中國軍方人工智慧軍事化進程不斷加速
現代英語：
Adapt to the general trend of technological development and seize the high point of future war system ——
Artificial intelligence is a collective term for cutting-edge technology groups such as big data, automated decision-making, machine learning, image recognition, and spatial situational awareness. The “ cognitive burden ” that liberates human intelligent fitness enables technology users to obtain prophets, preemptive, Preemptive decision-making action advantage. As “ power multiplier ” and “ the basis for future combat ”, artificial intelligence will fundamentally reshape future war patterns, change the country’s traditional security territory, impact existing military technology development patterns, and reconstruct future operations The system and military power system have become important leading forces in the future battlefield.
With the rapid development of technology and the continuous pace of competition, major countries have launched their own artificial intelligence development plans, and accelerated the transformation of organizational mechanisms, scientific and technological research and development, and tactical tactical innovation, promote the use of artificial intelligence military, and seize future war commanding heights.
Speed up organizational innovation
Promote technology conversion applications
Unlike traditional technology, the research and development and transformation of artificial intelligence have its own characteristics. The institutional setting and operation of the traditional defense system make it difficult to adapt to the needs of rapid development of artificial intelligence. To this end, the military of relevant countries has vigorously carried out organizational reforms and innovations, removed institutional obstacles in the process of research and development of artificial intelligence technologies, and accelerated the transformation and application of related technologies.
Emphasize that “ is close to ”. The UK is mainly based on “ Defense Data Office ” and “ Digital Integration and Defense Artificial Intelligence Center ”, integrating energy efficiency such as route planning, specification setting, technical governance and asset development, and breaking down restrictions on the development and application of artificial intelligence technologies Administrative obstacles. The United States is based on the “ Strategic Competency Office ” and “ Chief Numbers and Artificial Intelligence Officer ”, and uses the Army’s Future Command as a pilot to integrate decentralized functions such as theoretical development, technology development, and equipment acquisition. Together, the focus is on “ Digging potential efficiency ” to strengthen the innovative use of existing platforms, while In order to effectively balance real needs with long-term development.
Pay attention to “ research conversion ”. The use of artificial intelligence in the military field will have a profound impact on battlefield methods, tactical tactical choice, etc. Russia has established “ Preliminary Research Foundation ” and “ National Robot Technology R&D Center ” and other institutions to guide the design, research and development and application of Russian military industrial and intelligent technology to improve the practical transformation of scientific research results rate. The United States has set up “ Joint Artificial Intelligence Center ”, relying on “ National Mission Plan ” and “ Military Type Mission Plan ”, focusing on coordinating military-site collaborative innovation and technological achievements transformation to promote artificial intelligence Wide application of the US Department of Defense and various services.
Focus on “ military-civilian integration ”. Russia has set up “Tech City ” and other institutions in Anapa and other places. Based on the “ Advanced Research Foundation ”, it fully absorbs military personnel, actively builds technological production clusters and research clusters, and effectively expands military personnel. Two-way communication mechanism. By setting up “ National Defense Innovation Test Group ” and other institutions in Silicon Valley and other places, the United States can directly enter high-level decision-making by relying on “ National Defense Innovation Committee”. France has established technical research and development institutions such as the Innovation Defense Laboratory and the Defense Innovation Division in the Ministry of National Defense, aiming to solicit private capital investment and cooperation in defense projects to improve scientific research energy efficiency.
Highlight “ combination of technology ”. The Israel Defense Forces established the Digital Transformation System Architecture Department to fully demonstrate new technologies, new theories, and new concepts based on the specific effects of the organic integration of various systems into various military services to determine the corresponding technology research and development priorities and strategic development directions. The United States has re-established the positions of Deputy Secretary of Defense Research and Engineering, created chief numbers and artificial intelligence officers to enhance the control of defense technology innovation and application, and relied on theoretical methods such as red and blue confrontation, analog deduction, and net assessment analysis. New ideas, new ideas, and new methods are tested in practice to select various types of technology research and development focus and strategic tactical attack directions, Achieve benign interaction between technological development and theoretical innovation.
Set up a project for military needs
Seize the opportunity for future development
In recent years, various military powers have aimed at the development of artificial intelligence frontier technology, and have established extensive projects in the fields of situational awareness, data analysis, intelligence reconnaissance, and unmanned combat, with the intention of seizing future development opportunities.
Situation awareness field. Situational awareness in the traditional sense refers to the collection and acquisition of battlefield information by means of satellite, radar, and electronic reconnaissance. However, under the conditions of “ mixed warfare ”, which is ambiguous in peace, unity of soldiers, internal outreach, and integration of all regions, the role of situational awareness in non-traditional fields such as human domain, social domain, and cognitive domain has received unprecedented attention. The US “ Computable Cultural Understanding ” project aims to process multi-source data through natural language processing technology to achieve cross-cultural communication; the “ compass ” project aims to extract cases from unstructured data sources, Integrate key information and respond to different types of “ gray zone ” actions. The French “ Scorpion ” Combat System project aims to use intelligent information analysis and data sharing platforms to enhance the fire support effectiveness of the French’s existing frontline mobile combat platform to ensure the safety of operational personnel.
Data analysis field. Relying on artificial intelligence technology to improve intelligent data collection, identification analysis and auxiliary decision-making capabilities can transform information advantages into cognitive and action advantages. Russia’s “ Combat Command Information System ” aims to provide commanders with multiple types of action plans by using artificial intelligence and big data technology to analyze the battlefield environment. The British “THEIA program ” and the French “The Forge” digital decision support engine are designed to enhance the information processing capabilities of command control, intelligence gathering, etc., and improve the commander’s ability to control complex battlefields. And command effectiveness.
Intelligence reconnaissance field. Compared with traditional intelligence reconnaissance, the use of artificial intelligence algorithms to collect and process intelligence has the advantages of fast access to information, wide content sources, and high processing efficiency. The Japan Self-Defense Force satellite intelligent monitoring system aims to identify and track foreign vessels in the vicinity of key waters that may “ infringe ” their territorial waters. U.S. military “ complex combat environment causal exploration ” project, which aims to use artificial intelligence and machine learning tools to process multi-source information to assist commanders in understanding the cultural drivers, root causes, and factors behind the war; “ Marvin ” The project uses machine learning algorithms, human face recognition technology, etc. to screen and list various suspicious targets from the full dynamic video, Provide technical support for counter-terrorism operations.
No one is fighting. In some technologically advanced countries, the unmanned combat system is maturing and the equipment species spectrum system is becoming more and more perfect. The Israeli M-RCV unmanned combat vehicle can perform diversified tasks such as unmanned reconnaissance, fire strike, carrying and recycling drones under all terrain and full-time conditions. The Russian army “ Outpost-R” UAV system with integrated capabilities can detect, track, and strike military targets in real time. It also has certain anti-reconnaissance and anti-interference capabilities and has been inspected on the battlefield. The US military “ Future Tactical UAV System ” project aims to comprehensively enhance the effectiveness of the US Army in performing reconnaissance and surveillance, auxiliary aiming, war damage assessment, and communications relay operations.
Adapt to future battlefield changes
Continuously explore new ways of warfare
In order to adapt to the tremendous changes in the battlefield environment in the intelligent era, relevant countries have explored a series of new warfare methods by enhancing the energy efficiency of artificial intelligence in key military decisions and operations.
Algorithmic warfare, that is, relying on big data and artificial intelligence technology, to give full play to the powerful potential of combat networks, human-machine collaboration, and autonomous and semi-autonomous weapons, so that the cycle cycle of “ observation-adjustment-decision-action” Always lead the opponent, thereby destroying the enemy’s combat plan and achieving preemption. In December 2015, the Russian army relied on the unmanned reconnaissance and intelligent command information system to guide the ground unmanned combat platform to cooperate with the Syrian government forces to quickly eliminate 77 armed elements within the target range at the cost of 4 minor injuries. In 2021, the US Air Force conducted a test flight of the first intelligent drone “ Air Borg ”, marking a further advancement of the US military algorithm warfare.
Unmanned warfare, guided by a saturated number of attacks and a low-cost war of system attack and defense operations, strives to achieve full-scale posture tracking, dynamic deterrence, and tactical suppression of the enemy defense system through human-computer coordination and group combat models. In May 2021, the Israeli army used artificial intelligence to assist the drone bee colony in the conflict with the Hamas armed group, which played an important role in determining the enemy’s position, destroying the enemy’s target, and monitoring the enemy’s dynamics. In October 2021 and July 2022, the US military launched a drone targeted air strike in northwestern Syria, killing Abdul Hamid Matar, a high-level leader of the “ base ” organization, and the extremist organization “ Islamic State ” Leader Agel.
Distributed warfare, based on artificial intelligence unlimited command and control capabilities and new electronic warfare methods, using shallow footprints such as special forces, low-characteristics, and fast-paced forces to form small groups of mobile formations, spreading infiltration into combat in a multi-diameter multi-domain manner Area, continue to break the shortboard and chain dependence of the enemy system, increasing the difficulty of its fire saturation attack. In this process, “ people are commanding and machines are controlling ”. In recent years, the US military has successively launched “ Golden Tribe ”“ Flexible Network Distributed Marseille Communication ” and other “ distributed operations ” scientific research projects.
Fusion warfare, relying on network quantum communication and other means to build a “ combat cloud ” that is resistant to interference and high rates, in order to eliminate the technical barriers of military data chain interconnection, interconnection and interoperability, and achieve deep integration of combat power. In 2021, the joint general basic platform developed by the United States Artificial Intelligence Center officially possessed initial operational capabilities, which will help the US military break down data barriers and significantly improve data sharing capabilities. During the NATO “ Spring Storm ” exercise held in Estonia in 2021, the British army used artificial intelligence technology to perform intelligent analysis and automated processing of battlefield information of various services, which improved the integration of arms and strengthened joint command and control effectiveness.
現代國語：
适应技术发展大趋势，抢占未来战争制高点——
■程柏华
人工智慧是大數據、自動化決策、機器學習、圖像識別與空間態勢感知等前沿技術群的統稱，可解放人類智能體能的“認知負擔”，使技術使用者獲得先知、先佔、先發製人的決策行動優勢。作為“力量倍增器”和“未來戰鬥的基礎”，人工智慧將從根本上重塑未來戰爭形態、改變國家傳統安全疆域、衝擊現有軍事技術發展格局、重建未來作戰體系和軍事力量體系，成為未來戰場的重要主導力量。
隨著科技的快速發展和競爭的不斷提速，主要國家紛紛推出自己的人工智慧發展規劃，並加速推動組織機制變革、科技研發和戰術戰法創新，推動人工智慧軍事運用，搶佔未來戰爭制高點。
加速組織形態創新
推進技術轉換應用
有別於傳統的技術，人工智慧的研發和轉化有自身的特點，傳統國防體系的機構設置和運作方式，很難適應人工智慧快速發展的需求。為此，相關國家軍隊大力進行組織體制改革與創新，破除人工智慧技術研發過程中的體制障礙，加速推廣相關技術的轉換與應用。
強調「遠近銜接」。英國以「國防資料辦公室」與「數位整合與國防人工智慧中心」為主體，將路線規劃、規範設定、技術治理與資產開發等能效聚攏整合，破除限制人工智慧技術發展應用的行政阻礙。美國以「戰略能力辦公室」和「首席數位與人工智慧長」為依托，以陸軍未來司令部為試點，將理論開發、技術研發、裝備採辦等分散職能整合到一起，重點以「挖潛增效」方式加強現有平台的創新運用，同時為國防高級研究計劃局的中長期技術創新爭取時間，從而有效兼顧現實需求與長遠發展。
重視「研用轉換」。人工智慧在軍事領域的運用，將對戰場戰斗方式、戰術戰法選擇等方面產生深刻影響。俄羅斯透過組成「先期研究基金會」和「國家機器人技術研發中心」等機構，指導俄軍人工智慧技術的設計、研發與應用工作，以提高科學研究成果的實用轉換率。美國透過設立“聯合人工智慧中心”，依托“國家任務計畫”和“軍種任務計畫”，著力統籌軍地協同創新和科技成果轉化，促進人工智慧在美國國防部和諸軍種的廣泛應用。
注重「軍民一體」。俄羅斯在阿納帕等地設立“時代科技城”等機構，依托“高級研究基金會”，充分吸收軍地人才，積極構建科技生產集群和研究集群，有效拓展軍地人才雙向交流機制。美國透過在矽谷等地設立“國防創新試驗小組”等機構，依托“國防創新委員會”，使人工智慧領域的技術創新與理論發展最新成果可以直接進入高層決策。法國在國防部建立創新防務實驗室、防務創新處等技術研發機構，旨在徵集民間資本投資與國防專案合作，提昇科研能效。
突顯「理技結合」。以色列國防軍設立數位轉型體系架構部，依據各類系統有機融入各軍兵種的具體效果，對新技術、新理論、新概念進行充分論證，以確定相應技術研發重點與戰略發展方向。美國透過重設國防部研究與工程副部長、創建首席數位與人工智慧長等職位，提升國防技術創新與應用的統管力度，並依托紅藍對抗、模擬推演、淨評估分析等理論方法，對各類新思想、新理念、新方法進行實踐檢驗，以選定各類技術研發焦點與戰略戰術攻關方向，實現技術發展與創新理論的良性互動。
針對軍事需求立項
搶佔未來發展先機
近年來，各軍事強國瞄準人工智慧前線技術研發，在態勢感知、資料分析、情報偵察、無人作戰等領域廣泛立項，意圖搶佔未來發展先機。
態勢感知領域。傳統意義的態勢感知是指依托衛星、雷達和電子偵察等手段收集和取得戰場資訊。然而，在平戰模糊、兵民一體、內外連動、全域融合的「混合戰爭」條件下，人類域、社會域、認知域等非傳統領域態勢感知的作用受到前所未有的重視。美國「可計算文化理解」項目，旨在透過自然語言處理技術處理多源數據，實現跨文化交流；「指南針」項目，旨在從非結構化數據源中提取案例，整合關鍵訊息，應對不同類型的「灰色地帶」行動。法國「蠍子」戰鬥系統項目，旨在運用智慧化資訊分析與資料共享平台，提升法軍現有前線移動作戰平台的火力支援效力，以保障行動人員安全。
數據分析領域。依託人工智慧技術提高智慧化資料蒐集、識別分析和輔助決策能力，可將資訊優勢轉化為認知和行動優勢。俄羅斯“戰鬥指揮資訊系統”，旨在藉助人工智慧與大數據技術分析戰場環境，為指揮官提供多類行動預案。英國「THEIA計畫」和法國的「The Forge」數位決策支援引擎，都旨在增強指揮控制、情報蒐集等方面的資訊處理能力，提高指揮官駕馭複雜戰場的能力和指揮效能。
情報偵察領域。相較於傳統情報偵察，利用人工智慧演算法蒐集處理情報，具備獲取資訊快、內容來源廣、處理效率高等優勢。日本自衛隊衛星智慧監控系統，旨在識別、追蹤重點水域附近可能「侵犯」其領海的外國船隻。美軍「複雜作戰環境因果探索」項目，旨在利用人工智慧和機器學習工具處理多源信息，輔助指揮官理解戰爭背後的文化動因、事件根源和各因素關係；「馬文」項目則透過運用機器學習演算法、人臉辨識技術等，從全動態影片中篩選排列出各類可疑目標，為反恐等行動提供技術支撐。
無人作戰領域。一些技術先進的國家，無人作戰體係日臻成熟、裝備種類譜係日趨完善。以軍M-RCV型無人戰車，可在全地形、全時段條件下，執行無人偵察、火力打擊、運載及回收無人機等多樣化任務。具備察打一體能力的俄軍「前哨-R」無人機系統，可即時偵測、追蹤、打擊軍事目標，也具備一定反偵察和抗干擾能力，已在戰場上經過檢驗。美軍「未來戰術無人機系統」項目，旨在全面提升美陸軍執行偵察監視、輔助瞄準、戰損評估、通訊中繼等作戰任務的效能。
適應未來戰場轉變
不斷探索全新戰法
為適應智慧化時代戰場環境的巨大變化，相關國家透過提升人工智慧在各關鍵軍事決策與行動的參與能效，探索出一系列全新戰法。
演算法戰，即以大數據和人工智慧技術為依托，充分發揮作戰網路、人機協作以及自主和半自主武器的強大潛能，使己方「觀察-調整-決策-行動」的循環週期始終領先對手，進而破壞敵作戰計劃，實現先發製人。 2015年12月，俄軍依托無人偵察與智慧化指揮資訊系統，引導地面無人作戰平台與敘利亞政府軍配合，以4人輕傷代價，迅速消滅了目標範圍內的77名武裝分子。 2021年，美空軍進行了首架智慧無人機「空中博格人」的試飛，標誌著美軍演算法戰進一步向實戰化邁進。
無人戰，以飽和數量攻擊、體系攻防作戰的低成本消耗戰為指導，力求透過人機協同、群體作戰模式，實現對敵防禦體系全方位的態勢追蹤、動態威懾和戰術壓制。 2021年5月，以軍在同哈馬斯武裝組織的衝突中使用人工智慧輔助的無人機蜂群，在確定敵人位置、摧毀敵方目標、監視敵方動態等方面發揮了重要作用。 2021年10月和2022年7月，美軍在敘利亞西北部發起無人機定點空襲，分別擊斃「基地」組織高階領導人阿卜杜勒·哈米德·馬塔爾和極端組織「伊斯蘭國」領導人阿蓋爾。
分佈戰，以人工智慧無限指揮控制能力和全新電子戰手段為依托，利用特種部隊等淺腳印、低特徵、快節奏的兵力，形成小股多群機動編隊，以多向多域方式分散滲入作戰區域，持續破擊敵體系短板和鍊式依賴，增大其火力飽和攻擊的難度。在這個過程中，實現「人在指揮、機器在控制」。近年來，美軍相繼啟動「金色部落」「彈性網路分散式馬賽克通訊」等多個「分散式作戰」科學研究立項。
融合戰，依托網路量子通訊等手段，建構抗干擾、高速率的“作戰雲”，以消除軍兵種數據鏈互通、互聯和互操作技術障礙，實現作戰力量的深度融合。 2021年，美聯合人工智慧中心研發的聯合通用基礎平台正式具備初始操作能力，將協助美軍打破資料壁壘，大幅提升資料共享能力。 2021年在愛沙尼亞舉行的北約「春季風暴」演習期間，英軍運用人工智慧技術，對各軍種戰場資訊進行智慧分析與自動化處理，提升了軍種間的融合度，增強了聯合指揮控制效能。
中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2022-09/01/content_323244.htm