How Chinese Military Will Achieve Precise Strikes in Cognitive Domain Operations

中國軍隊如何在認知域作戰中實現精準打擊

現代英語:

How to achieve precise strikes in cognitive domain operations

■Bu Jiang Jiang Rilie

introduction

Currently, driven by intelligent technology, cognitive domain operations are showing new characteristics such as precise perception, precise prediction and precise calculation. Studying and grasping the connotation mechanism of precision strikes in cognitive domain operations to ensure clear operational targets, personalized information generation, and precise information delivery will be more conducive to seizing the commanding heights and initiative in future cognitive domain operations.

Accurately establish combat goals

The establishment of operational goals is often the primary issue of concern in cognitive domain operations. With the continuous application of artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies, the party with a technological advantage is often able to quickly and efficiently collect cognitive data of different dimensions, levels and modalities, thereby discovering the weaknesses and sensitivities of the opponent’s cognitive system. point and detonation point.

Massive “data sources” refine target clarity. Today, as the Internet becomes more popular, cognitive data is growing exponentially. With the support of big data, psychometric and other technologies, target portraits are gradually evolving rapidly towards accurate portraits and intelligent portraits. According to foreign statistics, as of July 2022, the global Internet penetration rate reached 69%, and the Internet has become an essential platform for users’ daily lives. With the help of the Internet, both combatants can widely and quickly realize target object cognitive data collection and cognitive situation awareness, providing support for analyzing the target object’s political beliefs, values, national sentiments, public opinion positions, etc. It is reported that in foreign elections in recent years, foreign data analysis companies have captured social media user data, established character analysis models, accurately portrayed voters’ personalities and cognitive characteristics, and on this basis pushed suggestive campaigns to swing voters. advertising, thereby influencing their electoral decisions.

Dynamic “tag pool” improves target recognition rate. Labeling usually refers to the abstract classification and generalization of certain characteristics of a specific group or object. In cognitive domain operations, labeling is an important process to achieve classification and visualization of cognitive data. In the face of massive user data, establishing a mature and reliable label system is a prerequisite for sorting out, analyzing, and making good use of cognitive data. Using the label system to filter useless data and mine potential value information can provide information for presetting combat scenarios in the cognitive domain. Direct frame of reference. The development of the labeling system should be based on the logical starting point of cognitive domain operations, and ultimately comes down to the application of cognitive domain operations. For the target object, the transfer of interests, changes in personality, and changes in emotion are real-time and dynamic. The establishment of a “tag pool” can sense the cognitive dynamics of the target object in real time and accurately improve the target recognition rate.

Intelligent “algorithm library” shows target relevance. If data is compared to the “fuel” of cognitive domain operations, algorithms are the “engine” and an important source of power for cognitive precision strikes. In a certain sense, cognitive domain operations are “confrontation of data or algorithms.” Through intelligent algorithms, we can deeply mine the multi-dimensional correlation data of the target object’s behavior, build an accurate target portrait, and then combine it with machine learning algorithms to build a prediction model to automatically match and associate cognitive information with the target object, at the right time and at the right place. Deliver cognitive information in an appropriate manner to change the target object’s cognition. As analyzed by some foreign research institutions, with 10 likes, the algorithm can know you better than your colleagues; with 150 likes, the algorithm will know you better than your parents; with 300 likes, the algorithm will know you better than your closest partner you.

Accurately generate information “ammunition”

Designing information “ammunition” that conforms to the target’s thinking habits and perception style is the key to improving the cognitive domain killing effect. The development and application of intelligent science and technology provides a convenient means to achieve “private customization” of cognitive information themes, content and forms, making it possible to instantly and forcibly change the decisions and actions of target objects.

Information theme planning based on target value orientation. Cognitive information theme is the central idea represented by the information and the core of the information content. From legal advice, military deterrence, conflict and separation, and emotional summons, to moral guidance, war mobilization, behavioral instructions, and motivational incentives, different information themes exert different influences. Practice shows that the theme of cognitive information must be planned closely around the target object. According to the different value orientations shown by different combat stages and different target objects, the information theme must be optimized in a timely manner so that the information “ammunition” can satisfy the target object to the maximum extent. needs. According to the analysis of foreign research institutions, foreign election campaign advertisements in recent years are often inseparable from the support of big data. Accurately designing different advertising themes for voters with different values ​​​​can resonate with voters’ values.

Information content design based on target mindset. In the Internet era, the life trajectory, geographical location, hobbies, social relationships, etc. of the target object are all recorded on the Internet, making it possible to accurately create an “information cocoon” that caters to the target object’s way of thinking. Driven by big data technology, the interaction trajectories of target objects in the virtual world can also be easily captured, perceived and calculated. With the assistance of multimedia content intelligent generation systems, information similar to the target’s thinking habits can be generated in batches, causing the target to be trapped in an “information cocoon”. The scope of information acceptance narrows, and the perception of the outside world gradually decreases, and then falls into cognitive confusion. Know the trap. In recent years, many “color revolutions” that have occurred around the world are inseparable from the support of cognitive control. Some Western countries use “deep forgery” technology to instill false information in target objects that conforms to their way of thinking, creating anti-intellectual, The information environment stupefies the people, forming cognitive biases and inducing them to deny their own national and cultural values, thereby creating anti-government sentiments.

Information form selection based on target perceptual characteristics. Psychology believes that the formation and change of the cognitive subject’s attitude needs to go through three processes of “attention-understanding-acceptance”. Whether the target object can be affected by the dissemination of information, attracting attention is the first step. Information form is an important carrier to attract the attention of the target audience, and its form design is crucial to improving the acceptance, dissemination and infectivity of information “ammunition”. Through big data technology, we can mine the national emotions, customs and habits, religious beliefs, personal preferences and other characteristics of the target object, and scientifically judge the perceptual characteristics such as information receiving habits. On this basis, we can comprehensively use text, language, video, image and other information carriers to integrate Color, layout and other elements can cause strong stimulation to the target object’s senses. Since 2011, some Syrian anti-war activists have produced a number of anti-war propaganda short films from the perspectives of children and women and spread them on the international Internet, arousing strong responses from international public opinion. This internationally accepted information carrier meets the aesthetic needs of the public, avoids differential interpretation by the audience, and can often achieve unexpected results.

Accurately deliver information

Cognitive information delivery follows the laws of information dissemination. In order to achieve the effect of precise cognitive attack, it is necessary to deal with issues such as delivery objects, delivery channels, and delivery timing.

Extract cognitive features and filter information delivery objects. The profiling technology supported by big data makes it possible to extract the cognitive characteristics of target objects. Through the cognitive characteristic library, objects with similar characteristics can be screened out from groups of different races, different parties, different occupations, etc., thereby upgrading the traditional extensive screening method. , so that the information “ammunition” is more closely matched with the target object, thereby improving the pertinence and accuracy of cognitive attacks. In recent years, Cambridge Analytica has used machine learning methods to classify Facebook users according to five personality types: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and emotional instability, and established a linear regression of the five personality traits. model to establish a “target” for precise delivery of campaign advertisements. This move has many implications for the world. In the future, cognitive domain operations, based on the extensive collection of users’ cognitive characteristics, will place more emphasis on accurately dividing groups, and carry out targeted campaigns based on the differences in values ​​and behavioral habits of different groups. information delivery and behavior prediction.

Follow social habits and match information delivery channels. The deep popularization of the Internet has brought about tremendous changes in the way information is disseminated, and the ways in which people receive information are becoming more diversified and diversified. According to data from foreign research institutions, there are currently more than 4.62 billion social media users worldwide, and social media platforms have become the main battlefield in the cognitive domain. In the many “color revolutions” that have occurred in recent years, social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, controlled by Western countries, have played an important role in spreading public opinion, organizing protests, and mobilizing the public. It is reported that in similar operations, Facebook is often used to determine the schedule, Twitter is used to coordinate actions, and YouTube is used to spread the word widely. Future operations in the cognitive domain will place great emphasis on focusing on the target’s social habits and characteristics, fully understanding the target’s social circle and life circle, and selecting information delivery methods from multiple channels, including online and offline, military and civilian, to ensure the effectiveness of cognitive information. Delivery rate.

Track cognitive dynamics and accurately deliver information at the right time. Changes in cognition do not happen overnight. Blindly pursuing high rhythm and achieving goals in an instant will have the opposite effect. Therefore, cognitive domain operations must grasp the rhythm and intensity of “time immersion”, select the correct delivery time based on the cognitive dynamics of the target object, and gradually seek to expand the effect advantage. Before the target object has formed a preliminary understanding of a certain event, it is necessary to actively seize the priority of information release, carry out information “bombing” as soon as possible, and strive to “preemptively strike first.” In addition, during the public opinion fermentation stage of the incident, the subject’s cognition has not yet been completely solidified. At this time, by repeatedly disseminating a specific information, the purpose of subtly reconstructing the subject’s cognition can also be achieved.

(Author’s unit: National University of Defense Technology)

國語中文:

如何實現認知域作戰精準打擊

■卜江 蔣日烈

引言

目前,在智慧化技術的推動下,認知域作戰正呈現出精確感知、精確預測和精確計算等全新特徵。研究掌握好認知域作戰精準打擊的內涵機理,從而確保作戰目標清晰化、資訊生成個性化、資訊投射精準化,將更有利於奪取未來認知域作戰制高點和主動權。

精準確立戰目標

作戰目標的確立往往是認知域作戰關注的首要問題。隨著人工智慧、大數據等技術的不斷應用,佔據技術優勢的一方往往能夠快速、有效率地採集不同維度、不同層級、不同模態的認知數據,進而發現對手認知體系的薄弱點、敏感點和爆燃點。

海量「資料來源」細化目標清晰度。在網路深入普及的今天,認知數據正呈指數級增長,目標畫像在大數據、心理測量等技術的支撐下,正逐漸朝著精準畫像、智慧畫像的方向快速演進。根據國外統計數據顯示,截至2022年7月,全球互聯網滲透率達69%,互聯網已成為用戶日常生活的必備平台。借助互聯網,作戰雙方能夠廣泛快速地實現目標對象認知數據收集和認知態勢感知,為分析目標對象的政治信念、價值觀念、民族情感、輿論立場等提供支撐。據悉,在近年的國外大選中,國外數據分析公司就曾透過抓取社群媒體用戶數據,建立人物分析模型,精準刻畫選民性格、認知特徵,在此基礎上對搖擺選民推送暗示性競選廣告,從而影響其選舉決策。

動態「標簽池」提升目標辨識率。貼標簽通常是指對某一類特定群體或物件的某項特徵進行的抽象分類和概括。在認知域作戰中,貼標簽是實現認知資料分類與可視化的重要過程。面對海量的用戶數據,建立一套成熟可靠的標簽體係是梳理分析、用活用好認知數據的前提,利用標簽體系過濾無用數據,挖掘潛在價值信息,能夠為認知域作戰場景預設提供直接參考框架。標簽體系的開發要基於認知域作戰這個邏輯起點,最終歸結於認知域作戰應用。對於目標對象來講,興趣的遷移、性格的改變、情感的變化是即時動態的,建立「標簽池」能夠即時感知目標對象的認知動態,精準提升目標辨識率。

智慧“演算法庫”顯現目標關聯性。如果將數據比作認知域作戰的“燃料”,演算法則是“引擎”,是認知精準打擊的重要動力源。從一定意義上講,認知域作戰是「數據或演算法的對抗」。透過智慧演算法,可以深度挖掘目標對象行為的多維關聯數據,構建精準目標畫像,再結合機器學習演算法構建預測模型,將認知資訊與目標對象進行自動匹配關聯,在合適的時間、合適的地點,以合適的方式投送認知訊息,從而改變目標對象認知。正如國外一些研究機構分析發現,透過10個點贊,演算法可以比同事更了解你;150個點贊,演算法將比你父母更了解你;300個點贊,演算法將比最親密的伴侶更了解你。

精準生成資訊“彈藥”

設計符合目標對象思維習慣和感知風格的訊息“彈藥”,是提升認知域殺傷效果的關鍵所在。智慧科學技術的發展運用,為實現認知資訊主題、內容和形式的「私人客製化」提供了便捷手段,即時、強制地改變目標對象決策和行動成為可能。

基於目標價值取向的資訊主題策劃。認知資訊主題是資訊所表現的中心思想,是資訊內容的核心。從法理勸告、軍事威懾、矛盾離間、情感召喚,到義理引導、戰爭動員、行為指示、動機激勵,不同的訊息主題發揮不同的影響作用。實踐表明,認知訊息的主題必須緊緊圍繞目標對像做策劃,針對不同作戰階段、不同目標對象所表現出來的不同價值取向,及時優化信息主題,才能使信息“彈藥”最大限度地滿足目標對象的需求。根據國外研究機構分析,近年來的國外大選競選廣告背後往往離不開大數據的支撐,針對不同價值觀的選民精準設計不同廣告主題,可以引起選民價值共鳴。

基於目標思維方式的資訊內容設計。在互聯網時代,目標對象的生活軌跡、地理位置、興趣愛好、社交關係等都被網絡所記錄,精準打造迎合目標對象思維方式的「資訊繭房」成為可能。在大數據技術驅動下,目標對像在虛擬世界中的互動軌跡也很容易被捕捉、被感知和被計算。在多媒體內容智慧生成系統等輔助下,可大量產生與目標對象思維習慣類似的訊息,致使其陷於「訊息繭房」之中,訊息接受範圍變窄,對外界的感知度逐漸降低,進而陷入認知陷阱。近年來,全球發生的多起「顏色革命」背後都離不開認知控制的支撐,一些西方國家利用「深度偽造」技術,向目標對象灌輸符合其思維方式的虛假信息,製造反智化、愚民化資訊環境,形成認知偏差,誘導其否定自身民族文化價值理念,進而產生反政府情緒。

基於目標感知特性的資訊形式選擇。心理學認為,認知主體的態度的形成與改變需經過「注意力-了解-接受」三個過程,目標對象能否受到訊息傳播的影響,吸引註意是第一步。資訊形式作為引起目標對象注意的重要載體,其形式設計對提高訊息「彈藥」的接受度、傳播力、感染性至關重要。透過大數據技術可以挖掘目標對象民族情感、風俗習慣、宗教信仰、個人喜好等特徵,科學判斷訊息接受習慣等感知特性,在此基礎上綜合運用文本、語言、視頻、圖像等資訊載體,加以融入色彩、佈局等元素,可以給目標感官造成強烈刺激。自2011年以來,一些敘利亞反戰人士以兒童、婦女等視角,製作出多部反戰宣傳短片在國際互聯網上傳播,引起國際社會輿論強烈反響。這種國際通用的資訊載體,符合大眾審美需求,避免了受眾差異性解讀,往往能達到意想不到的效果。

精準實現資訊投送

認知訊息投送遵循資訊傳播規律,要達到認知精準打擊效果,需要處理好投送對象、投送管道、投送時機等問題。

提取認知特徵,篩選訊息傳遞對象。大數據支撐的畫像技術使提取目標對象認知特徵成為可能,透過認知特徵庫,可以從不同種族、不同黨派、不同職業等群體中篩選出具有相似特徵的對象,從而升級傳統的粗放篩選方式,讓資訊「彈藥」與目標對象更加匹配,從而提高認知攻擊的針對性和精準性。近年來,劍橋分析公司曾使用機器學習方法,依照經驗開放型、盡責型、外向型、親和型、情緒不穩定型五類人格對臉書用戶進行分類,建立了五種人格特質的線性回歸模型,為精準投送競選廣告立起「標靶」。此舉對世人的啟示是多方面的,未來認知域作戰,在廣泛蒐集用戶認知特徵的基礎上,將更加強調精準劃分群體,依據不同群體的價值觀念和行動習慣的差異,進行有目的地信息投送和行為預測。

遵循社交習慣,匹配資訊投送管道。互聯網的深度普及使資訊的傳播方式正發生巨大變革,人們接受資訊的方式更加多樣化、多元化。根據國外調研機構數據顯示,目前全球社群媒體用戶超過46.2億,社群媒體平台成為認知域作戰主戰場。在近年來發生的多起「顏色革命」中,臉書、推特、優兔等社群媒體在西方國家操縱下,在輿論傳播、組織抗議、動員民眾等方面發揮了重要作用。據悉,在類似行動中臉書往往用來確定日程,推特用來協調行動,優兔用來廣泛傳播。未來的認知域作戰,十分強調著眼目標對象社交習慣和特點,充分掌握目標對象的社交圈、生活圈,從線上線下、軍用民用等多渠道選擇信息投送方式,從而確保認知信息的送達率。

追蹤認知動態,把準資訊投送時機。認知的改變,並非一蹴而就,一味地追求高節奏、瞬間達成目的反而會起到反面效果。因此,認知域作戰要掌握好「時間沉浸」的節奏與力度,根據目標對象認知動態選準投送時間,逐步漸進地謀求擴大效果優勢。在目標對像對某一事件還未形成初步認知前,要積極搶佔信息的發布優先權,第一時間進行信息“轟炸”,力求“先發製人、先入為主”。此外,在事件的輿論發酵階段,主體的認知還未徹底固化,此時透過不斷重復傳播某個特定訊息,也可以達到潛移默化地重構主體認知的目的。

(作者單位:國防科技大學)

中國軍事資料來源:http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16209631.html

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