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中國軍方看外軍網絡戰發展新動向

04/03/2023 admin Leave a comment

Chinese Military Perspective on the New Development Trends in Foreign Military Network Warfare

After decades of development, cyberspace has become an important field of production and life in human society, and has become the fifth-dimensional battlefield after “land, sea, air, and sky.” In recent years, the United States and other developed countries have rushed to introduce cyberspace strategies, build (expand) cyber warfare forces, and implement cyber offensive and defensive operations. The moves in the construction, development, and application of cyber warfare deserve the attention of the world.

Pay attention to cyberspace security, and accelerate the establishment of supporting strategies and regulations

Since cyberspace security is a security issue in an emerging field, most countries lack supporting strategies and systems of laws and regulations. In recent years, major countries in the world have positioned it as a major security field, and the pace of promulgating network security strategies and regulations has been significantly accelerated. For example, since the first national network security strategy was proposed in 2000, the United States has continuously formulated, expanded, and updated various policies, strategies, regulations, and regulations in the field of network security. The network strategy alone includes the “National Network Strategy”, “International Cyberspace Strategy”, ” The Cyber Strategy of the Ministry of National Defense and the cyber strategy of the military services, etc., are used to standardize and guide the development and application of cyber warfare. In October 2014, the U.S. military also issued the world’s first joint doctrine “Cyberspace Operations”, which elaborated and standardized the concepts, actions, and tasks of cyberspace operations. In response to cyber attacks by the United States and NATO, Russia announced the “Russian Federation Cyber Security Strategic Concept” in 2014, and promulgated a new version of the “Information Security Doctrine” in 2016, proposing to ensure network information security. In order to strengthen the overall guidance of network security affairs, India issued the “National Cyber Security Policy” in 2013 and plans to issue a “National Cyber Security Strategy”; the Indian military has formulated policies such as the “Army Cyber Security Policy” and “Navy Information Security Policy” regulations.

Strengthen the professional construction of cyber warfare forces, and pay attention to the use of non-governmental network forces

In recent years, the establishment, integration, and expansion of specialized cyber warfare forces have become a trend among foreign militaries. The United States was the first country to propose the concept of cyber warfare, and it was also the first country to form a professional cyber warfare force. The U.S. military established the Cyber Command in 2010, and upgraded it to a first-level joint operations command in 2018. The number of cyber task forces under its jurisdiction has reached 133, with about 6,200 personnel. Russia established a professional information warfare unit in 2013, and cyber warfare is an important function of it. The Japanese Self-Defense Force established the Cyber Defense Team in 2014, initially with more than 100 members, and has now increased to nearly 300, and plans to expand to a thousand in the future. The United Kingdom also announced in 2020 that it will soon create a national cyber force. On this basis, foreign militaries have generally carried out systematic design and layout of cyber warfare forces. In the field of cyber warfare, forces such as network attack, network defense, and network operation and maintenance are inseparable; externally, network warfare forces are integrated and integrated with information warfare forces such as signal reconnaissance and electronic warfare. For example, the commander of the U.S. Cyber Command also serves as the director of the National Security Agency, and the network attack and defense are integrated with signal intelligence and reconnaissance. The Japanese Self-Defense Force has set up a special first-level command to oversee space, network, and electronic warfare affairs.

It is worth noting that foreign military forces constitute the “regular army” of cyber warfare forces, and private cybersecurity companies, technology companies, hacker organizations, etc. have also become important cyber offensive and defensive forces and have attracted much attention. The notorious “Eye of Sauron” and “Equation Group” and other hacker organizations are inextricably linked to the US military. In recent years, Iran, Russia, and Venezuela have encountered cyber attacks, all of which have the shadow of “Equation Group”. The Indian Army is also considering absorbing its rich IT talents to form a cyber warfare reserve force to further strengthen its cyber warfare capabilities.

Actively develop and build a network arsenal, and intelligent weapon systems are beginning to emerge

Cyber weapons are special weapons used for network attack and defense. They can be viruses, loopholes, denial of service attacks, phishing attacks and other offensive and defensive technologies, or network attack and defense system platforms. Anatoly Smirnov, chairman of the International Information Security Association of the Russian Federation, disclosed in 2019 that many Western countries were developing cyber weapons; the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan also made no secret of possessing cyber weapons. According to the disclosures of Snowden and WikiLeaks, U.S. intelligence agencies and the U.S. military have built a systematic offensive cyber arsenal, some of which can be called “weapons of mass destruction” in cyberspace. In 2020, Patrick Saunders, commander of the British Strategic Command, took the initiative to declare that the UK has developed a “destructive” cyber weapon, which can effectively kill the enemy’s power grid and other facilities and equipment.

In terms of network system platforms, the U.S. military has built the most complete network warfare system platform in the world, including accusation management systems such as joint network command and control and unified platform, basic systems for network warfare planning and execution such as the IKE project, and network warfare and network warfare systems such as “Shute”. A weapon system with integrated firepower. In terms of network monitoring and defense, India has developed and built system platforms such as a central monitoring system, network traffic analysis system, and network security monitoring and evaluation system.

Cyber weapons have a natural “kinship” with smart technology. At present, weapon systems in the fields of network situation monitoring, network attack and defense, and password deciphering have already taken shape in intelligentized countries in cyberspace dominant countries. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, the trend of intelligent network weapons will become more and more obvious.

Focus on enhancing the actual combat capabilities of network attack and defense, and innovate network training methods

In view of the reality and destructiveness of cyber threats, foreign militaries attach great importance to testing the security of information network systems and improving the cyber offensive and defensive capabilities of military and government agencies through cyber exercises and training activities in the context of actual combat.

In terms of participating forces, it covers the military, government agencies, reserves and civilian cyber forces. In the method mode, opponents are generally set to ensure the confrontation of the exercise. Some also innovatively use the method of offering rewards to attract hackers to “legally” attack specific target networks and help find network system defense loopholes. In terms of the training environment, actively build a network shooting range to simulate the information network environment of one’s own side and the opponent’s. The United States, Britain, Japan, Canada and NATO have all established professional cyber ranges. As the world’s largest multinational cyber exercise, NATO’s “Lock Shield” exercise simulated a country’s information network environment in 2019. The content of the drill includes responsiveness testing, defense vulnerability inspection, and election interference analysis. India regularly holds “Cyber Fortress” exercises. It is said that in the “Cyber Fortress-8” exercise organized in 2015, the Indian Army’s cyber brigade used remote penetration and other means to successfully obtain the administrator authority of a certain network system of the Indian Army, and found that 13 major categories of security vulnerabilities were identified. In addition, the U.S. military has begun to practice the integration of cyber warfare and operations in other fields. In the U.S. military’s “Schriever” exercise, the integration of space operations and cyber warfare is one of the important contents.

At present, some countries have regarded some serious cyber attacks as acts of war. As the international rules of conduct in cyberspace restrict and deter cyber attacks more and more, cyber exercises may replace real network operations and become foreign military training and upgrading. The primary path to network offensive and defensive capabilities.

Emphasis on pre-emptive offensive operations, actual combat tends to integrate deterrence and multi-domain integration

The hugeness, complexity, and fragility of the network system make network defense difficult and costly. For this reason, the United States and other countries have gradually changed their network security policy and operational thinking from the initial comprehensive defense to preemptive offensive operations, emphasizing Conduct pre-emptive offensive operations in hostile networks to eliminate potential or actual threats.

Driven by offensive thinking, cyber warfare is common in international conflicts, and the targets of attacks are no longer limited to military targets. The United States is the first country to apply cyber warfare to actual combat. In 2009, the U.S. military used the “Stuxnet” virus to carry out cyber attacks on Iran’s nuclear facilities, causing more than 1,500 centrifuges to be scrapped and the Iranian nuclear process to be paused. In 2020, after the assassination of Soleimani, the U.S. military launched cyber attacks on the command and control of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps, missiles, and air defense systems to deter and prevent Iran from carrying out military retaliation. Of course, the idea of offensive cyber warfare does not require absolute cyber superiority. Some non-cyber powers have also proposed the idea of using asymmetric cyber capabilities to carry out preemptive attacks on the enemy’s weaknesses, and then achieve the goal of using the small to gain the big and the weak in the network game. Mandatory.

It is worth noting that in recent international conflicts, the trend of multi-domain integration in the fields of cyber warfare and firepower warfare, electromagnetic spectrum warfare, and cognitive domain warfare has become very obvious. For example, when armed conflicts broke out between Azerbaijan and Armenia in the Naka region in 2020, the two sides launched cyber offenses and defenses in cyberspace on the one hand, and on the other hand launched fierce confrontations in the cognitive domain around international and domestic public opinion, military morale, legal principles and morals.

At present, the low-intensity and ambiguous nature of cyber warfare attracts some international actors to frequently carry out cyberspace operations regardless of the consequences, and the risk of conflict escalation out of control is constantly accumulating. To this end, all countries in the world should start consultations and negotiations on international rules of conduct in cyberspace and cyber arms control as soon as possible, jointly restrict military activities in cyberspace, create a new pattern of cybersecurity, and build a community of shared future in cyberspace.

Original Mandarin Chinese:

經過幾十年的發展，網絡空間已經成為人類社會生產生活的重要領域，成為繼“陸、海、空、天”之後的第五維戰場。近年來，美國等發達國家紛紛出台網絡空間戰略，建設（壯大）網絡戰力量，實施網絡攻防作戰。網絡戰建設、發展和應用的動向值得世人關注。

關注網絡空間安全，加快建立配套戰略法規

由於網絡空間安全是一個新興領域的安全問題，大多數國家缺乏配套的戰略和法律法規體系。近年來，世界主要國家將其定位為重大安全領域，出台網絡安全戰略和法規的步伐明顯加快。例如，自2000年第一個國家網絡安全戰略提出以來，美國不斷制定、擴充和更新網絡安全領域的各種政策、戰略、規章制度。僅網絡戰略就有《國家網絡戰略》、《國際網絡空間戰略》、《國防部網絡戰略》和《軍種網絡戰略》等，用於規範和指導發展 2014年10月，美軍還發布了世界上第一個聯合條令“網絡空間作戰”，對網絡空間作戰的概念、行動和任務進行了闡述和規範。北約、俄羅斯2014年公佈《俄羅斯聯邦網絡安全戰略構想》，2016年頒布新版《信息安全條令》，提出保障網絡信息安全。為加強網絡安全統籌指導事務方面，印度2013年出台《國家網絡安全政策》，併計劃出台《國家網絡安全戰略》；印度軍方制定了《陸軍網絡安全政策》、《海軍信息安全政策》等政策安全策略”的規定。

加強網絡戰力量專業化建設，重視利用民間網絡力量

近年來，網絡戰專業化力量的建立、整合和壯大成為外軍發展趨勢。美國是最早提出網絡戰概念的國家，也是最早組建專業網絡戰部隊的國家。美軍於2010年成立網絡司令部，2018年升格為一級聯合作戰司令部，下轄的網絡特遣部隊已達133個，人員約6200人。俄羅斯於2013年成立專業信息戰部隊，網絡戰是其重要職能。日本自衛隊在2014年成立了網絡防衛隊，最初有100多名成員，現在已經增加到近300人，未來還計劃擴大到千人。英國也在2020年宣布將很快創建一支國家網絡部隊。在此基礎上，外軍普遍進行了網絡戰力量的系統化設計和佈局。在網絡戰領域，網絡攻擊、網絡防禦、網絡運維等力量密不可分；對外，網絡戰力量與信號偵察、電子戰等信息戰力量融合融合。比如美國網絡司令部司令兼任國家安全局局長，網絡攻防與信號情報偵察相結合。日本自衛隊設立了專門的一級司令部，負責監管太空、網絡和電子戰事務。

值得注意的是，外國軍隊構成了網絡戰力量的“正規軍”，民間網絡安全公司、科技公司、黑客組織等也成為重要的網絡攻防力量，備受關注。臭名昭著的“索倫之眼”和“方程組”等黑客組織都與美軍有著千絲萬縷的聯繫。近年來，伊朗、俄羅斯、委內瑞拉等國都遭遇過網絡攻擊，都有“方程組”的影子。印度陸軍也在考慮吸納其豐富的IT人才，組建網絡戰後備力量，進一步加強網絡戰能力。

積極發展建設網絡化武庫，智能武器系統初現端倪

網絡武器是用於網絡的特殊武器

攻防。它們可以是病毒、漏洞、拒絕服務攻擊、釣魚攻擊等攻防技術，也可以是網絡攻防系統平台。俄羅斯聯邦國際信息安全協會主席阿納托利·斯米爾諾夫在2019年透露，許多西方國家正在研發網絡武器；美國、英國、德國和日本也毫不掩飾擁有網絡武器。根據斯諾登和維基解密的披露，美國情報機構和美國軍方已經建立了一個系統的進攻性網絡武器庫，其中一些武器堪稱網絡空間的“大規模殺傷性武器”。 2020年，英國戰略司令部司令帕特里克桑德斯主動宣稱，英國已經研製出“破壞性”網絡武器，可以有效殺傷敵方電網等設施設備。

在網絡系統平台方面，美軍建成了世界上最完備的網絡戰系統平台，包括聯合網絡指揮控制、統一平台等指控管理系統，IKE等網絡戰規劃與執行基礎系統。項目，以及“樹特”等網絡戰和網絡戰系統。具有綜合火力的武器系統。在網絡監控防禦方面，印度開發建設了中央監控系統、網絡流量分析系統、網絡安全監控評估系統等系統平台。

網絡武器與智能技術有著天然的“親緣關係”。目前，網絡態勢監測、網絡攻防、密碼破譯等領域的武器系統在網絡空間主導國家的智能化國家已經形成。隨著人工智能技術的發展，網絡化武器的智能化趨勢將越來越明顯。

著力提升網絡攻防實戰能力，創新網絡訓練方式

鑑於網絡威脅的真實性和破壞性，外軍十分重視通過實戰背景下的網絡演習和訓練活動，檢驗信息網絡系統的安全性，提高軍政機構的網絡攻防能力。

在參與力量方面，它涵蓋了軍隊、政府機構、預備役和民間網絡力量。在方法模式中，一般都會設置對手，以保證練習的對抗性。有的還創新性地採用懸賞的方式，吸引黑客“合法”攻擊特定目標網絡，幫助尋找網絡系統防禦漏洞。在訓練環境方面，積極建設網絡靶場，模擬己方和對方的信息網絡環境。美國、英國、日本、加拿大和北約都建立了專業的網絡靶場。作為全球規模最大的多國網絡演習，北約“鎖盾”演習模擬了2019年一個國家的信息網絡環境，演練內容包括響應能力測試、防禦漏洞檢查、選舉干擾分析等。印度定期舉行“網絡堡壘”演習。據稱，在2015年組織的“網絡堡壘-8”演習中，印陸軍網絡旅利用遠程滲透等手段，成功獲取了印軍某網絡系統的管理員權限，並發現13 確定了主要類別的安全漏洞。此外，美軍也開始實踐網絡戰與其他領域作戰的融合。在美軍的“施里弗”演習中，太空作戰與網絡戰的融合是重要內容之一。

目前，一些國家已將一些嚴重的網絡攻擊行為視為戰爭行為。隨著網絡空間國際行為準則對網絡攻擊的約束和威懾越來越強，網絡演習有可能取代真正的網絡作戰，成為外國軍事訓練和升級。網絡攻防能力的主要途徑。

強調先發製人的進攻作戰，實戰趨向綜合威懾和多域融合

網絡系統的龐大性、複雜性和脆弱性使得網絡防禦難度大、成本高。為此，美國等國逐漸將網絡安全政策和作戰思路從最初的全面防禦轉變為先發製人的進攻作戰，強調在敵對網絡中進行先發製人的進攻作戰，以消除潛在或實際的威脅。

在進攻性思維的驅使下，網絡戰在國際衝突中屢見不鮮,

攻擊目標不再局限於軍事目標。美國是第一個將網絡戰應用到實戰中的國家。 2009年，美軍利用“震網”病毒對伊朗核設施進行網絡攻擊，導致1500多台離心機報廢，伊朗核進程暫停。 2020年，蘇萊曼尼遇刺後，美軍對伊朗革命衛隊的指揮控制、導彈、防空系統等發起網絡攻擊，以威懾和阻止伊朗進行軍事報復。當然，進攻性網絡戰的思路並不需要絕對的網絡優勢。一些非網絡大國也提出了利用非對稱網絡能力對敵方弱點進行先發製人攻擊的想法，進而在網絡博弈中達到以小博大、以弱勝強的目的。強制的。

值得注意的是，在近期的國際衝突中，網絡戰與火力戰、電磁頻譜戰、認知域戰等領域的多域融合趨勢十分明顯。例如，2020年阿塞拜疆與亞美尼亞在納卡地區爆發武裝衝突，雙方一方面在網絡空間展開網絡攻防，另一方面圍繞國際國內展開認知領域的激烈交鋒。民意、軍隊士氣、法理和道德。

當前，網絡戰的低烈度和模糊性，吸引了一些國際行為體不顧後果地頻繁開展網絡空間作戰，衝突失控升級的風險不斷累積。為此，世界各國應盡快啟動網絡空間國際行為規則和網絡軍控磋商談判，共同製約網絡空間軍事活動，打造網絡安全新格局，構建網絡空間共享共同體。網絡空間的未來。

Chinese Military Source: https://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2021-04/08/content_XXXXX.htm

China Cyber Dilemma in the 21st Century, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀

中國軍隊探索信息戰制勝戰略

04/03/2023 admin Leave a comment

Chinese Military Exploring the Strategy of Winning Superiority in Information Warfare

來源：中國國防報

In the era of information warfare, due to changes in the mechanism of winning wars, the strategy of winning with the inferior to the superior has also changed accordingly. Under the new situation, exploring the new characteristics, new laws, and new strategies of informatization warfare to win the war with the inferior has very important practical significance for winning future wars.

Information has become the dominant factor in winning a war, and the victory of the inferior is concentrated in seizing information superiority

As information technology is widely used in the military field, informationized weapons and equipment have become the main weapons on the battlefield. Information flow will determine material flow, force flow and energy flow, and become the dominant element of combat effectiveness, penetrating every corner of the battlefield. Competing for information superiority and linking multidimensional forces such as land, sea, air, space, and electricity have become the focus of confrontation in informationized warfare. Taking the information combat system as the primary target of using troops, finding the weak parts of the opponent’s information system, concentrating on destroying them, and making the opponent’s intelligence information system and command and control system paralyzed or unable to operate normally has become an important way for the inferior equipment to defeat the strong enemy. By striking information targets, one hair can affect the whole body and even directly achieve the purpose of war.

The more the party has the advantage of information technology, the more afraid the disadvantaged party will adopt asymmetric means of confrontation. As someone pointed out: our practice of using information as the focus of operations can become our strength, but it is also easy to become a vulnerable weakness. Therefore, aim at the weaknesses and weaknesses of the powerful enemy’s informationized combat platform, concentrate elite weapons and trumpet weapons and equipment, avoid the enemy’s sharp edge, take a slanted sword, and attack its weak links, such as comprehensively using information attack, navigation countermeasures, photoelectric interference and other means to destroy enemy information Even if only one or two of the network system, reconnaissance and early warning system, command and control system, and navigation and positioning system are successful, it can disrupt its overall structure and combat order, effectively paralyze its combat system, and finally achieve the effect of four or two.

System confrontation has become the basic law of victory in war, and the superiority of the inferior is highlighted by the weakening and deprivation of the enemy’s systematic combat advantages

In informationized warfare, the integration, complementarity, and interdependence of the various services and arms have increased, and the confrontation between the combat systems of the two hostile parties has become increasingly prominent. War is no longer a confrontation of single functions between combat units, but a systemic confrontation based on the comprehensive integration of various combat units and combat elements. The overall function of the combat system has a major impact on the success or failure of a war. In the face of an enemy with systemic advantages, it is very difficult to rely on a single force and a single means to achieve victory over the superior. Whether it can weaken and deprive the combat advantages of a powerful enemy system has become a key link in information warfare to achieve victory over the superior.

The practice of several local wars in recent years has proved that the party with inferior equipment can effectively destroy the key targets of the enemy’s combat system by developing and using some advanced weapons and combining them with other weapons and equipment when there is a “generational difference” in the overall combat capability. It is entirely possible to cause a powerful enemy’s overall operational dysfunction or paralysis. The larger and more sophisticated the combat system of a strong enemy in information technology, the easier it is to expose its vulnerable side. Once it is destroyed, it will often cause serious consequences. During the Iraq war, the U.S. military was shocked by the fact that GPS precision-guided weapons lost their accuracy after being interfered by the Iraqi army’s GPS jammers. During the Kosovo War, the soldiers and civilians of Yugoslavia used flexible and diverse computer network warfare, which also caused NATO’s computer network system to be attacked and paralyzed many times.

Quick decision has become the basic requirement for winning a war, and more emphasis is placed on immediate linkage to form a local advantage over the enemy by using the inferior to win the superior

The depreciation of the space factor and the sharp increase in the value of the time factor in the informationized battlefield lead to the acceleration of the combat rhythm, the shortening of the duration of the war, and the significant enhancement of the quick decision of the war. Although the basic combat procedures and information flow have not undergone fundamental changes, the processes of discovering targets, making decisions, issuing orders, and troop actions are carried out almost simultaneously in real time. The U.S. military’s book “Awe and Fear–The Way to Quickly Conquer the Enemy” pointed out that when talking about the quick victory of information warfare: “From a technical point of view, the speed here includes the formulation of combat plans, combat determination, and deployment and use of troops. Everything requires the troops to respond quickly in the shortest possible time.” In the Afghan war, it took about 19 minutes for the U.S. military to go from the “discovery-location-aiming-attack-assessment” kill chain, while it only took 10 minutes in the 2003 Iraq war about.

At the same time, various information-based weapons can carry out rapid and deadly long-range precision strikes, making the disadvantaged party form a passive situation where they cannot be seen, relied on, grasped, or hit. In exchange for room for maneuver in battles and battles; through long-term local gathering of superior forces and annihilating the enemy, accumulating small victories into big victories, it becomes more difficult to finally realize the growth and decline of the enemy and our forces. We must pay attention to the function of network aggregation, select and deploy new quality and elite forces, adopt modular organization, building block combination, task combination and other force formation methods, use multi-dimensional distribution, network chain combat configuration, and use link cycle linkage and leapfrog Response methods such as direct linkage, synchronous parallel linkage, sequential connection linkage, etc., realize network aggregation efficiency, system linkage, and multi-dimensional response to obtain local strength advantages against the enemy.

Technological factors are becoming more and more important in war, and the victory of the inferior depends on the close integration of people and technology

Information technology, especially disruptive technology, has triggered revolutionary changes in weaponry, organizational structure, and combat styles, and has become a direct driving force for the transformation of information warfare. Information warfare relies on the combination and application advantages of weapon platforms to realize domain linkage and cross-domain control. The proportion of technology-intensive arms and new-quality combat forces continues to increase. The concept of inferior superiority is facing challenges. However, information-based weapons and equipment put forward higher requirements for the quality of personnel. The organic combination of information-based weapons and equipment and high-quality personnel has become a key factor in winning a war. When the disadvantaged party confronts a strong enemy, it is even more necessary to do more in terms of human subjective initiative. enough articles.

In the man-machine system composed of man and weapon, the scientific and technological content of weapons and equipment is increasing day by day, and the trend of intelligence is becoming more and more obvious. The political, theoretical, military and technological literacy of commanders has become the key factor for winning an information war. General Sullivan of the U.S. Army once said: “Even in the information age, it is still people who dominate war operations. Changes in technology, equipment, and force structure will not lead to the disappearance of courage, selflessness, camaraderie, and leadership. “Information warfare has not changed that people are the decisive factor in the outcome of a war. How to make full use of strengths and avoid weaknesses for the party with inferior weapons and equipment, give full play to the effective combination of people and technology, and make up for technological disadvantages has become a key factor in defeating an enemy with superior equipment.

The contest of intelligence and strategy has become an important aspect of winning a war, and the strategy of using the inferior to win the superior exists in the active role

If a weak army wants to defeat a strong enemy, simply competing in military strength is tantamount to hitting a rock with an egg – there is no advantage at all; simply competing in equipment technology is tantamount to using its own strengths to defeat the enemy’s strengths – always being passive; Competing with external support is tantamount to discarding the decisive role of internal factors-willing to seek defeat with inferiority. What ultimately depends on the inferior to the superior? Relying on the active role of self-consciousness, relying on intelligence and strategic competition, this is the fundamental factor to realize the transformation from weak to strong, and the inferior to the superior.

Subjective initiative is manifested in many aspects for “surviving the superior with the inferior”. Although the “potential” here has a certain relationship with the strength of the opposing sides, it still depends on the degree of the commander’s subjective initiative. Those who plan well gain power, and those who do not plan lose power. The second is to actively plan a series of strategies to actively seize the advantages of opportunities. War is a vigorous confrontation between two sides fighting wits and courage. If the weaker side can make a superior move and make a living in a row, it will surely win the first opportunity. The third is to actively create local advantages and actively establish overall victory. Global strength does not mean local overall superiority, and overall global weakness does not mean local overall inferiority. Concentrating forces to form local advantages will eventually break the comparison of advantages and disadvantages and lay the foundation for overall victory. The fourth is to make the best use of the situation and actively innovate and adapt tactics. Water is impermanent, and soldiers are impermanent. According to changes in the enemy’s situation, we can flexibly innovate and change our own tactics, and constantly change the situation of both the enemy and ourselves, so as to gradually provide conditions for our own side to change from weak to strong.

Original Mandarin Chinese:

在信息戰時代，由於戰爭制勝機制的變化，以弱勝強的製勝策略也隨之發生了變化。新形勢下，探索信息化戰爭的新特點、新規律、新戰略，以弱勝強，對打贏未來戰爭具有十分重要的現實意義。

信息成為打勝仗的主導因素，弱者的勝利集中在奪取信息優勢

隨著信息技術在軍事領域的廣泛應用，信息化武器裝備成為戰場上的主力武器。信息流將決定物質流、力量流和能量流，成為戰鬥力的主導要素，滲透到戰場的每一個角落。爭奪信息優勢，聯動陸、海、空、天、電等多維力量，成為信息化戰爭的對抗焦點。把信息作戰系統作為用兵的首要目標，發現對方信息系統的薄弱環節，集中摧毀，使對方情報信息系統和指揮控制系統癱瘓或無法正常運轉，已成為重要的作戰手段。以劣裝備打敗強敵的方法。通過打擊信息目標，一根頭髮絲牽一發而動全身，甚至直接達到戰爭目的。

越是擁有信息技術優勢的一方，就越害怕處於劣勢的一方採取不對稱的對抗手段。正如有人指出的那樣：我們將信息作為作戰重點的做法可以成為我們的優勢，但也很容易成為我們脆弱的弱點。因此，針對強敵信息化作戰平台的薄弱環節和弱點，集中精銳武器和喇叭武器裝備，避敵利刃，斜劍攻其薄弱環節，如綜合運用信息攻擊、航海導航等。反制、光電干擾等手段破壞敵方信息即使網絡系統、偵察預警系統、指揮控制系統、導航定位系統中只有一兩個得手，也能擾亂其整體結構和作戰秩序，有效地麻痺了它的戰鬥系統，最終達到四兩的效果。

體係對抗成為戰爭取勝的基本法則，劣勢通過削弱和剝奪敵方體係作戰優勢而凸顯

信息化戰爭中，各兵種融合、互補、依存度增強，敵對雙方作戰體係對抗性日益突出。戰爭不再是作戰單位之間單一職能的對抗，而是各種作戰單位和作戰要素綜合融合的系統性對抗。戰鬥系統的整體功能對一場戰爭的成敗具有重大影響。面對擁有系統優勢的敵人，僅靠單一的力量和單一的手段，是很難戰勝上位的。能否削弱和剝奪強敵系統的作戰優勢，成為信息戰制勝制勝的關鍵環節。

近年來的幾次局部戰爭實踐證明，裝備劣勢的一方在存在“代溝”的情況下，通過研製和使用一些先進武器，並與其他武器裝備相結合，可以有效摧毀敵方作戰體系的重點目標。 ”在整體作戰能力上。完全有可能造成強敵整體作戰失靈或癱瘓。信息化強敵的作戰體系越大越精密，越容易暴露其弱點。一旦被破壞，往往會造成嚴重的後果。伊拉克戰爭期間，GPS精確制導武器在受到伊拉克軍隊的GPS干擾器干擾後，精度下降，令美軍震驚。科索沃戰爭期間，南斯拉夫軍民使用了靈活多樣的計算機網絡戰，這也導致北約的計算機網絡系統多次遭到攻擊而癱瘓。

速決已成為打贏戰爭的基本要求，更加註重即時聯動，以弱勝強，形成製敵局部優勢

信息化戰場空間因素的貶值和時間因素價值的急劇上升導致信息化戰場的加速

戰鬥節奏，戰爭持續時間的縮短，戰爭速決能力的顯著增強。雖然基本的作戰程序和信息流沒有發生根本性的變化，但發現目標、決策、下達命令和部隊行動的過程幾乎是同時實時進行的。美軍著作《敬畏與恐懼——速克敵之道》在談到信息戰的速勝時指出：“從技術角度看，這裡的速度包括作戰計劃的製定、作戰決心，部署和用兵。一切都需要部隊在最短的時間內迅速做出反應。” 在阿富汗戰爭中，美軍從“發現-定位-瞄準-攻擊-評估”殺傷鏈走完大約需要19分鐘，而在2003年的伊拉克戰爭中只用了10分鐘左右。

同時，各種信息化武器可以進行快速、致命的遠程精確打擊，使處於不利地位的一方形成看不見、依靠不了、抓不住、打不著的被動局面。以換取戰場上的迴旋餘地；通過長期局部集結優勢兵力殲滅敵人，積小胜為大勝，最終實現敵我力量的消長變得更加困難。要注重發揮網絡聚合作用，選拔部署新型精銳力量，採用模塊化編組、積木組合、任務組合等兵力編組方式，多維度佈局、網絡鍊式作戰配置、使用鏈條循環聯動、蛙跳式直接聯動、同步並聯、順序連接聯動等響應方式，實現網絡聚合高效、系統聯動、多維響應，獲取對敵局部兵力優勢。

技術因素在戰爭中越來越重要，弱者的勝利取決於人與技術的緊密結合

信息技術特別是顛覆性技術引發了武器裝備、組織結構、作戰方式的革命性變革，成為信息化戰爭變革的直接驅動力。信息戰依托武器平台的組合和應用優勢，實現域聯動和跨域控制。技術密集型兵種和新型作戰力量比重不斷提高。自下而上的概念正面臨挑戰。但信息化武器裝備對人員素質提出了更高的要求。信息化武器裝備與高素質人才的有機結合，成為打贏戰爭的關鍵因素。當弱勢一方面對強敵時，更需要在人的主觀能動性上多做一些事。足夠的文章。

在人與武器組成的人機系統中，武器裝備的科技含量與日俱增，智能化趨勢越來越明顯。指揮官的政治素養、理論素養、軍事素養和科技素養成為打贏信息戰的關鍵因素。美國陸軍將軍蘇利文曾說過：“即使在信息時代，主導戰爭行動的仍然是人。技術、裝備和部隊結構的變化不會導致勇氣、無私、友情和領導力的消失。” “信息戰沒有改變人是決定戰爭勝負的因素。武器裝備劣勢黨如何揚長避短，充分發揮人與科技的有效結合，彌補科技劣勢，成為以優裝備克敵制勝的關鍵因素。

智謀與謀略的較量成為戰爭取勝的重要方面，以弱勝強的戰略存在於主動作用中

弱軍欲勝強敵，單純比武無異於以卵擊石——毫無優勢可言；單純的比拼裝備技術，無異於以己之長克敵之長——永遠被動；與外援競爭，無異於捨棄了內因的決定作用——以弱求敗。到底是什麼決定了下位者對上位者的影響？依靠自覺的主動作用，依靠智慧和戰略競爭，這是實現由弱變強的根本因素，而

比上級高。

“以弱勝強”的主觀能動性表現在很多方面。這裡的“勢”雖然與對方的實力強弱有一定的關係，但還是要看指揮官主觀能動性的高低。計劃好者得勢，計劃不周者失勢。二是積極謀劃系列戰略，積極搶占先機。戰爭是雙方鬥智斗勇的激烈交鋒。弱小的一方若能出高招，連續謀生，必能奪得先機。三是積極打造局部優勢，積極確立全局勝利。全球強不代表局部整體優勢，全球整體弱不代表局部整體劣勢。集中力量形成局部優勢，終將打破優勢劣勢比較，為全面勝利奠定基礎。四是因勢利導，積極創新調整戰術。水無常，兵無常。根據敵情變化，靈活創新和改變己方戰術，不斷改變敵我雙方形勢，逐步為己方由弱變強提供條件。

Source URL: http://www.mod.gov.cn/XXX/jmsd/4820576.html?big=fan

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀

中國人民解放軍積極應對智能化作戰挑戰

03/23/2023 admin Leave a comment

Chinese People’s Liberation Army Actively Responding to the Challenge of Intelligent Warfare

In recent years, the wave of intelligence has surged and has been widely used in the military field. Major countries in the world attach great importance to the construction and application of military intelligence, and various unmanned combat platforms and intelligent weapons and equipment continue to appear, and they are installed in troops and put into actual combat. In the face of the accelerated evolution of intelligent warfare, only by seizing development opportunities, actively responding to challenges, accelerating the development of military intelligence, and accelerating the forging of intelligent combat capabilities can we seize the strategic initiative of intelligent warfare and win future intelligent warfare.

Focusing on designing wars to create intelligent theory

Military theory comes from combat practice and is used to guide combat practice. Restricted by various conditions in the past, military theory research was mostly “looking backwards”, that is, summarizing battle examples to form combat guidance. With the rapid development of modern technology, especially big data, cloud computing and other disruptive technologies, the research on combat theory has got rid of the traditional follow-up and inductive reasoning mode, and has entered a new era of experimental warfare and design warfare. New disruptive technologies in the field of intelligence have opened up new space for military theory innovation. To this end, we should create a basic theory of intelligent warfare in accordance with the idea of ”proposing concepts-needs analysis-innovating theories”, and conduct in-depth research on the concept connotation, essential characteristics, war guidance, combat styles, offensive and defensive actions, winning mechanisms, etc. of intelligent warfare. Features and laws, etc.; innovate intelligent combat methods and methods, give full play to the overall effectiveness of the intelligent combat system, strengthen research on new intelligent combat methods and methods such as man-machine collaborative intelligent combat, intelligent robot combat, and intelligent unmanned swarm combat, as well as intelligent Combat command, the process and methods of intelligent combat support, etc.; focus on effectively responding to the threat of intelligent combat, and research strategies to defeat the enemy, such as intelligent interdiction warfare and intelligent disruption warfare. These theories are the cornerstone of the theoretical system of intelligent warfare. In the future, the theory of war centered on strengthening “controlling intellectual power” and competing for “algorithm-centric warfare” will most likely replace the theory of warfare centered on “network-centric warfare.”

Focus on cross-domain interconnection and explore intelligent forms

The military organization is the link connecting military technology and combat theory, and the lever to exert the overall combat effectiveness of the military. Modern combat places more emphasis on “elite combat under the support of a large system”, that is, supported by the joint combat system, “fine front and strong back”, according to the idea of ”integrated design, modular formation, and combined application”, the formation is more precise and more accurate. The powerful combat module enables the maximum release of combat energy. The organization of the future intelligent warfare system will be based on strategies, campaigns, and tactics at different levels and different arms and arms, and will form different types and purposes of small, multi-functional and intelligent new joint combat forces. According to the requirements of reconfigurability, scalability and self-adaptation, the intelligentized combat network can seamlessly link and flexibly organize individual weapon platforms according to changes in the enemy situation and battlefield environment, and then aggregate them to form System advantages, forming a combat module integrating offense and defense. The intelligent new combat force system is a comprehensive product of the development of artificial intelligence technology, the formation of new combat capabilities, and the evolution of war forms. new growth point.

Focus on the integration of man and machine to develop intelligent weapons With the development of information technology and intelligent technology, whoever can win in the field of artificial intelligence is expected to have the initiative in future military confrontation. We should focus on the dual needs of intelligent warfare system operations and intelligent weapon equipment system construction, do a good job in top-level design and overall planning, compile a road map for the development of intelligent weapon equipment systems, and develop high, medium, low-end, low-end, and Large, medium and small, long-range and short-range, covering space fields such as land, sea, air, space, electricity, and networks, and an intelligent unmanned combat equipment system that matches combat and support, and establishes a “human-led, machine-assisted, mixed formation, joint “Operation” manned-unmanned cooperation system, enhance the system integration of various military arms and various intelligent weapons and equipment such as operations and support. Intelligent unmanned combat system is a new trend in the development of future war equipment. Its core is to aim at the requirements of “zero casualties”, “full coverage” and “fast response” in future wars, and make full use of new theories, new materials, new processes, new energy, and new technology development achievements in two aspects: man-machine collaboration and autonomous action. Continuously make breakthroughs, build a three-level unmanned equipment sys

tem of strategy, campaign, and tactics, build a new type of intelligent unmanned division on a large scale, and realize the systematic and coordinated operations of unmanned combat systems. At the same time, we should focus on the needs of unmanned and anti-unmanned, intelligent and anti-intelligent operations, and focus on the development of anti-enemy intelligent unmanned combat weaponry systems to ensure effective intelligent unmanned offensive and defensive confrontation with the enemy.

Focus on ability compound innovation intelligent training

The professional division of labor in modern warfare is becoming more and more detailed, and the entire combat system is becoming more and more complex, which promotes the transition from manpower-intensive to technology-intensive operations, requiring combatants not only to have good physical fitness, but also to have good technical literacy and intellectual advantages , to meet the needs of different combat missions, combat environments, and combat opponents. Military intelligence puts forward higher requirements on the quality of people. Correspondingly, intelligent military talents should have the characteristics of group talents, sophisticated skills, complex knowledge, innovative thinking, and intelligent decision-making. Intelligent warfare will be a war carried out by the combination of man and machine, and the combat force with the intelligent unmanned combat system as the main body will play an increasingly important role. The effective combination of high-quality personnel and intelligent weapons can maximize combat effectiveness. It is necessary to adapt to the new characteristics of the intelligent warfare force system, innovate and develop the concept of intelligent training, and explore a new model for the generation of intelligent warfare combat power. At present, artificial intelligence technology can create a more “real” weapon operation experience and battlefield environment, and can realistically interpret the combat process, assist decision-making and command, and evaluate combat concepts. To this end, adapt to the new characteristics of the intelligent warfare force system, focus on the improvement of the self-command, self-control, and self-combat capabilities of the intelligent combat system, and make full use of the characteristics of the intelligent system that can self-game and self-growth, forming a special strategy for intelligent warfare. Combat system training system, training environment and training mechanism, strengthen “human” control of intelligent system training, and explore a new training mode with “machine” as the main object. In this way, the intelligent combat system can obtain a leap in combat capability after short-term self-intensive training, so as to cope with the test of disorder, complexity and uncertainty in the future combat environment.

Focusing on Accurate and Efficient Improvement of Guarantee Mode

Intelligent battlefields and the degree of realization of comprehensive support for joint operations are important factors that directly affect the generation of combat effectiveness of troops. The development of intelligent technology will surely trigger a revolutionary change in the construction of the joint combat support system and realize intelligent comprehensive support. Comprehensive support is the foundation of combat effectiveness and a bridge that transforms national economic strength into military combat capability. With the continuous maturity of the Internet of Things technology, intelligent warfare puts more emphasis on integrated guarantee, precise guarantee, and distribution guarantee, that is, the required amount is delivered to the required place at the required time. Relying on the integrated support system, the dispersedly deployed support forces and resources are grouped according to functional modules such as supplies, supplies, maintenance, ammunition, and management, so that they cover all areas of combat service support. Relying on visualization technology, the entire process of combat supply is tracked and mastered According to the current situation, according to the real-time development of the battle situation, information control, reception and distribution of personnel flow and material flow are carried out to achieve point-to-point direct support. Through the use of technologies such as the Internet of Things, drones, smart cars, remote surgery, and 3D printing, upgrade and build an intelligent after-installation support system covering intelligent warehousing, intelligent delivery, intelligent maintenance, and intelligent medical treatment, so as to realize automatic, fast and accurate supply of after-load materials on the battlefield , Rapid diagnosis and maintenance of equipment failures, timely rescue of battlefield personnel, changing passive support into active service, and improving the overall support efficiency and effectiveness of aftermarket.

Focus on both military and

civilian use and deepen intelligent integration

Breakthroughs in the core and key technologies of artificial intelligence are the “country’s most important weapon” to deal with the threats and challenges of intelligent warfare. The rapid development of intelligent technology has become an accelerator of military intelligence. In the information age, the boundary between military technology and civilian technology is becoming more and more blurred, and the transferability is becoming stronger and stronger. Actively establish a military-civilian collaborative innovation mechanism, continuously strengthen the driving force for the innovation and development of intelligent core technologies, build an open industry-university-research collaborative innovation system for the whole society, plan forward and support investment in core cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, and give full play to the innovation power of the entire society. Promote the rapid and sustainable development of military intelligence. Accelerate technological breakthroughs in key areas. It is necessary to focus on relevant key technical fields and break the technical bottleneck that restricts the development of military intelligence. Strengthen research on the basic support fields of military intelligence, such as military big data, military Internet of Things, etc.; start from combat requirements, strengthen research on intelligent application technologies in various operational elements, especially intelligent command and decision-making, intelligent weapon platforms, Research on intelligent battlefield perception and intelligent countermeasure technology. The research and development of the core key technology of military intelligence not only requires interdisciplinary and cross-field collaborative innovation, but also integrates the development of social intelligence and military intelligence. Intelligent technology is quickly embedded in operational elements and operational processes. To accelerate the development of military intelligence, we should explore the rules of cultivating relevant talents, make full use of military and local education resources, increase the intensity of training relevant talents, and provide solid intellectual support and talent guarantee for promoting the construction of military intelligence.

近年來，智能化浪潮席捲而來，並在軍事領域得到廣泛應用。世界主要國家高度重視軍事智能化建設和應用，各種無人作戰平台和智能化武器裝備不斷湧現，並列裝部隊，投入實戰。面對智能化戰爭加速演進，只有抓住發展機遇，積極應對挑戰，加快軍事智能化發展，加快鍛造智能化作戰能力，才能搶占智能化戰爭的戰略主動權，贏得智能化未來。戰爭。

專注於設計戰爭創造智能理論

軍事理論來源於作戰實踐，用於指導作戰實踐。過去受制於各種條件，軍事理論研究多是“回頭看”，即總結戰例形成作戰指導。隨著現代科技尤其是大數據、雲計算等顛覆性技術的迅猛發展，作戰理論研究擺脫了傳統的跟風和歸納推理模式，進入了實驗戰和設計戰的新時代 . 情報領域的顛覆性新技術為軍事理論創新開闢了新空間。為此，應按照“提出概念——需求分析——創新理論”的思路，打造智能戰爭基礎理論，對概念內涵、本質特徵、戰爭指導、作戰方式等進行深入研究。智能戰的風格、攻防動作、制勝機制等。特徵和規律等；創新智能作戰方式方法，充分發揮智能作戰系統整體效能，加強人機協同智能作戰、智能機器人作戰、智能無人蜂群作戰等新型智能作戰方式方法研究，如智能作戰指揮、智能作戰保障的流程和方法等；重點有效應對智能化作戰威脅，研究智能化攔截戰、智能化干擾戰等克敵制勝策略。這些理論是智能戰理論體系的基石。未來，以加強“控制智力”和爭奪“算法中心戰”為中心的戰爭理論，極有可能取代以“網絡中心戰”為中心的戰爭理論。

聚焦跨域互聯，探索智能形態

軍事編制是連接軍事技術和作戰理論的紐帶，是發揮軍隊整體戰鬥力的槓桿。現代作戰更強調“大體系支撐下的精銳作戰”，即以聯合作戰體係為支撐，“前精後強”，按照“一體化設計、模塊化編隊、和組合應用”，編隊更精準、更精準。強大的戰鬥模塊，最大限度釋放戰鬥能量。未來智能化作戰體系的編組，將基於不同層次、不同兵種的戰略、戰役、戰術，形成不同類型、不同用途的小型化、多功能化、智能化的新型聯合作戰力量。智能化作戰網絡根據可重構性、可擴展性和自適應性的要求，可以根據敵情和戰場環境的變化，無縫鏈接和靈活組織單個武器平台，進而聚合形成系統優勢，形成作戰模塊攻防一體。智能化新型作戰力量體係是人工智能技術發展、新型作戰能力形成、戰爭形態演進的綜合產物。新的增長點。

專注於人機融合發展智能武器

隨著信息技術和智能技術的發展，誰能在人工智能領域取得勝利，誰就有望掌握未來軍事對抗的主動權。圍繞智能作戰體系運行和智能武器裝備體系建設雙重需求，做好頂層設計和統籌規劃，編制智能武器裝備體係發展路線圖，發展高、中、低端、低端、大、中、小型、遠程、近程，涵蓋陸、海、空、天、電、網等空間領域，以及智能化無人作戰裝備系統，作戰與保障相匹配，建立“人主導、機助、混合編隊、聯合作戰”的有人無人協同體系，增強各軍兵種和作戰保障等各類智能化武器裝備的系統集成。智能無人作戰系統是未來戰爭裝備發展的新趨勢，其核心是針對未來戰爭“零傷亡”、“全覆蓋”和“快速反應”的要求，使充分利用新理論、新材料、新工藝、新能源、新技術的開發成果，在人機協作和自主行動兩個方面。不斷突破，打造三級無人裝備體系

戰略、戰役、戰術三位一體，大規模建設新型智能化無人師，實現無人作戰系統系統化、協同化作戰。同時，圍繞無人與反無人、智能與反智能作戰需求，重點發展對敵智能無人作戰武器裝備系統，確保智能無人攻防有效對抗。敵人。

專注能力複合創新智能培養

現代戰爭職業分工越來越細，整個作戰體系越來越複雜，促使作戰從人力密集型向技術密集型轉變，要求作戰人員不僅要有良好的身體素質，還要具備良好的技術素養和智力優勢，以滿足不同作戰任務、作戰環境、作戰對手的需要。軍事情報對人的素質提出了更高的要求。相應地，智能軍事人才應具有人才群體性、技能精良、知識複雜、思維創新、決策智能等特點。智能化戰爭將是一場人機結合的戰爭，以智能化無人作戰系統為主體的作戰力量將發揮越來越重要的作用。高素質人才與智能化武器的有效結合，才能最大限度地發揮戰鬥力。要適應智能戰力體系新特點，創新發展智能化訓練理念，探索智能戰力生成新模式。目前，人工智能技術可以創造出更加“真實”的武器操作體驗和戰場環境，能夠逼真地解讀作戰過程、輔助決策指揮、評估作戰理念。為此，適應智能作戰力量體系的新特點，著力提升智能作戰體系的自主指揮、自主控制、自主作戰能力，能夠自我博弈、自我成長的智能係統，形成智能作戰的特殊策略。作戰系統訓練體系、訓練環境和訓練機制，強化智能係統訓練的“人”把控，探索以“機”為主要對象的新型訓練模式。這樣，智能作戰系統在經過短期的自我強化訓練後，就能獲得作戰能力的飛躍，以應對未來作戰環境無序、複雜、不確定的考驗。

聚焦精準高效完善擔保模式

智能戰場和聯合作戰綜合保障的實現程度，是直接影響部隊戰鬥力生成的重要因素。智能技術的發展必將引發聯戰保障體系建設的革命性變革，實現智能化綜合保障。綜合保障是戰鬥力的基礎，是國民經濟實力轉化為軍事作戰能力的橋樑。隨著物聯網技術的不斷成熟，智能化作戰更加註重綜合保障、精准保障和配送保障，即按需按時將所需數量送達所需地點。依託一體化保障體系，將分散部署的保障力量和資源按照補給、補給、維修、彈藥、管理等功能模塊進行編組，覆蓋戰勤保障各個領域。依托可視化技術，全程跟踪掌握戰時補給，根據戰況實時發展，對人員流、物資流進行信息管控、接收和分配，實現點對點直接支持。通過利用物聯網、無人機、智能汽車、遠程手術、3D打印等技術，升級構建涵蓋智能倉儲、智能配送、智能維修、智能醫療等的智能後裝支撐體系，使實現戰場後裝物資的自動、快速、準確供應，設備故障快速診斷和維修，戰場人員及時救援，變被動保障為主動服務，提高後市場整體保障效率和效果。

兼顧軍事和

民用與深化智能融合

突破人工智能核心關鍵技術，是應對智能化戰爭威脅和挑戰的“國之重器”。智能技術的快速發展成為軍事智能化的加速器。信息時代，軍事技術與民用技術的界限越來越模糊，可移植性越來越強。積極建立軍民協同創新機制，不斷增強智能化核心技術創新發展的驅動力，構建面向全社會開放的產學研協同創新體系，統籌支持核心切削領域的投入—— 人工智能等前沿技術，充分發揮全社會創新力量。推動軍事情報快速可持續發展。加快重點領域技術攻關。要聚焦相關關鍵技術領域，破解制約軍事情報發展的技術瓶頸。加強軍事情報基礎支撐領域研究，如軍事大數據、軍事物聯網等；從作戰需求出發，加強各作戰要素的智能化應用技術研究，特別是智能指揮決策、智能武器平台、智能戰場感知和智能對抗技術研究。軍事情報核心關鍵技術的研發，不僅需要跨學科、跨領域的協同創新，還要融合社會情報和軍事情報的發展。智能技術快速嵌入到運營要素和運營流程中。加快軍隊智能化發展，探索相關人才培養規律，充分利用軍隊和地方教育資源，加大相關人才培養力度，為推進軍隊建設提供堅實的智力支持和人才保障智力。

Source: https://www.81.cn/jpdbfy20xx/j0o0o0o.html

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Infratsructure, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀

智能作戰時代的中國軍事高等教育

03/22/2023 admin Leave a comment

Chinese Military Higher Education in the Age of Intelligent Warfare

“Military academies are born for war and built for war.” At the opening ceremony of the 2019 military academy principal training, Chairman Xi proposed the military education policy for the new era, pointing out the direction for the military academies to cultivate high-quality, professional new military talents. At present, the form of war is accelerating towards informationization and intelligence. What kind of soldiers are needed to win future intelligent wars, and how military higher education can cultivate talents suitable for intelligent warfare are major issues before us.

The form of war is accelerating towards intelligent development

The form of war is the expression form and state of war history staged mainly marked by the technical attributes of the main battle weapon. So far, after experiencing cold weapon wars, hot weapon wars, and mechanized warfare, the form of warfare is accelerating its development towards informationized and intelligentized warfare. The increasingly widespread application of advanced technologies such as big data, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and brain science in the military field is becoming an important driver of the new military revolution, giving rise to new forms of unmanned, autonomous, and intelligent warfare, changing the Traditional war winning mechanism. In 2014, a foreign military think tank released a research report titled “20YY: War in the Robot Era”, arguing that a storm of military transformation marked by intelligent armies, autonomous equipment, and unmanned warfare is approaching. Platforms, information systems and decision support systems, as well as new weapons such as directed energy, hypersonics, bionics, genes, and nanometers, will initially establish an intelligent combat system by 2035, and will develop to an advanced stage by 2050, fully realizing combat platforms, information Systems, command and control are intelligentized and even unmanned, new weapons such as bionics, genes, and nanometers are on the battlefield, and the combat space is further expanded to biological space, nanospace, and intelligent space.

In recent years, with the continuous deepening of research on the human brain, the brain-computer interface technology is becoming more and more mature. In the future, the information exchange between human beings and the outside world will no longer be limited to the senses, and the direct information exchange between the brain and the outside world can also be realized through chips. People and people, people and things are fully interconnected, and human beings may surpass the Internet and the Internet of Things and enter the era of intelligence supported by the Internet of Brains. In the era of the Internet of Brains, soldiers’ brains are directly connected to combat platforms, information systems, and decision-making support systems, and decisions are made with the assistance of technologies such as quantum computing and cloud platforms. Information and mind merge. Some domestic experts believe that under the influence of artificial intelligence technology, the winning mechanism of future wars will change from “information dominance, system confrontation, precise strikes, and joint victory” in information warfare to “intelligence dominance, independent confrontation, and traceability” in intelligent warfare. Following the transformation of “strike, cloud and brain winning”, following matter, energy, and information, cloud intelligence that integrates man and machine has become the key to determining the outcome of a war. This transformation of the form of intelligent warfare is accelerating, and any hesitation may bring unimaginable consequences.

But it should be noted that no matter how the war develops, people are always the most fundamental element. The form of intelligent warfare will lead to changes in the functions and roles of soldiers, and will put forward higher requirements for the ability and quality of soldiers. Cognitive ability may surpass knowledge and skills and become the core ability of soldiers.

Intelligent warfare requires the upgrading and reconstruction of the comprehensive quality of soldiers.

Chinese Military Mandarin Chinese:

“軍校為戰而生，為戰而建”。在2019年軍事院校校長培訓開班儀式上，習主席提出新時代軍事教育方針，為軍隊院校培養高素質、專業化的新型軍事人才指明了方向。當前，戰爭形態正在加速向信息化、智能化方向發展。打贏未來智能戰爭需要什麼樣的士兵，軍事高等教育如何培養適合智能戰爭的人才，是擺在我們面前的重大課題。

戰爭形態加速向智能化發展

戰爭形態是以主戰武器的技術屬性為主要標誌的戰爭歷史上演的表現形式和狀態。目前，戰爭形態在經歷了冷兵器戰爭、熱武器戰爭、機械化戰爭之後，正在加速向信息化、智能化戰爭發展。大數據、物聯網、人工智能、生物技術、腦科學等先進技術在軍事領域的日益廣泛應用，正在成為新軍事革命的重要驅動力，催生了無人、自主、智能化戰爭，改變傳統戰爭制勝機制。 2014年，國外某軍事智庫發布了一份題為《20YY：機器人時代的戰爭》的研究報告，認為一場以軍隊智能化、裝備自主化、無人化戰爭為標誌的軍事變革風暴正在逼近。平台、信息系統和決策支持系統，以及定向能、高超音速、仿生、基因、納米等新型武器，到2035年初步建立智能化作戰體系，到2050年發展到高級階段，全面實現作戰平台、信息系統、指揮控制智能化甚至無人化，仿生、基因、納米等新型武器投入戰場，作戰空間進一步向生物空間、納米空間、智能空間拓展。

近年來，隨著對人腦研究的不斷深入，腦機接口技術日趨成熟。未來，人類與外界的信息交流將不再局限於感官，大腦與外界的直接信息交流也可以通過芯片實現。人與人、人與物充分互聯，人類有可能超越互聯網、物聯網，進入以腦聯網為支撐的智能時代。腦聯網時代，士兵的大腦直接與作戰平台、信息系統、決策支持系統相連，並藉助量子計算、雲平台等技術進行決策。信息和思想融合在一起。國內有專家認為，在人工智能技術的影響下，未來戰爭的製勝機制將從信息戰的“信息主導、系統對抗、精準打擊、共同製勝”轉變為“情報主導、自主對抗、追溯”。在智能戰爭中。隨著“打、雲、腦制勝”的轉變，繼物質、能量、信息之後，人機合一的雲智能成為決定戰爭勝負的關鍵。這種智能化戰爭形態的轉變正在加速，任何猶豫都可能帶來不堪設想的後果。

但需要看到的是，無論戰爭如何發展，人永遠是最根本的要素。智能化戰爭形態將導致士兵職能和作用發生變化，對士兵的能力和素質提出更高要求。認知能力有可能超越知識和技能，成為軍人的核心能力。

智能化戰爭需要軍人綜合素質的升級改造

According to the talent growth cycle, soldiers who are currently receiving higher education will become the main force of combat training in more than 10 years, and will also become the first main force to meet the challenges of intelligent warfare. At present, there are still some deficiencies in the design of personnel training goals in our military’s higher education, and insufficient attention is paid to the ability to adapt to the ever-changing intelligent battlefield in the future. There is still a certain gap between the personnel training objectives and the needs of intelligent warfare. On July 23, 2020, when Chairman Xi inspected the Air Force Aviation University, he emphasized that we must persist in cultivating people with morality, educating people for war, strengthening m

ilitary spirit education, strengthening fighting spirit, and comprehensively strengthening the ideological and political, military, scientific and cultural aspects of pilot students. , Physical and psychological quality foundation. To implement President Xi’s important instructions and meet the needs of future intelligent warfare, it is urgent to build a higher-level military talent training goal with thinking as the core, and accelerate the upgrading and reconstruction of military personnel’s comprehensive quality.

Intelligent warfare is a complex giant system integrating multiple fields. Its intelligence-based characteristics and iterative and changeable development trend are changing the role of soldiers in warfare. Soldiers may gradually move from the foreground of the war to behind the scenes, from direct face-to-face combat to man-machine collaborative combat, from front-line charging to back-end planning and design of war. In order to be competent in man-machine coordination, planning and designing wars and other functional roles, in addition to ideological, political, physical and psychological requirements, in terms of military profession and scientific culture, soldiers should focus on improving the following five aspects of knowledge, ability and quality: First, multidisciplinary integration Master the core principles of multiple disciplines related to intelligent warfare, such as nature, military, cognitive psychology, and network intelligence, and be able to integrate knowledge across disciplines to guide military practice; the second is strong cognitive ability, with logical thinking, judgment Thinking and system thinking ability, able to use scientific methods to analyze and reason to solve combat problems; the third is human-machine collaboration ability, deeply grasp the characteristics and laws of intelligent warfare, skillfully use combat platforms, command and control systems, and decision support systems, and be able to control diversified intelligent weapons The fourth is the ability to innovate, with a keen sense of technology and strong creativity, able to grasp the frontiers of science and technology, innovate combat styles, and grasp the laws of war development; the fifth is the ability to self-growth, to be able to accurately recognize oneself , rationally plan military careers, freely use information means to acquire new knowledge, new technologies, and new methods, constantly improve the knowledge structure, enhance cognitive ability, and better adapt to the complex and changeable military revolution development.

Identifying the Emphasis Points of Military Higher Education Reform

At present, the superposition of informatization and intelligentization has brought greater complexity to the personnel training work of military academies. It is necessary to meet the actual needs of informatization operations and at the same time lay the foundation for adapting to intelligent warfare. We should focus on The following work.

Restructure the curriculum system. The curriculum system supports the formation of talent knowledge structure. In order to cultivate military talents that meet the needs of intelligent warfare and achieve the training goals of military majors, science and culture, it is necessary to break the practice of designing a curriculum system with a single major as the background and establish a curriculum system of “general education + direction”. The general education course is based on the existing natural science and public courses, adding courses such as mathematical logic, mathematical modeling, critical thinking, network foundation, artificial intelligence, cognitive neuroscience, system engineering, etc., to establish cross-field and interdisciplinary courses System, expand the knowledge of students, build a knowledge structure urgently needed for intelligent warfare, and lay a broad knowledge foundation for their lifelong growth. Orientation courses are to establish a discipline and professional direction, set up a vertical curriculum system of mathematical science, professional foundation, and professional positions, build a solid professional background, and cultivate students’ ability to use professional theories to solve complex combat training problems. The curriculum system of “General Education + Orientation” helps build a “T”-shaped knowledge structure and meets the needs of military personnel to adapt to diverse and intelligent warfare.

按照人才成長周期，目前正在接受高等教育的士兵將在10年以上成為作戰訓練的主力軍，也將成為迎接智能化戰爭挑戰的第一主力軍。目前，我軍高等教育在人才培養目標設計上還存在一些不足，對適應未來瞬息萬變的智能戰場的能力重視不夠。人才培養目標與智能化作戰需求還存在一定差距。 2020年7月23日，習主席視察空軍航空大學時強調，要堅持立德樹人、以戰育人、強軍

加強軍人精神教育，強化戰鬥精神，全面加強飛行員思想政治、軍事、科學、文化等方面的素質。、身心素質基礎。為貫徹落實習總書記重要指示精神，面向未來智能化戰爭需求，迫切需要構建以思維為核心的更高層次軍事人才培養目標，加快推進軍隊人才綜合素質升級再造。

智能戰爭是一個融合多領域的複雜巨系統。其智能化特徵和迭代多變的發展趨勢正在改變士兵在戰爭中的角色。士兵可能會逐漸從戰爭的前台走向幕後，從直接的面對面作戰走向人機協同作戰，從前線衝鋒走向戰爭的後端規劃設計。為勝任人機協同、戰爭策劃設計等職能作用，除思想政治、生理心理等方面的要求外，在軍事職業和科學文化方面，士兵應著重提高以下五個方面知識、能力和素質：一是多學科融合掌握自然、軍事、認知心理學、網絡智能等與智能戰爭相關的多學科核心原理，能夠跨學科整合知識指導軍事實踐；二是認知能力強，具有邏輯思維、判斷思維和系統思維能力，能夠運用科學的方法分析推理解決作戰問題；三是人機協同能力，深刻把握智能作戰的特點和規律，熟練運用作戰平台、指揮控制系統、決策支持系統，駕馭多樣化智能武器。具有敏銳的科技觸覺和極強的創造力，能夠把握科技前沿，創新作戰方式，把握戰爭發展規律；五是自我成長能力，能夠準確認識自己，合理規劃軍旅生涯，自由運用信息手段獲取新知識、新技術、新方法，不斷完善知識結構，增強認知能力，更好地適應複雜多變的軍事革命發展。

找准軍隊高等教育改革重點

當前，信息化與智能化的疊加，給軍隊院校的人才培養工作帶來了更大的複雜性。既要滿足信息化作戰的實際需要，又要為適應智能化作戰打下基礎。重點抓好以下工作。

重構課程體系。課程體系支撐人才知識結構的形成。為培養適應智能化作戰需求的軍事人才，實現軍事專業、科學文化的培養目標，必須打破以單一專業為背景設計課程體系的做法，建立課程體系 “通識教育+方向”。通識教育課程在現有自然科學和公共課程的基礎上，增加數理邏輯、數學建模、批判性思維、網絡基礎、人工智能、認知神經科學、系統工程等課程，建立跨領域、跨學科的課程課程體系，拓展學生知識面，構建智能化戰爭急需的知識結構，為學生終身成長奠定廣闊的知識基礎。定向課程是確立學科專業方向，建立數學科學、專業基礎、專業崗位垂直課程體系，構建紮實的專業背景，培養學生運用專業理論解決複雜實戰訓練問題的能力。 “通識教育+迎新”課程體系構建“T”型知識結構，滿足軍隊人才適應多樣化、智能化戰爭的需求。

Deepen classroom reform. Educational neuroscience believes that education is the reshaping of students’ brains, and the classroom is the main position for reshaping students’ neural networks, especially for the formation of high-level cognitive abilities required for intelligent warfare. Continuously deepening classroom reform is the key to military Critical tasks for higher education today. It should be seen that a classroom with only knowledge and understanding is far from a good classroom. All human behaviors, though

ts and emotions are all controlled by the brain, and every knowledge, thought and emotion corresponds to a specific neural network of the brain. Therefore, classroom reform should center on students’ learning, follow the cognitive laws of the human brain, and Attract and maintain attention as the starting point, establish a scientific thinking framework, and mobilize students to think proactively. Usually, teaching methods aimed at higher-level abilities have a general model—problem-driven heuristic teaching, and the commonly used problem-based teaching methods, project-based teaching methods, and inquiry-based teaching methods all belong to this model. Therefore, the main path to promote classroom reform is to develop unknown, novel, and interesting questions and stories for students, design a thinking framework that points to logical reasoning, critical thinking, reflection, creativity, and learning ability, and inspire students under the guidance of the framework. Active thinking, supplemented by the output process of speaking and writing, finally achieves the goal of internalizing knowledge understanding and forming high-level abilities.

Promote comprehensive education. Modern educational theory not only regards the classroom as an important position of education, but also regards all time and space outside the classroom as an important resource for cultivating students. The time and space outside the classroom not only support classroom teaching and promote the formation of knowledge and ability, but also an important place to cultivate non-intellectual ability. Colleges and universities should make full use of these time and space, clarify specific training objectives, focus on going deep into the army, close to actual combat, highlighting practicality and creativity, and scientifically design education and training programs. Focus on giving full play to the advantages of military academies in management and education, explore the establishment of a student management model, and promote the cultivation of students’ leadership and management capabilities; continue to enrich the second classroom, build an innovative platform, create more opportunities for independent practice, and improve students’ innovation capabilities; make full use of various Large-scale activities to cultivate students’ competition awareness and teamwork ability; strengthen the construction of management cadres, improve scientific management and training capabilities, and effectively guide students to carry out time management, goal management, emotional management, psychological adjustment, habit formation, etc., to help students improve self-management and self-learning ability.

All in all, education is a systematic project. The above are only three aspects to break through the shortcomings of talent training in the era of intelligence. To truly solve the problem, military academies need to carry out systematic reforms, such as strategic planning, quality management, personnel quality, teaching conditions, etc. All aspects can effectively support the achievement of the goal of personnel training, and this requires us to continuously explore and innovate, continuously improve the level of running schools and educating people, and strive to create a new situation in the construction and development of military academies.

深化課堂改革。教育神經科學認為，教育是對學生大腦的重塑，而課堂是重塑學生神經網絡的主要陣地，尤其是智能戰爭所需的高級認知能力的形成。不斷深化課堂改革是當今軍事高等教育的關鍵任務。應該看到，只有知識和理解力的課堂，遠談不上好課堂。所有的人類行為，雖然

和情緒都是由大腦控制的，每一種知識、思想和情緒都對應著大腦特定的神經網絡。因此，課堂改革應以學生的學習為中心，遵循人腦的認知規律，以吸引和保持注意力為出發點，建立科學的思維框架，調動學生主動思考。通常，針對更高層次能力的教學方法有一個通用的模式——問題驅動啟發式教學，常用的問題導向教學法、項目導向教學法、探究式教學法都屬於這種模式。因此，推動課堂改革的主要路徑是為學生開發未知的、新穎的、有趣的問題和故事，設計指向邏輯推理、批判性思維、反思、創造力和學習能力的思維框架，激發學生在框架的指導。思維活躍，輔之以說、寫的輸出過程，最終達到知識理解內化，形成高層次能力的目的。

推進綜合教育。現代教育理論不僅把課堂視為教育的重要陣地，而且把課堂以外的一切時間和空間都視為培養學生的重要資源。課堂外的時間和空間不僅支持課堂教學，促進知識和能力的形成，也是培養非智力能力的重要場所。高校要充分利用這些時間和空間，明確具體培養目標，著眼於深入軍隊、貼近實戰、突出實踐性和創造性，科學設計教育培養方案。著力發揮軍隊院校管理教育優勢，探索建立學生管理模式，促進學生領導力和管理能力培養；繼續豐富第二課堂，搭建創新平台，創造更多自主實踐機會，提升學生創新能力；充分利用各種大型活動，培養學生的競爭意識和團隊協作能力；加強管理幹部隊伍建設，提高科學管理和培養能力，有效引導學生進行時間管理、目標管理、情緒管理、心理調適、習慣養成等，幫助學生提高自我管理和自主學習能力能力。

總而言之，教育是一項系統工程。以上只是要突破智能時代人才培養短板的三個方面。要真正解決問題，軍隊院校需要進行系統性的改革，如戰略規劃、質量管理、人才素質、教學條件等，方方面面都能有效支撐人才培養目標的實現，這就需要我們不斷探索創新，不斷提高辦學育人水平，努力開創軍隊院校建設發展新局面。

Source: PLA Military

http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/gfjy_index/jsyxgfs/000000.html?big=fan

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Infratsructure, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀

中國軍方看智能戰制勝機制的演變

03/21/2023 admin Leave a comment

Chinese Military Perspective on the Evolution of the Winning Mechanisms of Intelligent Warfare

Military theorists have often said that victory tends to smile to those who can foresee changes in the character of warfare, rather than to those who wait for changes to occur before adapting. In recent years, disruptive technologies represented by artificial intelligence have developed rapidly and are widely used in the military field, accelerating the evolution of warfare to intelligence, and correspondingly, the concept of warfare is also undergoing changes. Only by discovering changes in time, actively responding to changes, and actively adapting to changes can we be invincible in future wars.

From “fighting the weak with the strong” to “controlling the clumsy with wisdom”

“The strong win the weak and the weak lose” is a law of victory in war with certain universality. Even those battles in which the weak defeated the strong often had to form a strength advantage against the enemy at a local and specific period of time in order to truly win. In the era of intelligent warfare, the contribution rate of intelligence superiority to combat effectiveness is much higher than that of other factors.

In the confrontation of intelligent warfare, human intelligence widely penetrates into the combat field and is transplanted into weapon systems. Global multi-dimensional and various types of intelligent combat platforms can quickly couple combat forces, build a combat system according to mission requirements, and independently implement coordinated operations. After the end, it quickly returned to the standby state, showing the trend of intelligence and autonomy. The side with a higher and stronger level of intelligence can better develop and use the mechanism of “controlling stupidity with wisdom”, and even design wars based on this, dominate the development of the battle situation, and win the final victory. It should also be noted that in the era of intelligent warfare, there are likely to be multiple stages of development from low to high. Try to keep yourself at an advanced stage, and attack your opponent so that it is at a low-dimensional stage. use.

From “destroying power” to “destroying cognition”

With the accelerated evolution of warfare to intelligence, the combat space has gradually expanded from the physical domain and the information domain to the cognitive domain, from the tangible battlefield to the invisible battlefield. The cognitive space composed of people’s spiritual and psychological activities has become a new combat space. Different from the main purpose of destroying the enemy’s vital forces in traditional warfare, intelligent warfare will pay more attention to weakening the enemy’s morale, disintegrating the enemy’s will, and destroying the enemy’s cognition.

Through the intelligent analysis of the opponent’s personality preferences, psychological characteristics, and decision-making habits, deterrent information can be “tailored” in a targeted manner, and the advantages of cutting-edge technologies such as intelligence can be used to show the opponent’s powerful strength in a vivid way, so that anxiety, suspicion, etc. , panic and other emotions continue to ferment inside it, which eventually leads to its self-defeating. Known as the “new oil”, big data not only enriches intelligence sources, but also becomes an important “weapon” that acts on the opponent’s cognition. By processing big data and deliberately “leaking” it to the opponent, it will create a new “fog of war” for it, and make it fall into a situation of cognitive confusion. In an intelligent war, the game of struggle will be more intense, and the party with a cognitive advantage will be ahead of the opponent, and it will be easier to grasp the initiative and opportunities.

From “people-oriented” to “human-machine collaboration”

In traditional warfare, the organization and use of military power are dominated by people. With the widespread application of intelligent technology, the proportion of unmanned equipment continues to increase. In intelligent warfare, combat tasks will be completed by man-machine collaboration, and the two will achieve organic integration and complement each other’s advantages. The third “offset strategy” proposed by the foreign military regards human-machine cooperation as a key technology for key development, and its successively proposed concepts such as “loyal wingman” are also aimed at exploring the realization of manned/unmanned coordinated operations. It is foreseeable that human-machine collaboration will play an important role in future warfare.

Using unmanned reconnaissance forces to carry out three-dimensional and multi-dimensional battlefield situational awareness can provide real-time intelligence support for manned combat forces; use unmanned platforms to carry relay loads to continuously provide communication relay support for manned combat forces; use

Modern Military Mandarin Chinese:

軍事理論家常說，勝利往往會向那些能夠預見戰爭性質變化的人微笑，而不是向那些等待變化發生再適應的人微笑。近年來，以人工智能為代表的顛覆性技術發展迅速，廣泛應用於軍事領域，加速戰爭向智能化演進，相應地，戰爭理念也在發生變化。只有及時發現變化，積極應對變化，積極適應變化，才能在未來的戰爭中立於不敗之地。

從“以強抗弱”到“以智治拙”

“強勝弱勝”是戰爭的製勝法則，具有一定的普遍性。即便是那些以弱勝強的戰鬥，往往也需要在局部的、特定的時間段對敵形成實力優勢，才能真正取勝。在智能化戰爭時代，情報優勢對戰鬥力的貢獻率遠高於其他因素。

在智能戰爭的對抗中，人類智能廣泛滲透到作戰領域，並被移植到武器系統中。全球多維度、多類型智能作戰平台，可快速耦合作戰力量，按任務需求構建作戰體系，獨立實施協同作戰。結束後迅速回到待機狀態，呈現出智能化、自主化的趨勢。智力水平更高更強的一方，才能更好地開發和運用“以智治愚”機制，甚至以此為基礎設計戰爭，主導戰局發展，取得最終勝利。還需要看到的是，在智能化戰爭時代，很可能存在從低到高的多個發展階段。盡量讓自己保持在高級階段，攻擊對手使其處於低維階段。使用。

從“毀滅權力”到“毀滅認知”

隨著戰爭向智能化加速演進，作戰空間逐漸從物理域、信息域擴展到認知域，從有形戰場擴展到無形戰場。由人的精神心理活動構成的認知空間成為新的作戰空間。與傳統戰爭以消滅敵人有生力量為主要目的不同，智能化戰爭將更加註重削弱敵人的士氣、瓦解敵人的意志、摧毀敵人的認知。

通過對對手的性格偏好、心理特徵、決策習慣等進行智能分析，有針對性地“量身定做”威懾信息，利用情報等前沿技術的優勢，展現對手的強大實力以生動的方式表現力量，使焦慮、懷疑等、恐慌等情緒在其內部不斷發酵，最終導致其弄巧成拙。被譽為“新石油”的大數據不僅豐富了情報來源，更成為作用於對手認知的重要“武器”。通過處理大數據，故意“洩露”給對手，為其製造新的“戰爭迷霧”，使其陷入認知混亂的境地。在智慧戰爭中，博弈博弈會更加激烈，擁有認知優勢的一方會先於對手，更容易掌握主動權和先機。

從“以人為本”到“人機協作”

在傳統戰爭中，軍事力量的組織和運用都是由人主導的。隨著智能化技術的廣泛應用，無人化裝備比例不斷提高。在智能戰爭中，作戰任務將由人機協同完成，兩者將實現有機結合，優勢互補。外軍提出的第三次“抵消戰略”將人機協作作為重點發展的關鍵技術，其先後提出的“忠誠僚機”等概念也旨在探索實現有人/無人協同作戰。可以預見，人機協作將在未來戰爭中發揮重要作用。

利用無人偵察力量進行三維、多維戰場態勢感知，可為有人作戰力量提供實時情報支持；利用無人平台搭載中繼載荷，持續為有人作戰部隊提供通信中繼保障；使用

unmanned combat forces to go deep into the front battlefield, It can attract the enemy to attack, force the enemy to expose its position, and provide target guidance and fire support for manned combat forces; use unmanned transport equipment to provide supplies for the front line, which can improve the efficiency of logistics support, reduce transportation costs, and reduce unnecessary casualties. With the assistance of artificial intelligence, manned combat forces and unmanned combat forces will realize scientific division of labor and reasonable collocation in terms of quantity, scale and function, so as to maximize the overall effectiveness.

From “eat the small with the big” to “eat the slow with the fast”

In traditional warfare, it is often necessary to make up for shortcomings in equipment performance and other aspects by increasing the number of troops. The rapid development of military intelligence has greatly improved the speed of information transmission and the accuracy of weapon strikes, greatly reduced the time for reconnaissance and early warning, intelligence processing, command decision-making, firepower strikes, and damage assessment, and accelerated the OODA kill chain cycle. , making “find and destroy” possible.

Hypersonic missiles, laser weapons, microwave weapons, electromagnetic pulse weapons and other new rapid-kill weapons have further pushed the rhythm of war to “second kill”. In the Gulf War, the loop time of the OODA loop required 3 days; in the Iraq War, the loop time has been shortened to less than 10 minutes; and in the Syrian War, the loop has almost achieved near real-time. In intelligent warfare, the use of an unmanned platform for surveillance and attack to quickly target high-value targets such as the enemy’s core command post and high-level commanders will cause the opponent to suffer heavy losses before they can react, and even face the danger of paralysis. It can be seen that victory does not necessarily favor the side with a large military force, and the side that moves quickly and accurately will be more likely to win the battlefield. According to statistics, the reaction time required by artificial intelligence to respond to changes in the battlefield is more than 400 times faster than that of humans. In the face of the rapidly changing battlefield situation, people will be more inclined to use artificial intelligence technology to realize the adaptive planning and autonomous decision-making of the command and control system, so that the command and control mode will be changed from “people on the loop” to “people outside the loop”, so as to reduce the While shouldering the burden of commanding personnel, it can improve combat efficiency and the success rate of mission execution.

From “Integrated Winning” to “Cluster Winning”

The traditional concept of equipment development is to invest a lot of money in the research and development of highly integrated high-precision weapon platforms, in order to achieve dimensionality reduction strikes on the enemy by virtue of intergenerational advantages and performance advantages in war. However, developing and deploying a multi-functional high-end platform not only takes a lot of time and money, but when multiple software and hardware modules are integrated into a single weapon platform, there may be incompatibility among them. Once the platform is destroyed, it will cause heavy losses. The military application of disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence has led to the rapid development of unmanned swarms. Unmanned swarms have the advantages of large scale, low comprehensive cost, and decentralization. Unmanned platforms coordinate with each other, divide labor and cooperate, and can make independent decisions and carry out combat tasks in an organized manner. Even if some unmanned platforms are destroyed, it will not affect the overall operation. efficacy. Combat concepts such as “decision-making center warfare” and “mosaic warfare” proposed by foreign militaries focus on the use of unmanned swarms to complete combat tasks. In intelligent warfare, by dispersing functions such as reconnaissance and surveillance, information communication, command and control, and fire strikes into a large number of single-function unmanned combat units, a highly robust and highly elastic “kill net” is constructed, and then Adjusting the combination method will make it emerge a powerful group intelligence, creating great uncertainty for the opponent, and then trap the opponent in the judgment link of the OODA loop, unable to make effective decisions. In addition, due to the large number of unmanned swarms, the opponent’s detection, tracking, and interception capabilities can be quickly saturated, and the opponent has to face the dilemma of fortification failure because it cannot destroy all unmanned platforms in the swarm.

From “Military Dominance” to “Multiple Mixture”

Traditional warfare mainly relies on violent means to make the enemy submit to one’s own will, and usually has a strong war intensity, with clear boundaries between peacetime and wartime. With the continuous expansion of the field of military struggle to new fields such as space, network, and intelligence, and the increasingly prominent role of economic, cultural, diplomatic, and legal means in warfare, intelligent warfare will be carried out in many fields represented by the “grey zone”. Developed in the form of “multi-pronged approach”. The intensity of war may be weakened, and the boundary between peace and war will become more blurred. Whether in 2019, half of Saudi Arabia’s oil fields were attacked by drones and half of its oil production was shut down, or in 2021, the largest oil pipeline in the United States was hit by cyber attacks and caused a large-scale oil shortage. The far-reaching impact of various new attack methods cannot be ignored underestimate.

無人作戰部隊深入前線戰場，可以吸引敵人進攻，迫使敵人暴露位置，為有人作戰部隊提供目標引導和火力支援；使用無人運輸設備為前線提供補給，可以提高後勤保障效率，降低運輸成本，減少不必要的人員傷亡。在人工智能的輔助下，有人作戰力量和無人作戰力量將在數量、規模和功能上實現科學分工和合理搭配，實現整體效能最大化。

從“大吃小”到“快吃慢”

在傳統戰爭中，往往需要通過增加兵力數量來彌補裝備性能等方面的短板。軍事情報的快速發展極大地提高了信息傳輸速度和武器打擊的準確性，大大縮短了偵察預警、情報處理、指揮決策、火力打擊、毀傷評估的時間，加速了OODA 殺傷鏈循環。，使“發現並摧毀”成為可能。

高超音速導彈、激光武器、微波武器、電磁脈衝武器等新型速殺武器進一步將戰爭節奏推向“秒殺”。在海灣戰爭中，OODA循環的循環時間需要3天；在伊拉克戰爭中，循環時間縮短到不到10分鐘；而在敘利亞戰爭中，環路幾乎做到了近乎實時。在智能化戰爭中，利用無人監視攻擊平台快速瞄準敵方核心指揮所、高級指揮員等高價值目標，使對方來不及反應就損失慘重，甚至面臨癱瘓的危險。由此可見，勝利並不一定偏向兵力多的一方，行動迅速準確的一方更容易贏得戰場。據統計，人工智能應對戰場變化所需的反應時間比人類快400多倍。面對瞬息萬變的戰場態勢，人們將更傾向於利用人工智能技術實現指揮控制系統的自適應規劃和自主決策，使指揮控制模式從“人”轉變為“人”。環上”轉變為“環外人”，從而在減輕指揮人員負擔的同時，提高作戰效率和任務執行的成功率。

從“綜合製勝”到“集群制勝”

傳統的裝備研製理念是投入大量資金研發高度集成的高精度武器平台，以期憑藉代際優勢和戰爭性能優勢實現對敵降維打擊。然而，開發和部署一個多功能的高端平台不僅需要花費大量的時間和金錢，而且當多個軟硬件模塊集成到一個武器平台時，它們之間可能會出現不兼容的情況。一旦平台被破壞，將造成重大損失。人工智能等顛覆性技術的軍事應用，催生了無人蜂群的快速發展。無人蜂群具有規模大、綜合成本低、分散化等優點。無人平台相互協調、分工協作，能夠自主決策、有組織地執行作戰任務。即使部分無人平台被毀，也不會影響整體運作。功效。外軍提出的“決策中心戰”、“馬賽克戰”等作戰概念，著眼於利用無人蜂群完成作戰任務。在智能化戰爭中，通過將偵察監視、信息通信、指揮控制、火力打擊等功能分散到大量功能單一的無人作戰單元中，構建高魯棒性、高彈性的“殺傷網”，進而調整組合方式會使其湧現出強大的群體智能，給對手製造很大的不確定性，進而將對手困在OODA循環的判斷環節，無法做出有效的決策。此外，由於無人蜂群數量眾多，對方的探測、跟踪、攔截能力會很快飽和，對方不得不面臨無法摧毀蜂群中所有無人平台的設防失敗的困境。

從“軍事獨霸”到“多元混合”

傳統戰爭主要依靠暴力手段使敵人屈服於自己的意志，通常具有強烈的戰爭強度，和平與戰時界限分明。隨著軍事鬥爭領域不斷向太空、網絡、情報等新領域拓展，經濟、文化、外交、法律等手段在戰爭中的作用日益凸顯，智能化戰爭將在眾多領域展開由“灰色地帶”。以“多管齊下”的形式開展。戰爭的激烈程度可能會減弱，和平與戰爭的界限將變得更加模糊。無論是2019年，沙特半數油田遭到無人機襲擊、一半石油生產停產，還是2021年，美國最大的輸油管道遭到網絡攻擊，造成大規模石油短缺。各種新型攻擊手段的深遠影響不容忽視低估。

With the development and maturity of intelligent technology, the comprehensive use of various means to attack opponents’ industrial, transportation, financial, communication, energy, medical and other facilities and networks will become more common. The threshold of intelligent warfare will show a downward trend, and the warring parties may adopt the method of undeclared war to launch a hybrid war that integrates economic warfare, diplomatic warfare, cyber warfare, public opinion warfare, psychological warfare, legal warfare, etc., so that the opponent is exhausted. Handle.

From “actual combat inspection” to “experimental exercise”

Under traditional conditions, due to the lack of scientific simulation and evaluation tools, the true capabilities of the army can only be tested in actual combat. Under intelligent conditions, using virtual reality technology can create a virtual scene with a strong sense of three-dimensional and realism based on the actual battlefield environment and task background. This scene can not only restore objective things such as weapons and equipment from multiple dimensions such as sound, appearance, and performance, but also simulate various severe weather such as heavy fog, heavy rain, and snowstorm, and display the terrain, meteorology, hydrology, etc. of the battlefield in a visualized form. Electromagnetic, nuclear and other information, close to the real situation of the battlefield.

Set the imaginary enemy in the virtual environment according to the characteristics of the enemy in reality, and carry out intelligent simulation of the possible trend of the battle situation, so that officers and soldiers can “experience” the war in virtual reality several times before the official war, so as to improve the equipment performance, The rhythm of the war and the situation of the enemy and the enemy are all clear, and it will be easier to perform realistic tasks. Before the outbreak of the Iraq War, the U.S. military secretly developed a computer game that simulated the combat environment in Baghdad. Among the personnel dispatched to Iraq to perform missions, the survival rate of those trained in the game was as high as 90%. With the continuous enrichment and improvement of data collected in reality, the construction of virtual battlefields will be more realistic, the prediction of the battlefield situation will be more accurate, and the comprehensive evaluation of exercises will be more credible. If the outcome of the war is known in advance, there may be a situation where “surrender the enemy” without a fight or a small fight.

隨著智能技術的發展和成熟，綜合運用各種手段攻擊對手的工業、交通、金融、通信、能源、醫療等設施和網絡將變得更加普遍。智能戰的門檻將呈下降趨勢，交戰各方可能會採取不宣戰的方式，發動集經濟戰、外交戰、網絡戰、輿論戰、心理戰、法律戰等為一體的混合戰爭。，使對手筋疲力盡。處理。

從“實戰考察”到“實驗演練”

在傳統條件下，由於缺乏科學的模擬和評估工具，軍隊的真實能力只能在實戰中檢驗。在智能化條件下，利用虛擬現實技術，可以根據實際戰場環境和任務背景，營造立體感強、真實感強的虛擬場景。該場景不僅可以從聲音、外觀、性能等多個維度還原武器裝備等客觀事物，還可以模擬大霧、暴雨、暴風雪等各種惡劣天氣，展示地形、氣象、水文等等戰場的可視化形式。電磁、核等信息，貼近戰場真實情況。

根據現實中敵人的特點，在虛擬環境中設置假想敵，對可能的戰局走向進行智能模擬，讓官兵在臨戰前數次在虛擬現實中“體驗”戰爭正式戰爭，從而提升裝備性能，戰爭的節奏和敵我雙方的情況都一目了然，更容易執行逼真的任務。伊拉克戰爭爆發前，美軍秘密研發了一款模擬巴格達作戰環境的電腦遊戲。在派往伊拉克執行任務的人員中，在遊戲中受訓人員的存活率高達90%。隨著現實採集數據的不斷豐富和完善，虛擬戰場的構建將更加真實，戰場態勢的預測將更加準確，演習的綜合評價將更加可信。如果事先知道戰爭的結果，可能會出現不戰不戰、不戰不戰“投敵”的情況。

Source: http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/XXXX

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Infratsructure, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀

中國軍隊著力推進機械化、信息化、智能化融合發展

03/21/2023 admin Leave a comment

Chinese Military to focus on the integration and development of mechanization, informationization and intelligence

Adhere to the integration and development of mechanization, informationization and intelligence

——Conscientiously study, publicize and implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

■Chinese People’s Liberation Army Unit 66011

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that we should adhere to the integrated development of mechanization, informationization and intelligence. This important exposition endows the modernization of national defense and the armed forces with new connotations of the times, and further points out the development direction and path for accelerating the modernization of national defense and the armed forces. We must seize the opportunity, based on the status quo, insist on promoting the integrated development of mechanization, informationization and intelligence with systematic thinking, coordinate the development of various fields, especially key areas, realize the positive interaction of the three, and promote the overall improvement of national defense and military modernization.

Engels pointed out: “Human beings fight in the same way as they produce.” At present, the new military revolution in the world is developing rapidly, the degree of informatization in modern warfare is constantly improving, and the characteristics of intelligence are becoming increasingly apparent. Especially under the influence of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, the concepts, elements and methods of winning war are undergoing major changes. Judging from the recent local wars and armed conflicts in the world, a large number of high-tech weapons and equipment have been used in actual combat, and intelligent technology, unmanned equipment, and data information have become new growth points for combat effectiveness. In the face of increasingly fierce military competition, only by standing at the forefront of war and technology, and adhering to the integration of mechanization, information, and intelligence, can we seize the opportunity and win the initiative in military strategic competition.

“Everything must come, and it is a matter of course.” Mechanization, informatization, and intelligence are superimposed, interpenetrated, and mutually supported. Among them, mechanization is the material basis and carrier for the development of informatization and intelligence; informatization plays a connecting role between mechanization and intelligence; intelligence represents advanced combat effectiveness and is the development direction of future military construction. Without the previous “transformation” as the premise and foundation, there would be no emergence and development of the latter “transformation”.

Adhering to the integration and development of mechanization, informationization and intelligence is in line with the reality of our military construction and development, and is the only way for the modernization of national defense and the military in the future. Our army has basically achieved mechanization, and the construction of informatization has made significant progress but has not yet been completed. If the intelligentization is carried out after completing the informatization step by step, it will open up a new generation gap with the armed forces of developed countries; if the construction focus is fully shifted to intelligentization, it is unrealistic to expect to be in place in one step.

Science and technology are the core combat capability and the most active and revolutionary factor in military development. The key to adhering to the integrated development of mechanization, informationization and intelligence lies in promoting technological innovation. We should vigorously implement the strategy of strengthening the army through science and technology, actively promote self-reliance and self-improvement in high-level science and technology, accelerate the breakthrough of key core technologies, accelerate the development of strategic, cutting-edge, and disruptive technologies, and realize the transformation from following and running to leading and running as soon as possible. Persist in seeking combat effectiveness from scientific and technological innovation, improve scientific and technological cognition, innovation, and application capabilities, speed up the resolution of “stuck neck” problems, and firmly grasp the lifeline of our army’s development in our own hands.

Wars change with the times, and preparations for wars should not be conservative or rigid. To promote war preparations in the new era, we must focus on winning the new requirements of information-based and intelligent warfare. The construction of our army’s combat effectiveness has accelerated transformation, overall reshaping, and leapfrog development to ensure that it can attack and defend freely and win opportunities in future wars.

(Author unit: Unit 66011)

Original Mandarin Chinese:

堅持機械化、信息化、智能化融合發展

——認真學習宣傳貫徹黨的二十大精神

■ 中國人民解放軍66011部隊

黨的二十大報告強調，要堅持機械化、信息化、智能化融合發展。這一重要論述賦予了國防和軍隊現代化建設新的時代內涵，進一步為加快推進國防和軍隊現代化建設指明了發展方向和路徑。我們要抓住機遇，立足現狀，堅持以系統思維推進機械化、信息化、智能化融合發展，統籌各領域特別是重點領域發展，實現三者良性互動，促進國防和軍隊現代化建設全面加強。

恩格斯指出：“人類以生產的方式進行鬥爭”。當前，世界新軍事革命快速發展，現代戰爭信息化程度不斷提高，智能化特徵日益明顯。特別是在新一輪科技革命的影響下，打贏戰爭的觀念、要素和方式正在發生重大變化。從近期全球發生的局部戰爭和武裝衝突來看，大量高科技武器裝備投入實戰，智能技術、無人裝備、數據信息等成為戰鬥力新的增長點。面對日益激烈的軍事競爭，只有站在戰爭和科技的前沿，堅持機械化、信息化、智能化融合，才能搶占先機，贏得軍事戰略競爭的主動權。

“凡事必來，順理成章。” 機械化、信息化、智能化相互疊加、相互滲透、相互支撐。其中，機械化是信息化、智能化發展的物質基礎和載體；信息化在機械化和智能化之間起著承上啟下的作用；智能化代表著先進的戰鬥力，是未來軍隊建設的發展方向。沒有前一個“轉化”作為前提和基礎，就沒有後一個“轉化”的產生和發展。

堅持機械化、信息化、智能化融合發展，符合我軍建設發展實際，是未來國防和軍隊現代化建設的必由之路。我軍基本實現機械化，信息化建設取得重大進展但尚未完成。如果在逐步完成信息化後進行智能化，將與發達國家軍隊拉開新的代溝；如果建設重心全面轉向智能化，指望一步到位是不現實的。

科技是核心作戰能力，是軍隊發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。堅持機械化、信息化、智能化融合發展，關鍵在於推進科技創新。大力實施科技強軍戰略，積極推進高水平科技自立自強，加快突破關鍵核心技術，加快發展戰略性、前沿性、和顛覆性技術，盡快實現從跟隨跑向引領跑的轉變。堅持從科技創新中求戰鬥力，提昇科技認知、創新和應用能力，加快化解“卡脖子”問題，把我軍發展的生命線牢牢掌握在自己手中。

戰爭隨著時代的變化而變化，戰爭準備不能保守僵化。推進新時代備戰，必須圍繞打贏信息化、智能化戰爭新要求。我軍戰鬥力建設加快轉型、全面重塑、跨越發展，確保攻守自如，在未來戰爭中贏得先機。

（作者單位：66011部隊）

Source: http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4926673.html

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Infratsructure, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Strategic Support Forces

中國軍隊將切實打好信息化和網絡戰的堅實基礎丨軍事論壇
來源：解放軍日報

03/18/2023 admin Leave a comment

Chinese Military Will Effectively Create a Solid Foundation for informatization & cyberwarfare丨 Military Forum
Source: PLA Daily

黨的二十大報告強調，堅持機械化信息化智能化融合發展。從機械化、信息化和智能化之間的關系看，機械化是信息化的基礎，智能化是信息化的升華。沒有機械化就沒有信息化，沒有充分的信息化，智能化也不可能取得重大突破。當前，大力推進軍事智能化，首先必須切實打牢信息化建設基礎，著力提升部隊信息化水平。

夯實物質基礎。巧婦難為無米之炊。為縮短與強敵的“體系差”，信息化建設應緊貼使命任務，緊跟前沿科技，搞好頂層設計，平戰一體推進。首先，升級完善各類信息系統。要以指控中心建設為重點，以信息基礎設施為平台，統籌抓好分系統建設和諸系統聯動建設，全要素、成體系推進指揮控制等領域建設，實現各分域信息網絡一體化、指揮控制實時化。其次，建好用好作戰數據庫。按照“平戰一體、統籌規劃、分類實施”的原則，建好作戰綜合數據庫，實現信息共享、數據支撐、輔助決策，以“信息流”支撐“指揮鏈”。再次，預置備份機動指揮所。積極借鑑外軍有益做法，大力加強人防工程，形成多點布局、動靜互補、快速配置的機動指揮能力。

建強力量隊伍。打贏具有智能化特征的信息化局部戰爭，建強信息力量隊伍是重要保證。綜合來看，應著力培養四類人才：一是信息指揮人才。一線中高級指揮員，應該像研究用兵一樣研究信息與數據，像研究戰役突破口一樣研究信息系統的構建，像研究彈藥性能一樣研究電磁頻譜的使用。二是信息作戰人才。培養一批勝任信息化作戰的智能參謀、作戰規劃、認知作戰等人才。三是信息保障人才。以信息保障部門和信息保障運維專業技術分隊人員為主要對象，持續加大專業培訓力度，提高網絡管理、系統使用、檢測維修等能力。四是信息研發人才。采取請進來、走出去等方式，放手壓擔子、交任務，培養一批具有較強系統研發能力的專家型技術人才，建立信息化高端人才流動站，形成“不為我有、但為我用”的良性循環。

變革指揮理念。現代戰爭拼的是體系，聯合作戰指揮是其中關鍵一環。為應對現實威脅挑戰，需確立與未來戰爭相適應的新型指揮觀。一是樹牢一體化指揮觀。克服狹隘的單一軍兵種指揮觀，全面協調陸、海、空、天、電、網等多維戰場行動，綜合集成各種作戰要素，切實提升整體制勝、聯合制勝的作戰效能。二是樹牢數字化指揮觀。由粗放式向精確化指揮轉變，將任務區分、力量使用、時空劃分、目標確定等具體化精細化，將聯合作戰力量的指揮程序、指揮方法、指揮內容等流程化標准化，將偵察情報、武器平台、指揮控制等網絡化實時化，縮短指揮流程，提高指揮時效。三是樹牢智能化指揮觀。積極探索人工智能技術成體系應用，加快智能決策、數字孿生、大數據、雲計算等新型技術開發運用，提升戰場復雜信息處理水平，實現指揮員在智能雲腦支撐下對作戰分隊及各類武器平台的任務式指揮。

推進創新實踐。為適應科技之變、戰爭之變、對手之變，應加快構建打贏信息化戰爭的“三個體系”。首先是創新戰法體系。深入研討強敵對手全方位信息打擊和火力硬摧毀的情況下，防敵信息攻擊、抗敵信息干擾、對敵信息反擊的真招實策，努力實現精准制敵。其次是創新訓法體系。圍繞強敵對手和作戰任務，設置信息作戰環境，深度研練指揮協同、戰法運用、體系構建、綜合保障等課題，推動實戰化部署運用。再次是創新管理體系。堅持平戰一體管、虛實結合管，建立以戰領建的需求牽引機制、計劃主導機制、檢驗評估機制，打造自主可控的產業鏈、供給鏈、保障鏈，確保“平時管”“戰時用”無縫銜接，助力信息化作戰能力不斷提升。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that we should adhere to the integrated development of mechanization, informationization and intelligence. From the perspective of the relationship between mechanization, informatization and intelligence, mechanization is the foundation of informatization, and intelligence is the sublimation of informatization. Without mechanization, there will be no informatization, and without sufficient informatization, it is impossible to achieve a major breakthrough in intelligence. At present, to vigorously promote military intelligence, we must first lay a solid foundation for informatization construction, and strive to improve the level of army informatization.

Lay a solid material foundation. Make bricks without straw. In order to shorten the “system gap” with powerful enemies, informatization construction should closely follow missions and tasks, keep up with cutting-edge technology, do a good job in top-level design, and promote peacetime and wartime integration. First, upgrade and improve various information systems. It is necessary to focus on the construction of the command and control center, use the information infrastructure as a platform, coordinate the construction of sub-systems and the linkage construction of various systems, promote the construction of command and control with all elements and a system, and realize the integration of information networks in various sub-domains, command and control real-time. Second, build and use the combat database well. In accordance with the principle of “integration of peacetime and wartime, overall planning, and classified implementation”, a comprehensive operational database will be established to achieve information sharing, data support, and decision-making assistance, and “information flow” to support the “chain of command.” Again, a backup mobile command post is preset. Actively learn from the beneficial practices of foreign militaries, vigorously strengthen civil air defense projects, and form a mobile command capability with multi-point layout, dynamic and static complementarity, and rapid deployment.

Build a strong team. Building a strong information force team is an important guarantee for winning an informationized local war with intelligent features. On the whole, we should focus on cultivating four types of talents: First, information command talents. Front-line mid-level and senior commanders should study information and data like they study soldiers, study the construction of information systems like they study the breakthroughs of battles, and study the use of electromagnetic spectrum like they study the performance of ammunition. The second is information warfare personnel. Cultivate a group of intelligent staff, combat planning, cognitive operations and other talents who are competent in information-based operations. The third is information security personnel. Focusing on the personnel of the information assurance department and the information assurance operation and maintenance professional technical team as the main target, continue to increase professional training efforts to improve network management, system use, inspection and maintenance capabilities. The fourth is information research and development personnel. Take the method of inviting in and going out, let go of the burden and hand over tasks, cultivate a group of expert technical talents with strong system research and development capabilities, establish a mobile station for high-end informatization talents, and form a “not for me, but for me” “A virtuous circle.

Change the concept of command. Modern warfare is all about the system, and joint combat command is a key part of it. In order to cope with the challenges of real threats, it is necessary to establish a new concept of command that is compatible with future warfare. The first is to firmly establish the concept of integrated command. Overcome the narrow command concept of a single service and arms, comprehensively coordinate multi-dimensional battlefield operations such as land, sea, air, space, electricity, and network, comprehensively integrate various combat elements, and effectively improve the combat effectiveness of overall and joint victory. The second is to firmly establish the concept of digital command. Transform from extensive to precise command, specify and refine task division, force use, time-space division, and target determination, standardize the command procedures, command methods, and command content of joint combat forces, and integrate reconnaissance intelligence, weapons Platforms, command and control, etc. are networked and real-time, shortening the command process and improving command timeliness. The third is to firmly establish the concept of intelligent command. Actively explore the systematic application of artificial intelligence technology, accelerate the development and application of new technologies such as intelligent decision-making, digital twins, big data, and cloud computing, improve the level of complex information processing on the battlefield, and enable commanders to control combat units and various weapons with the support of intelligent cloud brains. Platform mission command.

Promote innovative practices. In order to adapt to changes in technology, changes in warfare, and changes in opponents, we should speed up the construction of the “three systems” to win the information war. The first is to innovate the tactical system. In-depth research on the real tactics of defending against enemy information attacks, resisting enemy information interference, and counterattacking enemy information under the circumstances of all-round information strikes and hard fire destruction by powerful enemies, and strive to achieve precise control of the enemy. The second is to innovate the training system. Focusing on powerful enemies and combat missions, set up an information warfare environment, conduct in-depth research on topics such as command coordination, tactical application, system construction, and comprehensive support, and promote actual combat deployment and application. The third is the innovation management system. Adhere to the integration of peacetime and wartime management and the combination of virtual reality and real situation, establish a demand traction mechanism led by war, a plan-led mechanism, and an inspection and evaluation mechanism to create independent and controllable industrial chains, supply chains, and guarantee chains to ensure that “peacetime management” and “wartime management” “Use” seamless connection to help the continuous improvement of informationized combat capabilities.

(Author unit: Central Theater)

Source: http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/0x0x0x0x0

China National Cyber Security Strategy, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀

了解習近平對“軍民融合”的關注

02/25/2021 admin Leave a comment

Understanding Xi Jinping’s focus on “military-civilian integration”

中共中央政治局1月22日召開會議，決定設立中央軍民融合發展委員會，由習近平任主任。中央軍民融合發展委員會是中央層面軍民融合發展重大問題的決策和議事協調機構，統一領導軍民融合深度發展，向中央政治局、中央政治局常務委員會負責。

習主席高度重視經濟建設和國防建設融合發展的問題。這些年，習近平反復在多個場合提到“軍民融合”。2015年3月12日，習近平在出席十二屆全國人大三次會議解放軍代表團全體會議時強調“把軍民融合發展上升為國家戰略”。去年3月25日和10月19日，習近平在出席中共中央政治局會議和在北京參觀第二屆軍民融合發展高技術成果展時，又分別強調軍民融合是“一項利國利軍利民的大戰略”“關乎國家安全和發展全局”。這充分體現了習主席對軍民融合的深謀遠慮和強烈憂患。

當今時代，國防建設和經濟建設的關系更為深刻復雜，特別是技術方面，軍事技術和民用技術兩者的通用性越來越強。從美國的高科技發展史可以看出，從計算機、通信網絡、航空航天、核工業，到先進制造業等各個領域，都和它的軍事工業有聯系。據統計，85%的現代軍事核心技術同時也是民用關鍵技術；80%以上的民用關鍵技術被直接運用于軍事目的。美國前國防部長佩里估計，利用民用高技術開發軍品及擴大采用民品，每年可節省大約300億美元的國防開支，而且還可精減20%以上的采辦人員，同時可以利用國防經濟和軍用技術帶動和促進民用經濟技術發展。他甚至認為，美國軍事變革的重要方面就是把民用技術運用到軍事領域，是一場資源配置方式的根本變革。美國每隔10年左右就推出一個軍民兩用技術發展計劃，依靠這些計劃，美國高新技術產業相繼涌現，始終保持超前于世界其他國家一至兩代的領先地位。俄羅斯一度繼承蘇聯“軍民分離”的國防經濟管理體制，普京上任後對軍事工業實行全面改革，大力推進軍民融合，發展軍民兩用技術，軍民融合式發展取得顯著成效。由此可見，當前走軍民融合式發展路子，已成為符合時代潮流的、世界大多數國家的一致政策取向。

進入21世紀新階段，隨著信息時代的到來，戰爭形態正從機械化戰爭向信息化戰爭轉變。從信息化條件下作戰特點來看，交戰雙方往往會為了實現其戰略企圖，在短時間內聚合戰爭能量對對方施以毀滅性打擊，作戰具有爆發突然、持續時間短、作戰節奏快的特點，更加強調初戰決勝。在此背景下，戰爭潛力向戰爭實力的轉換能力、平時向戰時的轉換能力更加重要。從我軍的實際情況看，目前仍處于機械化、信息化復合發展的特定歷史階段，制約發展的體制性障礙和結構性矛盾還比較多，特別是國防科技自主創新能力較弱，武器裝備與世界水平還有較大的差距。因此，緊緊抓住信息化這一主要矛盾，在一些關鍵項目和環節上實行重點突破，搶佔軍事信息技術的制高點，以局部躍升推動和促進軍隊的現代化整體建設，是我軍現代化發展途徑的科學抉擇。而另一方面的事實是，目前我國許多科技型企業，特別是在IT領域的企業，已經具備相當高的甚至比國防工業中同領域企業更強的實力，信息化技術和產業的領軍大部分在民用高科技企業，而且這種趨勢仍然在發展。這充分說明，抓住國家經濟快速發展與建設現代化軍隊的歷史機遇，走軍民融合式發展之路，建立起高效調動與轉化國家整體力量的國防動員體系，才能做到有備無患、戰則能保，為軍隊始終掌握戰爭主動權提供強大的力量支撐。

當前，軍隊的改革已進入深水區，軍隊與社會經濟系統的融合是否緊密，是否具有高效的國民經濟動員能力，在很大程度上影響著軍隊戰斗力的生成與釋放。我們正逐步走軍民融合式發展的路子，在更廣範圍、更高層次、更深程度上推進軍民融合，逐步形成了在重大基礎設施、海洋、空天、信息等關鍵領域軍民深度融合發展的大格局，建立了軍民融合的武器裝備科研生產體系、軍隊人才培養體系、軍隊保障體系。正是在這個基礎上，以習近平同志為核心的黨中央，繼承我們黨幾十年探索的實踐經驗和寶貴成果，更加明確地把走中國特色軍民融合式發展與實現中華民族偉大復興緊密聯系在一起，深刻指出要進一步做好軍民融合式發展這篇大文章。

習近平高度重視“軍民融合”說明，推動國防建設和經濟建設良性互動，確保在全面建成小康社會進程中實現富國和強軍的統一，是實現強國夢強軍夢的必由之路，對于提高我軍能打仗、打勝仗，有效維護國家主權、安全、發展利益，具有極其重要的現實意義。

同時，也引出了一系列戰略話題︰我國軍民融合深度發展面臨哪些問題？軍民融合深度發展如何才能契合世界各地富國強軍戰略？……

由解放軍報社長征出版社出版的《富國強軍——軍民融合深度發展》，著眼實現強軍目標，圍繞軍民融合深度發展，全面、系統回答了這一系列問題，並重點對軍民融合深度發展的“深”進行了權威解讀。

Modern English Translation:

The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting on January 22 and decided to establish the Central Military-civilian Integration Development Committee, with Xi Jinping as its director. The Central Military-civilian Integration Development Committee is the central-level decision-making and deliberative coordination agency for major issues of military-civilian integration and development. It unifies the leadership of the in-depth development of military-civilian integration and is responsible to the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.

President Xi attaches great importance to the integration and development of economic construction and national defense construction. Over the years, Xi Jinping has repeatedly mentioned “military-civilian integration” on many occasions. On March 12, 2015, when Xi Jinping attended the Plenary Session of the PLA delegation to the Third Session of the Twelfth National People’s Congress, he emphasized that “elevating the development of military-civilian integration to a national strategy”. On March 25 and October 19 last year, when attending the Politburo meeting of the CPC Central Committee and visiting the 2nd Military-civilian Integration and Development High-Tech Achievement Exhibition in Beijing, Xi Jinping emphasized that military-civilian integration is “a benefit for the country, military and people. The “grand strategy” is “related to the overall situation of national security and development.” This fully reflects President Xi’s foresight and strong worries about military-civilian integration.

In today’s era, the relationship between national defense construction and economic construction is more profound and complex. Especially in terms of technology, the versatility of both military technology and civilian technology is becoming stronger. From the history of high-tech development in the United States, it can be seen that various fields from computers, communication networks, aerospace, nuclear industry, to advanced manufacturing are all connected with its military industry. According to statistics, 85% of modern military core technologies are also key civilian technologies; more than 80% of key civilian technologies are directly used for military purposes. Former U.S. Secretary of Defense Perry estimated that the use of civilian high technology to develop military products and expand the adoption of civilian products can save approximately US$30 billion in defense expenditures each year, and it can also reduce procurement personnel by more than 20%, while also taking advantage of defense economy and military use. Technology drives and promotes the development of civil economy and technology. He even believes that an important aspect of the US military revolution is the application of civilian technology to the military field, which is a fundamental change in the way of resource allocation. The United States launches a dual-use technology development plan every 10 years or so. Relying on these plans, high-tech industries in the United States have emerged one after another and have always maintained a leading position one to two generations ahead of other countries in the world. Russia once inherited the Soviet Union’s “separation of military and civilian” national defense economic management system. After taking office, Putin implemented comprehensive reforms of the military industry, vigorously promoted military-civilian integration, and developed dual-use technologies. Military-civilian integrated development has achieved remarkable results. It can be seen from this that the current path of military-civilian integration has become the consistent policy orientation of most countries in the world in line with the trend of the times.

Entering the new stage of the 21st century, with the advent of the information age, the form of warfare is changing from mechanized warfare to information warfare. Judging from the characteristics of operations under informatization conditions, both sides in wars often gather war energy in a short period of time in order to achieve their strategic intentions to inflict a devastating attack on each other. Operations have the characteristics of sudden outbreak, short duration, and fast pace of operations. More emphasis on the first battle and decisive victory. In this context, the ability to transform war potential to war strength and the ability to transform peacetime to wartime is more important. Judging from the actual situation of our military, we are still in a specific historical stage of the combined development of mechanization and informatization. There are still many systemic obstacles and structural contradictions that restrict development. In particular, the ability of independent innovation in national defense science and technology is relatively weak, and weapons and equipment are related to the world. There is still a big gap in level. Therefore, to firmly grasp the main contradiction of informatization, implement key breakthroughs in some key projects and links, seize the commanding heights of military information technology, and promote and promote the modernization of the military as a whole through local jumps are the path to the development of our military’s modernization. Scientific choice. On the other hand, the fact is that many technology-based enterprises in my country, especially those in the IT field, already have quite high or even stronger strengths than those in the same field in the defense industry. Most of the leaders in information technology and industry In civilian high-tech enterprises, and this trend is still developing. This fully shows that only by seizing the historical opportunity of rapid national economic development and building a modern army, taking the road of military-civilian integrated development, and establishing a national defense mobilization system that efficiently mobilizes and transforms the country’s overall strength, can it be prepared and protected by war. Provide strong support for the army to always grasp the initiative in war.

At present, the reform of the military has entered the deep water zone. Whether the military is closely integrated with the socio-economic system and whether it has an efficient national economic mobilization capability has largely affected the generation and release of the military’s combat effectiveness. We are gradually taking the path of military-civilian integrated development, promoting military-civilian integration in a broader, higher-level, and deeper level, and gradually forming a large-scale development of military-civilian integration in key areas such as major infrastructure, ocean, aerospace, and information. It has established a military-civilian integrated weaponry and equipment research and production system, military personnel training system, and military support system. It is on this basis that the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core inherits the practical experience and valuable achievements of our party’s decades of exploration, and more clearly connects the development of military-civilian integration with Chinese characteristics and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. At the same time, it is deeply pointed out that we must further do a good job in the development of military-civilian integration.

Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the “military-civilian integration”. It shows that promoting the benign interaction between national defense construction and economic construction and ensuring the unity of a prosperous country and a strong army in the process of building a well-off society in all respects is the only way to realize the dream of a strong country and a strong army. , Winning battles and effectively safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests are of extremely important practical significance.

At the same time, a series of strategic topics have also been brought up: What are the problems facing my country’s deep development of military-civilian integration? How can the in-depth development of military-civilian integration fit the strategy of prospering countries and strengthening the military around the world? …

The “Enriching the Country and Strengthening the Army-Deep Development of Military-civilian Integration” published by the People’s Liberation Army News Agency’s Long March Press focuses on achieving the goal of strengthening the military, focusing on the in-depth development of military-civilian integration, and comprehensively and systematically answering this series of questions. “Deep” conducted an authoritative interpretation.

軍民融合

軍民融合深度發展面臨哪些問題？軍民融合深度發展如何才能契合世界各地富國強軍戰略？

當前，隨著軍民融合上升為國家戰略，軍民深度融合發展也成為國內外輿論場密切關注的焦點。

由解放軍報社長征出版社出版的《富國強軍——軍民融合深度發展》（以下簡稱《富國強軍》），全面、系統回答了這一系列問題。

此書入選“‘十二五’國家重點圖書出版規劃項目”“慶祝新中國成立65周年主題出版項目”“國家出版基金項目”等重要主題出版項目，是解放軍報社長征出版社和國防大學專家團隊精心打造的“強軍夢系列叢書”之一。作者陳昱澍、李善東先後多次參與國家和軍隊重點科研課題，榮獲多項國家和軍隊獎項，發表的數十篇前沿軍事理論論文大多引起廣泛關注。此書將他倆一系列研究成果精華融會貫通，一經推出，就引起積極反響。

《富國強軍》，從全新視角，客觀分析了新形勢下軍民融合式發展的時代價值；系統闡述了軍民深度融合發展在實現中國夢、強軍夢中的戰略地位；全面論述了在新的歷史條下軍民深度融合的新特點、新趨勢，描述了我國軍民融合發展的成效和現狀；探索提出了推進軍民深度融合發展的途徑和方法。其中，重點對軍民融合深度發展的“深”進行了權威解讀——

深在軍民一體推進。軍民融合發展則國家興盛。本書明確提出，一體推進，是軍民融合式發展的總體思路。其實質就是將傳統的軍民分割形成的社會總資源轉換成軍民雙向互動的高效資源，實現國防建設和經濟建設資源的最優配置，最大限度地提升國家的綜合國力，進而實現富國和強軍的統一。

深在鑄造利劍。建立軍民融合式武器裝備科研生產體系是大勢所趨。本書明確提出，深化武器裝備科研生產軍民融合發展，應堅持市場化導向，著眼形成“開放、競爭、共享”的發展格局，通過關鍵領域、關鍵環節的改革強固武器裝備科研生產軍民融合式市場基礎，努力將武器裝備建設深深根植于國家大工業基礎之中，吸引更多優勢資源向武器裝備科研生產領域集聚。

深在提高綜合效益。軍隊能打勝仗，作戰保障是關鍵。本書明確提出，要實現綜合高效的軍民融合，必須建立軍民融合式軍隊人才培養體系、軍民融合式軍隊保障體系、軍民融合式國防動員體系，完善系統配套的軍民融合式發展的基本保障。

《富國強軍》適應了全媒體時代受眾的審美情趣。本書觀點新穎、內容飽滿、前瞻性強，總體體現了“專家視野＋基層口吻解讀＋案例索引”的概念，適應了全媒體時代受眾的審美情趣。

全書依托十八大報告關于“加快推進國防和軍隊現代化”的重要論述、習主席有關涉及國防和軍隊的重要講話精神，從歷史和現實的角度，在表現形式上有三個明顯特殊——

視角獨特。全書注重用新視角發掘“產品”。即站在受眾的角度思考問題，變“我怎麼看”為“受眾怎樣看”，用“第三只眼”審視作品，千方百計發掘受眾喜愛的“產品”。

善講故事。全書注重通過講故事來強化有效傳播。注意用基層官兵喜聞樂見的口吻，通過案例牽引，客觀講述軍民融合深度發展的故事，並做到了理論語言生活化、政治語言知識化，在講故事中說道理，在說道理時講故事；善用網言網語講故事，將網言網語融入生動的故事中，在故事中營造網絡語言氛圍；變“我說你听”的居高臨下為“為您服務”的俯身貼近，平視敘述，娓娓道來。

呈現新穎。全書注重用新呈現方式做深閱讀話題。通過有視角沖擊力的圖片和插圖，適應了讀圖時代特點，強化了主題，豐富了內容；通過活用圖表、分類、概括、標注、提示等新的呈現方式，使高深嚴肅的軍事話題變得輕快起來；通過通俗易懂的闡述、案例解讀和用新大白話“翻譯”等，使強國強軍的重要話題變得生動起來，便于廣大讀者，尤其是有利于部隊基層官兵學習掌握其精髓。

Modern English Translation:

What are the problems facing the deep development of military-civilian integration? How can the in-depth development of military-civilian integration fit the strategy of prospering the country and strengthening the military around the world?

At present, as military-civilian integration has become a national strategy, the development of deep military-civilian integration has also become the focus of close attention in public opinion at home and abroad.

“Enriching the Country and Strengthening the Army—Deep Development of Military-civilian Integration” (hereinafter referred to as “Enriching the Country and Strengthening the Army”) published by the People’s Liberation Army News Changzheng Press has comprehensively and systematically answered this series of questions.

This book was selected into the “Twelfth Five-Year” National Key Book Publishing Planning Project”, “Thematic Publishing Project to Celebrate the 65th Anniversary of the Founding of New China”, “National Publishing Fund Project” and other important thematic publishing projects. It is an expert team from the People’s Liberation Army Newspaper Long March Press and National Defense University One of the carefully created “Strong Army Dream Series”. Authors Chen Yushu and Li Shandong have participated in many national and military key scientific research projects and won many national and military awards. Most of the dozens of cutting-edge military theory papers published have attracted widespread attention. This book integrates the essence of their series of research results, and once it was published, it aroused positive responses.

“Enriching the Country and Strengthening the Army” objectively analyzes the value of the era of military-civilian integrated development under the new situation from a new perspective; systematically expounds the strategic position of military-civilian deep integrated development in realizing the Chinese dream and strengthening the military; comprehensively discussing the new history The new characteristics and new trends of deep military-civilian integration under the regulations describe the effectiveness and current situation of my country’s military-civilian integration development; the exploration puts forward ways and methods to promote the development of deep military-civilian integration. Among them, it focuses on the authoritative interpretation of the “deep” of the deep development of military-civilian integration——

Deep in the integration of military and civilian advancement. The development of military-civilian integration will prosper the country. This book clearly states that integrated advancement is the overall idea of military-civilian integrated development. Its essence is to convert the total social resources formed by the traditional military-civilian division into highly efficient resources for military-civilian two-way interaction, to achieve the optimal allocation of resources for national defense and economic construction, to maximize the country’s comprehensive national strength, and to achieve a prosperous country and a strong military. Unite.

Deep in casting a sword. The establishment of a military-civilian integrated weaponry and equipment scientific research and production system is the general trend. This book clearly states that to deepen the development of military-civilian integration of weapons and equipment research and production, we should adhere to the market-oriented orientation, focus on forming an “open, competitive, and shared” development pattern, and strengthen the military-civilian integrated market foundation for weapons and equipment research and production through reforms in key areas and key links. , And strive to deeply root the construction of weapons and equipment in the country’s large-scale industrial foundation, and attract more advantageous resources to gather in the field of weapons and equipment research and production.

Deeply improving the overall benefits. For the army to win battles, combat security is the key. The book clearly states that to achieve comprehensive and efficient military-civilian integration, it is necessary to establish a military-civilian integrated military personnel training system, a military-civilian integrated military support system, and a military-civilian integrated national defense mobilization system, and perfect the basic guarantee for the system’s supporting military-civilian integrated development.

“Enriching the Country and Strengthening the Army” adapts to the aesthetic taste of the audience in the all-media era. This book has novel viewpoints, full content, and strong forward-looking. It generally embodies the concept of “experts’ vision + grassroots tone interpretation + case index” and adapts to the aesthetic taste of audiences in the all-media era.

The whole book relies on the important exposition of the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on “Accelerating the Modernization of National Defense and the Army” and the spirit of Chairman Xi’s important speech concerning national defense and the military. From the perspective of history and reality, there are three obvious special manifestations:

Unique perspective. The book focuses on discovering “products” with new perspectives. That is to think about the problem from the perspective of the audience, change “how do I see” to “how the audience sees”, examine the work with the “third eye”, and do everything possible to discover the “product” that the audience loves.

Tell stories well. The book focuses on strengthening effective communication through storytelling. Pay attention to using the tone that grassroots officers and soldiers like to hear, and use cases to objectively tell the story of the in-depth development of military-civilian integration, and achieve the realization of theoretical language life, political language knowledge, reason in storytelling, and storytelling when reasoning; Internet language and Internet language tell stories, integrate Internet language and Internet language into vivid stories, and create an atmosphere of Internet language in the story; change from “I say you listen” to “serving for you” leaning close and narrating directly, Whispered.

Presenting novelty. The book focuses on using new presentation methods to do deep reading topics. Through visually impactful pictures and illustrations, it adapts to the characteristics of the picture-reading era, strengthens the theme, and enriches the content; through the use of new presentation methods such as charts, classification, generalization, annotations, and prompts, advanced and serious military topics become Get up lightly; through easy-to-understand explanations, case interpretations, and “translation” in the new vernacular, the important topics of strengthening the country and the army become vivid, which is convenient for readers, especially for the grassroots officers and soldiers of the army to learn and master its essence.

Original Referring Chinese MOD URL: http://www.mod.gov.cn/big5/jmsd/2017-02/04/content_4771493_3.htm

Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, 中國軍民融合計劃

習近平主席：民用軍事融合行動提高戰鬥力

02/24/2021 admin Leave a comment

President Xi Jinping: Civil Military Fusion Operations Enhancing Combat Effectiveness

編者按

軍民融合式發展，是提高民兵預備役部隊非戰爭軍事行動能力的最有效途徑。要實現全方位、寬領域、大縱深的融合，必須強化融合意識、加大融合力度、拓展融合渠道，堅持以任務為牽引，以實戰需求為目標。陝西某預備役團將當地各類資源納入戰備儲備體系，實現即徵即用，隨時能遂行雙應任務，使軍地形成了借勢發展、借船行舟、借梯上樓的良好格局；湖南懷化軍分區把加強民兵預備役部隊建設，作為各級黨委、政府和軍事機關的共同責任，為提升民兵預備役部隊非戰爭軍事行動能力提供了可靠支撐。他們的經驗值得借鑒。

陝西某預備役團發揮軍民融合優勢提升部隊戰鬥力

整合資源，向實戰化步步緊逼

■薑山王莉

初春的黃土高原某地域，一片寂靜。突然，一架“敵”機呼嘯而來，陣地上數門防空火砲迅速捕捉目標，吐出道道火舌，短短30秒，目標灰飛煙滅。上演這精彩一幕的，是陝西某預備役團。然而幾年前，該團的戰鬥力還是麻繩拴豆腐——提不起來。如此明顯的進步從哪裡來？團領導一語中的：“軍民融合讓部隊戰鬥力提升駛入了快車道！”

精細管理，夯實戰鬥力基礎

3月初，結合年度整組工作，該團28名營以上預備役軍官進行個人述職，並接受現役、預備役黨委委員及地方組織部門人員的現場提問和評議。最終，5人因評議結果不合格，被列入調整出隊名單。該團政委胡楊告訴筆者：“‘真刀真槍’的考評，能夠激勵預備役軍官履職盡責，為部隊建設加油使勁。”

前幾年，該團就協調地方制訂了《預備役軍官管理細則》等相關規定，然而由於缺乏具體措施，操作難度大，導致部分預備役軍官參加軍事活動積極性不高，召之難來的現象時有發生。 2015年，該團黨委與延安市委組織部、人事局、財政局等部門聯合出台《預備役軍官軍地聯合考評實施辦法》，將熟悉軍地作戰協調、服務戰鬥保障等6大類25個方面內容，納入預備役軍官地方年度績效考評體系，明確要求各單位在調整崗位、選人用人時，優先使用在軍事訓練、完成急難險重任務中表現突出的預備役軍官，對不遵守部隊紀律、訓練消極應付、成績不達標的個人取消評選先進的資格。

部隊意見進入地方決策，消除了預備役軍官干好幹壞“上級不清楚”“使用不參照”等問題，從根本上調動了預備役軍官參訓的積極性。 1月初，該團組織預備役軍官集訓，來自6個縣區的預備役軍官全部按時參加，無一請假。

確保預備役官兵與部隊日常信息互通，是實現“訓在平時、育在平時、管在平時”的前提條件。該團與地方高校共同研製開發《預備役官兵信息管理系統》，對預備役官兵進行網上政治教育、隨機點名抽查、軍地聯合講評；預備役官兵也可通過該系統向部隊反映自己的情況，為軍地雙方信息互通提供了平台。

為實現軍地優勢互補，促進軍地融合建設，他們還把加強軍事訓練與促進企業生產有機結合起來。編組在某公司的汽車連，不但定期分批對預備役人員進行駕駛技能、維修技能等方面的專業培訓，還針對運輸過程中可能發生的失火、爆炸、破壞等意外情況，在預備役官兵中開展滅火、防爆處突等技戰術課目的訓練，確保一經拉動，立即執行任務。

摸清底數，催生戰鬥力提升

提起去年團隊接受上級整建制戰備考核拉動演練的一幕，團長張棟面露尷尬之色。當時部隊集結，該團徵召預編在某駕校的15台重型運輸車，對方卻以教學任務重為由不予調撥。無奈，團裡只得向市交通局尋求幫助，導致集結時間比預定晚了2個小時。

有裝備卻不能為我所用，出現這樣的問題，雖在意料之外，卻在情理之中。一方面，預編裝備在地方經濟建設快速發展中加快了“退役”週期，另一方面，地方單位新增的科技含量高、技術性能好的新型軍民通用裝備，不能及時進入預編序列。團黨委會上，黨委“一班人”達成一致：必須著眼戰時保障需求整合軍地資源，讓地方高新裝備納編進程和地方經濟建設速度同步，打牢充足完備、對接實戰的裝備保障基礎。

為此，團隊依據《國防動員法》《加強預備役部隊建設的意見》和《預備役部（分）隊戰備工作規定》等法規制度，修訂《裝備物資管理規定》，完善各類裝備保障方案，實現通用裝備物資的儲備、徵用等法規化。與預編單位簽訂《預編裝備責任書》，確保平時能夠保障訓練和應急使用，戰時能夠緊急徵用，遂行作戰任務，實現了裝備資源管理的製度化。他們還對全市範圍內的主要裝備維修機構、科研單位、生產廠家進行調查摸底，與30餘家企業單位簽訂近百種《裝備物資儲備協議》，明確各方的責任義務，摸清了裝備底數。

通過市國動委宏觀調控，該團在延安市6個縣區分級分層建起車炮庫、戰備物資器材庫，實行抗洪搶險、森林滅火、防爆維穩等分隊裝備物資預儲，大幅縮短了部隊快速反應時間。

該團從解放軍邊防學院、延安大學等軍地院校和科研院所請來電子、信息和網絡專家，與全團官兵攜手攻關，建立起“預徵裝備信息數據庫”，實現了預編裝備由“靜態管理”到“動態管理”的轉變，一批跨行政區域大中型企業和事業單位的通信設備、運輸車輛和工程機械等最新軍民通用裝備，在經過嚴格的性能檢測後被預編進來。

自我加壓，立起戰鬥力標準

凜冽的西北風中，一場信息化條件下的實戰化演練在黃土高原展開。 “藍軍”利用衛星偵察、電磁干擾等手段，頻頻擾亂“紅軍”行動計劃；“紅軍”陣營處變不驚，迅速啟用備用通信網，同時開啟反干擾設備，破解“藍軍”的不間斷打擊……在此次演練中擔負網絡保障任務的，是該團依托延安大學信息學院組建的網絡戰分隊。近年來，該團融合軍地資源推動部隊實戰化訓練，取得了顯著成效。

為了打牢戰鬥力生成基礎，他們藉助當地各高校和訓練機構的教學優勢，組織預備役人員進行小專業知識集訓、士官升級培訓；借助新裝備廠家和修理機構的技術優勢，為部隊組織技術人員和修理骨幹培訓；借助現役部隊的人才、裝備、設施優勢，對雷達、標圖、無人機等複雜專業和小兵種專業官兵開展針對性訓練，先後培養了70餘名雷達專業尖子、120餘名標圖能手、30餘名無人機操作駕駛骨幹……

同時，他們依托編兵單位，針對預備役官兵不同的工作崗位，開展多種形式的崗位練兵活動。去年以來，該團先後依托地方國動委、應急辦組織應急指揮演練，與三大通信運營公司進行應急通信演練，與交通、醫療、民政等部門聯合進行應急保障演練，促進了軍地聯合指揮、通信和保障能力的提高。

Modern English Translation:

Editor’s note

Military-civilian integrated development is the most effective way to improve the non-war military operations capabilities of the militia and reserve forces. To achieve omni-directional, wide-ranging, and large-depth integration, it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of integration, increase integration efforts, expand integration channels, adhere to task-driven, and actual combat needs as the goal. A reserve regiment in Shaanxi incorporated various local resources into the combat readiness reserve system, realizing that it can be used immediately upon requisition, and can perform dual-response tasks at any time, so that the military and the military have formed a good pattern of development, borrowing boats and boats, and borrowing ladders to go upstairs; Huaihua, Hunan Military sub-regions regard strengthening the construction of militia reserve forces as the joint responsibility of party committees, governments, and military agencies at all levels, and provide reliable support for enhancing the non-war military operations capabilities of militia reserve forces. Their experience is worth learning.

A reserve regiment in Shaanxi takes advantage of military-civilian integration to enhance its combat effectiveness

Integrate resources and press harder for actual combat

■ Jiang Shan Wang Li

A certain area of the Loess Plateau in early spring was silent. Suddenly, an “enemy” aircraft roared in, and several anti-aircraft guns on the position quickly captured the target, spitting out flames. In just 30 seconds, the target was wiped out. This wonderful scene was staged by a reserve team in Shaanxi. However, a few years ago, the combat effectiveness of the regiment was still tied to tofu with twine—it couldn’t be mentioned. Where does such obvious progress come from? In the words of the regiment leader: “Military-civilian integration has improved the combat effectiveness of the troops and entered the fast lane!”

Fine management to consolidate the foundation of combat effectiveness

At the beginning of March, combined with the annual work of the entire group, the regiment’s 28 reserve officers and above battalion conducted personal reports, and accepted on-site questions and comments from members of the active and reserve party committees and local organization departments. In the end, five people were included in the list of adjustments due to unqualified evaluation results. Hu Yang, the political commissar of the regiment, told the author: “The evaluation of the’real swords and guns’ can inspire reserve officers to perform their duties and work hard for army building.”

In the past few years, the regiment coordinated with the local authorities to formulate the “Regulations for the Management of Reserve Officers” and other relevant regulations. However, due to the lack of specific measures and the difficulty of operation, some reserve officers are not highly motivated to participate in military activities, and sometimes it is difficult to recruit. occur. In 2015, the party committee of the regiment, the Organization Department of the Yan’an Municipal Party Committee, the Bureau of Personnel, the Bureau of Finance and other departments jointly issued the “Implementation Measures for the Joint Evaluation of Reserve Officers and Military Areas”, which will be familiar with the contents of 6 categories and 25 aspects such as military and local combat coordination and service combat support. , Incorporated into the local annual performance appraisal system for reserve officers, and clearly requires that all units prioritize the use of reserve officers who have outstanding performance in military training and completing urgent, difficult, dangerous and heavy tasks when adjusting positions, selecting and appointing personnel, and responding passively to non-compliance with military discipline and training , Individuals who fail to meet the standard will be disqualified for advanced selection.

The opinions of the troops entered the local decision-making process, eliminating the problems of “unclear superiors” and “non-reference” for reserve officers, and fundamentally aroused the enthusiasm of reserve officers to participate in training. In early January, the regiment organized a training camp for reserve officers. All reserve officers from six counties and districts participated on time, and none of them asked for leave.

Ensuring the daily information exchange between reserve officers and troops is a prerequisite for achieving “training in peacetime, education in peacetime, and management in peacetime.” The regiment and local colleges and universities jointly developed the “Reserve Officers and Soldiers Information Management System” to conduct online political education, random roll-calling, and joint military and civilian commentary on reserve officers and soldiers; reserve officers and soldiers can also use the system to report their own situation to the military and serve The information exchange between the two parties provides a platform.

In order to realize the complementary advantages of the military and the land and promote the integration of the military and the land, they also organically combined the strengthening of military training with the promotion of enterprise production. The automobile company grouped in a certain company not only provides professional training in driving skills and maintenance skills for reserve personnel in batches on a regular basis, but also conducts fire fighting among reserve officers and soldiers in response to accidents such as fire, explosion, and damage that may occur during transportation. The training of technical and tactical courses such as explosion-proof and sudden-disruption, to ensure that the task is performed immediately once it is pulled.

Find out the bottom line, promote combat effectiveness

Speaking of last year’s team accepting the superior reorganization system combat readiness assessment to pull the drill, the team leader Zhang Dong showed embarrassment. At that time, the army was assembled and the regiment recruited 15 heavy transport vehicles pre-programmed in a driving school, but the other party refused to transfer them because of the heavy teaching task. Reluctantly, the group had to seek help from the Municipal Transportation Bureau, causing the assembly time to be 2 hours later than scheduled.

I have the equipment but I can’t use it for me. Although such a problem appears unexpected, it is reasonable. On the one hand, pre-programmed equipment has accelerated the “retirement” cycle in the rapid development of local economic construction. On the other hand, new military-civilian general equipment with high technological content and good technical performance added by local units cannot enter the pre-programmed sequence in time. At the regiment party committee, the “group of people” of the party committee reached an agreement: it is necessary to integrate military and military resources based on the needs of wartime support, so that the process of local high-tech equipment acquisition and the speed of local economic construction can be synchronized, and a sufficient, complete, and actual combat equipment support foundation must be laid .

To this end, the team revised the “Regulations on the Management of Equipment and Materials” in accordance with the “National Defense Mobilization Law,” “Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Reserve Forces”, and “Regulations on the Preparation of the Reserve Department (Sub) Teams”, and revised the “Regulations on the Management of Equipment and Materials” to improve various equipment support plans to achieve Regulations on the reserve and requisition of general equipment and materials. Sign the “Pre-compiled Equipment Responsibility Letter” with the pre-compiled unit to ensure that it can guarantee training and emergency use in peacetime, and can be requisitioned urgently in wartime, and carry out combat tasks, realizing the institutionalization of equipment resource management. They also investigated the main equipment maintenance organizations, scientific research units, and manufacturers in the city, and signed nearly one hundred “equipment material reserve agreements” with more than 30 enterprises, clarified the responsibilities and obligations of all parties, and figured out the equipment base. .

Through the macro-control of the Municipal State Movement Committee, the regiment has built a car and artillery warehouse and a war-preparation material warehouse in 6 counties and districts of Yan’an City. It has implemented pre-storage of equipment and materials for units such as flood fighting and rescue, forest fire fighting, explosion protection and stability maintenance. Quick reaction time of troops.

The regiment invited electronics, information, and network experts from military academies and scientific research institutes such as the People’s Liberation Army Frontier Defense Academy, Yan’an University, etc., worked hand in hand with the entire regiment’s officers and soldiers to tackle key problems, established a “pre-commissioned equipment information database”, and realized pre-compiled equipment From “static management” to “dynamic management”, a batch of the latest general-purpose military and civilian equipment such as communications equipment, transportation vehicles and construction machinery for large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions across administrative regions have been pre-programmed after strict performance testing.

Self-pressurize and set up the standard of combat effectiveness

In the harsh northwest wind, an actual combat exercise under the conditions of information technology was launched on the Loess Plateau. The “Blue Army” used satellite reconnaissance, electromagnetic interference and other means to frequently disrupt the “Red Army” action plan; the “Red Army” camp became calm and quickly activated the backup communication network, and at the same time turned on anti-jamming equipment to crack the “Blue Army”‘s continuous attack… In this exercise, it is the network warfare detachment formed by the regiment based on the School of Information of Yan’an University that is responsible for the network security task. In recent years, the regiment has integrated military and land resources to promote the actual combat training of troops, and has achieved remarkable results.

In order to lay a solid foundation for combat effectiveness, they used the teaching advantages of local universities and training institutions to organize reserve personnel to conduct small professional knowledge training and non-commissioned officer upgrade training; use the technical advantages of new equipment manufacturers and repair organizations to organize technical personnel and repairs for the troops Key training: Taking advantage of the talents, equipment, and facilities of the active army, we carried out targeted training for officers and soldiers in complex professions such as radar, mapping, drones, and small arms, and successively trained more than 70 top radar professionals and more than 120 mapping experts , More than 30 key drone operators…

At the same time, they rely on military formation units to carry out various forms of on-the-job training activities for the different positions of reserve officers and soldiers. Since last year, the regiment has successively organized emergency command drills based on the local State Mobility Commission and the Emergency Management Office, conducted emergency communications drills with the three major communications operating companies, and conducted emergency support drills with the transportation, medical, and civil affairs departments, which promoted joint military and civilian command. , Communication and support capabilities.

湖南省懷化軍分區協調軍地強力推進深度融合發展

瞄準戰場，讓潛力變成戰鬥力

■徐小平湯金平

3月初，湖南省懷化軍分區對所屬民兵預備役組織整頓進行驗收，由軍分區、駐軍司令部、市政府督查室組成的聯合督導組，令編兵單位領導耳目一新，又倍感緊張。檢查現場，軍分區負責人員編制核實，駐軍負責各專業隊伍經訓率、專業對口率核查，市政府督查室針對問題下達整改時限，並當場進行績效評分。

軍分區司令員向型楚滿懷信心地說，瞄準戰場推進軍民深度融合，就是要依據戰時民兵預備役擔負的支援保障任務編實隊伍，協調地方黨委政府按軍事需求抓落實，駐軍單位按作戰行動要求進行驗收，這樣才能真正把動員潛力變成實實在在的戰鬥力。

雙重履職，務軍興武變得更主動

2月16日，春節長假後上班第3天，分管武裝工作的懷化市常務副市長楊親鵬得知個別縣、市領導對民兵整組工作落實不力，當即責成相關人員以市政府的名義下發通知，召開民兵整組再動員、再部署大會，分會場就設在各縣、市政府會議室。

近年來，該軍分區和所屬人武部黨委主動擔當，積極作為，為駐地黨委政府提建議、當參謀，把民兵預備役發展融入轄區內經濟社會發展大局，帶動地方黨委、政府樹牢了“一盤棋、一家人、一體化”的軍民融合深度發展理念。

市委、市政府把部隊建設納入目標績效和領導履職“雙重”考核已形成新常態；市縣兩級每次召開常委會、政府常務會前，都要詢問軍分區、人武部是否有關於武裝工作的議題上會研究；當地高速路網建設主動為部隊預留3個出入口供戰時所需；新建的2萬平方米的地下商貿城改寫了市人防平均面積不夠的缺陷……曾經的“大利大融、小利小融、無利不融”現像一去不返。

拆除“圍牆”，共贏發展成為新常態

去年初，軍分區協調駐軍單位和地方召開研討會，共同探討融合發展之策。與會領導一致認為，推進軍民融合深度發展，必須打開“大門”，拆掉“圍牆”，徹底改變自我封閉、自成體系的軍地建設思維模式，實現富民與強軍目標相統一。

該軍分區走出“就分區抓分區，就武裝抓武裝”的思想誤區，採取“請進來、走出去”的方式，與地方共享共用部分軍事設施，增強軍地互動、軍地交流、軍民往來，鞏固深化軍政軍民關係。民兵預備役組織調整、專業分隊訓練、年度軍事考核、規模演練，駐軍單位指派督導組參加，現場指導評估，提出改進意見。地方各編兵單位打破機制壁壘、人才壁壘、競爭壁壘，集合軍地科技資源優勢，實現效益最大化，為部隊和國防建設注入了新活力。

今年2月，鶴城區按要求組建民兵搶修分隊，軍事科參謀彭毅前往汽修企業協調。幾位企業負責人聽說要組建民兵隊伍，非常痛快地答應了，令他大呼意外。他深有感觸地說，以往到組建單位協調編組民兵開展訓練，單位領導總是找各種理由推辭，如今全市上下強化國防觀念，政府出面搞協調、抓落實，人武部再不用唱“獨角戲”了！

不講“感情”，依法融合實現制度化

軍民融合深度發展，離不開完善的製度機制。近年來，懷化市軍地雙方始終圍繞健全機製做工作。

軍分區黨委堅持黨管武裝製度，推動應急指揮進入政府應急管理體制，建立聯席會議、請示報告、協調督導等製度，走開應急指揮體系一體化建設的路子；軍地雙方圍繞軍民融合工作的管理體制、工作機制、機構關係、對象範圍、程序方式、和法律責任等核心內容，制訂《關於進一步推進軍民深度融合發展的意見》，破除制約軍民深度融合思想觀念上、政策體制上的障礙；建立以市委、市政府督查室為主、軍分區與駐軍單位機關為輔的軍民融合督導巡視機構，對民兵預備役整組、徵兵工作、軍事訓練等各個階段性工作進行巡視督導，促進軍地各級強化強軍興武觀念；把軍民融合發展納入市、縣黨管武裝績效考評和黨政領導政績考核內容，考核分值佔績效分值的7.6%。

軍分區政委陳雲龍告訴記者，嚴格落實績效考核，驅動軍民融合發展車輪，實現軍民融合深度發展。

Modern English Translation:

The Huaihua Military Sub-district in Hunan Province coordinated the military and the military to vigorously promote deep integrated development

Aiming at the battlefield, turning potential into combat effectiveness

■Xu Xiaoping Tang Jinping

At the beginning of March, the Huaihua Military Division of Hunan Province checked and accepted the organization and rectification of the militia reserve. The joint supervision team composed of the military division, the garrison headquarters, and the municipal government inspection office made the leaders of the military organization refreshed and nervous. At the inspection site, the military divisions are responsible for the staffing verification, the garrison is responsible for the verification of the training rate and professional counterpart rate of each professional team, and the municipal government inspection office issues a rectification time limit for the problem and conducts performance evaluation on the spot.

Commander Xiang Xingchu of the military division said with confidence that aiming at the battlefield to promote deep military-civilian integration is to organize teams based on the support and support tasks undertaken by the wartime militia reserve, coordinate local party committees and governments to implement military requirements, and garrison units operate according to combat operations. Acceptance is required, so that the mobilization potential can be truly turned into real combat effectiveness.

Double performance of duties, the military becomes more active

On February 16th, on the third day of work after the long Spring Festival holiday, Yang Qinpeng, the executive deputy mayor of Huaihua City, in charge of armed work, learned that individual county and city leaders had failed to implement the work of the militia group, and immediately instructed relevant personnel to issue it in the name of the city government. It was notified that the militia group re-mobilization and redeployment meeting was held, and the branch venues were set up in the conference rooms of the county and city governments.

In recent years, the subdistricts of the army and the Party Committee of the People’s Armed Forces Department have taken the initiative and acted actively, advising the resident party committee and government, serving as a staff member, integrating the development of the militia reserve into the overall economic and social development of the area under its jurisdiction, and spurring the local party committees and governments to establish a “game of chess,” The in-depth development concept of military-civilian integration of “one family, integration”.

The municipal party committee and the municipal government have incorporated the military construction into the target performance and leadership performance “dual” assessment has become a new normal; each time the municipal and county levels hold standing committees and government executive meetings, they must ask whether the military divisions and the Ministry of Human Resources and Armed Forces have any questions about armed forces. The topic of work will be studied; the construction of the local expressway network actively reserves 3 entrances and exits for the troops for wartime needs; the newly built 20,000 square meter underground trade city rewrites the defect that the average area of the city’s civil air defense is insufficient… The phenomenon of “big profit and big financial, small profit and small financial, no profit but no financial” will never return.

Demolition of the “wall”, win-win development becomes the new normal

At the beginning of last year, the military divisions coordinated the garrison units and localities to hold a seminar to jointly discuss strategies for integrated development. The leaders at the meeting agreed that to promote the in-depth development of military-civilian integration, it is necessary to open the “door”, tear down the “wall”, completely change the self-enclosed and self-contained thinking mode of military construction, and achieve the unity of enriching the people and strengthening the military.

The military division has gone out of the ideological misunderstanding of “grasping the division by division, and grabbing the armed forces”, adopting the method of “inviting in and going out”, sharing some military facilities with the locality, enhancing military-to-military interaction, military-to-military exchanges, and military-civilian exchanges. Consolidate and deepen military-political military-civilian relations. The militia reserve organization adjustments, professional unit training, annual military assessments, and scale drills, the garrison units appoint a supervision team to participate, conduct on-site evaluations, and put forward suggestions for improvement. Local military formations break through barriers to mechanisms, talents, and competition, and combine military and civilian scientific and technological resource advantages to maximize benefits and inject new vitality into the construction of the army and national defense.

In February this year, Hecheng District organized a militia emergency repair unit as required, and Peng Yi, a military staff officer, went to the auto repair company to coordinate. Several business leaders heard that the militia team was to be formed, and they agreed very happily, which surprised him. He said with deep feeling that in the past, when the unit was organized to coordinate and organize militias to carry out training, unit leaders always found various reasons to refuse. Now the whole city strengthens the concept of national defense, the government has come forward to coordinate and implement, and the Ministry of Human Resources and Armed Forces no longer has to perform “one-man shows.” Up!

Do not talk about “feelings”, and achieve institutionalization through integration according to law

The in-depth development of military-civilian integration is inseparable from a sound institutional mechanism. In recent years, the military and civilian sides of Huaihua City have been working on a sound mechanism.

The party committee of the military sub-region adheres to the system of party management and armed forces, promotes emergency command into the government emergency management system, establishes joint meetings, request reports, coordinated supervision and other systems, and takes the road of integrated construction of the emergency command system; both military and civilian sides manage the work of military-civilian integration The core content of the system, working mechanism, institutional relationship, scope of objects, procedures and methods, and legal responsibilities, etc., formulate the “Opinions on Further Promoting the Development of Deep Military-civilian Integration” to remove the ideological, conceptual, and policy system barriers that restrict the deep integration of military and civilian; The military-civilian integration supervision and inspection organization, mainly composed of the municipal party committee and municipal government inspection offices, and supplemented by military sub-regions and garrison units, conducts inspections and supervision of all phases of the work of the militia reserve, conscription, military training, etc. Strengthen the concept of strengthening the army and rejuvenating the military; incorporate the development of military-civilian integration into the performance evaluation of city and county party management and armed forces and the performance evaluation of party and government leaders. The evaluation score accounts for 7.6% of the performance score.

Chen Yunlong, political commissar of the military division, told reporters that strict implementation of performance appraisal will drive the development of military-civilian integration and achieve deep development of military-civilian integration.

Original Chinese Military URL: http://www.mod.gov.cn/power/2016-03/15/content_4646679_2.htm

China Cyber Dilemma in the 21st Century, China National Cyber Security Strategy, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military - Network & Space Forces, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, 國家網絡空間安全戰略

People’s Republic of China’s Practice of Network Power // 中華人民共和國網絡權力實踐

02/12/2019 admin Leave a comment

People’s Republic of China’s Practice of Network Power //

中華人民共和國網絡權力實踐

People’s Daily (April 19, 2018 01 edition)

In today’s world, the information technology revolution is changing with each passing day.

　　In contemporary China, the development of the network business has advanced by leaps and bounds.

　　From mobile payment everywhere to new high-level online transaction volume; from the nationwide e-government system to the booming big data industry… General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech on network security and informationization work published two years ago, China’s online letter With the rapid and healthy development of the business, the Internet has increasingly become an important driving force for national development, and the digital field has continuously achieved leap-forward development.

Under the guidance of the strategic blueprint for the “two hundred years” struggle goal, China, which is opening a new era, is striding towards a new journey of network power.

　　Looking ahead and judging the situation, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core points the way forward for building a network power

　　In March 2018, the “Deepening the Party and State Institutional Reform Plan” issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China opened a new chapter in the national network letter business – the Central Cyber Security and Informatization Leading Group was changed to the Central Cyber Security and Informatization Committee, responsible for Top-level design, overall layout, overall coordination, overall promotion, and supervision and implementation of major work in this field.

　　This is the far-sightedness of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core of the national network letter, and it is also the implementation of the important speech delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the symposium on cybersecurity and informationization.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has accurately grasped the general trend of the times, actively responded to the requirements of practice, deeply examined the major changes in the main social contradictions, and issued a series of important speeches on the development of the network business, clearly proposing the strategic thinking of the network power.

　　”To develop a network business, we must implement a people-centered development thinking.”

　　——According to the ups and downs of Internet technology changes, General Secretary Xi Jinping always puts the people at the highest position, clearly defining “to adapt to people’s expectations and needs, speed up the popularization of information services, reduce application costs, and provide them with affordable and affordable The well-used information service has enabled hundreds of millions of people to gain more sense of sharing Internet development results.”

　　“Big data is a new stage in the development of information technology.”

　　——In the face of the information-based competitive environment that you chase after me, General Secretary Xi Jinping made a keen judgment to “understand the current status and trends of big data development and its impact on economic and social development, and analyze the achievements of China’s big data development and Problems exist to promote the implementation of the national big data strategy.”

　　”Building a community of cyberspace destiny.”

　　——Investigating the profound changes in the global Internet governance system, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed “four principles” and “five points of proposition”, calling for “the Internet is invisible, but the people who use the Internet are tangible, and the Internet is the common home of mankind. It is the common responsibility of the international community to make this home more beautiful, cleaner and safer.

　　……

　　New ideas lead new practices, and new strategies open up new journeys. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, a colorful network of powerful powers is slowly unfolding.

　　One-point deployment, nine-point implementation, a series of new policies and new measures for the reform and development of the network letter business are turning into new achievements and new changes

　　”Party committees and governments at all levels should strengthen Internet thinking, be good at using the advantages of the Internet, and focus on integrating, sharing, facilitating, and security, promoting scientific decision-making in government, refining social governance, and improving the efficiency of public services. Perceive the social situation, open communication channels, assist decision-making and governance, and facilitate the masses to do things.

　　On April 13, 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping made important instructions during the inspection of the Hainan Provincial Government Affairs Data Center, once again in order to speed up the development of big data and use information technology to point the way.

　　Without informatization, there is no modernization.

　　General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech on cybersecurity and informatization work has been published for two years. All localities and departments have kept pace with the times, pioneering and innovating, and introduced a series of new policies and new measures to promote the cause of major strategic opportunities in the network letter industry and usher in new Development, new leap.

　　——Continuously strengthen the top-level design, and the information development will add institutional guarantee.

　　The Outline of the National Informatization Development Strategy was published, which depicts the development of digital China’s construction in the next 10 years, and clearly sets a clear timetable and roadmap for the construction of a network power. The “13th Five-Year National Informationization Plan” was released. It is proposed to achieve significant results in the construction of digital China as the overall goal of China’s informatization development.

　　In the past two years, the informatization development strategy, the national big data strategy, and the “Internet +” action plan have been frequently deployed, and the foundation of the network is solid.

　　——The infrastructure is more perfect, and the digital development paves the way.

　　In 2017, the length of new optical cable lines in China was 7.05 million kilometers. The total length of national optical cable lines reached 37.47 million kilometers, an increase of 23.2% over the previous year; the number of Internet broadband access ports reached 779 million, an increase of 9.3%.

　　The Action Plan for Promoting the Scale Deployment of the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) was issued and implemented, and the scale of IPv6 deployment was comprehensively improved. As of December 31, 2017, the total number of IPv6 address allocations in China was 23,430 (/32).

　　In the past two years, the quality and coverage of mobile network services have continued to improve, and the development of next-generation Internet has shown great prospects.

　　– Internet innovative social governance tools, e-government work into the fast lane.

　　At the Taxation Hall of the State Taxation Bureau of Jinjiang City, Fujian Province, the financial manager Shi Jinxing received dozens of special value-added tax invoices through the self-service terminal. He felt that “it took a half-day to become a few minutes, and the government service became more and more convenient. Efficient.”

　　Innovative services to benefit the people. The data shows that the current total number of government websites in the country is nearly 32,000; the new government media has become a new channel for communication between the public and the public.

　　In December 2017, the Central Network Information Office and other departments jointly launched a two-year national e-government comprehensive pilot project in eight provinces including Beijing, Shanghai and Jiangsu to explore the development of e-government development experience that can be used for promotion, and more convenient and efficient e-government experience. Just around the corner.

　　Take the matter at any time, make meritorious deeds from the capital, and profit from the power of all things.

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China formulated a blueprint for the development of a new era, and proposed to build a network power, digital China, and a smart society, promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the real economy, develop the digital economy, share the economy, and foster new growth. Point, form new kinetic energy.

　　In Zhejiang, the digital economy, which is dominated by software services, Internet of Things, cloud computing, and big data, has exceeded 10 trillion yuan for three consecutive years. In Guizhou, where poverty alleviation is the main battlefield, big data has become one of the three development strategies. Its economic growth rate has been in the forefront of the country for seven consecutive years.

　　A series of data and an item of results reflect a series of historical achievements and historic changes in the digital development of China in recent years.

　　Let hundreds of millions of people gain more sense of sharing the Internet development achievements, and build a strong power for building a network power.

　　At the end of each course, Zhang Fan, an online training teacher, will carefully review the “Magic Mirror System” analysis of the students’ class status and adjust and optimize the teaching plan accordingly.

　　Through this system, the camera captures the classroom state, such as raising hands, practicing, listening to classes, speaking, etc., and even facial expression changes at any time. Through multi-dimensional measurement of data, a unique learning report for each student is generated.

　　With the help of digital technology, the goal of “there is no education, teaching students in accordance with their aptitudes”, which is the sage of the past dynasties, is now entering an ordinary life.

　　No longer just online shopping, sharing bicycles, today, digital technology represented by big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence is increasingly infiltrating into every aspect of Chinese life: the construction of cancer big data portraits makes health dreams clearer; The guardian platform gives the minors a clearer cyberspace; the 5G “super speed” makes the screen “flashing” words become history…

　　New products from the Internet have emerged, and digital technology has turned people’s imagined new life into reality. From the introduction of the network security law to the new stage of legal governance, to the digital economy, the “big artery” is more smooth… The world of the people of the world is more colorful because of the Internet, and the lives of the people are more abundant because of the Internet.

　　Promoting the development of the Internet and making good use of the power of the Internet are the basic projects that promote social progress and enhance people’s well-being.

　　Liuyu Village is located in the selenium-rich area of southern Meizhou, Guangdong Province, and has a long history of growing tea. However, due to the remote location, poor traffic and information, the sales of tea has not been opened.

　　Since the staying tea has been stationed in the Guangdong mobile e-commerce informationization poverty alleviation platform to achieve online sales, the problem of slow sales of tea has been solved. In the past year, the tea sold by the “Lingnan Life” platform has reached 6,000 kilograms, and the single-day sales order has reached a maximum of 1423.

　　Statistics show that in 2017, China’s digital economy reached 27.2 trillion yuan, accounting for 32.9% of GDP; e-commerce and online retail continued to grow, e-commerce promoted the steady expansion of rural consumption, and rural consumer infrastructure such as logistics, telecommunications, and transportation. further improvement.

　　”Adhere to the people as the center”, digital development is constantly satisfying people’s yearning for a better life, and the people have more sense of gaining in sharing the development of the Internet.

　　“The way of benefit, and the time.”

　　In just over 20 years, starting from a network cable with a network speed of only 64 kilobits per second, China now has 700 million netizens and more than 4 million websites. It has built the world’s largest 4G network, and the scale of online retail transactions has jumped. The world’s first… a series of “great”, witnessed a slap in the face of a network power to the network power.

　　In just two years, from the speed increase and decrease of the network to the implementation of the Cyber Security Law, from the continuous hosting of the four World Internet Conferences to the Alibaba Cloud Data Center, which covers the major Internet markets in the world, a series of “big-handed” highlights China’s move to a network powerhouse. Determination and confidence.

　　In December 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in the second collective study of the Political Bureau of the 19th Central Committee that “the situation will be judged, carefully planned, advanced, and proactive” “accelerate the construction of digital China and better serve China’s economic and social development and people. Life improvement.”

　　The construction of digital China is an important measure to implement the internship General Secretary General Ping Ping’s strategic thinking on network power. It is an effective way to adhere to the people-centered development thinking and continuously enhance the people’s sense of acquisition. It is an inevitable requirement for seizing development opportunities and accelerating the modernization process.

　　This is an urgent call for the new era, and it is a firm declaration of China in the new era.

　　Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, the development of China’s network information industry will surely take greater steps in the construction of a network powerhouse, and create a more awkward innovation for the Chinese dream of building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the great rejuvenation of the nation. power.

Original Mandarin Chinese:

當今世界，信息技術革命日新月異。

當代中國，網信事業發展突飛猛進。

從隨處可見的移動支付到屢創新高的網絡交易額；從覆蓋全國的電子政務系統到蓬勃發展的大數據產業……習近平總書記關於網絡安全和信息化工作重要講話發表兩年來，我國網信事業快速健康發展，互聯網日益成為國家發展重要驅動力，數字領域不斷實現跨越式發展。

在“兩個一百年”奮鬥目標的戰略藍圖指引下，開啟新時代的中國，正在闊步邁向網絡強國的新征程。

高瞻遠矚、審時度勢，以習近平同志為核心的黨中央為建設網絡強國指明前進方向

2018年3月，中共中央印發的《深化黨和國家機構改革方案》，揭開了國家網信事業的新篇章——中央網絡安全和信息化領導小組改為中央網絡安全和信息化委員會，負責這一領域重大工作的頂層設計、總體佈局、統籌協調、整體推進、督促落實。

這是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央對國家網信事業的深謀遠慮，也是對習近平總書記在網絡安全和信息化工作座談會上發表的重要講話的貫徹落實。

黨的十八大以來，習近平總書記準確把握時代大勢，積極回應實踐要求，深刻審視社會主要矛盾新變化，就網信事業發展發表一系列重要講話，鮮明提出了網絡強國的戰略思想。

“網信事業要發展，必須貫徹以人民為中心的發展思想。”

——順應風起雲湧的互聯網技術變革，習近平總書記始終把人民放在最高位置，明確“要適應人民期待和需求，加快信息化服務普及，降低應用成本，為老百姓提供用得上、用得起、用得好的信息服務，讓億萬人民在共享互聯網發展成果上有更多獲得感”。

“大數據是信息化發展的新階段。”

——面對你追我趕的信息化競爭環境，習近平總書記敏銳地作出判斷，要求“深入了解大數據發展現狀和趨勢及其對經濟社會發展的影響，分析我國大數據發展取得的成績和存在的問題，推動實施國家大數據戰略”。

“構建網絡空間命運共同體。”

——洞察全球互聯網治理體系的深刻變革，習近平總書記提出“四項原則”“五點主張”，呼籲“互聯網雖然是無形的，但運用互聯網的人們都是有形的，互聯網是人類的共同家園。讓這個家園更美麗、更乾淨、更安全，是國際社會的共同責任”。

……

新理念引領新實踐，新戰略開啟新征程。在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，一幅五彩斑斕的網絡強國畫卷正在徐徐展開。

一分部署、九分落實，一系列網信事業改革發展的新政策新舉措正在化為舉世矚目的新成就新變革

“各級黨委和政府要強化互聯網思維，善於利用互聯網優勢，著力在融合、共享、便民、安全上下功夫，推進政府決策科學化、社會治理精細化、公共服務高效化，用信息化手段更好感知社會態勢、暢通溝通渠道、輔助決策施政、方便群眾辦事，做到心中有數。”

2018年4月13日，習近平總書記在考察海南省政務數據中心時作出的重要指示，再一次為加快大數據發展、用好信息化手段指明方向。

沒有信息化就沒有現代化。

習近平總書記關於網絡安全和信息化工作重要講話發表兩年來，各地各部門與時俱進、開拓創新，出台一系列新政策、新舉措，推動網信事業抓住重大戰略機遇期，迎來新發展、新飛躍。

——持續加強頂層設計，信息化發展更添制度保障。

《國家信息化發展戰略綱要》出台，描繪了未來10年數字中國建設的發展圖景，為網絡強國建設標識出清晰的時間表和路線圖；《“十三五”國家信息化規劃》發布，明確提出將數字中國建設取得顯著成效作為我國信息化發展的總目標。

兩年間，信息化發展戰略、國家大數據戰略、“互聯網+”行動計劃等頻密部署，網絡強國基礎夯實。

——基礎設施更加完善，數字化發展鋪就前進道路。

2017年，我國新建光纜線路長度705萬公里，全國光纜線路總長度達3747萬公里，比上年增長23.2%；互聯網寬帶接入端口數量達到7.79億個，增長9.3%。

《推進互聯網協議第六版（IPv6）規模部署行動計劃》印發實施，IPv6規模化部署全面提升。截至2017年12月31日，我國IPv6地址分配總數為23430塊（/32）。

兩年間，移動網絡服務質量和覆蓋範圍持續提升，下一代互聯網發展展現美好前景。

——互聯網創新社會治理手段，電子政務工作駛入快車道。

在福建晉江市國稅局辦稅大廳，財務經理施金星通過自助終端機領取了數十份增值稅專用發票後，深感“原先要花半天的時間變成了幾分鐘，政府服務越來越便捷高效”。

創新服務，利企便民。數據顯示，目前全國政府網站運行總數近3.2萬家；政務新媒體成為溝通社情民意的新渠道。

2017年12月，中央網信辦等部門聯合在北京、上海、江蘇等8省份開展為期2年的國家電子政務綜合試點，探索形成可藉鑑推廣的電子政務發展經驗，更加方便高效的電子政務體驗指日可待。

隨時以舉事，因資而立功，用萬物之能而獲利其上。

黨的十九大製定了面向新時代的發展藍圖，提出要建設網絡強國、數字中國、智慧社會，推動互聯網、大數據、人工智能和實體經濟深度融合，發展數字經濟、共享經濟，培育新增長點、形成新動能。

在浙江，以軟件服務業、物聯網、雲計算、大數據等為主體的數字經濟規模連續3年超萬億元；在脫貧攻堅主戰場的貴州，大數據成為三大發展戰略支撐之一，其經濟增速已連續7年位居全國前列。

一串串數據、一項項成果，折射出近年來我國數字化發展的一系列歷史性成就、歷史性變革。

讓億萬人民在共享互聯網發展成果中有更多獲得感，為建設網絡強國凝聚磅礴力量

每次課程結束，在線培訓教師張帆都會仔細查看“魔鏡系統”對學生上課狀態的分析，並據此調整優化教學方案。

通過這一系統，攝像頭隨時捕捉學生上課時的舉手、練習、聽課、發言等課堂狀態，甚至面部表情的變化，通過多維度量化數據，生成專屬每一個學生的學習報告。

借助數字技術，“有教無類、因材施教”這一歷代先賢嚮往的目標如今正在走入尋常生活。

不再僅僅是網上購物、共享單車，如今，以大數據、雲計算、人工智能為代表的數字技術正日益滲透進中國人生活的方方面面：癌症大數據畫像的構建讓健康夢想更加清晰；“成長守護平台”給未成年人一片更為清朗的網絡空間；5G“超級網速”使屏幕閃現的“加載中”字樣成為歷史……

從互聯網催生的新產品新業態競相湧現，到數字技術將人們想像中的智能新生活變為現實；從出台網絡安全法開啟依法治網新階段，到數字經濟的“大動脈”更加通暢……億萬國人的世界因互聯網而更多彩，百姓的生活因互聯網而更豐富。

推動互聯網發展，用好互聯網的力量，是促進社會進步、增進人民福祉的基礎性工程。

留畬村位於廣東梅州南部的富硒地帶，種茶歷史悠久。但由於地理位置偏僻，交通和信息不暢，留畬茶的銷路一直沒有打開。

自從留畬茶進駐廣東移動電商信息化扶貧平台，實現在線銷售，茶葉滯銷難題迎刃而解。一年來，經“嶺南生活”平台售出的留畬茶多達6000餘斤，單日銷售訂單最高達1423單。

統計顯示，2017年，中國數字經濟規模達27.2萬億元，佔GDP比重達32.9%；電子商務、網絡零售持續增長，電商推動農村消費規模穩步擴大，物流、電信、交通等農村消費基礎設施進一步完善。

“堅持以人民為中心”，數字化發展正不斷滿足人民對美好生活的嚮往，百姓在共享互聯網發展成果上擁有了更多獲得感。

“凡益之道，與時偕行。”

短短20多年時間，從一條網速僅有64千比特每秒的網線出發，如今我國已經擁有7億網民、400多萬家網站，建成了全球最大的4G網絡，網絡零售交易額規模躍居世界第一……一連串的“了不起”，見證了一個網絡大國向網絡強國邁進的鏗鏘足音。

短短兩年間，從網絡提速降費到網絡安全法啟動實施，從連續主辦四屆世界互聯網大會到阿里雲數據中心基本覆蓋全球主要互聯網市場，一系列的“大手筆”，彰顯中國邁向網絡強國的決心與信心。

2017年12月，習近平總書記在十九屆中央政治局第二次集體學習時強調，“審時度勢、精心謀劃、超前佈局、力爭主動”“加快建設數字中國，更好服務我國經濟社會發展和人民生活改善”。

建設數字中國是貫徹落實習近平總書記關於網絡強國戰略思想的重要舉措，是堅持以人民為中心的發展思想、不斷增強人民獲得感的有效途徑，是搶抓發展機遇、加快現代化進程的必然要求。

這是新時代的迫切呼喚，更是新時代中國的堅定宣示。

在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，我國網信事業發展必將在網絡強國的建設中邁出更大步伐，為全面建成小康社會，實現民族偉大復興的中國夢凝聚更加澎湃的創新動力。

Referring URL: http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2018-04/

Red Dragon 1949 / 紅龍1949

Category Archives: Chinese Military Views – 中國軍事觀

中國軍方看外軍網絡戰發展新動向

中國軍隊探索信息戰制勝戰略

中國人民解放軍積極應對智能化作戰挑戰

智能作戰時代的中國軍事高等教育

中國軍方看智能戰制勝機制的演變

中國軍隊著力推進機械化、信息化、智能化融合發展

中國軍隊將切實打好信息化和網絡戰的堅實基礎丨軍事論壇
來源：解放軍日報

了解習近平對“軍民融合”的關注

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中華人民共和國網絡權力實踐

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