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Chinese Military Accelerating Construction of Advanced Combat Capabilities to Effectively Fulfilling Missions and Tasks

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中國軍隊加快建立先進作戰能力，以有效完成任務

現代英語：

Auspicious snow welcomes spring, and flowers bloom. The Great Hall of the People once again welcomes the grand event of spring.

Delegates and members of the National People’s Congress and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference shouldered heavy responsibilities and gathered together to discuss national affairs. This year marks the beginning of the “15th Five-Year Plan”. Faced with the turbulent international situation and the profoundly evolving war pattern, the proposal put forward at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee “accelerating the construction of advanced combat capabilities” has become an important topic of concern to military representatives and members.

“Advanced combat capability represents the most advantageous combat capability in information-based and intelligent warfare, and is the ‘weather vane’ of military construction and the ‘controlling high ground’ of military competition. Only by accelerating the development of advanced combat capabilities with a sense of urgency and responsibility that is outdated can we seize the strategic initiative on future battlefields and effectively fulfill the mission and tasks of the new era.” This is a strong consensus among the military representatives and commissioners. With their personal practice from the front lines of exercises and training, border outposts, and scientific research positions, they demonstrated the high morale and spirit of the People’s Army to anchor its goals, shift gears and speed up, and move towards world-class status.

★ System integration and iron fist

When interviewing Representative Qi Weiguang, he showed reporters two charts: one was the training plan of each military branch in the past “with chimneys”, with the color blocks split and shaped like “isolated islands”; the other was the joint exercise and training blueprint of today “building blocks put together”, with the modules interlocking and seamlessly integrated.

“1+1=1, this is the essence of joint operations! ” Qi Weiguang represents a broken word.

He used a joint long-sea cruise as an example to explain how the system “weather vane” reshapes the battlefield. During the entire operation, the “10,000-ton large-wheel drive” no longer “fights alone”, but has transformed into a “maritime information hub” and a “firepower fulcrum”, sharing data in real time with the Air Force’s early warning aircraft, the Navy’s observation station, and the Army’s long-range firepower, weaving precision “Skynet”.

“Any advanced platform will become an ‘information island’ if it is separated from the system. The ‘contingent’ we must seize is system integration and cross-border collaboration! ” Representative Qi Weiguang said.

Representative Chen Song from a synthetic brigade of the Army felt the same way: “In the past, during exercises, we often encountered the embarrassment of‘ the airspace not being open ’‘the frequency band not being connected’. Now, ‘United’ is engraved with combat instinct!” As one of the Army’s first digital unit commanders, he has a particularly deep understanding of systems “weather vanes”. He opened a thick, already slightly curled-edge book he had with him and said: “Before the attack was launched, the army and aviation opened up access roads and covered artillery firepower, each doing their job and cooperating closely. It used to be better than ‘running fast, playing accurately’, but now it looks like ‘connecting well, counting fast’. In one exercise, we achieved ‘discovery is destruction’ under the guidance of a drone, which was unimaginable in the past.”

“Advanced combat capabilities are generated through practical training. We must prioritize ‘battle’, focus on combat, and strive for practical combat! ” Many military representatives and deputies said that the training plans of the troops are no longer divided by “year”, but by “mission cycle”; the assessment standards are no longer “meter-second ring”, but “contribution rate” and “damage value”. When “discovery means destruction” becomes the norm, whoever can move one step faster in system integration will take the initiative on the battlefield.

From “a single military branch” to “a global vision”, from “physical superposition” to “chemical reactions”, the system-integrated “weather vane” is leading the three armies to clench their fingers into a fist and forge advanced combat capabilities that are both strong and sharp.

★ Challenge the extreme and sharpen the blade

The computer screensaver of Representative Wang Wenyi from the Air Force is a photo of a flight jacket armband. This badly worn armband silently tells the story of his blue-sky powerhouse’s pursuit of pushing boundaries and flying into battle.

“Future wars will be decided quickly. The flight scale must be pushed from the ‘pass line’ to the ‘limit value’, in line with actual combat standards! ” Representative Wang Wenyi showed reporters the achievements of the past year: high-intensity cross-day and night confrontation along the coast, with the number of daily flight hours per aircraft reaching new highs; in complex electromagnetic environments, the third generation of aircraft successfully completed the verification of the extreme penetration of new weapons..

“At first, some people questioned: Will it be too risky? My answer is: There is no ‘safe’ on the battlefield.” Representative Wang Wenyi recalled a scene of a dawn attack. That day, clouds were low, visibility was extremely low, and ground guidance was severely limited.“‘ In blind flight’, you must rely on instruments to maintain the formation and resist strong electromagnetic interference. If you only dare to draw a route in ‘10,000 meters of clear sky’ in peacetime, you will be hit in ‘low clouds and thick fog’ in wartime and your head will be bloodied!” Representative Wang Wenyi said firmly.

“‘Liftoff is combat, takeoff is assault’—— This is the iron rule we set. Not only do we need to take our fighter jets to new heights, but we also need to hone our combat effectiveness in extreme environments!” Representative Wang Wenyi’s words expressed the common voice of military representatives and deputies: Only by seamlessly connecting the training ground to the battlefield can we transform “the limit” into “the extreme” and truly seize the winning heights of the future battlefield.

“The countdown has begun to achieve the goals of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army as scheduled. Time is of the essence and the task is arduous, so we must make every effort to overcome it!” When talking about extreme training, Representative Hou Changling from the Rocket Force has a bright eye.

That year, his unit quickly transitioned to “wartime status” as new and old equipment changed.“ Loading, testing, lighting, everything is done as it should be!” Representative Hou Changling still remembers vividly the scene when he encountered a severe sandstorm for decades during his cross-regional training. That time, they overcame environmental factors and operated accurately, setting a record for shooting accuracy in bad weather!

“Missiles must not only ‘hit out’, but also ‘hit accurately, hit hard, and win’. ” Representative Hou Changling’s tone was sonorous. “Please rest assured, Party and people, the ‘Heavenly Sword’ in our hands can be unsheathed at any time!”

“War does not allow us to choose our opponents, and the battlefield does not allow us to choose the weather and environment. ” Representative Luo Yu from the front line of the border defense told reporters that “Snowland Plateau, the temperature sometimes drops to more than -40 degrees Celsius. In the past, there have been cases of playing in the face of severe cold ‘retreating’ and lowering standards; now, we stipulate that all tactical courses must truly set the battlefield as real, the opponent as strong, the environment as dangerous, and the difficulties as sufficient!”

From “training what to take” to “filling in what is missing”, from “wandering at a low level” to “making new strides every year”, extreme training “weather vane” is forging a strong steel team that can win battles.

★ New domain and new quality plan for breakthroughs

Representative Xu Fengcan from the Army has a wonderful video of an ultra-low-altitude penetration saved on his work computer——

Several attack helicopters used terrain cover to launch raids, launching missiles to accurately destroy the “enemy” armor center, and the group immediately approached the ground and hid in the radar blind spot.

“This is not only a breakthrough in equipment capabilities, but also a breakthrough in the concept of breaking through the flat battlefield and forging ‘three-dimensional iron fist’. ” Representative Xu Fengcan introduced that in the past it was “play whatever you want”, and now it is “develop whatever abilities you play”. In recent years, they have paid close attention to cutting-edge technologies such as drone swarm networks, helicopter laser anti-missile, and manned and unmanned coordination, and have continuously deeply integrated new technologies into the force’s combat system. The goal is to achieve combat effectiveness in ultra-low-altitude penetration, promote the transformation of land and aviation forces from support and support to main combat assault, and ensure that they become a “three-dimensional iron fist” that tears apart the defense line on the future battlefield.

“Silent victory is the submariner’s mission! ” Representative Zhang Hongxing from the Navy’s submarine force gave a vivid picture of his understanding of new-quality combat capabilities.

During a drill, “Blue Army” deployed “dragnet” and “Red Army” submarines, using the thermocline as cover, ghostly crossed the anti-submarine network. At a critical moment, saturation attacks severely damaged “enemy” ship formations..

Representative Zhang Hongxing said: “This drill is an innovation in combat concepts, concealment and damage capabilities. It used to be said ‘to be able to go out and come back’, but now it is even more important ‘to be able to hide, play accurately, and run fast’. Our pursuit is to silently demand combat effectiveness to the limit and make the weapons in our hands become the deep sea ‘the magic needle of the sea’!”

“In modern warfare, whoever masters advanced technology masters the ‘life gate’ on the battlefield. ” A committee member from the Information Support Force and a reporter shared a personal story: a new piece of equipment was once “bottlenecked”. At that time, the Party member commando team “challenged and led” fought day and night and finally broke through the barriers, doubling the performance of the equipment.

“To seize ‘the commanding heights’, one must dare to venture ‘no man’s land’ and be willing to sit ‘cold bench’. Over the years, seeing the new equipment bring back combat power, the joy in my heart is unparalleled!” The Commissioner’s pride is palpable.

As a key force in winning future battlefields, new-quality combat effectiveness is related to the direction of war, construction transformation, and combat victory or defeat. Military representatives and deputies said that in order to seize the commanding heights of new territory and new quality and forge sharp swords to defeat the battlefield in the future, the People’s Army is leading the changes in war with changes in science and technology, and seeking opportunities to win battles with new capabilities, laying a solid foundation for winning the future.

Think about change and prepare for construction

■Guo Fengkuan

At the beginning of the Two Sessions, “accelerating the construction of advanced combat capabilities” became a hot topic among military representatives and deputies. Everyone held discussions and exchanges around the themes of “what will be needed on the battlefield in the future, what will be relied upon to win the war, and what will be practiced based on the current situation”. The construction of advanced combat capabilities plays an important role in changing the winning mechanism of war, enriching combat styles and scenarios, and traction of high-tech weapon manufacturing. To continuously improve the strategic ability to defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests, we need to deeply grasp the internal logic of the generation of advanced combat capabilities, systematically sort out the specific methods and paths to accelerate the construction of advanced combat capabilities, and focus on thinking about changes, construction, and preparations for advanced combat capabilities.

In today’s world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating breakthroughs, and the world’s new military revolution is accelerating. Strategic high-tech technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, and quantum technology are competing to burst forth. The widespread use of science and technology in the military field has caused profound changes in the form of war and combat methods, and is increasingly becoming an important factor in determining the victory or defeat of war.

At present, the evolution of war forms is showing many new trends, and intelligent features are more prominent. Some new technical equipment has formed a dimensionality reduction strike posture against traditional equipment. New-quality combat forces represented by strategic early warning, information control, algorithmic attack and defense, unmanned intelligence, etc. are increasingly becoming an important factor influencing the trend of modern warfare. Under the guidance of military intelligence, new-quality combat forces continue to give birth to combat types with higher efficiency and better quality. Advanced combat capabilities are increasingly becoming a powerful force driving the world’s new military revolution.

Accelerating the construction of advanced combat capabilities is not only an integral part of promoting high-quality national defense and military modernization, but also an important means to achieve the goals of the centenary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army as scheduled. Only by adjusting and optimizing the military force system, accelerating the development of new combat forces, increasing the training of new military talents, and solidly promoting practical military training, and focusing all work on being able to fight and win battles, can the vitality of combat effectiveness elements burst forth and promote the construction of advanced combat effectiveness to a new level.

現代國語：

瑞雪迎春，鲜花吐蕊。人民大会堂再次迎来春天的盛会。

参加全国两会的代表委员肩负重托，齐聚一堂，共商国是。今年是“十五五”开局之年，面对风高浪急的国际形势和深刻演变的战争形态，党的二十届四中全会提出的“加快先进战斗力建设”，成为军队代表委员关注的重要课题。

“先进战斗力代表了信息化智能化战争最具优势的作战能力，是军队建设的‘风向标’和军事竞争的‘制高点’。唯有以时不我待的紧迫感责任感，加快先进战斗力建设，才能在未来战场赢得战略主动，有效履行新时代使命任务。”这是军队代表委员的强烈共识。他们以来自演训一线、边防哨所、科研战位的亲身实践，展现出人民军队锚定目标、换挡提速，向世界一流迈进的昂扬斗志和精神风貌。

★体系融合攥铁拳

采访祁伟光代表时，他向记者展示了两张图表：一张是过去各军种“烟囱林立”的训练计划，色块割裂，形同“孤岛”；另一张是如今“积木拼合”的联合演训蓝图，模块咬合，浑然一体。

“1+1=1，这才是联合作战的精髓！”祁伟光代表一语破的。

他以一次远海联合巡航为例，阐释体系“风向标”如何重塑战场形态。在整个行动期间，“万吨大驱”不再“单打独斗”，而是化身为“海上信息枢纽”与“火力支点”，与空军预警机、海军观通站、陆军远程火力实时共享数据，织就精密“天网”。

“任何先进平台，脱离体系即沦为‘信息孤岛’。我们要抢占的‘制高点’，正是体系融合、跨界协同！”祁伟光代表说。

来自陆军某合成旅的陈松代表对此感同身受：“过去演习，常遇到‘空域未开’‘频段不通’的尴尬。如今，‘联合’已刻入战斗本能！”作为陆军首批数字化部队指挥员，他对体系“风向标”的理解尤为深刻。他翻开随身携带、已经有些卷边的一本厚厚资料说：“进攻发起前，陆航开辟通路、炮兵火力覆盖，各司其职、密切配合。过去比‘跑得快、打得准’，现在看‘联得好、算得快’。一次演习中，我们在无人机引导下实现‘发现即摧毁’，这在过去难以想象。”

“先进战斗力是在实战化训练中生成的，要‘战’字当头，一切向打仗聚焦、一切向实战用劲！”很多军队代表委员表示，现在部队的训练计划，不再按“年度”划分，而是按“任务周期”划分；考核标准，不再是“米秒环”，而是“贡献率”和“毁伤值”。当“发现即摧毁”成为常态，谁能在体系融合中快人一步，谁就掌握了战场的主动权。

从“单一军种”到“全域视野”，从“物理叠加”到“化学反应”，体系融合的“风向标”，正引领三军攥指成拳，锻造披坚执锐的先进战斗力。

★挑战极限砺刀锋

来自空军的王文毅代表的电脑屏保，是一张飞行夹克臂章照片。这个磨损严重的臂章无声诉说着他所在的这支蓝天劲旅突破极限、向战而飞的追求。

“未来战争瞬息决胜，飞行标尺须从‘及格线’推向‘极限值’，向实战标准看齐！”王文毅代表向记者展示了过去一年的成绩：沿海高强度跨昼夜对抗，单机日飞行时数屡创新高；复杂电磁环境下，三代机成功完成新型武器极限突防验证……

“刚开始，也有人质疑：会不会太冒险？我的回答是：战场没有‘保险箱’。”王文毅代表忆及一次拂晓出击的场景。那天，云层低垂，能见度极低，地面引导严重受限。“‘盲飞’中，既要靠仪表保持编队，又要抗强电磁干扰。如果平时只敢在‘万米晴空’上画航线，战时就会在‘低云浓雾’里撞得头破血流！”王文毅代表坚定地说。

“‘升空即作战、起飞即突击’——这是我们立的铁规。不仅要让战机飞出新高度，更要锤炼极限环境下的过硬战斗力！”王文毅代表的话，道出军队代表委员的共同心声：训练场无缝对接战场，方能化“极限”为“极致”，真正抢占未来战场的制胜高点。

“如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标，已进入倒计时。时间紧迫、任务艰巨，唯有全力攻坚！”谈起极限训练，来自火箭军的侯长岭代表目光炯炯。

当年，他所在部队在新老装备更替之际快速转入“战时状态”。“装载、测试、点火，一切皆如实战！”回忆跨区驻训遭遇数十年不遇特大沙尘暴的情景，侯长岭代表记忆犹新。那次，他们克服环境因素精准操作，一举创造恶劣天气射击精度纪录！

“导弹不仅要‘打出去’，更要‘打得准、打得狠、打得赢’。”侯长岭代表语气铿锵，“请党和人民放心，我们手中的‘倚天长剑’，随时能听令出鞘！”

“战争不会让我们选择对手，战场也不会让我们选择天气和环境。”来自边防一线的罗宇代表告诉记者，“雪域高原，气温有时低至零下40多摄氏度。曾经，出现过在严寒面前打‘退堂鼓’、降低标准的情况；现在，我们规定，所有战术课目必须真正做到把战场设真、把对手设强，把环境设险、把困难设足！”

从“考什么练什么”到“缺什么补什么”，从“低层次徘徊”到“岁岁新跨越”，极限训练的“风向标”，正锻造出一支支能打胜仗的钢铁劲旅。

★新域新质谋突破

来自陆军的徐枫灿代表的工作电脑上，保存着一段超低空突防的精彩视频——

数架武装直升机凭借地形掩护突袭，发射导弹精准摧毁“敌”装甲中枢，机群旋即贴近地面隐入雷达盲区。

“这不仅是装备能力的突破，更是打破平面战场、锻造‘立体铁拳’的理念突围。”徐枫灿代表介绍，过去是“有什么打什么”，现在是“打什么就发展什么能力”。这几年，他们密切关注无人机蜂群组网、直升机激光反导、有人无人协同等前沿技术，不断将新技术深度融入部队作战体系，目标就是要向超低空突防要战斗力，推动陆航力量从支援保障转向主战突击，确保在未来战场上成为撕开防线的“立体铁拳”。

“决胜无声，是潜艇兵的使命！”来自海军潜艇部队的张洪星代表对新质战斗力的理解生动形象。

在一次演练中，“蓝军”布下“天罗地网”，“红军”潜艇借温跃层掩护，幽灵般穿越反潜网，关键时刻饱和攻击重创“敌”舰艇编队……

张洪星代表说：“这次演练，是作战理念、隐蔽与毁伤能力的革新。过去讲‘出得去、回得来’，现在更要‘藏得住、打得准、跑得快’。我们的追求，就是向极限静默要战斗力，让手中的武器成为深海‘定海神针’！”

“现代战争，谁掌握了先进技术，谁就掌握了战场的‘命门’。”来自信息支援部队的一名委员和记者分享了一个亲身经历的故事：某新装备曾受“卡脖子”之困。当时，党员突击队“揭榜挂帅”，昼夜奋战，终于突破壁垒，装备性能倍增。

“抢占‘制高点’，要敢闯‘无人区’、甘坐‘冷板凳’。这些年，眼见着新装备焕发战力，内心的喜悦无与伦比！”这位委员的自豪感溢于言表。

作为制胜未来战场的关键力量，新质战斗力关乎战争走向、关乎建设转型、关乎作战胜负。军队代表委员表示，抢占新域新质制高点，锻造决胜未来战场的尖刀利刃，人民军队正以科技之变引领战争之变，以能力之新谋取胜战之机，为制胜未来夯实根基。

思变革　抓建设　做准备

■郭丰宽

两会伊始，“加快先进战斗力建设”成为军队代表委员热议的话题。大家围绕“未来战场要什么、打赢战争靠什么、立足当前练什么”主题，开展讨论交流。先进战斗力建设具有改变战争制胜机理、丰富作战样式场景、牵引高新武器制造等重要作用。不断提高捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益的战略能力，需要深刻把握先进战斗力生成的内在逻辑，系统梳理加快先进战斗力建设的具体方法路径，聚焦先进战斗力思变革、抓建设、做准备。

当今世界，新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速突破，世界新军事革命加速推进，人工智能、大数据、区块链、量子科技等战略高新技术竞相迸发，科学技术在军事领域的广泛运用引起战争形态和作战方式深刻变化，日益成为决定战争胜负的重要因素。

当前，战争形态演变呈现很多新趋势，智能化特征更加突出，一些新的技术装备对传统装备形成降维打击态势，以战略预警、信息控制、算法攻防、无人智能等为代表的新质作战力量愈发成为左右现代战争趋势的重要因素。新质作战力量在军事智能牵引下，不断孕育出效能更高、质态更优的战斗力类型，先进战斗力愈益成为驱动世界新军事革命的强劲力量。

加快推进先进战斗力建设，既是高质量推进国防和军队现代化的题中应有之义，也是如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标的重要抓手。调整优化军事力量体系，加快新型作战力量发展，加大新型军事人才培养力度，扎实推进实战化军事训练，各项工作向能打仗、打胜仗聚焦，方能让战斗力要素的活力竞相迸发，推动先进战斗力建设不断迈上新台阶。

来源：解放军报 作者：钱晓虎 郭丰宽 彭冰洁 责任编辑：徐占虎 2026-03-05

解放军报记者　钱晓虎　郭丰宽　彭冰洁

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/

#collaborative warfare, #cross-domain collaborative operations, #cyber #warfare, #Information Support Force, #mosaic #warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Combat Planning, Command information Systems, Dimensionality Reduction Strikes, Information Support Force, Mosaic Warfare

China’s Contemporary Requirements for Accelerating the Development of Advanced Combat Capabilities

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我國加快發展先進作戰能力的當代要求

現代英語：

Combat effectiveness is the ultimate determining factor in the rise and fall of an army. It not only affects the operational methods and actual effectiveness of armed forces, but also safeguards the survival, security, and long-term stability of a nation and its people. Advanced combat effectiveness is the latest viewpoint on combat effectiveness development put forward by our Party after President Xi Jinping’s profound exposition of the original and iconic concept of “new-type combat effectiveness.” In January 2019, President Xi Jinping pointed out at the Central Military Commission’s military work conference: “We must strengthen the construction of new types of combat forces and increase the proportion of new-type combat effectiveness.” Since then, President Xi has repeatedly discussed this important issue, emphasizing “building a powerful strategic deterrent force system and increasing the proportion of new-type combat forces in new domains” and “promoting the accelerated improvement of new-type combat effectiveness.” It is precisely on the basis of the practical experience of the formation and development of new-type combat effectiveness in our army in the new era that the new idea and new conclusion of “advanced combat effectiveness” has emerged. Advanced combat capability is a higher form of combat capability, led and supported by new-type combat capability. It emphasizes the large-scale, practical, and systematic application of new-type combat capability, focuses on theoretical innovation, intelligent enhancement, system upgrade, intelligence enhancement, and weapon and equipment upgrade. It also includes the upgrading and creative application of traditional combat capability. It is the evolution of the form, capacity expansion, and quality upgrade of new-type combat capability.

　　Advanced combat capabilities represent the development trend of military transformation, military intelligence, and military combat methods. They are a new growth point for combat power and a commanding height on the future battlefield. The “Suggestions of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development” (hereinafter referred to as the “Suggestions”), adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, is based on the overall strategic situation of China’s modernization. It makes arrangements for achieving the centenary goal of the People’s Liberation Army on schedule and promoting the modernization of national defense and the armed forces with high quality. It proposes “accelerating the construction of advanced combat capabilities,” pointing out the direction and providing a benchmark for achieving the centenary goal of the People’s Liberation Army on schedule and further improving the quality and efficiency of national defense and military modernization from a new starting point. We must thoroughly study and understand the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, deeply comprehend the firm will and far-sighted planning of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in building a consolidated national defense and a powerful army, and continuously creating a new situation in the cause of building a strong military in the new era. We must profoundly grasp the requirements of the times for accelerating the construction of advanced combat capabilities, actively seize the commanding heights of military struggle, seek new advantages in military competition, focus on advanced combat capabilities to think about reforms, grasp construction, and make preparations, promote the work of preparing for war in the new era to go deeper and more practical, and continuously improve the strategic capability to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

　　Advanced combat capabilities are proposed based on a profound understanding of global military development trends, the leapfrog development of new-type productive forces, and the laws governing the modernization of the armed forces.

　　President Xi Jinping pointed out: “For a country and a nation to revitalize, it must advance in the logic of historical progress and develop in the trend of the times.” Advanced combat capability is an original and iconic concept of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military. It is a scientific deployment made by the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, which has keenly grasped the trends of world military development and the laws governing the evolution of warfare, deeply understood the new situation of efficient integration and two-way driving between new-type productive forces and new-type combat capabilities, and scientifically grasped the achievements, historical position, and mission of national defense and military modernization in the new era.

　　The development of the new military revolution and the evolution of warfare are powerfully driving changes in combat capabilities. In today’s world, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, and the new military revolution is progressing rapidly. Strategic high-tech fields such as artificial intelligence, network information, big data, blockchain, quantum technology, biotechnology, and nanomaterials are emerging in rapid succession. The widespread application of science and technology in the military field has profoundly changed the nature of warfare and combat methods, increasingly becoming a crucial factor in determining victory or defeat. The evolution of warfare is showing many new trends, with increasingly prominent intelligent characteristics. Some new technologies and equipment are creating a disruptive advantage over traditional equipment. New types of combat forces, represented by strategic early warning, information control, algorithmic attack and defense, and unmanned intelligence, are increasingly becoming important forces shaping the modern battlefield. Thanks to the rapid advancements in technologies such as artificial intelligence and military robots, the “autonomous capabilities” of weapons and equipment—including autonomous battlefield perception, autonomous combat decision-making, autonomous planning, and autonomous action—are becoming increasingly stronger, elevating them from “execution tools” to “intelligent nodes.” The deep integration of drones and artificial intelligence recognition technology has resulted in a “long-range pursuit” deterrent effect. The coordinated use of firepower strikes and cyberattacks is creating an integrated hardware and software offensive system with full-domain coverage. Driven by military intelligence, new types of combat capabilities are constantly emerging, with higher efficiency and superior quality. Advanced combat capabilities are increasingly becoming a powerful force driving the new military revolution in the world.

　　The vigorous development of new-type productive forces is driving the upgrading and improvement of combat capabilities. The generation and upgrading of any combat capability is the application and extension of productive forces in the military field under a certain social structure. New-type productive forces are advanced productive forces characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, with innovation playing a leading role. They represent the most active, technologically advanced, promising, and influential productive force in contemporary society. The rapid development of new-type productive forces provides advanced science and technology and a solid material foundation for the generation of new-type combat capabilities, while also providing the driving force and support for their upgrading and transformation, becoming a key variable in reshaping the form of warfare, reconstructing combat systems, and reorganizing command elements. New-type combat capabilities originate from breakthroughs in key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, and disruptive technologies. They rely on emerging technological means and advanced combat concepts, fully embedding information technology genes and integrating into networked systems. Utilizing new technologies, new equipment, and new tactics, they enable military systems to exhibit new advantages such as strategic guidance, information empowerment, network aggregation, technological strength, and systemic energy release. With the rapid development and widespread application of new-type combat capabilities, the advanced combat capability form they dominate will inevitably emerge, becoming a powerful engine for promoting the transformation and development of modern military systems.

　　The significant achievements in national defense and military modernization in the new era have laid a solid foundation for advanced combat capabilities. Since the beginning of the new era, President Xi Jinping, based on the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the unprecedented changes in the world, has used the goal of building a strong military to examine and guide the construction of combat capabilities, promoting the vigorous development of all elements of combat capabilities. The reform of national defense and the military has been deepened, forming a new pattern of overall command by the Central Military Commission, combat command by the theater commands, and development by the services. New combat force systems, such as the military aerospace force, cyberspace force, and information support force, have been established and adjusted, achieving a holistic and revolutionary reshaping of the organizational structure and force system. The development of strategic emerging industries and new combat forces has been promoted in a coordinated manner, yielding a series of significant results. The modernization of weaponry has been accelerated, with new fourth-generation equipment, represented by new tanks, carrier-based aircraft, and fighter jets, being deployed to the troops. Major national weapons, represented by the “Dongfeng-5C” liquid-fueled intercontinental strategic nuclear missile, have been showcased at military parades. The first electromagnetic catapult-equipped aircraft carrier, the Fujian, has officially entered service. The strategy of strengthening the military through talent has been implemented in depth, and high-quality, professional, and new-type military personnel are rapidly growing. These revolutionary advancements and historic achievements in the new era have enabled new combat capabilities to continuously accumulate momentum and be optimized and upgraded from concept to planning to practice, providing a solid fertile ground for the birth of advanced combat capabilities through military practice.

　　Advanced combat capabilities possess distinct characteristics of the times, innovation, and dialectical nature.

　　President Xi Jinping pointed out: “The military must be prepared to fight, and all work must adhere to the standard of combat effectiveness, focusing on the ability to fight and win wars.” Looking back on history, our military has grown from small to large, from weak to strong, and has continuously moved from victory to victory. A crucial lesson learned is the consistent emphasis on combat effectiveness development, the dynamic upgrading of combat capabilities, and the measurement of development effectiveness using actual combat standards. With technological progress and the development of the times, the form of warfare is rapidly evolving, and the connotation, elements, and characteristics of combat effectiveness are constantly undergoing new changes. Only by actively adapting to the development trend of the military revolution and keenly grasping the pulse of the times and the strong demands of combat effectiveness evolution can we clarify what kind of wars we will fight and how we will fight them, anchor the logical basis of war preparation, and accurately identify the direction of the military’s combat effectiveness development. Advanced combat effectiveness is an important concept proposed by President Xi Jinping in leading the modernization of national defense and the military, based on building a new type of military force system, accelerating the construction of new-quality combat effectiveness, improving the quality and efficiency of winning battles, and fulfilling missions and tasks to a high standard. It possesses distinct characteristics of timeliness, innovation, and dialectical thinking.

　　Advanced combat capabilities embody the development direction of military intelligence. Currently, adhering to the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligence, with mechanization as the foundation, informatization as the support, and intelligence as the guide, is an important path for our military to advance modernization. Traditional combat capabilities are based on mechanical and chemical energy, emphasizing the superposition of personnel, weapons, and forces, and focusing on the struggle for physical space such as land, sea, air, and space. New-type combat capabilities, based on traditional combat capabilities, rely more on new energy sources such as data, algorithms, and computing power, emphasizing the implantation of data elements, algorithmic elements, and cross-domain elements, and focusing on defeating the enemy in emerging fields such as the network domain, information domain, and cognitive domain. Advanced combat capabilities adapt to the new trend of future warfare leaping from “energy-dominated” to “information-dominated” and then to “intelligence-dominated.” They not only focus on the “new quality” composition of combat capabilities and emphasize the leading role of new-type combat capabilities, but also focus on the “superiority” of the application effectiveness of new-type combat capabilities, giving full play to their scale, combat realism, and systemic effects, and emphasizing the use of military intelligence to transform the combat capability generation structure and continuously improve the intelligence level of combat capabilities.

　　Advanced combat capability signifies a comprehensive iterative upgrade of all elements of combat capability. Essentially, advanced combat capability is high-quality combat capability, driven by innovation, empowered by technology, and enhanced by intelligence, exhibiting prominent characteristics such as high intelligence, high technology, high quality, and high integration. On the one hand, advanced combat capability requires a comprehensive iterative upgrade of all constituent elements of combat capability, ensuring that the soul of military theory, the structure of organizational form, the core of military personnel, and the support of weaponry fully implement the principles of quality first and efficiency priority, promoting quality transformation, efficiency transformation, and power transformation, and driving the widespread penetration and deep empowerment of intelligent technology into people, weapons, and their integration methods, thereby generating advanced combat capability through comprehensive element optimization. On the other hand, advanced combat capability relies more heavily on the integrated linkage of the entire military system, transforming the way combat capability is released from “points” to “areas,” the presentation of effectiveness from fragmented to aggregated, and the human-machine relationship from “master-slave cooperation” to “intelligent symbiosis,” optimizing the entire military system’s output and release efficiency of combat capability, and using the “superiority” of the system structure to generate “strength” in combat capability.

　　Advanced combat capabilities embody a materialist dialectical approach to military thinking. Advanced combat capabilities are not fixed, static, or passive. They are relative, representing a lead over stronger adversaries, possessing a clear advantage of being one step ahead, one point ahead, and one unit faster than the enemy. Advanced combat capabilities are dynamic; all “advanced” capabilities are evolving, a process of advanced technology leading tradition and new technologies transforming old ones. Today’s advancement does not guarantee tomorrow’s, and temporary advancement does not guarantee permanent advancement. From the perspective of ultimate operational effectiveness, “advanced” capabilities necessarily mean high efficiency defeating low efficiency, high quality crushing low quality, and strong military intelligence surpassing weak military intelligence. Advanced combat capabilities possess agency, exhibiting initiative that is not subject to external control, the ability to leverage strengths and avoid weaknesses, and the flexibility, resilience, and dynamism to adapt to the latest military developments and changes in the war environment. The original and iconic concept of advanced combat capability creatively reveals the dialectical unity of advanced and backward, quality and scale, and initiative and passivity in the generation of military capabilities. It profoundly reveals the general laws of combat capability generation, development and leap, expands the new vision of military theory, deepens the new understanding of military theory, realizes the innovative transformation and systematic reform of the constituent elements of combat capability, and opens up a new path for liberating and developing combat capability.

　　The concept of advanced combat capability represents a breakthrough in multiple aspects of the history of military theory development.

　　Standing at the forefront of the times, President Xi has profoundly grasped the laws governing the military transformation and the evolution of modern warfare in the new era. He has made theoretical innovations in combat capability building, enriched and developed the Marxist theoretical system on combat capability building, promoted the theoretical innovation and transformation of the Party’s combat capability form, transcended the logical limitations of Western theories on combat capability generation, and achieved multiple strategic value breakthroughs in the history of military thought and the history of military theory development.

　　This has enriched and developed the Marxist theoretical system on combat capability building. Marx and Engels profoundly understood the intrinsic connection between military and political, economic, and other social factors, scientifically grasped the essence and laws of military activities, and emphasized that “the nature and type of armed forces, as well as their characteristics, equipment, and tactics, and the organization and training methods of the troops, depend on the level of development of productive forces, on the social system, and on the class structure of society.” They formed a theoretical understanding of the constituent elements of military combat capability and the laws governing their generation and development, providing scientific guidance for the proletarian party to build its own armed forces and improve its combat capability. President Xi Jinping adheres to the Marxist military view and methodology, based on the new characteristics of the times and the new realities of the PLA’s development, and has put forward a series of concepts and propositions such as “science and technology are the core combat capability of modern warfare,” “scientific military theory is combat capability,” and “new-quality combat capability.” He scientifically revealed the generation mode and evolution law of combat capability under the conditions of the information and intelligent era, leading the PLA’s combat capability to achieve a new leap forward and enriching and developing the Marxist military theoretical conceptual system.

　　This has driven the innovation and transformation of the Party’s theory on combat effectiveness. Throughout the history of building and strengthening the People’s Liberation Army, our Party has always attached great importance to improving the army’s combat effectiveness. During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, our Party raised the issue of “improving the combat effectiveness of the main force,” and in practice, maintained strong combat effectiveness through extremely insightful strategic guidance, flexible strategies and tactics, rigorous training, and courageous spirit. On the eve of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Comrade Mao Zedong clearly pointed out: “The People’s Liberation Army will always be a fighting force.” In the new era of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out that “the army must improve its combat effectiveness,” leading our army to continuously develop its combat effectiveness through streamlining, reorganization, reform, and strengthened training. With the continuous liberation and development of productive forces, our Party emphasized “using science and technology to promote training” and “using science and technology to train troops,” promoting new improvements in combat effectiveness. Entering the new era, President Xi Jinping scientifically grasped the trend of implementing the new development philosophy and developing new-quality productive forces, focusing on achieving the Party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era. Based on emphasizing firmly establishing combat effectiveness as the sole fundamental standard, he put forward scientific conclusions such as “strengthening the construction of new types of combat forces” and “fully liberating and developing new-quality combat effectiveness,” providing important guidance for the iterative upgrading of our army’s combat effectiveness. “Advanced combat capability” is a condensation, sublimation, and innovative development of the Party’s historical experience in building combat capability. It enriches the scientific theory of the Party’s military combat capability in the new era and has become a new concept and category with great guiding significance and ideological power in Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military. It lays a solid foundation for the systematization, physics, and chemistry of the Party’s military theory in the new era.

　　This transcends the logical limitations of Western theories of combat power generation. Engels profoundly pointed out that “the entire organization and mode of warfare of an army, and the outcome of battles related to it, depend on material, i.e., economic conditions,” which laid the historical materialist methodological foundation for combat power research. However, for a long time, technology worship and the “weaponry determinism” were prevalent in the issue of combat power construction, leading to the misconception that combat power was only about “things” and not “people.” For example, the US military once used technological superiority to completely defeat many weaker adversaries, but its “military transformation” frequently fell into the logic of “replacing combat platforms” with old weapons. The concept of advanced combat capability, starting from the foundation of new-type combat capability, uses “new” to identify technological breakthroughs, “quality” to characterize qualitative changes in combat capability structure, and “combat effectiveness” to measure the effectiveness of combat capability construction and application. It strengthens the ecosystem of combat capability generation, integrates theory, data, algorithms, talent, and organization into the productivity and combat capability fusion system, shifts the focus of combat capability from weapons competition to system confrontation, reshapes the underlying logic of combat capability generation, and forms a combat capability generation theory with Chinese characteristics. It effectively gets rid of the misconceptions of combat capability generation such as over-reliance on technology and materials, and the separation of political goals from military means, and lays a solid foundation for building China’s independent military knowledge system.

　　Scientifically construct an advanced combat capability generation, development, and maintenance system

　　President Xi Jinping emphasized: “Improving the operational efficiency of the military system and promoting the high-quality development of our armed forces.” The theme of my country’s economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period is promoting high-quality development. This is not only an inevitable choice for developing new productive forces on the new journey, but also an inevitable principle for strengthening advanced combat capabilities. We must thoroughly implement Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, deeply understand the deployment requirements of the “Suggestions,” accurately grasp the phased characteristics of the next five years and even longer, highlight the theme of promoting high-quality development, consistently uphold and strengthen the Party’s absolute leadership over the military, advance political building of the military, reform and strengthening of the military, technological strengthening of the military, talent strengthening of the military, and rule of law in the military, uphold principles and innovate in the overall planning of advanced combat capability building, construct a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics, continuously improve combat capabilities, and enhance the strategic capability to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

　　We must persist in promoting the high-quality development of all elements of combat capability. In future warfare, with the continuous strengthening of new domain and new quality forces and the rapid development of technologies such as unmanned and intelligent systems, combat capability generation will exhibit a trend of comprehensive upgrading, presenting new characteristics such as three-dimensional, mobile, and efficiency-oriented optimization. We must focus on the new trends in the development of warfare, accelerate the modernization of military theory, earnestly implement President Xi Jinping’s important expositions on combat capability building, analyze the winning mechanisms of informationized and intelligent warfare, and promote the flourishing development of core combat capability theories such as military strategy, operational thinking, and military modernization. Adapting to the significantly enhanced overall, coordinated, and complex nature of military system operations, we must ensure the implementation of reform tasks, continuously optimize the military force system, and do a good job in modernizing military governance to improve the efficiency of combat capability extraction and aggregation. We must combine investment in materials with investment in people, adhere to the principle of cultivating, evaluating, and utilizing talent from a political perspective, build a military talent pool adapted to the requirements of intelligent warfare, further accelerate the development of advanced weaponry and equipment, improve the intelligence level of weaponry and equipment, implement major national defense development projects, expedite national defense science and technology innovation and the transformation of advanced technologies, and develop and build more “killer” weapons and equipment capable of defeating the enemy.

　　Make good use of military intelligence as a powerful engine for upgrading combat capabilities. With breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, the trend of human society moving from informatization to intelligence is also reflected in the military field. The “mast” of military intelligence has appeared on the “sea level” of the evolution of warfare, and information warfare with intelligent characteristics is beginning to take shape. It is imperative to accelerate the coordinated construction and application of network information systems. Networks are the carriers and channels of information and intelligence; under modern warfare conditions, network information systems have become a core support. We must coordinate the construction and application of network information systems, strengthen the development and utilization of data resources, achieve interconnection and interoperability between combat units and various weapon systems, build a distributed, reconfigurable, and resilient combat network, and accelerate the improvement of network information system construction and service support capabilities for combat readiness. It is also imperative to build an intelligent military system, accelerate the transformation and application of cutting-edge technologies in the field of artificial intelligence to the military, accelerate the construction of unmanned intelligent combat forces and countermeasure capabilities, and enable military intelligence to better and faster integrate into, drive, and empower the system.

　　Cultivating the integrated development of new-type productive forces is the lifeblood of combat capability building. In today’s world, the technological revolution, industrial transformation, and military revolution are accelerating, and national strategic competitiveness, social productivity, and military combat capability are becoming increasingly interconnected, mutually influential, and mutually supportive. Promoting the efficient integration and two-way synergy between new-type productive forces and new-type combat capabilities is a fundamental requirement for achieving the unity of a prosperous nation and a strong military, and it is the lifeblood of accelerating the development of advanced combat capabilities. We must innovate the models of combat capability building and application, actively guide the direction of new-type productive forces and new-type combat capabilities according to the needs of military struggle, improve and perfect institutional mechanisms for demand alignment, planning coordination, and resource sharing, highlight the top priority of promoting strategic capabilities in emerging fields, vigorously promote the development and integrated application of new types of military talent, new types of combat equipment, new organizational forms, and new tactics, continuously consolidate the material foundation for social production to serve future warfare, accelerate the supply of new-type combat capabilities, and ensure that wartime military combat capabilities and social productivity are effectively focused and precisely released on the battlefield, so as to win future wars with a strong and sustainable overall national strength.

　　Emphasizing realistic combat training as a crucial lever for catalyzing combat effectiveness is essential. Realistic combat training serves as a bridge and means to achieve efficient integration of personnel, weaponry, and organizational systems. It possesses a strong capacity for integrating and transforming various resources and elements involved in combat capability generation, and is a vital pathway for generating, developing, and strengthening advanced combat capabilities. President Xi Jinping, with profound insight into the key to developing advanced combat capabilities, has called for “strengthening the consistency between combat and training, adhering to the principle of training guided by combat and promoting combat through training, ensuring training according to actual combat requirements, and achieving the integration of operations and training,” and “improving the level of full-cycle, refined training management,” thus pointing out the “realistic” path for generating advanced combat capabilities. It is necessary to deepen strategic and operational planning, solidly advance realistic combat military training, strengthen the integration of combat capability systems, innovate combat capability construction and application models, vigorously carry out modern training in conjunction with combat readiness building, joint exercises and training, and the application of diversified military forces, strengthen targeted and confrontational training, and continuously improve the combat capabilities of the troops.

　　(The author is a researcher at the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era Research Center of the National Defense University.)

　　People’s Daily (November 17, 2025, Page 9)

現代國語：

戰鬥力是一支軍隊興衰成敗的最終決定力量，不僅影響武裝力量的作戰方式和實際效能，更維繫著一個國家和一個民族的生存安全和長治久安。先進戰鬥力，是習主席深刻論述「新質戰鬥力」這個原創性概念標識性概念之後，我們黨提出的關於戰鬥力建設的最新觀點。 2019年1月，習主席在中央軍委會軍事工作會議中指出：「要加強新型作戰力量建設，增加新質戰鬥力比重。」此後，習主席多次論述這一重要問題，強調「打造強大戰略威懾力量體系，增加新域新質作戰力量比重」「推動新質戰鬥力加速提升」等。正是在新時代我軍新質戰鬥力形成發展的實踐基礎上，「先進戰鬥力」這個新思想新論斷應運而生。先進戰鬥力是更高級形態的戰鬥力，以新質戰鬥力為引領和支撐，強調新質戰鬥力的規模化、實戰化、體系化運用，注重理論創新、智能加持、體系升級、才智升維、武器裝備升級，同時還包括對傳統戰鬥力的升級改造和創造性運用，是新質戰鬥力的形態升級和容量、質量升級。

先進戰力代表軍事變革、軍事智慧和軍事作戰方式的發展趨勢，是戰鬥力的新增長點、未來戰場的製高點。黨的二十屆四中全會通過的《中共中央關於製定國民經濟和社會發展第十五個五年規劃的建議》（以下簡稱《建議》），立足中國式現代化戰略全局，對如期實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標、高質量推進國防和軍隊現代化作出部署，提出“加快建設戰力建設目標”，為在新世界建設方向上提供了現代優勢、標準建設目標、建設發展能力建設目標、建設發展了一百年總發展在新軍隊起點。我們要深入學習領會黨的二十屆四中全會精神，深刻領悟以習近平同志為核心的黨中央建設鞏固國防和強大軍隊、不斷開創新時代強軍事業新局面的堅定意志和深謀遠慮，深刻把握加快先進戰鬥力建設的時代要求，積極搶佔軍事鬥爭制高點、謀取軍事競爭發展新優勢，聚焦先進戰鬥力思變革、抓建設、做準備，推動新時代備戰打仗工作走深走實，不斷提高捍衛國家主權、安全、發展利益戰略能力。

先進戰力是深刻洞察世界軍事發展趨勢、新質生產力躍升態勢和軍隊現代化發展規律提出的

習主席指出：「一個國家、一個民族要振興，就必須在歷史前進的邏輯中前進、在時代發展的潮流中發展。」先進戰鬥力，是習近平強軍思想的原創性概念標識性概念，是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央敏銳掌握世界軍事發展趨勢與戰爭形態演變規律，深刻洞察新質生產力與新質戰鬥力高效融合、雙向拉動嶄新態勢，科學掌握新時代國防與軍隊現代化發展成就、歷史方位與使命任務所作的科學部署。

世界新軍事革命發展與戰爭形態演變強勁推動戰鬥力形態變革。當今世界，新一輪科技革命和產業變革加速突破，世界新軍事革命加速推進，人工智慧、網路資訊、大數據、區塊鏈、量子科技、生物交叉、奈米材料等戰略高新技術群體迸發，科學技術在軍事領域的廣泛運用引起了戰爭形態和作戰方式深刻變化，日益成為決定戰爭勝負的重要因素。戰爭形態演變呈現許多新趨勢，智能化特徵更加突出，一些新的技術裝備對傳統裝備形成降維打擊態勢，以戰略預警、資訊控制、演算法攻防、無人智能等為代表的新質作戰力量愈發成為左右現代戰場的重要力量。憑藉著人工智慧和軍用機器人等技術的快速進步，武器裝備的自主戰場感知、自主作戰決策、自主規劃計畫、自主採取行動等「自主能力」越來越強，從「執行工具」升維成「智慧節點」。無人機與人工智慧辨識技術深度融合，出現「千里追殺」震懾效果。火力打擊與網電攻擊有序配合，打造出軟硬一體、全域覆蓋的進攻體系。新質戰鬥力在軍事智慧牽引下，不斷孕育效能更高、質態更優的戰鬥力類型，先進戰鬥力癒益成為驅動世界新軍事革命的強勁力量。

新質生產力的蓬勃發展連動拉升戰鬥力建設提質升級。任何戰鬥力的生成、升級，都是一定社會形態下生產力在軍事領域的運用與延伸。新質生產力是創新起主導作用，具有高科技、高效、高品質特徵的先進生產力質態，是當今社會創新最活躍、技術最前沿、前景最廣闊、影響最廣泛的生產力構成。新質生產力的快速發展，既為新質戰鬥力生成提供了先進科學技術和雄厚物質基礎，也為其提供了升級換代的牽引力、支撐力，成為重塑戰爭形態、重建作戰體系、重組指揮要素的關鍵變數。新質戰鬥力源自關鍵共通技術、前沿引領技術與顛覆性技術創新突破，依托新興科技手段與先進作戰理念，全要素植入資訊化基因、融進網路化體系，運用新科技、新裝備、新戰法，使軍事體系呈現出謀略導能、資訊賦能、網路聚能、科技強能、體系釋能等新優勢。隨著新質戰鬥力的快速發展和廣泛運用，由其主導的先進戰鬥力形態必然顯現出來，成為推動現代軍事體系變革發展的有力引擎。

新時代國防與軍隊現代化重大成就奠定先進戰鬥力厚實基礎。新時代以來，習主席立足中華民族偉大復興戰略全局和世界百年未有之大變局，用強軍目標審視和牽引戰鬥力建設，推動戰力各要素的活力競相迸發。深化國防與軍事改革，形成軍委管總、戰區主戰、軍種主建新格局，先後組成調整軍事太空部隊、網路太空部隊、資訊支援部隊等新型作戰力量體系，實現了組織架構和力量體系整體性、革命性重塑。統籌推動戰略性新興產業和新型作戰力量發展，取得一系列重大成果。加速武器裝備更新換代，以新型戰車、艦載機、殲擊機等為代表的新型四代裝備列裝部隊，以「東風—5C」液體洲際戰略核子飛彈等為代表的大國重器亮相閱兵場，首艘電磁彈射型航母福建艦正式入列。人才強軍戰略深入實施，高素質專業化新型軍事人才加速成長。新時代這些革命性進展和歷史性成就，使新質戰鬥力由概念到規劃、到實踐，不斷累積成勢、優化升級，為先進戰鬥力誕生提供了堅實的軍事實踐沃土。

先進戰鬥力具有鮮明的時代性、創新性、辯證性

習主席指出：「軍隊是要準備打仗的，一切工作都必須堅持戰鬥力標準，向能打仗、打勝仗聚焦。」回顧歷史，我軍從小到大、由弱到強，不斷從勝利走向勝利，一條重要經驗，就是始終注重戰鬥力建設，推進作戰能力動態衡量，用實戰標準建設成效。隨著科技進步和時代發展，戰爭形態加速演變，戰鬥力內涵、要素和特徵不斷發生新的變化。只有積極適應軍事革命發展趨勢，敏銳掌握戰鬥力演變的時代脈動和強勁需求，才能明晰未來打什麼仗、怎麼打仗，錨定戰爭準備的邏輯基點，找準軍隊戰鬥力發展方向。先進戰鬥力，就是習主席在領導國防和軍隊現代化的時代征程中，基於打造新型軍事力量體系、加速新質戰鬥力建設、提高勝戰能力質效、高標準履行使命任務提出的重要概念，具有鮮明的時代性、創新性、辯證性等特徵。

先進戰力體現軍事智慧化的發展方向。目前，堅持機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，以機械化為基礎，以資訊化為支撐，以智能化為引領，是我軍推進現代化的重要路徑。傳統戰鬥力以機械能、化學能為基底，注重人員、武器、力量疊加，聚焦陸海空天等實體空間爭奪。新質戰鬥力在傳統戰力基礎上，更依托數據、演算法、算力等新型能量，注重資料要素、演算法要素、跨域要素植入，聚焦網路域、資訊域、認知域等新興領域制敵謀勝。先進戰鬥力順應未來戰爭將從「能量主導」向「資訊主導」再向「智慧主導」躍遷的新趨勢，不僅關注戰鬥力的「新質」構成，強調新質戰鬥力發揮主導地位，更關注新質戰鬥力的應用效能之“優”，發揮其規模化、實戰化、體系化戰力提升

先進戰鬥力意味著戰鬥力全要素迭代升級。先進戰鬥力本質上是高品質戰鬥力，依靠創新驅動、科技賦能、智能加持，具有高智能、高科技、高品質、高度整合等突出特徵。一方面，先進戰鬥力要求戰鬥力構成諸要素全面迭代升級，使軍事理論這個靈魂、組織形態這個結構、軍事人員這個核心、武器裝備這個支撐全面貫徹質量第一、質效優先導向，推動質量變革、效率變革、動力變革，推動智能技術對人、武器及其結合方式廣泛滲透和深度賦能，以全要素優化生成先進戰鬥力。另一方面，先進戰鬥力更依託於整個軍事體系一體聯動，使戰鬥力釋放方式由「點」向「面」轉變，效能呈現由條塊化向聚合化轉變，人機關係從「主從配合」向「智慧共生」變革，使整個軍事系統對戰鬥力的產出最優、釋放效能最佳，以體系結構之「優異」化。

先進戰鬥力蘊含著唯物辯證的軍事思維方法。先進戰鬥力不是固化的、靜止的、被動的。先進戰鬥力具有相對性，是相對強敵對手的領先性，有著先敵一步、勝敵一籌、快敵一分的明顯優勢。先進戰鬥力具有動態性，所有的「先進」都是發展著的，是先進引領傳統、新質改造舊質的過程，今天的先進不等於明天的先進，一時先進不等於永遠先進；「先進」從作戰的最終能效上講，必然是高效能戰勝低效能，高質量碾壓低質量，強軍事智能化勝過弱軍事智能化。先進戰鬥力具有主體性，既有不受制於人的主動性，又有善於揚長避短、積極進取的主動性，以及適應軍事最新發展、戰爭環境變化的彈性、堅韌、活力等特徵。先進戰鬥力這個原創性概念標識性概念的提出，創造性揭示了軍事能力生成中先進與落後、質量與規模、主動與被動等辯證統一關係，深刻揭示了戰鬥力生成、發展和躍升的一般規律，拓展了軍事理論新視域，深化了對軍事理論的新認識，實現了對戰鬥力構成要素的創新變革和系統發展，新解放和解放路徑。

先進戰力概念在軍事理論發展史上實現多重突破

習主席站在時代前沿，深刻把握新時代軍事變革和現代戰爭形態演變規律，對戰鬥力構建進行理論創新，豐富發展了馬克思主義關於戰鬥力構建理論體系，推動了黨的戰鬥力形態理論創新變革，超越了西方戰鬥力生成理論的邏輯局限，在軍事思想史、軍事理論發展史中實現多重戰略價值突破史中實現多重戰略價值。

豐富發展了馬克思主義關於戰鬥力建構理論體系。馬克思、恩格斯深刻洞察軍事與政治、經濟等社會因素的內在聯繫，科學把握軍事活動的本質和規律，強調“武裝力量的性質和類型以及它們的特點、裝備和戰術，部隊的編制和訓練方法，取決於生產力發展的水平，取決於社會制度和社會的階級結構”，並形成軍隊戰鬥力構成了黨及其生成發展規律的理論。習主席堅持馬克思主義軍事觀和方法論，立足新的時代特徵和我軍發展的新實際，提出「科技是現代戰爭的核心戰鬥力」「科學的軍事理論就是戰鬥力」「新質戰力」等一系列概念和命題，科學揭示了資訊性智能化時代條件下戰力生成模式及新質戰力」等一系列概念和命題，科學揭示了資訊化智能化時代條件下戰力生成模式及新質戰力」等一系列概念和命題，科學揭示了資訊化智能化時代條件下戰力生成模式及新質戰力道變新法力道學概念。

推動了黨的戰鬥力形態理論創新變革。在人民軍建軍強軍的歷程中，我們黨始終十分注重提升軍隊戰鬥力。在新民主主義革命時期，我們黨提出「提高主力軍的戰鬥力」問題，並在實踐中以極為高明的戰略指導、機動靈活的戰略戰術、刻苦訓練和勇敢精神，保持了強大戰鬥力。毛澤東同志在新中國成立前夕明確指出：“人民解放軍永遠是一個戰鬥隊。”在改革開放和社會主義現代化建設新時期，鄧小平同志指出“軍隊要提高戰鬥力”，領導我軍通過精簡、整頓、改革和強化訓練等不斷發展戰鬥力。隨著不斷解放和發展生產力，我們黨強調“科技興訓”“科技練兵”，推動戰鬥力建設有了新的提高。進入新時代，習主席科學把握貫徹新發展理念、發展新質生產力的時代大勢，著眼實現黨在新時代的強軍目標，在強調牢固樹立戰鬥力這個唯一的根本的標準基礎上，提出“加強新型作戰力量建設”“充分解放和發展新質戰鬥力”等科學論斷，為我軍戰鬥力迭代升級提供重要引領。 「先進戰鬥力」是對黨的戰鬥力建設歷史經驗的凝練昇華和創新發展，豐富了新時代黨的軍事戰鬥力形態科學理論，成為習近平強軍思想中極具引領性和思想力的新概念新範疇，為新時代黨的軍事理論的體系化學理化奠定堅實基礎。

超越了西方戰鬥力生成理論的邏輯限制。恩格斯深刻指出“軍隊的全部組織和作戰方式以及與之有關的勝負，取決於物質的即經濟的條件”，這為戰鬥力研究奠定了歷史唯物主義方法論基礎。但在戰鬥力建構問題上，很長一段時間，技術崇拜、「武器裝備決定論」等很有市場，出現了論戰鬥力只見「物」不見「人」的誤解。例如，美軍曾以技術代差，完敗很多弱小對手，其「軍事轉型」卻頻繁陷入從舊武器到新武器的「作戰平台替換」邏輯。先進戰鬥力概念，堅持從新質戰鬥力的基點出發，以「新」標識技術突變，以「質」表徵戰鬥力結構質變，以「作戰質效」衡量戰鬥力建設運用效果，強化戰鬥力生成的生態體系，將理論、數據、演算法、人才、組織納入生產力、戰鬥力融合拉動體系，把戰鬥力重心從武器比拼轉向體系對抗，重塑了戰鬥力生成底層邏輯，形成了具有中國特色的戰鬥力生成理論，有效擺脫那些過度依賴技術與物質、政治目標與軍事手段相脫離等戰鬥力生成的誤區，為構建中國自主的軍事知識體系打下堅實的軍事知識體系。

科學建構先進戰鬥力生成、建構與維護體系

習主席強調：「提升軍事系統運作效能，推動我軍高品質發展。」「十五五」時期我國經濟社會發展的主題是推動高品質發展，這不僅是新旅程發展新質生產力的必然選擇，也是加強先進戰鬥力建設的必然遵循。我們要深入貫徹習近平強軍思想，深刻領會《建議》部署要求，把準未來五年乃至更長時間階段性特徵，突出推動高品質發展這個主題，一以貫之堅持並加強黨對軍隊的絕對領導，推進政治建軍、改革強軍、科技強軍、人才強軍、依法治作戰，守正創新籌資先進戰力強化為強國作戰能力、建構安全性強軍；

堅持推進戰鬥力構成的全要素高品質發展。未來作戰，隨著​​新域新質力量不斷加強和無人智能等技術快速發展，戰鬥力生成將出現全要素升級的態勢，呈現立體聚優、動中聚優、效能聚優等新特徵。要著眼戰爭形態發展新趨勢，加速軍事理論現代化步伐，認真貫徹實習主席關於戰鬥力建設重要論述，研析資訊化智能化戰爭制勝機理，推動軍事戰略、作戰思想、軍隊現代化建設等戰力主幹理論繁榮發展。適應軍事系統運作整體性、協同性、複雜性顯著提升的實際，抓好改革任務落地，持續優化軍事力量體系，做好軍事治理現代化這篇大文章，提升戰鬥力萃取和聚合效能。把投資於物與投資於人結合起來，堅持從政治上培養、考察、使用人才，打造適應智能化戰爭要求的軍事人才方陣，進一步加快先進武器裝備發展，提升武器裝備智能化程度，實施國防發展重大工程，加緊國防科技創新和先進技術轉化，研發建造更多製強勝強的「殺手鐧」武器裝備。

用好軍事智慧化這個戰鬥力質態升級的強勁引擎。隨著人工智慧領域技術的突破，人類社會由資訊化向智慧化的發展趨勢也反映在軍事領域，軍事智慧化的「桅杆」已經出現在戰爭形態發展演進的「海平面」上，具有智慧化特徵的資訊化戰爭顯露雛形。必須加快統籌網路資訊體系建置運用。網路是資訊和智慧的載體和通道，在現代戰爭條件下，網路資訊體系成為核心支撐。要統籌網路資訊體系建置運用，加強資料資源開發利用，實現作戰單元、各類武器系統之間的互聯互通，建構分散式、可重構、強韌性的作戰網絡，加快把網路資訊體系建構和服務支撐備戰打仗能力搞上去。必須建構智慧化軍事體系，加速人工智慧領域前沿技術成果向軍事領域的轉換應用，加速無人智慧作戰力量及反制能力建設，使軍事智慧更好更快融入體系、驅動體系、賦能體系。

涵養一體融合這個戰鬥力建設的源頭活水。當今世界，科技革命、產業變革、軍事革命加速發展，國家戰略競爭力、社會生產力、軍隊戰鬥力三者相互關聯、相互影響、相互支撐越來越緊密。推動新質生產力同新質戰鬥力高效融合、雙向拉動，是實現富國與強軍相統一的根本要求，是加速先進戰鬥力建設的源頭活水。要創新戰鬥力建設與運用模式，根據軍事鬥爭需要積極牽引新質生產力、新質戰鬥力前進方向，健全完善需求對接、規劃銜接、資源共享等製度機制，突顯推進新興領域戰略能力建設這個重中之重，大力推動新型軍事人才、新型作戰裝備、新型組織形態、新型戰法建設發展和融合運用，持續打牢社會生產服務未來戰爭的物質基礎，加速新質戰鬥力供給，確保戰時軍隊戰鬥力和社會生產力在戰場上有效聚焦、精準釋能，以強大持續的國家整體力量打贏未來戰爭。

突顯實戰化訓練這個戰鬥力催化的重要抓手。實戰化訓練，是實現人與武器裝備、組織體系高效融合的橋樑和手段，對戰鬥力生成的各種資源和要素具有很強的整合轉化功能，是生成、發展和強化先進戰鬥力的重要途徑。習主席深刻洞察發展先進戰鬥力的要害所在，要求“強化戰訓一致，堅持以戰領訓、以訓促戰，做到按實戰要求訓練，實現作戰和訓練一體化”“提高全週期、精細化訓練管理水平”，為先進戰鬥力指明了“實戰化”生成路徑。要深化戰略和作戰籌劃，紮實推進實戰化軍事訓練，加強作戰能力體系集成，創新戰鬥力建設和運用模式，結合鬥爭塑勢、聯演聯訓和多樣化軍事力量運用大力開展現代化練兵，加強針對性對抗性訓練，推動部隊實戰能力不斷提升。

（作者為國防大學習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想研究中心研究員）

《 人民日報 》（ 2025年11月17日 09 版）

汤俊峰

2025年11月17日08:37    来源：人民网－人民日报

中國原創軍事資源：https://theory.people.com.cn/n1/2025/

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Chinese Military Joint Oprations, China Cyber Dilemma in the 21st Century, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀

Chinese Military Innovating Training Concepts, Upgrading Training Methods, Reshaping the Combat Training Landscape

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中國軍隊創新訓練理念，升級訓練方式，重塑作戰訓練格局

現代英語：

China Military Network and Ministry of National Defense Network

Sunday, May 10, 2026

This newspaper reports (by reporter Fan Enda and special correspondent Qi Xucong): New artillery pieces sharpen the plateau, drones patrol the skies, data links are connected across the entire region, and fire units precisely lock onto the “enemy”… Not long ago, on the plateau training ground, a brigade of the Tibet Military Region focused on generating new combat capabilities and carried out various training exercises in an orderly manner.

New forces are rapidly joining the ranks, new equipment is constantly being deployed, and new tactics are being implemented continuously. In recent days, reporters visited several training grounds on the plateau front and saw that various units are focusing on actual combat needs, continuously innovating training concepts, upgrading training methods, and reshaping the training landscape. A vibrant picture of military training and preparation is unfolding, and new combat capabilities are rapidly accumulating and being generated on the plateau front.

From “waiting for instructions” to “seizing the opportunity,” officers and soldiers of the 1st Battalion of a Rocket Force brigade abandoned traditional training methods and conducted more than 10 combat-oriented training courses in a continuous, track-like manner, consciously pursuing and practicing the spirit of the plateau rocket troops with the belief that “every second faster means a greater chance of victory.” From “passive adaptation” to “active adaptation,” an Air Force unit, in combination with the special plateau environment, specifically modified the key systems of its fighter jets, accurately matching the characteristics of the plateau and the actual mission, and focusing on refining courses such as extreme maneuverability, low-altitude penetration, and ground attack, maximizing the combat potential of the equipment.

Upgrading training methods and leveraging technology to activate a “new engine” for combat effectiveness. Inside a simulated training chamber, soldiers of a regiment of the Xinjiang Military Region “drive” equipment vehicles across the high plateau, with weather, time of day, and road conditions changing randomly, immersing themselves in honing their combat skills. On the training ground of a detachment of the Tibet Armed Police Corps, infrared drones conduct aerial reconnaissance and precise positioning, while intelligent robot dogs launch assaults. Unmanned equipment is deeply integrated with individual combat, building a solid and efficient security barrier through intelligent training. Various units are exploring new paths to generate new combat capabilities, continuously promoting the new “intelligent+” training model, and pushing plateau training towards intelligent and refined training.

At a certain location, the Gambala radar station of an air force unit utilized technological means to achieve a remote, controlled duty mode, with soldiers’ positions lowered more than a thousand meters. No longer distracted by harsh environments, they can devote more energy to combat readiness and combat capability enhancement, routinely conducting network-based combat exercises and live-fire training, resulting in a significant improvement in the unit’s rapid mobility and early warning capabilities.

Reshaping the training landscape and fostering systemic collaboration to generate new momentum for victory. An air force unit actively integrated into the system, engaging in confrontations with visiting fighter jet units and sparring with various types of drones. They honed their anti-interference skills through electromagnetic warfare and continuously improved their combat capabilities through repeated realistic training exercises. A brigade of the Xinjiang Military Region regularly conducted joint exercises and training with neighboring air force units, streamlining command and control, sharing air situation data, and achieving full-element coordinated firepower strikes and integrated counterattacks. All units abandoned the concept and practice of “fighting alone,” proactively breaking down barriers between services and removing obstacles to collaboration, thus promoting overall quality improvement and comprehensive efficiency enhancement in the generation of new combat capabilities.

Once, this snowy plateau was a daunting “forbidden zone of life”; now, it has become a “training ground” for troops to deepen and solidify their training and combat readiness. Through numerous exercises and assaults, the troops stationed on the plateau are targeting the laws governing the generation of new combat capabilities, constantly breaking down conventional thinking, and making solid efforts towards innovation and strength, exploring methods and paths to liberate and develop new combat capabilities. “Although it’s high-altitude, oxygen-deficient, and the environment is harsh here, our confidence in winning battles is growing stronger!” said a plateau soldier.

現代國語：

中國軍網 國防部網

2026年5月10日 星期日

本報訊 記者范恩達、特約記者齊旭聰報道：新型火炮礪劍高原，無人機巡弋長空，數據鏈路全域貫通，火力單元精准鎖“敵”……前不久，高原練兵場上，西藏軍區某旅聚焦新質戰斗力生成，有序開展各項訓練。

新力量加速入列，新裝備不斷列裝，新戰法持續落地……連日來，記者踏訪高原一線多個演訓場看到，各部隊聚焦實戰需求，持續革新訓練理念、升級訓練手段、重塑訓練格局，一幅火熱的練兵備戰圖景鋪展開來，新質戰斗力在高原一線加速集聚生成。

從“等指令”到“搶時機”，火箭軍某旅一營官兵摒棄傳統訓法，以賽道式連貫展開10余個實戰化課目訓練，用“速度快一秒、勝算多一分”的自覺追求踐行高原火箭兵精神；從“被動適應”到“主動適配”，空軍某部結合高原特殊環境，針對性改裝戰機關鍵系統，精准匹配高原特點和任務實際，專攻精練極限機動、低空突防、對地打擊等課目，最大限度挖掘裝備作戰潛能。

升級訓練手段，科技賦能激活戰力“新引擎”。模擬訓練艙內，新疆軍區某團官兵“駕駛”裝備車輛翻越高原達阪，天候、時段、路況隨機切換，沉浸式錘煉打贏本領；武警西藏總隊某支隊訓練場上，紅外無人機臨空偵察、精准定位，智能機器狗沖鋒突擊，無人裝備與單兵作戰深度耦合，以智能化練兵構築起堅固高效的安全屏障……各部隊探索新質戰斗力生成路徑，持續推開“智能+”練兵新模式，推動高原訓練向智能精訓跨越。

某點位上，空軍某部甘巴拉雷達站運用科技手段實現異地遠程遙控值勤模式，官兵戰位下沉千余米。不再為對抗惡劣環境分心，他們把更多精力投入戰備值勤和戰斗力提升上，常態開展聯網對抗、實裝實訓，部隊快速機動能力和預警能力明顯提升。

重塑訓練格局，體系聯動凝聚勝戰“新動能”。空軍某部主動融入體系，與前來駐訓的殲擊機部隊互為對手展開對抗，與各型無人機過招較量，在電磁攻防中不斷錘煉反干擾硬功，在一次次實戰化訓練中持續提升實戰能力；新疆軍區某旅攜手空軍友鄰部隊常態開展聯演聯訓，打通指揮鏈路、共享空情態勢，實現火力打擊全要素聯動、一體化抗擊……各部隊摒棄“各自為戰、單打獨斗”的觀念做法，主動打破軍兵種壁壘、打通協同堵點，推動新質戰斗力生成整體提質、全面增效。

曾經，這片雪域高原是令人望而生畏的“生命禁區”；如今，這裡已成為牽引部隊練兵備戰走深走實的“礪兵高地”。在一場場演訓、一次次沖鋒中，駐高原各部隊瞄准新質戰斗力生成規律，不斷打破思維定式，向新向強扎實用力，探尋解放和發展新質戰斗力的方法路徑。“這裡雖然高寒缺氧、環境艱苦，但我們的勝戰底氣越來越足！”一名高原戰士說。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/

#Chinese Military Joint Oprations, #cross-domain collaborative operations, #cyber #warfare, #drone #warfare, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #mosaic #warfare, #智慧戰爭, #網路戰爭, #耗散戰爭, #認知戰, #跨域協同作戰, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Functional Orientation of the Modern Combat System with Chinese Characteristics

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中國特色現代作戰體系的功能定位

2018年08月14日 xx:xx　来源：解放军报

現代英語：

Functional Orientation of the Modern Combat System with Chinese Characteristics

　　Key Points

　　● The coexistence, iterative development, dynamic evolution, and integrated development of multiple generations of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization constitute the historical context of national defense and military construction in the new era, and also represent the historical position of building a modern combat system with Chinese characteristics.

　　● Traditional and non-traditional security threats are intertwined, and various strategic directions and security fields face diverse real and potential threats of local wars. This requires our military to abandon old models such as linear warfare, traditional ground warfare, and homeland defense warfare, and accelerate the transformation to joint operations and all-domain operations.

　　The report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that, standing at a new historical starting point and facing the demands of building a strong country and a strong military, “we should build a modern combat system with Chinese characteristics.” This is a strategic choice to adapt to the rapidly evolving nature of warfare, to thoroughly implement Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, to comprehensively advance the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and to aim at building a world-class military. Among these choices, the grasp of the functional orientation of the modern combat system with Chinese characteristics greatly influences the goals, direction, and quality of its construction.

　　Seize the opportunities of the times and take the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligentization as the historical orientation.

　　The combat system is the material foundation of war and is closely related to the form of warfare. In today’s world, a new round of technological and industrial revolution is brewing and emerging. Original and disruptive breakthroughs in some major scientific problems are opening up new frontiers and directions, prompting human society to rapidly transform towards intelligence, and accelerating the evolution of warfare towards intelligence. Currently, our military is in a stage of integrated mechanization and informatization development. Mechanization is not yet complete, informatization is being deeply advanced, and we are facing both opportunities and challenges brought about by the intelligent military revolution. The new era provides us with a rare historical opportunity to achieve innovative breakthroughs and rapid development, and also provides a rare historical opportunity for our military’s combat system construction to achieve generational leaps and leapfrog development.

　　A new era and a new starting point require establishing a new coordinate system. The coexistence, iterative development, dynamic evolution, and integrated development of multiple generations of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization constitute the historical context of national defense and military construction in the new era, and also the historical position of building a modern combat system with Chinese characteristics. We should accurately grasp the historical process of the evolution of warfare, the historical stage of the combined development of mechanization and informatization, and the historical opportunities brought about by intelligent warfare. We must prioritize the development of military intelligence, using intelligence to lead and drive mechanization and informatization, coordinating mechanization and informatization within the overall framework of intelligent construction, and completing the tasks of mechanization and informatization development within the process of intelligentization. We must focus on top-level design for military intelligence development, researching and formulating a strategic outline and roadmap for military intelligence development, clarifying key areas, core technologies, key projects, and steps for intelligent development, and accelerating the construction of a military intelligent combat system. We must achieve significant progress as soon as possible in key technologies such as deep learning, cross-domain integration, human-machine collaboration, autonomous control, and neural networks, improving the ability to materialize advanced scientific and technological forces into advanced weaponry and equipment, and providing material conditions for building a modern combat system.

　　Emphasizing system-on-system confrontation, with the development of joint operations and all-domain operations capabilities as the core indicators.

　　Information-based local wars are characterized by integrated joint operations as their basic form, with network support, information dominance, and system-on-system confrontation as their main features. The combat capability generation model is shifting towards a network-based information system. Currently and for some time to come, my country’s geostrategic environment remains complex, with traditional and non-traditional security threats intertwined. Various strategic directions and security domains face diverse real and potential threats of local wars. Simultaneously, with the expansion of national interests, the security of overseas interests is becoming increasingly prominent, requiring the PLA to abandon old models such as linear warfare, traditional ground warfare, and territorial defense warfare, and accelerate its transformation towards joint operations and all-domain operations.

　　The report of the 19th CPC National Congress pointed out that “enhancing joint operational capabilities and all-domain operational capabilities based on network information systems” is a new summary of the PLA’s operational capabilities in the new era and a core indicator for building a modern operational system with Chinese characteristics. We should actively explore the characteristics, laws, and winning mechanisms of modern warfare, and proactively design future operational models, force application methods, and command and coordination procedures to provide advanced theoretical support for building a modern operational system with Chinese characteristics. Following the new pattern of the Central Military Commission exercising overall command, theater commands focusing on combat operations, and services focusing on force development, we should adapt to the new joint operational command system, the reform of the military’s size, structure, and force composition, highlighting the network information system as the core support, and building an operational system capable of generating powerful joint operational capabilities to fully leverage the overall power of the various services and branches. With a view to properly addressing various strategic directions and traditional and non-traditional security threats, ensuring the PLA can reliably carry out various operational missions, we should build an operational system capable of generating powerful all-domain operational capabilities, achieving overall linkage across multiple battlefields and domains, including land, sea, air, space, and cyberspace.

　　Focusing on real threats, the strategic objective is to gain an asymmetric advantage over the enemy.

　　The world today is at a new turning point in the international situation, with strategic competition among major powers taking on new forms and the struggle for dominance in the international and regional order becoming unprecedentedly fierce. The specter of hegemonism and power politics lingers, and some countries are intensifying their efforts to guard against and contain China. my country’s geostrategic environment is becoming increasingly complex, with multiple destabilizing factors, facing multi-directional security pressures, and an increasingly complex maritime security environment. All of these factors contribute to increasing the dangers and challenges to national security.

　　Effectively responding to real military security threats is a crucial strategic task in our military preparedness and a strategic direction for building a modern combat system with Chinese characteristics. We should focus on keeping up with technological advancements, vigorously developing advanced equipment, and striving to avoid creating new technological gaps with potential adversaries. This will provide solid material support for the construction of our combat system. Simultaneously, we must emphasize leveraging the PLA’s long-standing principles of flexibility, mobility, and independent operation, capitalizing on our strengths and avoiding weaknesses, targeting the enemy’s vulnerabilities and weaknesses. We should not simply compete with the best in high-tech fields, but rather focus on deterring the enemy and preventing war. We must accelerate the development of asymmetric counterbalancing mechanisms, strengthen the construction of conventional strategic means, new concepts and mechanisms, and strategic deterrence in new domains, supporting the formation of a new combat system with new deterrent and combat capabilities. We must not fear direct confrontation, preparing for the most complex and difficult situations, and building a combat system capable of providing multiple means, forces, and methods to address diverse war threats. This will ensure that, in the event of conflict, the comprehensive effectiveness of the combat system is fully utilized, guaranteeing victory in battle and deterring further war through war.

　　Promoting military-civilian integration and using the national strategic system to support winning the people’s war in the new era is a fundamental requirement.

　　The deepest roots of the power of war lie within the people. The concept of people’s war is the magic weapon for our army to defeat the enemy. Modern warfare is a comprehensive confrontation of the combined strength of opposing sides, involving political, economic, military, technological, and cultural fronts. Various armed forces are closely integrated, and various forms of struggle are coordinated with each other. The role and status of civilian technology and civilian forces in war are increasingly important, which further requires integrating the national defense system into the national economic and social system and striving to win the people’s war in the new era.

　　Leveraging the power of military-civilian integration to support the fight against people’s war in the new era with the national strategic system is a fundamental requirement for building a modern combat system with Chinese characteristics. We must deeply implement the national strategy of military-civilian integration, deeply integrate the construction of our military’s combat system into the national strategic system, utilize national resources and overall strength to achieve a continuous leap in combat effectiveness, and maximize the overall power of people’s war. We must focus on strengthening military-civilian integration in emerging strategic fields, actively seize the commanding heights of future military competition, and continuously create new advantages in people’s war. We must incorporate the military innovation system into the national innovation system, strengthen demand alignment and collaborative innovation, enhance independent innovation, original innovation, and integrated innovation capabilities, and proactively discover, cultivate, and utilize strategic, disruptive, and cutting-edge technologies to provide advanced technological support for building a modern combat system. We must also focus on the in-depth exploitation of civilian resources, strengthen the integration of various resources that can serve national defense and military construction, prevent duplication and waste, self-contained systems, and closed operations, and maximize the incubation effect of civilian resources on the construction of a modern combat system.

　　(Author’s affiliation: Institute of War Studies, Academy of Military Sciences)

Zhang Qianyi

現代國語：

中國特色現代作戰體系的功能取向

要點提示

●機械化信息化智能化多代並存、迭代孕育、動態演進、融合發展，是新時代國防和軍隊建設的時代背景，也是中國特色現代作戰體系建設的歷史方位。

●傳統和非傳統安全威脅相互交織，各戰略方向、各安全領域面臨多樣化現實和潛在的局部戰爭威脅，要求我軍必須摒棄平麵線式戰、傳統地面戰、國土防禦戰等舊模式，加快向聯合作戰、全域作戰轉變。

黨的十九大報告提出，站在新的歷史起點上，面對強國強軍的時代要求，“構建中國特色現代作戰體系”。這是適應戰爭形態加速演變的時代要求，深入貫徹習近平強軍思想、全面推進國防和軍隊現代化、瞄準建設世界一流軍隊的戰略抉擇。其中，對中國特色現代作戰體系功能取向的把握，極大影響著體系構建的目標、方向和質量。

抓住時代機遇，以機械化信息化智能化融合發展為歷史方位

作戰體係是戰爭的物質基礎，與戰爭形態緊密關聯。當今世界，新一輪科技革命和產業革命正在孕育興起，一些重大科學問題的原創性顛覆性突破正在開闢新前沿新方向，促使人類社會向智能化快速轉型，戰爭形態向智能化加速演變。當前，我軍正處於機械化信息化複合發展階段，機械化尚未完成、信息化深入推進，又面臨智能化軍事革命帶來的機遇和挑戰。新時代為我們實現創新超越、快速發展提供了難得歷史機遇，也為我軍作戰體系建設實現跨代超越、彎道超車提供了難得歷史機遇。

新時代新起點，需要確立新的坐標系。機械化信息化智能化多代並存、迭代孕育、動態演進、融合發展，是新時代國防和軍隊建設的時代背景，也是中國特色現代作戰體系建設的歷史方位。應準確把握戰爭形態演變的歷史進程，準確把握機械化信息化複合發展的歷史階段，準確把握智能化戰爭帶來的歷史機遇，堅持把軍事智能化建設擺在優先發展位置，以智能化引領帶動機械化信息化，在智能化建設全局中統籌機械化信息化，在智能化進程中完成機械化信息化發展的任務；注重搞好軍事智能化發展的頂層設計，研究制定軍事智能化發展戰略綱要和路線圖，明確智能化發展的關鍵領域、核心技術、重點項目和步驟措施等，加快軍事智能化作戰體系建設進程；盡快在深度學習、跨界融合、人機協同、自主操控、神經網絡等關鍵技術上取得重大進展，提高先進科技力物化為先進武器裝備的能力，為構建現代作戰體系提供物質條件。

突出體係對抗，以打造聯合作戰和全域作戰能力為核心指標

信息化局部戰爭，一體化聯合作戰成為基本形式，網絡支撐、信息主導、體係對抗成為主要特徵，戰鬥力生成模式向基於網絡信息體系轉變。當前及今後一個時期，我國地緣戰略環境仍然複雜，傳統和非傳統安全威脅相互交織，各戰略方向、各安全領域面臨多樣化現實和潛在的局部戰爭威脅，同時隨著國家利益的拓展，海外利益安全問題日益凸顯，要求我軍必須摒棄平麵線式戰、傳統地面戰、國土防禦戰等舊模式，加快向聯合作戰、全域作戰轉變。

黨的十九大報告指出，“提高基於網絡信息體系的聯合作戰能力、全域作戰能力”，這是對新時代我軍作戰能力的新概括，也是中國特色現代作戰體系建設的核心指標。應積極探索現代戰爭特點規律和製勝機理，前瞻設計未來作戰行動模式、力量運用方式、指揮協同程式等，為構建中國特色現代作戰體系提供先進理論支撐；按照軍委管總、戰區主戰、軍種主建的新格局，適應聯合作戰指揮新體制、軍隊規模結構和力量編成改革，突出網絡信息體系這個核心支撐，打造能夠生成強大聯合作戰能力的作戰體系，充分發揮諸軍兵種作戰力量整體威力；著眼妥善應對各戰略方向、傳統和非傳統安全威脅，確保我軍可靠遂行各種作戰任務，打造能夠生成強大全域作戰能力的作戰體系，實現陸海空天電網多維戰場、多域戰場的整體聯動。

著眼現實威脅，以形成對敵非對稱作戰優勢為戰略指向

當今世界，國際形勢正處在新的轉折點上，大國戰略博弈呈現新態勢，圍繞國際和地區秩序主導權的鬥爭空前激烈。霸權主義和強權政治陰魂不散，一些國家加緊對華防範和遏制。我國地緣戰略環境日趨複雜，存在多重不穩定因素，面對多方向安全壓力，我海上安全環境日趨複雜等，這些都使得國家安全面臨的危險和挑戰增多。

有效應對現實軍事安全威脅，是我軍事鬥爭準備的重要戰略任務，也是中國特色現代作戰體系建設的戰略指向。應注重技術跟進，大力研發先進裝備，力避與潛在對手拉開新的技術代差，為作戰體系建設提供堅實物質支撐，同時注重發揮我軍歷來堅持的靈活機動、自主作戰原則，揚長避短，擊敵弱項、軟肋，不單純在高科技領域“與龍王比寶”，著眼懾敵止戰，加快發展非對稱制衡手段，加強常規戰略手段、新概念新機理和新型領域戰略威懾手段建設，支撐形成具有新質威懾與實戰能力的新型作戰體系；不懼直面過招，立足最複雜最困難情況，構建能夠提供多種手段、多種力量、多種方式應對多樣化戰爭威脅的作戰體系，確保一旦有事，充分發揮作戰體係綜合效能，確保戰而勝之、以戰止戰。

推進軍民融合，以國家戰略體系支撐打贏新時代人民戰爭為根本要求

戰爭偉力之最深厚根源存在於民眾之中。人民戰爭思想是我軍克敵制勝的法寶。現代戰爭是敵對雙方綜合實力的整體對抗，涉及政治、經濟、軍事、科技、文化等各條戰線，各種武裝力量緊密結合、各種鬥爭形式相互配合，民用技術和民間力量在戰爭中的地位作用日益提升，更加要求把國防體系融入國家經濟社會體系，努力打贏新時代人民戰爭。

發揮軍民融合時代偉力，以國家戰略體系支撐打贏新時代人民戰爭，是中國特色現代作戰體系建設的根本要求。要深入實施軍民融合發展國家戰略，推動我軍作戰體系建設深度融入國家戰略體系，利用國家資源和整體力量實現戰鬥力的持續躍升，最大限度發揮人民戰爭的整體威力；注重加強在新興戰略領域的軍民融合發展，積極搶占未來軍事競爭的製高點，不斷創造人民戰爭的新優勢；把軍事創新體系納入國家創新體系之中，加強需求對接、協同創新，增強自主創新、原始創新、集成創新能力，主動發現、培育和運用戰略性顛覆性前沿性技術，為構建現代作戰體系提供先進技術支撐；抓好民用資源深度挖掘，強化可服務於國防和軍隊建設的各種資源整合力度，防止重複浪費、自成體系、封閉運行，最大限度發揮民用資源對現代作戰體系構建的孵化效應。

（作者單位：軍事科學院戰爭研究院）

張謙一

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.chinanews.com.cn/mil/2018/08-14/8599617888.shtml

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Chinese Military Intelligence Drives Accelerated Development of Cyberspace Warfare

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中國軍事情報推動網絡空間戰爭加速發展

現代英語：

The report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to “accelerate the development of military intelligence and improve joint operational capabilities and all-domain operational capabilities based on network information systems.” Today’s *PLA Daily* published an article stating that military intelligence is a new trend and direction in the development of the military field after mechanization and informatization. We must develop intelligence on the basis of existing mechanization and informatization, while using intelligence to drive mechanization and informatization to a higher level and a higher standard. Cyberspace, as a new operational domain, is a new field with high technological content and the greatest innovative vitality. Under the impetus of military intelligence, it is ushering in a period of rapid development opportunities.Illustration: Lei Yu

Military intelligence is driving the accelerated development of cyberspace operations.

■ Respected soldiers Zhou Dewang Huang Anwei

Three key technologies support the intelligentization of cyberspace weapons.

Intelligence is a kind of wisdom and capability; it is the perception, cognition, and application of laws by all systems with life cycles. Intelligentization is the solidification of this wisdom and capability into a state. Cyberspace weapons are weapons used to carry out combat missions in cyberspace. Their form is primarily software and code, essentially a piece of data. The intelligence of cyberspace weapons is mainly reflected in the following three aspects:

First, there’s intelligent vulnerability discovery. Vulnerabilities are the foundation of cyber weapon design. The ransomware that spread globally this May exploited a vulnerability in the Microsoft operating system, causing a huge shock in the cybersecurity community. Vulnerabilities are expensive, with a single zero-day vulnerability costing tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars. Previously, vulnerability discovery relied mainly on experienced hackers using software tools to inspect and analyze code. However, at the International Cybersecurity Technology Competition finals held during this year’s China Internet Security Conference, participants demonstrated how intelligent robots could discover vulnerabilities on-site, then use these vulnerabilities to write network code, creating cyber weapons to breach target systems and capture the flag. This change signifies that vulnerability discovery has entered the era of intelligent technology.

Second, intelligent signal analysis and cryptography. Signals are the carriers of network data transmission, and cryptography is the last line of defense for network data security. Signal analysis and cryptography are core technologies for cyberspace warfare. Breaking through signals and cryptography is the fundamental path to entering cyberspace and a primary target of cyber weapons attacks. Intelligent signal analysis solves problems such as signal protocol analysis, modulation identification, and individual identification through technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and deep learning. Cryptography is the “crown jewel” of computational science. Intelligent cryptography, through the accumulation of cryptographic data samples, continuously learns and searches for patterns to find the key to decryption, thereby opening the last door of the network data “safe” and solving the critical links of network intrusion and access.

Thirdly, there is the design of intelligent weapon platforms. In 2009, the U.S. military proposed the “Cyber ​​Aircraft” project, providing platforms similar to armored vehicles, ships, and aircraft for cyberspace operations. These platforms can automatically conduct reconnaissance, load cyber weapons, autonomously coordinate, and autonomously attack in cyberspace. When threatened, they can self-destruct and erase traces, exhibiting a certain degree of intelligence. In the future, the weapons loaded onto “Cyber ​​Aircraft” will not be pre-written code by software engineers, but rather intelligent cyber weapons will be designed in real-time based on discovered vulnerabilities, enabling “order-based” development and significantly improving the targeting of cyberspace operations.

The trend of intelligentization in network-controlled weapons is becoming increasingly prominent.

Weapons controlled by cyberspace, or cyber-controlled weapons, are weapons that connect to a network, receive commands from cyberspace, execute cross-domain missions, and achieve combat effects in physical space. Most future combat weapon platforms will be networked, making military information networks essentially the Internet of Things (IoT). These networks connect to satellites, radars, drones, and other network entities, enabling control from perception and detection to tracking, positioning, and strike. The intelligence of cyber-controlled weapons is rapidly developing across land, sea, air, space, and cyber domains.

In 2015, Syria used a Russian robotic force to defeat militants. The operation employed six tracked robots, four wheeled robots, an automated artillery corps, several drones, and a command system. Commanders used the command system to direct drones to locate militants, and the robots then charged, supported by artillery and drone fire, inflicting heavy casualties. This small-scale battle marked the beginning of robotic “team” operations.

Network-controlled intelligent weapons for naval and air battlefields are under extensive research and development and verification. In 2014, the U.S. Navy used 13 unmanned surface vessels to demonstrate and verify the interception of enemy ships by unmanned surface vessel swarms, mainly by exchanging sensor data, and achieved good results. When tested again in 2016, functions such as collaborative task allocation and tactical coordination were added, and “swarm awareness” became its prominent feature of intelligence.

The development of swarms of small, micro-sized drones for aerial combat is also rapid. In recent years, the U.S. Department of Defense has conducted multiple tests of the Partridge micro-drone, capable of deploying dozens or even hundreds at a time. By enhancing its coordination capabilities during reconnaissance missions, progress has been made in drone formation, command, control, and intelligent management.

Space-based cyber-control weapons are becoming increasingly “intelligent.” The space-based cyber-control domain primarily comprises two categories of weapons: reconnaissance and strike weapons. Satellites of various functions mainly perform reconnaissance missions and are typical reconnaissance sensors. With the emergence of various microsatellite constellations, satellites are exhibiting new characteristics: small size, rapid launch, large numbers, and greater intelligence. Microsatellite constellations offer greater flexibility and reliability in performing reconnaissance and communication missions, and currently, the world’s leading satellite powers are actively developing microsatellite constellation plans with broader coverage.

Various hypersonic strike weapons are cruising in the air, like a sword of Damocles hanging over people’s heads. The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory stated that the “hypersonic strike weapon” will begin flight testing around 2018, and other countries are also actively developing similar weapons. The most prominent features of these weapons are their high speed, long range, and high level of intelligence.

Intelligent command information systems are changing traditional combat command methods.

Cyber ​​weapons and weapons controlled by cyberspace constitute the “fist” of intelligent warfare, while the command information systems that direct the use of these weapons are the “brain” of intelligent warfare. Cyberspace operational command information systems must keep pace with the process of intelligentization. Currently, almost all global command information systems face the challenge of “intelligent lag.” Future warfare requires rapid and autonomous decision-making, which places higher demands on intelligent support systems.

In 2007, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) launched the “Deep Green Program,” a research and development program for command and control systems, aiming to enable computer-aided commanders to make rapid decisions and gain a decisive advantage. This is a campaign-level command information system, developed to be embedded into the U.S. Army’s brigade-level C4ISR wartime command information system, enabling intelligent command by commanders. Even today, the U.S. military has not relaxed its development of intelligent command information systems.

In cyberspace warfare, network targets are represented by a single IP address accessing the network. Their sheer number makes efficient manual operation difficult, necessitating the support of intelligent command and information systems. Currently, intelligent command and information systems need to achieve functions such as intelligent intelligence analysis, intelligent sensing, intelligent navigation and positioning, intelligent decision support, intelligent collaboration, intelligent assessment, and intelligent unmanned combat. In particular, they must enable swarm operational control of unmanned network control systems. All of these requirements urgently demand intelligent command and information systems, necessitating accelerated research and development and application of relevant key technologies.

In conclusion, intelligent cyber weapons and network control weapons, coordinated through intelligent information systems, will form enormous combat capabilities, essentially enabling them to carry out all actions in current combat scenarios. Future warfare, from command force organization to target selection, action methods, and tactical applications, will all unfold within an intelligent context. The “gamification” of warfare will become more pronounced, and operational command methods will undergo significant changes.

In future battlefields, combat will require not only courage but also intelligence.

■ Yang Jian, Zhao Lu

Currently, artificial intelligence is entering a new stage of development and is rapidly penetrating various fields. Influenced by this process, military competition among nations surrounding intelligent technologies has begun. Our army has always been a brave and tenacious people’s army, determined to fight and win. On the future battlefield, we should continue to carry forward our glorious traditions while more broadly mastering and utilizing the latest technological achievements to develop more intelligent weapons and equipment, thereby gaining a decisive advantage on the future battlefield.

Intelligentization is a trend in human societal development, and intelligent warfare is rapidly approaching. The development of military intelligence has a solid foundation thanks to successful innovations that transcend existing computational models, the gradual popularization of nanotechnology, and breakthroughs in research on the mechanisms of the human brain. Consequently, intelligent weaponry is increasingly prominent, surpassing and even replacing human capabilities in areas such as intelligence analysis and combat response. Furthermore, intelligent weaponry offers significant advantages in terms of manpower requirements, comprehensive support, and operating costs, and is increasingly becoming the dominant force in warfare.

The development and application of intelligent weaponry have proven to expand the scope of military operations and significantly enhance the combat effectiveness of troops. In the battlefields of Afghanistan and Iraq, drones have undertaken most of the reconnaissance, intelligence, and surveillance support missions, and have been responsible for approximately one-third of the air strike missions. In the past two years, Russia has also repeatedly used highly intelligent unmanned reconnaissance aircraft and combat robots in the Syrian theater. Intelligent weaponry is increasingly demonstrating its significant value, surpassing that of traditional weapons.

In future wars, the contest of intelligent combat systems will be the key to victory in high-level competition and ultimate showdowns. As the development of technology-supported military means becomes increasingly uneven, whoever first acquires the capability to conduct intelligent warfare will be better positioned to seize the initiative on the battlefield. Those with a technological advantage will minimize the costs of war, while the weaker will inevitably suffer enormous losses and pay a heavy price. We must not only accelerate innovation in core technologies and the development of weaponry, but also research and explore organizational structures, command methods, and operational models adapted to the development of intelligent military operations. Furthermore, we must cultivate a talent pool capable of promoting intelligent military development and forging intelligent combat capabilities, fully leveraging the overall effectiveness of our military’s combat system, and winning wars in a more “intelligent” manner against our adversaries.

現代國語：

党的十九大报告指出，要“加快军事智能化发展，提高基于网络信息体系的联合作战能力、全域作战能力”。今天的《解放军报》刊发文章指出，军事智能化是机械化、信息化之后军事领域发展的新趋势和新方向，我们要在现有机械化和信息化基础上发展智能化，同时用智能化牵引机械化和信息化向更高水平、更高层次发展。网络空间作为新型作战领域，是科技含量高、最具创新活力的新领域，在军事智能化的牵引下，正在迎来快速发展的机遇期。制图：雷 煜

军事智能化牵引网络空间作战加速发展

■敬兵 周德旺 皇安伟

三大技术支撑网络空间武器智能化

智能是一种智慧和能力，是一切有生命周期的系统对规律的感应、认知与运用，智能化就是把这种智慧和能力固化下来，成为一种状态。网络空间武器是网络空间遂行作战任务的武器，其形态以软件和代码为主，本质上是一段数据。网络空间武器的智能化主要体现在以下三个方面：

一是智能化漏洞挖掘。漏洞是网络武器设计的基础，今年5月在全球范围内传播的勒索病毒软件，就是利用了微软操作系统漏洞，给网络安全界带来了巨大震动。漏洞价格昂贵，一个零日漏洞价值几万到几十万美元不等。以往漏洞的发现，主要依靠有经验的黑客，利用软件工具对代码进行检查和分析。在今年中国互联网安全大会期间举办的国际网络安全技术对抗联赛总决赛中，参赛人员演示由智能机器人现场进行漏洞挖掘，然后通过漏洞编写网络代码，形成网络武器，攻破目标系统，夺取旗帜。这一变化，意味着漏洞挖掘进入了智能化时代。

二是智能化信号分析和密码破译。信号是网络数据传输的载体，密码是网络数据安全最后的屏障，信号分析和密码破译是网络空间作战的核心技术，突破信号和密码是进入网络空间的基本路径，是网络武器攻击的首要目标。智能化信号分析将信号的协议分析、调制识别、个体识别等问题，通过大数据、云计算、深度学习等技术进行解决。密码破译是计算科学“皇冠上的明珠”，智能化密码破译通过对密码数据样本的积累，不断学习、寻找规律，能找到破译的钥匙，从而打开网络数据“保险柜”的最后一道门，解决网络入侵和接入的关键环节。

三是智能化武器平台设计。美军在2009年提出“网络飞行器”项目，为网络空间作战提供像战车、舰艇、飞机这样的平台，可以实现在网络空间里自动侦察、加载网络武器、自主协同、自主攻击，受到威胁时自我销毁、清除痕迹，具备了一定的智能化特征。未来“网络飞行器”加载的武器，不是软件人员编好的代码，而是根据侦察结果直接对发现的漏洞，现场实时进行智能化网络武器设计，实现“订购式”开发，从而极大地提高网络空间作战的针对性。

网控武器的智能化趋势愈加凸显

受网络空间控制的武器简称网控武器，是通过网络连接，接受网络空间指令，执行跨域任务，在物理空间达成作战效果的武器。未来的各种作战武器平台，大多是联网的武器平台，这样军事信息网本质上就是物联网，上联卫星、雷达、无人机等网络实体，从感知到发现、跟踪、定位、打击都可通过网络空间控制，网控武器的智能化已在陆海空天电等战场蓬勃发展。

2015年，叙利亚利用俄罗斯机器人军团击溃武装分子，行动采用了包括6个履带式机器人、4个轮式机器人、1个自动化火炮群、数架无人机和1套指挥系统。指挥员通过指挥系统调度无人机侦察发现武装分子，机器人向武装分子发起冲锋，同时伴随火炮和无人机攻击力量支援，对武装分子进行了致命打击。这仅仅是一场小规模的战斗，却开启了机器人“组团”作战的先河。

海空战场网控智能武器正在大量研发验证。2014年，美国海军使用13艘无人水面艇，演示验证无人艇集群拦截敌方舰艇，主要通过交换传感器数据，取得了不错的效果。2016年再次试验时，新增了协同任务分配、战术配合等功能，“蜂群意识”成为其智能化的显著特点。

用于空中作战的小微型无人机蜂群也在快速发展。近年来，美国国防部多次试验“山鹑”微型无人机，可一次投放数十架乃至上百架，通过提升其执行侦察任务时的协同能力，在无人机编队、指挥、控制、智能化管理等方面都取得了进展。

空天网控武器越来越“聪明”。空天领域主要包含侦察和打击两类网控武器，各种功能的卫星主要执行侦察任务，是典型的侦察传感器。随着各种小微卫星群的出现，使卫星表现出新的特征：体积小、发射快、数量多、更加智能。小微卫星群在执行侦察和通信任务时，有了更大的灵活度和可靠性，目前世界卫星强国都在积极制定覆盖范围更广的小微卫星群计划。

各种高超音速打击武器在空天巡航，仿佛悬在人们头顶的利剑。美国空军研究室称“高速打击武器”将在2018年前后启动飞行试验，其它各国也正在积极研发类似武器。这类武器最大的特点是速度快、航程远、智能化程度高。

智能化指挥信息系统改变传统作战指挥方式

网络空间武器和受网络空间控制的武器，是智能化战争的“拳头”，而指挥这些武器运用的指挥信息系统是智能化战争的“大脑”，网络空间作战指挥信息系统要同步跟上智能化的进程。当前，几乎全球的指挥信息系统都面临着“智能滞后”的难题，未来战争需要快速决策、自主决策，这对智能辅助系统提出了更高要求。

2007年，美国国防部高级研究计划局启动关于指挥控制系统的研发计划——“深绿计划”，以期能实现计算机辅助指挥员快速决策赢得制胜先机。这是一个战役战术级的指挥信息系统，其研发目的是将该系统嵌入美国陆军旅级C4ISR战时指挥信息系统中去，实现指挥员的智能化指挥。直到今天，美军也没有放松对智能化指挥信息系统的开发。

在网络空间作战中，网络目标表现为一个接入网络的IP地址，数量众多导致人工难以高效操作，作战更需要智能化指挥信息系统的辅助支撑。当前，智能化指挥信息系统需要实现智能情报分析、智能感知、智能导航定位、智能辅助决策、智能协同、智能评估、智能化无人作战等功能，尤其是实现对无人网控系统的集群作战操控，这都对智能化指挥信息系统提出了迫切需求，需要加快相应关键技术的研发和运用。

综上所述，智能化的网络武器和网控武器，通过智能化的信息系统调度，将形成巨大的作战能力，基本能遂行现行作战样式中的所有行动。未来战争，从指挥力量编组、到目标选择、行动方式、战法运用等，都将在智能化的背景下展开，战争“游戏化”的特点将更显著，作战指挥方式也将发生重大变化。

未来战场 斗勇更需斗“智”

■杨建　赵璐

当前，人工智能发展进入崭新阶段，并开始向各个领域加速渗透。受这一进程的影响，各国围绕智能化的军事竞争已拉开帷幕。我军历来是一支英勇顽强、敢打必胜的人民军队，未来战场上应继续发扬光荣传统，同时要更加广泛地掌握和利用最新的科技成果，研制出更多智能化的武器装备，在未来战场上掌握制胜先机。

智能化是人类社会发展的趋势，智能化战争正在加速到来。正是由于超越原有体系结构计算模型的成功创新、纳米制造技术的逐步普及，以及对人脑机理研究的突破性进展，军事智能化发展才拥有了坚实的基础。因此，智能化武器装备的表现日益突出，并在情报分析、战斗反应等方面开始超越并替代人类。此外，在人力需求、综合保障、运行成本等方面，智能化武器装备也具有明显的优势，正在日益成为战争的主导力量。

事实证明，智能化武器装备的发展应用，拓展了军事行动的能力范围，大幅提升了部队的作战效能。在阿富汗和伊拉克战场上，无人机已承担了大部分侦察、情报、监视等作战保障任务，并担负了约三分之一的空中打击任务。近两年，俄罗斯在叙利亚战场上也多次使用具有较高智能化程度的无人侦察机、战斗机器人等装备。智能化武器装备正在愈来愈多地展现出超越传统武器的重要价值。

未来战争中，作战体系智能化的较量将是高手过招、巅峰对决的制胜关键。随着以科技为支撑的军事手段发展的不平衡性越来越大，谁先具备实施智能化作战的能力，谁就更能掌握战场的主动权，拥有技术代差优势的强者会尽可能将战争成本降到最低，而弱者必然遭受巨大损失，付出惨重代价。我们不仅要加紧核心技术创新、武器装备研制，还要研究探索适应军事智能化发展的组织结构、指挥方式和运用模式，更要培养一支能够担起推进军事智能化发展、锻造智能化作战能力的人才队伍，充分发挥我军作战体系的整体效能，在与对手的较量中，以更加“智慧”的方式赢得战争。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jwzl/2017-11/24/content_7841898885.htm

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Chinese Military Exclusive Requirements for Strategies & Tactics of People’s War in The New Era

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新時代中國軍隊對人民戰爭戰略戰術的獨特要求

現代英語：

Looking back on its glorious combat history, the People’s Army has consistently adhered to the absolute leadership of the Party, proposing and implementing a comprehensive set of strategies and tactics for people’s war. These strategies and tactics are a crucial weapon for the People’s Army to defeat the strong with the weak and to conquer the enemy. Over the past 98 years, with the changing times and evolving forms of warfare, the specific content and manifestations of the strategies and tactics for people’s war have continuously evolved. To confront the challenges of information-based and intelligent warfare, we must firmly grasp the essential requirements and value orientations of the strategies and tactics for people’s war amidst the rapidly evolving global trends and practices, unifying the inherently unchanging laws of conduct with the external realities of change, and continuously innovating and developing the strategies and tactics for people’s war in the new era.

President Xi Jinping emphasized that no matter how the situation develops, the magic weapon of people’s war must never be lost. However, we must grasp the new characteristics and new requirements of people’s war in the new era, innovate its content, methods and approaches, and unleash its overall power. Currently, facing profound challenges brought about by changes in science and technology, warfare, and our adversaries, we must not only inherit and carry forward the fine traditions of people’s war, but also be sensitive to changes, actively respond to them, and proactively seek change. We must accurately grasp the inherent requirements of the strategies and tactics of people’s war in the new era, consciously update our thinking and concepts, and innovate strategic guidance, so that this magic weapon of defeating the enemy can be demonstrated on future battlefields.

Adhere to relying on the people and deeply rooted

In the long practice of revolutionary war, the people are the most profound force for victory. The people are the primary force behind the strategies and tactics of people’s war, a magic weapon for victory. People’s war has its roots deeply rooted in the people, and its confidence comes from the people. Regardless of how the times change or how the war evolves, relying closely on the people and fully mobilizing them will always be the fundamental condition and the only way to carry out people’s war. Developing the strategies and tactics of people’s war in the new era requires adhering to the mass perspective of history and the fundamental requirement that soldiers and civilians are the foundation of victory. We must integrate the traditional strategic advantages of people’s war with the mass line, broaden the sources of vitality for the strategies and tactics of people’s war, draw strategic wisdom and tactical methods from the people, and develop an intellectual advantage for people’s war in the new era. We must solidly carry out national defense education throughout the nation, continuously foster a strong sense of patriotism, inspire patriotism, strengthen awareness of potential dangers, and enhance national defense awareness. We must guide the masses to actively care about and support national defense, thereby infusing powerful spiritual strength into people’s war in the new era. We must focus on promoting high-quality population development, comprehensively improve the cultural, scientific, and innovative qualities of the entire population, accelerate the development of a modern human resource base of high quality, sufficient in volume, optimized in structure, and rationally distributed, and promote the shift of the dominant force in people’s war from quantitative to qualitative. Further improve the national defense mobilization system and mechanism, promote the establishment of a rapid response system that is connected with the national emergency response mechanism and integrated with the joint combat system, fully tap and gather the unlimited war potential contained in the people, and give full play to the resource aggregation and value-added effect.

Focus on overall planning and full-area offense and defense

In the long-term practice of revolutionary warfare, the strategies and tactics of people’s war require the comprehensive mobilization of diverse forces and resources in the political, economic, cultural, diplomatic, and military sectors, and the integrated use of various forms of struggle and methods of operation. This holistic approach compensates for local deficiencies and disadvantages, ultimately defeating powerful adversaries. Modern warfare is not only a fierce confrontation in the military sphere, but also a comprehensive struggle in the political, economic, and diplomatic spheres, exhibiting the distinct characteristics of hybrid warfare. To develop the strategies and tactics of people’s war in the new era, we must establish a broad systemic mindset, relying on the national strategic system and supported by the joint operations system, explore the implementation methods of people’s war strategies and tactics, and win the total war of people’s war in the new era. We should fully leverage the advantages of the new national system, relying on the integrated national strategic system and capabilities, efficiently aggregate superior resources across the board, fully activate the country’s national defense potential, and weave various forces and resources into a network. We should integrate and plan the subsystems of people’s war, including leadership, organization, personnel, command, technology, equipment, and support, to maximize the effectiveness of holistic linkage and systemic operation, and achieve the maximum benefits of all-round effort and multiplied energy. We must strengthen comprehensive coordination across the physical, information, and social domains, focusing on seeking breakthroughs in new domains and new qualities, and making achievements in new dimensions such as unmanned warfare, human-machine collaborative warfare, network and electronic warfare, space and deep-sea warfare, and intelligent and autonomous warfare. Military and non-military means must be coordinated, integrating various forms of struggle, including political, economic, diplomatic, public opinion, and military. Comprehensive measures must be implemented to effectively wage diplomatic offensive and defensive battles, financial and trade battles, psychological defense battles, and public opinion and legal battles. We must leverage the combined effectiveness of political offensives and armed strikes to effectively fight the political and military battles.

Strengthen active defense and take the initiative

Through the long practice of revolutionary warfare, the People’s Army has developed a comprehensive strategic philosophy of active defense, emphasizing, for example, the unity of strategic defense and offensive action in campaigns and battles, the principles of defense, self-defense, and preemptive strike, and the principle of “if no one offends me, I will not offend; if someone offends me, I will certainly offend.” Active defense is fundamentally defensive, its essence lies in activeness, and its inherent characteristic is proactiveness. Currently, profound changes have taken place in the international, national, and Party, military, and political landscapes. The strategies and tactics of people’s war in the new era generally adhere to the fundamental principle of defense and are not aimed at hegemony, aggression, or oppression of other countries. Consequently, they will win the support and endorsement of the vast majority of the Chinese people, as well as the understanding and assistance of peace-loving and justice-loving countries and peoples around the world. Developing the strategies and tactics of people’s war in the new era must adapt to the times and circumstances. We must adhere to a defensive national defense policy, implement the military strategic guidelines of the new era, excel at observing and analyzing issues from a political perspective, and be adept at considering and applying strategies from regional and global perspectives to consolidate the political foundation for victory in people’s war. We must persist in neither provoking trouble nor fearing it, strengthen the regular and diversified use of military force, firmly and flexibly carry out military struggle, and while adhering to the strategic preemptive strike, we must not give up campaign and combat offensives under favorable conditions and when necessary. We must advance steadily, make progress within stability, and be proactive within stability, effectively shape the security situation, contain crises and conflicts, and firmly grasp the initiative in the struggle.

Highlight new quality dominance and technological empowerment

In the long practice of revolutionary warfare, while emphasizing that victory in war is primarily determined by people, not objects, the People’s Army has also placed great emphasis on the research and development of advanced military technology, particularly weaponry. Comrade Mao Zedong once emphasized that without modern equipment, it would be impossible to defeat the armies of imperialism. The technological content of modern warfare has undergone a qualitative leap, with advanced technologies and new weaponry such as artificial intelligence, big data, quantum computing, unmanned aerial vehicles, and brain control being widely applied in the military. While the people remain the decisive force in determining victory in war, the manifestation of this power has undergone significant changes. Science and technology are core combat power, and People’s War will place greater emphasis on the application of scientific and technological means and rely even more heavily on the wisdom and creativity of the people. Developing the strategies and tactics of People’s War in the new era should prioritize winning information-based and intelligent warfare. We should deeply study the essential characteristics, winning mechanisms, and strategies and tactics of high-end warfare, accelerate the shift from “winning by numbers” to “winning by talent,” and from “winning by manpower” to “winning by intelligence,” effectively enhance our ability to win through scientific and technological empowerment and digital intelligence, and truly unleash the crucial role of science and technology and talent in People’s War in the new era. We will accelerate the development of high-tech industries, vigorously strengthen the construction of new forces in new domains such as ocean, space, cyberspace, artificial intelligence, and quantum technology, increase military-civilian collaboration in high-tech fields, accelerate the transformation and application of new productive forces into new combat capabilities, and promote the expansion of war potential reserves into emerging fields and the focus on new forces. We will integrate and coordinate military and civilian scientific and technological advantages, shifting the focus from traditional support and guarantee elements such as human and material resources to new support and guarantee elements such as information, technology, and intelligence. We will build information, resource, and technology pools with profound foundations and rich reserves, actively cultivate capable, strong, and professional professional support units, and continuously expand the breadth and depth of people’s participation in the war and scientific and technological support.

Emphasis on flexibility, maneuverability, innovation and checks and balances

In the long-term practice of revolutionary warfare, the strategies and tactics of People’s War are highly flexible and maneuverable. Their most essential requirement is to prioritize self-reliance, attacking the enemy without being attacked by them. Based on the actual situation of both sides, we fight the battles based on our weapons, against the enemy, and at the right time and place. We identify the enemy’s weaknesses and vulnerabilities, leverage our strengths and advantages, and defeat the enemy with our own strengths, always seizing the initiative on the battlefield. Flexible and maneuverable strategies and tactics are the magic weapon for defeating an enemy with superior equipment with inferior equipment. “You fight yours, I fight mine” is a summary and generalization of the long-term experience of China’s revolutionary war and the soul and essence of the strategies and tactics of People’s War. Developing the strategies and tactics of People’s War in the new era must grasp the methodological requirements of asymmetric checks and balances, leverage innovative operational concepts, adhere to the mechanisms of victory in modern warfare, and continuously develop practical and effective tactics to defeat the enemy. We must proceed from the actual circumstances of both sides, gaining a deep understanding of operational missions, adversaries, and the evolving operational environment. We must thoroughly grasp the concepts, elements, and methods of victory, objectively analyze and study the strengths and weaknesses, advantages and disadvantages of both sides, know the enemy and ourselves, adapt to the situation, and flexibly utilize various combat forces and methods, striving to achieve maximum results at the lowest cost. We must adhere to the principle of “attacking the enemy without being attacked by them,” capitalize on strengths and avoid weaknesses, avoid the real and attack the weak, attack where the enemy is least prepared, and attack where they must be defended. We must proactively create opportunities, flexibly maneuver the enemy, and fight wherever we are most advantageous and wherever we are most skilled. We must adhere to the principle of “using what we can to defeat what we cannot,” advancing the research and application of military theory, operational guidance, tactics, and training methods in a timely manner, innovating core operational concepts, and developing new types of combat methods. We must fight against the enemy’s tactics, targeting their weaknesses, and leveraging our military’s strengths, thus creating new winning advantages in people’s war through asymmetric checks and balances.

Emphasis on accumulating small things into big things and focusing on unity of purpose

Throughout the long practice of revolutionary warfare, our army has been at an overall disadvantage for considerable periods. Therefore, the strategies and tactics of people’s war emphasize leveraging strength against weakness locally, persisting in accumulating small victories into larger ones, and concentrating forces to wage annihilation campaigns. This has become a key strategy for the people’s army to defeat powerful foes. Compared to previous eras, modern warfare often unfolds across multiple dimensions and domains, providing greater scope for implementing this strategy of “accumulating small victories into larger ones.” Developing the strategies and tactics of people’s war in the new era requires strengthening the concept of “dispersed in appearance, yet focused in spirit; dispersed in form, yet united in strength.” This involves dynamically consolidating and uniting the numerous combat forces distributed across the multidimensional battlefield. Through the fusion of capabilities and immediate optimization, we can launch rapid localized focused-energy attacks, wide-area guerrilla harassment, and deliver annihilating and destructive strikes against key enemy locations. This not only creates a hammering effect, but also continuously wears down the enemy, gradually depriving them of the initiative on the battlefield. This highly integrated distributed warfare emphasizes the wide-area dispersion of troop deployment and the discrete distribution of capabilities. Based on the needs of achieving operational intent, objectives, and missions, it prioritizes the best operational elements, units, and forces. Through the integration of operational capabilities and the accumulation of operational impacts, it aggregates optimal operational effects, unleashes maximum operational potential, maximizes operational effectiveness, and achieves optimal operational results. This distributed warfare has evolved from “geographical dispersion” to “dynamic coupling across all domains and dimensions”: no longer limited to the physical dispersion of personnel and equipment, it extends to multi-dimensional battlefields such as cyber, electromagnetic, and cognitive. Relying on data links, artificial intelligence, and distributed command systems to achieve cross-domain collaboration, it significantly enhances battlefield survivability and multiplies strike effectiveness.

現代國語：

編者按

回望輝煌戰鬥歷程，人民軍隊始終堅持在黨的絕對領導下，提出並實施了一整套人民戰爭戰略戰術，這是人民軍隊以弱勝強、克敵制勝的重要法寶。 98年來，隨著時代變遷和戰爭形態演變，人民戰爭戰略戰術的具體內容和表現形式不斷發展變化。直面資訊化智慧化戰爭挑戰，我們要在快速變化發展的世界大勢和實踐樣態中，牢牢把握人民戰爭戰略戰術的本質要求和價值取向，把內在不變的規律性特徵與外在變化的現實性特徵統一起來，不斷創新發展新時代人民戰爭戰略戰術。

習主席強調指出，無論形勢如何發展，人民戰爭這個法寶永遠不能丟，但要把握新的時代條件下人民戰爭的新特點新要求，創新內容和方式方法，充分發揮人民戰爭的整體威力。當前，面對科技之變、戰爭之變、對手之變帶來的深刻挑戰，我們既要繼承發揚人民戰爭優良傳統，也要敏銳識變、積極應變、主動求變，準確把握新時代人民戰爭戰略戰術內在要求，自覺更新思維理念，創新戰略指導，讓克敵制勝的法寶顯威未來戰場。

堅持依靠人民、深根基

在長期革命戰爭實踐中，人民群眾是戰爭勝利最深厚的偉力。人民戰爭戰略戰術，人民是構成這一制勝法寶的主體，人民戰爭的根基深植於人民、底氣來自於人民，無論時代如何發展、戰爭如何演進，緊緊依靠人民、充分動員群眾，永遠是開展人民戰爭的基礎條件和不二法門。新時代條件下發展人民戰爭戰略戰術，必須堅持群眾史觀和兵民是勝利之本的根本要求，把人民戰爭的傳統謀略優勢和群眾路線結合起來，拓展人民戰爭戰略戰術的源頭活水，從人民群眾中汲取戰略智慧和策略方法，形成新時代人民戰爭的智力優勢。札實開展全民防衛教育，不斷厚植家國情懷，激發愛國動力，強化憂患意識，增強國防觀念，引導廣大群眾主動關心國防事業、支持國防建設，為新時代人民戰爭注入強大精神力量。聚力推進人口高品質發展，全面提升全民文化素質、科技素質和創新能力，加速塑造素質優良、總量充裕、結構優化、分佈合理的現代化人力資源，推動人民戰爭主體由數量優勢向質量優勢轉變。進一步完善國防動員體制機制，推動建立與國家應急響應機制相銜接、與聯合作戰體系相融合的快速響應制度，把內含於人民群眾中的無限戰爭潛力充分挖掘出來、聚攏起來，充分發揮資源集聚增值效應。

注重整體運籌、全域攻防

在長期革命戰爭實踐中，人民戰爭戰略戰術要求整體動員政治、經濟、文化、外交、軍事等多方面的力量資源，綜合運用多種鬥爭形式和作戰方式，以整體合力彌補局部的不足和劣勢，從而戰勝強大對手。現代戰爭既是軍事領域的激烈對抗，也是政治、經濟、外交等領域的全面角力，整體呈現混合戰爭的鮮明特徵。新時代條件下發展人民戰爭戰略戰術，必須確立大體系思維模式，以國家戰略體係為依托，以聯合作戰體係為支撐，探索人民戰爭戰略戰術的實現形式，打贏新時代人民戰爭總體戰。應充分發揮新型舉國體制優勢，依託一體化國家戰略體系與能力，高效能聚合全域優勢資源，全方位激活國家國防潛力，將各種力量資源擰線成繩、結繩成網，把人民戰爭的領導要素、組織要素、人員要素、指揮要素、技術要素、裝備要素、保障要素等分系統結合起來，統合、統合方式要加強物理域、資訊域、社會域等領域全面統籌，重點在新域新質上尋求突破，在無人作戰、人機協同作戰、網電作戰、太空深海作戰、智慧自主作戰等新維度有所作為。軍事與非軍事手段相互配合，把政治、經濟、外交、輿論和軍事鬥爭等多種形式結合起來，綜合施策著力打好外交攻防戰、金融貿易戰、心理防護戰、輿論法理戰等，發揮政治攻勢和武裝打擊的綜合效能，統籌打好政治軍事仗。

強化積極防禦、主動進取

在長期革命戰爭實踐中，人民軍隊形成了一整套積極防禦戰略思想，如堅持戰略上防禦與戰役戰斗上進攻的統一，堅持防禦、自衛、後發製人的原則，堅持“人不犯我，我不犯人；人若犯我，我必犯人”，等等。積極防禦，根本在防禦、要義在積極，主動進取是其內在特質。當前，世情國情黨情軍情發生深刻變化，新時代人民戰爭的戰略戰術在總體上堅持防禦性的根本原則，不以霸道霸權和侵略欺壓他國為目的，因此也會贏得國內最廣大人民群眾擁護和支持以及世界上愛好和平與正義的國家和人民的理解和幫助。新時代條件下發展人民戰爭戰略戰術，須應時而變、應勢而動。堅持奉行防禦性國防政策，貫徹落實新時代軍事戰略方針，善於從政治高度出發觀察和分析問題，善於從地區和全球視角來思考和運用策略，夯實人民戰爭制勝的政治基礎。堅持不惹事也不怕事，加強軍事力量常態化多樣化運用，堅定靈活開展軍事鬥爭，在堅持戰略上後發製人的同時，不放棄有利條件下和必要時的戰役戰鬥進攻，穩紮穩打、穩中有進、穩中有為，有效塑造安全態勢，遏止危機沖突，牢牢把握爭鬥主動權。

突顯新質主導、科技賦能

在長期革命戰爭實踐中，人民軍隊在強調決定戰爭勝負的主要因素是人而不是物的同時，同樣高度重視對先進軍事技術特別是武器裝備的研發。毛澤東同志就曾強調，沒有現代的裝備，要戰勝帝國主義的軍隊是不可能的。現代戰爭的科技含量發生了質的飛躍，人工智慧、大數據、量子計算、無人自主、腦控等高新技術與新型武器裝備廣泛應用於軍事領域。雖然人民群眾依然是戰爭勝負的決定性力量，但是這種力量的表現形式發生了重要變化。科技是核心戰鬥力，人民戰爭將更重視科技手段的運用，更依賴人民群眾的智慧和創造力。新時代條件下發展人民戰爭戰略戰術，應把打贏資訊化智能化戰爭作為戰爭準備的著眼點，深研高端戰爭的本質特徵、制勝機理、戰略戰法，加速推動從「人多製勝」向「人才制勝」、從「人力製勝」向「智力製勝」轉變，切實提高新科技賦能、數智者發揮勝利能力、數智性的科技人才、新人民主義中的關鍵人民發揮作用。加速推進高新產業發展，大力加強海洋、太空、網路空間、人工智慧、量子科技等新域新質力量建設，加大高新技術領域軍地協作力度，加速新質生產力向新質戰鬥力轉化運用，推動戰爭潛力儲備向新興領域拓展、向新質力量聚焦。聚合協同軍地科技優勢，由聚焦人力物力等傳統支撐保障要素向聚焦資訊、技術、智慧等新質支撐保障要素轉變，建設底蘊深厚、儲備豐富的資訊池、資源池、技術池，積極打造精幹強能、專業性強的專業支前分隊，不斷拓展人民參戰與科技支前的廣度與深度。

講究靈活機動、創新制衡

在長期革命戰爭實踐中，人民戰爭戰略戰術是高度靈活機動的戰略戰術，最本質的要求是堅持以我為主，致人而不致於人，根據敵我雙方的實際情況，有什麼武器打什麼仗，對什麼敵人打什麼仗，在什麼時間地點打什麼時間地點的仗，找準敵之弱點和軟肋，發揚我之長主動和優勢，能永遠不能掌握戰場。靈活機動的戰略戰術是以劣勢裝備戰勝優勢裝備之敵的致勝法寶。 “你打你的、我打我的”，是中國革命戰爭長期經驗的總結和概括，是人民戰爭戰略戰術的靈魂和精髓。新時代條件下發展人民戰爭戰略戰術，必須掌握非對稱制衡的方法論要求，以作戰概念創新為抓手，遵循現代戰爭制勝機理，不斷推出實用管用的克敵制勝招法。堅持一切從敵我雙方的實際情況出發，深刻洞悉作戰任務、作戰對手、作戰環境變化，深刻把握制勝觀念、制勝要素、制勝方式發展，客觀分析研究敵我雙方的強弱、優劣，知彼知己、因勢而變，靈活運用各種作戰力量和作戰方法，努力以最小代價取得最大戰果。堅持“致人而不致於人”，揚長避短、避實就虛，出其不趨、攻其必救，主動創造戰機，靈活調動敵人，怎麼有利就怎麼打，怎麼擅長就怎麼打。堅持“以能擊不能”，與時俱進推進軍事理論、作戰指導、戰法訓法研究運用，創新核心作戰概念，發展新質作戰手段，不按敵人套路打、盯著敵人軟肋打、發揮我軍優長打，在非對稱制衡中創造人民戰爭新的製勝優勢。

重視積小為大、神聚力合

在長期革命戰爭實踐中，我軍在相當長的時間內都是處於全局上的劣勢地位，所以人民戰爭戰略戰術重視局部上以強對弱，堅持積小勝為大勝，集中力量打殲滅戰，這成為人民軍隊戰勝強敵的關鍵一招。相較於以往，現代戰爭作戰往往在多維多域中展開，為實施「積小勝為大勝」提供了更加廣闊空間。新時代條件下發展人民戰爭戰略戰術，要強化「貌散而神聚，形散而力合」的理念，將分佈在多維戰場的諸多作戰力量動態集中聯合起來，通過效能融合、即時聚優，實施局部快速聚能攻擊、廣域遊擊襲擾，對敵分佈的要點實施殲這種神聚力合的分散式作戰更強調兵力部署廣域分散、能力狀態離散分佈，根據實現作戰企圖、達成作戰目的、遂行作戰任務需要，優選最佳作戰要素、單元、力量，通過作戰能力融合、行動作用累積，聚合最優作戰效應，激發最大作戰潛能，實現作戰效益最大化，達成最佳作戰效果。這種分散式作戰已經從「地理空間的分散」上升為「全局全維的動態耦合」：不再局限於人員裝備在物理空間的分散，而是拓展到網絡、電磁、認知等多維戰場；依託數據鏈、人工智能和分佈式指揮系統實現跨域協同，既極大提升了戰場生存力，又倍增了打擊效能。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/szb_223187/szbxq/index.html?paperName=jfjb&paperDate=2025-08-01&paperNumber=07&articleid=960384888

#Artificial #Intelligence, #Chinese #Quantum #technology, #cross-domain collaborative operations, #Information Support Force, #informatization, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations

Military Intelligence Drives Accelerated Development of Chinese Army Cyberspace Operations

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軍事情報推動中國軍隊網路空間作戰加速發展

現代英語：

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to “accelerate the development of military intelligence and improve joint combat capabilities and all-region combat capabilities based on network information systems”. Today’s “Liberation Army Daily” published an article pointing out that military intelligence is a new trend and new direction in the development of the military field after mechanization and informatization. We must develop intelligence on the basis of existing mechanization and informatization, and at the same time use intelligence to Traction mechanization and informatization to develop to a higher level and at a higher level. As a new combat field, cyberspace is a new field with high technological content and the most innovative vitality. Driven by military intelligence, it is ushering in a period of rapid development opportunities.

Military intelligence leads to accelerated development of cyberspace operations

■Respect the soldiers Zhou Dewang and Huang Anwei

Three major technologies support the intelligence of cyberspace weapons

Intelligence is a kind of wisdom and ability. It is the induction, cognition and application of laws by all systems with a life cycle. Intelligence is to solidify this wisdom and ability and become a state. A cyberspace weapon is a weapon used in cyberspace to carry out combat missions. Its form is dominated by software and code, and it is essentially a piece of data. The intelligence of cyberspace weapons is mainly reflected in the following three aspects:

First, intelligent vulnerability mining. Vulnerabilities are the basis for the design of cyber weapons. The ransomware that spread around the world in May this year took advantage of vulnerabilities in Microsoft’s operating system and caused a huge shock to the cybersecurity community. Vulnerabilities are expensive, ranging from tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars for a zero-day. The discovery of previous vulnerabilities mainly relied on experienced hackers, who used software tools to check and analyze the code. In the finals of the International Cybersecurity Technology Competition League held during this year’s China Internet Security Conference, participants demonstrated that intelligent robots conduct vulnerability mining on site, and then write network code through vulnerabilities to form cyber weapons, break through target systems, and seize flags. This change means that vulnerability mining has entered an era of intelligence.

Second, intelligent signal analysis and password deciphering. Signals are the carrier of network data transmission, and passwords are the last barrier to network data security. Signal analysis and password deciphering are core technologies for cyberspace operations. Breaking through signals and passwords is the basic path into cyberspace and the primary target of cyber weapon attacks. Intelligent signal analysis solves problems such as protocol analysis, modulation recognition, and individual recognition of signals through big data, cloud computing, deep learning and other technologies. Code-breaking is computational science “the crown jewel”. Through the accumulation of password data samples, intelligent code-breaking can continuously learn and find patterns, and can find the key to deciphering, thereby opening the last door of network data “safe” and solving network problems. Key links of intrusion and access.

Third, the design of an intelligent weapons platform. The U.S. military proposed the “Cyber Aircraft” project in 2009 to provide platforms such as tanks, ships, and aircraft for cyberspace operations. It can realize automatic reconnaissance, loading of cyber weapons, autonomous coordination, and autonomous attacks in cyberspace. When threatened, Self-destruction and removal of traces have certain intelligent characteristics. The weapons loaded by future “cyber aircraft” are not code compiled by software personnel, but directly based on the reconnaissance results to design intelligent cyber weapons on site in real time and achieve “ordered” development, thus greatly improving cyberspace operations. Targeted.

The intelligent trend of network-controlled weapons has become increasingly prominent

Weapons controlled by cyberspace are referred to as cyber-controlled weapons. They are weapons that connect through the network, accept cyberspace instructions, perform cross-domain tasks, and achieve combat effects in physical space. Most of the various combat weapons platforms in the future will be networked weapons platforms. In this way, the military information network is essentially the Internet of Things. Network entities such as uplink satellites, radars, and drones can detect, track, locate, and strike through the Internet. Space control, the intelligence of network-controlled weapons has flourished in battlefields such as land, sea, air, space and electricity.

In 2015, Syria used the Russian Robot Corps to defeat militants. The operation used 6 tracked robots, 4 wheeled robots, 1 automated artillery group, several drones and 1 command system. The commander dispatches drone reconnaissance through the chain of command to spot the militants, and the robots charge the militants, while accompanied by artillery and drone attack force support, delivering a fatal blow to the militants. It was only a small-scale battle, but it set the precedent for robot “group” operations.

Network-controlled intelligent weapons for sea and air battlefields are being developed and verified in large quantities. In 2014, the U.S. Navy used 13 unmanned surface boats to demonstrate and verify that unmanned boat groups intercepted enemy ships and achieved good results mainly by exchanging sensor data. When it was tested again in 2016, functions such as collaborative task allocation and tactical coordination were added, and “swarm awareness” became a distinctive feature of its intelligence.

Swarms of small and micro UAVs for aerial combat are also growing rapidly. In recent years, the U.S. Department of Defense has repeatedly tested the “Quail” micro-drone, which can drop dozens or even hundreds at a time. By improving its coordination capabilities when performing reconnaissance missions, it has made great progress in drone formation, command, control, and intelligence. Progress has been made in management and other aspects.

Space-based cyber-controlled weapons are becoming more and more “smart”. The air and space field mainly contains two types of network-controlled weapons: reconnaissance and strike. Satellites with various functions mainly perform reconnaissance missions and are typical reconnaissance sensors. With the emergence of various small and microsatellite groups, satellites have been made to exhibit new characteristics: small size, fast launch, large number, and greater intelligence. Small and microsatellite groups have greater flexibility and reliability when performing reconnaissance and communication missions, and currently the world’s satellite powers are actively developing plans for small and microsatellite groups with wider coverage.

Hypersonic strike weapons of all kinds cruised in the air and space, as if sharp swords were hanging over people’s heads. The U.S. Air Force Research Office stated that “high-speed strike weapons” will launch flight tests around 2018, and other countries are also actively developing similar weapons. The biggest features of this type of weapon are their high speed, long range, and high intelligence.

Intelligent command information system changes traditional combat command methods

Cyberspace weapons and weapons controlled by cyberspace are the “fist” of intelligent warfare, and the command information system that directs the use of these weapons is the “brain” of intelligent warfare. Cyberspace combat command information systems must keep up with intelligence simultaneously. process. At present, almost all command information systems in the world are facing the difficult problem of “intelligent lag”. In future wars, rapid decision-making and autonomous decision-making are required, which places higher requirements on intelligent auxiliary systems.

In 2007, the U.S. Department of Defense’s Advanced Research Projects Agency launched a research and development program on command and control systems ——“Project Dark Green” in order to enable computer-aided commanders to make rapid decisions and win opportunities. This is a campaign tactical-level command information system. Its research and development purpose is to embed the system into the U.S. Army brigade-level C4ISR wartime command information system to achieve intelligent command of commanders. To this day, the U.S. military has not relaxed its development of intelligent command information systems.

In cyberspace operations, the network target appears as an IP address connected to the network. The large number makes it difficult for manual operations to operate efficiently, and operations require the auxiliary support of intelligent command information systems. Currently, intelligent command information systems need to realize functions such as intelligent intelligence analysis, intelligent perception, intelligent navigation and positioning, intelligent assisted decision-making, intelligent collaboration, intelligent evaluation, and intelligent unmanned combat, especially to realize cluster combat control of unmanned network control systems, which has put forward urgent needs for intelligent command information systems and requires accelerating the research and development and application of corresponding key technologies.

To sum up, intelligent cyber weapons and cyber-controlled weapons, through intelligent information system scheduling, will form huge combat capabilities and can basically carry out all actions in the current combat style. In future wars, from the formation of command forces, to target selection, mode of action, use of tactics, etc., will all be carried out in an intelligent context. The characteristics of war “gamification” will be more significant, and the combat command method will also undergo major changes.

In the future battlefield, fighting courage requires more fighting “wisdom”

■Yang Jian and Zhao Lu

At present, the development of artificial intelligence has entered a new stage, and its penetration into various fields has begun to accelerate. As a result of this process, military competition among nations around intelligence has begun. Our army has always been a heroic and tenacious people’s army that dares to fight and win. In the future, we should continue to carry forward the glorious tradition on the battlefield. At the same time, we must more extensively master and utilize the latest scientific and technological achievements, develop more intelligent weapons and equipment, and develop more intelligent weapons and equipment. Take advantage of the opportunity to win on the battlefield.

Intelligence is a trend in the development of human society, and the war on intelligence is accelerating. It is thanks to successful innovations that go beyond the original architectural computing models, the gradual popularization of nanofabrication technologies, and breakthrough advances in the study of human brain mechanisms that the development of military intelligence has acquired a solid foundation. As a result, intelligent weapons and equipment have become increasingly prominent and are beginning to surpass and replace humans in intelligence analysis, combat response, and more. In addition, in terms of manpower requirements, comprehensive support and operating costs, intelligent weapons and equipment also have obvious advantages and are increasingly becoming the dominant force in warfare.

It has been proven that the development and application of intelligent weapons and equipment has expanded the scope of capabilities for military operations and greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the troops. On the battlefields of Afghanistan and Iraq, UAVs have taken on most of the operational support tasks of reconnaissance, intelligence, surveillance, and about one-third of the air strike tasks. In the past two years, Russia has also repeatedly used unmanned reconnaissance aircraft, combat robots and other equipment with a high degree of intelligence on the Syrian battlefield. Intelligent weapons and equipment are increasingly demonstrating important values that go beyond traditional weapons.

In future wars, the competition for intelligent combat systems will be the key to victory in master battles and peak duels. With the increasing imbalance in the development of military means supported by science and technology, whoever has the ability to implement intelligent operations first will be better able to take the initiative on the battlefield. The strong with the advantage of technological generation will try their best to The cost of war is minimized, while the weak will inevitably suffer huge losses and pay heavy prices. We must not only step up core technological innovation and weapons and equipment development, but also study and explore organizational structures, command methods and application models that adapt to the intelligent development of the military. We must also cultivate a team that can take on the responsibility of promoting the intelligent development of the military and forging intelligent combat capabilities. Talent team, give full play to the overall effectiveness of our military’s combat system, and compete with our opponents Win wars in a more “intelligent” way.

現代國語：

資料來源：中國軍網綜合作者：敬兵 周德旺 皇安偉 等責任編輯：胡雪珂

黨的十九大報告指出，要「加速軍事智慧化發展，提升基於網路資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全域作戰能力」。今天的《解放軍報》刊發文章指出，軍事智能化是機械化、資訊化之後軍事領域發展的新趨勢和新方向，我們要在現有機械化和資訊化基礎上發展智能化，同時用智能化牽引機械化和信息化向更高水平、更高層次發展。網路空間作為新型作戰領域，是科技含量高、最具創新活力的新領域，在軍事智慧化的牽引下，正迎來快速發展的機會期。

軍事智慧化牽引網路空間作戰加速發展

■敬兵 週德旺 皇安偉

三大技術支撐網路空間武器智慧化

智能是一種智慧和能力，是一切有生命週期的系統對規律的感應、認知與運用，智能化就是把這種智慧和能力固化下來，成為一種狀態。網路空間武器是網路空間遂行作戰任務的武器，其形態以軟體和程式碼為主，本質上是一段資料。網路空間武器的智慧化主要體現在以下三個方面：

一是智慧化漏洞挖掘。漏洞是網路武器設計的基礎，今年5月在全球傳播的勒索病毒軟體，就是利用了微軟作業系統漏洞，為網路安全界帶來了巨大震動。漏洞價格昂貴，零日漏洞價值幾萬到幾十萬美元不等。過去漏洞的發現，主要依靠有經驗的駭客，利用軟體工具對程式碼進行檢查和分析。今年中國網路安全大會期間舉辦的國際網路安全技術對抗聯賽總決賽中，參賽人員示範由智慧機器人現場進行漏洞挖掘，然後透過漏洞編寫網路程式碼，形成網路武器，攻破目標系統，奪取旗幟。這項變化，意味著漏洞挖掘進入了智慧化時代。

二是智能化訊號分析和密碼破譯。訊號是網路資料傳輸的載體，密碼是網路資料安全的最後屏障，訊號分析和密碼破解是網路空間作戰的核心技術，突破訊號和密碼是進入網路空間的基本路徑，也是網路武器攻擊的首要目標。智慧化訊號分析將訊號的協定分析、調變辨識、個體辨識等問題，透過大數據、雲端運算、深度學習等技術來解決。密碼破解是計算科學“皇冠上的明珠”，智能化密碼破譯通過對密碼數據樣本的積累，不斷學習、尋找規律，能找到破譯的鑰匙，從而打開網絡數據“保險櫃”的最後一扇門，解決網絡入侵和接入的關鍵環節。

三是智慧化武器平台設計。美軍在2009年提出「網路飛行器」項目，為網路空間作戰提供像戰車、艦艇、飛機這樣的平台，可以實現在網路空間裡自動偵察、載入網路武器、自主協同、自主攻擊，受到威脅時自我銷毀、清除痕跡，具備了一定的智慧化特徵。未來「網路飛行器」載入的武器，不是軟體人員編好的程式碼，而是根據偵察結果直接對發現的漏洞，現場即時進行智慧化網路武器設計，實現「訂購式」開發，從而大大提高網路空間作戰的針對性。

網控武器的智慧化趨勢愈加凸顯

受網路空間控制的武器簡稱網路武器，是透過網路連接，接受網路空間指令，執行跨域任務，在實體空間達成作戰效果的武器。未來的各種作戰武器平台，大多是聯網的武器平台，這樣軍事資訊網本質上就是物聯網，上聯衛星、雷達、無人機等網路實體，從感知到發現、追蹤、定位、打擊都可透過網路空間控制，網控武器的智慧化已在陸海空天電等戰場蓬勃發展。

2015年，敘利亞利用俄羅斯機器人軍團擊潰武裝分子，行動採用了包括6個履帶式機器人、4個輪式機器人、1個自動化火砲群、數架無人機和1套指揮系統。指揮官透過指揮系統調度無人機偵察發現武裝分子，機器人向武裝分子發動衝鋒，同時伴隨火砲和無人機攻擊力量支援，對武裝分子進行了致命打擊。這只是一場小規模的戰鬥，卻開啟了機器人「組團」作戰的先河。

海空戰場網控智慧武器正在大量研發驗證。 2014年，美國海軍使用13艘無人水面艇，示範驗證無人艇集群攔截敵方艦艇，主要透過交換感測器數據，取得了不錯的效果。 2016年再次試驗時，新增了協同任務分配、戰術配合等功能，「蜂群意識」成為其智慧化的顯著特徵。

用於空中作戰的小微型無人機蜂群也正在快速發展。近年來，美國國防部多次試驗「山銻」微型無人機，可一次投放數十架乃至上百架，透過提升其執行偵察任務時的協同能力，在無人機編隊、指揮、控制、智慧化管理等方面都取得了進展。

空天網控武器越來越「聰明」。空天領域主要包含偵察和打擊兩類網控武器，各種功能的衛星主要執行偵察任務，是典型的偵察感測器。隨著各種小微衛星群的出現，使衛星表現出新的特徵：體積小、發射快、數量多、更聰明。小微衛星群在執行偵察和通訊任務時，有了更大的彈性和可靠性，目前世界衛星強國都在積極制定覆蓋範圍更廣的小微衛星群計畫。

各種高超音速打擊武器在空天巡航，彷彿懸在人們頭頂的利劍。美國空軍研究室稱「高速打擊武器」將在2018年前後啟動飛行試驗，其它各國也正積極研發類似武器。這類武器最大的特色是速度快、航程遠、智能化程度高。

智慧化指揮資訊系統改變傳統作戰指揮方式

網路空間武器和受網路空間控制的武器，是智慧化戰爭的“拳頭”，而指揮這些武器運用的指揮資訊系統是智慧化戰爭的“大腦”，網路空間作戰指揮資訊系統要同步跟上智慧化的進程。目前，幾乎全球的指揮資訊系統都面臨著「智慧滯後」的難題，未來戰爭需要快速決策、自主決策，這對智慧輔助系統提出了更高要求。

2007年，美國國防部高級研究計劃局啟動關於指揮控制系統的研發計劃——“深綠色計劃”，以期能實現計算機輔助指揮官快速決策贏得制勝先機。這是一個戰役戰術級的指揮資訊系統，其研發目的是將該系統嵌入美國陸軍旅級C4ISR戰時指揮資訊系統中去，實現指揮官的智慧化指揮。直到今天，美軍也沒有放鬆對智慧化指揮資訊系統的發展。

在網路空間作戰中，網路目標表現為一個接取網路的IP位址，數量眾多導致人工難以有效率操作，作戰更需要智慧化指揮資訊系統的輔助支撐。目前，智慧化指揮資訊系統需要實現智慧情報分析、智慧感知、智慧導航定位、智慧輔助決策、智慧協同、智慧評估、智慧化無人作戰等功能，尤其是實現對無人網控系統的集群作戰操控，這都對智慧化指揮資訊系統提出了迫切需求，需要加快相應關鍵技術的研發和運用。

綜上所述，智慧化的網路武器和網路控制武器，透過智慧化的資訊系統調度，將形成巨大的作戰能力，基本能遂行現行作戰樣式中的所有行動。未來戰爭，從指揮力量編組、到目標選擇、行動方式、戰法運用等，都將在智能化的背景下展開，戰爭「遊戲化」的特徵將更顯著，作戰指揮方式也將發生重大變化。

未來戰場 鬥勇更需鬥“智”

■楊建　趙璐

目前，人工智慧發展進入嶄新階段，並開始向各個領域加速滲透。受此一進程的影響，各國圍繞智慧化的軍事競爭已揭開序幕。我軍歷來是一支英勇頑強、敢打必勝的人民軍隊，未來戰場上應繼續發揚光榮傳統，同時要更加廣泛地掌握和利用最新的科技成果，研製出更多智能化的武器裝備，在未來戰場上掌握制勝先機。

智慧化是人類社會發展的趨勢，智慧化戰爭正加速到來。正是由於超越原有體系結構計算模型的成功創新、奈米製造技術的逐步普及，以及對人腦機制研究的突破性進展，軍事智慧化發展才擁有了堅實的基礎。因此，智慧化武器裝備的表現日益突出，並在情報分析、戰鬥反應等方面開始超越並取代人類。此外，在人力需求、綜合保障、運作成本等方面，智慧化武器裝備也具有明顯的優勢，日益成為戰爭的主導力量。

事實證明，智慧化武器裝備的發展應用，拓展了軍事行動的能力範圍，大幅提升了部隊的作戰效能。在阿富汗和伊拉克戰場上，無人機已承擔了大部分偵察、情報、監視等作戰保障任務，並承擔了約三分之一的空中打擊任務。近兩年，俄羅斯在敘利亞戰場上也曾多次使用較高智慧化程度的無人偵察機、戰鬥機器人等裝備。智慧化武器裝備正愈來愈地展現出超越傳統武器的重要價值。

未來戰爭中，作戰體系智能化的較量將是高手過招、巔峰對決的勝利關鍵。隨著以科技為支撐的軍事手段發展的不平衡性越來越大，誰先具備實施智能化作戰的能力，誰就更能掌握戰場的主動權，擁有技術代差優勢的強者會盡可能將戰爭成本降到最低，而弱者必然遭受巨大損失，付出慘重代價。我們不僅要加緊核心技術創新、武器裝備研製，還要研究探索適應軍事智能化發展的組織結構、指揮方式和運用模式，更要培養一支能夠擔起推進軍事智能化發展、鍛造智能化作戰能力的人才隊伍，充分發揮我軍作戰體系的整體效能，在與對手的較量中，以更加“智慧”的方式贏得戰爭。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jwzl/2017-11/24/content_7841895888.htm

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Chinese Military Exercises Focused on Taiwan Conclude Signaling Joint Containment Strategy

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中國軍事演習的重點是台灣結束信號的聯合遏制策略

現代英語：

The Chinese Communist Party announced the “Strait Thunder-2025A” exercise on the 2nd. The Ministry of National Defense detected 13 Chinese warships, 10 Coast Guard ships, and 8 ships from the Shandong aircraft carrier formation.

(Central News Agency reporter Wu Shuwei, Taipei, 2nd) The two-day Chinese Communist Party military exercise has concluded. Military scholars analyzed that the Chinese Communist Party’s military exercise is still led by politics, using a 70% political and 30% military approach to put pressure on Taiwan, raising the strategic level of “joint blockade” and enhancing the mission role of the Chinese Coast Guard.

The Eastern Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army of China announced yesterday that it would organize the army, navy, air force, and rocket force to conduct joint exercises around Taiwan. Today, it said that the army will conduct long-range live-fire exercises in relevant waters of the East China Sea in accordance with the “Strait Thunder-2025A” exercise plan.

Regarding the characteristics of the CCP’s military exercise that are worthy of Taiwan’s attention, Chen Wenjia, a senior consultant at the National Policy Research Institute, told a Central News Agency reporter that the PLA’s exercise mobilized the army, navy, air force and rocket force to conduct joint combat drills to test the PLA’s coordinated combat capabilities and enhance the overall effectiveness of operations against Taiwan. Secondly, it is an operational practice exercise, including precision strikes on key infrastructure, blockades of ports and other practical subjects, and simulates scenarios of actual military operations against Taiwan, showing that the PLA’s combat preparations against Taiwan are becoming increasingly mature.

Chen Wenjia said that the Chinese Coast Guard also participated in the military exercise and carried out law enforcement patrols and other operations. The purpose was to exert pressure on Taiwan through gray zone harassment and increase the effectiveness of the “three warfares” of public opinion warfare, psychological warfare, and legal warfare against Taiwan.

Su Ziyun, director of the Institute of Defense Strategy and Resources at the National Defense Security Research Institute, said that the CCP’s military exercise this time is still 70% political and 30% military. Compared with the past “Joint Sword” military exercises against Taiwan, this time the CCP has raised the status of the coast guard and the implementation of “joint blockade” to a strategic level, and announced today that the exercises will practice verification and identification, warning and expulsion, and interception and detention. It is to think about non-war military actions with strategic thinking, and when necessary, cut off Taiwan’s sea transportation lines through isolation to force Taiwan to surrender.

Regarding the warning that the CCP’s military exercises send to Taiwan, Chen Wenjia said that as the PLA continues to conduct high-intensity military exercises around Taiwan, it shows that the military threat to Taiwan is escalating, and Taiwan needs to strengthen its own defense capabilities to ensure the security of the Taiwan Strait; secondly, the pressure in the gray zone is increasing, especially the participation of the coast guard force, which means that China is exerting more pressure in the gray zone. Taiwan needs to increase its vigilance against this non-traditional security threat and should formulate corresponding strategies as soon as possible.

Su Ziyun stated that the Chinese Communist Party’s military exercises highlight the importance of “air defense being the most urgent of all.” Whether the CCP intends to attack Taiwan’s ports or energy facilities, it will need to resort to air strikes, such as missile attacks. This means Taiwan’s air defense capabilities need to be strengthened. In response to Chinese Communist Party gray zone harassment, the Navy currently relies on destroyers and frigates as its main combat vessels. The Navy should emulate the British Navy’s deployment of surveillance vessels, such as River-class patrol vessels, to counter gray zone harassment and preserve the availability and capacity of its main combat vessels. (Editor: Yang Lanxuan) 1140402

現代國語：

中共2日宣布「海峽雷霆-2025A」演練，國防部偵獲共艦13艘、海警船10艘及山東號航艦編隊8艘。 （中央社製圖）

（中央社記者吳書緯台北2日電）中共兩天軍演落幕，軍事學者分析，中共此次軍演仍以政治掛帥，採7分政治、3分軍事的方式對台施壓，拉高「聯合封控」的戰略位階，提升中國海警的任務角色。

中國人民解放軍東部戰區昨天稱組織陸海空軍與火箭軍等兵力，在台灣週邊展開聯合演訓，今天則是稱陸軍部隊按「海峽雷霆-2025A」演練計畫，在東海相關海域實施遠程火力實彈射擊演練。

針對中共此次軍演值得台灣關注的特點，國策研究院資深顧問陳文甲告訴中央社記者，共軍此次演習動用了陸海空軍與火箭軍進行聯合作戰演練，測試共軍的協同作戰能力，提升對台作戰的整體效能，其次是操作實戰化科目演練，包括對關鍵基礎設施的精確打擊、封鎖港口等實戰化科目，並模擬對台灣進行實際軍事行動的場景，顯示共軍針對台灣的作戰整備日益成熟。

陳文甲表示，中國海警也參與此次軍演，並進行執法巡查等行動，目的在透過灰色地帶襲擾施加對台灣的壓力，增加對台灣進行輿論戰、心理戰、法律戰的「三戰」效果。

國防安全研究院國防戰略與資源研究所長蘇紫雲說，中共此次軍演仍是7分政治、3分軍事，和過去對台「聯合利劍」軍演相比，這次中共將海警與執行「聯合封控」的位階提高至戰略位階，並在今天宣稱演習演練查證識別、警告驅離及攔截扣押等課目，就是以戰略思維來思考非戰爭的軍事行動，在必要的時候透過隔離手段，切斷台灣的海上運輸線，來逼迫台灣投降。

對於中共此次軍演對台灣的警訊，陳文甲表示，隨著共軍持續在台灣週邊進行高強度軍事演習，顯示對台灣的軍事威脅不斷升級，台灣需強化自身防衛能力確保台海安全；其次是灰色地帶壓力增加，尤其是海警力量的參與，意味著中國在灰色地帶施加更多壓力，台灣需提高對此非傳統安全威脅的警覺，應盡速制定相應的策略。

蘇紫雲表示，中共軍演凸顯「萬事莫如防空急」，無論是中共要攻擊台灣港口或能源設施，都需要透過飛彈攻擊等空襲手段，代表台灣的防空能力還需加強，而在應對中共灰色地帶襲擾活動，海軍目前仍是以驅逐艦、巡防艦等主戰艦艇應對，應仿效英國海軍建置河級巡邏艦（River-class patrol vessel）等監視性質的艦艇，來應對共軍灰色地帶襲擾，保存主戰艦艇的妥善率和能量。 （編輯：楊蘭軒）1140402

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202504020405.aspx

#Artificial #Intelligence, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dimensionality Reduction Strikes, Dissipative Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國軍事智能化, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知戰

Chinese Military Evaluation of Foreign Armed Forces Perspectives on Multi-domain Operations

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中國軍方對外軍多域作戰觀點的評估

現代英語：

The opening of each combat domain will inevitably lead to a new round of changes in combat methods. Driven by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution characterized by intelligence, ubiquity and integration, emerging combat domains such as space, cyberspace, electromagnetic spectrum, and cognitive space have an increasing impact on future operations. The concept of “multi-domain combat” has emerged through cross-domain collaboration with traditional land, sea, and air combat domains to achieve complementary advantages and system efficiency, and is becoming a new combat theory that adapts to the evolution of war forms.

The concept of “multi-domain combat” was first proposed by the US military. Subsequently, the United Kingdom, France, and other NATO member states have developed the concept of “multi-domain combat” in different forms. Israel was the first to apply the concept of “multi-domain operations” in actual combat. The Russian army innovatively proposed its own “multi-domain operations” theory from the perspective of its opponents. At present, the concept of “multi-domain operations” has become an important concept that triggers a new round of changes and transformations in foreign military operations.

The concept of “multi-domain operations” is a new operational concept first proposed by the US Army and jointly promoted by other services based on the changes in operational methods in the information age.

The US military believes that the winning mechanism of the concept of “multi-domain operations” is to form multiple advantages in a specific time window through the rapid and continuous integration of all war domains (land, sea, air, space, and cyberspace) and force the enemy into a dilemma. The U.S. Army proposed to be guided by the idea of ​​”global integrated operations” and the concept of “cross-domain collaboration”, and strive to form an asymmetric advantage in future wars through “multi-domain operations”. The multi-domain task force (brigade level) will be the core combat force of the U.S. Army to implement multi-domain operations, integrating artillery, land-based tactical missiles, land aviation, cyberspace, electromagnetic spectrum, space and air defense forces, and forming multi-domain combat capabilities through cross-domain mixed formations. The U.S. Air Force actively responded to the concept of “multi-domain operations”, focused on building a joint combat command and control system, proposed the concept of multi-domain command and control, and focused on developing advanced combat management systems, sinking multi-domain operations to the tactical level to improve the agility and cross-domain collaboration capabilities of future operations. The U.S. Navy has absorbed the core idea of ​​the “multi-domain combat” concept, proposed to build an “integrated global maritime military force”, focused on developing the “distributed lethality” combat concept, and proposed to strengthen the design and exercise of global combat.

The U.S. Department of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff have gathered the ideas and mechanisms of the new combat concept of “multi-domain combat” of the military services, and proposed the top-level concept of “global combat”, aiming to form a new round of asymmetric advantages, lead the transformation of combat methods and military transformation. The global combat concept is centered on joint global command and control, aiming to integrate traditional combat domains with space, cyberspace, electromagnetic spectrum, air defense and anti-missile and cognitive domain capabilities, and compete with global competitors in a full-spectrum environment. It is reported that the concept is still in its infancy and is undergoing theoretical deepening, experimental verification, exercise evaluation and doctrine transformation, and is constantly enriching its conceptual core through multiple work lines. Among them, the US Joint Chiefs of Staff leads the transformation of concepts into policies, doctrines and requirements; the Air Force promotes the concept to maturity by developing advanced combat management systems, the Army by implementing the “Convergence Project”, and the Navy by launching the “Transcendence Project”. The US theater supports the development of multi-domain combat concepts and multi-domain combat modes through war games, project demonstrations and joint exercises.

Based on the perspective of reference and integration, NATO countries such as the United Kingdom actively participated in the development and testing of the US military’s “multi-domain operations” concept, and revised the operational concept in combination with actual conditions.

The British Ministry of Defense proposed the concept of “multi-domain integration”, which is consistent with the concept mechanism of the US military’s “multi-domain operations”, focusing on integrating operations in different domains and at different levels, preparing for the development of a joint force and maintaining competitive advantages in 2030 and beyond. The British Ministry of Defense pointed out that “integrating capabilities in different domains and at different levels through information systems, creating and utilizing synergies to gain relative advantages is the winning mechanism of the multi-domain integration concept.” The concept emphasizes gaining information advantages, shaping strategic postures, building a multi-domain combat environment, and creating and utilizing synergies. The concept raises four specific issues: how to provide an advantage over rivals by 2030 and beyond through “multi-domain integration”; how to achieve cross-domain integration of the Ministry of Defense in cooperation with allies, governments and civilian departments; how to solve the policy issues involved in the concept of “multi-domain integration”; how to promote research on defense concepts, capabilities and war development. With this as a starting point, the British Army has launched a multi-faceted, step-by-step, and systematic military transformation.

Other NATO countries are also jointly developing and innovatively applying the concept of “multi-domain operations” to varying degrees, and promoting the transformation and implementation of the concept of “multi-domain operations” in the form of joint exercises and allied cooperation. In 2019, the US Army led the “Joint Operational Assessment (2019)” exercise, which aimed to assess the combat capabilities of the Indo-Pacific Command’s multi-domain task force. Forces from France, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other countries formed a multinational task force to participate in the exercise, which assessed the multi-domain combat concepts, formations and capabilities in the combat environment from 2025 to 2028. In October 2019, the NATO Joint Air Power Competition Center held a meeting on “Shaping NATO’s Future Multi-Domain Combat Posture”. In order to shape NATO’s future multi-domain combat posture, it explored and studied military thinking, multi-domain combat forces, multi-domain combat operations and training joint forces. In June 2020, the NATO Command and Control Center of Excellence released a white paper on the Multi-Domain Operations Command and Control Demonstration Platform, which aims to respond to threats and challenges in multiple operational domains with a decentralized, data-driven integrated environment by bridging the command and control gap between technology and operators, tactics and campaign levels, and academia and the military.

Based on the perspective of its opponents, the Russian army seeks a way to crack it on the one hand, and on the other hand, based on the winning mechanism of “cross-domain operations”, it combines its own characteristics to innovate combat theories

After the US military proposed the concept of “multi-domain operations”, the Russian army actively sought a way to crack it based on its own security interests. In December 2020, the Russian magazine “Air and Space Power Theory and Practice” published an article titled “Argument for the Use of Aviation Power to Break the Enemy’s Large-Scale Joint Air Strikes in Multi-Domain Operations”, which stated that large-scale joint air strikes are the initial stage for NATO countries to implement multi-domain operations. Large-scale coordinated operations will be carried out against Russia’s most important key facilities, creating conditions for subsequent decisive actions by NATO joint armed forces. The Russian army must comprehensively use the reconnaissance and strike system composed of the aviation forces of the theater forces to cause unbearable losses to the enemy, break its large-scale joint air strikes, and force NATO’s initial stage goals of multi-domain operations to fail to be achieved, causing NATO’s political and military leadership to abandon the attempt to continue to implement multi-domain operations.

On the other hand, the Russian army proposed the “military unified information space” theory for the new combat method of “cross-domain combat”. Its core idea is: to use modern information technology to establish a networked command and control system to achieve the deep integration of the army’s command, communication, reconnaissance, firepower, support and other elements, thereby improving the battlefield situation perception capability and combat command efficiency. The Russian military continues to promote theoretical development around the realization of cross-domain combat capabilities: first, relying on the unified information space of the army to establish a network-centric command model; second, introducing artificial intelligence into the command and control system to achieve the unification of the physical domain and the cognitive domain; third, developing network, space and underwater combat forces to gain advantages in emerging combat fields; fourth, establishing a unified military standard system to enhance the interoperability of forces and weapons. The Russian military has not completely absorbed the Western concept of “multi-domain combat”, nor has it completely denied the beneficial elements of the Western “multi-domain combat”, but has combined its own absorption of some advanced combat ideas of “multi-domain combat” to enrich its own unique combat theory.

Based on the perspective of combat needs, Israel took the lead in applying the concept of “multi-domain combat” on the Gaza battlefield, and used the multi-domain combat force “Ghost” as the main combat force.

The Israeli army believes that multi-domain joint combat is an inevitable trend in the development of future wars. For Israel, which mainly relies on ground combat, by integrating land, air, cyberspace, electromagnetic spectrum and sea elite forces, it can quickly identify, track and destroy enemy targets, and further improve the lethality of the Israeli army. This concept is in line with the concept of “multi-domain combat” proposed by the US Army. Under the guidance of this concept, the Israeli army formed the “Ghost” force and took the lead in actual combat testing on the Gaza battlefield. In the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in May 2021, Israel used the “Ghost” combat battalion for the first time to implement multi-domain operations in the code-named “Wall Guardian” operation against Hamas, which was called the world’s first “artificial intelligence war”. The Israeli army mainly relied on machine learning and data collection in this war, and artificial intelligence became a key component of combat and a force multiplier for the first time. In the operation to clear the Hamas tunnel network, the Israeli army used big data fusion technology to pre-identify and target, and then dispatched 160 fighter jets to carry out precise strikes, which greatly destroyed the Hamas tunnel network and achieved air control over the ground; in the attack on Hamas rocket launchers, the Israeli fighter pilots, ground intelligence forces and naval forces used command and control systems to quickly find targets and carry out real-time precise strikes, quickly shaping a favorable battle situation.

According to the Israeli army, the “Ghost” force is very different from traditional forces in terms of combat organization, weapon configuration and combat methods. The unit is temporarily organized under the 98th Paratrooper Division of Israel, including the brigade reconnaissance battalion, the ground forces of the Paratrooper Brigade, the armored brigade, the engineering corps, the special forces, the F-16 squadron and the Apache helicopter, as well as the “Heron” drone and other multi-domain combat forces. Through the use of multi-domain sensors and precision strike weapons, cross-domain maneuvers and strikes are achieved, “changing the battlefield situation in a very short time”. The battalion was established in July 2019. Although it is a ground force, it integrates multi-domain combat forces such as air strikes, network reconnaissance, precision firepower, electronic confrontation, intelligence interconnection and maritime assault. It is a battalion-level combat unit with division-level combat capabilities. After its establishment, the unit has continuously improved its multi-domain integration and cross-domain strike capabilities through exercises, and has quickly exerted two major functions with the support of the newly developed artificial intelligence technology platform: one is to serve as an elite weapon on the battlefield and fight in an asymmetric manner; the other is to serve as a test unit to continuously innovate and develop new combat concepts, combat theories and technical equipment, and to promote successful experiences to other units at any time.

現代國語：

褚 睿 劉瑤琦

每一個作戰域的開闢，必將引發新一輪作戰方式的變革。在以智慧、泛在、融合為特點的新一輪科技革命和產業革命的加速推動下，太空、網絡空間、電磁頻譜、認知空間等新興作戰域對未來作戰影響日益增大，透過與傳統陸、海、空作戰域跨域協同實現優勢互補、體系增效的「多域作戰理論」概念應而生，正成為適應戰爭形態演進的新型作戰理論。

「多域作戰」概念最早由美軍提出。隨後，英國、法國以及其他北約成員國均以不同形式發展「多域作戰」概念。以色列率先將「多域作戰」概念運用於實戰。俄軍從對手視角創新提出了自己的「多域作戰」理論。當前，「多域作戰」概念已成為引發外軍新一輪作戰方式變革轉型的重要概念。

「多域作戰」概念是基於資訊時代作戰方式變革，由美陸軍率先提出、其他軍種協力推進的新型作戰概念

美軍認為，透過所有戰爭領域（陸、海、空、太空、網路空間）快速且持續的整合，在特定時間窗口形成多重優勢，迫使敵人陷入困境是「多域作戰」概念的製勝機理。美陸軍提出以「全球一體化作戰」思想和「跨域協同」理念為指導，力求透過「多域作戰」方式形成未來戰爭非對稱優勢。多域特遣部隊（旅級）將是美陸軍實施多域作戰的核心作戰力量，集砲兵、陸基戰術導彈、陸航、網絡空間、電磁頻譜、太空以及防空力量於一身，通過跨域混合編組形成多域作戰能力。美空軍積極響應「多域作戰」概念，著眼於建構聯合作戰指揮與控制體系，提出多域指揮與控制概念，聚力開發先進作戰管理系統，將多域作戰向戰術級下沉，以提高未來作戰的敏捷性和跨域協同能力。美國海軍吸納“多域作戰”概念的核心思想，提出打造“一體化全局海上軍事力量”，重點開發“分佈式殺傷”作戰概念，提出加強全局作戰設計和演習。

美國國防部和參聯會匯集軍種「多域作戰」新型作戰概念的思想與機理，提出了「全局作戰」頂層概念，旨在瞄準形成新一輪非對稱優勢，牽引作戰方式變革與軍事轉型。全局作戰概念以聯合全局指揮與控制為核心，旨在將傳統作戰域與太空、網絡空間、電磁頻譜、防空反導和認知領域等能力整合在一起，與全球性競爭對手在全頻譜的環境中競爭。據悉，該概念目前尚處於萌芽期，正在進行理論深化、試驗驗證、演習評估和條令轉化，並通過多條工作線，不斷豐富其概念內核。其中美軍參聯會領導概念向政策、條令和需求轉化；空軍通過開發先進作戰管理系統、陸軍通過實施“融合項目”、海軍通過啟動“超越項目”共同推動該概念走向成熟。美戰區透過兵棋推演、項目展示和聯合演習等形式支援多域作戰概念和多域作戰模式開發。

英國等北約國家基於借鑑與融入視角，積極參與美軍「多域作戰」概念的發展與試驗，並結合實際修訂作戰概念

英國國防部提出了「多域融合」概念，與美軍「多域作戰」概念機理相一致，著重於整合不同領域和不同層次的作戰，為2030年及以後發展一支聯合部隊、保持競爭優勢做準備。英國國防部指出，「透過資訊系統整合不同領域和不同層級的能力，創造和利用協同效應，以獲得相對優勢，是多域融合概念的製勝機理。」該概念強調奪取資訊優勢、塑造戰略態勢、構設多域作戰環境、創造和利用協同效應。該概念提出4個具體問題：如何透過「多域融合」為2030年及以後提供超越對手的優勢；如何實現國防部與盟友、政府和民事部門合作的跨域融合；如何解決「多域融合」概念涉及的政策問題；如何促進國防概念、能力和戰爭發展方面的研究。以此為抓手，英軍開啟了多面向、分步驟、體系化的軍事轉型。

其他北約國家也正在不同程度地聯合開發和創新運用「多域作戰」概念，並以聯合演習、盟國協作等形式推動「多域作戰」概念轉化落地。 2019年美陸軍領導開展的、旨在評估印太司令部多域特遣部隊作戰能力的「聯合作戰評估（2019）」演習中，法國、加拿大、澳大利亞、新西蘭等國部隊組成多國任務組織參與其中，評估了2025-2028年作戰環境下的多域作戰概念、編組、能力。 2019年10月，北約聯合空中力量競爭中心召開了「塑造北約未來的多域作戰態勢」會議，為塑造北約未來多域作戰態勢，從軍事思想、多域作戰力量、多域作戰行動和訓練聯合部隊等方面進行了探索和研究。 2020年6月，北約指揮控制卓越中心發布了多域作戰指揮控制演示平台白皮書，旨在通過彌合技術和作戰人員、戰術和戰役層面、學術界和軍方之間的指揮控制鴻溝，以分散、數據驅動的綜合環境來應對多個作戰域的威脅與挑戰。

俄軍基於對手視角，一方面尋求破解之道，另一方面基於「跨域作戰」制勝機理，結合自身特點創新作戰理論

美軍提出「多域作戰」概念後，俄軍基於自身安全利益考量，積極尋求破解之道。 2020年12月，俄羅斯《空天力量理論與實踐》雜志刊發《論證運用航空力量打破敵方多域作戰中大規模聯合空襲》的文章，認為大規模聯合空襲是北約國家實施多域作戰的初始階段，將對俄羅斯最為重要的關鍵設施實施大規模協同作戰，為北約聯合武裝力量後續決定性行動創造條件。俄軍必須綜合運用戰區部隊的航空力量組成的偵察打擊系統，給敵造成無法承受的損失，打破其大規模聯合空襲，迫使北約多域作戰初始階段目標無法實現，致使北約政治軍事領導層放棄繼續實施多域作戰的企圖。

另一方面，俄軍針對「跨域作戰」這種新型作戰方式，提出了「軍隊統一資訊空間」理論，其核心思想是：利用現代資訊技術建立網絡化的指揮控制系統，以實現全軍指揮、通信、偵察、火力、保障等要素的深度融合，進而提升戰場態勢感知能力與作戰指揮效率。圍繞實現跨域作戰能力，俄軍持續推進理論開發：一是依托軍隊統一資訊空間，建立網絡中心指揮模式；二是將人工智慧引入指揮控制系統，實現物理域與認知域的統一；三是發展網絡、太空和水下作戰力量，爭取新興作戰領域優勢；四是建立統一的軍事標準體系，提升兵力兵器互操作能力。俄軍沒有全盤吸收西方「多域作戰」概念，也沒有全盤否定西方「多域作戰」有益成分，而是結合自身將「多域​​作戰」的一些先進作戰思想吸收，充實自身特色的作戰理論。

以色列基於作戰需求視角，率先運用「多域作戰」概念於加薩戰場，將多域作戰力量「幽靈」部隊作為主要作戰力量

以軍認為，多域聯合作戰是未來戰爭發展的必然趨勢，對於以地面作戰為主的以色列而言，透過整合陸上、空中、網絡空間、電磁頻譜和海上精銳力量，迅速識別、追踪和摧毀敵方目標，能夠進一步提高以軍的殺傷力。這一理念與美陸軍提出的「多域作戰」概念一脈相承。在這一理念的指導下，以軍組建了「幽靈」部隊，並率先在加薩戰場上進行了實戰檢驗。在2021年5月的巴以沖突中，以色列在對哈馬斯的代號為「城牆衛士」行動中首次運用「幽靈」戰鬥營實施了多域作戰，被稱為世界上第一場「人工智慧戰爭」。以軍在這場戰爭中主要依靠機器學習和數據收集，人工智慧首次成為作戰的關鍵組成部分和力量倍增器。在對哈馬斯地道網的清除行動中，以軍通過大數據融合技術進行預先識別和瞄準，而後出動戰機160架次進行精確打擊，極大破壞了哈馬斯的地道網，實現以空制地；在對哈馬斯火箭發射裝置的打擊中，以軍戰鬥機飛行員、地面情報部隊和海軍部隊之間使用和控制系統，快速指揮目標

根據以軍的說法，「幽靈」部隊在作戰編成、武器配置和作戰方式等方面與傳統部隊迥然不同。該部隊編制暫屬以色列第98傘兵師，包括旅偵察營、傘兵旅的地面部隊，裝甲旅、工程兵、特種部隊，F-16中隊和阿帕奇直升機，以及“蒼鷺”無人機等多域作戰力量，通過使用多域傳感器和精確打擊武器，實現跨域機動與打擊，“在極短時間內改變戰場局勢”。該營成立於2019年7月，雖然是一支地面部隊，但它整合了空中打擊、網絡偵防、精確火力、電子對抗、情報互聯以及海上突擊等多域作戰力量，是具備師旅級作戰能力的營級作戰單元。該部隊組建以後，不斷通過演習提升多域融合和跨域打擊能力，並在新開發的人工智能技術平台的支撐下迅速發揮兩大功能：一是在戰場上作為精兵利器，以非對稱方式作戰；二是作為試驗部隊，不斷創新和發展新型作戰概念、作戰理論和技術裝備，隨時將成功經驗推廣到其他部隊。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/xxqj_207719/xxjt/ll/10068139888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dimensionality Reduction Strikes, Information Support Force, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Chinese People’s Liberation Army Accelerates into Era of Three-dimensional Warfare – Deploying the Air Assualt Force

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中國人民解放軍加速進入立體戰爭時代－部署空中突擊部隊 

現代英語：

Transformation from two-dimensional combat to three-dimensional attack and defense

●From “able to fly” to “good at fighting”

The Army’s air assault force is showing its strength

PLA Daily reporter Kang Zizhan and special correspondent Zhang Shengtao reported: 10 years ago, Liu Zhenhua, as a pilot of the Army Aviation Force, was rated as an excellent pilot mainly for his excellent personal flying skills; now, as a pilot of the Army Air Assault Force, his compulsory training courses have added ground force combat formation, tactics and tactics application, etc. In the past 10 years, the upgrade of the “capability baseline” of Liu Zhenhua, a pilot of an Army Air Assault Brigade, is the result of the Army’s low-altitude combat force’s leap from “able to fly” to “good at fighting”.

On the eve of August 1, 2016, President Xi Jinping emphasized during his inspection of the newly established Army Headquarters that we must accelerate the transformation of the Army from a new starting point in accordance with the strategic requirements of mobile operations and three-dimensional offense and defense, and strive to build a strong, modernized new Army.

A year later, the military parade to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army was held at the Zhurihe Joint Training Base. The Chinese Army Air Assault Brigade made its debut in a new combat formation and was reviewed by President Xi.

Air assault, surging. Since its establishment, the Army Air Assault Force has conducted military exercises in all areas, covering mountains, dense forests, deserts, and grasslands. Iron wings are flying, eagles are lined up, ground forces and air forces are integrated within the organization, and energy is released within the system, giving the military exercise field a new look.

In the heart of the Central Plains, air-ground coordination has given birth to a new landscape. In the staff competition, the pilot won the championship; in the flight planning, the infantry squad leader served as the staff. Snipers “train in the air” and pilots “learn on the ground”. The air and ground subjects are integrated into the training, and the air and ground forces are truly combined and fight together.

When the pilots found the “enemy” target on the prairie, they did not choose to attack it head-on, but used the information system to send coordinates in the air and call for support from the ground advance forces to attack the “enemy” target. From the ground calling for air support to the air calling for ground support, the “call change” witnessed the expansion of the officers and soldiers’ battlefield vision.

In the northwest desert, an air assault brigade of the Army was ordered to carry out cross-domain maneuvers, flying and fighting along the way, and taking turns to use a series of new tactics such as surpassing attack operations, leapfrog assault operations, and key point control operations, showing the sharp edge of the Army’s new air assault combat force…

Following the footsteps of the Army’s airborne assault troops’ military exercises, one new battle scene after another comes into view: “One Tree High” is no longer “riding alone”, but a “synthetic eagle group” composed of multiple aircraft types, with modules organized and each performing its own duties; approaching the front line, firepower strikes are no longer the first choice, and the “electronic iron fist” is the first to be swung; commanders sit in the “air command post” to plan air-ground coordinated operations… The changes in the low-altitude battlefield highlight the strong battlefield adaptability and combat effectiveness of the air assault force.

At the beginning of the new year of 2022, President Xi signed the Central Military Commission’s Order No. 1 of 2022, issuing a mobilization order to the entire army to start training, requiring all levels of the army to vigorously promote system training. As a symbolic force in the army’s transformation from two-dimensional combat to three-dimensional offense and defense, the air assault force has shown many new changes in system training.

An airborne assault brigade of the Army joined hands with an Air Force unit to study the subject of assault infantry guiding Air Force fighters to carry out fire strikes; cooperated with multiple forces of the Joint Logistics Support Force to explore an integrated peacetime and wartime support model; and conducted joint training with a unit of the Strategic Support Force to enhance the unit’s electromagnetic interference and anti-interference capabilities… The airborne assault force system has more and more “close partners” in training, the “circle of friends” of new combat forces is getting bigger and bigger, and the unit’s actual combat capabilities continue to improve.

New forces contain new mechanisms, and new mechanisms give birth to new forces. President Xi stressed the need to strengthen the construction of new combat forces and increase the proportion of new quality combat power. During the adjustment and reform, the Army’s air assault force came into being, eliminating the geographical separation between air and ground, blurring the spatial concepts of frontier and depth, and updating the combat concepts of air and ground arms. The Chinese military’s land warfare pattern is being reshaped.

From looking at the battlefield head-on to looking down on the battlefield, and then to three-dimensionally perceiving the battlefield, the air assault force has demonstrated the huge potential of a new type of combat force, and the Army is accelerating into the era of three-dimensional combat.

“This is an unprecedented opportunity, but also an unprecedented challenge.” Tang Hongyi, the battalion commander of an air assault brigade of the army, led the officers and soldiers to transform from mountain infantry to air assault infantry. On the journey of reforming and strengthening the army, he dared not slack off for a moment, “Each generation has its own mission and responsibility. We must run the ‘first leg’ of air assault force construction and run the ‘our leg’ of the army’s transformation and development well.”

Short review

Accelerate transformation and molting to take off

■Kang Zizhan

Fly far and molt. The new army badge has a pair of “wings of soaring” on both sides, implying that the new army is “flying”. From the Army Aviation Corps to the Air Assault Corps, the transformation and reshaping of the army’s low-altitude forces is the result of the new world military revolution, and ahead is the strategic direction of the Chinese Army’s accelerated transformation.

President Xi has repeatedly stressed the need to strive to build a strong, modern, and new army. In today’s world, military technology is changing with each passing day, and the forms of war and winning mechanisms are constantly changing. The rise of the Army’s air assault force tells us that the system combat effectiveness of a force does not only come from the external system structure, but more depends on whether multiple forces can be effectively integrated; it is not difficult for new equipment to form combat effectiveness, but it is difficult to create a new “sword method” that adapts to the system. The new combat force should have a new charging posture, be brave to take the lead, forge ahead, and accelerate on the road of transformation.

Extraordinary achievements require extraordinary people. President Xi pointed out: “Now, the responsibility of strengthening the military has historically fallen on our shoulders. To shoulder this burden, we must dare to take on the responsibility. This is not only the expectation of the Party and the people, but also the political character that contemporary revolutionary soldiers should have.” In the new era of reforming and strengthening the military, the new army will take off and will surely write new glory on the journey of strengthening the military.

現代國語：

●從平面作戰向立體攻防轉型

●從「能飛」向「善打」跨越

陸軍空中突擊力量嶄露頭芒

陸軍某空中突擊旅組織飛行訓練。 李春國 攝

解放軍報訊 記者康子湛、特約記者張聖濤報道：10年前，劉振華作為陸航部隊飛行員，被評為優秀飛行員的主要標準，是個人飛行技術過硬；如今，他作為陸軍空中突擊部隊飛行員，訓練必修課又增加了地面力量作戰編組、戰術戰法運用等內容。 10年間，陸軍某空中突擊旅飛行員劉振華「能力基準」升級的背後，是陸軍低空作戰力量從「能飛」到「善打」的跨越。

2016年八一前夕，習主席在新組成的陸軍機關視察時強調，要按照機動作戰、立體攻防的戰略要求，在新的起點上加快推進陸軍轉型建設，努力建設一支強大的現代化新型陸軍。

一年後，慶祝中國人民解放軍建軍90週年閱兵在朱日和聯合訓練基地隆重舉行。中國陸軍空中突擊旅以戰鬥隊形全新亮相，接受習主席檢閱。

空中突擊，狂飆突起。組成以來，陸軍空中突擊部隊全域演兵，足跡遍佈高山、密林、大漠、草原。鐵翼飛旋、群鷹列陣，地面兵力和空中力量在建制內融合、體系內釋能，演兵場上面貌一新。

中原腹地，空地協同催生新景觀。參謀比武，飛行員一舉奪冠；飛行籌劃，步兵班長當參謀。狙擊手在“空中練”，飛行員在“地面學”，空中課目和地面課目融合組訓，空地兵力真正合在一起、打到一處。

莽原之上，飛行員發現「敵」目標，並未選擇迎面打擊，而是在空中利用資訊系統發送座標，呼叫地面先遣力量支援攻擊「敵」目標。從地面呼叫空中支援到空中呼叫地面支援，「呼叫變遷」見證官兵戰場視野的拓展。

西北大漠，陸軍某空中突擊旅受命實施跨域機動，飛一路、打一路，超越攻擊作戰、蛙跳突擊作戰、要點奪控作戰等一系列新戰法輪番上陣，顯示陸軍空中突擊新型作戰力量銳利鋒芒…

循著陸軍空中突擊部隊演兵足跡追尋，一幕幕嶄新的戰鬥場景躍入眼簾：“一樹之高”不再“走單騎”，而是多機型組成“合成鷹群”，模組編組、各司其職；抵近前沿，火力打擊不再是首選，率先揮出的是“電子鐵拳”；

2022年新年伊始，習主席簽署中央軍委2022年1號命令，向全軍發布開訓動員令，要求全軍各級大力推進體系練兵。空中突擊部隊作為陸軍由平面作戰向立體攻防轉型的一支標誌性力量，體系練兵呈現許多新變化。

陸軍某空中突擊旅與空軍某部攜手，精研突擊步兵引導空軍戰機實施火力打擊課題；與聯勤保障部隊多支力量配合，探索平戰一體保障模式；與戰略支援部隊某部開展聯訓，提昇部隊電磁幹擾與反幹擾能力…空中突擊部隊體系大練的「典型​​力量」越來越多，提昇部隊電磁幹擾與反幹擾能力…空中突擊部隊體系大練的「新實戰夥伴」越來越多，作戰部隊中越來越持續作戰能力的「親密力量」大兵作戰。

新力量蘊含新機理，新機理催生新力量。習主席強調，要加強新型作戰力量建設，增加新質戰鬥力比重。在調整改革中，陸軍空中突擊部隊應運而生，消除了空與地的地理隔間、模糊了前沿與縱深的空間概念、更新了空中與地面兵種的作戰理念，中國軍隊陸戰格局正在重塑。

從平視戰場到俯瞰戰場，再到立體感知戰場，空中突擊力量展現出新型作戰力量的巨大潛力，陸軍加速邁進立體作戰時代。

「這是前所未有的機遇，也意味著前所未有的挑戰。」陸軍某空中突擊旅營長唐鴻毅，帶領官兵從山地步兵轉型為空中突擊步兵。行進在改革強軍征程上，他一刻也不敢懈怠，「一代人有一代人的使命擔當，我們要跑好空中突擊力量建設的‘第一棒’，跑好陸軍轉型發展的‘我們這一棒’」。

短 評

加速轉型 換羽騰飛

■康子湛

遠飛當換羽。新式陸軍胸標兩側插上了一對“起飛之翼”，蘊含著新型陸軍“飛起來”的寓意。從陸航部隊到空中突擊部隊，陸軍低空力量的轉型重塑，背後是世界新軍事變革的風雷激盪，前方是中國陸軍加速轉型的戰略方向。

習主席多次強調，要努力建立強大的現代化新型陸軍。當今世界，軍事科技日新月異，戰爭形態、致勝機制不斷變化。陸軍空中突擊部隊的起飛歷程啟示我們：一支部隊的體係作戰效能，不只來自外在的體系結構，更多取決於多種力量能否有效融合；新裝備形成戰鬥力不難，難的是創出適應體系的新「劍法」。新型作戰力量更應有新的衝鋒姿態，勇為人先、銳意進取，跑出轉型路上的加速度。

蓋有非常之功，必待非常之人。習主席指出：「現在，強軍的責任歷史地落在了我們肩上，要挑起這副擔子，必須敢於擔當，這既是黨和人民的期望，也是當代革命軍人應有的政治品格。」在改革強軍的新時代，新型陸軍換羽騰飛，必將在強軍征程上書寫新的榮光。

資料來源：解放軍報 作者：康子湛 張聖濤 責任編輯：劉上靖 2022-07-19 06:00

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/wzll/lj/4915990888.html