefield, but it is difficult to break the “obsession” in your heart——

Since ancient times, achieving surprise through combat deception has been an important way to win on the battlefield. Entering the era of intelligence, the in-depth application of artificial intelligence technology has not only clearly dispelled the original war “fog”, but also created a large amount of new war “fog”. If we only rely on improving deception techniques and means, and simply superimposing and strengthening the traditional deception paradigm, it will become increasingly difficult to achieve the deception goal. From “smart deception” to “smart victory”, there is an urgent need for an overall transformation of the objects of deception, means of deception, methods of deception, and focus of deception, so as to form a new deception paradigm that meets the requirements of the intelligent era.

The target of deception has shifted from humans to human-machine hybrid agents

Clausewitz believed that three-quarters of the factors on which war is based are more or less surrounded by the “fog” of uncertainty. Combat deception is essentially the use of uncertainty in war. The more “fog” there is in war, the more room there is for maneuvering. Traditional combat deception is carried out around the opponent’s decision-making level, and people are the only target of deception. However, with the increasingly prominent role of intelligent intelligence analysis and auxiliary decision-making systems in command activities, the use of deception to achieve strategic, campaign, and tactical surprises faces major challenges. How to deceive human-machine hybrid intelligent entities composed of humans and intelligent systems has become an important factor that needs to be considered when planning and implementing deception in the intelligent era. The competition surrounding intelligent deception and anti-deception is becoming increasingly fierce.

There is a world of difference between deceiving people and deceiving intelligent systems. In the past, the “calculations” that deceived people may be exposed when facing the “calculations” of intelligent systems. Intelligent systems can efficiently integrate and process massive amounts of sensor data and Internet open source information, making a qualitative leap in the speed, depth, breadth and accuracy of battlefield situation perception, realizing a profound transformation from “sensing” to “knowing”, from “state” to “momentum”, and playing an important role in dispelling the “fog” of war. For example, on the battlefield, although both sides try to hide the truth and cover up their intentions in various ways, they still cannot escape the “eyes” of the intelligent system: the tracks left by carefully disguised tanks and armored vehicles, after being detected by the opponent’s satellites, drones, etc., will also reveal their specific locations under the analysis of the intelligent system.

On the contrary, it is very easy to deceive intelligent systems with methods that target them, but it may not be able to deceive people. A foreign research team found that by changing a few key pixels in a picture of a cat, the intelligent system can identify the cat as a dog, while the human eye will not make any recognition errors due to this change. Similar incidents are common. Some studies have pointed out that sticking a piece of paper with a special pattern on a person’s forehead can deceive the strongest facial recognition system, and this method is highly portable and can deceive other facial recognition algorithms with a slight change.

It can be seen that deceiving people and deceiving intelligent systems are two different “deception methods”. After the deep application of artificial intelligence in the field of intelligence analysis and auxiliary decision-making, from the formulation of strategic deception plans to the design of battlefield camouflage patterns, how to deceive both the human brain and the computer and keep the human-machine hybrid intelligent body “in the dark” will be an important issue that needs to be focused on and solved in order to win the initiative in war.

The fraudulent methods have shifted from being mainly human-based to a combination of human and machine.

The organization and implementation of traditional combat deception is mainly manual, especially large-scale strategic deception, which requires a lot of manpower, material and financial resources. For example, in World War II, the Allies formulated a series of deception plans to ensure the success of the Normandy landing: setting up a fake radio network and a simulated landing fleet, and imagining that the US 1st Army Group with 50 divisions and 1 million people was actively preparing to cross the channel and land in the direction of Calais; using the air force to bomb Calais and Normandy, but the former was bombed more than 1 times more than the latter, etc. The application of artificial intelligence in deception can fundamentally change this situation. With humans as the main guide and intelligent means as the auxiliary, it can quickly generate massive amounts of false information, confusing the real with the fake, and create a thicker war “fog” for the opponent.

The use of intelligent means can improve the quality of deception. On the one hand, intelligent decision-making aids can be used to formulate deception plans, optimize the design of deception forces, deception deployment, deception processes, etc., to achieve systematic deception with the best overall effect; on the other hand, intelligent intelligence analysis systems can be used to pre-test the deception effect, “using one’s own spear to attack one’s own shield”, find out the loopholes and contradictions in the plan, and then improve the deception plan to make it logically self-consistent and seamless.

The use of intelligent means can expand the scale of deception. The increasingly mature deep fake technology can synthesize realistic fake pictures, handwriting, audio, video, etc. in large quantities, and has broad application prospects in strategic, campaign, and tactical deception. For example, in strategic campaign deception, corresponding technical means can be used to confuse opponents by forging fake radio stations and fake commanders, and even to fake an active command post in a certain battle direction; in tactical deception, battlefield camouflage can be used to attach special patterns to high-value equipment to make the opponent’s intelligent system recognize it incorrectly.

The use of intelligent means can reduce the cost of deception. With the support of technologies such as virtual reality and deep fakes, unexpected deception effects can often be achieved with the help of synthetic optics, acoustics and other means, and they are low-cost and low-investment, which is more cost-effective than traditional strategic deception methods. For example, setting up false targets such as bait unmanned combat platforms, using electronic feints and electronic camouflage to send false signals can effectively restrain the opponent’s power, produce high returns at low cost, and thus gain the upper hand.

The use of intelligent means can optimize the accuracy of deception. Traditional combat deception is usually stereotyped, with prominent characteristics of broadcast, extensive, and generalized. For this reason, in the era of intelligence, we should focus on collecting data on opponent decision makers in peacetime and use big data for precise analysis to “know the enemy” more deeply and specifically. On this basis, deep fake technology can be used in wartime to customize the content of deception, realizing precise deception from targeting groups to targeting individuals.

The method of deception has shifted from mainly deceiving to mainly confusing and seducing.

“Playing cards” and “playing chess” are two game modes with completely different battlefield transparency. In the “playing cards” mode, both sides only know the cards that the opponent has played, but do not know the cards in the opponent’s hand, let alone what cards the opponent will play next; while in the “playing chess” mode, the deployment of both sides’ forces on the chessboard is completely transparent, but the opponent’s intentions and the next move are unknown. It is not difficult to see that from cold weapon wars, hot weapon wars, mechanized wars, informationized wars, and then to intelligent wars, the form of war confrontation is increasingly changing from the “playing cards” mode to the “playing chess” mode.

In a war of “playing cards”, blind deception is very useful. Through strict disguise and strict confidentiality, the opponent’s channels of information can be blocked as much as possible, making it impossible for the opponent to detect one’s own intentions and actions, thereby achieving surprise. In the past, when the means of obtaining information were limited and information on the battlefield situation was scarce, there were many examples of wars that used “hiding the truth” and “showing falsehood” to achieve surprise. However, at present, with the help of advanced reconnaissance technology, full-dimensional and full-spectrum reconnaissance has been realized, and the battlefield is becoming more and more transparent. Complete concealment without any revealing features is difficult to achieve. Once the concealment state is switched to the action state, the probability of being discovered by the opponent will be greatly increased. Blind deception can only become an auxiliary deception method.

In the war of “chess”, the following two deception methods are usually used: one is confusing deception, that is, using intelligent means to send a large amount of true and false mixed and difficult to identify information, increasing the ambiguity of information and the difficulty of analysis, making it difficult for the opponent to judge or misjudge. The second is inducement deception, that is, by sending high-definition misleading information, the opponent is led into a preset trap. The combination of these two methods and the cooperation of blinding deception together constitute a hybrid deception that is difficult for the opponent to guard against.

The focus of deception shifts from human perception to human cognition

As the main subject of war, people are important variables that influence the war situation, which implies uncertainty and uncontrollability. From the perspective of psychology, cognitive neurology and other aspects, the “black box” of the mind still cannot be revealed. Deception by deception targets people’s eyes and ears, taking advantage of human sensory weaknesses, while deception by deception and temptation directly targets people’s minds, taking advantage of human weaknesses.

From past cases, even with the most advanced intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance technology and the most intelligent analysis methods, it is impossible to make up for and overcome human weaknesses. In many cases, it is not that the intelligence department failed to recognize the opponent’s deception, but that the decision-makers are unwilling to believe the facts. On the eve of the Soviet-German War in World War II, although more and more evidence showed that Germany was planning to invade the Soviet Union, the Soviet decision-makers believed that the war would not come for the time being. Therefore, when the war broke out, the Soviet army was not well prepared for the response, and the initial defensive actions were very passive.

War practice shows that in the era of intelligence, even if the opponent has obvious military technology advantages and can achieve one-way transparency on the battlefield through advanced intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance technology, the enemy can still take advantage of the cognitive weaknesses of the opponent’s decision-making layer to implement counter-intuitive deception and cover up the true intentions and actions. This also shows that the focus and center of deception in the era of intelligence should not be entirely on how to deliberately cover up the traces of military actions, but should focus more on targeting the opponent’s decision-making layer and inducing it to make decisions and actions that the enemy wants to see.

Yuan Yi Zhao Di

(Author’s unit: Institute of War Studies, Academy of Military Science)

現代國語：

破戰場“迷霧”易，破心中“執念”難——

袁 藝 趙 頔

自古以來，透過作戰欺騙達成突然性，是戰場制勝的重要途徑。進入智慧化時代，人工智慧技術的深度應用，在清晰撥開原有戰爭「迷霧」的同時，又製造出大量新的戰爭「迷霧」。如果只依賴改進欺騙技術和手段，在傳統欺騙範式上做簡單的疊加強化，就想達成欺騙目標的難度越來越大。由“智騙”到“智勝”，迫切需要欺騙對象、欺騙手段、欺騙方式、欺騙重心等各個方面的整體轉變，形成適應智能化時代要求的新型欺騙範式。

欺騙對象由人轉向人機混合智能體

克勞塞維茨認為，戰爭所依據的四分之三的因素或多或少被不確定性的「迷霧」包圍著。作戰欺騙本質上就是對戰爭中不確定性的利用，戰爭「迷霧」越多，施計用謀的空間就越大。傳統作戰欺騙都是圍繞著對方決策層而展開的，人是欺騙的唯一對象。但隨著智慧情報分析與輔助決策系統在指揮活動中的地位作用日益凸顯，以欺騙達成戰略、戰役、戰術突然性面臨重大挑戰。如何欺騙人與智慧系統共同組成的人機混合智能體，成為智能化時代籌劃實施欺騙需要考慮的重要因素，圍繞智能欺騙與反欺騙的較量日趨激烈。

欺騙人與欺騙智慧系統有著天壤之別，以往欺騙人的「算計」在面對智慧系統的「計算」時可能會被識破。智慧型系統可高效融合處理海量的傳感器數據和互聯網開源信息，使得戰場態勢感知的速度、深度、廣度和精度產生質的飛躍，實現由“感”到“知”、由“態”到“勢”的深刻轉變，在撥開戰爭「迷霧」方面發揮重要作用。例如，戰場上盡管交戰雙方都試圖用各種方法隱藏真相、掩蓋企圖，但仍逃不出智能係統的「慧眼」：精心偽裝的坦克、裝甲車等留下的車轍痕跡，被對方衛星、無人機等偵照後，在智慧型系統的分析下也會暴露出具體位置。

相反，針對智慧型系統的欺騙方式欺騙智慧系統非常容易，但可能又欺騙不了人。國外研究團隊發現，只要改變一隻貓的圖片中的少數幾個關鍵像素，就可以使智慧系統將貓識別為狗，而人眼則完全不會因這種變化而出現識別錯誤。類似的事件屢見不鮮，有研究指出，在人類前額上貼一張有特殊圖案的紙片，就能夠騙過最強的人臉識別系統，且這一方法具有很強的可移植性，稍加改變就可以欺騙其他的人臉識別演算法。

由此可見，欺騙人與欺騙智慧系統是兩種不同的「騙法」。人工智慧深度應用於情報分析與輔助決策領域後，大到戰略欺騙方案的製定，小到戰場迷彩圖案的設計，如何既騙過人腦又騙過電腦，把人機混合智能體「蒙在鼓裡”，將會是贏得戰爭主動權需要重點關注並加以解決的重要課題。

欺騙手段由人工為主轉向人機結合

傳統作戰欺騙的組織實施以人工為主，尤其是大規模的戰略欺騙，需要投入大量的人力物力財力。例如，二戰時盟軍為確保諾曼底登陸成功，制定了一系列疑兵計畫：建立假的無線電網和模擬登陸艦隊，虛構有50個師100萬人的美第1集團軍群，正在積極準備橫渡海峽向加萊方向登陸；使用空軍對加萊和諾曼底進行轟炸，但前者遭到的轟炸比後者多1倍以上等等。人工智慧運用於欺騙可從根本上改變這一局面，以人為主導輔以智能手段，可快速生成海量虛假信息，以假亂真，給對手製造更加濃厚的戰爭“迷霧”。

運用智慧手段可提升欺騙品質。一方面，可運用智慧輔助決策手段訂定欺騙計畫，優化設計欺騙力量、欺騙部署、欺騙流程等，實現全局效果最佳的體系化欺騙；另一方面，可運用智慧情報分析系統預先檢驗欺騙效果， “以己之矛攻己之盾”，找出計劃中的漏洞和矛盾點，進而完善欺騙計劃，使其邏輯自洽、嚴絲合縫。

運用智慧手段可擴大欺騙規模。日益成熟的深度偽造技術，可大量合成逼真的虛假圖片、筆跡、音頻、視頻等，在戰略、戰役、戰術欺騙中有著廣泛的應用前景。例如，在戰略戰役欺騙方面，可透過相應技術手段，偽造假電台、假指揮員等迷惑對手，甚至能夠在某一戰役方向偽造一個活躍的指揮所；在戰術欺騙方面，可通過戰場偽裝，給高價值裝備貼上特製圖案，使對手的智慧系統識別出錯。

運用智慧手段可降低欺騙成本。在虛擬現實、深度偽造等技術的支持下，借助合成光學、聲學等手段往往也能達到意想不到的欺騙效果，並且兼具低成本、小投入的特點，相比傳統戰略欺騙方式具有高效費比優勢。如設置誘餌無人作戰平台等假目標，運用電子佯動、電子偽裝等施放假信號，都能夠有效牽制對手力量，以低成本產出高回報，從而贏得制勝先機。

運用智慧手段可優化欺騙精度。傳統作戰欺騙通常千篇一律，廣播式、粗放式、概略化特點比較突出。為此，智能化時代，平時就應注重廣泛收集對手決策者數據，並運用大數據進行精確分析，以更加深刻更加具體地「知彼」。在此基礎上，戰時就可運用深度偽造技術個性化客製化欺騙內容，實現由針對群體到瞄準個體的精準欺騙。

欺騙方式由以蒙蔽為主轉向以迷惑、誘導為主

「打牌」和「下棋」是戰場透明度截然不同的兩種賽局模式。 「打牌」模式中，雙方都只知道對手已出的牌，但不知道對手手中的牌，更不知道下一步對手會出什麼牌；而「下棋」模式中，棋盤上雙方兵力部署完全透明，但不知道對手企圖和下一步棋怎麼走。不難看出，從冷兵器戰爭、熱兵器戰爭、機械化戰爭到資訊化戰爭，再到智慧化戰爭，戰爭對抗形式日益由「打牌」模式轉變為「下棋」模式。

在「打牌」模式的戰爭中，蒙蔽式欺騙非常管用，可通過嚴密偽裝和嚴格保密，盡可能地封鎖對手的獲情渠道，使其無法察覺己方企圖和行動，進而達成突然性。在過去資訊獲取手段有限、戰場態勢資訊匱乏的年代，主用「隱真」輔以「示假」達成突然性的戰例很多。但當前，憑借先進偵察技術，已經實現了全維全譜偵察，戰場透明化程度越來越高，無任何暴露特徵的完全隱蔽已難以實現，而一旦由隱蔽狀態轉入行動狀態，更會大大增加被對手發現的機率，蒙蔽式欺騙只能成為輔助欺騙手段。

在「下棋」模式的戰爭中，通常採用以下兩種欺騙方式：一是迷惑式欺騙，即藉助智能手段，發出大量真假混雜、難以辨認的信息，增大信息模糊度和分析難度，使對手難以判斷或判斷失誤。二是誘導式欺騙，即透過發出高清晰誤導訊息，將對手引入預設陷阱。兩種方式結合再加上蒙蔽式欺騙的配合，共同構成了對手難以防範的混合式欺騙。

欺騙重心由人的感知轉向人的認知

作為戰爭的主體，人是左右戰局的重要變量，蘊含著不確定性和不可控性。從心理學、認知神經學等層面來看，心智的「黑箱」仍然無法揭開。蒙蔽式欺騙針對的是人的耳目，利用的是人類感官弱點，而迷惑式和誘導式欺騙直指人的心智，利用的是人性弱點。

從以往案例來看，即使擁有最先進的情報監視偵察技術和最聰明化的分析手段，也無法彌補和克服人性弱點。很多情況下，不是情報部門沒有辨識出對手的欺騙，而是決策層不願意相信事實。在第二次世界大戰蘇德戰爭前夕，盡管當時越來越多的證據表明，德國正計劃入侵蘇聯，但蘇聯決策層認為戰爭暫時不會來臨，所以當戰爭爆發時，沒有做好應對準備的蘇軍，前期的防禦行動非常被動。

戰爭實踐表明，進入智能化時代，即使對手擁有明顯的軍事技術優勢，能夠通過先進的情報監視偵察技術達成戰場單向透明，但己方仍可利用對手決策層的認知弱點，實施反直覺欺騙，掩蓋真實意圖和行動。這也表明，智能化時代欺騙的發力點和重心，不應全部放在如何刻意掩蓋軍事行動痕跡上，而應更加註重針對對手決策層，誘導其作出己方希望看到的決策行動。

（作者單位：軍事科學院戰爭研究院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/szb_223187/szbxq/index.html?paperName=jfjb&paperDate=2024-08-13&paperNumber=07&articleid=937433

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #新興戰爭技術, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國的情報戰, 中國的耗散戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事分析:認知域作戰的特徵與發展趨勢, 中國軍事應用與比特幣在未來戰爭中的應用, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍事認知域作戰的重點是什麼、重點在哪裡？, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

China’s Military Accelerating Integrated Development of Mechanization, Informatization and Intelligentization

Leave a comment

我軍加速機械化、資訊化、智慧化融合發展

中国军网 国防部网

2020年11月25日 星期三

現代英語：

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee made new and comprehensive arrangements for national defense and military construction, aimed at achieving the goal of the centenary of the founding of the army, and clearly put forward the contemporary requirements and strategic measures for accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. Forging ahead on a new journey, focusing on accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, seizing opportunities, responding to challenges, and taking advantage of the situation are of great significance for accelerating the modernization of national defense and the army and comprehensively improving the ability to prepare for war in the new era.

Recognize the necessity of accelerating the integration of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

Those who follow the trend will win, and those who control the trend will prevail. At present, the new round of scientific and technological revolution is showing a strong trend of intelligent technology leading the way, pushing the world’s new military revolution to develop in depth. The trend of intelligent weapons and equipment is obvious, and the superposition and aggregation effect with mechanization and informatization is prominent. The war form is accelerating from mechanization to informatization, entering the stage of giving birth to intelligent warfare. It is the development and change of the times that has made the acceleration of the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence become the general trend and powerful driving force for promoting the in-depth development of military transformation, and the inevitable choice to ensure winning the initiative, winning advantages and winning the future.

Comply with the trend of the world’s military revolution. At present, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology is increasingly having a subversive impact on the field of war and combat. Seizing the strategic commanding heights of artificial intelligence and accelerating the development of artificial intelligence militarization and practical combat have become the strategic frontiers of military competition among major countries in the world. Increasing the intensity of military application of artificial intelligence technology, realizing the deep transformation and comprehensive upgrading of mechanized and informationized combat equipment, embedding artificial intelligence systems into the informationized combat command chain and action chain, and making the combat force organization more modular and integrated through intelligent transformation are the common practices of the world’s military powers in seeking new military advantages. Whether it is possible to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, especially to fully release the efficiency expansion of intelligence on mechanization and informatization, so that platform operations, system operations and precision operations can obtain higher quality and efficient intelligent support, is undoubtedly a key to whether the strategic initiative of military competition can be firmly grasped.

The need to comprehensively improve the level of modernization. Modernization has a distinct timeliness, and the requirements of the times are the key measure to measure the degree of modernization of a country and an army. Today, we are entering a stage where intelligence is the core driving force of change. The integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is not only an important symbol of the level of modernization of the country and the army, but also a fundamental measure to promote the modernization of national defense and the army. To accelerate the modernization of military theory, military organizational form, military personnel and weapons and equipment, we need to obtain a powerful engine and support for reform and innovation, transformation and upgrading, quality improvement and efficiency increase from the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, and in a certain sense, it plays an important role in determining the direction, mode and path of modernization. Only by accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, and making it run through all aspects of the whole process of promoting modernization, and promoting quality change, efficiency change and power change from a high starting point, can we comprehensively improve the level of national defense and military modernization.

The need to accelerate the transformation of combat effectiveness generation mode. The generation of combat effectiveness, from the combination of people and weapons to the element structure and the way of force release, has its mandatory era orientation and positioning. With the advent of the era of intelligent warfare, unmanned intelligent warfare has become a key factor affecting the direction of the war and even the outcome of the war. Intelligent technology and equipment have become a multiplier of mechanized and informationized combat effectiveness. Accelerating the development of military intelligence has become the strategic focus of improving the combat capability of the system and building new domains and new qualities of combat forces, making the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness increasingly dependent on the level of integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. Only by incorporating the transformation of combat effectiveness generation mode into the track of integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, building an intelligent and networked combat command platform, forming a human-machine efficient collaborative combat force use method, and making “smart victory” the core direction of combat theory innovation and combat method transformation, can combat effectiveness construction achieve substantial breakthroughs and overall leaps.

Grasp the requirements of the times to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

Accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is a new proposition of the times. Grasping its requirements of the times from the perspective of its essential connotation, mode of action and basic laws is an important prerequisite for ensuring that the integrated development has a clear direction, accurate positioning, clear ideas and practical measures.

Grasp the essential connotation of integrated development. Mechanization, informatization and intelligentization are integrated and developed, with mechanization as the foundation, informatization as the leading factor and intelligence as the direction. The so-called integrated development is to form an integrated and unified promotion pattern, build an integrated design, and gather the best and release the energy operation mode, and produce an overall effect of superposition aggregation and quality and efficiency doubling. This deep integrated development is mainly reflected in: taking cognitive integration as the guide, having a scientific understanding of the advantages of firepower, mobility, information power and intellectual value, and establishing the operational concept of comprehensive control, comprehensive integration and comprehensive victory; relying on platform integration, building a combat platform integrating main combat equipment, information network and artificial intelligence, and improving the comprehensive combat capability of full-domain, precise and unmanned; taking system integration as the core, through the embedded transformation of weapon equipment system and information network system by artificial intelligence system, the overall potential of combat force and combat elements is demonstrated with higher quality and level of system integration; with system integration as the support, coordinating the construction of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, coordinating the construction of combat force and support guarantee force, and creating an integrated joint combat system that adapts to the needs of actual combat.

Grasp the role of integrated development. The integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is a process of showing their strengths, interacting with each other and promoting each other. It is a process of aggregating equipment advantages, information advantages and intelligence advantages. Its role is mainly reflected in: strengthening the leading role of intelligence, focusing on accelerating the development of military intelligence, insisting on using intelligence to drive the leapfrog development of mechanization and informatization, taking intelligence as the core direction of the development of weapons and equipment and information network construction, increasing the research and development of unmanned and autonomous weapons and equipment, and improving the intelligent application, intelligent management and control, and intelligent operation level of information networks, and giving full play to the maximum effect of controlling energy with intelligence, gathering excellence with intelligence, and winning with intelligence; strengthening the leading role of informatization, grasping the information network system as a handle, accelerating the construction of command information systems and information combat systems, using the advantages of information technology to upgrade and transform existing weapons and equipment, and developing precise, intelligent, integrated, and efficient informationized weapons and equipment, and maximizing the adhesion and integration of information networks on combat systems and effectiveness; strengthening the basic role of mechanization, insisting on taking the mechanization of weapons and equipment as the material basis and carrier for the development of intelligence and informatization, strengthening the construction of weapons and equipment systems, and working hard to fill the gaps in the system and make up for the shortcomings and weaknesses, greatly improving the application level of information technology and intelligent technology in weapons and equipment, and enhancing the scientificity, pertinence, and cutting-edge nature of equipment construction and development.

Grasp the basic laws of integrated development. Mechanization, informatization and intelligence are inevitably closely linked, and together they constitute the key support for the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. The basic laws of integrated development are mainly manifested in: the progressive nature of development and change, which reflects the different historical stages of the evolution of war forms, changes in combat methods, and the development of weapons and equipment in the time sequence; in terms of interaction, the former is the premise and foundation of the latter (for example, mechanization is the foundation and premise of informatization, and informatization is the foundation and premise of intelligence), and the latter is the development trend and higher potential of the former. With the long-term nature of overlapping and coexisting, the former will produce a marginal diminishing effect when it develops to a certain stage, and the latter needs to inject new momentum and vitality into it, but the latter is not a negation or end of the former, but a repositioning and orientation of the former. What needs to be achieved is the “three-in-one” inclusiveness, rather than the “three-choice” mutual exclusion. It has inclusive complementarity. Mechanization focuses on entities, informatization focuses on data, and intelligence focuses on algorithms. The stronger the foundation of the former, the greater the degree of realization of the latter; the stronger the traction of the latter, the faster the upgrading of the former. It has the empowerment of improving quality and efficiency. Weapon platforms need information networks to empower them, and weapon platforms and information networks need artificial intelligence to empower them. This is a process of optimization and upgrading, improving quality and efficiency, and achieving a new leap in combat effectiveness, quality and efficiency.

Tighten the strategic grasp to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

To accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, we should plan, act and follow the trend, focus on combat effectiveness as the only fundamental standard, continuously promote the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and realize the party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era.

We should focus on preparing for war. Wars change with the times, and victory changes with the times. We should take accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence as an important mission topic to comprehensively improve the ability to prepare for war in the new era. Focus on mission tasks, focus on the new requirements for winning modern wars, conduct in-depth research on the winning mechanism and changes in combat methods brought about by the evolution of war forms, grasp the new characteristics of the informationized and intelligent battlefield, actively explore new tactics for using and responding to intelligent weapons, and improve the informationized and intelligent combat capabilities; focus on transformation and construction, accelerate the transformation of combat effectiveness generation to informatization and intelligence, take military intelligent construction and combat as the main line, accelerate the construction of new domains and new types of combat forces, increase the training of informationized and intelligent talents, and strive to achieve the overall reshaping of combat forces and combat systems; focus on training with war, actively explore new ways of informationized and intelligent training, examine future battlefields and combat opponents from the perspective of “smart war” and “smart victory”, enhance the pertinence of mission topics and emergency response training, use intelligent technology to improve the level of science and technology training, and promote practical training to a higher quality level.

We must focus on deepening reform. Reform is a key move to strengthen the army and win the future. We must accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence as an important focus of deepening national defense and military reform. We must insist on seeking combat effectiveness from reform, focus on the prominent characteristics of the army’s lean, integrated, miniaturized, modular, and multi-functional nature in the intelligent era, design reforms with a forward-looking, innovative, and open mind, establish a smooth and efficient leadership, command, and support mechanism, further integrate force resources, streamline the construction and management mechanism, and optimize the organizational structure. Adapting to the requirements of being able to fight and win battles, we must build a strategic and campaign command system that is integrated in peacetime and wartime, operates normally, specializes in the main business, is lean and efficient, and build a joint combat force system with elite combat forces as the main body, promote the development of the force organization in the direction of enrichment, synthesis, multi-functionality, and flexibility, implement modular organization, building block combination, and task-based joint, build a force with multiple capabilities and broad adaptability, and promote the overall leap in combat effectiveness through system structure optimization and reconstruction.

We should stick to the support point of innovation-driven development. Innovation is the core support for the development of combat effectiveness. We should accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence as the focus of implementing the innovation-driven development strategy. We should seek breakthroughs in the innovation of combat theory, closely follow the development trend of military revolution and the recent wars in the world, study the development and application of high-tech, especially intelligent technology and its impact on war, study the new characteristics, new styles and new mechanisms of intelligent warfare, study the winning strategies of intelligent warfare and combat, and accelerate the construction of a combat theory system with the characteristics of our army and in line with the laws of modern warfare. We should seek breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation, focus on independent innovation and original innovation in national defense science and technology, take the military application of high-tech, especially artificial intelligence technology, as the main direction, accelerate the implementation of major strategic projects in national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment, accelerate the development of strategic, cutting-edge and disruptive technologies, accelerate the upgrading and replacement of weapons and equipment and the development of intelligent weapons and equipment, strive to achieve the transformation from following and running side by side to running side by side and leading, and provide stronger scientific and technological support for the transformation and construction of our army’s combat effectiveness.

(Author’s unit: Joint Operations College of National Defense University)

現代國語：

黨的十九屆五中全會對國防和軍隊建設作出新的全面部署，著眼實現建軍百年奮鬥目標，明確提出加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展的時代要求和戰略舉措。奮進新征程，聚力加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，搶抓機遇，應對挑戰，乘勢而上，對於加速國防和軍隊現代化、全面提高新時代備戰打仗能力具有極其重要的意義。

認清加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展的時代必然性

順勢者贏，駕馭者勝。目前，新一輪科技革命呈現智慧化技術強勁引領的態勢，推動世界新軍事革命向縱深發展，武器裝備智慧化趨勢明顯、與機械化資訊化的疊加聚合效應凸顯，戰爭形態在加速由機械化向訊息化演變中，進入到催生智慧化戰爭階段。正是時代發展與變革，使加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，成為推動軍事變革深入發展的大勢所趨和強大動力，成為確保贏得主動、贏得優勢、贏得未來的必然選擇。

順應世界軍事革命潮流之需。目前，人工智慧技術正在高速發展，正日益對戰爭和作戰領域產生顛覆性影響。搶佔人工智慧戰略制高點，加速人工智慧軍事化實戰化發展，成為世界主要國家軍事競爭的戰略前線。加大人工智慧技術軍事應用的力度，實現對機械化、資訊化作戰裝備的深度改造、全面升級，把人工智慧系統嵌入資訊化作戰指揮鏈、行動鏈，透過智慧化改造使作戰力量編成更加模組化、一體化，是世界軍事大國謀求新的軍事優勢的通行做法。能否加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，特別是充分釋放智慧化對機械化、資訊化的效能拓展，讓平台作戰、體係作戰、精準作戰獲得更高質高效的智慧化支撐，無疑是能否牢牢把握軍事競爭戰略主動權的一個關鍵。

全面提升現代化建設水準之需。現代化有著鮮明的時代性，時代要求是衡量一個國家、一支軍隊現代化程度的關鍵尺度。當今時代，正進入到以智慧化為核心變革動力的階段，機械化資訊化智能化的融合發展，既是國家和軍隊現代化水平的重要標誌，也是推進國防和軍隊現代化的根本性舉措。加速軍事理論、軍隊組織形態、軍事人員和武器裝備現代化，都需從機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展中，獲得變革創新、轉型升級、提質增效的強力引擎和支撐，並在一定意義上起著決定現代化建設發展方向、發展方式、發展路徑的重要角色。只有加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，使之貫穿到推動現代化建設的全過程各環節，在高起點上推動品質變革、效率變革、動力變革，才能全面提升國防與軍事現代化建設水準。

加快轉變戰鬥力生成模式之需。戰鬥力的生成，從人與武器的結合到要素結構、力量釋放方式，都有其強制性的時代定向、定位。智慧化戰爭時代的到來，無人智慧化作戰成為影響戰局走向乃至戰爭勝負的關鍵要素，智慧化技術裝備成為機械化、資訊化作戰效能的倍增器，加速軍事智慧化發展成為提升體係作戰能力、打造新域新質作戰力量的戰略重心，使戰鬥力的生成與提升愈來愈取決於機械化資訊化智慧化的融合發展水準。只有把轉變戰鬥力生成模式納入機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的軌道，建構智慧化網路化的作戰指揮平台，形成人機高效協同的作戰力量運用方式，讓「智勝」成為作戰理論創新、作戰方式變革的核心指向，才能使戰鬥力建設取得實質突破、實現整體性躍升。

掌握加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的時代要求

加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展是一個全新的時代命題，從本質內涵、作用方式、基本規律上把握其時代要求，是確保融合發展方向明、定位準、思路清、舉措實的重要前提。

掌握融合發展本質內涵。機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，機械化是基礎，資訊化是主導，智能化是方向。所謂融合發展，就是形成融為一體、合而為一的推進格局，建構一體設計、聚優釋能的運作模式，產生疊加聚合、質效倍增的整體效應。這種深度融合發展主要體現在：以認知融合為先導，具有對火力、機動力、資訊力和智力價值優勢的科學認知，確立綜合製權、綜合整合、綜合製勝的作戰理念；以平台融合為依托，建構主戰裝備、資訊網路、人工智慧融為一體的作戰平台，提升全域化、精確化、無人化的綜合作戰能力；以系統融合為內核，透過人工智慧系統對武器裝備系統、資訊網路系統的嵌入式改造，以更高品質和水平的系統整合展現作戰力量、作戰要素的整體勢能；以體系融合為支撐，統籌機械化資訊化智能化建設，統籌作戰力量、支援保障力量建設，打造適應實戰需求的一體化聯合作戰體系。

把握融合發展作用方式。機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，是各展其長、互為作用、相互促進的過程，是聚合裝備優勢、資訊優勢、智能優勢的過程。其作用方式集中體現在：強化智能化的引領作用，聚焦加速軍事智能化發展，堅持以智能化牽引機械化、信息化跨越式發展，把智能化作為武器裝備和信息網絡建設發展的核心指向，加大研發無人化、自主化武器裝備的力度，提升資訊網路的智慧應用、智慧管控、智慧運作水平，發揮以智駕馭能、以智聚優、以智取勝的最大效應；強化資訊化的主導作用，扭住資訊網路體系這個抓手，加快指揮資訊系統、資訊作戰系統建設，運用資訊科技優勢升級改造現有武器裝備，開發精確、智慧、融通、高效的資訊化武器裝備，最大限度地發揮資訊網路對作戰體系與效能的黏合力、整合力；強化機械化的基礎作用，堅持將武器裝備機械化作為智慧化、資訊化發展的物質基礎與載體，加強武器裝備體系建設，在填補體系空白、補齊短板弱項上下功夫，大幅提升武器裝備的資訊科技、智慧技術應用水平，增強裝備建設發展的科學性、針對性、前沿性。

把握融合發展基本法則。機械化資訊化智能化之間有著必然的內在的緊密聯繫，共同構成戰鬥力生成和提升的關鍵支撐。其融合發展的基本法則主要表現在：具有發展變革的遞進性，在展開時序上，反映了戰爭形態演進、作戰方式變革、武器裝備發展的不同歷史階段；在相互作用上，前者是後者的前提和基礎（例如機械化是資訊化的基礎和前提，資訊化是智慧化的基礎和前提），後者是前者的發展趨向和更高位能。具有交疊並存的長期性，前者發展到某一階段會產生邊際遞減效應，需要後者為其註入新動能、新活力，但後者不是對前者的否定和終結，而是對前者的重新定位和定向，所要達成的是「三合一」式的兼容並蓄，而不是「三選一」式的互斥排他。具有相容且蓄的互補性，機械化以實體為重心，資訊化以數據為重心，智能化以演算法為重心，前者的基礎越牢，後者的實現程度就越大；後者的牽引作用越強，前者的升級換代就越快。具有提質增效的賦能性，武器平台需要資訊網路為其賦能，武器平台、資訊網路需要人工智慧為其賦能，這是優化升級、提質增效的過程，是實現戰鬥力品質效能新躍升的過程。

緊扭加快機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的策略性抓手

加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，應因勢而謀、應勢而動、順勢而為，緊緊圍繞以戰鬥力這個唯一的根本標準，不斷推進國防和軍隊現代化建設，實現黨在新時代的強軍目標。

扭住備戰打仗這個聚焦點。戰爭因時而化，勝戰據時而變。要把加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，作為全面提升新時代備戰打仗能力的重要使命課題。聚焦使命任務，著眼打贏現代化戰爭的新要求，深入研究戰爭形態演變帶來的致勝機理、作戰方式之變，掌握資訊化智能化戰場的新特點，積極探索運用與應對智慧武器的新戰法，提升資訊化智慧化作戰能力；聚焦轉型建設，加速推進戰鬥力生成向資訊化、智慧化轉型，以軍事智慧化建設與作戰為主線，加速新域新質作戰力量建設，加大資訊化智慧化人才的培養力度，著力實現作戰力量、作戰體系的整體重塑；聚焦以戰領訓，積極探索資訊化智慧化訓練的新路子，從「智戰」「智勝」視角審視未來戰場、作戰對手，增強使命課題、應急應戰訓練的針對性，運用智能技術提昇科技興訓水平，推動實戰化訓練向更高質量水平發展。

扭住深化改革這個著力點。改革是強軍興軍、制勝未來的關鍵一招。要把加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，作為深化國防和軍事改革的重要著力點。堅持向改革要戰力，著眼智慧時代軍隊精幹化、一體化、小型化、模組化、多能化的突出特徵，以前瞻、創新、開放的思路設計改革，建立順暢高效的領導、指揮、保障機制，進一步整合力量資源、理順建管機制、優化編成結構。適應能打仗、打勝仗的要求，建構平戰一體、常態運作、專司主營、精幹高效的戰略戰役指揮體系，建構以精銳作戰力量為主體的聯合作戰力量體系，推動部隊編成向充實、合成、多能、靈活方向發展，實行模組化編組、積木式組合、任務式聯合，打造具備多種能力和廣泛適應性的部隊，透過體系結構優化再造促進戰鬥力整體躍升。

扭住創新驅動這個支撐點。創新是戰鬥力建設發展的核心支撐力。要把加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，作為實施創新驅動發展策略的重心。在作戰理論創新上求突破，密切追蹤軍事革命發展趨勢和近期世界發生的戰爭，研究高新技術特別是智慧化技術發展運用及對戰爭的影響，研究智能化作戰的新特徵、新樣式、新機理，研究智慧化戰爭與作戰的致勝方略，加速建構具有我軍特色、符合現代戰爭規律的作戰理論體系。在科技創新上求突破，聚力國防科技自主創新、原始創新，把高新技術特別是人工智慧技術的軍事應用作為主攻方向，加速實施國防科技與武器裝備重大戰略工程，加速戰略性前沿性顛覆性技術發展，加速武器裝備升級換代和智慧化武器裝備發展，奮力實現由跟跑並跑向並跑領跑的轉變，為我軍戰鬥力轉型建設提供更強勁的科技支撐。

（作者單位：國防大學聯合作戰學院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/gfbmap/content/2020-11/25/content_276619888.htm

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國的耗散戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事應用與比特幣在未來戰爭中的應用, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 智慧戰爭, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Chinese Military Focusing on Essential Characteristics of Integrated Development of Mechanization, Informatization and Intelligentization

Leave a comment

現代英語：

Source: Liberation Army News Author: Yuan Yi, Xu Jinhua, Li Zhifei Editor-in-charge: Wang Feng 2020-12-01 10:xx:xx

introduction

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, while emphasizing the need to accelerate the modernization of national defense and the armed forces and achieve the unity of enriching the country and strengthening the military, pointed out the need to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence (hereinafter referred to as the “three modernizations”), thereby raising the requirements for the integrated development of the “three modernizations” to a strategic level. We must conscientiously implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, carry out scientific strategic positioning, strategic planning, and strategic deployment for the integrated development of the “three modernizations”, and vigorously promote the integrated development of the “three modernizations” to expand in depth and breadth. We must accurately grasp the essential connotation of the integrated development of the “three modernizations”.

The era background of the integrated development of the “three transformations”

The parallel advancement, mutual promotion and integrated development of the “three transformations” have profound historical inevitability and are the only way for our military to modernize national defense and the armed forces in the future.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” is in line with the concept of mechanization and informatization. Since the late 1990s, our army has promptly proposed to promote the integrated development of mechanization and informatization. At that time, the war situation was changing from mechanization to informatization. National defense and military construction must take the path of leapfrog development. There is no need to wait until the entire process of mechanization construction of the military of developed countries is completed before engaging in informatization. We should strive to promote the integrated development of mechanization and informatization. We must strive to leapfrog certain stages of mechanization development, and at the same time learn from the mistakes and lessons of mechanization and informatization construction of the military of developed countries, and take as few detours as possible. The experience and lessons learned from the integrated development of national defense and military mechanization and informatization provide valuable experience for how to coordinate the integrated development of the “three transformations” at this stage.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” reflects the reality of the current “multiple forms of warfare”. In today’s world, a new wave of military revolution characterized by military intelligence is sweeping across the world, and the armies of major countries in the world are striding towards the threshold of intelligence. However, due to the imbalance in the development of scientific and technological levels and military strength among countries in the world, several local wars and armed conflicts in the world have shown the characteristics of “multiple forms of warfare” of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence. In the Syrian War, low-end, cheap civilian pickup trucks danced with high-end, expensive stealth aircraft, crudely made homemade rockets and high-precision cruise missiles flew together, and the highly informationized and intelligent U.S. and Russian armies, the highly mechanized Syrian and Turkish armies, and the opposition with a very low mechanization level, jointly performed an alternative “hybrid war” on the Syrian battlefield, in which mechanized warfare, informationized warfare, and elementary intelligent warfare overlapped with each other.

The integrated development of the “three modernizations” is in line with the stage characteristics of the current national social and economic development. my country’s path to modernization is very different from that of Western developed countries. Western developed countries have a “serial” development process, with industrialization, urbanization, agricultural modernization, and informatization developing in sequence, and it took more than 200 years to develop to the current level. my country’s development must be a “parallel” process, with industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization developing in an overlapping manner. The national social and economic foundation is the basic support for national defense and military construction. It is precisely the “parallel” development characteristics of my country’s current social economy that determine that national defense and military construction must adopt the “three modernizations” integrated development mode.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” is adapted to the current level of development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence in the military. After long-term efforts, our military has basically achieved mechanization, and has made significant progress in informatization construction, but is also facing opportunities and challenges of intelligence. The special national and military conditions make it impossible and impossible for our military to copy the development path of the Western developed countries represented by the US military. “Step-by-step” development may lead to the loss of the historical opportunity of promoting intelligence to accelerate the completion of mechanization and informatization, and leading and promoting the development of mechanization and informatization to a higher stage.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that “we should accelerate the development of intelligent military and improve the joint combat capability and all-domain combat capability based on the network information system”, “basically realize mechanization by 2020, make significant progress in informatization construction, and greatly enhance strategic capabilities”, and “strive to basically realize the modernization of national defense and the army by 2035, and build the people’s army into a world-class army in an all-round way by the middle of this century.” On the eve of the August 1st Army Day this year, President Xi Jinping proposed the strategic idea of ​​”accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence” when presiding over the 22nd collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on strengthening national defense and military modernization. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee further emphasized and deployed this, and incorporated it into the 14th Five-Year Plan and the 2035 Vision Goals for implementation, marking that the requirements for the integrated development of the “three transformations” have been elevated to a strategic level and have become an important guiding ideology for leading national defense and military construction.

The essential connotation of the integrated development of the “three transformations”

The “integration” in the “three transformations” does not mean mixing, combining or compounding. The word “integration” in the physical sense means melting or melting into one; in the psychological sense, it means that after a certain collision or contact, different individuals or groups tend to merge into one in terms of cognition, emotion or attitude. The integrated development of the “three transformations” in national defense and military construction refers to the coordinated mutual tolerance, mutual penetration and mutual promotion of mechanization, informationization and intelligence, from “you are you and I am me” to “you have me and I have you”, and then to “you are me and I am you”, reaching the level of perfect integration and unity, and thus producing a superposition effect, aggregation effect and multiplication effect, and realizing a leap in the overall combat capability.

The basic laws and main characteristics of the integrated development of the “three transformations”. The main ones are: First, the “three transformations” are progressive and orderly dependent. From a chronological perspective, the “three transformations” did not originate at the same time. Without the previous “transformation” as a premise, foundation and input, there would be no occurrence and development of the latter “transformation”. The previous “transformation” provides an important material basis for the latter “transformation”. Second, the “three transformations” overlap and penetrate each other. Informatization is not the end of mechanization. There is still a certain degree of mechanization in the process of informatization. Intelligence is not the end of mechanization and informatization. There is still a certain degree of informatization and mechanization in the process of intelligence. Third, intelligence and informatization can enhance the efficiency of mechanization through virtual control. The “real” here mainly refers to the hardware represented by physical entities such as combat platforms and ammunition, and the “virtual” mainly refers to software with combat data, algorithms, etc. as the core. Mechanization is mainly based on hardware construction, while informatization and intelligence are mainly based on software construction. “Software defines everything”, and hardware is optimized, upgraded, empowered and made more efficient through software. With the in-depth development of the integration of the “three transformations”, the construction priority will be that load will surpass platform, software will surpass load, and algorithm will surpass software.

The internal mechanism and driving mechanism of the integrated development of the “three transformations”. The main ones are: First, the superposition of advantages. Practice has proved that no matter whether it is mechanization, informatization or intelligence, the supporting technology group of each “transformation” will give birth to new weapons and equipment, generate new combat forces, and ultimately form new combat capabilities with different combat mechanisms. These new combat capabilities and the original combat capabilities are combined with advantages to produce a system outflow effect and greatly enhance the overall combat capability of the army.

The second is upgrading and expansion. Informatization aggregates and upgrades mechanized combat systems into informationized combat systems through digital transformation and networking of various mechanized combat platforms, making a qualitative leap in combat effectiveness. Intelligence can also be integrated with mechanization and informatization through upgrading and expansion. On the one hand, intelligent technology is used to upgrade the “brain” of the combat platform – the control system, and promote the control mode of unmanned combat platforms such as drones, unmanned boats, and unmanned ground vehicles, in accordance with the human direct operation mode, human assistance mode, human authorization mode, fully autonomous mode, and machine adaptive mode. After some old combat platforms are upgraded through informatization and intelligent transformation, they can also realize remote control operation and cooperate with manned platforms. On the other hand, the use of intelligent technology to optimize and upgrade the informationized combat system has greatly enhanced its capabilities in information acquisition, transmission, processing, sharing, security and other aspects, and the system’s combat capability has been comprehensively improved again.

The third is to make up for shortcomings and replace them. From the history of military construction, in the process of deepening development of a certain “ization”, bottleneck problems that are difficult to solve by relying solely on its own technical system often appear, and other “ization” technical means and development ideas are urgently needed to find a new way to solve them. At present, machinery is becoming more and more sophisticated and complex, and the difficulty of design and control is increasing; informatization leads to “information explosion”, massive data is generated, rapidly diffused, true and false are mixed, and it is increasingly difficult to quickly transform into useful information. These problems are difficult to be effectively solved within the technical system of mechanization and informatization itself. To break through the bottleneck of mechanical control capabilities and information processing capabilities, the use of intelligent technical means is an important option. Conversely, the technological breakthroughs and applications produced by the previous “ization” may also offset the shortcomings of the latter “ization”. For example, the speed of hypersonic missiles can exceed the reaction capability of the informationized defense combat system and achieve rapid penetration; high-energy microwave weapons can directly destroy networks and electronic equipment, etc., which to a certain extent offset the opponent’s information advantage.

現代國語：

來源：解放軍報 作者：袁藝 徐金華 李志飛 責任編輯：王鳳 2020-12-01 10:xx:xx
引 言

黨的十九屆五中全會在強調加速國防和軍隊現代化，實現富國和強軍相統一時指出，加快機械化資訊化智能化（以下簡稱「三化」）融合發展，從而把「三化」融合發展要求提升到了戰略全局高度。認真貫徹落實十九屆五中全會精神，對「三化」融合發展進行科學的戰略定位、戰略規劃和戰略部署，大力推動「三化」融合發展向深度廣度拓展，要準確把握好「三化」融合發展的本質內涵。

「三化」融合發展的時代背景

「三化」並行推進、互促共生、一體發展，具有深刻的歷史必然性，是我軍未來一段時期國防和軍隊現代化建設的必經之路。

「三化」融合發展與機械化資訊化複合發展概念一脈相承。自上世紀90年代末期以來，我軍及時提出推動機械化資訊化複合發展。當時，戰爭形態正由機械化轉變為資訊化。國防和軍隊建設必須走跨越式發展的道路，沒有必要等到走完發達國家軍隊機械化建設的全部過程再來搞資訊化，應該努力推進機械化和資訊化的複合發展。既要努力跨越機械化發展的某些階段，同時還要吸取發達國家軍隊機械化和資訊化建設失誤教訓，盡可能少走彎路。國防與軍隊機械化資訊化復合發展的經驗教訓，為如何統籌現階段「三化」融合發展提供了寶貴經驗。

「三化」融合發展反映了當前戰爭形態「多態並存」的現實狀況。當今世界，以軍事智能化為特徵的新一輪軍事革命浪潮撲面而來，世界主要國家軍隊正大步向智能化的門檻邁進，但由於世界各國科技水平和軍事實力發展的不平衡，使得在幾次世界局部戰爭與武裝沖突中，呈現出機械化資訊化智慧化戰爭「多態並存」的特點。敘利亞戰爭中，低端廉價的民用皮卡與高端昂貴的隱身飛機共舞，粗製濫造的土製火箭與高精度的巡航導彈齊飛，高度信息化並向智能化邁進的美軍、俄軍，較高機械化程度的敘軍、土軍，以及機械化程度很低的反對派，在敘利亞戰場共同演繹了機械化戰爭、資訊化戰爭和初級智能化戰爭三種戰爭形態相互交疊的另類「混合戰爭」。

「三化」融合發展符合當前國家社會經濟發展的階段性特徵。我國實現現代化之路同西方發達國家有很大不同。西方發達國家是一個「串聯式」的發展過程，工業化、城鎮化、農業現代化、資訊化順序發展，發展到目前水準花了二百多年時間。我國發展必然是一個「並聯式」的過程，工業化、資訊化、城鎮化、農業現代化是疊加發展的。國家社會經濟基礎是國防和軍隊建設的基本依托，正是當前我國社會經濟的「並聯式」發展特點，決定了國防和軍隊建設必然採取「三化」融合發展方式。

「三化」融合發展適應了當前軍隊機械化資訊化智慧化發展水準。經過長期努力，當前我軍基本上實現機械化，資訊化建設取得重大進展，又面臨智慧化的機會與挑戰。特殊的國情軍情，使得我軍不可能也不會複製以美軍為代表的西方發達國家軍隊的發展路徑。 「按部就班」式發展可能導致錯失智能化促進加速完成機械化資訊化、並引領和推動機械化資訊化向更高階段發展的歷史機遇。

黨的十九大報告指出，「加速軍事智能化發展，提高基於網絡資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全局作戰能力」「到二○二○年基本實現機械化，資訊化建設取得重大進展，戰略能力有大的提升」「力爭二○三五年基本實現國防和軍隊現代化，到本世紀中葉把人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊」。今年八一建軍節前夕，習主席在主持中共中央政治局就加強國防和軍隊現代化建設舉行的第二十二次集體學習時，提出「加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展」這一戰略思想，黨的十九屆五中全會對此做了進一步強調部署，並納入十四五規劃和二○三五年遠景目標中加以落實，標誌著「三化」融合發展要求提升到了戰略全局高度，成為引領國防和軍隊建設的重要指導思想。

「三化」融合發展的本質內涵

「三化」融合中的「融合」不等於混合、化合或複合。 「融合」一詞，物理意義上是指熔成或如熔化那樣融成一體；心理意義上是指不同個體或不同群體在一定的碰撞或接觸之後，認知、情感或態度傾向融為一體。國防與軍隊建設中的「三化」融合發展，則是指統籌協調機械化資訊化智慧化相互包容、相互滲透、相互促進，從「你是你、我是我」變成「你中有我、我中有你”，進而變成“你就是我，我就是你”，達到水乳交融、合而為一的程度，並由此產生疊加效應、聚合效應和倍增效應，實現整體戰鬥力質的躍升。

「三化」融合發展的基本規律與主要特點。主要有：一是「三化」逐次遞進有序依存。從時序上看，“三化”不是同時起源的，沒有前一“化”作為前提、基礎和輸入，就沒有後一“化”的發生和發展，前一“化”為後一“化”提供了重要的物質基礎。二是「三化」相互交疊相互滲透。資訊化不是機械化的終結，資訊化過程中還有一定的機械化，智慧化也不是機械化、資訊化的終結，智慧化過程中還有一定的資訊化、機械化。三是智慧化資訊化對機械化以虛控實賦能增效。這裡所說的「實」主要是指以作戰平台、彈藥等物理實體為代表的硬件，「虛」主要是指以作戰數據、演算法等為核心的軟件。機械化以硬體建設為主，資訊化和智能化則以軟件建設為主，“軟件定義一切”，通過軟件對硬體進行優化升級和賦能增效。隨著「三化」融合的深入發展，在建設優先級上，將會是載荷超越平台、軟件超越載荷、演算法超越軟件。

「三化」融合發展的內在機理與驅動機制。主要有：一是優勢疊加。實踐證明，不管是機械化、資訊化或智慧化，每一「化」的支撐技術群都會催生出新型武器裝備，產生新型作戰力量，最終形成不同作戰機理的新質作戰能力。這些新質作戰能力與原有作戰能力綜合運用優勢疊加，能夠產生系統湧現效應，極大提升軍隊整體作戰能力。

二是升級拓展。資訊化透過對各類機械化作戰平台進行數字化改造和網絡化鏈接，將機械化作戰體系聚合升級為信息化作戰體系，使得戰鬥力產生質的飛躍。智能化也可透過升級拓展方式，與機械化、資訊化融為一體。一方面，運用智慧技術升級作戰平台的「大腦」──操控系統，推動無人機、無人艇、無人地面車輛等無人化作戰平台的控制方式，依照人類直接操作模式、人類協助模式、人類授權模式、完全自主模式、機器自適應模式的逐次遞進方式升級。一些老舊作戰平台進行資訊化智慧化改造升級後，也可以實現遙控操作並與有人平台協同作戰。另一方面，運用智慧技術優化升級資訊化作戰體系，使其資訊取得、傳輸、處理、分享、安全等各個環節能力都大幅增強，體係作戰能力再次全面提升。

三是補短替代。從軍隊建設歷史來看，某一「化」在深化發展過程中，往往會出現僅靠自身技術體系難以解決的瓶頸問題，迫切需要其他「化」的技術手段和發展思維另闢蹊徑來加以解決。當前，機械越來越精密復雜，設計和控制難度越來越大；信息化導致“信息爆炸”，海量數據產生、急劇擴散、真假混雜，快速轉化為有用信息的難度越來越大，這些問題在機械化、資訊化自身技術體系內難以有效解決。要突破機械操控能力、資訊處理能力瓶頸，運用智慧化的技術手段是重要選項。反過來說，前一「化」產生的技術突破及應用也可能抵消後一「化」的不​​足。如高超聲速導彈速度可以超出資訊化防禦作戰體系的反應能力實現快速突防，高能量微波武器可直接破壞網絡和電子設備等，這都在一定程度上抵消了對手的信息優勢。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4874873888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Cognitive Confrontation, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 新軍事變革, 智慧戰爭

Prosperity and Development Support a Strong Chinese Military Culture Leading to Victory

Leave a comment

繁榮發展支撐中國軍事文化走向勝利

現代英語：

A strong military culture is the inner guarantee for the people’s army to be invincible, invincible, and continuously develop and grow. It is a fertile spiritual ground for nourishing officers and soldiers, and an important factor in improving the combat effectiveness of the army. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to “prosper and develop a strong military culture and strengthen the cultivation of fighting spirit.” In-depth study and implementation of Xi Jinping’s cultural thoughts, for the people’s army, is to prosper and develop a strong military culture. Through the education and influence of culture, we can cultivate the fighting spirit and brave and tenacious fighting style of the officers and soldiers who dare to fight and win, and use advanced culture to sharpen the spirit of defeating the enemy, providing spiritual motivation for being able to fight and win wars, and truly make the culture of a strong army point to winning and winning. Win with service and win with support.

one

To comprehensively strengthen military training and preparations and improve the People’s Army’s ability to win, we must attach great importance to the valuable function of a strong military culture in educating people for war and assisting a strong military. Prosperity and development support the culture of a strong military that wins and wins. It is not only a historical inheritance, a need of the times, but also the call of the cause of strong military.

The basic direction of continuing our military’s cultural tradition. Culture is the root of a nation’s prosperity and an important support for a strong military. More than 80 years ago, Comrade Mao Zedong said at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art: “If we want to defeat the enemy, we must first rely on the army with guns in hand. But it is not enough to have this kind of army. We also need an army with culture. This is An army that is indispensable for uniting ourselves and defeating the enemy. “In the long-term practice of revolution, construction and reform, our army has used its blood and lives to forge the “cultural gene” of victory and the “cultural bloodline” of heroes, nourishing generations after generations. A generation of officers and soldiers. All the winning culture for victory contains a strong bloody gene and shows a clear direction of winning. In the new era and new journey, the key to extracting the essence and absorbing energy from our military’s cultural traditions is to polish the sharp knives and swords of the officers and soldiers’ fighting spirit, continue to enhance the officers and soldiers’ awareness of war, and constantly strengthen the joy of hearing war, bravery and tenacity, and The martial spirit of winning if you dare to fight.

An inevitable choice to adapt to the evolution of war patterns. The world’s new military revolution is accelerating the evolution of war toward information-based warfare with intelligent characteristics, showing characteristics such as informatization of technology, systematization of organization, and digitization of weapons and equipment. The evolution of war patterns will inevitably lead to the reshaping of military cultural patterns. From mechanized warfare to informatized and intelligent warfare, from “large corps” operations and “large depth” assaults, to “asymmetric operations”, “non-line operations”, “integrated joint operations”, and then to “multi-domain precision warfare” “Cognitive domain warfare” and the evolution of the mechanism for winning wars have promoted corresponding changes in the form of military culture. On the new journey, our military promotes the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligence. It must not only accelerate the iterative update of weapons and equipment, but also actively promote the transformation and development of military culture, shape and reflect the characteristics of the times in terms of military theory, strategy, tactics, and fighting spirit. Create a strong military culture in the new era that is compatible with the development of the times and in line with technological progress to support victory.

The essential requirement of prospering and developing a strong military culture. The fundamental function of a strong military culture is to serve as a military force for war, which determines that the fundamental purpose of building a strong military culture is to provide spiritual motivation for being able to fight and win wars. The culture of a strong military is extremely permeable and durable. The loyalty, quality and will to fight it contains forge the spirit of the people’s army and cultivate the invincible combat effectiveness of the people’s army. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the People’s Army has been reborn, transformed and reshaped. The entire military has taken the ability to fight and win wars as its fundamental focus, and has taken the prosperity and development of a strong military culture as a powerful measure to generate combat effectiveness. It is closely integrated with the generation of combat effectiveness. At the same time, it is closely integrated with the main responsibilities and main business of the army, constantly improving the contribution rate of a strong military culture to combat effectiveness, and fully demonstrating the combat function of a strong military culture in troop training and preparation.

two

To prosper and develop a strong military culture that supports victory, we must be guided by Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army, grasp the main thread, highlight the key points, and strive to cultivate a strong military cultural system with combat culture, joint culture, and military characteristic culture as the main content. .

Cultivate a fighting culture that can win battles. Combat culture reflects the inherent essence of a strong military culture and determines the value positioning and value orientation of a strong military culture. Combat culture is a bloody culture that has been tempered, washed, and accumulated through the practice of military struggle. It has profound cultural heritage, strong combat characteristics, and distinctive characteristics of the times. Its value functions are mainly manifested in strengthening war awareness, improving combat skills, and sharpening combat skills. Spirit is an important component of combat effectiveness, the main body of the cultural system of a strong military, and an important magic weapon for the people’s army to win. To cultivate a combat culture, efforts must be made to strengthen the responsibility of officers and soldiers to serve as soldiers in war, lead troops to fight, and train troops to fight. The fighting spirit of “one is not afraid of hardship, and the other is not afraid of death” and the fighting qualities of bravery, tenacity, and determination to win if they dare to fight, and effectively set the standard of combat effectiveness. As the basic focus and foothold for the prosperity and development of a strong military culture, it serves as the fundamental criterion for testing the quality and effectiveness of the construction of a strong military culture.

Cultivate a joint culture that unites to win. Modern warfare cannot be fought without alliances and cannot be won without alliances. The basic combat style is integrated joint operations. Joint culture is based on the sum of joint knowledge systems, values, ways of thinking and behavioral norms that are required to win modern wars. It widely penetrates into the joint combat system, force structure, behavioral norms and models. It is like an invisible hand, effectively promoting the joint combat system from “physical connection” to “spiritual connection”, from “heart to heart” to “heart to heart.” To cultivate a joint culture, we must rely on task traction and joint exercises and training to solidify the political soul of officers and soldiers to obey the party’s command, cultivate the operational concept of joint victory, improve the knowledge system of joint operations, temper the way of thinking of integrated linkage, and cultivate common emotions and values, strengthen and stabilize the collective psychological identity, and condense the unbreakable will to win.

Cultivate a rich and colorful military culture. One flower blooming alone is not spring, but a hundred flowers blooming together fills the garden. In military practice, our army has formed its own distinctive service and service cultures, including the Army’s “Armored Iron Style” culture, “Artillery God of War” culture, and “Army Aviation War Eagle” culture, the Navy’s “Deep Blue Culture”, and the Air Force’s “Sky” culture. The culture of “Eagle”, “Ladder to Heaven” and “Arrow of Heaven”, the Rocket Army’s “Sword Sharpening Culture” and “Lang Ying Culture”, etc. The magnificent flowers of military service culture not only constitute a unique spiritual symbol, but also become a “multiplier” to improve the combat effectiveness of the troops. Creating a service culture with distinctive characteristics and profound heritage is not inconsistent with cultivating a joint culture. The culture of the services and arms supports the joint culture, and the joint culture realizes the organic integration of the cultures of the services and arms. The deeper the roots of the distinctive cultures of the services and arms are, the stronger the combat nature and combat effectiveness of the joint culture will be. At the same time, it is necessary to vigorously carry out colorful military camp cultural activities, use characteristic culture to build the soul of the army, gather soldiers’ hearts, and improve morale, and strive to create a lively situation where everyone has a stage, and more effectively use culture to educate people, Use educated people and literary talents to fight for their role.

three

To prosper and develop a strong military culture in the new era, we must adhere to serving to win as the fundamental orientation, strengthen historical confidence, and continue to win the gene; persist in fighting for war and strengthen combat attributes; take multiple measures, integrate innovation, and create a military-minded and capable military culture. Create a strong atmosphere and effectively use a strong military culture to generate combat effectiveness.

Foster the winning genes of revolutionary soldiers in the new era. Culture is essentially a spiritual carrier. Over the course of more than 90 years of struggle, our army has forged a combat culture that dares to fight and must win, and has created unique advantages for defeating the enemy and winning the future. On the new journey, we must vigorously carry forward the glorious tradition of the People’s Army, publicize the typical deeds of advanced heroes and combat heroes, guide officers and soldiers to draw nourishment from the revolutionary spirit, draw fighting spirit from the glorious war history, and draw strength from combat honors, so that the people’s army can The winning gene is passed down from generation to generation. At present, the world’s major changes are accelerating. Changes in the world, the times, and history are unfolding in an unprecedented way. It is necessary to educate and guide the officers and soldiers not to be afraid of powerful enemies, to understand clearly that adhering to the party’s absolute leadership over the military is the fundamental guarantee for our army to win the war, to understand clearly that the overall power of the people’s war is the magic weapon for our army to defeat the enemy, and to combine the fighting spirit with the scientific spirit , continue the fine traditions of our army, and firmly establish the confidence and determination to win based on existing equipment.

Improve the combat index of building a strong military culture. President Xi pointed out: “We must combine the traditions and mission characteristics of each army, strengthen the construction of military culture, create a strong military culture, and cultivate the fearless heroism and brave and tenacious fighting style of the troops.” The fundamental direction of military cultural work must be reformed to support capabilities. To fight and win the battle. Deeply explore the revolutionary historical themes, highlight the creation of realistic military themes, and always shape people with a noble spirit and inspire people with excellent works. Regular arrangements are made for the literary and artistic light cavalry, field propaganda teams, and field photography teams to go to cold areas, go to the Gobi, go to plateaus, go to coastal defenses, go to border crossings, and join squads to prepare for military training and war, warm the hearts of soldiers, boost morale, and inspire fighting spirit. . We must insist on seeking combat effectiveness from culture, and promote the construction of a strong military culture to extend from the camp to the battlefield, and from peacetime to wartime. Organize wartime cultural work drills, explore the content, timing, methods and means of wartime cultural work, and provide important support for improving the combat effectiveness of the troops.

Enhance the military atmosphere and military atmosphere of the military camp. To build a strong military culture, an important task is to create an environment with a strong sense of war, so that officers and soldiers can be constantly influenced and subtly cultivate their will to fight and sharpen their fighting character. To create a strong atmosphere for military training and war, raise battle flags, shout battle slogans, and sing battle songs to strengthen the army, set up cultural light boxes, battle slogans, sculptures of heroes and models, etc., build cultural venues that reflect the military’s war history, battle examples, and revolutionary spirit, and continuously strengthen the officers and soldiers War awareness, combat readiness concepts, and fighting spirit. We should pay close attention to mass cultural activities, hold lectures on the culture of a strong army, organize forums on the culture of a strong army, organize officers and soldiers to tell battle stories and read books on combat culture, and carry out extensive assassination combat training and martial arts competitions to inspire officers and soldiers to dare to fight and fight well. . Innovate methods and methods, combine the elements of the times, science and technology with culture and art, and use technological means such as VR, AR, and MR to create battlefield cultural simulation rooms, etc., so that officers and soldiers can “immerse themselves” in the battlefield atmosphere and hone their winning capabilities.

(Author’s unit: Army Party Innovation Theory Research Center)

現代國語：

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16279540888.html■陳　陣

強軍文化是人民軍隊戰無不勝、攻無不克，不斷發展壯大的內在保證，是滋養官兵的精神沃土，是提高部隊戰鬥力的重要因素。黨的二十大報告強調要「繁榮發展強軍文化，強化戰鬥精神培育」。深入學習貫徹習近平文化思想，對人民軍隊而言，就是要繁榮發展強軍文化。通過文化的教化與薰陶，培育廣大官兵敢打必勝的戰鬥血性、英勇頑強的戰鬥作風，以先進文化砥礪克敵制勝精神，為能打仗、打勝仗提供精神動力，真正讓強軍文化指向打贏、服務打贏、支撐打贏。

一

全面加強練兵備戰，提升人民軍隊打贏能力，必須重視發揮強軍文化為戰育人、助力強軍的價值功能。繁榮發展支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化，既是歷史傳承、時代所需，也是強軍事業的召喚。

賡續我軍文化傳統的根本指向。文化是一個民族昌盛的根脈，也是一支軍隊強大的重要支撐。 80多年前，毛澤東同志在延安文藝座談會上說：「我們要戰勝敵人，首先要依靠手裡拿槍的軍隊。但是僅僅有這種軍隊是不夠的，我們還要有文化的軍隊，這是團結自己、戰勝敵人必不可少的一支軍隊。一代官兵。一切為了勝利的勝戰文化，蘊含著強大的血性基因，彰顯著鮮明的打贏指向。新時代新征程，從我軍文化傳統中萃取精華、汲取能量，關鍵要著力擦亮官兵戰鬥精神的尖刀利劍，持續增強官兵的向戰為戰意識，不斷強化聞戰則喜、英勇頑強、敢打必勝的尚武精神。

適應戰爭形態演變的必然選擇。世界新軍事革命正推動戰爭形態朝向具有智慧化特徵的資訊化戰爭加速演進，呈現出技術形態資訊化、組織形態體系化、武器裝備數字化等特徵。戰爭形態的演變，必然引發軍事文化形態的重塑。從機械化戰爭到資訊化、智慧化戰爭，從“大兵團”作戰、“大縱深”突擊，到“非對稱作戰”“非線式作戰”“一體化聯合作戰”，再到“多域精確戰”“認知域作戰”，戰爭制勝機理的演變，推動軍事文化形態相應隨之改變。新征程上，我軍推進機械化資訊化智慧融合發展，既要加速武器裝備的迭代更新，更要積極推進軍事文化轉型發展，從軍事理論、戰略戰術、戰鬥精神等方面塑造和體現時代特質，打造與時代發展相適應、與技術進步相符的新時代支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化。

繁榮發展強軍文化的本質要求。強軍文化姓軍為戰的根本職能，決定了打造強軍文化的根本目的就是為能打仗、打勝仗提供精神動力。強軍文化具有極強的滲透性、持久性，其所蘊含的忠誠品質和鬥爭意志，鍛造著人民軍隊的精氣神，培育著人民軍隊無堅不摧的戰鬥力。黨的十八大以來，人民軍隊浴火重生、轉型重塑，全軍部隊以能打仗、打勝仗為根本著眼點，把繁榮發展強軍文化作為催生戰鬥力的有力舉措，與戰鬥力生成緊密結合在一起，與軍隊主責主業緊密結合在一起，不斷提升強軍文化對戰鬥力的貢獻率，充分彰顯了強軍文化在練兵備戰中的戰鬥功能。

二

繁榮發展支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化，必須以習近平強軍思想為指導，把準主脈、突出重點，著力培塑以戰鬥文化、聯合文化、部隊特色文化等為主體內容的強軍文化體系。

培育能打勝仗的戰鬥文化。戰鬥文化反映強軍文化的內在本質，決定強軍文化的價值定位與價值取向。戰鬥文化是歷經軍事鬥爭實踐錘煉、淘洗、積蓄形成的血性文化，具有深厚的文化底蘊、強烈的戰鬥特性和鮮明的時代特徵，其價值功能主要表現為強化打仗意識、提升作戰本領、砥礪戰鬥精神，是戰鬥力的重要構成要素，是強軍文化體系的主體，是人民軍隊打贏制勝的重要法寶。培育戰鬥文化，要著力強化官兵當兵打仗、帶兵打仗、練兵打仗的責任擔當，「一不怕苦、二不怕死」的戰鬥精神和英勇頑強、敢打必勝的戰鬥品質，切實把戰鬥力標準作為繁榮發展強軍文化的基本著力點和根本落腳點，作為檢驗強軍文化建設質效的根本尺度。

培育聯合製勝的聯合文化。現代戰爭無戰不聯、無聯不勝，基本作戰樣式是一體化聯合作戰。聯合文化是基於打贏現代戰爭所具備的聯合知識體系、價值觀念、思維方式和行為規範的總和，廣泛滲透於聯合作戰體制編制、力量結構、行為準則和模式之中。它就像看不見的手，有力地推動著聯合作戰體係從“形聯”到“神聯”，從“芯聯芯”到“心連心”。培育聯合文化，要依托任務牽引和聯演聯訓，鑄牢官兵聽黨指揮的政治靈魂，培塑聯合製勝的作戰理念，完善聯合作戰的知識體系，錘煉一體聯動的思維方式，培育共同的情感和價值，強固穩定的集體心理認同，凝聚牢不可破的打贏意志。

培育豐富多彩的部隊特色文化。一花獨放不是春，百花齊放春滿園。我軍在軍事實踐中形成了各具特色的軍兵種文化，有陸軍的“裝甲鐵流”文化、“砲兵戰神”文化、“陸航戰鷹”文化，海軍的“深藍文化”，空軍的“天鷹”“天梯”“天箭”文化，火箭軍的“礪劍文化”“長纓文化”，等等。一朵朵軍兵種文化的瑰麗之花，既構成了獨特的精神標識，也成為部隊戰鬥力提升的「倍增器」。打造具有鮮明特色、底蘊深厚的軍兵種文化，與培育聯合文化並不矛盾。軍兵種文化支撐聯合文化，聯合文化實現了軍兵種文化的有機融合，軍兵種特色文化的根扎得越深，聯合文化戰鬥性就越強，就越有戰鬥力。與此同時，要大力開展多姿多彩的軍營文化活動，以特色文化鑄軍魂、聚兵心、提士氣，著力形成人人都有舞台的生動活潑局面，更有效地發揮以文育人、以文化人、以文資戰作用。

三

繁榮發展新時代強軍文化，必須堅持把服務打贏作為根本指向，堅定歷史自信，賡續勝戰基因；堅持向戰為戰，強化戰鬥屬性；多措並舉，融合創新，營造尚武精武的濃厚氛圍，切實用強軍文化催生戰鬥力。

厚植新時代革命軍人的勝戰基因。文化在本質上是一種精神承載，我軍在90多年的奮鬥歷程中鍛造形成的敢打必勝的戰鬥文化，鑄就了克敵制勝、贏得未來的特有優勢。新旅程上，我們要大力弘揚人民軍隊光榮傳統，宣傳先進英模、戰鬥英雄典型事跡，引導官兵從革命精神中汲取營養，從輝煌戰史中汲取鬥志，從戰鬥榮譽中汲取力量，讓人民軍隊的勝戰基因薪火相傳。當前，世界大變局加速演進，世界變化、時代之變、歷史變正以前所未有的方式展開。要教育引導廣大官兵不畏強敵，認清堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導是我軍能打勝仗的根本保證，認清人民戰爭的整體威力是我軍克敵制勝的法寶，把戰鬥精神與科學精神結合起來，賡續我軍優良傳統，穩固樹立立足現有裝備打贏制勝的信心決心。

提升強軍文化建設的戰鬥指數。習主席指出：「要結合各部隊傳統和任務特點，加強軍事文化建設，打造強軍文化，培養部隊大無畏的英雄氣概和英勇頑強的戰鬥作風。」要把軍事文化工作根本指向歸正到支撐能打仗、打勝仗上。深入探討革命歷史題材，突顯現實軍事題材創作，始終以高貴的精神塑造人、以優秀的作品鼓舞人心。常態安排文藝輕騎隊、戰地宣傳隊、戰地攝影隊等進寒區、入戈壁、上高原、下海防、走邊關、進班排，為練兵備戰、矢志打贏溫暖兵心、鼓舞士氣、激發鬥志。堅持向文化要戰鬥力，推動強軍文化建設重心從營區延伸至戰場、從平時拓展到戰時。組織戰時文化工作演練，探索戰時文化工作的內容、時機和方式手段，為提升部隊戰鬥力提供重要支撐。

增強軍營文化氛圍的兵味戰味。打造強軍文化，一項重要任務是營造兵味戰味濃厚的環境氛圍，使官兵時時受到薰陶，在潛移默化中培養戰鬥意志、砥礪戰鬥品格。濃厚練兵打仗氛圍，把戰鬥旗幟揚起來、戰鬥口號喊起來、強軍戰歌唱起來，設置文化燈箱、戰鬥標語、英模雕塑等，修建反映部隊戰史戰例、革命精神的文化場所，不斷強化廣大官兵戰爭意識、戰備觀念、戰鬥精神。抓好群眾性文化活動，開設強軍文化講座，舉辦強軍文化論壇，組織官兵講戰鬥故事、讀戰鬥文化書籍，廣泛開展刺殺格鬥訓練和比武競賽活動，激發官兵敢戰能戰善戰的血性膽氣。創新方式方法，將時代元素、科學技術與文化藝術結合起來，運用VR、AR、MR等科技手段，打造戰場文化模擬室等，讓官兵「身臨其境」感受戰場氛圍、錘煉打贏能力。

（作者單位：陸軍黨的創新理論研究中心）