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Exploring the Laws of Chinese Military Intelligent Warfare Design

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探索中國軍事智慧戰爭設計規律

現代英語：

At present, with the widespread application of disruptive technology groups represented by artificial intelligence technology, the form of warfare is accelerating its evolution towards intelligence. Scientific planning and proactive design of intelligent warfare has become an issue of the times facing war preparation. To truly organize intelligent warfare design well, we must accurately grasp the characteristics and laws of intelligent warfare design, clarify its position and role in war planning and preparation, so as to better serve winning the war.

Focus on development and make reasonable foresight

Correct decisions come from correct judgments, and correct judgments come from scientific foresight for the future. Scientific prediction is the prerequisite for operational design, and operational design is the application of prediction results. Tomorrow’s war will not be a replica of today’s war, but its shadow can be found in today’s war. Therefore, the design of intelligent warfare should be based on a full assessment and scientific prediction of future war forms and ways to win, and the forms, styles, methods, and means of intelligent warfare should be predicted through today’s wars.

In a battlefield full of uncertainty and ambiguity, in order to make war design more realistic, we must focus on the development and changes of intelligent weapons and equipment of both sides in the future, the updating of combat theories, the development of combat capabilities, and the innovation of winning methods. We must make scientific and reasonable predictions, estimates, and analyses of the timing of launching intelligent warfare, scale and level, style and intensity, development process, outcome of war, and other various complex situations that may arise, and on this basis, make systematic concepts and advance plans.

Be proactive and prioritize shaping

Sun Tzu said, “Victorious troops first win and then seek battle.” Intelligent warfare design focuses on grasping the characteristics, laws, and development trends of war. Based on possible enemy situations, our own situations, and battlefield environment, it prioritizes creating a favorable situation, and strives to lead and control wars by studying, designing, and planning wars, so as to achieve the goal of deterring war and defeating the enemy without fighting.

The battlefield space of intelligent warfare is a multi-dimensional and multi-domain space that combines reality and virtuality, providing war designers with a stage to give full play to their intelligence, implement autonomy and creativity. As the initiative in initiating wars increases, the initiative and creativity in war design also increase accordingly. War designers can proactively design intelligent warfare based on future war forms. When designing it, we focus on both responding to current urgent threats and targeting future operations. To this end, we should firmly grasp the characteristics of the era of intelligent warfare design, take proactive actions, enhance the ability of active design and dynamic design in various links such as concepts, plans, and construction, take the initiative, fight proactively, ensure that we can always adapt to the rapid changes in the situation, make the war develop in the designed direction as much as possible, and strive for the initiative in war preparation.

Based on the existing situation, innovate and change

Intelligent warfare design is an original combination of the war designer’s cognitive concepts, cognitive levels, guiding ideas, and operational strategies. The courage to innovate is the soul of intelligent warfare design. To this end, the entire process, all fields, and aspects of intelligent warfare design should focus on innovation-led design.

Intelligent warfare design is a research based on the development predictions of intelligent warfare military theories, weapons and equipment, battlefield construction, etc. It is an expansion and innovation based on the existing situation. Due to the development and evolution of war forms, some combat methods that have been successful in history may become ineffective in intelligent warfare; and some unprecedented combat rules that are adapted to the combat theories and weapons and equipment of intelligent warfare need to be created. Intelligent warfare design understands, conceives and describes complex problems through critical and creative thinking, so as to help war designers more deeply understand and grasp the winning rules and guiding rules of intelligent warfare operations, discover the key points and deep-seated reasons that restrict the combat progress, and thus creatively propose solutions to the problems.

Various forms, eclectic

Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out in “On Protracted War”: “The ancients said that ‘the secret of applying the strategy lies in one’s heart’. We call this ‘secret’ flexibility, which is the product of a smart commander.”

The flexibility of intelligent warfare design is determined by the differences in combat operations and the variability, uncertainty and contingency of situations and tasks. Appropriate reasoning and decisions must be made based on different situations. War design methods are quite diverse and eclectic. Traditional research and prediction methods include Markov method, Delphi method, brainstorming method, scenario analysis method, etc. When designing intelligent warfare, we should combine it with actual combat research and flexibly adopt different methods. At present, with the widespread application of cloud computing, big data and other technologies in the military field, computer simulation, modeling and simulation, war game confrontation and other methods are increasingly becoming important forms of combat exercises and confrontation simulation training, and are also commonly used methods in intelligent warfare design.

Reverse thinking, strategic confrontation

War is a confrontation between the comprehensive strength of two hostile parties, but also a confrontation between the strategies and wisdom of the commanders of both sides. Antagonism is one of the basic characteristics of intelligent warfare design, and it is also the main feature that distinguishes warfare design from design activities in other fields.

The main object of intelligent warfare design is the combat activities carried out by the hostile parties on the battlefield. These activities are “live” confrontation actions between people, supported by information-based intelligent weapons and equipment and technical means. They are inseparable from the battle of wits and courage between the war designers of the hostile parties. Therefore, designers of intelligent warfare must not only be familiar with their own situation, but also stand in the opponent’s position and think from the opponent’s perspective about how the intelligent warfare will start, control, and end, and what specific combat actions will be taken to organize and implement it. Before the war, they must conduct a comprehensive analysis and prediction of various situations that may arise during the implementation of the combat, and then propose effective countermeasures. Only in this way can the designed war be targeted and can they take the initiative in confrontational combat activities.

Multi-domain linkage, comprehensive system

Intelligent warfare design is a complex systematic project involving various fields such as military, politics, diplomacy, and economy. The specific methods involve knowledge from many disciplines such as military science, political science, and operations research. The battlefield involves multi-dimensional spaces such as land, sea, air, space, and power grids.

Intelligent warfare design is neither a simple listing of all war-related content nor specific planning and preparation for an impending war. Rather, it is an all-round, full-system, and full-element conception and design of the content covered by intelligent warfare in a certain period of time in the future. In terms of content, it includes the combat scenarios, combat objectives, combat scale, combat direction, battlefield environment, possible combat styles, combat methods, etc. of intelligent warfare; in terms of time, it is the whole process from the time when the war designers conceive or plan the operation to the planning, preparation, implementation, and end of the operation. To design intelligent warfare, we must not only conduct in-depth research on the characteristics, laws and winning mechanisms of intelligent warfare, study the situation of combat opponents, the war environment, and weapons and equipment; we must also study many scientific fields such as war science, system science, and modern engineering science, and predict the impact of scientific and technological development on future wars and operations, so that we can scientifically design the combat theories and processes of intelligent warfare.

Overall planning, multiple case selection

Clausewitz said: “War is the kingdom of uncertainty, and three-quarters of the factors on which war depends are more or less surrounded by a fog of uncertainty.”

Intelligent warfare design is a general plan and conception of intelligent warfare operations. It is a creative thinking activity based on the wisdom and strategy of the designer, and is imaginative and challenging. The design of intelligent warfare only knows the approximate area and method of launching an operation, but there is no specific clarification on the scale and action style of the participating forces. The combat objectives and combat indicators are not specific. It is necessary to make rough plans and bold assumptions about the combat objectives, scale, action style, etc. of intelligent warfare based on the tasks undertaken and the threats faced in peacetime, and on the basis of comprehensive analysis and prediction, without sticking to the existing stereotyped thinking. The objectives and scale of intelligent warfare operations can be large or small, and the action composition can be flexible and diverse. The design results of intelligent warfare should include multiple cases coexisting, multiple cases being compared, and multiple methods being demonstrated to enhance the pertinence and reliability of the results.

Iterative development, rolling improvement

Intelligent warfare design is a long-term and complex system engineering project, which cannot be achieved overnight or once and for all. The probability of war itself, the uncertainty of factors affecting victory or defeat, and the complexity of confrontation in intelligent warfare combat systems all determine the complexity and variability of intelligent warfare design. At the same time, when designing the opponent, one is also being designed by the opponent. Any negligence or carelessness may lead to a complete loss in one wrong move. It is not easy to carry out accurate war design.

With the continuous development of science and technology, the continuous evolution of war forms, and the ever-changing strategic threats and security environment faced in the future, intelligent warfare design should also keep pace with the development of the situation and tasks, and pay more attention to iterative development and design. In line with this, various operational concepts, operational plans, operational regulations, etc. should also be revised in a timely manner, continuously updated, and improved to adapt to the ever-changing new situations.

現代國語：

探尋智慧化戰爭設計規律

■陳建社

引言

當前，隨著以人工智慧技術為代表的顛覆性技術群的廣泛運用，戰爭形態加速向智能化演進，科學籌劃並主動設計智能化戰爭成為戰爭準備面臨的時代課題。要真正組織好智慧化戰爭設計，就要準確把握智慧化戰爭設計的特點規律，弄清楚其在戰爭籌劃和準備中的地位作用，從而更好地為打贏戰爭服務。

著眼發展，合理預見

正確的決策來源於正確的判斷，而正確的判斷來源於對未來所做的科學預見。科學預測是作戰設計的前提，作戰設計是預測結果的運用。明天的戰爭，不會是今天戰爭的翻版，卻可以在今天的戰爭中找到影子。因此，進行智慧化戰爭設計，應以對未來戰爭形態和製勝方式的充分研判和科學預測為前提，通過今天的戰爭預測智能化戰爭的形態、樣式、方法、手段等。

在充滿不確定性和模糊性的戰場上，要使戰爭設計更加符合實際，就要著眼未來一個時期敵我雙方智能化武器裝備的發展變化、作戰理論的更新、作戰能力的發展、制勝途徑的創新等因素，對智能化戰爭的發起時機、規模層次、樣式烈度、發展進程、戰爭結局和其他可能出現的各種復雜情況，進行科學合理預測、此構想等，

積極主動，優先塑造

孫子曰：「勝兵先勝而後求戰。」智能化戰爭設計著眼於把握戰爭的特點、規律和發展趨勢，基於可能的敵情、我情和戰場環境，優先塑造有利態勢，力爭通過研究戰爭、設計戰爭、謀劃戰爭，從而主導和控制戰爭，達到以止止戰、不戰而屈懾人之兵的目的。

智慧化戰爭的戰場空間是現實和虛擬結合的多維多域空間，為戰爭設計者提供了一個充分發揮聰明才智、實施自主與創造的舞台。戰爭發起的主動性增強，戰爭設計的主動性、創造性也隨之提升，戰爭設計者可根據未來的戰爭形態，主動對智慧化戰爭進行超前設計。設計時，既注重應對當前緊迫威脅，也著重於瞄準未來作戰。為此，應緊緊把準智慧化戰爭設計的時代特徵，積極主動作為，在概念、預案、建設等各個環節，增強主動設計、動態設計能力，下好先手棋，打好主動仗，確保始終適應情況的快速變化，盡可能使戰爭按照所設計的方向發展，爭取戰爭準備的主動。

立足現有，創新求變

智慧化戰爭設計是對戰爭設計者認識理念、認知層次、指導思想、運籌謀略等的原創性組合，勇於創新是智慧化戰爭設計的靈魂。為此，智慧化戰爭設計全過程、諸領域、各方面都應著重以創新引領設計。

智慧化戰爭設計是建立在對智慧化戰爭軍事理論、武器裝備、戰場建設等發展預測基礎上的研究，是在立足現有情況基礎之上的拓展創新。由於戰爭形態的發展演進，一些歷史上曾經成功的作戰方法，在智能化戰爭中可能會失效；而一些前所未有，適應智能化戰爭作戰理論和武器裝備的戰法則需要被創造出來。智慧化戰爭設計透過批判性和創造性思維，理解、構想和描述復雜問題，以幫助戰爭設計者更深入地理解把握智能化戰爭作戰的製勝規律和指導規律，發現制約作戰進程的關鍵點及深層原因，從而創造性地提出解決問題的辦法。

形式多樣，不拘一格

毛澤東同志在《論持久戰》中指出：“古人所謂‘運用之妙，存乎一心’，這個‘妙’，我們叫做靈活性，這是聰明的指揮員的出產品。”

智慧化戰爭設計的靈活性，是由作戰行動的差異性以及形勢任務的變化性、不確定性和偶然性決定的，要根據不同的情況進行相應的推理和決斷。戰爭設計方法比較多樣，不拘一格，傳統的研究預測方法有馬爾可夫法、德爾菲法、頭腦​​風暴法、情境分析法等。進行智慧化戰爭設計時，應結合作戰研究實際，靈活採用不同的方法。當前，隨著雲計算、大數據等技術在軍事領域的廣泛運用，計算機模擬、建模模擬、兵棋對抗等方法，正日益成為作戰演習及對抗模擬訓練的重要形式，也是智能化戰爭設計普遍採用的方法。

逆向思維，謀略對抗

戰爭是敵對雙方綜合實力的對抗，更是雙方指揮員謀略和智慧的對抗。對抗性是智慧化戰爭設計的基本特點之一，也是戰爭設計區別於其他領域設計活動的主要特徵。

智慧化戰爭設計的主要對象，是敵對雙方在戰場上進行的作戰活動，這些活動是人與人之間，在資訊化智慧化武器裝備及技術手段支撐下「活」的對抗行動，是與敵對雙方戰爭設計者的鬥智鬥勇分不開的。因此，智慧化戰爭設計者不僅要熟悉掌握己方情況，還要站在對手的立場，從對手的角度來思考智能化戰爭會以什麼樣的方式開局、控局、收局，會具體採取什麼樣式的作戰行動來組織實施，要在戰前對作戰實施過程中可能出現的各種情況進行全面分析預測，進而提出有效的對策措施，這樣主動設計的戰爭才有針對性，也能在戰鬥中掌握戰爭的活動中才有針對性。

多域聯動，系統全面

智慧化戰爭設計是一項複雜的系統性工程，涉及軍事、政治、外交、經濟等各個領域，具體方法涉及軍事學、政治學、運籌學等諸多學科領域知識，戰場涉及陸海空天電網等多維空間。

智慧化戰爭設計既不是簡單羅列與戰爭相關的所有內容，也不是對即將發生的戰爭進行具體籌劃和準備，而是對未來一定時期智能化戰爭所涵蓋內容的全方位、全系統、全要素構想和設計。從內容上講，包括智慧化戰爭的作戰場景、作戰目的、作戰規模、作戰方向、戰場環境、可能採取的作戰樣式、作戰方法等；從時間上講，是從戰爭設計者構思或謀劃作戰開始，一直到作戰籌劃、作戰準備、作戰實施、作戰結束的全過程。進行智慧化戰爭設計，不僅要深入研究智能化戰爭的特點、規律和製勝機理，研究作戰對手情況、戰爭環境情況、武器裝備情況；而且要研究戰爭科學、系統科學和現代工程科學等眾多科學領域，並要預測科學技術發展對未來戰爭和作戰的影響，進而對智能化戰爭的作戰理論、作戰進程等進行科學設計。

概略謀劃，多案優選

克勞塞維茨說：“戰爭是不確定性的王國，戰爭所依據的四分之三的因素或多或少地被不確定性的迷霧包圍著。”

智慧化戰爭設計是對智慧化戰爭作戰的概略性籌劃與設想，是建立在設計者智慧與謀略基礎之上的一種創造性思維活動，富有想像力與挑戰力。智慧化戰爭設計只知道作戰發起的概略區域和方式，但對參戰力量的規模、行動樣式等沒有具體明確，作戰目標和作戰指標都不具體，需要根據平時所擔負的任務和麵臨的威脅，在綜合分析預測的基礎上，對智能化戰爭的作戰目的、作戰規模、行動樣式等進行略籌和設想，不拘化和設想，不拘化思維，不拘化思維。智能化戰爭作戰目的和規模可大可小，行動構成靈活多樣，智能化戰爭設計結果應多案並存、多案對比、多法論證，增強結果的針對性和可靠性。

迭代開發，滾動完善

智慧化戰爭設計是一項長期的複雜系統工程，不是一蹴可幾、一勞永逸的事。戰爭本身的蓋然性和勝負影響因素的不確定性以及智能化戰爭作戰體系對抗的複雜性等，都決定了智能化戰爭設計的復雜多變。與此同時，己方在設計對手時，也在被對手設計，任何疏忽或大意都可能導致一著不慎，滿盤皆輸，進行準確的戰爭設計絕非易事。

隨著科學技術的不斷發展、戰爭形態的不斷演變，以及未來面臨的戰略威脅和安全環境的不斷變化，智慧化戰爭設計也應隨著形勢任務的發展而與時俱進，更加註重迭代開發設計。與之相適應，各種作戰構想、作戰概念、作戰預案、作戰條令等也應適時修訂，不斷更新、滾動完善，以適應不斷發展變化的新情況。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/1634673288.html

#Artificial #Intelligence, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare

Chinese Military Era of Intelligent Integration Calls for Smart Transformation Training

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中国军事智能化时代呼唤智能转型训练

現代英語：

At present, the new military is exciting the rapid development of scientific and technological revolution and revolution. Revolutionary technologies represented by artificial intelligence promote the transformation of war forms to intelligent warfare with artificial intelligence. Winning intelligent warfare has gradually become the focus of military competition among powerful countries. Military training, as a pre-practice of military warfare, should promptly mark new goals, realize the transformation to “intelligence”, accelerate “intelligence” training, continuously improve the military science and technology level and “intelligence content”, and comprehensively upgrade combat capabilities to accelerate generation.

Keep up with the changes in the form of war and upgrade the concept of transformation

As the scale of the military and the number of equipment are no longer the key to victory in war, upgrading war thinking and training concepts is imperative. We should take a more proactive attitude and a more open vision, keep up with the trend of focus development, and strive to create a new thinking for military victory.

Grasp the inherent cause and effect of intelligent manufacturing victory. The winning chart is a manifestation of the inherent laws of war. Driven by the intelligent revolution, driven by strategic competition, and driven by war practice, the advantages of information-generated intelligence and intelligence-enabled are increasingly evident, reflected in various links such as actuarial and joint systems. A certain flow chart, it can be said that the higher the “intelligence”, the higher the quality level of combat and training can be. Therefore, further training thinking remains at the mechanization level. We should use the courage of self-revolution to trigger a “headache storm”, upgrade standardized combat, strengthen the theoretical research of standardized training, and use “intelligence” soldiers to deal with mechanized, informationized, and standardized combat issues, organically connect with fighting, design wars with technology, and practice wars with intelligent means, so as to clarify the fog of war.

At present, the military implements training mobilization with a focus on transformation, trying to further widen the generation gap in combat power with other countries’ armies. Once the generation gap in the military is widened, it will be difficult to recover. If you can’t keep up with it, you may be completely controlled by others. Only by keeping an eye on the opponent can you surpass the opponent. We must stand out in military training, and improve the level of military transformation and non-target combat capabilities in training.

Strengthen the target positioning of science and technology empowerment. Science and technology are the core combat power. Driven by science and technology, the combat effectiveness has leaped from mechanical energy type and information energy type to type. Traditional siege-style large-scale troop operations are gradually withdrawing from the historical stage, and the cutting-edge competition in high-end and emerging fields is becoming increasingly fierce. If military training does not improve its scientific and technological armament, it will only be at the forefront of low-level intelligence. Therefore, we should firmly establish the goal of winning by science and technology, firmly grasp the “life gate” and “key point” of winning future wars, greatly improve the connotation of military science and technology, increase the practical application of new means such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and big data, unveil the mysterious veil of focusing on war, and control the initiative of future wars.

Keep up with the changes in scientific and technological development and build strong conditions for automation transformation

Automation training conditions are the basic training support for organizing and implementing automation training, and are directly related to the quality and effectiveness of automation training. To build an automated training environment, we need to focus on the development of intelligent concepts, intelligent technology, and automated operations, and continue to work hard in building environments, innovating training methods, and cultivating new talents.

Construct a battlefield environment. Modified operations, training space is more convenient, the field is wider, and the methods are more diverse. The battlefield environment construction under easy mechanization and information conditions can no longer support the needs of modified training. We should highlight the elite confrontation, rapid confrontation, and linkage confrontation supported by the modification conditions, tap into the existing existing training equipment and field functions, strengthen the application of technologies such as big data analysis, smart wearable devices, and machine “deep learning”, and effectively integrate various fields such as land, sea, air, space, electricity, and network. For example, digital maps, virtual reality and other technologies are used to simulate and display visualized three-dimensional landforms, weather and complex combat scenes, and build rich and rich combat scenes.

Develop advanced training methods. Advanced training methods help improve training results. Transformation of military training should transform the key factor of “data-centric” and transform the latest scientific and technological achievements into training conditions. We should focus on strengthening data linkage and integration to form a “pool” covering strategy, campaign, and tactics, and immediately command organizations to end individual soldiers; develop data intelligent analysis tools, use training cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies to integrate and mine data operations; develop intelligent training systems, increase the construction of simulation methods such as simulation, war game confrontation, network confrontation, and intelligent judgment, and overall promote the transformation and upgrading of military methods to “technology +” and “intelligence +”.

Cultivate new military talents. No matter how the war evolves, people are always the real controllers and final decision-makers of war. The quality of the standardization level of military personnel must determine the quality of customized training. To win the information-based local war with standardized characteristics, we should accurately meet the future military needs, strengthen the transformation of traditional combat talents, make good use of the power resources of “technology +”, “maker +” and “think tank +”, promote the integrated development of “commanders”, “combatants” and “scientists” and “technologists”, form a professional and standardized new military talent group, and realize the intelligent interaction between people and equipment, the deep integration of people and environment, and the extensive adaptation of people and environment.

At present, the world’s major military powers attach great importance to the development of intelligent equipment. New equipment such as unmanned “swarms” and unmanned submarines are emerging in an endless stream. On the one hand, they support standardized military training, and on the other hand, they are constantly tested and improved. To this end, we should make full use of the war-building and preparation strengthening mechanism, vigorously promote the “+ intelligence” of existing equipment and the “intelligence +” construction of the new generation of equipment, adhere to the research, construction, use and modification, break through the customization level of weapon upgrades and equipment through training practice, and finally make efforts to achieve a multiplier effect. The entire weapon equipment goes from “weak intelligence” to “strong intelligence” and then to “super intelligence” to better support standardized military training.

Keep up with the changes in war practice and innovate customized training models

The military style training model has been developed many times and has moved from theoretical exploration to battlefield practice. In recent local wars, standardized operations have begun to show their edge, and thus have shown the potential to change the “rules of the game” of war. The combat style has changed, and the training model must also change accordingly and actively change. We must keep a close eye on the characteristics of war, innovate military training models, and fully rehearse the next war in military training.

We must base ourselves on the basic point of fighting high-end wars with strong enemies, highlight the essence of breaking high-end wars, continue to deepen research on strong enemies, and use the development of new combat concepts and training theories as a starting point to clarify the laws of war development and key points for winning. Predict future wars and design combat styles from the perspective of intelligence and innovation to study the unique and wonderful ways to defeat the enemy. Emphasize key actions such as joint anti-missile defense, organize strategic and campaign training tactics to defeat the enemy with disadvantages, organize non-combat training to win, and organize training to fight against new domains such as the far sea and the far domain. Seize the high position of future wars in innovative training and form a combat capability of “superior intelligence” and “superior skills” against powerful enemies.

Emphasize the research and training of new quality forces. The transformation of war from winning by force and equipment to winning by intelligence has made new combat forces a new growth pole of combat effectiveness. According to information, the US military plans to standardize 60% of ground combat platforms by 2030, and the Russian army expects that more than 30% of key weapons and equipment will be used in the battlefield by 2025. As the army’s new equipment with intelligent attributes increases, it is necessary to take the path of actual combat training with new combat forces as the leading element, highlight the formation and combat use of new combat forces, carry out training methods and tactics that are compatible with the new domain combat concept and victory, strengthen new styles of training such as unmanned combat, promote the combat system of new combat forces, and make new combat power resources move and come alive.

Highlight intelligent command research and training. How to change the form of war and command, ability is always the key ability to win the battle. As the degree of war continues to increase, planning and commanding based on experience and personal wisdom alone can no longer adapt to any rapidly changing battlefield situation. Artificial intelligence decision-making training has become an inevitable trend to improve the efficiency of combat mission planning, planning, command and control. Commanders and command organizations are the key to the system of operations. We need to make breakthroughs in the scientificity, accuracy and timeliness of command planning. We rely on new technologies such as “big data” and “artificial intelligence algorithms” and new means such as “engineering” and “one network” to promote the upgrade of command planning from “human intelligence” training to “human intelligence + intelligence” training. We can judge the enemy situation, establish plans and determine actions in the process of actuarial calculations, so as to achieve the goal of defeating the slow with the fast and taking the lead.

(Author’s unit: Central Theater Command)

現代國語：

曾海清

引言

目前，新軍事激動科技革命和革命快速發展，以人工智慧為代表的革命性技術，以人工智慧推動戰爭形態向智慧化戰爭轉型，打贏智慧化戰爭逐漸成為強國軍事競爭的焦點。軍事訓練作為軍事戰爭的預實踐，應及時邁開標記新目標，實現向“智”轉型、正加速“智”練兵，不斷提高軍事科技度和“含智量”，全面升級作戰能力加速生成。

緊跟形態戰爭之變，升級改造概念

隨著軍事規模、裝備數量已不再是戰爭決定制勝的關鍵，升級戰爭思想和訓練理念勢必行。我們當以更主動的姿態、更開放的視野，緊跟著焦點發展趨勢，全力打造軍事制勝新思維。

把握智能製造勝的內在因果關係。制勝圖表是戰爭內在規律的表現。在智慧革命驅動下、戰略競爭推動下、戰爭實踐牽引下，資訊生智、以智賦能的優勢日益顯現，體現在精算、聯合體係等各個環節。一定的流程圖，可以說「智」有多高，戰與訓的品質水準就能夠達到多高。所以，進一步訓練思維停留在機械化層面應該以自我革命的勇氣來引發“頭痛風暴”，升級標準化作戰，加強標準化訓練理論研究，以“智”兵練處理機械化、信息化、標準化作戰問題，把和打仗有機銜接起來，用技術設計戰爭，用智能手段演練戰爭，從而輪廓清晰化戰爭的迷霧。

目前，軍事實施以轉型為重點的訓練動員，試圖進一步拉大與其他國家軍隊的戰力代差。軍事上的代差一旦拉開將很難追回，一步跟不上就可能徹底受制於人，只有盯緊對手才可能超越對手。要向強在軍事訓練中突出出來，在練兵中提高軍事轉型水準和非目標作戰能力。

強化科技賦能的目標定位。科技是核心戰鬥力。在科技驅動下，戰鬥力形態已從機械能型、資訊能型向型躍升，傳統攻城略地式大兵團作戰正逐步退出歷史舞台，高端、新興領域的尖端量日益激烈。軍事訓練若不提高科技武裝，將只能在低層次智能外圍前沿，很為此，應樹牢科技制勝目標，緊緊抓住科技創新這一制勝未來戰爭的“命門”和“要穴”，大幅提高軍事科技內涵，加大人工智能、雲計算、大數據等新手段的實踐運用，揭開聚焦戰爭的神秘面紗，加大人工智能、雲計算、大數據等新手段的實踐運用，揭開聚焦戰爭的神秘面紗，掌控未來行動權。

緊跟科技發展之變，建強自動化改造條件

自動化訓練條件是組織實施自動化訓練的基礎訓練支撐，直接關係自動化訓練品質。建構自動化訓練條件環境，需要我們緊緊圍繞智慧理念、智慧科技和自動化作戰的發展，在建構環境、創新訓練手段、培育新型人才等方面持續發力。

構設戰場環境。 改裝作戰，訓練空間更加便利、領域更廣泛、方式更加多元，易機械化資訊化條件下的戰場環境構設已無法支撐改裝訓練需求。應突顯改裝條件支撐下的精兵對抗、快速對抗、連動對抗，挖掘充分現有的訓練裝置和現場功能，加強大數據分析、智慧穿戴裝置、機器「深度學習」等技術應用，把陸、海、空、天、電、網等各領域有效融合起來，例如利用數位地圖、虛擬實境等技術模擬顯示可視化的內涵地貌、天誌場景，建構內

開發先進訓練手段。先進的訓練手段，有助於提升訓練成果。轉型軍事訓練應轉變「以數據為中心」這一關鍵因素，將最新科技成果轉化為訓練條件。應著重加強資料連動融合，形成覆蓋戰略、戰役、戰術，立即指揮機構走向終結單兵的「池」；開發資料智慧分析工具，藉助訓練雲運算、人工智慧等先進技術，整合挖掘資料作戰；開發智慧演訓系統，加大模擬模擬、兵棋對抗、網路對抗、智慧判決等模擬手段，整體軍事模擬向「科技+升級」「智慧手段」。

培養新型軍事人才。無論戰爭形態如何演變，人始終是戰爭的真正控制者和最終決策者。軍事人員標準化水準的優劣，一定編程了客製化訓練的品質效果。要打贏具有標準化特徵的資訊化局部戰爭，應精準對接未來軍事需求，加強傳統作戰力人才轉型，用好「科技+」「創客+」「智庫+」力量資源，推動「指揮官」「戰鬥員」與「科學家」「技術家」融合發展，形成專業化、標準化的新型軍事人才群體，實現人與裝備智能、人與深度融合。

目前，世界主要軍事強國都高度重視智慧裝備發展，無人「蜂群」、無人潛航器等新裝備層出不窮，一方面支撐標準化軍事訓練，一方面又在不斷檢驗完善。為此，應充分用好戰建備強化機制，大力推進現有裝備“+智能”和新一代裝備“智能+”建設，堅持邊研邊建邊用邊改，以訓練實踐突破武器升級裝備定制水平，最終發力實現倍增效應，整個武器裝備從“弱智”到“強智”再到“超智”的時間軸，更好地支撐標準化軍事訓練。

緊跟戰爭實踐之變，創新客製化訓練模式

軍事樣式訓練模式經過多次發展，從理論探索走向戰場實踐。近年來的局部戰爭中，標準化作戰已初露鋒芒，並由此顯現出改變戰爭「遊戲規則」決定的潛力。作戰樣式變了，訓練模式也要隨之變、主動變。要盯緊戰爭特點，創新軍事訓練模式，在軍事訓練中充分預演下一場戰爭。

要立強敵打高端戰爭這個基點，突顯破解高端戰爭本質，持續深化強敵研究，以開發新型作戰概念和訓練理論為抓手，搞清戰爭發展規律和製勝要點。從的視角預判未來戰爭、設計作戰風格，智創新研究克敵制勝的奇招、妙招要突出聯合反導等關鍵行動，瞄準強敵組織以劣勢勝優的戰略戰役訓練戰術，瞄準勝勝組織非謀求制衡實戰訓練，瞄準全域組織對抗遠海域等新域延伸訓練，在創新運動中搶奪制衡實戰訓練，瞄準全球組織對抗遠海域等新域延伸訓練，在創新訓練中佔高優勢訓練中佔未來的高超能力。

突顯新質力量研練。戰爭從力勝、器勝到智勝的轉變，使得新型作戰力量成為戰鬥力新的成長極。根據資料介紹，美軍計畫在2030年達到60%地面作戰平台標準化，俄軍預計2025年重點武器裝備戰場將超過30%。隨著軍隊具有智慧屬性的新裝備增多，要走開以新質作戰力量為主導要素的實戰化練兵路子，突顯新質作戰力量編成、作戰運用，開展與新域作戰理念、制勝相適應的訓法戰法，加強無人作戰等新樣式訓練，推動新質作戰力量作戰體系，讓新質戰鬥力資源動起來、活起來。

突顯智能指揮研練。戰爭形態如何轉變指揮，能力始終是能打勝仗的關鍵能力。隨著戰爭程度不斷提高，僅憑經驗和個人智慧進行規劃和指揮已不能適應任何瞬息萬變的戰場局勢，人工智慧決策訓練已成為提升作戰任務規劃、規劃、指揮控制效率的必然趨勢。指揮員和指揮機構這一體係作戰關鍵，在指揮謀劃科學性、精確性、時效性上求突破，依托「大數據」「人工智慧演算法」新技術和「工程化」「一張網」新手段，推動指揮謀劃由「人智」訓練向「人智+機智」訓練升級，在精算學、先定階段中求敵情、先定階段。

（作者單位：中部戰區）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/xxqj_207719/xxjt/ll/1017241088.html?

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 認知域戰, 認知戰

China’s Military Will Actively Respond to Challenges of Intelligent Warfare

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中國軍隊將積極應對智慧化戰爭挑戰

現代英語：

In recent years, the wave of intelligence has surged and has been widely used in the military field. Major countries in the world attach great importance to the construction and application of military intelligence. Various unmanned combat platforms and intelligent weapons and equipment continue to appear and are equipped in the army for actual combat. In the face of the accelerated evolution of the intelligent form of war, only by seizing development opportunities, actively responding to challenges, accelerating the development of military intelligence, and accelerating the forging of intelligent combat capabilities can we seize the strategic initiative of intelligent warfare and win the future intelligent war.

Focusing on the creation of intelligent theory of war design

Military theory originates from combat practice and is used to guide combat practice. In the past, due to various restrictions, military theory research was mostly “looking back”, that is, summarizing combat cases to form combat guidance. With the rapid development of modern technology, especially disruptive technologies such as big data and cloud computing, combat theory research has broken away from the traditional follow-up and inductive reasoning mode and entered a new era of experimental warfare and designed warfare. New disruptive technologies in the field of intelligence have opened up new space for innovation in military theory. To this end, we should follow the idea of ​​”proposing concepts-demand analysis-innovative theories” to create the basic theory of intelligent warfare, and conduct in-depth research on the conceptual connotation, essential characteristics, war guidance, combat style, offensive and defensive actions, winning mechanism, characteristics and laws of intelligent warfare; innovate intelligent warfare methods and methods, give full play to the overall effectiveness of the intelligent combat system, strengthen the research on new intelligent combat methods and methods such as human-machine collaborative intelligent warfare, intelligent robot warfare, and intelligent unmanned cluster warfare, as well as the processes and methods of intelligent combat command and intelligent combat support; focus on effectively responding to intelligent combat threats and study strategies to defeat the enemy, such as intelligent blocking warfare and intelligent disruption warfare. These theories are the cornerstone of the intelligent warfare theory system. In the future, the war theory centered on strengthening “intellectual power” and competing for “algorithm-centric warfare” is very likely to replace the war theory centered on “network-centric warfare”.

Focusing on cross-domain interconnection and exploring intelligent forms

Military organization is the link between military technology and combat theory, and is the lever for exerting the overall combat effectiveness of the army. Modern combat emphasizes “elite combat under the support of a large system”, that is, with the support of the joint combat system, “elite front and strong back”, and organizes precise and multi-functional combat modules according to the idea of ​​”integrated design, modular organization, and combined use” to maximize the release of combat energy. The system organization of future intelligent warfare will form small, multi-functional, intelligent new joint combat forces of different types and purposes according to different levels of strategy, campaign, and tactics and different military arms, and emphasize the organization of “global” forces that can perform diversified combat tasks. Through intelligent combat networks, according to the requirements of reconfigurability, scalability and adaptability, single weapon platforms can be seamlessly linked and flexibly organized according to changes in the enemy situation, battlefield environment, etc., and then aggregate to form system advantages and form an integrated offensive and defensive combat module. The new intelligent combat force system is the comprehensive product of the development of artificial intelligence technology, the formation of new quality combat power and the evolution of war forms. It is the “trump card” to seize the initiative in the future all-domain combat space, the key to the construction of an integrated joint combat system, and a new growth point for the army’s combat effectiveness.

Focusing on the integration of man and machine to develop intelligent weapons

With the development of information technology and intelligent technology, whoever can win in the field of artificial intelligence will have the opportunity to take the initiative in future military confrontation. We should focus on the dual needs of intelligent war system operations and intelligent weapons and equipment system construction, do a good job in top-level design and overall coordination, compile a roadmap for the development of intelligent weapons and equipment systems, and develop intelligent unmanned combat equipment systems that match operations and support in a planned, focused, and step-by-step manner, covering land, sea, air, space, electricity, and network space fields, and establish a “human-led, machine-assisted, mixed formation, and joint action” manned-unmanned collaborative system to enhance the system integration of various military services and various intelligent weapons and equipment such as operations and support. Intelligent unmanned combat systems are a new trend in the development of future war equipment. Its core lies in aiming at the requirements of “zero casualties”, “full coverage”, and “fast response” in future wars, making full use of the development results of new theories, new materials, new processes, new energy, and new technologies, and continuously making breakthroughs in human-machine collaboration and autonomous action. We will build a three-level unmanned equipment system of strategy, campaign, and tactics, build a new type of intelligent unmanned division on a large scale, and realize the systematic collaborative operations of unmanned combat systems. At the same time, we should focus on the needs of unmanned and anti-unmanned, intelligent and anti-intelligent combat, and pay attention to the research and development of weapons and equipment systems for anti-enemy intelligent unmanned combat, to ensure that we can effectively engage in intelligent unmanned offensive and defensive confrontation with the enemy.

Focus on the ability to combine innovation and intelligent training

The professional division of modern warfare is becoming more and more detailed, and the entire combat system is becoming more and more complex, which promotes the transformation of combat from labor-intensive to technology-intensive. It requires that combatants must not only have good physical fitness, but also have good technical literacy and intellectual advantages to cope with the needs of different combat tasks, combat environments, and combat opponents. Military intelligence has put forward higher requirements on the quality of people. Correspondingly, intelligent military talents should have the characteristics of talent group, advanced skills, complex knowledge, innovative thinking, and intelligent decision-making. Intelligent warfare will be a war jointly implemented by man and machine, and combat forces with intelligent unmanned combat systems as the main body will play an increasingly important role. Only the effective combination of high-quality personnel and intelligent weapons can maximize the combat effectiveness. It is necessary to adapt to the new characteristics of the intelligent warfare force system, innovate and develop intelligent training concepts, and explore new models for the generation of intelligent warfare combat effectiveness. At present, artificial intelligence technology can create a more “real” weapon operation experience and battlefield environment, and can realistically interpret the combat process, assist decision-making and command, and evaluate combat concepts. To this end, we should adapt to the new characteristics of the intelligent war force system, focus on improving the self-command, self-control, and self-combat capabilities of the intelligent combat system, make full use of the characteristics of the intelligent system that can self-game and self-grow, form a training system, training environment, and training mechanism specifically for the intelligent combat system, strengthen the training of “people” to control the intelligent system, and explore a new training model with “machines” as the main object. In this way, the intelligent combat system can obtain a leap in combat capability through short-term autonomous intensive training to cope with the test of disorder, complexity, and uncertainty in the future combat environment.

Focus on improving the guarantee model with precision and efficiency

In the intelligent battlefield, the realization degree of comprehensive support for joint operations is an important factor that directly affects the generation of combat effectiveness of troops. The development of intelligent technology will inevitably trigger revolutionary changes in the construction of the joint combat support system and realize intelligent comprehensive support. Comprehensive support is the foundation of combat effectiveness and a bridge for transforming the country’s economic strength into the combat capability of troops. With the continuous maturity of Internet of Things technology, intelligent warfare places more emphasis on integrated support, precise support, and distribution support, that is, delivering to the required location at the required time according to the required quantity. Relying on the integrated support system, the dispersed support forces and resources will be organized according to functional modules such as supply, materials, maintenance, ammunition and management, so that they cover all areas of combat service support work. Relying on visualization technology, the current status of combat supply will be tracked and mastered throughout the process, and information control, reception and distribution of personnel and material flows will be carried out according to the real-time development of the battle situation, so as to achieve point-to-point direct support. By using technologies such as the Internet of Things, drones, smart cars, remote surgery, and 3D printing, we will upgrade and create an intelligent after-sales support system covering smart warehousing, smart delivery, smart maintenance, and smart medical care. This will enable automatic, rapid, and accurate replenishment of battlefield after-sales materials, rapid diagnosis and repair of equipment failures, and timely rescue of battlefield personnel. We will transform passive support into active service, and improve the overall efficiency and benefits of after-sales support.

Focusing on military and civilian dual-use to deepen intelligent integration

Breakthroughs in the core key technologies of artificial intelligence are the “national heavy weapons” to deal with the threats and challenges of intelligent warfare. The rapid development of intelligent technology has become an accelerator of military intelligence. In the information age, the boundaries between military and civilian technologies are becoming increasingly blurred, and their convertibility is becoming stronger and stronger. Actively establish a military-civilian collaborative innovation mechanism, continuously strengthen the driving force for the innovation and development of intelligent core technologies, build an open industry-university-research collaborative innovation system for the whole society, make forward-looking arrangements and support investments in core cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, give full play to the innovative power of the entire society, and promote the rapid and sustainable development of military intelligence. Accelerate the advancement of technological breakthroughs in key areas. We must focus on relevant key technology areas and break the technical bottlenecks that restrict the development of military intelligence. Strengthen research in the basic support areas of military intelligence, such as military big data and military Internet of Things; based on combat needs, strengthen research on intelligent application technologies in various combat elements, especially research on intelligent command decision-making, intelligent weapon platforms, intelligent battlefield perception, and intelligent confrontation technologies. The research and development of core key technologies of military intelligence should not only carry out cross-disciplinary and cross-domain collaborative innovation, but also make social intelligence and military intelligence development dock and track, learn from mature technologies and successful experiences in the development of social intelligence, and promote the rapid embedding of various artificial intelligence technologies into combat elements and combat processes. To accelerate the development of military intelligence, we should speed up the exploration of the training rules of relevant talents, make full use of military and local educational resources, increase the training of relevant talents, and provide solid intellectual support and talent guarantee for promoting the construction of military intelligence.

現代國語：

尹峻松 李明海 李始江　　高　　凱

中國軍網 國防部網 2020年2月6日 星期四

近年來，智慧化浪潮洶湧而來，並在軍事領域廣泛應用。世界主要國家高度重視軍事智慧化建設和應用，各種無人作戰平台和智慧化武器裝備不斷出現，並列裝部隊投入實戰。面對戰爭形態智能化加速演變，只有把握發展機遇，積極應對挑戰，加速軍事智能化發展，加速鍛造智能化作戰能力，才能奪取智能化戰爭戰略主動，從而打贏未來智能化戰爭。

著眼設計戰爭創建智慧化理論

軍事理論源自於作戰實踐，並用於指導作戰實踐。過去受各種條件的限制，軍事理論研究多是“向後看”，即總結戰例形成作戰指導。隨著現代技術，尤其是大數據、雲端運算等顛覆性技術的快速發展，使作戰理論研究擺脫了傳統的跟進式、歸納推理式的模式，走入了實驗戰爭、設計戰爭的新時代。智慧領域新的顛覆性技術，為軍事理論創新開啟了新的空間。為此，我們應依照「提出概念—需求分析—創新理論」的思路，創造智慧化戰爭基礎理論，深入研究智慧化戰爭的概念內涵、本質特徵、戰爭指導、作戰樣式、攻防行動、制勝機理、特徵規律等內容；創新智慧化作戰方式，充分發揮智慧化作戰方式體系整體效能，加強人機協同智慧作戰、智慧化機器人作戰、智慧無人集群作戰等新的智慧化作戰方式方法研究，以及智慧化作戰指揮、智慧化作戰保障的流程和方式方法等；著眼有效應對智慧化作戰威脅，研究克敵制勝之策，如智慧阻斷戰、智慧擾亂戰等。這些理論是智慧化戰爭理論體系的基石。未來以強化「制智權」爭奪「演算法中心戰」為核心的戰爭理論，極有可能取代以「網路中心戰」為核心的戰爭理論。

著眼於跨域互聯探索智慧化形態

軍隊組織是連結軍事技術和作戰理論的紐帶，是發揮軍隊整體作戰效能的槓桿。現代作戰更強調“大體系支撐下的精兵作戰”，即以聯合作戰體系為支撐，“精前台、強後台”，按照“一體化設計、模組化編組、組合式運用”的思路，編組精確多能的作戰模組，使得作戰能量得到最大限度釋放。未來智慧化戰爭的體制編制將按戰略、戰役、戰術不同層次和不同軍兵種，組成不同類型、不同用途的小型多能智能化新型聯合作戰部隊，更加強調編組能夠執行多樣化作戰任務的「全局化」部隊，透過智慧化的作戰網絡，依照可重構性、可擴充性和自適應要求，能夠依據敵情、戰場環境等態勢變化，將單一武器平台進行無縫連結、靈活編組，進而聚合形成體系優勢，形成攻防一體的作戰模組。智慧化新型作戰力量體係是人工智慧技術發展、新質戰鬥力形成與戰爭形態演變的綜合產物，是奪取未來全局作戰空間主動權的“殺手鐧”，是構成一體化聯合作戰體系的關鍵，是軍隊戰鬥力新的增長點。

著眼於人機融合發展智慧化武器

隨著資訊科技、智慧科技的發展，誰能在人工智慧領域中取勝，誰就有望擁有未來軍事對抗的主動權。應著眼於智慧化戰爭體係作戰和智慧化武器裝備體系建設的雙重需要，搞好頂層設計和整體統籌，編制智能化武器裝備體系發展路線圖，按計劃、有重點、分步驟地研製高中低端、大中小型、遠中近程，覆蓋陸、海、空、天、電和網路等太空領域，作戰與保障相配套的智慧化無人作戰裝備體系，建立「人為主導、機器協助、混合編組、聯合行動」的有人-無人協作體系，增強各軍兵種和作戰、保障等各種智能化武器裝備的體系融合度。智慧化無人作戰系統是未來戰爭裝備發展新趨勢。其核心在於瞄準未來戰爭「零傷亡」「全覆蓋」「快響應」等要求，充分運用新理論、新材料、新工藝、新能源、新技術發展成果，在人機協同和自主行動兩個方面不斷取得突破，構建戰略、戰役、戰術三級無人裝備體系，規模化打造新型智能無人之師，實現無人作戰系統的體系化協同作戰。同時，應著眼無人與反無人、智能與反智能作戰需要，注重研發反敵智能化無人作戰的武器裝備系統，確保能夠有效地與敵進行智能化無人攻防對抗。

著眼能力複合創新智能化訓練

現代戰爭專業分工越來越細、整個作戰體系越來越複雜，推動作戰由人力密集型向技術密集型轉變，要求參戰人員不僅要具備良好的身體素質，更要具備良好的技術素養和智力優勢，以應對不同作戰任務、作戰環境、作戰對手的需要。軍事智慧化對人的素質提出了更高要求，相應地智能化軍事人才應具有人才群體性、技能精尖性、知識複合性、思維創新性、決策智能性等特徵。智慧化戰爭將是人機結合共同實施的戰爭，以智慧化無人作戰系統為主體的作戰力量將發揮越來越重要的作用。高素質人員和智慧化武器的有效結合，才能最大程度地發揮作戰效能。必須適應智慧化戰爭力量體系新特點，創新發展智慧化訓練概念，探索智慧化戰爭戰鬥力生成新模式。目前，人工智慧技術能夠創造出更「真實」的武器操作體驗與戰場環境，能夠逼真演繹作戰進程、輔助決策指揮、評估作戰構想。為此，適應智慧化戰爭力量體系構成新特點，聚焦於智慧化作戰系統自我指揮、自我控制、自我作戰能力的提升，充分利用智慧化系統能夠自我博弈、自我成長的特點，形成專門針對智慧化作戰系統訓練體系、訓練環境和訓練機制，強化「人」駕馭智慧系統訓練，探索以「機」為主體對象的新型訓練模式。從而使智慧化作戰系統經過短期的自主強化訓練即可獲得作戰能力的躍升，以應對未來作戰環境無序性、複雜性、不確定性的考驗。

著眼精準高效能改善保障模式

智慧化戰場，聯合作戰綜合保障實現度是直接影響部隊戰鬥力生成的重要因素。智慧化技術的發展必將觸發聯合作戰保障體系建設的革命性變化，實現智慧化綜合保障。綜合保障是戰鬥力的基礎，是把國家經濟實力轉化為部隊作戰能力的橋樑。隨著物聯網技術的不斷成熟，智慧化戰爭更強調一體保障、精確保障、配送保障，也就是依照所需的量在需要的時間投放到需要的地點。依託一體化保障體系，將分散部署的保障力量和資源，按照補給、物資、維修、彈藥和管理等職能模組編組，使其涵蓋戰鬥勤務保障工作的各個領域，依托可視化技術，全程跟踪作戰供應現狀，根據戰況實時發展對人員流、物資流進行信息控制、接收和分發，實現點對點的直達保障。透過運用物聯網、無人機、智慧車、遠距手術、3D列印等技術，升級打造涵蓋智慧倉儲、智慧投送、智慧維修、智慧醫療等智慧後裝保障體系，實現戰場後裝物資自動快速精準補給、設備故障快速診斷與維修、戰場人員及時救護，變被動式為主動服務，提升後負配備保障整體效率和效益。

著眼軍民兼用深化智能化融合

人工智慧核心關鍵技術的突破，是應對智慧化戰爭威脅和挑戰的「國之重器」。智慧科技的快速發展，已成為軍事智慧化的加速器。資訊時代軍用技術和民用技術的界線越來越模糊，可轉換性越來越強。積極建立軍民協同創新機制，不斷強化智慧化核心技術創新發展原動力，建構全社會開放的產學研協同創新體系，對人工智慧等核心前沿技術前瞻佈局、扶持投資，充分發揮整個社會的創新力量，促進軍事智慧化快速永續發展。加快推進重點領域技術突破。要聚焦相關重點技術領域，打破限制軍事智慧化發展的技術瓶頸。加強軍事智慧化基礎支撐領域的研究，例如，軍用大數據、軍用物聯網等；從作戰需求出發，加強各個作戰要素方面的智慧化應用技術研究，尤其是智慧化指揮決策、智慧化武器平台、智慧化戰場感知、智慧化對抗技術等方面的研究。軍事智慧化核心關鍵技術的研發，不僅要進行跨領域、跨領域協作創新，還要使社會智慧化與軍事智慧化發展對接並軌，借鏡社會智慧發展的成熟技術與成功經驗，推動各類人工智慧技術快速嵌入作戰要素、作戰流程。加速軍事智慧化發展，應抓緊探索相關人才的培養規律，充分利用軍地教育資源，加大相關人才培養力度，為推進軍事智慧化建設提供堅實的智力支持與人才保障。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2020-02/06/content_25335288.htm

#Artificial #Intelligence, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #軍事資訊化與智慧化, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese Military Future Wars, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知戰

China’s Military Meeting Challenges of Intelligent Warfare with New Concepts

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中國軍隊以新概念應對智慧化戰爭挑戰

現代英語：

Preface

The breakthrough achievements of artificial intelligence technology marked by deep learning and its application in various fields have pushed intelligence to a new high in the global wave and become the focus of attention from all parties. In the military field, which has never been willing to lag behind in technological innovation and application, a new revolution is also being actively nurtured. We must accurately grasp the evolution of intelligent warfare and analyze the inner essence of intelligent warfare in order to welcome and control intelligent warfare with a brand new look.

How far are we from intelligent warfare?

Intelligent warfare is a war that is mainly supported by artificial intelligence technology. It has been the dream of people for thousands of years to endow weapon platforms with human intelligence and replace humans in the battlefield. With the powerful impact brought to the world by artificial intelligence systems represented by AlphaGo and Atlas, and the emergence of new combat concepts and new platforms such as swarm warfare and flying aircraft carriers, the door to intelligent warfare seems to be quietly opening.

The law of historical development indicates that intelligent warfare will inevitably enter the battlefield. The progress of science and technology promotes the evolution of weapons and equipment, triggers fundamental changes in military organization, combat methods and military theories, and ultimately forcibly promotes historical changes in the form of war. The arrival of intelligent warfare also conforms to this inevitable law of historical development. Looking back at the evolution of human warfare, every major progress in science and technology has promoted major changes in the military. The invention of black powder has made human warfare evolve to the era of hot weapons. Infantry and cavalry formations were completely wiped out under the line-of-gun warfare. The use of steam engines in the military has made human warfare evolve to the mechanized era, and has further given rise to large-scale mechanized warfare led by armored ships, tanks, and airplanes. The emergence and application of intelligent technology will profoundly change human cognition, war thinking, and combat methods, and once again set off major changes in the military. Intelligent warfare will inevitably enter the war stage.

The development of artificial intelligence technology determines the pace of intelligent warfare. The continuous development and widespread application of artificial intelligence technology have pushed intelligent warfare from chaos to reality. It has begun to sprout, grow gradually, and come to us step by step. To truly enter intelligent warfare, artificial intelligence technology needs to reach four levels. The first level is computational intelligence, which means breaking through the limitations of computing power and storage space to achieve near-real-time computing power and storage capacity, which is far beyond the reach of large computers and huge servers. The widespread application of cloud computing has steadily brought humans to the first level. The second level is perceptual intelligence, which means that the machine can understand what it hears, see what it sees, distinguish what is true, and recognize what it knows clearly, and can communicate directly with people. Natural language understanding, image and graphic recognition, and biometric recognition technologies based on big data have allowed humans to reach the second level. The third level is cognitive intelligence, which means that the machine can understand human thinking, think and reason like humans, and make judgments and decisions like humans. Knowledge mining, knowledge graphs, artificial neural networks, and decision tree technologies driven by deep learning algorithms have allowed humans to strive to move towards the third level. The fourth stage is human-machine fusion enhanced intelligence, which is to combine the perception, reasoning, induction, and learning that humans are good at with the search, calculation, storage, and optimization that machines are good at, to complement each other’s advantages and interact in a two-way closed loop. Virtual reality enhancement technology, brain-like cognitive technology, and brain-like neural network technology are exploring how humans can move towards the fourth stage. When humans stepped onto the second stage, intelligent warfare began to approach us; when we step onto the fourth stage, the era of intelligent warfare will be fully opened.

Self-learning growth accelerates the sudden arrival of intelligent warfare changes. The ability to “learn” is the core ability of artificial intelligence. Once a machine can learn by itself, its learning speed is amazing. Once a machine has the ability to self-learn, it will enter a rapid growth track of “improving intelligence and accelerating evolution” repeatedly. All technical difficulties in the direction of intelligent warfare will be solved as “learning” deepens. The era of intelligent warfare is likely to arrive suddenly in a way that people can’t imagine!

What will intelligent warfare change?

Intelligent warfare will break through the limits of traditional time and space cognition. In intelligent warfare, artificial intelligence technology can collect, calculate, and push all kinds of action information of all forces in combat in real time and in all domains, enabling humans to break through the logical limits of thinking, the physiological limits of senses, and the physical limits of existence, greatly improving the scope of cognition of time and space, and being able to accurately control all actions of all forces in real time, and to achieve rapid jump, gathering, and attack of superior combat resources in multi-dimensional space and multi-dimensional domains. Any space at any time may become a time and space point for winning the war.

Intelligent warfare will reconstruct the relationship between humans and weapons and equipment. With the rapid advancement of intelligent technology and the continuous improvement of the level of intelligence, weapon platforms and combat systems can not only passively and mechanically execute human instructions, but also can, based on deep understanding and deep prediction, super-amplify through the calculation, storage, and query that machines are good at, so as to autonomously and actively perform specific tasks in a certain sense. It can be said that weapon platforms and combat systems can also actively exert human consciousness to a certain extent, even beyond the scope of human cognition, and complete combat tasks autonomously and even creatively according to specific procedures. The distinction between humans and weapons and equipment in the traditional sense has become blurred, and it is even difficult to distinguish whether it is humans or machines that are playing a role. People exclaimed that “humans and weapons and equipment will become a partnership.” Therefore, in intelligent warfare, although humans are still the most important factor in combat effectiveness, the change in the way humans and weapons and equipment are combined has enriched the connotation of combat effectiveness, and the traditional relationship between humans and weapons and equipment will also be reconstructed on this basis.

Intelligent warfare will give rise to the emergence of new combat methods. The epoch-making progress of science and technology will inevitably bring about revolutionary changes in combat methods; major progress in intelligent technology will inevitably bring about an active period of change in combat methods. On the one hand, the continuous emergence of new technologies in the fields of deep cognition, deep learning, deep neural network, etc. driven by computing, data, algorithms, and biology, as well as the cross-integration of achievements in the fields of information, biology, medicine, engineering, manufacturing, etc., will inevitably promote the emergence of new combat methods. On the other hand, the fierce confrontation between intelligent weapon platforms and combat systems will inevitably become the goal and driving force of innovative combat methods. In war, the more intelligent the parts are, the more they become the focus of confrontation. The differences in advantages in terms of space-time cognitive limits, massive information storage and computing capabilities, and neural network organization generation capabilities will bring about new areas of “blinding”, “deafening”, and “paralyzing” combat methods.

Intelligent warfare will incubate a completely new command and control method. The advantages of command and control are the focus of attention in the field of warfare, and intelligent warfare calls for a completely new command and control method. First, human-machine collaborative decision-making has become the main command and decision-making method in intelligent warfare. In previous wars, command and decision-making were all led by commanders, with technical means as auxiliary decision-making. In intelligent warfare, intelligent auxiliary decision-making systems will actively urge or urge commanders to make decisions based on new battlefield situation changes. This is because in the face of massive and rapidly changing battlefield situation information data, the human brain can no longer quickly accommodate and efficiently process it, and human senses can no longer withstand the extraordinary speed of change. In this case, decisions made solely by commanders are likely to be late and useless. Only human-machine collaborative decision-making driven by intelligent decision-making assistance systems can make up for the time and space differences and the machine-computer differences and ensure the command decision-making advantage. Second, brain neural control has become the main command control method in intelligent warfare. In previous wars, commanders issued commands to command and control troops step by step through documents, radios, and telephones in the form of documents or voice. In intelligent warfare, commanders use intelligent brain-like neurons to issue commands to troops through the neural network combat system platform, which reduces the conversion process of command expression forms, shortens the conversion time of commands across media, and is faster and more efficient. When the combat system platform is partially damaged by an attack, this command and control method can autonomously repair or reconstruct the neural network, quickly restore the main function or even all functions, and have stronger anti-attack capabilities.

How should we prepare for intelligent warfare?

In the research and exploration of intelligent warfare, we must not be content to lag behind, but must aim to win future wars and meet the challenges of intelligent warfare with a more proactive attitude, advanced concepts, and positive actions.

Use breakthroughs in intelligent technology to promote the leap in the effectiveness of intelligent combat systems. Although the development of intelligent technology has made great progress in neural network algorithms, intelligent sensing and networking technology, data mining technology, knowledge graph technology, etc., it is still in the weak intelligence stage overall and is far from reaching the advanced stage of strong intelligence. There is still broad room for development in the future. We must strengthen basic research on artificial intelligence, follow the laws of scientific and technological development, scientifically plan the direction of intelligent technology development, select technical breakthroughs, and strengthen key core technologies of artificial intelligence, especially basic research that plays a supporting role. Highlight research on key military technologies. Guided by military needs, we will develop intelligent reconnaissance and perception systems, command and control systems, weapon equipment systems, combat support systems and other weapons and equipment around key military technologies such as intelligent perception, intelligent decision-making, intelligent control, intelligent strike, and intelligent support. We will focus on military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation, give full play to the advantages of civilian intelligent technology development, rely on the superior resources of the military and the local area, strengthen military-civilian strategic cooperation, build a service platform for the joint research and sharing of artificial intelligence scientific and technological achievements, the joint construction and sharing of conditions and facilities, and the joint connection of general standards between the military and the local area, and form a new situation of open, integrated, innovative and development of intelligent combat technology.

Leading innovation in combat methods with the concept of intelligent warfare. To meet the arrival of intelligent warfare, changing concepts is a prerequisite. Concepts are the forerunner of action. If our concepts remain at the traditional level, it will be difficult to adapt to the needs of intelligent warfare. Intelligent warfare has undergone profound changes in technical support, combat power, and winning mechanisms. We must first establish the concept of intelligent warfare and use it to lead the innovation of our army’s future combat methods. First, we must strengthen the competition for “intellectual property rights.” Artificial intelligence is the foundation of intelligent warfare. Depriving and weakening the opponent’s ability to use intelligence in combat and maintaining the freedom of one’s own intelligence use are the basis for ensuring the smooth implementation of intelligent warfare. The armies of developed Western countries are exploring various means such as electromagnetic interference, electronic suppression, high-power microwave penetration and takeover control to block the opponent’s intelligent application capabilities, seize “intelligence control”, and thus seize battlefield advantages. Second, innovate intelligent combat methods. We must focus on giving full play to the overall effectiveness of the intelligent combat system, strengthen the research on new intelligent combat methods such as human-machine collaborative intelligent combat, intelligent robot combat, and intelligent unmanned swarm combat, as well as the processes and methods of intelligent combat command and intelligent combat support. Focus on effectively responding to the enemy’s intelligent combat threats and study strategies to defeat the enemy, such as intelligent blocking warfare and intelligent disruption warfare.

Use intelligent training innovation to promote the transformation of combat power generation mode. Intelligent warfare will be a war jointly implemented by humans and machines, and combat forces with intelligent unmanned combat systems as the main body will play an increasingly important role. It is necessary to adapt to the new characteristics of the intelligent warfare force system, innovate and develop intelligent training concepts, and explore new models for the generation of intelligent warfare combat power. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the training of “people” driving intelligent systems. Relying on big data, cloud computing, VR technology, etc., create a new training environment, continuously improve people’s intelligent literacy, improve the quality of human-machine cognition, understanding, and interaction, and enhance the ability of people to drive intelligent combat systems. On the other hand, it is necessary to explore a new training model with “machines” as the main object. In the past, training was basically human-centered, focusing on people’s proficiency in mastering and using weapons and equipment in a specific environment to improve combat effectiveness. In order to adapt to the new characteristics of the intelligent warfare force system, the training object should change the traditional human-centered training organization concept and model, focus on improving the self-command, self-control, and self-combat capabilities of the intelligent combat system, make full use of the characteristics of the intelligent system’s ability to self-game and self-grow, and form a training system, training environment, and training mechanism specifically for the intelligent combat system, so that the intelligent combat system can obtain a geometric leap in combat capability after a short period of autonomous reinforcement training.

現代國語：

來源：解放軍報 作者：李始江 楊子明 陳分友 責任編輯：喬楠楠 2018-07-26 08:23:16
前言

以深度學習為標志的人工智慧技術突破性成果及其在各領域的應用，將智慧化推上了全球浪潮的新高，也成為各方關注的焦點。在科技創新與應用從未甘落後的軍事領域，也正在積極孕育一場新的變革。我們必須準確把握智能化戰爭的演進脈搏，透析智能化戰爭的內在本質，才能以嶄新的面貌迎接和駕馭智能化戰爭。

智慧化戰爭究竟離我們有多遠？

智能化戰爭，是以人工智慧技術為主要支撐的戰爭。賦予武器平台以人的智慧並取代人在戰場上廝殺，是千百年來人們夢寐以求的願望。隨著AlphaGo和Atlas為代表的人工智慧系統帶給世人的強大沖擊，蜂群作戰、飛行航空母艦等作戰新概念、新平台的初露端倪，智慧化戰爭大門彷彿正在悄然打開。

歷史發展規律預示著智慧化戰爭必將走上戰爭舞台。科學技術的進步推動武器裝備的演進，引發軍隊編成、作戰方式和軍事理論的根本性變化，並最終強制推動戰爭形態的歷史性變革。智能化戰爭的到來也符合這個歷史發展的必然規律。回顧人類戰爭的演變歷程，每一次科學技術的重大進步，都推動著軍事上的重大變革。黑火藥的發明使人類戰爭進化到熱兵器時代，步兵方陣、騎兵方陣在火槍線式作戰方式下被消滅的蕩然無存；蒸汽機在軍事上的運用使人類戰爭進化到機械化時代，並進而催生了以裝甲艦、坦克、飛機引領的大規模機械化戰爭。智慧化技術的出現與應用，必將深刻改變人類認知、戰爭思維與作戰方式，再一次掀起軍事上的重大變革，智慧化戰爭必將走上戰爭舞台。

人工智慧技術的發展進程決定著智慧化戰爭邁進的腳步。人工智慧技術的不斷發展與廣泛應用，推動智慧化戰爭從混沌走向現實，開始萌芽、逐漸成長，一步一步向我們走來。真正進入到智慧化戰爭，人工智慧技術需要邁上四階。第一級台階是計算智能，即突破計算能力的限制、突破存儲空間的限制，實現近乎實時的計算能力和存儲能力，這種能力是大型計算機和龐大服務器遠遠不可比擬的。雲計算的廣泛應用已經將人類穩穩地送上了第一級台階。第二級台階是感知智能，即機器能夠聽得懂、看得懂、辨得真、識得清，能夠與人進行直接交流對話。以大數據為基礎的自然語言理解、圖像圖形認知、生物特徵識別技術，讓人類走上了第二級台階。第三級台階是認知智能，即機器能夠理解人類的思維，能夠像人類一樣進行思考與推理，像人類一樣進行判斷和決策。以深度學習演算法為驅動的知識挖掘、知識圖譜、人工神經網絡、決策樹技術，讓人類努力邁向第三級台階。第四級台階是人機融合式增強型智能，即將人類擅長的感知、推理、歸納、學習，與機器擅長的搜尋、計算、儲存、優化，進行優勢互補、雙向閉環互動。虛擬現實增強技術、類腦認知技術、類腦神經網絡技術，正在探索人類如何邁向第四級。當人類走上第二級台階，智慧化戰爭開始向我們走來；當我們踏上第四級台階時，智慧化戰爭的時代就將全面開啟。

自我學習成長加速著智慧化戰爭變革的突然降臨。 「學習」能力是人工智慧最核心的能力，一旦機器能夠自我學習，其學習速度是驚人的。機器一旦具備自我學習的能力，就會進入一個不斷反復的「提升智慧、加快進化」的快速成長軌道，邁向智慧化戰爭的所有技術困難將隨著「學習」的深入迎刃而解，智能化戰爭時代很可能會以人們意想不到的方式突然降臨！

智能化戰爭究竟會改變什麼？

智能化戰爭將突破傳統時空認知的極限。在智慧化戰爭中，人工智慧技術能夠全時、全局對作戰中全部力量的各種行動信息，進行實時收集、實時計算、實時推送，使人類能夠突破思維的邏輯極限、感官的生理極限和存在的物理極限，大大提高對時間空間的認知範疇，能夠實時精準地掌控所有力量的所有行動，能夠在多維空間、多維空間、多維領域的優勢

智慧化戰爭將重構人與武器裝備的關系。隨著智慧化技術的快速進步，智慧化程度的不斷提升，武器平台和作戰體係不僅能夠被動、機械地執行人的指令，而且能夠在深度理解和深度預測的基礎上，通過機器擅長的算、存、查進行超級放大，從而在一定意義上自主、能動地執行特定任務。可以說，武器平台和作戰體係也可以在某種程度上主動地發揮出人的意識，甚至是超出人類的認識範疇，根據特定程序自主地、甚至是創造性地完成作戰任務，傳統意義上人與武器裝備的區別變得模糊，甚至難以區分是人在發揮作用還是機器在發揮作用，人們驚呼“人與武器裝備將成為夥伴關系”。因此，在智慧化戰爭中，人雖然仍是戰鬥力中最主要的因素，但人與武器裝備結合方式的改變豐富了戰鬥力的內涵，人與武器裝備的傳統關係也將在此基礎上進行重構。

智慧化戰爭將催生新型作戰方式的湧現。科學技術劃時代的進步，必然使作戰方式發生革命性的變化；智慧化技術的重大進步，必然帶來作戰方式變革的活躍期。一方面，以計算、數據、演算法、生物為驅動力的深度認知、深度學習、深度神經等領域不斷湧現的新技術，以及與資訊、生物、醫學、工程、製造等領域成果的交叉融合，必然推動新型作戰方式井噴式的湧現。另一方面，智慧化武器平台與作戰體系的激烈對抗，必然成為創新作戰方式的目標與動力。戰爭中智慧化技術程度越高的部位，越成為對抗中的焦點，時空認知極限、海量資訊存儲計算能力、神經網絡組織生成能力等方面的優勢差，將會帶來新領域的「致盲」「致聾」「致癱」作戰方式。

智慧化戰爭將孵化全新的指揮控制方式。指揮控制的優勢是戰爭領域的關注焦點，智慧化戰爭呼喚全新的指揮控制方式。一是人機協同決策成為智慧化戰爭中主要的指揮決策方式。以往戰爭中的指揮決策，都是以指揮為主導，牽引技術手段的輔助決策。在智慧化戰爭中，智慧輔助決策系統將根據新的戰場態勢變化，主動督促或催促指揮員做出決策。這是因為面對海量的、瞬息萬變的戰場態勢資訊數據，人的大腦已經無法快速容納和高效處理、人的感官已經無法承受超常規的變化速度。在這種情況下，單純依靠指揮員形成的決策很可能是遲到的、無用的決策。只有在智慧化輔助決策系統推動下的人機協同決策，才能夠彌補時空差和機腦差，確保指揮決策優勢。二是腦神經控製成為智慧化戰爭中主要的指令控制方式。以往戰爭中，指揮員透過文件、電台、電話，以文書或語音的形式，逐級下達指令指揮控制部隊。在智慧化戰爭中，指揮員用智慧化類腦神經元，透過神經網絡作戰體系平台向部隊下達指令，減少了指令表現形式的轉換過程，縮短了指令跨媒體的轉換時間，節奏更快、效率更高。當作戰體系平台遭到攻擊部分破壞時，這種指揮控制方式能夠自主修復或自主重構神經網絡，迅速恢復主體功能甚至全部功能，抗打擊能力更強。

我們應該如何迎接智能化戰爭？

在智慧化作戰的研究與探索中，絕不能甘於落後追隨，必須瞄準打贏未來戰爭，要以更主動的姿態、先進的理念、積極的行動，迎接智慧化戰爭的挑戰。

以智慧化技術突破推動智慧化作戰體系效能躍升。智慧化技術的發展目前雖然在神經網絡演算法、智慧傳感與組網技術、數據挖掘技術、知識圖譜技術等方面有了較大進展，但總體而言仍處於弱智能階段，遠未達到強智能高級階段，未來仍有廣闊的發展空間。要強化人工智慧基礎研究，遵循科學技術發展的規律，科學規劃智慧化技術發展方向，選好技術突破口，加強人工智慧關鍵核心技術，特別是起支撐作用的基礎性研究。突出軍用關鍵技術研究。以軍事需求為牽引，圍繞智慧感知、智慧決策、智慧控制、智慧打擊、智慧保障等軍用關鍵技術，發展智慧化偵察感知系統、指揮控制系統、武器裝備系統、作戰保障系統等武器裝備。抓好軍民科技協同創新，充分發揮民用智慧技術發展優勢，依托軍地優勢資源，強化軍地戰略協作，搭建人工智慧科技成果共研共享、條件設施共建共用、通用標準軍地銜接的服務平台，形成智慧化作戰科技開放融合創新發展新局面。

以智能化作戰理念引領作戰方式創新。迎接智能化戰爭的到來，轉變觀念才是前提。觀念是行動的先導，如果我們的觀念還停留在傳統層面，就難以適應智慧化戰爭的需要。智慧化戰爭在技術支撐、作戰力量、制勝機理等方面都發生了深刻變化，要求我們必須先確立智慧化戰爭理念，並以此引領我軍未來作戰方式創新。一是要強化「制智權」爭奪。人工智慧是智慧化戰爭的基礎，作戰中剝奪和削弱對手智慧運用能力，保持己方智慧運用的自由，是確保智慧化作戰順利實施的基礎。西方發達國家軍隊正探索通過電磁幹擾、電子壓制、高功率微波穿透和接管控制等多種手段，阻斷對手的智能運用能力，奪取“制智權”，從而奪取戰場優勢。二是創新智能化作戰方式方法。要著眼於充分發揮智慧化作戰體系整體效能，加強人機協同智慧作戰、智慧化機器人作戰、智慧無人群聚作戰等的新的智慧化作戰方式方法研究，以及智慧化作戰指揮、智慧化作戰保障的流程與方式方法等。著眼有效應對敵智能化作戰威脅，研究克敵制勝之策，如智慧阻斷戰、智慧擾亂戰等。

以智慧化訓練創新催生戰鬥力生成模式轉變。智慧化戰爭將是人機結合共同實施的戰爭，以智慧化無人作戰系統為主體的作戰力量將發揮越來越重要的作用。必須適應智慧化戰爭力量體系新特點，創新發展智慧化訓練概念，探索智慧化戰爭戰鬥力生成新模式。一方面，要強化「人」駕馭智慧系統訓練。依託大數據、雲計算、VR技術等創設新型訓練環境，不斷提升人的智慧化素養，改善人機認知、理解、互動品質，提升人駕馭智慧化作戰系統的能力。另一方面，要探索以「機」為主體對象的新型訓練模式。過去的訓練基本是以人為主體對象的訓練，聚焦於人在特定環境下熟練掌握和使用武器裝備提高作戰效能。適應智慧化戰爭力量體系構成新特點，在訓練的對像上改變傳統訓練中以人為中心的訓練組織理念和模式，聚焦於智能化作戰系統自我指揮、自我控制、自我作戰能力的提升，充分利用智能化系統能夠自我博弈、自我成長的特點，形成專門針對智能化作戰系統訓練體系、訓練環境和訓練機制，從而使智能化作戰系統獲得短期的自主訓練即可升躍獲得短期能力強化的倍數。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/482056188.html?

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Chinese #Space #Warfare, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Future Wars

What is “new” about Chinese Military New Warfare Domain and New Quality Combat Force?

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軍新戰爭領域、新優質作戰力量究竟「新」在哪裡？

來源：解放軍報 作者：劉海江 責任編輯：劉上靖 2022-11-29 15:14:13

現代英語：

The report of the 20th CPC National Congress proposed to increase the proportion of new-domain and new-quality combat forces. In today’s world, the war situation is accelerating its evolution towards intelligence, and a large number of advanced technologies are widely used in the military field. New-domain and new-quality combat forces have become the commanding heights of strategic competition among major powers and the key force to win the future. Developing new-domain and new-quality combat forces has become a priority option for the world’s military powers. Understanding what is “new” about new-domain and new-quality combat forces is of great value in clarifying ideas, building scientifically, and improving quality and efficiency.

New developments in space

The space domain is the attribute embodiment of the environment that combat forces rely on and the scope of influence. With the expansion of the scope of human activities and the development of national interests, the current military struggle space has exceeded the traditional land, territorial waters and airspace, and has continuously expanded to the deep sea, space, electromagnetic and other fields, and new domains and new types of combat forces have also emerged.

The scope of action has entered social cognition. The scope of action of new-domain and new-quality combat forces has expanded from the traditional physical domain to the social domain and cognitive domain. In the era of intelligence, disruptive technologies represented by artificial intelligence are accelerating the expansion of the scope of influence of combat forces. The rapid application of technologies such as biological cross-fertilization, brain science, and human-computer interface has promoted the deep penetration and high integration of intelligent network systems and human social activities. New situations and new means such as “intelligent deep forgery” and “fabrication of information manholes” have surfaced in large numbers, and the struggle in the social domain and cognitive domain has gradually evolved into a new domain and new “trend” for power games.

The activity space is more three-dimensional and diversified. Driven by advanced technology, new domain and new quality combat forces have broken through the traditional space of land, sea, air and space, and the scope of activities is more three-dimensional and diversified. The deep sea, space, underground, polar regions, etc. have become new territories for the competition of new domain and new quality combat forces, and have grown into a “new section” for leveraging the combat space. In 2018, the U.S. Department of Defense issued the “National Defense Space Strategy”. Against the background of the establishment of an independent space force and space command in the United States, its space force has evolved into a synonym for comprehensive space capabilities that integrate military, political, economic, and diplomatic capabilities.

Battlefield dimensions emphasize high-level multi-dimensionality. New domain and new quality combat forces often achieve performance aggregation through high-level multi-dimensional deployment, which is very different from the battlefield deployment of conventional forces. With the extension of battlefield dimensions such as network and electromagnetic, the matrix distribution of new domain and new quality combat forces has broken through the traditional three-dimensional limitations and expanded to a high-level space of high-dimensional, full-dimensional, and large-scale joint. At the end of 2019, the US military launched the concept of “all-domain operations”, integrating space, network, electromagnetic and missile defense capabilities, claiming to compete with competitors in all possible conflict dimensions.

Winning mechanism highlights new changes

The winning mechanism contains the mechanism and principle of seizing the right to occupy and winning. At present, the winning mechanism of intelligent high-end warfare is undergoing profound changes. The new domain and new quality combat force is precisely the “blade” that conforms to the evolution of the war form and conforms to the winning mechanism of intelligent high-end warfare.

The focus of force confrontation is on dimensionality reduction and intelligence control. For new domain and new quality combat forces, data drive is the driving force of power, breaking the network chain is the focus of action, and dimensionality reduction and intelligence control is the focus of confrontation. New domain and new quality combat forces confront based on advanced algorithms and intelligent models, effectively drive key nodes such as cloud, terminal, and library of intelligent combat systems, and form intelligent advantages based on data resources. At the same time, focus on attacking weak links such as the enemy’s data chain system and mobile communication network, cut off the enemy’s cross-domain actions, and block its energy release.

The action path tends to be compound and iterative. Conventional combat forces generally achieve the expected effect through the superposition and accumulation of soft kill and hard destruction, while new domain and new quality combat forces use compound iteration of action effects as an effective path for efficient energy release. In the process of action, it not only emphasizes the role of new forces and new means such as hypersonic, long-range precision, laser electromagnetic and high-power microwave, but also focuses on multi-domain effects such as comprehensive algorithm control, network point paralysis, electromagnetic confrontation, psychological offense and defense, and public opinion building, so as to achieve cross-domain release of combat effects, multi-domain resonance and iterative efficiency enhancement.

The game mode focuses on gray over-limit. Traditional combat forces often pursue the direct effect of damage and destruction, while new domain and new quality combat forces pay more attention to gray over-limit battlefield games. The essence is to effectively reduce domains and control intelligence through non-military destruction, unconventional warfare and non-physical destruction in more fields, wider dimensions and wider ranges based on intelligent means and intelligent tools. It is reported that the US military has developed more than 2,000 computer virus weapons such as Stuxnet, Flame, and Shute, and has successfully used them in battlefields such as Syria and Iran. At present, the US military is striving to use projects such as the “National Cyber ​​​​Range” to continue to consolidate its dominant position.

New mutations emerge in science and technology

Science and technology have always been the most dynamic and revolutionary factor in military development. Entering the new century, leading, cutting-edge, and disruptive technologies have shown a “booming” growth and have become an important variable in promoting the development of new domains and new types of combat forces.

Mutations come from emerging technologies. Advanced technologies play a vital role in driving the development of combat forces. The core technologies that support new-domain and new-quality combat forces have been rapidly transformed from traditional categories to emerging fields. In today’s world, intelligent technology has made new progress, unmanned system technology has entered an explosive period, space confrontation technology has flourished, network combat technology has advanced in depth, new concept weapons technology has attracted much attention, and fusion technology has given birth to disruptive innovation. As the key to changing the rules of the war game, new-domain and new-quality combat forces must firmly grasp the “key to victory” of emerging technologies.

Mutations present cluster effects. Breakthroughs in advanced science and technology often have a decisive impact on the development of new domain and new quality combat forces. In the era of intelligence, the science and technology system is more complex and systematic, and the role of core and key technologies emphasizes cluster effects and overall emergence. At present, the world’s military science and technology presents an all-round, multi-domain, and deep-level development trend. Various professional directions are accelerating through multi-point breakthroughs, multi-party penetration, and deep integration. The key technologies that support new domain and new quality combat forces are also undergoing a transformation from single competition to cluster promotion.

Mutation favors integration and crossover. Advanced science and technology have a subversive effect of changing the rules of engagement and breaking the conventional path in promoting the development of new domain and new quality combat forces. Today, the development of cutting-edge technology is shifting from conventional disciplines to cutting-edge crossovers. Big crossovers, big integrations, and big breakthroughs have become the general trend. The world’s military powers have increased their investment in artificial intelligence, biological crossovers, advanced computing, hypersonics, and other directions, and have used integration and crossover as an effective way to innovate cutting-edge technologies, competing for the strategic commanding heights of the development of new domain and new quality combat forces.

New modes for weapons and equipment

Weapons and equipment have always been an effective carrier for combat forces to exert their effectiveness. The weapons and equipment of new-domain and new-quality combat forces have the characteristics of new technology, new functions, and new modes. They can effectively exert new-domain and new-quality combat capabilities, create a window of advantage, paralyze the opponent’s system, and form a shock effect.

Platform equipment focuses on intelligent unmanned. At present, the platform equipment of new domain and new quality combat forces has broken through the conventional manned control mode and accelerated the transformation to intelligent unmanned form. In recent years, based on the rapid application of intelligent unmanned technology, full-spectrum unmanned platforms, intelligent equipment and unmanned swarms have experienced explosive growth. The US military’s “Global Hawk” and “Predator” drones have been put into actual combat in large numbers, and the F-35 and the unmanned version of the F-16 have continuously strengthened manned and unmanned collaboration through the “Loyal Wingman” program. The US military plans that drones will account for 90% of its air force aircraft equipment in the future.

The weapon system highlights heterogeneity and versatility. The integration of various types of data links, standards and waveforms provides a richer set of technical integration tools for the weapon systems of new-domain and new-quality combat forces. The weapon systems of new-domain and new-quality combat forces have changed the fixed state of individual operation and static combination, and have placed more emphasis on heterogeneous hinges and data conversion based on network information systems to quickly build cross-domain and cross-dimensional wide-area distributed weapon systems. In 2017, the US military proposed the concept of “mosaic warfare”, envisioning the use of dynamic distribution technology to transform the previously centralized and static weapon systems into heterogeneous and multi-functional ones.

The equipment system is more flexible and open. The equipment system of the new domain and new quality combat force has changed the structural mode of element series connection and unit parallel connection, becoming more flexible and open. With the help of “decentralized” design, the new domain and new quality combat force distributes the key functions of the equipment system nodes to each unit module, which can effectively avoid the passive situation of paralysis as a whole once a certain type or some key equipment is hit. In recent years, the US military has actively promoted the test and verification of “sewing” new electronic system integration technology, which is to accelerate the development of new information fusion and interoperability technologies.

New forms of force formation

Force organization is a form of deployment of combat forces, which directly affects the role and effectiveness of combat forces. New-domain and new-type combat forces have the characteristics of new force platforms, wide range of areas involved, innovative combat mechanisms, and sudden technological development. Force organization is significantly different from traditional forces.

The integration of elements emphasizes dynamic reconstruction. New-domain and new-quality combat forces have realized the dynamic reconstruction and cross-domain integration of combat elements, and promoted the transformation of combat elements from static matching to dynamic reconstruction. Based on the support of intelligent network information system, new-domain and new-quality combat forces can give full play to the derivative effectiveness of intelligent technology, and build a fusion iterative update mechanism of system elements based on autonomous and intelligent battlefield real-time command and control. Through heterogeneous functional elements and unit modules, iterative updates of system elements, reorganization and optimization of system structure, and evolutionary improvement of system capabilities can be achieved.

The unit architecture relies on cross-domain networking. The new domain and new quality combat force has achieved a leap from intra-domain combination to multi-domain aggregation of the unit architecture. Using advanced information network technology and based on mutually cooperative functional nodes, the new domain and new quality combat force can build a distributed “kill network” with good resilience to achieve wide-area configuration, cross-domain networking and multi-domain aggregation of combat units and basic modules. In the U.S. Army’s “Convergence Plan 2020” exercise, the “Firestorm” artificial intelligence-assisted decision-making system was able to achieve target input for the cutting-edge “Gray Eagle” drone within 20 seconds, and connect with attack weapons such as glide guided bombs, helicopters, and ground artillery.

The formation structure emphasizes human-machine hybrid. The new domain and new quality combat force has realized the transformation of the formation structure from manned to man-machine hybrid. The application of a large number of unmanned platforms and unmanned combat clusters enables the new domain and new quality combat force to rely on the intelligent combat system to form a heterogeneous and diverse open hybrid formation. Various unmanned system platforms are based on artificial intelligence and machine learning technology to autonomously build links and networks and generate multiple sets of combination plans. With the help of auxiliary decision-making tools, commanders can quickly select the best man-machine hybrid formation to achieve intelligent decision-making and unexpected victory.

現代國語：

來源：解放軍報 作者：劉海江 責任編輯：劉上靖 2022-11-29 15:14:13

黨的二十大報告提出，增加新域新質作戰力量比重。當今世界，戰爭形態加速向智慧化演變，大量先進科技在軍事領域廣泛應用，新域新質作戰力量已成為大國戰略競爭的製高點和製勝未來的關鍵力量。發展新域新質作戰力量已成為世界軍事強國的優先選項。認清新域新質作戰力量到底「新」在哪裡，對於釐清思維、科學抓建、提升質效有重要價值。

空間領域出現新拓展

空間領域是作戰力量環境依賴和影響範圍的屬性體現。隨著人類活動範圍的擴大和國家利益的發展，當前軍事鬥爭空間已經超越傳統的領陸、領海和領空，不斷向深海、太空、電磁等領域拓展，新域新質作戰力量也隨之應運而生。

作用領域進入社會認知。新域新質作戰力量的作用領域已由傳統的物理域擴展進入社會域、認知域。智慧化時代，以人工智慧為代表的顛覆性技術加速擴展作戰力量的影響領域。生物交叉、類腦科學和人機介面等技術的快速應用，促使智慧化網絡體係與人類社會活動深度滲透、高度融合。 「智慧深度偽造」「編制資訊繭房」等新情況、新手段大量浮出水面，社會域、認知域的鬥爭已逐漸演變為力量博弈的新領域和新「風口」。

活動空間更加立體多元。在先進技術推動下，新域新質作戰力量已突破陸、海、空、天等傳統空間，活動範圍更加立體多元。深海、太空、地下、極地等都已成為新域新質作戰力量角逐比拼的新領地，並成長為撬動作戰空間的「新版塊」。 2018年，美國國防部發布《國防太空戰略》，在美國成立獨立太空軍和太空司令部的背景下，其太空力量已經演變成為集軍事、政治、經濟、外交等於一體的太空綜合能力代名詞。

戰場維度強調高階多維。新域新質作戰力量往往透過高層的多維布勢實現效能聚合，與常規力量的戰場部署表現出極大不同。隨著網絡、電磁等戰場維度的延展，新域新質作戰力量的矩陣分佈已突破傳統的三維限制，擴展到高立體、全維度、大聯合的高階空間。 2019年底，美軍推出「全域作戰」概念，將太空、網路、電磁和導彈防禦等能力整合，聲稱要與競爭對手在所有可能的沖突維度展開競爭。

制勝機理突顯新變化

制勝機理蘊含著搶佔制權、奪取勝利的機制和原理。當前，智慧化高端戰爭的製勝機理正在發生深刻改變，新域新質作戰力量恰恰正是順應戰爭形態演變、契合智能化高端戰爭制勝機理的「刀鋒」。

力量對抗聚焦降維制智。對新域新質作戰力量來說，數據驅動是力量的動力源，破擊網鍊是作用的著力處，降維制智是對抗的聚焦點。新域新質作戰力量基於先進演算法和智慧模型對抗，有效驅動智慧化作戰體系雲、端、庫等關鍵節點，形成基於數據資源的智慧優勢。同時，注重打擊敵方數據鏈體系和行動通訊網等弱點，切斷敵跨域行動，阻隔其能量釋放。

作用路徑傾向複合迭代。常規作戰力量一般透過軟殺傷和硬摧毀的疊加累積達成預期效果，新域新質作戰力量則將作用效果的複合迭代作為高效釋能的有效路徑。作用過程中，其不僅強調發揮高超聲速、遠程精確、雷射電磁和高功率微波等新力量、新手段的作用，而且注重綜合演算法控制、網點毀癱、電磁對抗、心理攻防和輿論造勢等多域效果，以實現作戰效果的跨域釋放、多域共振和迭代增效。

博弈方式註重灰色超限。傳統作戰力量常常追求毀傷破壞的直接作用，新域新質作戰力量更重視灰色超限的戰場賽局。實質是基於智慧手段和智慧工具，在更多領域、更寬維度和更廣範圍，通過非軍事破壞、非常規作戰和非物理摧毀等作用方式，有效降域制智。據悉，美軍已研發出震網、火焰、舒特等2,000多種電腦病毒武器，並在敘利亞、伊朗等戰場成功使用。目前，美軍正力求藉助「國家網絡靶場」等項目，持續鞏固其優勢地位。

科學技術湧現新突變

科學技術一直以來都是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。進入新世紀，先導性、前衛性、顛覆性技術呈現「井噴式」成長，並成為推動新域新質作戰力量發展的重要變數。

突變源於新興科技。先進科技對作戰力量的產生發展具有至關重要的驅動作用，而支撐新域新質作戰力量的核心技術已由傳統範疇加速向新興領域轉變。當今世界，智慧技術取得新進展，無人系統技術進入爆發期，空間對抗技術蓬勃興起，網絡作戰技術向縱深推進，新概念武器技術備受關注，融合技術催生顛覆性創新。新域新質作戰力量作為改變戰爭遊戲規則的關鍵，必須緊緊扭住新興科技這把「勝利之鑰」。

突變呈現集群效應。先進科技的突破往往對新域新質作戰力量的發展有決定性影響。在智慧化時代，科技體系的複雜程度更高、系統性更強，核心和關鍵技術的作用發揮更加強調集群效應和整體湧現。當前，世界軍事科技呈現全方位、多領域、深層的發展態勢，各專業方向透過多點突破、多方滲透和深度融合等方式加速推進，支撐新域新質作戰力量的關鍵技術也正在經歷由單項比拼向集群推動轉換。

突變青睞融合交叉。先進科技對於推動新域新質作戰力量發展，具有改變交戰規則、打破常規路徑的顛覆性效果。如今，前沿技術的發展正由常規學科延伸向前沿交叉轉移，大交叉、大融合、大突破已成為大勢所趨。世界軍事強國紛紛在人工智慧、生物交叉、先進計算、高超音波等方向加大投入，並將融合交叉作為前沿技術創新的有效途徑，爭相搶佔新域新質作戰力量發展的戰略制高點。

武器裝備呈現新模態

武器裝備一直以來都是作戰力量發揮效用的有效載體。新域新質作戰力量的武器裝備具有技術新、功能新、模態新等特點，可有效發揮新域新質作戰能力，創設優勢窗口，毀癱對方體系，形成震懾效應。

平台裝備側重於智慧無人。當前，新域新質作戰力量的平台裝備已經突破有人為主的常規操控模式，加速向智慧化無人形態轉變。近年來，基於智慧化無人技術的快速應用，全譜係無人平台、智慧裝備和無人蜂群迎來爆發性成長。美軍「全球鷹」「掠食者」等無人機已大量投入實戰，F-35與無人版F-16通過「忠誠僚機」計畫不斷強化有人無人協同。美軍規劃未來無人機將佔到其空軍飛機裝備量的90%。

武器系統突顯異構多能。多種類型的數據鏈、標準和波形的整合，為新域新質作戰力量的武器系統提供了更豐富的技術整合工具。新域新質作戰力量的武器系統改變了個體運行、靜態組合的固定狀態，更加強調基於網絡資訊體系的異構鉸鍊和數據轉換，以快速構建跨領域、穿維度的廣域分散式武器系統。 2017年，美軍提出「馬賽克戰」概念，設想藉助動態分佈技術將以往集中靜態的武器系統變得異構且多能。

裝備體系更彈性開放。新域新質作戰力量的裝備體系改變了要素串聯、單元並聯的結構化模式，變得更有彈性開放。透過「去中心化」設計，新域新質作戰力量將裝備體系節點的關鍵功能分散至各單元模塊，可有效避免一旦某類或某些重點裝備遭到打擊，整體陷入癱瘓的被動局面。近幾年，美軍積極推進「縫合」全新電子系統整合技術的試驗驗證，就是要加速研發新型資訊融合與互通技術。

力量編組顯現新樣態

力量編組是作戰力量編配的形式體現，直接影響作戰力量的角色發揮與效能釋放。新域新質作戰力量具有力量平台新生性、涉及領域廣泛性、作戰機理創新性和技術發展突變性等特徵，力量編組與傳統力量相比有著明顯不同。

要素融合強調動態重構。新域新質作戰力量實現了作戰要素的動態重構與跨域融合，推動了作戰要素由靜態搭配向動態重構的轉變。基於智慧化網絡資訊體系的支撐，新域新質作戰力量可充分發揮智慧技術的衍生效能，基於自主化、智慧化的戰場實時指揮控制，構建一種體係要素的融合式迭代更新機制。通過異構的功能要素和單元模塊，實現體係要素的迭代更新、體系結構的重組優化和體系能力的演進提升。

單元架構借助跨域組網。新域新質作戰力量實現了單元架構由域內組合向多域聚合躍升。利用先進的資訊網絡技術，基於相互協作的功能節點，新域新質作戰力量可構建具有良好韌性的分佈式“殺傷網”，以實現作戰單元和基本模塊的廣域配置、跨域組網和多域聚合。在美陸軍「融合計畫2020」演習中，「火焰風暴」人工智慧輔助決策系統能夠在20秒鐘內實現前沿「灰鷹」無人機的目標輸入，並與滑翔導引炸彈、直升機、地面火砲等攻擊武器連接起來。

編組構成講求人機混合。新域新質作戰力量實現了編組構成由有人為主向人機混合轉變。大量無人平台和無人作戰集群的應用，使得新域新質作戰力量能夠依托智能化作戰體系，形成異構多樣的開放式混合編組。各類無人系統平台基於人工智慧與機器學習技術，自主建鏈組網，產生多套組合方案。指揮員借助輔助決策工具，可快速選定最優的人機混合編組，以實現智慧決策、出奇制勝。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/492720888.html

#Artificial #Intelligence, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Dissipative Warfare, Intelligent Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Chinese Military Actively Responds to Challenges of Intelligent Warfare

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中國軍隊積極應對智慧化戰爭挑戰

現代英語：

Actively respond to the challenges of intelligent warfare

■Yin Junsong, Li Minghai, Li Shijiang, Gao Kai

introduction

In recent years, the wave of intelligence has surged and has been widely used in the military field. Major countries in the world attach great importance to the construction and application of military intelligence. Various unmanned combat platforms and intelligent weapons and equipment continue to appear and are equipped in the army for actual combat. In the face of the accelerated evolution of the intelligent form of war, only by seizing development opportunities, actively responding to challenges, accelerating the development of military intelligence, and accelerating the forging of intelligent combat capabilities can we seize the strategic initiative of intelligent warfare and win the future intelligent war.

Focusing on the creation of intelligent theory of war design

Military theory originates from combat practice and is used to guide combat practice. In the past, due to various restrictions, military theory research was mostly “looking back”, that is, summarizing combat cases to form combat guidance. With the rapid development of modern technology, especially disruptive technologies such as big data and cloud computing, combat theory research has broken away from the traditional follow-up and inductive reasoning mode and entered a new era of experimental warfare and designed warfare. New disruptive technologies in the field of intelligence have opened up new space for innovation in military theory. To this end, we should follow the idea of ​​”proposing concepts-demand analysis-innovative theories” to create the basic theory of intelligent warfare, and conduct in-depth research on the conceptual connotation, essential characteristics, war guidance, combat style, offensive and defensive actions, winning mechanism, characteristics and laws of intelligent warfare; innovate intelligent warfare methods and methods, give full play to the overall effectiveness of the intelligent combat system, strengthen the research on new intelligent combat methods and methods such as human-machine collaborative intelligent warfare, intelligent robot warfare, and intelligent unmanned cluster warfare, as well as the processes and methods of intelligent combat command and intelligent combat support; focus on effectively responding to intelligent combat threats and study strategies to defeat the enemy, such as intelligent blocking warfare and intelligent disruption warfare. These theories are the cornerstone of the intelligent warfare theory system. In the future, the war theory centered on strengthening “intellectual power” and competing for “algorithm-centric warfare” is very likely to replace the war theory centered on “network-centric warfare”.

Focusing on cross-domain interconnection and exploring intelligent forms

Military organization is the link between military technology and combat theory, and is the lever for exerting the overall combat effectiveness of the army. Modern combat emphasizes “elite combat under the support of a large system”, that is, with the support of the joint combat system, “elite front and strong back”, and organizes precise and multi-functional combat modules according to the idea of ​​”integrated design, modular organization, and combined use” to maximize the release of combat energy. The system organization of future intelligent warfare will form small, multi-functional, intelligent new joint combat forces of different types and purposes according to different levels of strategy, campaign, and tactics and different military arms, and emphasize the organization of “global” forces that can perform diversified combat tasks. Through intelligent combat networks, according to the requirements of reconfigurability, scalability and adaptability, single weapon platforms can be seamlessly linked and flexibly organized according to changes in the enemy situation, battlefield environment, etc., and then aggregate to form system advantages and form an integrated offensive and defensive combat module. The new intelligent combat force system is the comprehensive product of the development of artificial intelligence technology, the formation of new quality combat power and the evolution of war forms. It is the “trump card” to seize the initiative in the future all-domain combat space, the key to the construction of an integrated joint combat system, and a new growth point for the army’s combat effectiveness.

Focusing on the integration of man and machine to develop intelligent weapons

With the development of information technology and intelligent technology, whoever can win in the field of artificial intelligence will have the opportunity to take the initiative in future military confrontation. We should focus on the dual needs of intelligent war system operations and intelligent weapons and equipment system construction, do a good job in top-level design and overall coordination, compile a roadmap for the development of intelligent weapons and equipment systems, and develop intelligent unmanned combat equipment systems that match operations and support in a planned, focused, and step-by-step manner, covering land, sea, air, space, electricity, and network space fields, and establish a “human-led, machine-assisted, mixed formation, and joint action” manned-unmanned collaborative system to enhance the system integration of various military services and various intelligent weapons and equipment such as operations and support. Intelligent unmanned combat systems are a new trend in the development of future war equipment. Its core lies in aiming at the requirements of “zero casualties”, “full coverage”, and “fast response” in future wars, making full use of the development results of new theories, new materials, new processes, new energy, and new technologies, and continuously making breakthroughs in human-machine collaboration and autonomous action. We will build a three-level unmanned equipment system of strategy, campaign, and tactics, build a new type of intelligent unmanned division on a large scale, and realize the systematic collaborative operations of unmanned combat systems. At the same time, we should focus on the needs of unmanned and anti-unmanned, intelligent and anti-intelligent combat, and pay attention to the research and development of weapons and equipment systems for anti-enemy intelligent unmanned combat, to ensure that we can effectively engage in intelligent unmanned offensive and defensive confrontation with the enemy.

Focus on the ability to combine innovation and intelligent training

The professional division of modern warfare is becoming more and more detailed, and the entire combat system is becoming more and more complex, which promotes the transformation of combat from labor-intensive to technology-intensive. It requires that combatants must not only have good physical fitness, but also have good technical literacy and intellectual advantages to cope with the needs of different combat tasks, combat environments, and combat opponents. Military intelligence has put forward higher requirements on the quality of people. Correspondingly, intelligent military talents should have the characteristics of talent group, advanced skills, complex knowledge, innovative thinking, and intelligent decision-making. Intelligent warfare will be a war jointly implemented by man and machine, and combat forces with intelligent unmanned combat systems as the main body will play an increasingly important role. Only the effective combination of high-quality personnel and intelligent weapons can maximize the combat effectiveness. It is necessary to adapt to the new characteristics of the intelligent warfare force system, innovate and develop intelligent training concepts, and explore new models for the generation of intelligent warfare combat effectiveness. At present, artificial intelligence technology can create a more “real” weapon operation experience and battlefield environment, and can realistically interpret the combat process, assist decision-making and command, and evaluate combat concepts. To this end, we should adapt to the new characteristics of the intelligent war force system, focus on improving the self-command, self-control, and self-combat capabilities of the intelligent combat system, make full use of the characteristics of the intelligent system that can self-game and self-grow, form a training system, training environment, and training mechanism specifically for the intelligent combat system, strengthen the training of “people” to control the intelligent system, and explore a new training model with “machines” as the main object. In this way, the intelligent combat system can obtain a leap in combat capability through short-term autonomous intensive training to cope with the test of disorder, complexity, and uncertainty in the future combat environment.

Focus on improving the guarantee model with precision and efficiency

In the intelligent battlefield, the realization degree of comprehensive support for joint operations is an important factor that directly affects the generation of combat effectiveness of troops. The development of intelligent technology will inevitably trigger revolutionary changes in the construction of the joint combat support system and realize intelligent comprehensive support. Comprehensive support is the foundation of combat effectiveness and a bridge for transforming the country’s economic strength into the combat capability of troops. With the continuous maturity of Internet of Things technology, intelligent warfare places more emphasis on integrated support, precise support, and distribution support, that is, delivering to the required location at the required time according to the required quantity. Relying on the integrated support system, the dispersed support forces and resources will be organized according to functional modules such as supply, materials, maintenance, ammunition and management, so that they cover all areas of combat service support work. Relying on visualization technology, the current status of combat supply will be tracked and mastered throughout the process, and information control, reception and distribution of personnel and material flows will be carried out according to the real-time development of the battle situation, so as to achieve point-to-point direct support. By using technologies such as the Internet of Things, drones, smart cars, remote surgery, and 3D printing, we will upgrade and create an intelligent after-sales support system covering smart warehousing, smart delivery, smart maintenance, and smart medical care. This will enable automatic, rapid, and accurate replenishment of battlefield after-sales materials, rapid diagnosis and repair of equipment failures, and timely rescue of battlefield personnel. We will transform passive support into active service, and improve the overall efficiency and benefits of after-sales support.

Focusing on military and civilian dual-use to deepen intelligent integration

Breakthroughs in the core key technologies of artificial intelligence are the “national heavy weapons” to deal with the threats and challenges of intelligent warfare. The rapid development of intelligent technology has become an accelerator of military intelligence. In the information age, the boundaries between military and civilian technologies are becoming increasingly blurred, and their convertibility is becoming stronger and stronger. Actively establish a military-civilian collaborative innovation mechanism, continuously strengthen the driving force for the innovation and development of intelligent core technologies, build an open industry-university-research collaborative innovation system for the whole society, make forward-looking arrangements and support investments in core cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, give full play to the innovative power of the entire society, and promote the rapid and sustainable development of military intelligence. Accelerate the advancement of technological breakthroughs in key areas. We must focus on relevant key technology areas and break the technical bottlenecks that restrict the development of military intelligence. Strengthen research in the basic support areas of military intelligence, such as military big data and military Internet of Things; based on combat needs, strengthen research on intelligent application technologies in various combat elements, especially research on intelligent command decision-making, intelligent weapon platforms, intelligent battlefield perception, and intelligent confrontation technologies. The research and development of core key technologies of military intelligence should not only carry out cross-disciplinary and cross-domain collaborative innovation, but also make social intelligence and military intelligence development dock and track, learn from mature technologies and successful experiences in the development of social intelligence, and promote the rapid embedding of various artificial intelligence technologies into combat elements and combat processes. To accelerate the development of military intelligence, we should speed up the exploration of the training rules of relevant talents, make full use of military and local educational resources, increase the training of relevant talents, and provide solid intellectual support and talent guarantee for promoting the construction of military intelligence.

現代國語：

積極因應戰爭形態智慧化挑戰

■尹峻松 李明海 李始江 高凱

引言

近年來，智慧化浪潮洶湧而來，並在軍事領域廣泛應用。世界主要國家高度重視軍事智慧化建設和應用，各種無人作戰平台和智慧化武器裝備不斷出現，並列裝部隊投入實戰。面對戰爭形態智能化加速演變，只有把握發展機遇，積極應對挑戰，加速軍事智能化發展，加速鍛造智能化作戰能力，才能奪取智能化戰爭戰略主動，從而打贏未來智能化戰爭。

著眼設計戰爭創建智慧化理論

軍事理論源自於作戰實踐，並用於指導作戰實踐。過去受各種條件的限制，軍事理論研究多是“向後看”，即總結戰例形成作戰指導。隨著現代技術，尤其是大數據、雲端運算等顛覆性技術的快速發展，使作戰理論研究擺脫了傳統的跟進式、歸納推理式的模式，走入了實驗戰爭、設計戰爭的新時代。智慧領域新的顛覆性技術，為軍事理論創新開啟了新的空間。為此，我們應依照「提出概念—需求分析—創新理論」的思路，創造智慧化戰爭基礎理論，深入研究智慧化戰爭的概念內涵、本質特徵、戰爭指導、作戰樣式、攻防行動、制勝機理、特徵規律等內容；創新智慧化作戰方式，充分發揮智慧化作戰方式體系整體效能，加強人機協同智慧作戰、智慧化機器人作戰、智慧無人集群作戰等新的智慧化作戰方式方法研究，以及智慧化作戰指揮、智慧化作戰保障的流程和方式方法等；著眼有效應對智慧化作戰威脅，研究克敵制勝之策，如智慧阻斷戰、智慧擾亂戰等。這些理論是智慧化戰爭理論體系的基石。未來以強化「制智權」爭奪「演算法中心戰」為核心的戰爭理論，極有可能取代以「網路中心戰」為核心的戰爭理論。

著眼於跨域互聯探索智慧化形態

軍隊組織是連結軍事技術和作戰理論的紐帶，是發揮軍隊整體作戰效能的槓桿。現代作戰更強調“大體系支撐下的精兵作戰”，即以聯合作戰體系為支撐，“精前台、強後台”，按照“一體化設計、模組化編組、組合式運用”的思路，編組精確多能的作戰模組，使得作戰能量得到最大限度釋放。未來智慧化戰爭的體制編制將按戰略、戰役、戰術不同層次和不同軍兵種，組成不同類型、不同用途的小型多能智能化新型聯合作戰部隊，更加強調編組能夠執行多樣化作戰任務的「全局化」部隊，透過智慧化的作戰網絡，依照可重構性、可擴充性和自適應要求，能夠依據敵情、戰場環境等態勢變化，將單一武器平台進行無縫連結、靈活編組，進而聚合形成體系優勢，形成攻防一體的作戰模組。智慧化新型作戰力量體係是人工智慧技術發展、新質戰鬥力形成與戰爭形態演變的綜合產物，是奪取未來全局作戰空間主動權的“殺手鐧”，是構成一體化聯合作戰體系的關鍵，是軍隊戰鬥力新的增長點。

著眼於人機融合發展智慧化武器

隨著資訊科技、智慧科技的發展，誰能在人工智慧領域中取勝，誰就有望擁有未來軍事對抗的主動權。應著眼於智慧化戰爭體係作戰和智慧化武器裝備體系建設的雙重需要，搞好頂層設計和整體統籌，編制智能化武器裝備體系發展路線圖，按計劃、有重點、分步驟地研製高中低端、大中小型、遠中近程，覆蓋陸、海、空、天、電和網路等太空領域，作戰與保障相配套的智慧化無人作戰裝備體系，建立「人為主導、機器協助、混合編組、聯合行動」的有人-無人協作體系，增強各軍兵種和作戰、保障等各種智能化武器裝備的體系融合度。智慧化無人作戰系統是未來戰爭裝備發展新趨勢。其核心在於瞄準未來戰爭「零傷亡」「全覆蓋」「快響應」等要求，充分運用新理論、新材料、新工藝、新能源、新技術發展成果，在人機協同和自主行動兩個方面不斷取得突破，構建戰略、戰役、戰術三級無人裝備體系，規模化打造新型智能無人之師，實現無人作戰系統的體系化協同作戰。同時，應著眼無人與反無人、智能與反智能作戰需要，注重研發反敵智能化無人作戰的武器裝備系統，確保能夠有效地與敵進行智能化無人攻防對抗。

著眼能力複合創新智能化訓練

現代戰爭專業分工越來越細、整個作戰體系越來越複雜，推動作戰由人力密集型向技術密集型轉變，要求參戰人員不僅要具備良好的身體素質，更要具備良好的技術素養和智力優勢，以應對不同作戰任務、作戰環境、作戰對手的需要。軍事智慧化對人的素質提出了更高要求，相應地智能化軍事人才應具有人才群體性、技能精尖性、知識複合性、思維創新性、決策智能性等特徵。智慧化戰爭將是人機結合共同實施的戰爭，以智慧化無人作戰系統為主體的作戰力量將發揮越來越重要的作用。高素質人員和智慧化武器的有效結合，才能最大程度地發揮作戰效能。必須適應智慧化戰爭力量體系新特點，創新發展智慧化訓練概念，探索智慧化戰爭戰鬥力生成新模式。目前，人工智慧技術能夠創造出更「真實」的武器操作體驗與戰場環境，能夠逼真演繹作戰進程、輔助決策指揮、評估作戰構想。為此，適應智慧化戰爭力量體系構成新特點，聚焦於智慧化作戰系統自我指揮、自我控制、自我作戰能力的提升，充分利用智慧化系統能夠自我博弈、自我成長的特點，形成專門針對智慧化作戰系統訓練體系、訓練環境和訓練機制，強化「人」駕馭智慧系統訓練，探索以「機」為主體對象的新型訓練模式。從而使智慧化作戰系統經過短期的自主強化訓練即可獲得作戰能力的躍升，以應對未來作戰環境無序性、複雜性、不確定性的考驗。

著眼精準高效能改善保障模式

智慧化戰場，聯合作戰綜合保障實現度是直接影響部隊戰鬥力生成的重要因素。智慧化技術的發展必將觸發聯合作戰保障體系建設的革命性變化，實現智慧化綜合保障。綜合保障是戰鬥力的基礎，是把國家經濟實力轉化為部隊作戰能力的橋樑。隨著物聯網技術的不斷成熟，智慧化戰爭更強調一體保障、精確保障、配送保障，也就是依照所需的量在需要的時間投放到需要的地點。依託一體化保障體系，將分散部署的保障力量和資源，按照補給、物資、維修、彈藥和管理等職能模組編組，使其涵蓋戰鬥勤務保障工作的各個領域，依托可視化技術，全程跟踪作戰供應現狀，根據戰況實時發展對人員流、物資流進行信息控制、接收和分發，實現點對點的直達保障。透過運用物聯網、無人機、智慧車、遠距手術、3D列印等技術，升級打造涵蓋智慧倉儲、智慧投送、智慧維修、智慧醫療等智慧後裝保障體系，實現戰場後裝物資自動快速精準補給、設備故障快速診斷與維修、戰場人員及時救護，變被動式為主動服務，提升後負配備保障整體效率和效益。

著眼軍民兼用深化智能化融合

人工智慧核心關鍵技術的突破，是應對智慧化戰爭威脅和挑戰的「國之重器」。智慧科技的快速發展，已成為軍事智慧化的加速器。資訊時代軍用技術和民用技術的界線越來越模糊，可轉換性越來越強。積極建立軍民協同創新機制，不斷強化智慧化核心技術創新發展原動力，建構全社會開放的產學研協同創新體系，對人工智慧等核心前沿技術前瞻佈局、扶持投資，充分發揮整個社會的創新力量，促進軍事智慧化快速永續發展。加快推進重點領域技術突破。要聚焦相關重點技術領域，打破限制軍事智慧化發展的技術瓶頸。加強軍事智慧化基礎支撐領域的研究，例如，軍用大數據、軍用物聯網等；從作戰需求出發，加強各個作戰要素方面的智慧化應用技術研究，尤其是智慧化指揮決策、智慧化武器平台、智慧化戰場感知、智慧化對抗技術等方面的研究。軍事智慧化核心關鍵技術的研發，不僅要進行跨領域、跨領域協作創新，還要使社會智慧化與軍事智慧化發展對接並軌，借鏡社會智慧發展的成熟技術與成功經驗，推動各類人工智慧技術快速嵌入作戰要素、作戰流程。加速軍事智慧化發展，應抓緊探索相關人才的培養規律，充分利用軍地教育資源，加大相關人才培養力度，為推進軍事智慧化建設提供堅實的智力支持與人才保障。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/education/2020-02/06/content_485978488.htm

#Chinese #Space #Warfare, #Information Support Force, #中國 #太空 #戰爭

Chinese Military New Battlefields in Space, Who Will Decide Rules of Combat?

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中國軍事太空新戰場，誰來決定作戰規則？

現代英語：

At present, with the “blowout” development of aerospace technology, the competition between the United States and Russia in the space field is becoming increasingly fierce. The “People’s Liberation Army Daily” published today published a signed article “Space: A New Battlefield for the Future Competition between the United States and Russia”. The article pointed out that with the development of aerospace technology, the space field is nurturing new strategic deterrence forces, and the development of space deterrence forces may change the future strategic stability framework.

Space: A new battlefield for future competition between the United States and Russia

■Zhongjing

When the development of aerospace technology was still in its infancy in the last century, US President Lyndon Johnson asserted: Whoever controls space controls the earth. Entering the 21st century, with the “blowout” development of aerospace technology, the competition between the United States and Russia in the field of space has become increasingly fierce, and its results will directly affect the world pattern and the future and destiny of the country.

Space becomes a new strategic deterrent force

In the past, nuclear weapons were the main strategic deterrent force and the cornerstone of strategic stability. With the development of aerospace technology, new strategic deterrent forces are being nurtured in the space field. For example, the space instant strike force that the United States and Russia are developing and developing can strike any target on the earth within 1-2 hours. It not only has the ability to destroy and damage strategic nuclear weapons and their infrastructure, but also because of its high speed and strong mobility, the existing air defense and anti-missile systems cannot intercept it. It is a revolutionary strategic deterrent force that changes the “rules of the game”.

At present, the United States and Russia have mainly developed three types of global immediate strike weapons. The first type is a suborbital gliding vehicle, which can be used to launch nuclear warheads. This type of aircraft glides unpowered at the boundary of the atmosphere about 100 kilometers above the surface, just like a skateboard for surfing on the sea, constantly “jumping” with the crests and troughs of the waves, thereby achieving high-speed maneuvers and penetration. The second type is an intake hypersonic aircraft, which uses a scramjet engine to achieve hypersonic flight. The third type is an aerospace plane, which has space-based to space-based combat capabilities. It is usually used to perform space reconnaissance, cruising, satellite protection, repair and other tasks. In wartime, it can carry out space control, capture, destruction and other military operations against enemy targets.

The development of space deterrence will likely change the future strategic stability framework, interweaving and integrating with nuclear deterrence and cyber deterrence to form a new strategic stability framework. Taking the relationship between space deterrence and cyber deterrence as an example, the key nodes of the network are located in space, and space routers ensure the data flow of the Internet and the global information grid. The success or failure of cyber deterrence depends on space; almost all space activities rely on the network, and cyber deterrence will further enhance the ability to control space.

Achieving global combat force integration

The uniqueness of space is that it is not restricted by traditional land, sea, and air flight restrictions, and is naturally global and cross-domain. The field of view of a geosynchronous orbit satellite can cover about 1/3 of the earth’s surface, and three geosynchronous orbit satellites can cover the entire earth.

Globalization is to use the space system to connect the world’s combat forces and means to form a complete combat system, and realize global information support and global strikes. At present, space-based satellites rely on access to the ground grid information network to achieve connection, namely the “sky-star-ground network”. In the future, space-based satellites will also form a network themselves and form a “sky-ground integrated network” with the ground network. Combat forces and means at any location in the world can be connected through the “sky-ground integrated network” to form an integrated combat force system. In 2016, the United States proposed the concept of establishing a space Internet. One of the plans is to consist of 648 small satellites, operating in an orbit 1,200 kilometers above the ground. Once the Internet is moved to space, it can make up for some “blind spots” of the ground network, such as oceans and remote areas, achieve global Internet coverage, and promote the integration of global combat forces.

In 2013, the U.S. military’s “Space Operations” doctrine first proposed to establish a space application network in combat units at all levels of the military services and use space forces for cross-domain coordination. Based on the recognition of the cross-domain nature of space, Russia merged the Air Force and the Aerospace Defense Force into the Aerospace Force. The Aerospace Force is composed of the Air Force, the Space Force, and the Air Defense and Anti-Missile Force. It integrates aerospace, air defense, and space defense, and has the combat capabilities of aviation, near-space, and space orbit, realizing cross-domain operations in air and space.

Space power is a force multiplier

When space forces intervene and penetrate into other areas, it will catalyze the rapid increase of combat effectiveness. John Hyten, commander of the U.S. Space Command, said: “Because of space, we can strike any target on the earth at any time, any place, and any weather conditions; on the contrary, if we cannot use space, the U.S. military will return to the World War II model and the war of the industrial age.”

Space power penetrates land, sea, air, electricity and the Internet, which is conducive to selecting the best target, using the most appropriate means, and achieving the best combat effect at the best time and place, thus forming a combat power multiplier effect. For example, the “Dove Swarm” satellite launched by Planetary Laboratories of the United States consists of 95 small satellites, which work “24 hours online” and can take images all the time without instructions, continuously obtain data, and achieve real-time global monitoring.

The United States and Russia attach great importance to the development of small satellites because of their low cost, fast launch and fast networking. Low-orbit small satellites have the ability to continuously cover the world and update data in real time. Tactical communication small satellites can provide communication support for grassroots combat troops. Small satellites are also particularly suitable for space target monitoring and space attack and defense, which can double combat effectiveness.

Opening up new areas of covert confrontation

The United States and Russia believe that compared with military struggles in other fields, space operations are more concealed. The concealment of space operations is mainly reflected in the concealment of interference sources, locations, and functions.

The source of interference is hidden, which means that it is difficult to accurately determine the source of interference to spacecraft. For example, when jamming a communication satellite, it is difficult to accurately determine the source of the attack.

Hidden location. According to the regulations of international organizations, in order to ensure the efficient use of the geostationary orbit and reduce congestion, when the life of the geostationary orbit satellite ends, it should give up the orbital position and be pushed to the graveyard orbit. Because there are a large number of abandoned satellites in the graveyard orbit, it is not easy to be discovered with the current space situational awareness capabilities. The United States once proposed to deploy attack forces in the graveyard orbit, which is 200 to 300 kilometers higher than the geostationary orbit.

Hidden functions. Since 95% of aerospace technologies are dual-use, it is difficult to clearly distinguish whether a certain space technology or means is for military or civilian purposes. Military powers often take advantage of this and use civilian purposes to cover up their combat potential. For example, the “Phoenix” program implemented by the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency launched the “Cell Star” in 2015. In wartime, space robots can grab payloads such as antennas and solar panels from retired satellites and install them on the Cell Star to make it combat-capable. The “Dragonfly” project, a follow-up to the “Phoenix” plan, is to disassemble large satellites that are difficult to launch into components, store them in orbit for a long time, and quickly assemble them to form combat capabilities when needed.

現代國語：

来源：中国军网综合作者：仲晶责任编辑：姚远

當下，伴隨航太科技「井噴」式發展，美俄對太空領域的競爭日益激烈。今天出版的《解放軍報》刊登署名文章《太空：未來美俄角逐的新戰場》，文章指出，伴隨航太技術的發展，太空領域正孕育新的戰略威懾力量，太空威懾力量的發展將可能改變未來戰略穩定架構。

太空：未來美俄角逐的新戰場

■仲晶

當上個世紀航太技術的發展還處於萌芽狀態時，美國總統林登·約翰遜斷言：誰控制了太空，誰就能控制地球。進入21世紀，伴隨航太技術「井噴」式發展，美俄對太空領域的競爭日益激烈，其結果將直接影響世界格局與國家未來命運。

太空成為新型戰略威懾力量

以往，核武是主要的戰略威懾力量，也是戰略穩定的基石。伴隨航太科技的發展，太空領域正孕育新的戰略威懾力量。例如，美俄正在研發發展的太空即時打擊力量，能在1—2小時內打擊地球上任何目標，不僅具備摧毀和破壞戰略核武及其基礎設施的能力，而且由於速度快、機動能力強，現有防空反導系統都不能實施攔截，是改變「遊戲規則」的革命性戰略威懾力量。

目前，美俄主要研發了三類全球即時打擊武器。第一類是亞軌道滑翔飛行器，可用於投射核彈頭。這種飛行器在距地表100千米左右大氣層邊界做無動力滑翔，就像海上衝浪的滑板不斷隨波峰波谷“跳躍”，從而實現高速機動與突防。第二類是吸入式高超音波速飛行器，其使用超燃沖壓發動機，實現高超音波飛行。第三類是空天飛機，具有天基對天基作戰能力，平時用於執行太空偵察、巡航、衛星防護、修理等任務，戰時可對敵國目標實施太空控制、捕獲、摧毀等軍事行動。

太空威懾力量的發展將可能改變未來戰略穩定架構，與核威懾、網路威懾交織融合，共同構成新的戰略穩定架構。以太空威懾與網路威懾關係為例，網路的關鍵節點位於太空，太空路由器確保互聯網、全球資訊柵格的資料流動，網路威懾的成敗取決於太空；幾乎所有的太空活動都依賴於網絡，網路威懾會進一步增強掌控太空的能力。

實現全球作戰力量一體化

太空的獨特之處，在於不受傳統的陸地、海上、空中飛越限制，具有天然的全球性和跨域性。 1顆地球同步軌道衛星，視野可覆蓋約1/3的地球表面，3顆地球同步軌道衛星可覆蓋整個地球。

全球性，是利用太空系統將全球的作戰力量和手段連接形成完整的作戰體系，實現全球範圍資訊支援和全球打擊。目前，天基衛星依賴接取地面柵格資訊網實現連接，即「天星地網」。未來天基衛星本身也會組網，與地面網路形成「天地一體網」。全球任何地點的作戰力量和手段都能透過「天地一體網」連結起來，形成一體化作戰力量體系。 2016年，美國提出建立太空網際網路構想，其中一個方案就是由648顆小衛星組成，在距地面1,200千米軌道上運行。一旦互聯網搬到太空，可以彌補地網一些“死角”，例如海洋與偏遠地區，實現互聯網全球覆蓋，促進全球作戰力量一體化。

2013年，美軍《太空作戰》條令首次提出，在軍兵種各級作戰單元建立太空應用網絡，利用太空力量進行跨域協同。基於對太空跨域性的認識，俄羅斯將空軍與空天防禦部隊合併為空天軍。空天軍由空軍、航太部隊和防空反導部隊組成，集航空航太、防空防天於一體，具備航空、臨近空間、太空軌道的作戰能力，實現空天跨域作戰。

太空力量是戰鬥力倍增器

當太空力量介入並滲透到其他領域，將催化戰鬥力迅速增強。美航天司令部司令約翰·海頓說：“正因為有太空，我們可以在任何時間、任何地點、任何氣象條件下打擊地球上任何一個目標；相反，不能利用太空，美軍將回到二戰模式和工業時代的戰爭。”

太空力量滲透於陸、海、空、電、網之中，有利於選擇最優目標、運用最合適手段、在最佳時間和地點達成最佳作戰效果，從而形成戰鬥力倍增效應。例如，美國行星實驗室公司發射的「鴿群」衛星由95顆小衛星組成，「24小時線上」工作，不需要指令就可以全時拍攝成像，不間斷獲取數據，做到全球即時監測。

由於小衛星具有成本低、發射快、組網快的特點，美俄非常重視小衛星發展。低軌小衛星具備全球持續覆蓋和數據即時更新的能力，戰術通訊小衛星可以為基層作戰部隊提供通訊支援。小衛星也特別適合太空目標監視和太空攻防，使戰鬥力倍增。

開闢隱蔽對抗新領域

美俄認為，太空領域與其他領域軍事鬥爭相比，呈現更強的隱密性。太空行動的隱蔽性，主要體現在幹擾源隱蔽、位置隱密和功能隱密等。

幹擾源隱蔽，是指對太空船的干擾很難準確判斷幹擾來源。例如，對通訊衛星實施幹擾，難以準確判斷其攻擊來源。

位置隱蔽。根據國際組織規定，為確保地球靜止軌道的高效運用、減少擁擠，地球靜止軌道衛星壽命終結時，應讓出軌道位置，被推到墓地軌道。由於墓地軌道有大量廢棄的衛星，以目前的太空態勢感知能力不容易被發現。美曾提出，將攻擊力量部署在墓地軌道，其比地球靜止軌道高200～300千公尺。

功能隱蔽。由於95%的航太技術都具有軍民兩用性，很難明確區分某種太空技術或手段是軍事用途還是民用目的。軍事強國往往利用這一點，以民用目的掩蓋其具備的作戰潛能。例如，美國防高級研究計劃局實施的“鳳凰”計劃，在2015年發射了“細胞星”，戰時可由太空機器人從退役衛星上抓取天線和太陽能電池板等載荷，安裝在細胞星上，讓其具備作戰功能。 「鳳凰」後續計畫的「蜻蜓」項目，則是將整件發射難度高的大型衛星分解成組件，長期貯藏在軌道上，一旦需要就可快速組裝形成戰鬥力。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jskj/2017-02/03/content_7474214_28.htm

#Artificial #Intelligence, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #軍事資訊化與智慧化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Future Wars, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知戰, 軍事認知戰

Artificial Intelligence Accelerates Process of Chinese Military Weapons Autonomy

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人工智慧加速中國軍事武器自主化進程

中國軍網 國防網

2024年9月12日 星期四

現代英語：

For some time, driven by technological progress and military needs, the world’s military powers have been actively developing and deploying various weapons autonomy projects to enable them to perceive, learn, and make decisions autonomously with the help of artificial intelligence.

In May this year, 2024, US Air Force Secretary Frank Kendall publicly tested an AI-controlled F-16 fighter jet (X-62A) at Edwards Air Force Base, which attracted widespread attention. Analysts believe that AI-enabled autonomous weapons will not only change the shape of future wars, but will also have a new impact on the current international security situation, and the risk of their loss of control will become a problem that human society cannot ignore.

Accelerate the development of war weapons

In the eyes of the US military, artificial intelligence, unlike the next generation of weapon platforms and advanced ammunition, has the potential to change almost all aspects of the battlefield, one of the important areas of which is to accelerate the autonomy of weapons. The US military has invested a lot of resources in this regard, and the X-62A that Kendall rode is a landmark achievement. During the approximately 1-hour flight, all the actions of the fighter were completed autonomously by artificial intelligence. In addition, the “collaborative combat aircraft” being developed by the US Air Force will be equipped with the “Sky Borg” unmanned autonomous core system, and will form a formation with manned fighters in combat, taking on multiple tasks such as surveillance, attack, electronic interference, and acting as bait, to maximize the safety and combat capability of the formation.

On the naval side, in the reports “Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Requirements in 2025” and “Future Fleet Platform Alternatives”, the United States plans to realize the concept of a distributed fleet by 2030, equipped with 183 medium-sized unmanned submarines and 48 large unmanned submarines that can be carried by nuclear submarines, capable of performing anti-submarine, reconnaissance, surveillance and other missions for tens of days in ports, international waters and major waterways.

Russia also started research on artificial intelligence early. The Russian Ministry of Defense established an artificial intelligence weapons research department in 2022 to strengthen the use of artificial intelligence technology and develop new special equipment. The “Depesha” and “Baji” multi-functional unmanned systems developed by the Russian State Technology Group can not only transport goods and wounded, but also strike enemy positions and manpower. It was previously reported that the Russian military’s “Lancet”-3 cruise missile uses a convolutional neural network, which can analyze the collected image and video data to achieve precise detection and strike.

Germany, Israel and other countries have also increased their research and development efforts in related fields. With the support of NATO, Germany’s ARX Robotics is developing a series of unmanned ground vehicles. With the help of artificial intelligence, these vehicles can operate autonomously on the battlefield and communicate with each other, and can also be remotely controlled when necessary. Analysts believe that this move means that NATO has started the process of “building an autonomous robot force.” The Israeli Army’s M-RCV unmanned combat vehicle has a high level of intelligence and can perform a variety of tasks such as highly autonomous frontier reconnaissance, firepower strikes, and transporting and recovering drones without human intervention.

The Coming Military Revolution

Autonomous weapons powered by artificial intelligence have already appeared in regional conflicts. In the 2020 Libyan military conflict, the Turkish-produced Kaguya-2 drone tracked and attacked the retreating “Libyan National Army” without relying on an operator. This may be the first recorded case in history of a drone attacking a person without human command. In the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the Ukrainian army not only obtained a large number of drones powered by artificial intelligence from the United Kingdom, the United States and other countries, but also actively carried out related research. In this round of Israeli-Palestinian conflict, artificial intelligence has also been applied. When Israel attacked Gaza, it used an artificial intelligence system called “Lavender” to help identify Hamas militants.

Autonomous weapons powered by artificial intelligence are changing the face of warfare. Last September, the X-62A successfully completed an aerial dogfight with an F-16 fighter jet piloted by a human pilot. This is considered a “transformative moment in the history of aerospace,” indicating that future operations will be partially or completely controlled by artificial intelligence. Unmanned system clusters, which are basically composed of unmanned combat units such as various types of drones, unmanned vehicles, unmanned boats and unmanned submarines, will account for an increasingly large proportion of future combat force systems, and may even reach a position of driving side by side with manned combat systems. With the improvement of autonomy and intelligence, unmanned system clusters will increasingly become the “protagonists” in war. Researchers believe that collaborative combat with manned systems is only the initial stage of autonomous combat for unmanned systems, and the ultimate goal is to achieve fully autonomous combat for unmanned systems.

Autonomous weapons empowered by artificial intelligence impact geopolitical stability. Geopolitical stability depends on the relative balance of regional military power. However, the large-scale use of unmanned autonomous weapons will inevitably impact the original pattern, leading to a new arms race. Taking individual hegemonic countries as an example, once autonomous weapons empowered by artificial intelligence are put into use on a large scale, their concerns about launching regional military interventions will be reduced, and the threshold for external military action will be lowered. The security and stability of the relevant regions will face great challenges. In addition, more and more non-state actors will master autonomous weapons technology and use it for lethal purposes, which will also have an impact on the regional situation.

The risk of abuse cannot be ignored

“Humanity is standing at a crossroads, and autonomous weapon systems will soon fill the world’s battlefields. This is the ‘Oppenheimer moment’ of our generation,” said Austrian Foreign Minister Schallenberg at the International Conference on Autonomous Weapons held in Vienna this year. Although artificial intelligence can help with precision strikes, differentiated operations, and reduced material losses, due to its inherent “black box mechanism” and “machine illusion”, future unmanned warfare will face unavoidable risks and challenges.

Risk of command disorder. Over-reliance on the autonomy of weapons can easily increase the risk of the command and control system losing control. In a simulated test by the US military, a drone that was performing an air defense suppression mission chose to “kill” the operator who prevented it from scoring in order to score points in the test. When it was “told” that it would lose points for killing the operator, it attacked the communication tower to cut off the operator’s contact with itself to seize autonomy. In the real battlefield of the future, the risk of autonomous weapons losing control cannot be completely ruled out, and the consequences will be even more difficult to control.

Risk of uncontrolled violence. The combination of artificial intelligence and weapons means that the difficulty of killing is significantly reduced, while the efficiency and intensity of killing are greatly increased, which can easily lead to the expansion and escalation of armed conflict. However, the machine learning algorithms that artificial intelligence relies on are inherently unpredictable, and there are still some unexplained parts of the internal mechanism. In extreme cases, humans may even completely lose control of autonomous weapons, and the resulting humanitarian disaster will be difficult to estimate. It is precisely in recognition of this problem that the United Nations is calling on various parties to formulate common norms and guidelines for autonomous weapon systems and to complete relevant negotiations as soon as possible.

Risk of ethical anomie. Lethal autonomous weapons automatically select and attack targets without human intervention, which means that the right to deprive natural people of their lives is handed over to cold-blooded robots. Some experts said that after the battlefield is handed over to autonomous weapons, human perception of the cruelty of war will drop sharply, resulting in the consequence of “game-like war”, which will lead to excessive use of force. This is not only a “lack of moral responsibility”, but also poses a serious challenge to international humanitarian law and international peace and security, which is “unbearable” for human beings.

現代國語：

裴 帥 石海明 霍江雷

一段時間以來，在科技進步與軍事需求雙輪驅動下，世界各軍事強國正積極研發部署各種武器自主化項目，使其在人工智慧賦能下自主感知、學習、決策。

今年5月，美國空軍部長弗蘭克‧肯德爾在愛德華茲空軍基地公開試乘人工智慧控制的F-16戰機（X-62A），引發各方廣泛關注。分析家認為，人工智慧賦能的自主武器不僅會改變未來戰爭的形態，更將對當前國際安全局勢造成新的沖擊，而其失控的風險也將成為人類社會不容忽視的問題。

加速研發的戰爭利器

在美軍看來，人工智慧與下一代武器平台和先進彈藥不同，有著改變戰場幾乎所有面向的潛力，其中一個重要的領域就是加速武器的自主化。美軍在這方面投入了大量的資源，肯德爾乘坐的X-62A是標志性成果。在約1小時的飛行中，該戰機所有動作均由人工智慧自主完成。此外，美空軍正在研發的“協同作戰飛機”，將配裝“天空博格人”無人自主核心系統，在作戰中與有人戰機共同編隊，擔負監視、打擊、電子乾擾、充當誘餌等多種任務，最大限度提高編隊的安全性和作戰能力。

海軍方面，在《2025年自主潛航器需求》及《未來艦隊平台備選方案》報告中，美計畫在2030年實現分散式艦隊的構想，裝備中型無人潛航器183具、可供核子潛艇攜帶的大型無人潛航器48具，能在港口、國際海域及主要航道執行為期數十天的反潛、偵察、等任務。

俄羅斯對人工智慧的研究也啟動較早。俄國防部於2022年成立了人工智慧武器研究部門，以加強人工智慧技術的使用，發展新的特種裝備。俄國家技術集團研發的「德佩沙」和「巴吉」多功能無人系統，不僅能運送貨物和傷員，還能打擊敵方陣地和有生力量。先前有報導稱，俄軍的「柳葉刀」-3巡飛彈使用了卷積神經網絡，可以對收集到的圖像和影片數據進行分析，從而實現精準探測打擊。

德國、以色列等國也加強了相關領域的研發力道。在北約支援下，德國ARX機器人公司正在開發一系列無人地面載具。借助人工智慧，這些載具可以在戰場上自主運行並相互通信，必要時也可以進行遠端控制。分析家認為，此舉意味著北約開啟了「打造自主機器人部隊」的進程。以軍的M-RCV型無人戰車，智慧化程度較高，能在沒有人工幹預的情況下，執行高度自主的前沿偵察、火力打擊以及運載和回收無人機等多樣化任務。

即將到來的軍事革命

人工智慧賦能的自主武器已在地區沖突中出現。 2020年利比亞軍事沖突中，土耳其生產的「卡古」-2無人機在不依靠操作員的情況下跟踪並攻擊了正在撤退的「利比亞國民軍」。這或許是有史以來第一個記錄在案的無人機在沒有人為命令的情況下向人發動攻擊的案例。在俄烏沖突中，烏軍不但從英美等國獲得大量人工智慧加持的無人機，自身也積極進行相關研究。在本輪巴以沖突中，人工智慧同樣被應用。以色列在進攻加薩時，使用了名為「薰衣草」的人工智慧系統來幫助識別哈馬斯武裝人員。

人工智慧賦能的自主武器正在顛覆戰爭形態。去年9月，X-62A成功與人類飛行員駕駛的F-16戰鬥機完成空中格鬥。這被認為是“航空航天史上的一個變革時刻”，表明未來作戰將局部或完全由人工智慧操控。以各型無人機、無人車、無人艇和無人潛航器等無人作戰單元為基本構成的無人系統集群，在未來作戰力量體系中佔比將越來越大，乃至達到與有人作戰系統並駕齊驅的地位。隨著自主性和智慧化程度的提高，無人系統集群將日益成為戰爭中的「主角」。研究人員認為，與有人系統協同作戰僅是無人系統自主作戰的初始階段，最終目標是實現全無人系統自主作戰。

人工智慧賦能的自主武器沖擊地緣政治穩定。地緣政治的穩定有賴於區域軍力的相對平衡，然而無人化自主武器的大量運用，必將沖擊原有格局，從而導致新的軍備競賽。以個別霸權國家為例，一旦人工智慧賦能的自主武器大規模投入使用，其發動地區軍事幹預的顧忌因素減少、對外動武門檻降低，相關地區的安全與穩定將面臨極大挑戰。此外，越來越多的非國家行為體掌握自主武器技術並將其用於致命目的，也將對地區局勢構成沖擊。

不容忽視的濫用風險

「人類正站在一個十字路口，自主武器系統很快就會佈滿世界戰場。這是我們這一代的『奧本海默時刻』。」今年在維也納召開的自主武器國際會議上，奧地利外交部長沙倫貝格表示。人工智慧雖然有助於精確化打擊、區分性作戰及降低物資損耗，但由於其固有的“黑箱機制”和“機器幻覺”，未來無人化戰爭將面臨不可迴避的風險挑戰。

指揮失序風險。過度依賴武器的自主化，容易增加指控係統失控的風險。在美軍一次模擬測試中，一架執行壓制防空任務的無人機，為在測試中得分，選擇「殺死」了阻止自己得分的操作員。在被「告知」殺死操作員要扣分時，其又通過攻擊通信塔中斷了操作員與自己的聯絡來奪得自主權。在未來的真實戰場上，自主武器失控的風險並不能完全排除，其帶來的後果將更難以控制。

暴力失控風險。人工智慧與武器的結合，意味著殺傷難度顯著降低、殺傷效率和強度大幅增加，容易導致武裝沖突擴大升級。然而，人工智慧所依賴的機器學習演算法本質上是不可預測的，內部機制尚存在一些未解釋的部分。在極端情況下，人類甚至可能徹底喪失對自主武器的控制，所造成的人道主義災難將難以估量。正是意識到這個問題，聯合國正多方呼籲就自主武器系統制定共同的規範和準則，並儘早完成相關談判。

倫理失範風險。致命性自主武器在沒有人的干預下自動選擇和攻擊目標，意味著將剝奪自然人生命的權利交給了冷酷無情的機器人。有專家表示，將戰場一線交給自主武器後，人類對戰爭殘酷性的感知度會直線下降，產生「戰爭遊戲化」的後果，從而導致武力的過度使用。這既是“道義責任的缺失”，也對國際人道法和國際和平與安全提出了嚴峻的挑戰，是人類“無法承受之重”。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/szb_223187/szbxq/index.html?paperName=jfjb&paperDate=2024-09-12&paperNumber=11&articleid=93948889

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #新興戰爭技術, #智慧化戰爭, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Cognitive Confrontation, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Satellite Navigation for the Chinese Military’s Intelligent Battlefield

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中國軍隊智慧戰場的衛星導航

現代英語：

The satellite navigation system, also known as the global satellite navigation system, is an air-based radio navigation and positioning system that can provide users with all-weather three-dimensional coordinates, speed and time information at any location on the earth’s surface or in near-Earth space.

The satellite navigation system is an important space infrastructure for mankind. It is an indispensable tool for a country’s national security and economic and social development. It has a profound impact on the form of war, combat style, and people’s production and lifestyle.

At present, there are four major global satellite navigation systems in the world, namely, the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS, Europe’s Galileo and China’s Beidou. Global competition in satellite navigation technology is becoming increasingly fierce.

Standing at a new starting point of profound changes in the world’s military, and looking at the future battlefield with a high degree of integration of informatization and intelligence, intelligent navigation systems will come into being and play an important role.

Satellite navigation becomes a “standard” element of the intelligent battlefield

The future intelligent battlefield will present the characteristics of high-tech warfare, which will comprehensively use intelligent weapons and means under information conditions, realize efficient command and control, and implement precise and flexible strikes. Satellite navigation technology can provide high-precision, all-weather, large-scale and multi-purpose positioning, navigation and timing services for various objects on land, sea, air and space.

Provide a unified time and space benchmark for systematic operations. For the intelligent battlefield, there are many linked elements and the situation changes rapidly, which requires accurate positioning of combat units to achieve intelligence reconnaissance, command and control, battlefield maneuvers, offensive and defensive operations, and support and guarantee under a unified time and space benchmark, ensuring that all elements of the entire battlefield form a coordinated organic whole.

The basic function of satellite navigation is to provide accurate time and space references for various combat elements. Without an accurate and unified time and space reference, the precise command of joint operations may be out of balance, combat operations may be out of control, and intelligence fusion and target identification cannot be achieved. If the time error is one hundredth of a second, a target locked by more than a dozen radars will become more than a dozen targets, and accurate defense and counterattack will not be possible.

Under a unified standard time and geographic coordinate system, satellite navigation provides precision guidance for various weapon platforms, fine frequency calibration for electronic warfare weapons, and all-weather positioning and navigation for individual combatants, significantly improving the coordination and strike effectiveness of joint firepower strikes.

Provide synchronous situation cognition for combat command and control. Accurately grasping the battlefield situation is the premise and basis for commanders to flexibly and accurately implement command and control. The satellite navigation system provides strong support for battlefield situation awareness.

Since the 1990s, the U.S. military has developed a “Blue Force Tracking” system based on GPS and satellite communications to build a precise command and control system. The “Blue Force Tracking” system has effectively supported the U.S. military in forming a networked information advantage on the ground battlefield and effectively solved the problem of “where are we, our friends, and our enemies?”

Relying on the two major services of navigation positioning and position reporting of the global satellite network, the military has realized battlefield situation monitoring and sharing, which has become an important means for the military to “know itself”. At the same time, it has optimized the combat operation process, realized the issuance of combat orders at the minute level, and accelerated the development of the military’s command and control mode towards “integration” and “flattening”.

Providing a tool to enhance the precision strike of weapons and ammunition. In the intelligent battlefield, precision-guided weapons have become the “trump card” that determines victory or defeat. Using the satellite navigation system, the flight process of the missile can be corrected throughout to ensure the accuracy of the hit. It can be said that the satellite navigation system is a tool to enhance the precision strike of weapon platforms.

In recent local wars, the proportion of GPS precision-guided weapons of the US military has continued to rise: 7.6% in the Gulf War in 1991, 35% in the Kosovo War in 1999, 60% in the Afghanistan War in 2001, 68.3% in the Iraq War in 2003, and 100% in the Syrian War in 2018.

Intelligent battlefield requires satellite navigation to have new “responsibilities”

As the core and cornerstone of the precise and unified space-time system, the modern satellite navigation system must take on new responsibilities in response to the development needs of future intelligent battlefields.

In the era of intelligence, new combat elements represented by “AI, cloud, network, group, and terminal” will reconstruct the battlefield ecology and completely change the winning mechanism of war. Satellite navigation services need to adapt to the characteristics of the intelligent battlefield with wider dimensions, higher precision, and stronger system.

Navigation positioning and timing have a wider range and higher accuracy. The current satellite navigation system has achieved coverage of the earth’s surface. However, on the intelligent battlefield, it needs to extend to deep space and under the sea. The combat time domain and air domain are wider, requiring the construction of a comprehensive service system covering land, sea, air and space, with unified standards, high efficiency and intelligence, to form time and space information coverage at all times and everywhere, and to achieve more powerful, safer and more reliable time and space service capabilities.

For example, in the intelligent battlefield, unmanned combat has become the basic form. Autonomous driving of unmanned vehicles, precision approach of drones, and measurement of intelligent missile positions all urgently need to be improved by an order of magnitude on the basis of existing navigation accuracy to ensure higher navigation integrity, faster first positioning time, and stronger cross-domain capabilities of land, sea, air, and space.

The military navigation confrontation system is more complete and more powerful. The means of navigation confrontation in the information age is a simple confrontation form based on signal energy enhancement and interference attack. Navigation in the intelligent era is intertwined with detection, perception, communication, command, and decision-making. It requires a navigation capability level with higher power and faster effectiveness in any region of the world, the ability to intelligently adjust navigation signals, and the development of multiple navigation means such as quantum navigation, pulsar navigation, and deep-sea navigation. It is necessary to integrate navigation methods with different principles, methods, and carriers to achieve navigation confrontation capabilities at the system level and system level.

The bandwidth of navigation information interaction is larger and the access is wider. In the intelligent era, the role of cyberspace in the combat system is gradually increasing, and it is integrated with the navigation space-time system. The navigation information and cyberspace system that provide space-time position will connect the scattered combat forces and combat elements into a whole, forming a networked and systematic combat capability. This requires support for ubiquitous perception, left-right collaboration, and reliable and reconfigurable navigation capabilities, support for highly reliable, highly anti-interference, and readily accessible signaling channels, and timely acquisition of required navigation auxiliary information such as geography, maps, and images. On this basis, the real integration of communication and navigation is realized, achieving the effect of “one domain combat, multi-domain support”.

Adapting to the needs of military intelligence development and promoting the construction of intelligent navigation system

Judging from the development trend of the world’s military powers, facing the future intelligent battlefield, intelligent navigation systems are gradually building a space-time reference network and navigation information service network that integrates the earth and the sky, with space-based, systematized, on-demand and cloud-based as the main characteristics, forming a comprehensive navigation, positioning and timing system with unified reference, seamless coverage, security and reliability, high efficiency and convenience, and strong practicality.

The core of the transformation from a basic navigation system to an intelligent navigation system is to upgrade from “positioning navigation service” to “intelligent navigation service”, and the focus is on achieving the following four aspects of transformation:

The space-time benchmark is shifting from relying on ground systems to autonomous space-time benchmark maintenance. The space-time benchmark maintenance equipment of the ground system will gradually be transferred to the satellite, and the satellite will be equipped with higher-precision optical clocks and astronomical measurement equipment to form a more stable and reliable space-based space benchmark through high-precision anchoring and laser intersatellite measurement. The use of intelligent navigation systems can make ordinary navigation positioning accuracy reach sub-meter level, the timing accuracy will be increased by about 5 times, and the precision positioning service can achieve fast convergence of centimeter-level accuracy. Intelligent navigation can fully support the cross-domain integration of combat platforms, the doubling of the effectiveness of distributed lethal weapons, and the precise navigation of the entire process of air-space integrated drones from cruising to precision approach.

The satellite power confrontation mode is transformed into a navigation system confrontation. In terms of navigation confrontation services, the traditional satellite power confrontation mode will no longer meet the needs of the intelligent battlefield. Navigation system confrontation is the only way for the development of intelligent equipment in order to enhance the ability of troops to quickly adapt to the battlefield environment. Specifically, it includes precise release of navigation performance, heterogeneous backup of constellations, and global hotspot mobility. The main features are intelligent navigation signals and flexible theater reinforcements. Based on controllable point beam energy enhancement technology, energy delivery in hotspot areas, enhanced area expansion, deception or blocking interference, and digital transmission service guarantee are realized. In a high-interference and blocking environment, ensure service continuity and accuracy, and gradually release strength as the war progresses.

The simple integration of communication and navigation will be transformed into integrated on-demand services. It will provide deeper and broader navigation information services, deeply integrate into the military information network, and provide high, medium and low-speed classified and hierarchical navigation information services to users on land, sea, air and space. Reuse the favorable conditions of global multiple continuous coverage of navigation satellites to meet users’ communication and navigation needs in a global range and in any posture, and realize high reliability and strong interference-resistant search and rescue, position reporting, and signaling transmission. The navigation satellite space-based network interacts with the ground network information to build inter-satellite and satellite-to-ground high-speed backbone networks. Through miniaturized laser terminals and enhanced space routers, a stable and reliable space network is formed, equipped with a complete and standardized protocol system to support the autonomous and intelligent operation of hybrid constellation networks.

The computing resources of payload modules are separated and transformed into cloud computing resources of constellation. It will provide more intelligent space-based cloud computing services and reliable space-based intelligent support for intelligent weapon platforms. The main features are virtualization of onboard hardware resources and balancing of task loads. Through the configuration of public onboard computing modules, large-capacity storage units, and high-speed bus networks on navigation satellites, a ubiquitous space network shared resource pool is formed. The powerful data processing capability can support the autonomous establishment and maintenance of space-based space-time benchmarks, intelligent maintenance of navigation signal quality, and autonomous management of space networks. At the same time, it can provide computing, push, and storage services for complex information such as spatial position for various high-end users in the sky, air, land, and sea.

(The author is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering)

Above: Schematic diagram of satellite navigation system supporting operations.

現代國語：谭述森

中國軍網 國防部網

2021年11月12日 星期五

衛星導航系統，即全球衛星導航系統，是能在地球表面或近地空間任何地點，為使用者提供全天候三維座標和速度以及時間資訊的空基無線電導航定位系統。

衛星導航系統是人類重要的太空基礎設施，堪稱一個國家安全和經濟社會發展不可或缺的重器，對戰爭形態、作戰樣式和人們生產生活方式有深遠影響。

目前，全球有四大全球衛星導航系統，分別是美國的GPS、俄羅斯的格洛納斯、歐洲的伽利略和中國的北斗，衛星導航技術全球競爭日益激烈。

站在世界軍事深刻變革的新起點，瞭望資訊化智能化高度融合的未來戰場，智慧導航體系將應運而生，並發揮重要作用。

衛星導航成為智慧化戰場的「標配」要素

未來智慧化戰場，將呈現資訊化條件下綜合運用智慧化武器和手段、實現高效指揮控制及實施精確靈巧打擊的高技術作戰特性。衛星導航技術，能高精度、全天候、大範圍、多用途地為陸、海、空、天各種物件提供定位、導航、授時服務。

為體系化作戰提供統一時空基準。對於智慧化戰場來說，連結要素多、情況瞬息萬變，要求對作戰單元進行準確定位，實現統一時空基準下的情報偵察、指揮控制、戰場機動、攻防行動、支援保障，確保整個戰場各類要素形成統籌協調的有機整體。

衛星導航的基本功能是，為各個作戰要素提供精確的時空基準。如果沒有精確統一的時空基準，聯合作戰精準指揮可能失調，作戰行動就可能失控，情報融合、目標辨識就無法實現。時間誤差百分之一秒，十幾部雷達鎖定的一個目標就會變成十幾個目標，精準防禦反擊將無法實現。

在統一標準時間與地理座標系下，衛星導航提供各類武器平台精確導引，給予電子戰武器精細校頻，給予作戰單兵全天候定位導航，顯著提升聯合火力打擊的協同程度、打擊效能。

為作戰指揮控制提供態勢同步認知。準確掌握戰場態勢，是指揮官靈活準確實施指揮控制的前提與基礎。衛星導航系統為戰場態勢感知提供了強大支撐。

美軍從1990年代開始，研發以GPS和衛星通訊為基礎的「藍軍追蹤」系統，用來建構精確化指揮控制系統。 「藍軍追蹤」系統有力支撐著美軍形成地面戰場網路化資訊優勢，有效解決了「我、友、敵在哪裡」的難題。

軍隊依托全球衛星網路的導航定位和位置報告兩大服務，實現了戰場態勢監視共享，成為軍隊「知己」的重要手段。同時，優化了作戰行動流程，實現了作戰指令分秒下達，加速了軍隊指揮控制方式向「一體化」「扁平化」方向發展。

為武器彈藥精確打擊提供增效利器。在智慧化戰場上，精確導引武器已成為關乎勝負的「撒手鐧」。使用衛星導航系統，能對飛彈的飛行過程進行全程修正，確保命中精度。可以說，衛星導航系統是武器平台精準打擊的增效利器。

在近幾場局部戰爭中，美軍GPS精確導引武器比例不斷攀升：1991年海灣戰爭為7.6％，1999年科索沃戰爭為35%，2001年阿富汗戰爭為60％，2003年伊拉克戰爭為68.3％，2018年敘利亞戰爭達100%。

智慧化戰場需要衛星導航有新的“擔當”

現代衛星導航系統作為精確統一時空體系的核心與基石，面向未來智慧化戰場的發展需求，要有新的「擔當」。

智能化時代，以「AI、雲、網、群、端」為代表的全新作戰要素，將重建戰場生態，完全改變戰爭的勝利機制。衛星導航服務，需要適應智慧化戰場維度更廣、精準度更高、系統更強的特性。

導航定位授時範圍更廣精度更高。目前的衛星導航系統，實現了地球表面覆蓋。但在智慧化戰場上，需要向深空、海下延伸。作戰時域空域更廣，要求建構覆蓋陸海空天、基準統一、高效智慧的綜合服務體系，形成無時不有、無所不在的時空資訊覆蓋，實現更強大、更安全、更可靠的時空服務能力。

如智慧化戰場上，無人化作戰成為基本形態。無人車自動駕駛、無人機精密進場、智慧飛彈陣地測量等，都迫切需要在現有導航精度基礎上再提升一個量級，確保導航完好性更高、首次定位時間更快、陸海空天跨域能力更強。

軍事導航對抗體系更全更給力。資訊時代的導航對抗手段，是以訊號能量增強與幹擾攻擊為主的簡單對抗形態。智慧時代的導航與探測、感知、通訊、指揮、決策相互交織影響，需要全球任意區域、功率更高、生效更快的導航能力水平，需要導航訊號智慧調整能力，需要發展量子導航、脈衝星導航、深海導航等多元導航手段，把不同原理、不同方式、不同載體的導航方法融合在一起，實現體系級、系統級的導航對抗能力。

導航資訊互動頻寬更大存取更廣。智慧時代的網路空間，在作戰體系中地位作用逐步上升，並與導航時空體系合為一體。提供時空位置的導航資訊與網路空間系統，將把分散的作戰力量、作戰要素連結為一個整體，形成網路化體系化作戰能力。這就需要支援泛在感知、左右協作、可信賴的導航能力，支援高可靠、強抗干擾、隨遇接取的訊號通道，及時取得所需的地理、地圖和影像等導航輔助資訊。在此基礎上，實現真正意義上的通訊導航一體化，達到「一域作戰、多域支援」效果。

適應軍事智慧化發展需要推動智慧導航體系建設

從世界軍事強國發展趨勢來看，面向未來智慧化戰場，智慧導航系統在逐步建構天地一體化的時空基準網和導航資訊服務網，以天基化、體系化、按需化、雲端化為主要特徵，形成基準統一、覆蓋無縫、安全可信、高效便捷、實戰性強的綜合導航定位授時體系。

從基本導航系統轉變為智慧導航系統，其核心是從“定位導航服務”升級為“智慧導航服務”，並專注於以下4個面向轉變：

時空基準依賴地面系統維持轉變為時空基準天基自主維持。地面系統時空基準維持設備將逐步向星上轉移，衛星將配置更高精度的光鐘、天文測量設備，透過高精度錨固和雷射星間測量，形成更穩定可靠的天基空間基準。智慧導航系統的使用，可使一般導航定位精度達到亞米級，授時精度將提升5倍左右，精密定位服務達到快速收斂的公分精度。智慧導航可完整支撐作戰平台跨域融合、分散式殺傷武器效能倍增、空天一體無人機從巡航到精密進場的全過程精準導航。

衛星功率對抗模式向導航體系化對抗轉變。在導航對抗服務方面，傳統的衛星功率對抗模式將不再滿足智慧化戰場需求，導航體系化對抗是智慧裝備發展的必經之路，以便提升部隊快速適應戰場環境能力。具體包括導航性能精準釋放、星座異構備份、全球熱點機動，主要特徵是導航訊號智能化、戰區增援靈活化。基於可控制點波束能量增強技術，實現熱點區域能量傳遞、增強區域擴展、欺騙或阻塞幹擾、數傳服務保障。在高幹擾阻塞環境下，確保服務連續性和精確度，並隨著戰事進程逐步釋放實力。

通訊導航簡單整合向通導一體按需服務轉變。將提供更深更廣的導航資訊服務，深度融入軍事資訊網絡，向陸、海、空、天用戶的高、中、低速分類分層次導航資訊服務。重複利用導航衛星全球多重連續覆蓋的有利條件，滿足用戶在全球範圍、任意姿態的通導需求，實現高可靠性、抗強幹擾的搜救、位置報告、信令傳輸。導航衛星天基網路與地面網路資訊交互，建構星間、星地高速骨幹網路。透過小型化雷射終端和增強型空間路由器，形成穩定可靠的空間網絡，裝載完備、標準統一的協議體系，支援混合星座網絡自主智慧運作。

載重模組運算資源分離向星座運算資源雲端化轉變。將提供更智慧的天基雲端運算服務，為智慧武器平台提供可信賴的天基智慧支撐。主要特徵是，星載硬體資源虛擬化、任務負載平衡化。透過導航衛星配置公用的星載運算模組、大容量儲存單元、高速匯流排網絡，形成泛在的空間網路共享資源池。強大的資料處理能力，在支撐天基時空基準自主建立與維持、導航訊號品質智慧維持、空間網路自主管理等任務功能的同時，可為天、空、地、海各類高階用戶，提供空間位置等複雜資訊的運算、推播與儲存服務。

（作者係中國工程院院士）

上圖：衛星導航系統支援作戰示意圖。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2021-11/12/content_30291788.htm

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Brief Analysis on the Development of Chinese Military Intelligent Command Information Systems

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淺析我軍智慧指揮資訊系統發展

現代英語：

The prelude to the era of intelligent warfare has begun. Command information systems with intelligent characteristics will become the “central nerve” of future intelligent combat command and control, and are the supporting means of intelligent combat command and control. Accelerating the construction of intelligent command information systems is an inherent requirement for the development of military intelligence. Only by clarifying the development essentials of intelligent command information systems, grasping the key points of intelligent command information system research and development, and exploring the key points of intelligent command information system development can we better promote the construction and development of intelligent command information systems and gain the upper hand in future intelligent combat.

Clarify the key points of developing intelligent command information system

Intelligent command information system is the inevitable choice for the development of war form towards information-based intelligent warfare, the inevitable result of the development of scientific and technological revolution, and the era’s call for the development of military intelligence. Clarifying the development essentials of intelligent command information system will help to guide the construction direction of intelligent command information system and establish the long-term goal of system development.

Promote the intelligent evolution of war. In the future intelligent warfare, the battlefield situation is changing rapidly and the battlefield environment is complex and severe. In order to take the initiative on the battlefield, “control of intelligence” has become a new commanding height, and the intelligent command information system is undoubtedly an important means of supporting future combat command and action. Its intelligent development can promote the evolution of war to intelligence, and is an important support for intelligent warfare to gain the initiative and seek victory.

Support intelligent innovation of combat concepts. Future intelligent combat requires a combat command concept that is compatible with it, and the intelligent command information system is an important support for the practical application of the combat command concept, and is the soil for the innovation and development of the intelligent combat command concept. New intelligent combat command concepts such as human-machine hybrid command formation, data-driven command activities, open development command mode, and intelligent force-focused command process are inseparable from the support of the intelligent command information system. The intelligent command information system will serve as the extension of the human brain, breaking through the physiological limits of the human body and realizing the organic integration of combat command art and intelligent technology.

Promote the intelligent transformation of combat methods. The widespread application of artificial intelligence technology in the military field has brought about major changes in the combat victory mechanism. Intelligence has surpassed firepower and information power and has become the primary factor in determining the outcome of a war. The construction and development of intelligent command information systems will promote the transformation of combat methods to intelligence, making the combat methods change from “combat networks + precision-guided weapons” in the information age to “intelligent Internet of Things + manned/unmanned combat platforms” in the intelligent age, and the basic combat style will evolve from “network-centric warfare” to “cognitive-centric warfare” accordingly.

Grasp the key points of intelligent command information system research and development

The command information system is a product of the information warfare era. With the rapid development of military intelligence and the research and practical application of intelligent combat winning mechanisms, the intelligent upgrade of the command information system is imminent. We should highlight the key points of functional research and development and create a new intelligent command information system.

“Super-brainization” assists decision-making. In the future intelligent warfare, the amount of battlefield information data is huge and complex and changeable. Commanders are easily trapped in the “sea of ​​information” during the command process, resulting in information confusion and affecting command decisions. With the emergence of intelligent decision-making technology and “cloud brain” and “digital staff”, a new decision-making model based on the collaboration of “human brain + artificial intelligence” is quietly taking shape. The intelligent command information system will break through the limits of human intelligence, as an extension of the human brain, assist the commander’s work, and develop war decisions from simple human brain decisions to “human brain + artificial intelligence” super-brainized command decisions.

“Full-dimensional” situational awareness. In future intelligent combat, the space will be multi-dimensional, the forces will be diversified, the styles will be diverse, and the pace will be accelerated. Comprehensive and flexible grasp of battlefield situations will become the basis for commanders to make decisions, and multi-domain integration and intelligent dynamic presentation of full-dimensional battlefield situations will become an inevitable requirement for the construction and development of command information systems. The command information system’s perception, understanding, integration and prediction of battlefield situations such as target identification, threat level estimation, combat action prediction and future war situation prediction are expanding from land, sea, air, space, electromagnetic, network and other spaces to cognitive and social domains, realizing “full-dimensional” situational awareness.

“Intelligent” network communication. In the future, intelligent warfare will use a large number of intelligent command and control platforms and intelligent weapon platforms, and the intelligent information and communication system must be connected to the command and control platform and the weapon platform. Like the nerves and blood vessels of the human body, the intelligent information and communication system plays a linking and lubricating role in intelligent warfare. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an intelligent information network with full-dimensional coverage and uninterrupted communication to support the connection and control of intelligent equipment, form intelligent optimization of network structure, intelligent reorganization of network anti-destruction, and intelligent anti-interference capabilities, so as to ensure intelligent collaborative operations between platforms and exert the best overall combat effectiveness.

“Unmanned” autonomous collaboration. In recent local conflicts around the world, drones have been used in large numbers and have played an important role in determining the direction of war, which has attracted widespread attention from all parties. Unmanned weapons and equipment are the material basis of intelligent warfare, and have formed disruptive combat styles based on this, such as invasive lone wolf warfare, manned/unmanned collaborative system sabotage warfare, unmanned system formation independent warfare, and drone swarm cluster warfare. Although unmanned warfare is led by humans, machines are given a certain degree of autonomous action authority in the background, thereby realizing unmanned combat operations on the front line. However, the unmanned battlefield is changing rapidly, and the destruction of human-machine collaboration will become the norm. The command and control system of the unmanned intelligent equipment platform must be more intelligent and be able to conduct autonomous and coordinated combat according to the purpose of the operation.

“Active” information defense. Intelligent warfare will inevitably face all-dimensional and diverse information attacks from powerful enemies. The level of information security protection capabilities directly affects the outcome of the “intellectual power” struggle on the battlefield and is a key link in the construction of intelligent command information systems. Therefore, we should take the initiative to actively formulate and improve network protection strategies, enrich intrusion detection capabilities and authentication and identification methods, strengthen the application of high-tech information security technologies, strengthen the anti-interference and anti-intervention capabilities of various wireless transmission methods, and strengthen intelligent traceability and countermeasure capabilities to effectively curb information attacks.

Exploring the key to the development of intelligent command information system

The development of intelligent command information system is not only a technological innovation, but also requires further emancipation of mind and updating of concepts. To promote the development of intelligent command information system, we must change the traditional idea of ​​adding hardware, building a large “network”, collecting and storing various types of data, break through the inherent hierarchical settings, create an open and service-oriented system, aim at the needs of intelligent combat command and action, and explore and study the key points of the development of intelligent command information system.

Innovative concepts. Adhere to the guidance of innovative thinking concepts, learn from the development ideas of intelligent command information systems of military powers, combine actual needs, and explore a development path with its own characteristics. We must break the traditional “building chimneys” approach, adhere to the top-level design and overall planning of command information systems, unify interfaces, protocols and standards, and form an open and sustainable system architecture layout; adhere to the system development ideas that combine research, construction and use, formulate short-term, medium-term and long-term development strategies, and standardize the direction of system construction and development; adhere to iterative upgrades and optimization and improvement strategies, and continuously improve the intelligence level of various subsystems such as command control, intelligence reconnaissance, communications, information confrontation and comprehensive support, to ensure the continuous and healthy development of intelligent command information systems.

Focus on the key. Focusing on the construction of key capabilities of intelligent command information systems is an important support for intelligent warfare to gather intelligence and win with intelligence, and is the key to intelligent warfare to gain the “right to win”. Algorithms, computing power, and data are not only the internal driving force and support for the development of artificial intelligence, but also the core capability requirements and advantages of intelligent command information systems. The development of intelligent command information systems must adhere to algorithm innovation research to improve the system’s cognitive advantages, speed advantages, and decision-making advantages; accelerate the research and development of the next generation of computers represented by quantum computers to provide stronger computing power support for intelligent command information systems; deeply explore the deeper and wider dimensional information value in massive combat data resources to seek the initiative to win.

Gather wisdom to tackle key problems. The construction and development of intelligent command information systems is one of the main projects of military intelligence. It is a multi-domain, multi-disciplinary, multi-departmental and multi-unit integrated and coordinated project. The construction and development of intelligent command information systems must adhere to the spirit of collective wisdom, collective wisdom, pioneering and innovation, aiming at strategic forward-looking fields such as sensors, quantum information, network communications, integrated circuits, key software, big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, and insist on high-tech promotion and intelligent combat demand. Carry out in-depth research and exchanges in multiple fields, multiple levels, and multiple forms, continuously break through innovation, iterative upgrades, and make the intelligent command information system more complete and more intelligent.

Collaborative development. To further promote the construction and development of intelligent command information systems, we must fully absorb local advanced technological achievements and integrate into the era of innovation and development of artificial intelligence in the world. At present, the world’s artificial intelligence technology is booming, accumulating strong development momentum and technological advantages. Artificial intelligence technology has strong versatility in application and broad prospects for the transformation and application of technological achievements. It is an important way to achieve the construction and development of intelligent command information systems. We must study and formulate general technical standards, remove barriers, break the ice, facilitate military-civilian cooperation, and realize the sharing and linkage of technological achievements. We must cultivate and shape new military talents through collaboration, so that they can constantly adapt to the needs of various positions under intelligent conditions and give full play to the effectiveness of intelligent command information systems.

現代國語：

來源：解放軍報 作者：李建平 紀鳳珠 李琳 責任編輯：王鳳 2022-08-09 12:40

智慧化戰爭時代序幕已經拉開，具有智慧化特徵的指揮資訊系統將成為未來智慧化作戰指揮的“中樞神經”，是智慧化作戰指揮控制的支撐手段。加速智慧化指揮資訊系統建設是軍事智慧化發展的內在要求，只有明晰智能化指揮資訊系統發展要義，抓住智慧化指揮資訊系統研發要點，探索智能化指揮資訊系統發展要津，才能更好地推動智能化指揮資訊系統建設發展進程，贏得未來智能化作戰制勝先機。

明晰智能化指揮資訊系統發展要義

智慧化指揮資訊系統是戰爭形態朝向資訊化智能化戰爭發展的必然選擇，是科技革命發展的必然結果，也是軍事智能化發展的時代訴求。明晰智能化指揮資訊系統發展要義，有助於把脈智能化指揮資訊系統建設方向，確立系統發展長遠目標。

助推戰爭形態智能化演進。未來智能化作戰，戰場形勢瞬息萬變、戰場環境復雜嚴酷，要想在戰場上取得主動，「制智權」成為新的製高點，而智能化指揮資訊系統無疑是未來作戰指揮和行動的重要支撐手段，其智能化發展可助推戰爭形態向智能化演變，是智能化作戰贏得先機、謀求勝利的重要依托。

支撐作戰理念智能化創新。未來智慧化作戰，需要與之相適應的作戰指揮理念，而智慧化指揮資訊系統是作戰指揮理念實踐運用的重要依托，是智慧化作戰指揮理念創新、發展的土壤。如人機混合指揮編組、數據驅動指揮活動、開放發展指揮模式、智能聚力指揮過程等智能化作戰指揮新理念，都離不開智能化指揮信息系統的支撐，智能化指揮信息系統將作為人腦的外延，突破人體生理極限，實現作戰指揮藝術和智能技術的有機融合。

促進作戰方式智能化轉變。人工智慧技術在軍事領域的廣泛應用，使得作戰制勝機理發生重大變化，智慧超越火力、資訊力，成為決定戰爭勝負的首要因素。智慧化指揮資訊系統建設發展將促進作戰方式向智慧化轉變，使得作戰方法從資訊時代的「作戰網絡＋精確制導武器」向智慧時代的「智慧物聯網＋有人/無人作戰平台」轉變、基本作戰樣式相應地從「網絡中心戰」向「認知中心戰」演進。

抓住智慧化指揮資訊系統研發點

指揮資訊系統是資訊化戰爭時代的產物，隨著軍事智慧化的快速發展、智慧化作戰制勝機理的研究和實踐運用，指揮資訊系統智慧化升級建設迫在眉睫。應突顯功能研發點，打造全新智慧化指揮資訊系統。

“超腦化”輔助決策。未來智能化作戰，戰場資訊數據量龐大且複雜多變，指揮員在指揮過程中易陷入「資訊海洋」而導致資訊迷茫，影響指揮決策。隨著智慧輔助決策技術和「雲端大腦」「數字參謀」的出現，以「人腦+人工智慧」協作為基本方式的新決策模式正悄悄形成。智慧化指揮資訊系統將突破人類智力極限，作為人腦的外延，輔助指揮員工作，使戰爭決策由單純的人腦決策發展為「人腦+人工智慧」的超腦化指揮決策。

「全維化」態勢感知。未來智能化作戰，空間多維、力量多元、樣式多樣、節奏加快趨勢突出，全面靈動地掌握戰場態勢成為指揮員決策的基礎，多域一體、智能動態地呈現全維戰場態勢成為指揮資訊系統建設發展必然要求。指揮資訊系統對諸如目標識別、威脅等級估計、作戰行動預判和未來戰況走向預估等戰場態勢的感知、理解、融合和預測，正在從陸、海、空、天、電磁、網絡等空間擴展至認知域、社會域，實現「全維化」態勢感知。

「智聯化」網絡通聯。未來智慧化作戰將使用大量智慧指揮控制平台和智慧化武器平台，而連接指揮控制平台和武器平台的必然是智慧化的資訊通訊系統。如同人體的神經和血管，智慧化的資訊通訊系統在智慧化作戰中扮演連結和潤滑作用。因此，要建立全維度覆蓋、不間斷的智慧化資訊網絡，支撐智慧化裝備的連結和控制，形成網絡結構智能優化、網絡抗毀智能重組以及智能抗干擾能力，以確保平台間智能化的協同作戰，發揮最佳的整體作戰效能。

「無人化」自主協同。近期世界局部沖突中，無人機大量運用並起到決定戰爭走向的重要作用，引起了各方的廣泛關注。無人化武器裝備是智慧化作戰的物質基礎，並依此形成了顛覆式作戰樣式，如侵入式獨狼作戰、有人/無人協同體系破擊作戰、無人系統編隊獨立作戰、無人機蜂群集群作戰等。無人作戰雖是由人主導，並在後台賦予機器一定程度的自主行動權限，從而實現機器在一線無人作戰行動。然而無人作戰戰場瞬息萬變，人機協同被破壞將成為常態，無人智慧化裝備平台指控系統必須更加智慧，要能根據作戰目的進行自主協同作戰。

“主動化”訊息防禦。智慧化作戰必將面臨強敵全維多樣的資訊攻擊，資安防護能力的高低，直接影響戰場「制智權」鬥爭的勝負，是智慧化指揮資訊系統建設的關鍵環節。因此，應主動作為，積極制定及完善網絡防護策略，豐富入侵檢測能力及認證識別手段，加強資訊安全高新技術運用，強化各類無線傳輸方式的抗干擾、抗介入能力，建強智能化溯源反制能力，有效遏止資訊攻擊。

探索智慧化指揮資訊系統發展要津

智慧化指揮資訊系統發展不單單是技術的革新，更需要進一步解放思想、更新理念。推動智慧化指揮資訊系統發展，要改變傳統添硬體、建大「網」、收集存儲各類數據的思路，突破固有層級設定，打造開放式、服務型系統，瞄準智能化作戰指揮與行動需要，探索研究智能化指揮資訊系統發展要津。

創新理念。堅持以創新的思維理念為指引，借用軍事強國智慧化指揮資訊系統發展思路，結合實際需求，探索具有自身特色的發展道路。要打破傳統「樹煙囪」做法，堅持指揮資訊系統頂層設計和整體規劃，統一介面、協議和標準，形成開放式、可持續發展的系統架構佈局；堅持研建用相結合的系統研發策略，制定近期、中期、長期不同階段發展策略，規範系統建設發展方向；堅持迭代升級、優化持續策略，不斷提升指揮、長期不同階段發展策略，規範系統建設發展方向；堅持迭代升級、優化持續性策略，不斷提升指揮控制、長期不同階段發展策略、各分列系統建設發展方向；堅持版本

聚力關鍵。聚力智能化指揮資訊系統關鍵能力建設，是智慧化作戰以智聚優、以智制勝的重要依托，是智慧化作戰取得「制勝權」的關鍵。演算法、算力、數據既是人工智慧發展的內在動力和支撐，也是智慧化指揮資訊系統的核心能力要求和優勢。智慧化指揮資訊系統發展要堅持演算法創新研究，提高系統認知優勢、速度優勢和決策優勢；加快量子計算機等為代表的下一代計算機研發，為智能化指揮信息系統提供更強的算力支持；深度挖掘海量作戰數據資源中更深層次、更廣維度信息價值，謀求制勝先機。

集智攻關。智慧化指揮資訊系統建設發展是軍事智慧化的主要工程之一，是一個多領域、多學科交叉，多部門、多單位參與的大融合大聯動的攻堅工程。智慧化指揮資訊系統建設發展要堅持群策群力、集智攻關、開拓創新的精神，瞄準傳感器、量子信息、網絡通信、集成電路、關鍵軟件、大數據、人工智能、區塊鍊等戰略性前瞻領域，堅持高新技術推動、智能化作戰需求拉動，開展多領域、多層次、多形式深度研究交流，更加創新、進一步迭代創新

協作發展。深入推動智慧化指揮資訊系統建設發展，必須充分吸收地方先進技術成果，融入世界人工智慧創新發展的時代洪流。當前，世界人工智慧技術蓬勃發展，積蓄了強大發展動能和技術優勢，人工智慧技術應用通用性強，技術成果轉化應用前景廣闊，是智慧化指揮資訊系統建設發展的重要實現途徑。要研究制定通用技術標準，拆壁壘、破堅冰、暢通軍地合作，實現技術成果共享連結。要透過協作培養塑造新型軍事人才，使其不斷適應智慧化條件下各類崗位需求，充分發揮智慧化指揮資訊系統效能。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/491773588.html?