Chinese Military Building a Solid Data Foundation for Victory in the Intelligent Battlefield

中國軍隊為智慧戰場勝利建構堅實數據基礎

現代英語:

Build a solid data foundation for victory in the intelligent battlefield

——A brief analysis of military data management in future wars

■Bai Xiaoying Li Xiaosong

Military data is an important engine for promoting changes in the quality, efficiency and power of military construction. With the development of technology, the way data is generated and used is constantly changing, which poses new challenges to the concepts and methods of military data. To win the future information-based and intelligent war, it is necessary to establish a new military data governance ecosystem, focus on strengthening data integration and data empowerment, and enhance data management capabilities throughout the life cycle, support capabilities for scenario-based analysis and intelligent applications, and safe and controllable supervision capabilities.

Recognize the objective necessity of military data governance

As a basic resource, data is being integrated into military operations, military training, strategic management, equipment construction, and logistics support at an accelerated pace. Military data governance activities are based on data quality, aim to release data value, and ensure data security, and are becoming increasingly important in the construction of military informationization and intelligence.

Objective requirements for improving data quality. Whether it is military construction management or military combat command, it is necessary to process and analyze a large amount of data with various types, different standards, and complex relationships from different channels, different time and space, and different fields. The large amount of data accumulated at different stages of military construction often has problems such as incomplete systems, inaccurate content, untimely updates, and ineffective alignment of multiple source data, which can easily lead to insufficient decision-making basis and even misleading decisions. Improving the availability, completeness, correctness, consistency, timeliness and other credible attributes of military data, and supporting military modeling and analysis based on high-quality data can provide support for the realization of scientific decision-making based on data.

The practical need to release the value of data. Traditional military information systems are mostly used to support a single department or a single business need. Data is created and stored along with the business system. Data between different systems is difficult to be compatible and effectively associated, and business collaboration processes based on data flow have not been established between different departments. With the continuous iteration of the system, a large amount of high-value data cannot be reused and may become “stagnant water”. However, business development requires a large amount of historical data resources from different periods. Repeated construction is bound to cause a large waste of manpower, financial resources and time. Data governance promotes the cross-level, cross-domain, cross-system, cross-departmental and cross-business circulation of data by establishing data standards, optimizing business processes, and improving management mechanisms, continuously improving the ability of comprehensive data perception and deep cognition, and maximizing the release of data value.

Necessary measures to ensure data security. The high sensitivity of military data determines the high security requirements of governance. Due to threats such as data leakage, data destruction, and data abuse, data owners and users often have various concerns about sharing data, resulting in many problems such as invisible, unavailable, and dare not use data. Data security governance runs through the entire life cycle of data generation, circulation, application, evolution, and destruction, meets the trust requirements of data rights authorization, shared circulation, audit traceability, and builds a management and technical system for security assurance.

Face up to the role and value of military data governance

Military data governance can effectively improve data quality, ensure data security, promote data sharing, and play an enabling role in assisting military construction and management decision-making and improving the effectiveness of military scientific research and innovation.

Empower future combat operations. In future wars, combat advantages are highly dependent on data advantages. The ever-changing battlefield environment requires real-time aggregation of data from land, sea, air, space, electricity, and network combat domains to gain decision-making advantages. In an open, collaborative, dynamic, and evolving data ecosystem, high-quality data governance can effectively ensure the quality and security of data throughout its life cycle. Building a modern data connection and sharing architecture can horizontally connect data covering various forces in joint operations, and vertically aggregate data covering command and control, battlefield environment, combat readiness intelligence, etc., to form a data pool that supports multi-domain operations and provide real-time, multi-source data assurance for multi-domain operations. Data governance targets a large amount of raw data, efficiently removes the coarse and retains the fine, removes the false and retains the true, and extracts high-value information, so that commanders can grasp the accurate and dynamic battlefield situation in real time in future operations, and use this as a basis to accurately judge the enemy’s situation and our situation, make scientific decisions and deployments, accurately control combat actions, and ensure the accuracy and efficiency of multi-domain combat activities. According to changes in the battlefield situation and different types of authorization, commanders can flexibly and quickly obtain and call data that meets combat applications, providing more powerful data support and better service supply for multi-domain operations.

Support the modernization of military governance. In the era of intelligence, through the digital collection, standardized processing, and networked connection of military governance elements, the physical world is highly digitized, and the physical world is reshaped by digital mapping, realizing the full connection of physical domains, information domains, etc. With the help of data governance, an integrated military governance information network platform that is cross-military, cross-domain, and cross-system can be systematically built, effectively integrating multiple governance paths such as leadership, coordination, guidance, and interaction, and driving the transformation of fragmented management to holistic governance. The deep integration of military data governance work with business work such as military strategic management, equipment construction, training support, and military scientific research can provide high-quality data for planning, resource allocation, and management evaluation, and promote the improvement of the quality and efficiency of the military governance system. Through data governance, effective integration and deep fusion of data across systems and departments can be achieved, which can effectively break through the time, space and field limitations of the traditional management system and improve modern military governance capabilities.

Promote the development of military intelligence. In modern warfare, both sides try to take various means to obtain, analyze and use battlefield data. Data has become the basic support for the overall operation of the combat system based on the information system. Under the conditions of informatization and intelligence, the combat system operates based on data, combat decisions are generated based on data, and combat actions are guided by data. Having data advantages is the prerequisite for the system to win. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of general artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT and Sora and the huge effectiveness they have shown in the military field, related technologies need high-quality data to “feed”. Data quality often directly determines the “intelligence” of intelligent algorithm models, and even affects the level of military intelligence construction. Strengthening military data governance can efficiently discover and agilely associate related information, extract and integrate multi-domain knowledge, maintain the integrity, consistency, and freshness of information in the process of dynamic evolution, and provide highly credible, highly reliable, and high-value data supply for artificial intelligence training, ensuring that it is not “misled”, enhancing its reliability and explainability, and thereby improving the ability of artificial intelligence to serve complex battlefield situation perception and accurate analysis and decision-making.

Exploring the implementation path of military data governance

Data governance takes data as its object, and needs to sort out the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved in data circulation, forming a data circulation model of benign interaction, co-construction, sharing and co-governance among multiple participants, so as to maximize the release of value. To build a military data governance system, we need to start from the resource system, institutional system, technical system and other aspects.

Build a resource system. Military data business scenarios are diverse, state structures are multi-dimensional, and classification is complex. In order to make data “visible” and “well used”, data resource construction needs to start from the supply side, identify false information, efficiently discover and agilely associate related information, extract and integrate multi-domain knowledge, maintain data integrity in the dynamic evolution process, and form a high-quality data pool. According to different dimensions, a hierarchical and classified military data resource system can be constructed to form a data space with unified identification, multi-dimensional annotation, compliance and security, clear hierarchy, and reasonable structure. According to the requirements of data resource classification and classification, effectively control data usage rights, avoid confusion in data usage management, and realize data discoverability, accessibility, understandability, trustworthiness, and interoperability based on a unified data resource framework.

Improve the institutional system. In the economic and social fields, the data governance framework defines the consensus on the exercise of decision-making power and division of responsibilities for data-related matters, that is, who can take what actions based on what information, at what time and under what circumstances, using what methods. Military data governance needs to be combined with the characteristics of the military field, military activity processes and application scenarios, clarify the laws and regulations on the cross-domain flow of data between different management agencies, security jurisdictions, and physical networks, clarify the authority, responsibilities and collaboration models of different actors in providing and using data, establish rules and regulations covering activities such as data collection, integration and sharing, service application, and security management, promote data construction to be standardized, scientific, and institutionalized, collect, process and apply data in accordance with regulations, standards, authority, and scenarios, and ensure that all stakeholders work in a coordinated manner.

Upgrade the technical system. Facing future wars, it is necessary to build a more adaptable and efficient security technology system that is more adaptable to the release of data value, and to ensure the implementation and implementation of the governance system through technical means. Based on operational data foundations, metadata, data exchange and other standards and specifications, build technologies and tools such as data collection and access, organizational management, shared exchange, and secure operation and control to support the full life cycle management of data. Through technical means such as access control, content protection, operation authorization, traceability and evidence, and regulatory auditing, ensure that data sharing and application meet reasonable, legal, and compliant requirements. For example, based on the digital object system, realize “identity card-style” data management to ensure “one number and one source”; based on the distributed trust management system, realize secure data sharing and controllable traceability.

現代國語:

築牢制勝智慧化戰場的數據基礎

——淺析未來戰爭軍事數據治理

■白曉穎 李曉松

引言

軍事數據是推動軍隊建設品質變革、效率變革、動力變革的重要引擎。隨著技術發展,數據產生和利用的方式不斷嬗變,對軍事數據的概念、方法等都提出新的挑戰。打贏未來資訊化智慧化戰爭,需要建立新的軍事數據治理生態,著力加強數據整合和數據賦能,提升數據全生命週期管理能力、場景化分析和智慧化應用的支撐能力、安全可控的監管能力。

認清軍事數據治理的客觀必需

數據作為基礎性資源,正加速融入軍隊作戰運用、軍事訓練、戰略管理、裝備建設和後勤保障等各環節。軍事數據治理活動以數據品質為基礎,以釋放數據價值為目標,以數據安全為保障,在軍隊資訊化智慧化建設中越來越重要。

提升數據品質的客觀要求。無論是軍隊建設管理,還是軍事作戰指揮,都需要處理和分析來自不同渠道、不同時空、不同領域的大量類型多樣、標準不一、關聯復雜的數據。軍隊建設不同階段累積的大量數據往往存在體係不完整、內容不准確、更新不及時、多種來源數據未有效對齊等問題,容易導致決策依據不充分,甚至誤導決策。提高軍事數據的可用性、完整性、正確性、一致性、時效性等可信屬性,支援基於高品質數據的軍事建模和分析,才能為實現基於數據的科學決策提供支撐。

釋放數據價值的現實需求。傳統的軍隊資訊系統多用於支撐單一部門或單一業務需求,數據伴隨著業務系統創建、存儲,不同系統之間數據難以兼容和有效關聯,不同部門之間未建立基於數據流轉的業務協同流程。隨著系統不斷迭代,大量高價值的數據無法再利用,可能成為「一潭死水」;而業務發展又需要不同時期的大量歷史數據資源,重復建設勢必造成人力、財力和時間的大量浪費。數據治理透過建立數據標準、優化業務流程、完善管理機制,推動數據跨層級、跨領域、跨系統、跨部門、跨業務流通,不斷提升數據全面感知、深度認知的能力,最大限度地釋放數據價值。

確保數據安全的必要舉措。軍事數據的高敏感性決定了治理的高安全性要求。由於存在數據洩露、數據破壞、數據濫用等威脅,數據的所有者和用戶對共享數據往往存在各種顧忌,導致數據不可見、不可用、不敢用等諸多問題。資料安全治理貫穿資料產生、流轉、應用、演化、銷毀的全生命週期,滿足資料確權授權、共享流通、審計溯源等可信任要求,建構了安全保障的管理與技術體系。

正視軍事數據治理的作用價值

軍事數據治理能有效提升數據品質,保障數據安全,促進數據共享,為輔助軍隊建設管理決策、提升軍事研究創新效益發揮賦能作用。

賦能未來作戰運用。未來戰爭,作戰優勢高度依賴數據優勢。瞬息萬變的戰場環境,需要即時匯聚陸、海、空、天、電、網等作戰域的數據,從而獲得決策優勢。在開放、協同、動態、演化的數據生態系統中,高品質數據治理能有效保證數據全生命週期品質與安全。建構現代化的數據引接和共享架構,能夠橫向引接涵蓋聯合作戰各種力量數據,縱向匯聚覆蓋指揮控制、戰場環境、戰備情報等數據,形成支撐多域作戰的數據池,為多域作戰提供實時、多源數據保障。數據治理針對大量匯聚的原始數據,高效去粗取精、去偽存真,萃取高價值信息,使指揮員能夠在未來作戰中實時掌握精確、動態的戰場態勢,並以此為依據準確判斷敵情我情,科學決策部署,精確控製作戰行動,確保多域作戰活動的精確有效率。指揮員根據戰場態勢變化,依據不同類型授權,靈活柔性、快速動態獲取和調用滿足作戰應用的數據,為多域作戰提供更有力的數據支撐和更優質的服務供給。

支撐軍事治理現代化。智能化時代,透過軍事治理要素的數位化採集、標準化處理、網絡化連接,將物理世界高度數據化,以數字形態映射重塑物理世界,實現物理域、資訊域等全領域貫通。藉由資料治理,可以系統化建構跨軍地、跨領域、跨系統的一體化軍事治理資訊網絡平台,有效整合領導、協調、引導、互動等多種治理路徑,驅動碎片化管理向整體性治理轉變。軍事數據治理工作與軍隊戰略管理、裝備建設、訓練保障、軍事科研等業務工作的深度結合,可為規劃計劃、資源調配和管理評估等提供高質量數據,促進軍事治理體系的提質增效。透過數據治理,可以實現數據跨系統、跨部門的有效整合和深度融合,能有效突破傳統管理體系的時間、空間、領域限制,並提升現代軍事治理能力。

助推軍事智能化發展。現代戰爭,作戰雙方力圖採取各種手段獲取、分析和運用戰場數據,數據已成為基於資訊系統的作戰體系整體運行的基本支撐。在資訊化智慧化條件下作戰,作戰體系基於數據運行,作戰決策基於數據產生,作戰行動基於數據牽引,擁有數據優勢是體系聚優制勝的前提。特別是近年來隨著ChatGPT、Sora等通用人工智慧的迅猛發展以及在軍事領域展現出來的巨大效用,相關技術需要高品質的數據來「餵養」。數據品質往往直接決定了智慧演算法模型的「智慧」程度,甚至影響軍事智慧化建設的程度。加強軍事數據治理,可以高效發現、敏捷關聯相關信息,提取並融合多域知識,在動態演化的過程中保持信息的完整性、一致性、鮮活性,為人工智能訓練提供高可信、高可靠、高價值的數據供給,確保其不被“誤導”,增強其可靠性和可解釋性,進而提升人工智能服務復雜戰場態勢感知、精準研判決策的能力。

探索軍事數據治理的實現路徑

數據治理以數據為對象,需理順各方參與者在數據流通各環節的權責關系,形成多方參與者良性互動、共建共享共治的數據流通模式,最大限度地釋放價值。建構軍事資料治理體系,需從資源體系、制度體系、技術體係等方面著手。

構建資源體系。軍事數據業務場景多樣、狀態結構多維、密級分類復雜,為了數據“看得見”“用得好”,數據資源建設需從供給側出發,甄別虛假信息,高效發現、敏捷關聯相關信息,提取並融合多域知識,在動態演化過程中保持資料完整性,形成高品質資料池。可依據不同維度,建構分級分類的軍事資料資源體系,形成統一標識、多維標註、合規安全、層次分明、結構合理的資料空間。依照資料資源分級分類要求,有效控制資料使用權限,避免資料使用管理混亂,實現基於統一資料資源架構的資料可發現、可取得、可理解、可信賴和可互通。

完善製度體系。在經濟社會領域,數據治理框架定義了行使數據相關事務決策權和職責分工的共識,即誰能根據什麼信息,在什麼時間和情況下,用什麼方法,採取什麼行動。軍事數據治理需要結合軍事領域特點、軍事活動流程和應用場景,明確數據在不同的管理機構、安全管轄區域、物理網絡之間跨域流轉的法律法規,明確不同行為主體提供和使用數據的權限、職責與協作模式,建立覆蓋資料收集、整合共享、服務應用、安全管理等活動的規章制度,促進資料建設走向規範化、科學化、制度化,依規、依標、依權限、依場景,採集、處理和應用數據,確保各利益相關者工作協調一致。

升級技術體系。面向未來戰爭,需構築與數據價值釋放更適應、更有效率的安全技術體系,並通過技術手段確保治理制度貫徹執行、落實生效。基於可操作的資料基礎、元資料、資料交換等標準規範,建構資料擷取存取、組織管理、共享交換、安全運控等技術與工具,支援資料的全生命週期管理。透過存取控制、內容保護、操作授權、溯源循證、監管審計等技術手段,確保資料共享與應用滿足合理、合法、合規要求。例如,基於數字對象體系,實現數據「身份證式」管理,確保「一數一源」;基於分散式信任管理體系,實現數據安全共享和可控追溯。

中國原創軍事資源:http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/16339063.html

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