Category Archives: 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #中國太空軍, #中國的耗散戰, #中國軍事人工智慧武器化, #新興戰爭技術, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中华人民共和国网络安全法, 中國太空軍, 中國支持認知對抗的軍事決策與觀點, 中國的情報戰, 中國的耗散戰, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事分析:認知域作戰的特徵與發展趨勢, 中國軍事應用與比特幣在未來戰爭中的應用, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍事認知域作戰的重點是什麼、重點在哪裡？, 中國軍隊, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰, 中國軍隊聚焦認知域戰是主攻戰場對抗的新著力點, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 元宇宙, 國家網絡空間安全戰略, 美國軍事網絡戰：黑客入侵防禦成為無菸的戰爭, 解放軍展望未來戰爭發展, 認知域戰, 認知域戰, 認知域操作, 認知對抗, 認知戰, 認知領域操作, 資料來源：中國外交部

Comprehensive Review of Chinese Military Intelligent Warfare: Intelligent Combat Command

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中國軍事智慧戰爭全面回顧：智慧作戰指揮

現代英語：

Liu Kui, Qin Fangfei

Tips

● Modern artificial intelligence is essentially like a “brain in a vat”. If it is allowed to carry out combat command, it will always face the problem of subjectivity loss, that is, “self” loss. This makes artificial intelligence have natural and fundamental defects. It must be based on human subjectivity and improve the effectiveness and level of combat command through human-machine hybrid.

● In intelligent combat command, the commander is mainly responsible for planning what to do and how to do it, while the intelligent model is responsible for planning how to do it specifically.

“Brain in a vat” is a famous scientific hypothesis. It means that if a person’s brain is taken out and placed in a nutrient solution, the nerve endings are connected to a computer, and the computer simulates various sensory signals. At this time, can the “brain in a vat” realize that “I am a brain in a vat”? The answer is no, because as a closed system, when a person lacks real interactive experience with the outside world, he cannot jump out of himself, observe himself from outside himself, and form self-awareness. Modern artificial intelligence is essentially like a “brain in a vat”. If it is allowed to implement combat command, it will always face the problem of subject loss, that is, “self” loss. This makes artificial intelligence have natural and fundamental defects, and it must be based on human subjectivity and improve the effectiveness and level of combat command through human-machine hybrid.

Based on “free choice”, build a “man-planned” command model

On the battlefield, the commander can choose which target to attack, and can choose to attack from the front, from the flank, from the back, or from the air; he can isolate but not attack, surround but not attack, talk but not attack… This is human autonomy, and he can freely choose what to do and how to do it. But machines can’t do that. The combat plans they give can only be the plans implied in the intelligent model. As far as the specific plan given each time is concerned, it is also the most likely plan in the sense of probability statistics. This makes the plans generated by artificial intelligence tend to be “templated”, which is equivalent to a “replica machine”. It gives similar answers to the same questions and similar combat plans for the same combat scenarios.

Compared with artificial intelligence, different commanders design completely different combat plans for the same combat scenario; the same commander designs different combat plans when facing similar combat scenarios at different times. “Attack when the enemy is unprepared and take them by surprise”, the most effective plan may seem to be the most dangerous and impossible plan. For commanders, facing combat scenarios, there are infinite possibilities in an instant, while for artificial intelligence, there is only the best-looking certainty in an instant, lacking creativity and strategy, and it is easy for the opponent to predict it. Therefore, in intelligent combat command, based on human autonomy, the commander is responsible for planning and calculation, innovating tactics and tactics, and designing basic strategies, and the machine is responsible for converting basic strategies into executable and operational combat plans, forming a “man-planned” command mode. More importantly, autonomy is the unique mark of human existence as human being. This power of free decision-making cannot and is not allowed to be transferred to machines, making people become vassals of machines.

Based on “self-criticism”, build a command model of “people against machine”

Human growth and progress are usually based on the real self, focus on the ideal self, and criticize the historical self in a negation-negation style. Artificial intelligence has no “self” and has lost its self-critical ability. This makes it only able to solve problems within the original cognitive framework. The combat ideas, combat principles, and tactics of the model are given when the training is completed. If you want to update and improve your knowledge and ideas, you must continuously train the model from the outside. Mapped to a specific combat scenario, the intelligent model can only provide the commander with a pre-given problem solution. It is impossible to dynamically adjust and update it continuously during a battle.

People with a self-critical spirit can jump out of the command decision-making thinking process and review, evaluate, and criticize the command decision. In the continuous self-criticism, the combat plan is constantly adjusted, and even the original plan is overturned to form a new plan. In the command organization group, other commanders may also express different opinions on the combat plan. The commander adjusts and improves the original plan on the basis of fully absorbing these opinions, and realizes the dynamic evolution of the combat plan. Therefore, combat command is essentially a dynamic process of continuous forward exploration, not a static process given in advance by the combat plan. When the machine generates a combat plan, the commander cannot accept it blindly without thinking, but should act as an “opponent” or “fault finder”, reflect on and criticize the combat plan, and raise objections. Based on the human’s objections, the machine assists the commander to continuously adjust and optimize the combat plan, forming a command mode of “human opposing and machine correcting”.

Based on “self-awareness and initiative”, we build a command model of “people lead and machines follow”

Comrade Mao Zedong once said that what we call “conscious initiative” is the characteristic that distinguishes humans from objects. Any complex practical activity to transform the world starts with a rough and abstract idea. To transform abstract concepts into concrete actions, it is necessary to overcome various risks and challenges, give full play to conscious initiative, and take the initiative to set goals, make suggestions, and think of ways. Artificial intelligence without conscious initiative, when people ask it questions, it only gives the answers implied in the model, without caring whether the answer can be used, targeted, or practical. In other words, when an abstract and empty question is raised, it gives an abstract and empty answer. This is also why the current popular large model unified operation mode is “people ask questions and machines answer”, rather than “machines ask questions”.

Relying on conscious initiative, even the most abstract and empty problems can be transformed step by step into specific action plans and specific action practices. Therefore, in intelligent combat command, the commander is mainly responsible for planning what to do and what ideas to follow, while the intelligent model is responsible for planning how to do it specifically. If the combat mission is too abstract and general, the commander should first break down the problem into details, and then the intelligent model should solve the detailed problem. Under the guidance of the commander, the problem is gradually solved in stages and fields, and the combat goal is finally achieved, forming a command mode of “people lead and machines follow”. It’s like writing a paper. First you make an outline and then you start writing. People are responsible for making the outline, and the specific writing is done by the machine. If the first-level outline is not specific enough, people can break it down into a second-level or even a third-level outline.

Based on “self-responsibility”, build a command model of “human decision-making and machine calculation”

Modern advanced ship-borne air defense and anti-missile systems usually have four operational modes: manual, semi-automatic, standard automatic, and special automatic. Once the special automatic mode is activated, the system will no longer require human authorization to launch missiles. However, this mode is rarely activated in actual combat or training. The reason is that humans, as the responsible subject, must be responsible for all their actions, while the behavior of machines is the absence of the responsible subject. When it comes to holding people accountable for major mistakes, machines cannot be held accountable. Therefore, life-and-death matters must not be decided by a machine without autonomous responsibility. Moreover, modern artificial intelligence is a “black box”. The intelligent behavior it exhibits is inexplicable, and the reasons for right and wrong are unknown, making it impossible for people to easily hand over important decision-making power to machines.

Because AI lacks “autonomous responsibility”, all problems in its eyes are “domesticated problems”, that is, the consequences of such problems have nothing to do with the respondent, and the success or failure of the problem solving is irrelevant to the respondent. Corresponding to this are “wild problems”, that is, the consequences of such problems are closely related to the respondent, and the respondent must be involved. Therefore, in the eyes of AI without self, there are no “wild problems”, all are “domesticated problems”, and it stays out of any problem. Therefore, in intelligent combat command, machines cannot replace commanders in making judgments and decisions. It can provide commanders with key knowledge, identify battlefield targets, organize battlefield intelligence, analyze battlefield conditions, predict battlefield situations, and even form combat plans, formulate combat plans, and draft combat orders. However, the plans, plans, and orders it gives can only be used as drafts and references. As for whether to adopt them and to what extent, it is up to the commander to decide. In short, both parties make decisions together, with artificial intelligence responsible for prediction and humans responsible for judgment, forming a command mode of “human decision-making and machine calculation”.

現代國語：

從「缸中之腦」看智慧化作戰指揮

■劉 奎 秦芳菲

要點提示

●現代人工智慧，本質上就如同“缸中之腦”，如果讓它實施作戰指揮，始終會面臨主體缺失即“自我”缺失的問題。這使得人工智慧存在天然的、根本的缺陷，必須基於人的主體性，透過人機混合來提升作戰指揮效能和水平

●智能化作戰指揮中，指揮員主要負責規劃做什麼、依什麼思路做，智能模型則負責規劃具體怎麼做

「缸中之腦」是一項著名科學假設。意思是，假如人的大腦被取出放在營養液中，神經末梢接上計算機，由計算機模擬出各種感知信號。這時候，「缸中之腦」能不能意識到「我是缸中之腦」？答案是不能，因為人作為一個封閉的系統，當與外界缺乏真實的互動體驗時，人是無法跳出自身、從自身之外觀察自身並形成自我意識的。而現代人工智慧，本質上就如同“缸中之腦”，如果讓它實施作戰指揮，始終會面臨主體缺失即“自我”缺失的問題。這使得人工智慧存在天然的、根本的缺陷，必須基於人的主體性，透過人機混合來提升作戰指揮效能和水準。

基於“自由選擇”，建構“人謀機劃”的指揮模式

戰場上，指揮員可以選擇打哪一個目標，可以選擇從正面打、從翼側打、從背後打、從空中打；可以隔而不打、圍而不打、談而不打……這就是人的自主性，可以自由選擇做什麼、怎麼做。但機器不行，它給出的作戰方案，只能是智慧模型中蘊含的方案。就每次給出的特定方案而言，也是機率統計意義上可能性最大的方案。這使得人工智慧生成的方案呈現“模板化”傾向，相當於一個“復刻機”，同樣的問題，它給出的是相似的回答，同樣的作戰場景，它給出的就是相似的作戰方案。

與人工智慧相比，同樣的作戰場景，不同的指揮員設計的作戰方案完全不同；同一指揮員在不同的時間面對相似的作戰場景，設計的作戰方案也不相同。 “攻其無備，出其不意”，最有效的方案很可能看上去是最危險、最不可能的方案。對於指揮員，面對作戰場景，一瞬間有無限可能，而對於人工智慧，一瞬間卻只有看上去最好的確定，缺乏創意、缺少謀略，很容易為對方所預料。所以，在智慧化作戰指揮中，要基於人的自主性，由指揮員負責籌謀算計、創新戰法打法、設計基本策略，由機器負責將基本策略轉化為可執行可操作的作戰方案，形成「人謀機劃」的指揮模式。更重要的是，自主性是人作為人而存在的獨特標志，這種自由作決定的權力不可能也不允許讓渡給機器，使人淪為機器的附庸。

基於“自我批判”，建構“人反機正”的指揮模式

人類的成長進步，通常是立足現實自我，著眼理想自我，對歷史自我進行否定之否定式的批判。人工智慧沒有“自我”，同時也喪失了自我批判能力。這使得它只能停留在原有認知框架內解決問題，模型擁有的作戰思想、作戰原則、戰法打法，是在訓練完成時所給予的。如果想獲得知識和想法的更新提升，就必須從外部對模型進行持續訓練。映射到特定作戰場景，智慧模型給指揮員提供的只能是事先給定的問題解決方案，要想在一次作戰中不斷地動態調整更新是做不到的。

具有自我批判精神的人類，可以跳脫指揮決策思考過程，對指揮決策進行審視、評價、批判。在持續地自我批判中不斷對作戰方案進行調整，甚至推翻原有方案，形成新的方案。在指揮機構群體中，其他指揮人員也可能對作戰方案提出不同意見，指揮員在充分吸納這些意見的基礎上，調整改進原有方案，實現作戰方案的動態進化。所以，作戰指揮本質上是一個不斷向前探索的動態過程，不是作戰方案事先給定的靜態過程。當機器生成作戰方案時，指揮員不能不加思考地盲目接受，而應充當“反對者”“找茬人”，對作戰方案展開反思批判，提出反對意見，機器根據人的反對意見，輔助指揮員不斷調整、優化作戰方案，形成「人反機正」的指揮模式。

基於“自覺能動”，建立“人引機隨”的指揮模式

毛澤東同志說過，我們名之曰“自覺的能動性”，是人之所以區別於物的特點。任何一項改造世界的複雜實踐活動，都是從粗糙的、抽象的想法開始的，要將抽象觀念轉化為具體行動，需要克服各種風險和挑戰，充分發揮自覺能動性，主動定目標、出主意、想辦法。沒有自覺能動性的人工智慧，人們向它提出問題，它給出的只是模型中蘊含的答案，而不會管這個答案能不能用、有沒有針對性、可不可以實際操作，即提出抽象、空洞的問題，它給出的就是抽象、空洞的回答。這也是為什麼時下流行的大模型統一的運行模式是“人問機答”，而不是“機器提出問題”。

依賴自覺能動性，再抽象、空洞的問題都能由人一步一步轉化為具體的行動方案、具體的行動實踐。因此，在智慧化作戰指揮中，指揮員主要負責規劃做什麼、依什麼思路做，智慧模型則負責規劃具體怎麼做。若作戰任務太過抽象籠統，應先由指揮員對問題進行分解細化，再由智慧模型對細化後的問題進行解算。在指揮引導下，分階段、分領域逐步解決問題，最終達成作戰目標，形成「人引機隨」的指揮模式。這就像寫一篇論文，先列出提綱，再進行寫作，列提綱由人負責，具體寫作由機器完成，如果感覺一級綱目不夠具體，可由人細化為二級乃至三級綱目。

基於“自主負責”，建立“人斷機算”的指揮模式

現代先進的艦載防空反導系統，通常有手動、半自動、標準自動、特殊自動四種作戰模式，一旦啟用特殊自動模式，系統發射導彈將不再需要人的授權幹預。但該模式無論在實戰還是在訓練中都很少啟用。究其原因，人作為責任主體要對自己的所有行為負責，而機器行為背後卻是責任主體的缺失，當要為重大失誤追責時，機器是無法負責的。所以，生死攸關的大事決不能讓一個沒有自主責任的機器決定。況且，現代人工智慧是一個“黑箱”，它所展現的智能行為具有不可解釋性，對與錯的原因無從知曉，讓人無法輕易將重大決定權完全交給機器。

由於人工智慧缺乏“自主責任”，會使它眼中的問題全是“馴化問題”，也就是該類問題產生的後果與回答者沒有關系，問題解決的成功也罷、失敗也罷，對回答者來說無所謂。與之相應的是“野生問題”，也就是該類問題產生的後果與回答者息息相關，回答者必須置身其中。所以，在缺失自我的人工智慧眼中沒有“野生問題”，都是“馴化問題”，它對任何問題都置身事外。因此，在智慧化作戰指揮中，機器不能取代指揮員做出判斷和決策。它可以為指揮員提供關鍵知識、識別戰場目標、整編戰場情報、分析戰場情況、預測戰場態勢，甚至可以形成作戰方案、制定作戰計劃、擬製作戰命令，但它給出的方案計劃命令，只能作為草稿和參考，至於採不採用、在多大程度上採用，還得指揮員說了算。簡單來說，就是雙方共同做出決策，人工智慧負責預測，人負責判斷，形成「人斷機算」的指揮模式。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16361814.html

Chinese Military Informatization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國支持認知對抗的軍事決策與觀點, 中國的情報戰, 中國的耗散戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事分析:認知域作戰的特徵與發展趨勢, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰, 中國軍隊聚焦認知域戰是主攻戰場對抗的新著力點, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 元宇宙, 國家網絡空間安全戰略, 國防和軍隊現代化建設, 域作战突出属性, 認知戰, 新軍事變革, 解放軍展望未來戰爭發展, 認知域戰, 認知域操作, 認知對抗, 認知戰, 認知領域操作, 資料來源：中國外交部, 贏得現代戰爭認知領域作戰的關鍵, 軍事多域作戰, 軍事認知戰

Accelerate Development of Chinese National Defense Science and Technology Innovation to Help Modernization of China’s Military

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加速發展國防科技創新 協助軍隊現代化

現代英語：

President Xi Jinping stressed that military scientific research is highly exploratory, and innovation should be placed in a more prominent position, strategic planning and top-level design should be done well, military theory innovation, national defense science and technology innovation, and innovation in the organizational model of military scientific research should be strengthened, and the engine of military scientific research innovation should be started at full speed. This important statement by President Xi profoundly reveals the importance of national defense science and technology innovation, and is the fundamental principle for promoting the development of national defense science and technology innovation under the new situation. We must start the engine of national defense science and technology innovation at full speed, promote the high-quality development of national defense science and technology, and provide strong material and technical support for achieving the goal of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the army and building a world-class army in an all-round way.

Strengthen basic research towards the forefront of development

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is emerging, and the world’s new military revolution is accelerating, opening the curtain of the era from informatization to intelligence, which will inevitably bring about a major evolution of war forms, major adjustments in military strategy, major changes in combat methods, and major transformation of combat forces. To promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation, we must adhere to the forefront of world military science and technology development, face the major needs of strengthening the military practice, face the future battlefield, earnestly explore the winning mechanism of future wars, and continuously improve the contribution rate of national defense science and technology to preparing for war, deterring war and winning war, and inject strong momentum into seizing the strategic commanding heights of future military competition.

We should aim at the forefront of world military science and technology, keep up with the direction of the world’s new military revolution, especially the development of military science and technology, firmly grasp the opportunities of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution, strive to narrow the gap in key areas, take comparative advantage as the fundamental standard for measuring innovation and development, select the breakthrough and focus of scientific and technological innovation, strengthen forward-looking planning and design, allocate limited resources to major technical breakthroughs, concentrate superior forces, vigorously overcome key technologies in the military field, and master a number of core technologies with independent intellectual property rights. From structural design to force allocation to scientific research projects, we should seize the main research areas, reflect the development frontier, form overall advantages, and actively seek strategic initiative and military advantages.

With the continuous development of science and technology, the characteristics of multi-disciplinary professional cross-clustering and multi-field technology integration are becoming increasingly prominent. Great cross-integration, great integration and great breakthroughs have become the basic laws of the development of modern military science. To promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation, we must strive to improve our technical cognition ability, dare to blaze new trails in construction ideas and technical paths, open up the channel for the transformation of technology chain into industrial chain, and enhance the national strategic capabilities and weapons and equipment development strength. We must follow the essential requirements and inherent laws of national defense science and technology, stand against the backdrop of the national innovation system and military-civilian integrated collaborative innovation, accelerate the establishment of strategic, basic, cutting-edge and open scientific research and innovation platforms, and promote the transformation of national defense science and technology to the close integration of military theory and military technology, the mutual promotion of basic research and applied research, and the equal emphasis on independent innovation and absorption and reference. Adapt to the requirements of national defense science and technology innovation and development, do a good job in basic management, and establish a supporting basic support management mechanism to ensure the development of national defense science and technology innovation; strengthen project management, and strive to form a classified, efficient, flexible, adaptive and sustainable management mechanism and work process; broaden the channels for technology transformation, establish and improve the policy and institutional mechanisms for the transformation and application of national defense science and technology achievements, and promote the rapid transformation and application of national defense science and technology innovation achievements.

Practice has proved that basic research is the key to how high and how far national defense science and technology innovation can “jump”. Therefore, we must focus on innovative basic and applied basic research, make good scientific reserves, correctly grasp the relationship between basic research and technological application, and provide strong support for promoting the development of national defense science and technology innovation. First, we must take basic research as a leading project to promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation, put it in a strategic position of priority development, maintain sufficient and stable funding, make early arrangements and give priority support in several major fields, explore new concepts, new principles, and new methods, and strive to make major breakthroughs in basic, cutting-edge, and strategic fields. Second, we must persist in using the thinking and methods of systems engineering, correctly understand and scientifically guide basic research and technology application practices, promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, and cultivate new technological growth points to form a closed link of “basic research, development and application, transformation of achievements, and integrated application and re-innovation”. Third, we must open up channels for the transformation of national defense science and technology achievements as soon as possible, and promote scientific research achievements to take root in building a world-class military and serving and preparing for war. Actively explore scientific research collaboration in the form of technology groups and project groups, strengthen communication and cooperation between the military and local governments, open up channels for technological needs, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements as soon as possible.

Establish a scientific research orientation and win the future with innovation

Focusing on actual combat is the core goal of military construction. We must adhere to the fundamental guidance of combat needs as an important guiding principle for the development of national defense science and technology innovation. We must always aim at tomorrow’s wars to innovate and develop military theories and military technology, and explore and form a national defense science and technology innovation system that keeps pace with the development of the times, adapts to national security needs, and meets future combat requirements.

To promote the innovation and development of national defense science and technology, we must firmly establish the fundamental orientation of scientific research for warfare, conduct in-depth research on combat characteristics, combat styles, combat focus and winning mechanisms under information conditions, insist on using combat needs to guide basic research and strategic frontier technology exploration, and further improve the institutional mechanisms for scientific research projects to focus on preparing for war. At the same time, we must keep a close eye on future combat opponents, accurately grasp the evolution trends of war forms and the development trends of world military science and technology, constantly update our ideas, scientifically plan today’s preparations, design tomorrow’s wars, and win future battlefields.

Combat effectiveness has always been the decisive factor in the success or failure of the military, and the combat effectiveness standard is the only fundamental standard for military construction. With the rapid development of high-tech with information technology as the core, the complexity of the offensive and defensive combat mechanism of war has undergone unprecedented profound changes, which has had an unprecedented profound impact on the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to take independent innovation as an important factor, component and implementation method for the transformation of combat effectiveness generation mode, be good at discovering the potential driving force of new technologies on combat effectiveness development, and promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation in the great practice of fully realizing the goal of strengthening the military.

In order to adapt to the requirements of winning information and intelligent wars and effectively fulfill the mission, we must adhere to the strategic basis of independent innovation, improve the mechanism of scientific research collaborative innovation, build a fusion innovation platform, and comprehensively promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation. First, we must take the weak links of national defense science and technology as the main direction of promoting independent innovation, and at the same time increase the original innovation efforts, focus on mastering key core technologies in some important fields and scientific and technological frontiers, and strive to build a national defense science and technology innovation system that can not only increase the national defense science and technology reserves, but also enable them to be rapidly transformed. Correctly handle the relationship between key technologies and general technologies, general technologies and special technologies, traditional technologies and high-tech technologies, and achieve overall planning and reasonable layout to achieve mutual support and coordinated development of various technologies and disciplines. Second, we must grasp the needs of national defense science and technology innovation and development, focus on solving problems in the science and technology management system, demand generation mechanism, scientific research plan system, etc., improve the overall benefits of scientific research, and form a strong vitality to promote independent innovation. Vigorously promote the sharing of technical basic resources between the military and civilians, and establish and improve the military-civilian standardization coordination mechanism and technical service mechanism. Third, we must improve the science and technology collaborative innovation policy system of universities, research institutes, enterprises, and governments, maximize the advantages of all aspects, focus on building a fusion innovation platform, and form an overall synergy to promote national defense science and technology collaborative innovation.

Implementing the strategy of strengthening the military with talents in the new era to unleash creative vitality

To promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation, it is ultimately necessary to rely on high-level talents. Without a strong team of national defense science and technology talents, independent innovation is like water without a source and a tree without roots. Therefore, it is necessary to actively adapt to the requirements of national defense science and technology innovation and development, vigorously build a systematic and high-level talent training platform, and allow more high-quality and professional talents to emerge.

We should firmly establish the concept that “talent is the first resource”, insist on cultivating talents as a major political task, and boldly use strategic scientists with the wisdom to identify talents, the sincerity to love talents, the methods to gather talents, the courage to use talents, and the mind to tolerate talents, support young scientific and technological talents to take the lead and shoulder important responsibilities, and continuously expand the ranks of leading scientific and technological talents and first-class innovation teams. We should adhere to the major national defense science and technology construction projects and talent construction projects together, boldly select, use, and temper various talents in the practice of major projects and major tasks, cultivate and bring up a new generation of scientific and technological leaders and leading talents, and build the field of national defense science and technology and equipment into a highland for national innovative talents and a fertile ground for talent growth and development, forming a vivid situation in which the creative vitality of national defense science and technology talents competes. We should clarify the evaluation methods and standards for national defense science and technology talents, improve the differentiated evaluation and policy support mechanism for national defense science and technology talents, and build an evaluation system that conforms to the laws of national defense science and technology and the laws of talent growth. Reform the science and technology management and personnel systems, let scientific research management keep pace with scientific and technological innovation, truly free up time for scientific researchers, build platforms, and hand over the stage for scientific research and innovation to them with confidence, allowing them to play the leading role and play a big role in scientific research and innovation.

A scientific and fair evaluation mechanism plays a fundamental role in stimulating innovation. Practice has proved that any major breakthrough in the field of basic research is inseparable from long-term accumulation and repeated failures, which is an inevitable law of scientific development. Therefore, in the process of national defense science and technology and weapon equipment research and production, we should encourage researchers to have wonderful ideas and tolerate their failures in exploration and practice. It is advocated that the implementation of various scientific research plans should not be based on the number of papers and patents as project goals, but should focus on the achievement of original results and allow a certain proportion of failures. Peer evaluation should be implemented for basic and cutting-edge technology research, highlighting the medium- and long-term goal orientation and original value, focusing on creating a fair competition environment that encourages innovation, and making great efforts to activate the “spring water” of national defense science and technology innovation and development.

We will fully implement the strategy of strengthening the military with talents in the new era, further enhance the vitality of talent team building, maximize the innovative power of national defense science and technology talents, and fully mobilize their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity. We will follow the growth rules of high-quality and professional military talents, create an environment for identifying, loving, respecting and using talents, formulate policies and systems that combine competitive incentives with advocating cooperation, promote the orderly flow and reasonable layout of talent resources, build a good platform for local talents to serve national defense science and technology construction, and strive to create a good situation in which people can use their talents to the fullest, display their talents to the fullest, and use their talents to the fullest.

(The author is a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences)

(Editors: Wang Zifeng, Song Meiqi)

現代國語：

習近平主席強調指出，軍事科學研究具有很強的探索性，要把創新擺在更加突出的位置，做好戰略規劃和頂層設計，加強軍事理論創新、國防科技創新、軍事科研工作組織模式創新，把軍事科研創新的引擎全速發動。習主席的這一重要論述，深刻揭示了國防科技創新的重要性，是新形勢下推動國防科技創新發展的根本遵循。我們要全速發動國防科技創新發展的引擎，促進國防科技高品質發展，為實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標、全面建成世界級軍隊提供強而有力的物質技術支撐。

面向發展前沿 加強基礎研究

目前，新一輪科技革命與產業變革正孕育興起，世界新軍事革命加速推進，拉開了從資訊化邁向智慧化的時代大幕，必將帶來戰爭形態大演進、軍事戰略大調整、作戰方式大嬗變、作戰力量大轉型。推動國防科技創新發展，必須堅持面向世界軍事科技發展前沿，面向強軍實踐重大需求，面向未來戰場，認真探索未來戰爭制勝機理，不斷提高國防科技對備戰懾戰勝戰的貢獻率，為搶佔未來軍事競爭策略制高點注入強勁動能。

瞄準世界軍事科技前沿，緊跟世界新軍事革命特別是軍事科技發展方向，緊緊抓住新一輪科技革命和產業革命正在興起的機遇，努力縮小關鍵領域的差距，以取得比較優勢作為衡量創新發展的根本標準，選準科技創新的突破口和著力點，加強前瞻謀劃設計，把有限的資源配置到重大技術攻關上，集中優勢力量，大力攻克軍事領域的關鍵技術，掌握一批擁有自主智慧財產權的核心技術。從結構設計到力量配比再到科研項目，都應抓住主要研究領域，體現發展前沿，形成整體優勢，積極謀求戰略主動與軍事優勢。

隨著科學技術不斷發展，多學科專業交叉群集、多領域技術融合整合的特徵日益凸顯，大交叉、大融合、大突破已成為現代軍事科學發展的基本法則。推動國防科技創新發展，要努力提陞技術認知能力，在建立想法、技術路徑上敢於蹚新路，打通技術鏈轉化為產業鏈的通道，提升國家戰略能力與武器裝備發展實力。要遵循國防科技的本質要求和內在規律，站在國家創新大體系、軍民一體化協同創新的大背景下，加速建立戰略性、基礎性、前沿性、開放性的科學研究創新平台，推動國防科技向軍事理論與軍事技術緊密結合、基礎研究與應用研究相互促進、自主創新與吸收借鏡並重視並舉轉變。適應國防科技創新發展要求，搞好基礎管理，配套建立確保國防科技創新發展的基礎支撐性管理機制；加強專案管理，努力形成分類分級、高效靈活、自適應、可持續的管理機制和工作流程；拓寬技術轉化管道，建立並改善國防科技成果轉化應用政策制度機制，推動國防科技創新成果快速轉化應用。

實務證明，國防科技創新能「跳」多高、「跑」多遠，基礎研究是關鍵。因此，要著力抓好創新性基礎與應用基礎研究，搞好豐厚的科學儲備，正確掌握基礎研究與技術應用的關係，為推動國防科技創新發展提供強力支撐。一要把基礎研究作為推動國防科技創新發展的先導工程，放在優先發展的戰略位置來抓，保持足夠、穩定的經費投入，在若干重大領域提前佈局與優先支持，探索新概念、新原理、新方法，力爭在基礎、前衛、策略領域取得重大突破。二要堅持運用系統工程的思維和方法，正確認識和科學指導基礎研究與技術應用實踐，既要促進科技成果轉化運用，又要培育新的技術增長點，形成“基礎研究、開發應用、成果轉化，到整合應用再創新」的閉合鏈路。三要盡快打通國防科技成果轉化的管道，促進科研成果在建設世界一流軍隊和服務備戰打仗中落地生根。積極探索以技術群、專案群等形式進行科研協作攻關，加強軍地溝通協作，暢通技術需求通道，促進科技成果盡快轉換。

樹立科研為戰導向 以創新制勝未來

聚焦實戰是軍隊建設的核心目標，必須把堅持作戰需求的根本牽引作為國防科技創新發展的重要指導原則，始終瞄準明天的戰爭創新發展軍事理論和軍事科技，探索形成與時代發展同步伐、與國家安全需求相適應、滿足未來作戰需求的國防科技創新體系。

推動國防科技創新發展，必須穩固確立科研為戰的根本導向，深入研究資訊化條件下的作戰特徵、作戰樣式、作戰重心和製勝機理，堅持以作戰需求牽引基礎研究和戰略前沿技術探索，進一步完善科學研究計畫聚焦於備戰打仗等製度機制，同時要緊盯未來作戰對手，準確掌握戰爭形態演變趨勢、世界軍事科技發展趨勢，不斷更新思想觀念，科學籌劃今天的備戰、設計明天的戰爭、制勝未來的戰場。

戰鬥力始終是軍隊興衰成敗的決定性因素，戰鬥力標準是軍隊建立唯一的根本的標準。以資訊科技為核心的高新科技快速發展，戰爭攻防作戰機理的複雜程度發生了前所未有的深刻變化，對於戰鬥力的生成與提升產生了前所未有的深刻影響。因此，必須把自主創新視為戰鬥力生成模式轉變的重要因素、構成要素和實現途徑，善於發現新技術對戰鬥力發展的潛在推動力，在全面實現強軍目標的偉大實踐中促進國防科技創新發展。

為適應打贏資訊化與智慧化戰爭要求，著眼有效履行使命任務，就要堅持自主創新的戰略基點，完善科學研究協同創新機制，打造融合創新平台，全面推進國防科技創新發展。一要把國防科技的薄弱環節作為推進自主創新的主攻方向，同時加大原始性創新力度，著力在一些重要領域和科技前沿掌握關鍵核心技術，努力建構既能使國防科學技術儲備不斷增加、又能使之快速轉化的國防科技創新體系。正確處理重點技術與一般技術、一般技術與專用技術、傳統技術與高新技術的關係，做到統籌兼顧、合理佈局，實現各類技術、各類學科相互支撐、協調發展。二要掌握國防科技創新發展的需求，重點在於解決科技管理體制、需求生成機制、科學研究計畫體係等面向問題，提昇科研整體效益，形成推動自主創新的強大活力。大力推動技術基礎資源軍民共用分享，建立完善軍民標準化協調機制與技術服務機制。三要健全大學、科研院所、企業、政府的科技協同創新政策制度，最大限度發揮各方面的優勢，著力打造融合創新平台，形成推動國防科技協同創新的整體合力。

實施新時代人才強軍策略 讓創造活力競相迸發

推動國防科技創新發展，歸根究底要靠高水準人才，如果沒有強大的國防科技人才隊伍，自主創新就是無源之水、無本之木。因此，必須積極適應國防科技創新發展要求，大力打造體系化、高階的人才培育平台，讓更多高素質、專業化人才競相湧現。

牢固樹立「人才是第一資源」的觀念，堅持把培養人才作為一項重大的政治任務，以識才的慧眼、愛才的真情、聚才的方法、用才的膽略、容才的胸懷，大膽運用戰略科學家，支持青年科技人才挑起大樑、擔重任，不斷壯大科技領軍人才隊伍和一流創新團隊。堅持國防科技重大建設工程和人才建設工程一起抓，在重大工程和重大任務實踐中大膽選拔、使用、錘煉各種人才，培養造就新一代科技帥才和領軍人才，把國防科技和裝備領域打造成國家創新人才的高地、人才成長興業的沃土，形成國防科技人才創造活力競相迸發的鮮明局面。明確國防科技人才的評估方式與標準，完善國防科技人才差異化評估與政策支援機制，建構符合國防科技規律與人才成長規律的評估體系。改革科技管理與人事制度，讓科學研究管理跟上科技創新的步伐，真正為科研人員放開手腳、騰出時間、搭建平台，把科研創新的舞台放心交給他們，讓他們在科研創新中當主角、唱大戲。

科學公平的評估機制對於激勵創新具有根本性的作用。實務證明，任何一個基礎研究領域的重大突破都離不開長期的累積和多次的失敗，這是科學發展的必然規律。因此，在國防科技和武器裝備科學研究生產過程中，既要鼓勵科學研究人員有奇思妙想，也要寬容其在探索實踐中的失敗。提倡各類科學研究計畫的實施不以論文、專利數量為專案目標，著重原創成果的取得，允許一定的失敗比例。對基礎和前沿技術研究實行同行評價，突顯中長期目標導向和原創價值，著力營造激勵創新的公平競爭環境，下大力氣激活國防科技創新發展的「一池春水」。

全面貫徹實施新時代人才強軍戰略，進一步增強人才隊伍建設活力，最大限度激發國防科技人才的創新動力、充分調動他們的積極性、主動性和創造性。遵循高素質、專業化軍事人才成長規律，營造識才愛才敬才用才的環境，制定競爭激勵和崇尚合作相結合的政策制度，促進人才資源有序流動、合理佈局，為地方人才服務國防科技建設搭建好平台，著力形成人盡其才、盡展其才、才盡其用的良好局面。

（作者係軍事科學院系統工程研究院研究員、博士生導師）

(編按：王之鋒、宋美琪)

中國原創軍事資源：

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How Can Chinese Military Research Institutes Achieve “accelerated” Innovation in National Defense Science and Technology?

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中國軍事科學研究院所如何實現國防科技創新「加速」?

現代英語：

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution is accelerating, and emerging fields such as space and the Internet will become the focus of future competition. The rapid development of science and technology, the ever-changing weapons and equipment and combat methods have put forward new requirements for military research institutes to conduct full-domain battlefield research.

Standing at the forefront of the times, how can military research institutes promote the implementation of the national defense science and technology innovation strategy and transform scientific research results into real combat effectiveness? How can we achieve the transition from “squatting to running” to “jumping” in scientific and technological innovation and achieve “acceleration” in scientific and technological innovation? Please read the news investigation brought by the PLA Daily reporter from the National Defense Engineering Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences.

Defense Science and Technology Innovation: Forging a Powerful Engine to Enhance National Defense Strength

■China National Defense News reporter Pan Di and special correspondent Zhao Jie

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution is accelerating, and emerging fields such as space and the Internet will become the focus of future competition. The rapid development of science and technology, the ever-changing weapons and equipment and combat methods have put forward new requirements for military research institutes to conduct full-domain battlefield research.

President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation and vigorously improve the ability of independent innovation in national defense science and technology when attending the plenary meeting of the PLA and armed police delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress. Standing at the forefront of the times, how can military research institutes promote the implementation of national defense science and technology innovation strategies and transform scientific research results into real combat effectiveness? How can we achieve the transition from “squatting to running” to “jumping” in scientific and technological innovation and achieve “acceleration” in scientific and technological innovation? Please see the news investigation brought by reporters from the National Defense Engineering Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences.

Research direction——

We must work hard to study and strive for the future, and never lose our ambition

In late March, at a research institute of the National Defense Engineering Research Institute, researchers who had completed the experimental content of a project were busy collecting, organizing and analyzing data, which also meant that a forward-looking topic they had been studying had entered the finalization stage.

A few years ago, when the concept of a certain type of weapon was just proposed, researchers were keenly aware that with the continuous development of science and technology, once this type of weapon breaks through the technical barriers and is successfully developed, it will bring new challenges to the construction of national defense projects. Time waits for no one, and they have planned in detail the research direction of the subject and the key issues that need to be solved in combination with the current status of my country’s national defense projects. Today, the project team has basically mastered the damage effect of a certain new type of weapon on the target, and has proposed a new protection concept accordingly.

The successful completion of the project stems from the accurate aiming of the scientific research target, and the establishment of the scientific research direction is due to the keen insight and foresight of the scientific research team. This kind of forward-looking research is not an isolated case in the institute.

Engineer Han Yu recalled that as early as the 1980s, the research staff of the institute proposed the research direction of information warfare in the future war based on the development trend of warfare. After extensive data collection, investigation and understanding of the situation, and analysis of research rules, they outlined a forward-looking development blueprint for this research direction.

Thanks to the long-term research accumulation on informationized combat styles, after the institute formally established the relevant protection research laboratory last year, the laboratory’s researchers have been advancing related scientific research topics in an orderly and intensive manner.

The application and research cycle of a project is long, ranging from a few years to more than ten years, or even longer. If the research topic lacks foresight, the scientific research direction is not closely connected to the battlefield, and the results are difficult to help improve the combat effectiveness of the troops, it will inevitably cause a waste of manpower and material resources. In response to this situation, the institute clearly requires: “For research topics related to national defense projects, if they are not practical and forward-looking, they will not be allowed to be established.”

“Our research results usually have to be tested in the training ground, and the opinions and suggestions from the troops are summarized and collected on the feedback form, which provides an important reference basis for the next step of scientific research.” Wang Mingzhe, an engineer who is about to visit a certain test site, told reporters that in order to make the research topics stand the test of future wars, the researchers of the institute often go to plateaus and islands, and travel all over the country to investigate, inspect and demonstrate.

A few years ago, when conducting research in the army, researchers discovered that the camouflage cloth used by a brigade during a live-fire exercise was not conducive to camouflage and cover in special terrain. In response to the problem, researchers quickly organized a research project and designed a new information-based shielding system and cloth, making battlefield laying more convenient, faster, more confusing and concealed.

“When attending the plenary meeting of the People’s Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi stressed the need to pay close attention to the development trends of world military technology and weaponry. Indeed, conducting scientific research is like fighting a war. Only with a forward-looking vision can we win the commanding heights in overcoming difficult problems and seize the initiative for victory.” Speaking of the institute’s project approval standards, researcher Liu Ruichao said with emotion that scientific research in the field of national defense engineering must conform to the latest trends in combat styles and weapon development, and take one step ahead while being down-to-earth.

Scientific research talents——

How can the water be so clear? Because it comes from a source of fresh water.

“Look, these are the cracks that appeared after treatment…” On the afternoon of March 13, a laboratory of the institute was occasionally filled with the sound of machines roaring and explanations of experimental content.

In the laboratory, the reporter saw a soldier with gray hair in military uniform. Researcher Chen Anmin told the reporter that the old man was Gu Jincai, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the voice just heard outside the door was Academician Gu explaining the experiment content to the young backbone.

As an academician, the scientific research tasks are already very busy and there is no need for him to always be on the front line. However, Academician Gu, who is already 80 years old, still insists on patiently and meticulously teaching his apprentices and leading the team.

“Academician Gu and his group of veteran comrades have been working on the front line since the establishment of the unit, providing hands-on training and guidance to scientific researchers. I am especially grateful to the predecessors for their guidance and support in getting to where I am today.” Engineer Ma Dongliang is deeply impressed by the good atmosphere of the institute.

In 2009, Ma Dongliang was assigned to a research institute in the Central Plains. As a new employee, Ma Dongliang, who had not yet understood the content of his job, thought he would be assigned to do some “odd jobs” such as organizing documents. What he did not expect was that he was entrusted with an important task as soon as he arrived at the unit and participated in a major protection research project throughout the process.

“The project team is full of teachers with many books, and I, a ‘rookie’, can complete the project tasks?” Ma Dongliang recalled that he was both excited and terrified at the time. After working in the institute for a long time, he learned that the institute would formulate a capacity improvement plan for each key talent, formulate a targeted training plan for those with development potential, and cultivate a team of key talents through job training, sending students to study, cooperation and exchange, etc.

At the 2017 National Science and Technology Awards Commendation Conference, the project in which Ma Dongliang participated won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. What surprised him was that the project leader put him in the position of the seventh author after considering everyone’s contribution, which is not only an honor but also a spur and encouragement for young researchers.

“My contribution to scientific research has not been ignored just because I am young. This is also an important reason why our young backbones stay here to concentrate on scientific research. The evaluation of awards focuses on professional ability and contribution. When evaluating and adjusting positions, it is not based on awards or achievements, but on comprehensive evaluation.” Ma Dongliang told reporters that he is currently working on four projects at the same time, working more than 10 hours a day, and working overtime on weekends is the norm. As he said, this fair competition method and evaluation mechanism make them “excited” and “energized” to do scientific research here.

Like Ma Dongliang, there are many young backbones born in the 1980s who like the talent training atmosphere of the institute and engage in scientific research and have achieved success and development. Some have become senior engineers, and some have served as laboratory leaders. A large number of scientific research backbones have grown rapidly here.

Research conditions——

The phoenix will come to roost when the phoenix tree is lush and leafy.

If information technology is the “multiplier” of combat effectiveness, then scientific research conditions are the “incubator” that gives birth to innovative results.

During the interview at the research institute, the reporter found that the place where the researchers spent the longest time was the test site.

At a test site of the institute, the reporter met Associate Researcher Xu Xiangyun who was preparing the test content. He told the reporter that each research room has several laboratories or test sites built according to the needs of scientific research projects. In addition to purchasing local mature technology products, most of the equipment is independently developed. A new type of test equipment next to him was developed and put into use last year.

At the end of 2012, a new type of weapon was released abroad. According to information obtained by scientific and technological personnel, its attack performance and its destructiveness to protective projects are astonishing, and it is likely to cause many protective projects to lose their due effectiveness.

As it concerns the safety of national defense projects, researchers need to find out the relevant performance of this type of weapon as soon as possible, and to obtain the most accurate information, they need to conduct relevant tests. Because it is a new type of weapon, there is no alternative test method in China, and it often takes 3 years or even longer to apply for the development of test equipment. This practical problem made the researchers of the institute frown. What should they do?

“A special research team composed of academicians and experts will be established to work together to overcome difficulties.” After the researchers reported the situation, the institute also invited experts in related fields from all over the country to discuss the matter. After multiple scientific discussions, they immediately decided to start the development of the test equipment as soon as possible.

In 2015, the Institute developed a certain type of test equipment when most similar test equipment in China could only be used in a fixed manner. With the test equipment, the research team quickly began to apply for a certain evaluation test project. Today, the research team has successfully conducted tests such as weapon power research and target damage, and has proposed new protection concepts and structures accordingly.

“Today, a big challenge facing military research institutions is how to fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and innovation of researchers. We must try our best to provide researchers with advanced research conditions in a timely manner to ensure innovative research.” said the leader of the institute. In recent years, they have successively built an engineering comprehensive demonstration environment laboratory with an area of ​​more than 1,000 square meters and more than 200 sets of equipment and software, as well as dynamic and static load test platforms.

If you want to do your work well, you must first sharpen your tools. At present, while continuing to implement the tasks of scientific research conditions construction, the institute focuses on the current situation at home and abroad and the development trend of related majors, actively plans new scientific research conditions construction projects, and promotes the application of the “Major Underground Engineering Safety” National Key Laboratory. A project aimed at the protection technology research of the world’s cutting-edge weapons will be carried out in the newly built simulation test center…

Accelerate national defense science and technology innovation

■Weidong

At the plenary meeting of the PLA and Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integration innovation system, and vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology. This important thought profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development and points out the direction for the prosperity and development of modern military science.

In recent years, as the strategic commanding heights of science and technology have accelerated their development to the deep earth, deep sea and deep space, the forms of war and combat styles have undergone profound changes, and the process of transforming combat theories into battlefield actions and technology into equipment has continued to accelerate, and the cycle has been further shortened. Many military powers have seen the dawn of intelligent military transformation and have launched a new round of military technology innovation.

In the face of the ever-changing technological development, military research institutes must take the lead in the national defense science and technology game, take the opportunity of reshaping the military research system, stand at the overall height of ensuring victory in the informationized war, step up the strategic transformation, and firmly grasp the “bull’s nose” of independent innovation, so as to take the initiative in the grand journey of becoming world-class.

Qian Xuesen once said that national defense science and technology innovation must not be satisfied with “chasing tail” or “looking in the mirror”. Military research institutes should be bold in their ideas, have the courage to emancipate their minds, break the mindset, make macro plans for their long-term development, and optimize the top-level design. At the same time, they should also carry out forward-looking demonstrations of the needs for the development of national defense science and technology innovation, independently and proactively carry out basic, leading, and disruptive innovative technology research, keenly discover new directions and new fields for the generation of new quality combat effectiveness, and strive to stand at the forefront and be at the forefront of the world’s military science and technology competition.

It is the duty of the general to not forget to fight while defending; it is the duty of the soldiers to be well-prepared for training. Focusing on actual combat is both a goal and a guide. Military research institutes should firmly establish the idea of ​​research for combat, implement President Xi’s instructions and requirements of “facing the battlefield, facing the troops, and facing the future”, and follow the requirements of “improving joint combat capabilities and all-domain combat capabilities based on network information systems”. We should strive to conduct research in the way the war is fought and what is needed for the war, focus on improving the contribution rate of military research and innovation to the combat effectiveness of the troops, and continuously provide strong scientific and technological support for strengthening the army.

A first-class army needs first-class scientific research units, and first-class scientific research units need first-class talents. Only when talents emerge in competition can there be a burst of innovative vitality. Military scientific research institutes should always adhere to the awareness of talent cultivation as the main battlefield, highlight the cultivation of creative thinking and innovative capabilities of military scientific researchers, rely on first-class military talents to create first-class military theories and first-class military technology, and implant the winning genes for decoding future wars into the body of the army.

President Xi stressed that we should focus on the coordinated innovation of military and civilian science and technology in key areas. The fields of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment are the focus of military-civilian integration. As military research institutes, we should focus on meeting national strategic needs, integrating into the national scientific research system, strengthening the coordinated research of major projects, and strengthening the deep integration of industry, academia and research. Relying on the superior resources of the military and the local government, we should strengthen the strategic cooperation between the military and the local government, build a service platform for the joint research and sharing of national defense science and technology achievements, the joint construction and sharing of conditions and facilities, and the connection of common standards between the military and the local government, and form a new situation of open, integrated and innovative development of national defense science and technology.

Stride forward, reshape and reconstruct is not a minor repair, and must not be a small fight. We must seize the opportunity of the start, release the starting momentum, take steps and speed up in key areas, important directions and major tasks, and create new models and set new benchmarks as soon as possible, so as to take the lead in achieving leading results in the world military science and technology competition, occupy a number of strategic commanding heights and winning points, use first-class military technology to create a first-class combat offense and defense system, and gradually achieve the goal of building a first-class army.

(Author’s unit: National Defense Engineering Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences)

Military scientific and technological innovation should focus on basic scientific research, improve basic scientific research support capabilities, and lay a solid foundation for national defense scientific and technological innovation.

In recent years, we have made great progress in the field of national defense science and technology, but there is still a gap with foreign countries in some key technologies, mainly because the basic research is not solid enough, and there is still room for improvement in professional basic theoretical research, digital military simulation platform development, large-scale distributed numerical computing technology, etc. These factors have restricted the scientific research progress and development in the military field to a certain extent, affecting the emergence and breakthroughs of cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations.

Basic key technologies cannot be bought, and you will not get far if you rely on buying second-hand technologies from abroad. We should start from the aspects of top-level planning design, scientific research management system, and incentive mechanism for scientific researchers, attach importance to and support basic research work, carry out basic research work in depth, and enhance original innovation capabilities.

Military research institutions must break down the “barriers” between the military and civilian science and technology systems, and focus on collaborative innovation in military and civilian science and technology in key areas.

With the rapid development of high-tech weapons and equipment, the styles and forms of warfare are constantly changing, which puts higher requirements on battlefield construction. We must actively explore many disciplines such as earth sciences, high-tech equipment manufacturing, and automatic control, and study the construction of a full-domain intelligent battlefield.

Based on this, military research units need to cooperate with local governments to jointly carry out in-depth engineering research, integrate high-quality local military resources in the fields of electronic information, drones, artificial intelligence and bionics, and use the best scientific and technological resources in the country to build a modern military force system. For our national defense engineering field, we must attach importance to promoting the application of building information modeling (BIM) in military engineering and realize the informationization and refined management of engineering construction and operation and maintenance.

Innovation-driven development is essentially talent-driven. Whoever possesses first-class innovative talents will have the advantage and dominance in scientific and technological innovation.

At present, the most urgent need for strengthening national defense and military construction is talent; looking to the future, the core of achieving leapfrog development in military construction is still talent. Only by fully driving the talent training engine can we strongly promote independent innovation in national defense science and technology.

Many years of experience in scientific research have made me feel that talent cultivation is a systematic project and strategic task. We need to focus on the overall situation, strengthen top-level design, scientifically set up echelons, and strive to create a vivid situation where outstanding talents emerge and everyone competes to be a “maker” in the military camp. Talent cultivation has its inherent characteristics and laws. It cannot be achieved overnight or in a short period of time. We need to firmly establish a scientific concept of talent cultivation, with the ideological realm and confidence and courage of “success does not have to be mine, but the effort will not be in vain”, and work hard for a long time and continue to relay, so as to turn the talent cultivation blueprint into reality and provide solid talent support for the development of the military through science and technology.

Conducting military scientific research is like fighting a war. Only with a forward-looking vision can you gain the commanding heights in overcoming difficult problems and seize the initiative for victory.

In recent years, national defense science and technology at home and abroad has developed rapidly, the all-round reconnaissance technology integrating land, sea, air and space has been continuously improved, the use of troops and weapons supported by highly information technology on the battlefield and the emergence of new weapons have greatly changed the combat style and characteristics of future wars. Scientific researchers must deeply grasp and base themselves on the characteristics of future wars and carry out innovative scientific research in a targeted manner.

Specifically in the field of national defense engineering research, military researchers must keep up with the forefront of the development of world weapons and equipment and protection technology, and focus on preventing both “hard kill” and “soft kill”; they must pay attention to the protection of key parts as well as the protection of the overall system; they must do a good job in passive protection, and also track and study active protection and new weapon protection technologies, promote disruptive technological innovation, and strive to improve the battlefield survivability and combat support capabilities of national defense engineering.

現代國語：

目前，新一輪科技革命、工業革命、軍事革命正加速推進，太空、網路等新興領域將成為未來競爭的焦點。科學技術日新月異，武器裝備和作戰方式日新月異，對軍事科學研究院所進行全域戰場研究提出了新的要求。

站在時代前沿，軍隊科學研究院所如何推動國防科技創新戰略實施，將科學研究成果轉化為現實戰力？如何實現科技創新從“蹲著跑”到“跳起來”，實現科技創新“加速”？請閱讀解放軍報記者軍事科學院國防工程研究所帶來的新聞調查。

國防科技創新：為提升國防實力鍛造強大引擎

■中國國防報記者 潘娣 特約記者 趙傑

目前，新一輪科技革命、產業革命、軍事革命加速推進，太空、網路等新興領域將成為未來的爭奪焦點。快速發展的科學技術、日新月異的武器裝備及作戰方式，給軍科研院所提出了全域戰場研究的新要求。

習主席出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，加強國防科技創新，並大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。挺立時代潮頭，軍事科研院所如何推進國防科技創新戰略落地生根，把科學研究成果轉化為實實在在的戰鬥力？如何實現科技創新“深蹲助跑”到“起跳跨越”，跑出科技創新“加速度”？請看記者從軍事科學院國防工程研究院帶來的新聞調查。

科學研究方向——

躬身必以研為戰，望遠不墜鯤鵬志

3月下旬，在國防工程研究院某研究所，已經完成某專案試驗內容的科研人員正在緊張地進行資料的蒐集、整理與分析，這也意味著他們潛心鑽研的某前瞻性課題進入結題階段。

幾年前，某型武器的概念剛被提出時，科研人員就敏銳地認識到：隨著科學技術不斷發展，該型武器一旦突破技術壁壘研製成功，將會對國防工程建設帶來新的挑戰。時間不等人，他們結合我國國防工程現狀，詳細規劃了主題的研究方向和需要重點解決的關鍵問題。現今，本計畫組基本上掌握某新型武器對目標的毀傷效果，並相應提出新的防護理念。

專案成功結題的背後，源自於科研標靶的準確瞄準，而科研方向的確立得益於科研團隊敏銳的洞察力與前瞻性。這種具有前瞻性的研究在該研究院並非個案。

根據工程師韓彧回憶，早在1980年代，該研究院科研人員根據作戰發展趨勢，預見未來戰爭資訊化作戰的研究方向。經過廣泛收集資料、調查了解情況、剖析研究規律，他們為研究方向勾勒出前瞻性的發展藍圖。

得益於長期資訊化作戰樣式的研究積累，去年研究院正式組成相關防護研究室之後，研究室科研人員便有條不紊、緊鑼密鼓地推進相關科研課題。

課題申請立項與研究週期長，短則幾年多則十幾年，甚至會更長。如果研究主題缺乏前瞻性，科學研究方向對接戰場不緊密，出了成果也難以助力部隊戰鬥力的提升，勢必會造成人力物力的浪費。針對這種情況，該研究院明確要求：“事關國防工程的研究主題，不具備實用性前瞻性決不允許立項。”

「我們的研究成果通常要經過演練場檢驗，匯總收集部隊反饋的意見建議到意見反饋表上，為下一步科研攻關提供重要參考依據。」即將赴某試驗場考察的工程師王明哲告訴記者，為了讓研究主題經得起未來戰爭的檢驗，研究院的科研人員常上高原、下海島，走南闖北去研究、考察與論證。

幾年前，科學研究人員在部隊調查時發現，某旅在實兵演練過程中使用的迷彩遮蔽佈在特殊地形下不利於偽裝掩護。針對發現的問題，科學研究人員快速組織主題立項研究，設計出新型資訊遮蔽系統與遮蔽布，使戰場鋪設更加方便快捷，更具迷惑性和隱蔽性。

「習主席在出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，要密切關注世界軍事科技和武器裝備發展動向。的確，搞科研如同打仗，有前瞻性視野才能贏得攻克難題的製高點，把握勝利的主動權。 。

科學研究人才—

問渠哪得清如許，為有源頭活水來

「你們觀察一下，這是處理後顯現的裂縫…」3月13日下午，研究院某實驗室不時傳出陣陣機器轟鳴與講解試驗內容的聲音。

在實驗室裡，記者看到一位穿著軍服、頭髮花白的軍人。研究員陳安敏告訴記者，這位老者是中國工程院院士顧金才，剛在門外聽到的聲音就是顧院士在為年輕骨幹講解試驗內容。

身為院士，科學研究任務本就十分繁忙，完全不需要一直盯在一線，但已經80歲高齡的顧院士卻仍堅持耐心細緻地教徒弟、帶團隊。

「顧院士那一批老同志自單位成立以來就一直奮戰在一線，手把手地對科研人員進行傳幫帶。我能走到今天特別感謝前輩們的教導和扶持。」工程師馬棟良對研究院良好的氛圍感受頗深。

2009年，馬棟良被分配到地處中原地的某研究所。新到工作單位，還沒了解工作內容的馬棟良以為會被派去幹一些整理文檔的“雜活兒”，讓他沒想到的是，剛到單位就被委以重任，全程參與某重大防護研究課題。

「專案組裡都是著作等身的老師，而我一個『菜鳥』能把專案任務完成好嗎？」馬棟良回想當時的心情既激動又惶恐。他在研究院待久了才知道，原來研究院對每位骨幹人才都會製訂能力提升計劃，對有發展潛力的針對性製訂培養方案，透過崗位鍛鍊、送學培養、合作交流等方式，培養骨幹人才方隊。

在2017年度國家科學技術獎勵表揚大會上，馬棟良參與的這個計畫獲得國家科學技術進步獎二等獎。讓他既驚訝又意外的是，專案組組長綜合考慮每個人的貢獻後，將他放在了第七作者的位置，這對年輕科研人員來說既是榮譽，更是鞭策和激勵。

「並沒有因為年輕就忽略我在科研中的貢獻，這也是我們年輕骨幹留在這裡潛心搞科研的重要原因。評獎看重專業能力與所作所為，在評職調級時不唯獎不唯成果，而是依據綜合性評估。如他所說，這種公平的競爭方式與評價機制，讓他們在這裡搞科研「得勁兒」「有勁兒」。

而和馬棟良一樣，喜歡研究院人才培養氛圍而深耕科研，並取得成就與發展的「80後」年輕骨幹不在少數，有的成為了高級工程師，有的擔任了研究室領導，一大批科研骨幹在這裡快速成長起來。

科學研究條件——

梧桐枝繁葉茂，自有鳳凰來棲

如果資訊科技是戰鬥力的“倍增器”，那麼科研條件就是催生創新成果的“孵化器”。

在研究院採訪的日子裡，記者發現科學研究人員待得最久的地方就是試驗場。

在研究院某試驗場地，記者見到正在準備試驗內容的副研究員徐翔雲，他告訴記者，每個研究室都有幾處根據科研項目需求建造的實驗室或試驗場，除了購置地方技術成熟的產品，大部分是自主研發的設備，他身旁的某新型試驗設備就是去年研發投入使用的。

2012年年底，國外發布了一款新型武器，根據科技人員掌握到的情況，其攻擊性能及其對防護工程的破壞性令人吃驚，很可能會導致許多防護工程失去其應有的效用。

關乎國防工程的安全問題，科學研究人員要盡快摸清該型武器的相關性能，而要掌握到最準確的資料，需要進行相關試驗。由於是新型武器，國內尚未有可以作為替代的試驗手段，而要報項申請研發試驗裝備，往往需要3年甚至更長的時間。這個現實難題讓研究院科研人員皺緊了眉頭，怎麼辦？

「成立由院士專家組成的專題課題攻關小組，群策群力攻堅克難。」科研人員報告情況後，研究院還請來全國相關領域的專家探討，經過多方科學論證，他們當即拍板兒，盡快開展試驗設備的研發。

2015年，在國內大多數同類型試驗裝備只能固定使用的情況下，研究院研發出某型試驗裝備。有了試驗裝備，課題組很快就開始進行某評估試驗課題的申報工作。如今，該研究小組成功進行武器威力研究、目標毀傷情況等試驗，並相應提出新的防護理念和結構。

「如今，軍事科研機構面臨的很大一個難題，就是如何充分調動科研人員的積極性、主動性和創新性。我們要盡力為科研人員及時提供先進的科研條件，保障創新研究。」該研究院領導說。近年來，他們先後建造1000多平方公尺、200餘台（套）設備軟體的工程綜合論證環境實驗室、動載和靜載試驗平台。

工欲善其事，必先利其器。目前，該研究院在持續抓好科研條件建設任務落實的同時，著眼於國內外現狀與相關專業的發展趨勢，積極籌劃新的科研條件建設項目，推動“重大地下工程安全”國家重點試驗室等申報工作。瞄準世界前沿武器的防護技術研究的某個主題將在剛建成的模擬試驗中心開展…

跑出國防科技創新“加速”

■衛東

習主席在出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，要加強國防科技創新，加速建立軍民融合創新體系，大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這一重要思想，深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律，為繁榮發展現代軍事科學指明了前進方向。

近年來，隨著科技戰略制高點朝向深地、深海、深空加速發展，戰爭形態和作戰樣式深刻嬗變，作戰理論轉化為戰場行動、技術物化為裝備的進程不斷加快，週期進一步縮短。不少軍事強國看到了智慧化軍事變革破曉的訊號，紛紛啟動新一輪軍事技術革新。

軍事競爭唯創新者勝。面對日新月異的科技發展態勢，軍事科研院所必須在國防科技博弈中率先投子佈勢、走開棋路，以軍事科研體系重塑為契機，站在保障打贏資訊化戰爭的全局高度，加緊推進戰略轉型，緊緊扭住自主創新這個“牛鼻子”，才能在邁進世界一流的宏闊征程中下好先手棋，掌握主動權。

錢學森曾說過，國防科技創新絕對不能滿足於「追尾巴」「照鏡子」。軍事科學研究院所應大膽構想，勇於解放思想，破除思維定式，對其長遠發展進行宏觀規劃，優化頂層設計。同時，也應進行前瞻性國防科技發展創新需求論證，自主超前展開基礎性、先導性、顛覆性創新技術研究，敏銳發現新質戰鬥力生成的新方向新領域，努力在世界軍事科技競爭中站上前沿、走在前面。

守不忘戰，將之任也；訓練有備，兵之事也。聚焦實戰是目標，也是牽引。軍事科研院所應牢固樹立研為戰思想，貫徹習主席「面向戰場、面向部隊、面向未來」的指示要求，按照「提高基於網路資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全域作戰能力」的要求，努力做到仗怎麼打科學研究就怎麼搞，打仗需要什麼科學研究就搞什麼，著力提升軍事科學研究創新對部隊戰鬥力的貢獻率，不斷為強軍興軍提供強而有力的科技支撐。

一流的軍隊需要一流的科學研究單位，一流的科學研究單位需要一流的人才。只有人才競相湧現，才有創新活力迸發。軍事科研院所應始終堅持人才培養的主陣地意識，突顯對軍事科研工作者創造性思維、創新型能力的培養，靠一流軍事人才創造一流軍事理論和一流軍事科技，為軍隊的肌體植入解碼未來戰爭的致勝基因。

習主席強調，要突顯抓好重點領域軍民科技協同創新。國防科技與武器裝備領域是軍民融合的重點，作為軍事科研院所，應注重對接國家戰略需求，融入國家科研體系，加強重大項目協同攻關，強化產研深度融合。依托軍地優勢資源，強化軍地戰略協作，建構國防科技成果共研共享、條件設施共建共用、通用標準軍地銜接的服務平台，形成國防科技開放融合創新發展新局面。

闊步前進，重塑重構不是小修小補，絕不能小打小鬧。必須抓住開局契機，釋放起跑動能，在重點領域、重要方向和重大任務上把步子邁起來、速度提上去，盡快打造新樣板，樹起新標桿，從而在世界軍事科技競爭中率先取得引領性成果，佔據若干戰略制高點、致勝點，以一流軍事科技打造一流作戰攻防體系，逐步實現一流軍隊的建設目標。

（作者單位：軍事科學學院國防工程研究院）

軍事科技創新要聚焦基礎科學研究，提升基礎研究支撐能力，築牢國防科技創新的根基。

近年來，我們在國防科技領域取得非常大的進展，但在一些關鍵技術上和國外仍存在差距，主要是因為基礎性研究不夠紮實，在專業基礎理論研究、數位化軍事模擬平台研發、大型分散式數值計算技術等方面仍有待提升。這些因素都在一定程度上限制了軍事領域的科研進步與發展，影響著前沿引領技術、現代工程技術、顛覆性技術創新等方面的產生與突破。

基礎性關鍵技術絕對買不來，靠從國外買二手技術是走不遠的。若要從規劃頂層設計、研究管理制度、研究人員激勵機制等面向入手，實際重視與扶持基礎研究工作，深入進行基礎研究工作，提升原始創新能力。

軍事科研機構必須破除軍民科技體系之間的“藩籬”，突顯抓好重點領域軍民科技協同創新。

隨著當前高新技術武器裝備迅速發展，戰爭樣式和形態推陳出新，對戰場建設提出了更高要求，要積極探索地球科學、高新技術裝備製造、自動控制等眾多學科，研究全局智能戰場建設。

基於此，軍事科研單位需要和地方協同合作，共同做好深部工程研究，在電子資訊、無人機、人工智慧和仿生技術等高新科技研究方向，整合軍隊地方優質資源，用全國最優質的科技資源建構現代軍事力量體系。對我們國防工程領域而言，要重視推進建築資訊模型（BIM）在軍事工程的應用，實現工程建設與運作維護的資訊化、精細化管理。

創新驅動實質上是人才驅動，誰擁有了一流的創新人才，誰就擁有了科技創新的優勢和主導權。

著眼當下，加強國防和軍隊建設最緊張的就是人才；放眼未來，實現軍隊建設跨越式發展最核心的還是人才。全力驅動人才培養引擎，才能強勢助推國防科技自主創新。

多年的科學研究工作經驗使我感到，人才培育工作是一項系統工程和策略任務，需要著眼全局，加強頂層設計，科學設置梯次，著力形成優秀人才競相湧現、人人爭當軍營「創客」的生動局面。人才培育有其固有的特點和規律，不可能一蹴而就、短期速成，需要牢固樹立科學的人才培養觀，以「功成不必在我，而功力必不唐捐」的思想境界和信心勇氣，久久為功、持續接力，才能把人才培養藍圖變成現實，為科技興軍提供堅實的人才支撐。

搞軍事科研如同打仗，有前瞻性視野才能贏得攻克難題的製高點，把握勝利的主動權。

近年來，國內外國防科技快速發展，陸海空天一體的全方位偵察技術不斷提升，戰場中以高度資訊化技術為支撐的兵力武器運用以及新式武器的問世，大大改變了未來戰爭的作戰樣式和特徵，科學研究人員要深刻掌握並立足未來戰爭特點，有針對性地進行創新性科學研究工作。

具體到國防工程研究領域，軍事科研人員要緊跟世界武器裝備和防護技術發展的前沿，既要注重防“硬殺傷”，也要注重防“軟殺傷”；既要注重對要害部位的防護，也要注重整體系統防護；既要搞好被動防護，也要追蹤研究主動防護和新型武器防護技術，推動顛覆性技術創新，努力提升國防工程戰場生存能力和作戰保障能力。

来源：中国军网综合

作者：潘娣 赵杰等责任编辑：柳晨

2018-05-02 

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.81.cn/2018zt/2018-05/02/content_8020899.htm

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Accelerate Innovation & Development of Chinese National Defence Science and Technology Support Modernization of China’s Military

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加速國防科技創新發展支撐軍隊現代化

2023年11月26日07:00

現代英語：

President Xi Jinping emphasized that military scientific research has a strong exploratory nature, and innovation must be placed in a more prominent position, strategic planning and top-level design must be done well, innovation in military theory, innovation in national defense science and technology, and innovation in organizational models of military scientific research must be strengthened, and The engine of military scientific research and innovation is running at full speed. This important statement by President Xi profoundly reveals the importance of national defense scientific and technological innovation and is the fundamental guideline for promoting the development of national defense scientific and technological innovation under the new situation. We must launch the engine of innovation and development of national defense science and technology at full speed, promote the high-quality development of national defense science and technology, and provide strong material and technical support to achieve the centenary goal of the founding of the army and comprehensively build a world-class army.

Strengthen basic research towards the development frontier

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are taking place, and the world’s new military revolution is accelerating, ushering in the era of moving from informatization to intelligence, which will inevitably bring about major evolutions in the form of war, major adjustments in military strategies, The combat methods have undergone major changes and the combat forces have undergone a major transformation. To promote the innovative development of national defense science and technology, we must adhere to the forefront of the world’s military science and technology development, the major needs of building a strong military, and the future battlefield, conscientiously explore the winning mechanism of future wars, continuously increase the contribution rate of national defense science and technology to war preparation, deterrence and victory, and seize the future military Injecting strong momentum into the commanding heights of competitive strategy.

Aim at the forefront of the world’s military science and technology, keep up with the world’s new military revolution, especially the development direction of military science and technology, seize the opportunities arising from the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution, strive to narrow the gap in key areas, and measure innovation by obtaining comparative advantages. The fundamental standards for development are to select the breakthrough points and focus points of scientific and technological innovation, strengthen forward-looking planning and design, allocate limited resources to major technological research, concentrate superior forces, vigorously conquer key technologies in the military field, and master a number of independent intellectual property rights. core technology. From structural design to force ratio to scientific research projects, we should seize the main research areas, reflect the development frontier, form overall advantages, and actively seek strategic initiative and military advantages.

With the continuous development of science and technology, the characteristics of multi-disciplinary professional cross-clustering and multi-field technology integration have become increasingly prominent. Big crossover, big integration, and big breakthroughs have become the basic laws of the development of modern military science. To promote the innovative development of national defense science and technology, we must strive to improve technological cognition, dare to explore new paths in construction ideas and technological paths, open up channels for transforming technological chains into industrial chains, and enhance national strategic capabilities and weapons and equipment development capabilities. It is necessary to follow the essential requirements and inherent laws of national defense science and technology, stand in the context of the national innovation system and military-civilian integrated collaborative innovation, accelerate the establishment of a strategic, basic, cutting-edge, and open scientific research and innovation platform, and promote the direction of national defense science and technology. Military theory and military technology are closely integrated, basic research and applied research promote each other, and independent innovation and absorption and reference are emphasized simultaneously. Adapt to the requirements of national defense science and technology innovation and development, do a good job in basic management, and establish a basic supporting management mechanism to ensure the development of national defense science and technology innovation; strengthen project management, and strive to form a classified, efficient, flexible, adaptive, and sustainable management mechanism and work process; Broaden technology transformation channels, establish and improve policy systems and mechanisms for the transformation and application of national defense scientific and technological achievements, and promote the rapid transformation and application of national defense scientific and technological innovation achievements.

Practice has proved that basic research is the key to how high and how far national defense science and technology innovation can “jump” and “run”. Therefore, we must focus on innovative basic and applied basic research, build a rich scientific reserve, correctly grasp the relationship between basic research and technology application, and provide strong support for promoting the innovative development of national defense science and technology. First, basic research should be regarded as the leading project to promote the innovation and development of national defense science and technology, and be placed in a strategic position of priority development. Sufficient and stable funding investment should be maintained, advance layout and priority support should be provided in several major areas, and new concepts, new principles, and New methods, striving to achieve major breakthroughs in basic, cutting-edge and strategic fields. Second, we must adhere to the use of systems engineering thinking and methods, correctly understand and scientifically guide basic research and technology application practices, not only promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, but also cultivate new technological growth points to form “basic research, development and application, and achievement transformation”. , a closed link to integrated application and re-innovation. Third, we must open up channels for the transformation of national defense scientific and technological achievements as soon as possible, and promote scientific research achievements to take root in building a world-class army and serving in war preparations. Actively explore scientific research collaboration in the form of technology groups, project groups, etc., strengthen military-civilian communication and collaboration, smooth channels for technical needs, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements as soon as possible.

Establish scientific research as a battle orientation and win the future through innovation

Focusing on actual combat is the core goal of military construction. We must regard the fundamental traction of adhering to combat needs as an important guiding principle for the innovative development of national defense science and technology. We must always aim at the innovative development of military theory and military science and technology for tomorrow’s war, and explore the formation of military theories that keep pace with the development of the times and the country. A national defense science and technology innovation system that is adapted to security needs and meets future combat requirements.

To promote the innovative development of national defense science and technology, we must firmly establish the fundamental orientation of scientific research for warfare, conduct in-depth research on the characteristics, combat styles, operational focus and winning mechanisms under informationized conditions, persist in guiding basic research and exploration of strategic frontier technologies based on operational needs, and further improve Scientific research projects focus on systems and mechanisms such as preparation for war. At the same time, we must keep a close eye on future combat opponents, accurately grasp the evolution of war forms and the development trends of world military science and technology, constantly update ideas and concepts, and scientifically plan today’s preparations, design tomorrow’s wars, and win on future battlefields. .

Combat effectiveness has always been the decisive factor in the success or failure of the army, and combat effectiveness standards are the only fundamental standards for military construction. The rapid development of high-tech with information technology as the core has resulted in unprecedented profound changes in the complexity of offensive and defensive warfare mechanisms, and has had an unprecedented profound impact on the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. Therefore, we must regard independent innovation as an important factor, component and way of realizing the transformation of the combat effectiveness generation model, be good at discovering the potential driving force of new technologies for the development of combat effectiveness, and promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation in the great practice of comprehensively realizing the goal of strengthening the military.

In order to adapt to the requirements of winning informationized and intelligent wars and focus on effectively fulfilling missions and tasks, it is necessary to adhere to the strategic basis of independent innovation, improve the scientific research collaborative innovation mechanism, create an integrated innovation platform, and comprehensively promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation. First, we should regard the weak links of national defense science and technology as the main direction of promoting independent innovation, and at the same time increase the intensity of original innovation, focus on mastering key core technologies in some important fields and technological frontiers, and strive to build a system that can continuously increase national defense science and technology reserves and A national defense science and technology innovation system that can enable rapid transformation. Correctly handle the relationship between key technologies and general technologies, general technologies and special technologies, traditional technologies and high and new technologies, achieve overall consideration and rational layout, and achieve mutual support and coordinated development of various technologies and disciplines. Second, we must grasp the needs for the development of national defense science and technology innovation, focus on solving problems in the science and technology management system, demand generation mechanism, scientific research planning system, etc., improve the overall effectiveness of scientific research, and create strong vitality to promote independent innovation. Vigorously promote the sharing of basic technical resources between the military and civilians, and establish and improve military-civilian standardization coordination mechanisms and technical service mechanisms. Third, we must improve the scientific and technological collaborative innovation policy and system of universities, scientific research institutes, enterprises, and governments, maximize the advantages of all aspects, strive to create an integrated innovation platform, and form an overall synergy to promote collaborative innovation of national defense science and technology.

Implement the strategy of strengthening the army with talents in the new era to unleash creative vitality

Promoting the innovation and development of national defense science and technology ultimately depends on high-level talents. Without a strong team of national defense science and technology talents, independent innovation will be water without a source and a tree without roots. Therefore, we must actively adapt to the requirements of national defense science and technology innovation and development, and vigorously build a systematic and high-level talent training platform to allow more high-quality and professional talents to emerge.

Firmly establish the concept of “talents are the first resource”, insist on cultivating talents as a major political task, and use the insight to recognize talents, the true love for talents, the methods of gathering talents, the courage to use talents, and the mind to accommodate talents, Boldly use strategic scientists to support young scientific and technological talents to take on important roles and assume important responsibilities, and continuously strengthen the team of leading scientific and technological talents and first-class innovation teams. We must adhere to the joint efforts of major national defense science and technology construction projects and talent construction projects, boldly select, use and temper various talents in the practice of major projects and major tasks, cultivate and create a new generation of scientific and technological talents and leading talents, and build the field of national defense science and technology and equipment into a national It is a highland for innovative talents and a fertile ground for talents to grow and prosper, forming a vivid situation in which the creative vitality of national defense science and technology talents bursts out. Clarify the evaluation methods and standards for national defense scientific and technological talents, improve the differentiated evaluation and policy support mechanism for national defense scientific and technological talents, and build an evaluation system that conforms to the laws of national defense science and technology and the laws of talent growth. Reform the science and technology management and personnel system, let scientific research management keep up with the pace of scientific and technological innovation, truly free up hands and feet, free up time and build a platform for scientific researchers, and hand over the stage of scientific research and innovation to them with confidence, so that they can play the leading role in scientific research and innovation. , sing a big show.

A scientific and fair evaluation mechanism plays a fundamental role in stimulating innovation. Practice has proved that any major breakthrough in the field of basic research is inseparable from long-term accumulation and repeated failures. This is an inevitable law of scientific development. Therefore, in the process of scientific research and production of national defense technology and weapons and equipment, we must not only encourage scientific researchers to have fantastic ideas, but also tolerate their failures in exploration and practice. It is advocated that the implementation of various scientific research plans should not be based on the number of papers and patents as project goals, but should focus on the acquisition of original results and allow a certain failure rate. Conduct peer evaluation of basic and cutting-edge technology research, highlight medium- and long-term goal orientation and original value, strive to create a fair competition environment that encourages innovation, and make great efforts to activate the “pool of spring water” for the innovation and development of national defense science and technology.

Comprehensively implement the strategy of strengthening the military with talents in the new era, further enhance the vitality of talent team building, maximize the innovation power of national defense science and technology talents, and fully mobilize their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity. Follow the growth rules of high-quality and professional military personnel, create an environment that recognizes, loves, respects, and utilizes talents, formulates policies and systems that combine competition incentives and advocating cooperation, promotes the orderly flow and rational distribution of human resources, and serves local talents to serve national defense Build a good platform for science and technology construction, and strive to create a good situation where people can make the best use of their talents, fully display their talents, and make full use of their talents.

(The author is a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences)

(Editors: Wang Zifeng, Song Meiqi)

現代國語：

習近平主席強調指出，軍事科學研究具有很強的探索性，要把創新擺在更加突出的位置，做好戰略謀劃和頂層設計，加強軍事理論創新、國防科技創新、軍事科研工作組織模式創新，把軍事科研創新的引擎全速發動。習主席的這一重要論述，深刻揭示了國防科技創新的重要性，是新形勢下推動國防科技創新發展的根本遵循。我們要全速發動國防科技創新發展的引擎，促進國防科技高品質發展，為實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標、全面建成世界一流軍隊提供強而有力的物質技術支撐。

面向發展前沿 加強基礎研究

當前，新一輪科技革命和產業變革正孕育興起，世界新軍事革命加速推進，拉開了從資訊化向智慧化邁進的時代大幕，必將帶來戰爭形態大演進、軍事戰略大調整、作戰方式大嬗變、作戰力量大轉型。推進國防科技創新發展，必須堅持面向世界軍事科技發展前沿，面向強軍實踐重大需求，面向未來戰場，認真探索未來戰爭制勝機理，不斷提高國防科技對備戰懾戰勝戰的貢獻率，為搶佔未來軍事競爭戰略制高點注入強勁動能。

瞄準世界軍事科技前沿，緊跟世界新軍事革命特別是軍事科技發展方向，緊緊抓住新一輪科技革命和產業革命正在興起的機遇，努力縮小關鍵領域的差距，以取得比較優勢作為衡量創新發展的根本標準，選準科技創新的突破口和著力點，加強前瞻謀劃設計，把有限的資源配置到重大技術攻關上，集中優勢力量，大力攻克軍事領域的關鍵技術，掌握一批擁有自主知識產權的核心技術。從結構設計到力量配比再到科研項目，都應抓住主要研究領域，體現發展前沿，形成整體優勢，積極謀求戰略主動和軍事優勢。

隨著科學技術不斷發展，多學科專業交叉群集、多領域技術融合整合的特徵日益凸顯，大交叉、大融合、大突破已成為現代軍事科學發展的基本規律。推進國防科技創新發展，要努力提陞技術認知能力，在建設思路、技術路徑上敢於蹚新路，打通技術鏈轉化為產業鏈的通道，提升國家戰略能力和武器裝備發展實力。要遵循國防科技的本質要求與內在規律，站在國家創新大體系、軍民一體化協同創新的大背景下，加速建立戰略性、基礎性、前沿性、開放性的科學研究創新平台，推動國防科技向軍事理論與軍事技術緊密結合、基礎研究與應用研究相互促進、自主創新與吸收借鑒並重舉轉變。適應國防科技創新發展要求，搞好基礎管理，配套建立確保國防科技創新發展的基礎支撐性管理機制﹔加強項目管理，努力形成分類分級、高效靈活、自適應、可持續的管理機制和工作流程﹔拓寬技術轉化管道，建立並改善國防科技成果轉化應用政策制度機制，推動國防科技創新成果快速轉化應用。

實踐証明，國防科技創新能「跳」多高、「跑」多遠，基礎研究是關鍵。因此，要著力抓好創新性基礎與應用基礎研究，搞好豐厚的科學儲備，正確掌握基礎研究與技術應用的關系，為推動國防科技創新發展提供強力支撐。一要把基礎研究作為推動國防科技創新發展的先導工程，放在優先發展的戰略位置來抓，保持足夠、穩定的經費投入，在若干重大領域提前佈局與優先支持，探索新概念、新原理、新方法，力爭在基礎性、前衛性、戰略性領域取得重大突破。二要堅持運用系統工程的思維與方法，正確認識與科學指導基礎研究與技術應用實踐，既要促進科技成果轉化運用，又要培育新的技術成長點，形成「基礎研究、開發應用、成果轉化，到整合應用再創新」的閉合鏈路。三要盡快打通國防科技成果轉化的管道，促進科學研究成果在建設世界一流軍隊和服務備戰打仗中落地生根。積極探索以技術群、項目群等形式開展科研協作攻關，加強軍地溝通協作，暢通技術需求通道，促進科技成果盡快實現轉型。

樹立科研為戰導向 以創新制勝未來

聚焦實戰是軍隊建設的核心目標，必須把堅持作戰需求的根本牽引作為國防科技創新發展的重要指導原則，始終瞄準明天的戰爭創新發展軍事理論和軍事科技，探索形成與時代發展同步伐、與國家安全需求相適應、滿足未來作戰要求的國防科技創新體系。

推進國防科技創新發展，必須穩固確立科研為戰的根本導向，深入研究資訊化條件下的作戰特點、作戰樣式、作戰重心和製勝機理，堅持以作戰需求牽引基礎研究和戰略前沿技術探索，進一步完善科學研究項目聚焦於備戰打仗等製度機制，同時要緊盯未來作戰對手，準確掌握戰爭形態演變趨勢、世界軍事科技發展趨勢，不斷更新思想觀念，科學籌劃今天的備戰、設計明天的戰爭、制勝未來的戰場。

戰鬥力始終是軍隊興衰成敗的決定性因素，戰鬥力標準是軍隊建設唯一的根本的標準。以資訊科技為核心的高新技術迅猛發展，戰爭攻防作戰機理的複雜程度發生了前所未有的深刻變化，對於戰鬥力的生成和提高產生了前所未有的深刻影響。因此，必須把自主創新作為戰鬥力生成模式轉變的重要因素、構成要素和實現途徑，善於發現新技術對戰鬥力發展的潛在推動力，在全面實現強軍目標的偉大實踐中促進國防科技創新發展。

為適應打贏資訊化與智慧化戰爭要求，著眼有效履行使命任務，就要堅持自主創新的戰略基點，完善科研協同創新機制，打造融合創新平台，全面推進國防科技創新發展。一要把國防科技的薄弱環節作為推進自主創新的主攻方向，同時加大原始性創新力度，著力在一些重要領域和科技前沿掌握關鍵核心技術，努力構建既能使國防科學技術儲備不斷增加、又能使之快速轉化的國防科技創新體系。正確處理重點技術與一般技術、一般技術與專用技術、傳統技術與高新技術的關系，做到統籌兼顧、合理佈局，實現各類技術、各類學科相互支撐、協調發展。二要掌握國防科技創新發展的需求，重點解決科技管理體制、需求生成機制、科學研究計畫體係等面向問題，提昇科研整體效益，形成推動自主創新的強大活力。大力推動技術基礎資源軍民共用分享，建立完善軍民標準化協調機制與技術服務機制。三要健全大學、科研院所、企業、政府的科技協同創新政策制度，最大限度發揮各方面的優勢，著力打造融合創新平台，形成推動國防科技協同創新的整體合力。

實施新時代人才強軍戰略 讓創造活力競相迸發

推進國防科技創新發展，歸根結底要靠高水準人才，如果沒有強大的國防科技人才隊伍，自主創新就是無源之水、無本之木。因此，必須積極適應國防科技創新發展要求，大力打造體系化、高層次的人才培養平台，讓更多高素質、專業化人才競相湧現。

穩固樹立「人才是第一資源」的觀念，堅持把培養人才作為一項重大的政治任務，以識才的慧眼、愛才的真情、聚才的方法、用才的膽略、容才的胸懷，大膽運用策略科學家，支持青年科技人才挑起大樑、擔重任，不斷壯大科技領軍人才隊伍和一流創新團隊。堅持國防科技重大建設工程和人才建設工程一起抓，在重大工程和重大任務實踐中大膽選拔、使用、錘煉各種人才，培養造就新一代科技帥才和領軍人才，把國防科技和裝備領域打造成國家創新人才的高地、人才成長興業的沃土，形成國防科技人才創造活力競相迸發的生動局面。明確國防科技人才的評價方式與標準，完善國防科技人才差異化評價與政策支援機制，建構符合國防科技規律和人才成長規律的評價體系。改革科技管理與人事制度，讓科學研究管理跟上科技創新的步伐，真正為科研人員放開手腳、騰出時間、搭建平台，把科研創新的舞台放心交給他們，讓他們在科研創新中當主角、唱大戲。

科學公平的評價機制對於激勵創新具有根本性的作用。實踐証明，任何一個基礎研究領域的重大突破都離不開長期的積累和多次的失敗，這是科學發展的必然規律。因此，在國防科技和武器裝備科學研究生產過程中，既要鼓勵科學研究人員有奇思妙想，又要寬容其在探索實踐中的失敗。提倡各類科學研究計劃的實施不以論文、專利數量為項目目標，注重原創成果的取得，允許一定的失敗比例。對基礎和前沿技術研究實行同行評價，突顯中長期目標導向和原創價值，著力營造激勵創新的公平競爭環境，下大力氣激活國防科技創新發展的「一池春水」。

全面貫徹實施新時代人才強軍戰略，進一步增強人才隊伍建設活力，最大限度激發國防科技人才的創新動力、充分調動他們的積極性、主動性和創造性。遵循高素質、專業化軍事人才成長規律，營造識才愛才敬才用才的環境，制定競爭激勵和崇尚合作相結合的政策制度，促進人才資源有序流動、合理佈局，為地方人才服務國防科技建設搭建好平台，著力形成人盡其才、盡展其才、才盡其用的良好局面。

（作者係軍事科學院系統工程研究院研究員、博士生導師）

(責編：王之鋒、宋美琪)

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2023/1126/c1011-40125888.html

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China’s Military Looking at the Generation of New Quality Combat Power from the Perspective of Intelligent Victory

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從智勝視角看中國軍隊新型優質戰鬥力生成

現代英語：

Intelligent victory is a distinct feature of the times in the “quality” of new quality combat power. With the development of science and technology and the evolution of war forms, intelligent joint operations based on “energy mobility and information interconnection”, supported by “network communication and distributed cloud”, with “data computing and model algorithms” as the core, and “cross-domain command and multi-domain operations” as the path, gradually outline a vivid scene of the application of new quality combat power. The intelligent trend of new quality combat power will trigger a chain breakthrough in the military field and become a key variable in changing the rules of war. To enhance new quality combat power and win future wars, we should “knock on the door” of intelligent operations and explore methods and paths to iteratively generate new quality combat power of intelligent joint operations.

Analyzing the characteristics of new quality combat power based on intelligent winning mechanism

Throughout human history, the mechanisms for winning wars have all left clear marks of the era of technological development. To understand and grasp the new quality of combat power of intelligent joint combat, we should keep up with the development of war forms and analyze its key characteristics.

The battlefield environment is distributed in multiple domains. The battlefield environment is the space for the use of new-quality combat power and the space-time framework for understanding the new-quality combat power of intelligent joint operations. Since the emergence of war, the space-time of war has undergone multiple leaps, including plane, three-dimensional, and invisible space. At present, combat confrontation is unfolding in a fusion space with dimensions including physical domain, information domain, and even biological domain and social domain. In intelligent joint operations, the status of virtual space rises and gradually integrates deeply with physical space. Invisible confrontations such as network, intelligence, and psychology constitute a new space. Establishing a virtual battlefield, realizing virtual-real interaction, and achieving virtual-real control have become new driving forces for joint operations.

Multiple integration of constituent elements. Constituent elements are the inherent characteristics of new-quality combat power and the basic elements of new-quality combat power of intelligent joint operations. Mechanized joint operations are platform-centric operations, with firepower and mobility as the dominant forces. The combination of people, mechanized equipment, and tactics is more of a superposition and accumulation, with the goal of carrying energy with objects and releasing energy with objects. Informatized joint operations are network-centric operations, with information power as the dominant force. The combination of network information, people, informationized equipment, and tactics is more of a linkage and interconnection, with the goal of gathering energy with the network and releasing energy with the network. The dominant force of intelligent joint operations is intelligence. The combat elements of cloud, network, people, equipment, and tactics are integrated through models, algorithms, and data to form a complex system with agile reorganization and autonomous adaptation, realizing the control of energy with intelligence and the control of energy with intelligence.

The mode of action is multi-functional and parallel. The mode of action is the energy release path of the new quality combat power and the key to analyzing the new quality combat power of intelligent joint operations. The use of system architecture and distributed coordination in joint operations has made distributed parallelism emerge in war. In joint operations, the speed of information sharing, mobile response, firepower strikes, and command and control decision-making has been greatly accelerated, and the effectiveness of different combat units can act in parallel. In recent local conflicts and military operations, the granularity of command and operations has become smaller and smaller, but the control range, combat effectiveness, and confrontation intensity have increased exponentially, which is the best example of multi-functional parallelism.

Evaluation and feedback from multiple perspectives. Evaluation and feedback is the iterative starting point for the evolution and improvement of new-quality combat power, the dynamic basis for promoting the development of new-quality combat power in intelligent joint combat, and an easily overlooked link in the generation of new-quality combat power. The high-precision and fast-paced characteristics of intelligent joint combat make multi-perspective evaluation and feedback a rigid need. Among them, the cloud-network-group-end link perspective can review the operating status of cloud platforms, networks, “swarms”, terminals, etc.; the manned and unmanned interaction perspective can judge the technical mechanisms of different interaction stages; the multi-domain aggregated space-time perspective is conducive to comprehensive evaluation and understanding of battlefield situations.

Reconstructing the new quality combat power generation model with system concept

At present, technologies such as artificial intelligence and cloud computing are constantly driving the transformation of the basic elements of joint operations. There is a new trend of development from separation to integration, from single equipment to clusters, and from physical to virtual-real interaction between functional modules such as intelligence, command and control, firepower, and network and electronics. The traditional combat capability generation model is no longer able to adapt to the development, and a new quality combat capability generation model should be reconstructed with new thinking.

Create an intelligent warfare system. Outdated military needs will not produce the best system for future warfare. Concept scenarios should be derived from intelligent technology, linking interactive intelligent components with existing personnel, equipment, tactics, etc. to form an intelligent combat system that includes perception, decision-making, offense and defense, support, and virtual-real interaction. An unchanging combat system will also be difficult to adapt to the rapid evolution of the war situation. An innovation chain of rapid iteration and leapfrogging should be formed to run through the entire process of generating new quality combat power and promote the evolution of the combat system from low-level to high-level.

Build agile combat units. The combat system is a high-intensity confrontation system. The faster the iteration speed in peacetime and the more advanced the construction level, the stronger the survivability in wartime. To build an intelligent joint combat system, we should start with cultivating the initiative and creativity of all individuals to form an agile team that can respond quickly and actively deal with battlefield uncertainties. Military training should fully absorb the lessons learned from recent local wars, change the traditional mode of large-scale linear deployment and group operations, highlight the distributed combat exercises of “breaking the whole into parts”, enhance the system’s anti-destruction ability, and improve stability.

Promote disruptive technological transformation. One of the secrets to the success of military revolution is the “surging” transformation of science and technology to the military. We should focus on advancing the basis of combat readiness with scientific and technological progress, transfer and transform the latest scientific achievements such as game theory, complex system science, and software definition, upgrade and transform the basic platforms of combat software and hardware, and explore the mechanism of system victory with innovative thinking, paradigms, and tools. At the same time, we should accelerate the extension of mature technologies such as mobile Internet and cloud computing to the combat system, accelerate the application of new materials, new energy, and advanced manufacturing to combat platforms, and improve the level of unmanned, bionic, and clustered intelligent combat.

Seek asymmetric checks and balances. Since the 20th century, “selective disclosure” and “cost imposition” have led opponents in the wrong direction and disrupted the rhythm, becoming common means in major countries’ military competition. Simply “fighting hard” according to the discourse system and method system dominated by others is often difficult to play one’s own advantages, and may even fall into the trap set by opponents. We should focus on leveraging our strengths and avoiding our weaknesses, scientifically choose our own combat effectiveness development path, and achieve misaligned competition. We should jump out of the leader’s preset, dynamically benchmark, and iteratively develop. Strengthen criticism and falsification to prevent being confused and misled by opponents.

Promoting the iterative development of new quality combat capabilities through continuous evolution

Whoever can take the lead in building new quality combat capability will gain the upper hand. The intelligent joint combat system is a complex and huge system that is constantly evolving. Its elements are constantly expanding and its environment spans multiple domains. It should follow the mechanism of continuous evolution and improvement, and within the scope of strategic management, take demand as the goal, efficiency as the key, and precision as the guide to promote the iterative development of new quality combat capability.

The generation link is included in strategic management. Intelligent joint operations are the new frontier for advancing war preparations and should be promoted in a coordinated manner according to the strategic management link. In the demand link, we should fully consider the gap between capabilities and needs, and scientifically justify the direction and amount of investment in construction resources; in the planning and budgeting link, we should follow the principle of matching goals and tasks with actual resources, focus on efficiency and implement budget control; in the execution and evaluation link, we should not only promote the top-level institutions to relay and coordinate operations vertically, but also regulate, supervise, and correct each field according to their responsibilities one by one.

The generation process establishes a positive cycle. Intelligent joint operations are in an era of change in which science and technology are developing from information networks to artificial intelligence, combat styles are changing from network-centric warfare to cross-domain autonomous parallel operations, and political, economic, diplomatic and military means are integrated and used. The generation process of new quality combat power should establish a positive cycle of iterative development and continuous evolution. It is necessary to pay attention to the balanced development of the capabilities of each system, as well as to clarify the levels and weights, and gradually achieve the best system and the strongest capabilities through hierarchical modeling and positive cycles.

The output of the generation is closely focused on the game confrontation. Only by keeping a close eye on the military game process can the construction of new quality combat power be targeted and in the right direction. We should focus on system competition, form a system of troops, seek system advantages, produce system results, and strengthen system capabilities in combat theory, equipment development, military training, etc., and avoid shortcomings. We should seek asymmetric checks and balances, neither closed and rigid, nor copy and paste, follow the trend, lead opponents in the key areas of building new quality combat power of intelligent joint operations, and create new advantages to check and balance powerful enemies in the process of actively responding to changes and seeking changes.

The generation efficiency is embedded in the inspection and evaluation. The generation efficiency of the new quality combat capability of intelligent joint operations should be included in the inspection and evaluation system. By analyzing strategic tasks to set operational requirements and new quality combat capability indicators, simulating and deducing the effectiveness of the use of new quality combat capability scenarios through major exercise activities, and testing and measuring new quality combat capability indicators through the design of evaluation model algorithms, evaluation and feedback can be used to support the construction of new quality combat capability of intelligent joint operations.

(Author’s unit: Strategic Assessment and Consulting Center, Academy of Military Science)

現代國語：

從智慧制勝角度看新質戰鬥力生成

■張宏昌 閻 魁 史 霞

引言

智能製勝，是新質戰鬥力「質」中鮮明的時代特徵。隨著科技發展與戰爭形態演變，以“能量機動和信息互聯”為基礎、“網絡通信和分佈式雲”為支撐、“數據計算和模型算法”為內核、“跨域指揮和多域行動”為途徑的智慧化聯合作戰，逐漸勾勒出新質戰鬥力應用的鮮活場景。新質戰鬥力的智慧化趨勢，將引發軍事領域的鍊式突破，成為改變戰爭規則的關鍵變數。提升新質戰鬥力、打贏未來戰爭，應該向智能化作戰“叩門”，探索迭代生成智能化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力的方法路徑。

按智能製勝機理解析新質戰鬥力特徵

縱觀人類史，戰爭制勝機理無不鮮明留下科技發展的時代烙印。認識掌握智慧化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力，應緊跟戰爭形態發展，解析其關鍵特徵。

戰場環境多域分佈。戰場環境是新質戰鬥力的運用空間，是認識智慧化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力的時空框架。自戰爭產生以來，戰爭時空經歷了平面、立體、無形空間等多次飛躍。目前，作戰對抗在包含物理域、資訊域甚至生物域、社會域等維度的融合空間展開。智能化聯合作戰，虛擬空間地位上升並逐漸與物理空間深度融合一體，網電、情報、心理等無形對抗構成全新空間，建立虛擬戰場、實現虛實互動、達成以虛制實成為聯合作戰新的發力端。

構成要素多元整合。構成要素是新質戰鬥力的內涵特徵，是智慧化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力的基礎元素。機械化聯合作戰是平台中心戰，主導力量是火力和機動力，人、機械化裝備、戰法的組合方式更多是疊加累積，目的是實現以物載能、以物釋能。資訊化聯合作戰是網絡中心戰，主導力量是資訊力，網絡資訊、人、資訊化裝備、戰法的組合方式更多是鏈接貫通，目的是實現以網聚能、以網釋能。智能化聯合作戰的主導力量是智力，作戰要素雲、網、人、裝備、戰法通過模型、算法、數據多元整合，構成敏捷重組、自主適應的復雜系統，實現以智蠅能、以智制能。

作用方式多能並行。作用方式是新質戰鬥力的釋能途徑，也是解析智能化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力的關鍵所在。體系架構、分佈協同在聯合作戰中的使用，使分佈並行在戰爭中嶄露頭角。聯合作戰中，資訊共享、機動反應、火力打擊、指控決策速度皆大幅加快，不同作戰單元效能可並行作用。在近年來的局部沖突和軍事行動中，指揮和作戰的顆粒度越來越小，但控制範圍、作戰效能、對抗烈度卻成倍增加，就是多能並行的最好例證。

評估反饋多層視角。評估回饋是新質戰鬥力演進提升的迭代起點，是推進智慧化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力發展的動態基礎，也是新質戰鬥力生成中易被忽視的環節。智慧化聯合作戰高精度、快節奏的特徵，讓多層視角評估回饋成為剛需。其中，雲網群端的鏈接視角，可以審視雲平台、網絡、「蜂群」、終端等運行狀況；有人無人的交互視角，能夠判斷不同交互階段技術機制；多域聚合的時空視角，有助於綜合評估認識戰場態勢。

用系統理念重構新質戰鬥力生成模式

目前，人工智慧、雲端計算等技術不斷催生聯合作戰基本要素發生嬗變。情報、指控、火力、網電等功能模塊之間，呈現由分離向融合、單裝向集群、實物為主向虛實互動發展的新趨勢。傳統作戰能力生成模式已難以適應發展，應以新思維重構新質戰鬥力生成模式。

創建智慧化戰爭體系。過時的軍事需求，孕育不出適應未來戰爭的最優體系。應以智慧科技為原點衍生概念場景，連結互動智慧零件和現有人員、裝備、戰法等，形成包含感知、決策、攻防、保障及虛實互動的智慧化作戰體系。一成不變的作戰體系，也難以適應戰爭形態的快速演變。應形成快速迭代、跨越提升的創新鏈，貫穿新質戰鬥力生成全過程，推動作戰體係從低階向高階演化。

打造敏捷性作戰單位。作戰體係是高強度的對抗系統，平時的迭代速度越迅速，建設水準越先進，戰時的生存能力就越強。打造智慧化聯合作戰體系，應以培育所有個體的主動性、創造性為起點，形成能夠快速響應，積極應對戰場不確定性的敏捷團隊。軍事訓練應充分汲取近期局部戰爭中的經驗教訓，改變大規模線式部署、集團作戰的傳統模式，突顯「化整為零」的分散式作戰演訓，增強體系抗毀性，提高穩定性。

推動顛覆性科技轉型。軍事革命的成功密碼之一，是科技向軍事的「浪湧」轉化。應著眼科技進步前移作戰準備基點，遷移轉化博弈論、複雜系統科學、軟件定義等最新科學成果，升級改造作戰軟硬體基礎平台，以創新思維、範式、工具，探尋體系製勝的機理。同時，加速移動互聯、雲端計算等成熟技術向作戰體系延伸，加速新材料、新能源、先進製造等向作戰平台應用，提高無人化、仿生化、群聚化智慧作戰水準。

謀求非對稱制衡優勢。 20世紀以來，「選擇性揭露」「成本強加」等將對手方向帶偏、節奏帶亂，成為大國軍事競爭中的慣用手段。單純依照他人主導的話語體系、方法體系“硬拼”，往往難以發揮自身優勢，甚至還會掉入對手預設的陷阱。應注重揚長避短，科學選擇自身戰鬥力發展路徑，實現錯位競爭。應跳出引領者預設，動態對標、迭代發展。強化批判證偽，防範被對手迷惑誤導。

以持續演化推動新質戰鬥力迭代發展

誰能在新質戰鬥力建設上領先一步，誰就能贏得制勝先機。智能化聯合作戰體係是一個不斷演進的復雜巨系統，其要素不斷拓展、環境跨越多域，應按照持續演化改進的機制，在戰略管理範疇內以需求為目標、以效能為關鍵、以精準為導向，推動新質戰鬥力迭代發展。

生成鏈路納入戰略管理。智慧化聯合作戰是推進戰爭準備的新前沿，應依照戰略管理連結統籌推進。需求環節，充分考慮能力與需求差距，科學論證建設資源投向投量；規劃及預算環節，依目標任務與現實資源匹配原則，著眼效益抓好預算控制執行；執行及評量環節，縱向上既要推進頂層機構接力協同作業，橫向再要調控、監督、糾偏各領域依職責逐一落實。

生成過程建立正向循環。智慧化聯合作戰處於科學技術由資訊網絡向人工智慧發展、作戰樣式由網絡中心戰向跨域自主並行作戰轉變、政治經濟外交與軍事手段融合運用的變革時代，新質戰鬥力生成過程應建立迭代發展、持續演進的正向循環。既注重各系統能力的均衡發展，也要劃清層次、釐清權重，透過分級建模、正向循環，逐步實現體系最優、能力最強。

生成輸出緊盯博弈對抗。只有緊盯軍事博弈過程，新質戰鬥力建設才能有的放矢、找準方向。應著眼體系競爭，在作戰理論、設備發展、軍訓等方面成體係用兵、謀體系優勢、出體系成果、強體系能力，避免短板缺項。要謀求非對稱制衡，既不封閉僵化，也不照抄照搬、跟風炒作，在智能化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力建設的關鍵領域領先對手，在主動應變求變中打造制衡強敵的新優勢。

產生效能嵌入檢驗評估。智慧化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力生成效能應納入檢驗評估體系。通過分析戰略任務設定作戰需求和新質戰鬥力指標、通過重大演訓活動模擬推演新質戰鬥力運用場景實效、通過設計評價模型算法檢驗度量新質戰鬥力指標，以評估反饋支撐智能化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力建設。

（作者單位：軍事科學院戰略評估諮詢中心）

來源：解放軍報 作者：張宏昌 閆魁 史霞 責任編輯：葉夢圓 2024-07-16 09

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/16324777888.html

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Enhancing and Influencing the Chinese Military Innovation Culture

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弘揚及影響中國軍事創新文化 //2016年01月12日08:XX   来源：解放军报

現代英語：

At the Central Military Commission’s reform work conference, President Xi Jinping emphasized, “We must focus on seizing the strategic commanding heights of future military competition, give full play to the role of innovation-driven development, and cultivate new growth points for combat effectiveness.” This important statement profoundly reveals the important position of military innovation in the strategy of reforming and strengthening the military.

　　History has repeatedly shown that in the process of military competition, whoever occupies the commanding heights of military culture may lead the trend of military innovation, stay ahead of the war and win strategic advantages in advance.

　　The deepening of national defense and military reforms currently underway is closely linked to the new world military revolution. “In this tide of the new world military revolution, whoever is conservative and complacent will miss precious opportunities and fall into strategic passivity.” President Xi’s words are deafening and thought-provoking. In the process of reforming and strengthening the military, every soldier is not a bystander, but a factor of innovation. In the face of reform, can we accurately grasp the latest trends in the development of world military theory and military technology? Can we adapt to the latest changes in the form of war? Can we find the right path and method for innovation? These should be questions that we should think about.

　　Culture senses the changes in the world, stands at the forefront of reform, and is the forerunner of the times. We build a strong military culture by leveraging the unique advantages of culture, breaking the conservative and rigid thinking pattern in the context of thousands of ships competing and hundreds of boats vying for the current, stimulating the vitality of military innovation, and allowing the latest achievements of military cultural innovation to continue to extend to reform.

　　Rocks are flying through the sky, waves are crashing against the shore, in the rolling tide of the new world military revolution, who has awakened and who is still sleeping?

　　–editor

　　The curtain has been raised on deepening the reform of national defense and the military. This reform is carried out against the backdrop of the surging tide of the world’s military revolution and is another milestone in the history of our military development. From “changing chess pieces” to “changing the chessboard”, institutional reform inevitably requires changes in the “rules of the game” and the military system; it requires accelerating the pace of building an informationized army based on a new organizational structure.

　　The new military revolution is a process of continuous innovation, and the informationized army is essentially an innovative army. We need to continuously cultivate a military innovation culture, enhance the vitality of reform, and promote the realization of the strategy of reform and strengthening the army.

　　(one)

　　The new trend of the development of world military culture requires us to strengthen cultural cultivation in the process of change and change the thinking logic of military innovation.

　　In a sense, the so-called strategic vision is the vision of understanding the future. Associated with the change in the field of observation, the “paradigm” of innovative thinking has changed accordingly: in the past, it was: practice-technology-theory. Now it is: theory-technology-practice. Associated with the change in the “paradigm” of thinking, since the 1980s, military innovation has gradually changed from the previous combat demand-driven model to the “theory-driven” model. Theoretical works such as “The Third Wave” and “Future Wars” by the famous American futurist Alvin Toffler have played a great role in the development of information society, information warfare and related technologies. As a result, the logic of military innovation has also changed accordingly. The previous order of innovation development was: scientific and technological progress-weapons and equipment-military theory-combat formation. The current development order is: military theory-scientific and technological progress-weapons and equipment-combat formation. The military culture of the information age has made combat commanders and military theory experts the leaders of military technology innovation.

　　Military theory experts and military technology experts have found that in developed Western countries, the evolution of modern military culture has gone through three stages:

　　Throughout the 19th century and before, most soldiers had not yet realized the huge role of scientific and technological progress in promoting the development of military power. Even a highly innovative military commander like Napoleon easily rejected the suggestion of American scientist Fulton to develop sailless warships. From the beginning of the 19th century to the First World War, although the Industrial Revolution had already affected other areas of society, most soldiers did not think about the role of new technologies in war. They only emphasized the use of existing equipment in their hands and would not think about improving and innovating equipment. This period is called the stage of soldiers “waiting for technology.”

　　At the beginning of the 20th century, the highly developed mechanical industry gradually changed the soldiers’ simple martial concept. On August 8, 1918, in the Battle of Emins, the assault power of the Allied “star” tanks and the bombing power of 300 British aircraft awakened the soldiers from their trenches. In the following 20 years, history has created a large number of new military strategists in the era of mechanized warfare, such as Fuller, Douhet, Guderian, Rommel, Montgomery, de Gaulle, Eisenhower, Zhukov, and Vasilevsky. They are not only proficient in military affairs, but also know the performance characteristics of tanks, aircraft, and other new technological weapons at the time. They regard science and technology as their second major and engineers as their close friends, thus making one innovation after another in the development of tactics. Guderian invented the armored blitzkrieg, Roosevelt accepted Einstein’s suggestion to make the atomic bomb, and Stalin treated a large number of aircraft designers as guests of honor. Because of this, during and after World War II, the military technology and military academic level of these countries have achieved unprecedented and substantial development. This period can be called the stage of “marriage between soldiers and technology”.

　　Since the 1960s and 1970s, due to the rapid development of new technologies such as microelectronics, artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, space, ocean development, new materials, and new energy, the wave of new technological revolution has enabled many far-sighted military strategists to further break the original thinking mode and propose that soldiers should stand at the forefront of scientific and technological development to envision future combat styles, and based on these ideas, in turn propose the goals and directions of military technology innovation. Military defense experts look forward to the development trends in the next 20 to 30 years, design new combat concepts, and innovate combat theories to propose the necessary technical support, and then scientific researchers will meet the new military needs from a technical perspective. Under the organization and guidance of soldiers, military technology has reduced the blindness of development, thereby obtaining faster and more military economic benefits. This period can be said to be the stage of soldiers “leading technology”.

　　The change from soldiers “waiting for technology” and “marrying technology” to “leading technology” reflects the objective trend of the increasingly close relationship between the development of military science and science and technology. This trend forces soldiers to change from being bystanders of technological development to being leaders of technological development.

　　In my country, due to the loss of the opportunity of the first industrial revolution, military culture is still in the stage of “waiting for technology” and “marrying technology”. The military concept that emphasizes history and neglects the future is used to designing our army’s tomorrow according to the opponent’s today; it is used to thinking about our army of tomorrow and fighting against today’s opponent.

　　On the journey of reform, many comrades’ ideas are still stuck in the Gulf War, Kosovo War, Afghanistan War, and Iraq War, which have been 15 or 20 years. The US military proposed the third “offset strategy” to select disruptive new technologies and create new “asymmetric military advantages.” The new military revolution will thus see a turning point: a new form of warfare – light warfare based on autonomous systems is slowly coming. In order to fulfill the historical mission of military reform and meet new challenges, we must strengthen cultural cultivation and transform the thinking logic of military innovation.

　　(two)

　　The cultural core of an army is deeply hidden in its military philosophy. In the process of implementing the strategy of reforming and strengthening the army, we should use modern scientific methods to carry out military innovation.

　　In human history, every great era not only gives people great tasks, but also provides people with new methods. Only those who have clearly defined the great tasks and mastered the new methods can lead the trend of the times.

　　The history of scientific development shows that many major scientific and technological innovations, as well as the raising and solving of major scientific problems, are often the result of certain breakthroughs in scientific methods. Galileo’s discovery of the laws of falling motion and the law of inertia is inseparable from his systematic use of experimental and mathematical methods; Darwin’s creation of the theory of biological evolution benefited from the scientific observation method and the historical comparison method; the theoretical experimental method played an important role in the emergence of Einstein’s theory of relativity; Marx’s “Capital” was able to deeply analyze the complex capitalist society and achieve great success. One of the important reasons is that he cleverly applied the method of unity of logic and history, as well as the method of scientific abstraction, taking the “simplest, most common, and most basic things” – commodities, as the logical and historical starting point of scientific research, rising from the concreteness of perception to the abstract provisions, and then from the abstract provisions to the concreteness of thinking.

　　Similarly, innovation in military theory also first relies on the new methods of the times. The Art of War was published in China in the late Spring and Autumn Period because the ancient system theory represented by “yin and yang” and “five elements” had matured and been complete by then; Clausewitz wrote On War because Newton’s mechanics and Hegel’s dialectics provided him with weapons to study war; Mao Zedong’s military thought is the result of Comrade Mao Zedong’s use of Marxist philosophical methods to study the practice of China’s revolutionary war.

　　The scientific and technological revolution has promoted the improvement of social productivity and military combat effectiveness, and also prompted the development of philosophical thought.

　　The “three major discoveries” of the 19th century (evolution, cytology, and conservation and transformation of energy) led to the end of German classical philosophy and the emergence of Marxist philosophy.

　　In the 20th century, the emergence of relativity, quantum mechanics and life sciences, the development of information technology, biotechnology, nanotechnology, new materials technology, and Internet technology have changed and are continuing to change the world’s landscape. In the 1960s and 1970s, along with the wave of new technological revolution, the revolution of scientific methods reached an unprecedented high, showing the trend of natural science research methods, methods, models and concepts penetrating and blending into the field of social sciences. New scientific methodologies have emerged one after another: system theory, control theory, synergy theory, mutation theory, information theory, discrete theory, functional theory, intelligence theory, optimization theory, reaction theory, fuzzy theory, art theory, as well as “chaos” and “fractals”. From a philosophical perspective, the methods proposed by these cross-disciplinary disciplines can be summarized as system methods and complex system methods.

　　In 1958, after the U.S. military implemented the separation of military administration and military command, it did not quickly regain vitality. The Pentagon’s resource management was in chaos and was still in a precarious situation. In 1960, McConamara took over the Ministry of Defense. In response to the chaotic situation in which the three armed forces acted independently in the use of national defense resources, he proposed the management principle of “combining centralized guidance with decentralized implementation” in 1962, adopted the system engineering method, coordinated the planning of national defense and weapons and equipment construction, and proposed a “Planning, Programming and Budgeting System (PPBS)”, which straightened out the relationship for the construction of the U.S. military and saved resources.

　　In 1986, the U.S. military implemented the Department of Defense Reform Act, which centralized the power of the Department of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff and established a new set of regulations that unified centralization and authorization. This ensured the smooth implementation of joint operations and laid the foundation for future integrated joint operations.

　　At the beginning of the 21st century, when Donald Rumsfeld was the Secretary of Defense, according to the development of the new military revolution, the U.S. military changed the PPBS system’s management habits based on target tasks and proposed a PPBE system based on capability requirements, namely “Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution System”.

　　The PPBS system and the PPBE system are both typical applications of the system science method in national defense management. From a methodological perspective, the characteristics of these systems are: grasping the reality from the future, determining capabilities based on missions and tasks, and driving technology creation and selecting combat formations based on capability requirements. In short, the “upstream” determines the “downstream”, the “top” determines the “bottom”, and the “front end” determines the “back end”.

　　The ideas of system theory and complexity methods have been deeply applied in the transformation of the US military. They believe that previous military theories, namely the theories of famous scholars such as Clausewitz and Jomini, are all based on Newtonian mechanics. In today’s operations, the enemy’s military organization and combat operations must be regarded as a system. In this way, only complexity theory, which Newtonian methods cannot do at all, can be used to describe, predict, and select corresponding confrontational actions. For example, the concept of “friction” often used by Clausewitz in “On War” originated from Newtonian mechanics. It can be said to be a concept of physical war, reflecting the characteristics of war in the pre-industrial era. No matter how tightly organized the army was at that time, it was inevitable to face shocks and hysteresis, frontier confrontation and confrontation. Therefore, Clausewitz used Newtonian mechanics as the main method to understand, study, and guide war. In today’s information warfare, the purpose of war has changed from “destroying the enemy and preserving oneself” to “controlling the enemy and realizing interests.” Therefore, a major change in the confrontation method is from large-scale destruction to increasing the “entropy value” within the enemy organization and increasing the “negative entropy value” within one’s own organization (“entropy” is a description of the disorder within the organization). The more information-based, integrated, and sophisticated a military is, the more vulnerable it becomes. An important principle in modern military construction is to minimize the vulnerability of its own disintegration and collapse; an important principle in war guidance is to actively create and exploit the vulnerability within the enemy.

　　Today, when evaluating a military system, we cannot only look at the amount of matter, energy and information it possesses, but also its anti-destruction ability, stability, and the possible “entropy value”.

　　(three)

　　Informatization and networking have broken through the traditional space boundaries and time barriers. The “pre-practice” of virtual technology has created a new military culture.

　　While causing a revolution in philosophical methodology, the science of complex systems has also triggered a revolution in philosophical epistemology when combined with multimedia technology, virtual reality technology, artificial intelligence technology, high-performance computing technology and simulation technology – there have been some changes in the way humans understand the world.

　　First, the understanding of the unity of the world is richer. In the past, when we talked about the unity of the world, we only emphasized the “primacy of matter”. From today’s perspective, the unity of the world contains three basic elements, namely the unity of matter, energy, and information. In man-made technical systems, it is the unity of materials, energy, and information; in social and economic systems, it is the unity of material flow, energy flow, and information flow. Abstracting the unity of these three aspects to the philosophical level, it colorfully embodies the “unity of matter, movement, and information.”

　　Secondly, the cognitive process has changed from the past “part-whole-part” to today’s “whole-part-whole”. In connection with this, the research method has changed from the past “analysis-synthesis-analysis” to today’s “synthesis-analysis-synthesis”.

　　Informatization and networking have broken through the traditional space boundaries and time barriers. People’s focus on observing problems has shifted from “object-centered” to “system-centered”, and the key to epistemology is no longer “concrete analysis” but “system integration”.

　　This new philosophical epistemology marks a major change in the structure of scientific thinking. Scientific research has shifted from the analytical advantage of the past to the overall comprehensive advantage of today; the static cognition that mainly studied “existence” in the past has shifted to the dynamic cognition that mainly studies systems today.

　　The significance of practice is no longer limited to the framework of history and reality, but also includes the future. After the Gulf War, developed countries established the innovative idea of ​​”proposing theory – combat experiment – actual military exercise – actual combat test”, stepped up the establishment of “combat laboratory”, and made new breakthroughs in military theory research methods.

　　Scholars such as Zhang Yi, the author of Virtual Epistemology, pointed out: “Virtual technology has profoundly changed the way humans perceive the world and created a completely new way of human practice. Virtual technology is not just a way of understanding and interpreting the world, it is itself a way of human practice.”

　　The “pre-practice” of virtual technology creates a new military culture. Thus, the military construction has developed from the past “contemporaneity” to today’s “synchronicity”. “Contemporaneous” development means finishing today and then moving on to tomorrow. “Synchronic” development means that things today, tomorrow and the day after tomorrow can be done at the same time. In this process, based on the repeatability, modifiability and embeddability of virtual technology, the war scenarios that are happening and will happen in the world, as well as the pre-designed war scenarios in the mind, are created into virtual environments to test and correct the military capabilities that should be in different stages.

　　Compared with natural science, military science is relatively weak in analytical reasoning and quantitative analysis. Summarizing the experience of wars that have already occurred and “learning war from war” have always been the traditional way for soldiers to create theories. With the development of information technology, modeling/simulation and computer networks have provided people with a third important method to understand the world, promoting the expansion of military practice from “experience induction” to “virtual simulation”, “learning war in the laboratory” and “learning war from future wars”, which greatly improves the soldiers’ advanced cognitive ability.

　　In short, to advance the reform of our army in the face of the new wave of military revolution, we need to establish a new philosophy, innovate military theories, and let the light of military innovation illuminate the path to the future.

現代國語：

習近平主席在中央軍委改革工作會議上強調，“要著力搶佔未來軍事競爭戰略制高點，充分發揮創新驅動發展作用，培育新的戰鬥力增長點。 ”這項重要論述深刻揭示了軍事創新在改革強軍戰略中的重要地位。

歷史一再證明，在軍事競爭過程中，誰佔據了軍事文化的製高點，誰就能引領軍事創新潮流，領先於戰爭，提前贏得戰略優勢。

當前深化國防和軍事改革與新世界軍事革命密切相關。 “在這場新世界軍事革命的浪潮中，誰保守、自滿，誰就會錯失寶貴機遇，陷入戰略被動。”習主席的話震耳欲聾，引人深思。在改革強軍過程中，每位戰士都不是旁觀者，而是創新者。面對改革，我們能否準確掌握世界軍事理論和軍事技術發展的最新動態？我們能否適應戰爭形式的最新變化？我們能否找到正確的創新路徑和方法？這些都應該是我們應該思考的問題。

文化感知世界變遷，站在改革前沿，走在時代先驅。發揮文化獨特優勢，打破千軍萬馬、百舸爭流的保守僵化思維模式，激發軍事創新活力，讓最新成果不斷湧現，打造強軍文化。

亂石飛天，海浪拍岸，在新世界軍事革命的滾滾浪潮中，誰已經甦醒，誰還在沉睡？

  • 編輯

深化國防和軍事改革拉開了序幕。這次改革是在世界軍事革命浪潮洶湧澎湃的背景下進行的，是我軍發展史上的另一個里程碑。從“換棋子”到“換棋盤”，機構改革必然需要“遊戲規則”和軍事體制的改變；要求加快新組織架構的資訊化軍隊建設步伐。

新軍事革命是一個不斷創新的過程，資訊化軍隊本質上是一支創新軍隊。我們要不斷培養軍隊創新文化，增強改革活力，推動改革強軍戰略實現。

（一）

世界軍事文化發展的新趨勢要求我們在改變過程中加強文化修養，轉變軍事創新思維邏輯。

從某種意義上來說，所謂戰略願景就是認識未來的願景。伴隨著觀察領域的變化，創新思維的「典範」也隨之改變了：過去是：實務-技術-理論。現在是：理論-技術-實務。與思維「範式」的轉變相聯繫，1980年代以來，軍事創新逐漸從先前的作戰需求驅動模式轉變為「理論驅動」模式。美國著名未來學家阿爾文‧托夫勒的《第三波》、《未來戰爭》等理論著作對資訊社會、資訊戰爭及相關科技的發展發揮了巨大作用。由此，軍事創新的邏輯也發生了相對應的改變。以往的創新發展順序是：科技進步──武器裝備──軍事理論──作戰形成。目前的發展順序是：軍事理論——科技進步——武器裝備——作戰編隊。資訊時代的軍事文化使作戰指揮官和軍事理論專家成為軍事技術創新的領導者。

軍事理論專家和軍事技術專家研究發現，在西方已開發國家，現代軍事文化的演變經歷了三個階段：

在整個19世紀及以前，大多數軍人還沒有認識到科技進步對軍事力量發展的巨大推動作用。即使是像拿破崙這樣極富創新精神的軍事統帥，也輕易地拒絕了美國科學家富爾頓研發無帆戰艦的建議。從十九世紀初到第一次世界大戰，雖然工業革命革命已經影響社會的其他領域，大多數士兵沒有考慮新技術在戰爭中的作用。他們只強調使用手中現有的設備，不會考慮設備的改良和創新。這個時期被稱為士兵「等待技術」的階段。

20世紀初，高度發展的機械工業逐漸改變了士兵單純的軍事觀念。 1918年8月8日，在埃明斯戰役中，盟軍「明星」坦克的突擊威力和300架英國飛機的轟炸威力喚醒了戰壕裡的士兵。此後20年，歷史創造了一大批機械化戰爭時代的新軍事家，如富勒、杜黑、古德里安、隆美爾、蒙哥馬利、戴高樂、艾森豪威爾、朱可夫、華西列夫斯基等。他們不僅精通軍事，也了解當時坦克、飛機等新技術武器的性能特徵。他們視科學技術為第二專業，視工程師為親密朋友，在戰術發展上進行了一次又一次的創新。古德里安發明了裝甲閃電戰，羅斯福接受了愛因斯坦的建議製造原子彈，史達林則把一大批飛機設計師當作貴賓。正因為如此，二戰期間和戰後，這些國家的軍事技術和軍事學術水準都獲得了前所未有的長足發展。這段時期堪稱「軍人與科技聯姻」的階段。

自1960、70年代以來，由於微電子、人工智慧、基因工程、太空、海洋開發、新材料、新能源等新技術的快速發展，新技術革命的浪潮使許多有遠見的軍事家進一步打破原有的思維模式，提出軍人應該站在科技發展的最前沿暢想未來的作戰樣式，並基於這些設想進而提出軍事技術創新的目標和方向。軍事國防專家展望未來20至30年的發展趨勢，設計新的作戰概念，創新作戰理論，提出必要的技術支撐，然後科學研究人員從技術角度滿足新的軍事需求。軍事技術在士兵的組織和指導下，減少了發展的盲目性，從而獲得更快、更多的軍事經濟效益。這段時期可以說是軍人「技術領先」的階段。

士兵從「等技術」、「嫁技術」到「領先技術」的轉變，體現了軍事科學與科技發展關係日益密切的客觀趨勢。這種趨勢迫使士兵從技術發展的旁觀者轉變為技術發展的領導者。

在我國，由於失去了第一次工業革命的機遇，軍事文化仍處於「等待科技」和「嫁給科技」的階段。重歷史、輕未來的軍事理念，用來根據對手的今天來設計我軍的明天；它習慣於思考我們的明天的軍隊，並與今天的對手作戰。

在改革的旅程上，許多同志的思想還停留在海灣戰爭、科索沃戰爭、阿富汗戰爭、伊拉克戰爭，已經十五年、二十年了。美軍提出第三個“抵消戰略”，選擇顛覆性新技術，打造新的“非對稱軍事優勢”。新軍事革命將迎來轉捩點：一種新的戰爭形式——基於自主系統的輕型戰爭正在慢慢來臨。履行軍隊改革歷史使命、迎接新挑戰，必須加強文化修養，轉變軍事創新思維邏輯。

（二）

軍隊的文化內核，深蘊藏在軍事理念之中。在實施改革強軍戰略過程中，要運用現代科學方法進行軍事創新。

人類歷史上的每一個偉大時代，不僅賦予人們偉大的任務，也提供人們新的方法。只有明確了偉大任務、掌握了新方法，才能引領時代潮流。

科學發展史表明，許多重大科技創新以及重大科學問題的提出和解決，往往都是科學方法取得一定突破的結果。伽利略發現落體運動定律和慣性定律與他系統性地運用前驅定律是分不開的。

實驗和數學方法；達爾文創立生物演化論得益於科學觀察方法和歷史比較方法；理論實驗方法對愛因斯坦相對論的產生發揮了重要作用；馬克思的《資本論》能夠深入分析複雜的資本主義社會並取得巨大成功。其中一個重要原因是他巧妙地運用了邏輯與歷史相統一的方法以及科學抽象的方法，以「最簡單、最普遍、最基本的東西」——商品，作為邏輯和歷史的起點。著眼點，從感知的具體上升到抽象的規定，再從抽象的規定上升到思考的具體。

同樣，軍事理論的創新也首先依賴時代的新方法。中國春秋末年出版《孫子兵法》，是因為當時以「陰陽」、「五行」為代表的古代體系理論已經成熟、完整；克勞塞維茨寫《論戰爭》，是因為牛頓的力學和黑格爾的辯證法為他提供了研究戰爭的武器；毛澤東軍事思想是毛澤東同志運用馬克思主義哲學方法研究中國革命戰爭實踐的成果。

科技革命促進了社會生產力和軍事戰鬥力的提高，也促進了哲學思想的發展。

19世紀的「三大發現」（進化論、細胞學、能量守恆與轉化）導致了德國古典哲學的終結和馬克思主義哲學的出現。

20世紀，相對論、量子力學與生命科​​學的出現，資訊科技、生物科技、奈米科技、新材料科技、網路科技的發展，已經並將持續改變世界面貌。 1960、70年代，伴隨著新科技革命浪潮，科學方法革命達到了前所未有的高度，呈現出自然科學研究方法、方法、模型和理念向社會科學領域滲透、融合的趨勢。新的科學方法論相繼出現：系統論、控制論、協同論、突變論、資訊理論、離散論、泛函論、智能論、最優化論、反應論、模糊論、藝術論，以及「混沌論」。 」和「分形」。從哲學的角度來看，這些跨學科學科所提出的方法可以歸納為系統方法和複雜系統方法。

1958年，美軍實行軍政軍指揮分離後，並沒有很快恢復活力。五角大廈的資源管理一片混亂，仍處於岌岌可危的境地。 1960年，麥科納馬拉接管國防部。針對三軍獨立使用國防資源的混亂局面，他於1962年提出「集中指導與分散實施相結合」的管理原則，採用系統工程方法，統籌規劃國家國防資源。規劃和預算系統（PPBS）”，理順了美軍建設的關係，節省了資源。

1986年，美軍實施了《國防部改革法案》，將國防部和參謀長聯席會議的權力集中起來，建立了一套集權與授權相統一的新法規。這保證了聯合作戰的順利實施，為今後一體化聯合作戰奠定了基礎。

21世紀初，拉姆斯菲爾德擔任國防部長時，根據新軍事革命的發展，美軍改變了PPBS系統基於目標任務的管理習慣，提出了基於能力需求的PPBE系統，即「規劃、規劃、預算和執行系統」。

PPBS體系和PPBE體係都是系統科學方法在國防管理的典型應用。從方法論來看，這些體系的特點是：從未來掌握現實，根據任務任務確定能力，根據能力需求驅動技術創新和選擇作戰編隊。簡而言之，“上游”決定“下游”，“頂部”決定“底部”，“前端”決定“後端”。

系統論和複雜性方法的想法已經深入人心應用於美軍轉型。他們認為，以往的軍事理論，即克勞塞維茨、約米尼等著名學者的理論，都是以牛頓力學為基礎的。在今天的作戰中，必須把敵方的軍事組織和作戰行動視為一個系統。這樣，就只能用牛頓方法根本無法做到的複雜性理論來描述、預測和選擇相應的對抗動作。例如，克勞塞維茨在《戰爭論》中經常使用的「摩擦」概念就源自於牛頓力學。可以說是物理戰爭的概念，反映了前工業時代戰爭的特徵。無論當時的軍隊組織得多麼嚴密，都不可避免地要面臨衝擊和滯後、邊疆對峙和對抗。因此，克勞塞維茨以牛頓力學為主要方法來認識、研究和指導戰爭。當今資訊化戰爭，戰爭目的已從「消滅敵人、保存自己」轉變為「制敵、實現利益」。因此，對抗方式的一個重大變化就是從大規模破壞，轉向增加敵方組織內部的「熵值」和增加己方組織內部的「負熵值」（「熵」是對組織內部混亂的描述）。 ）。軍隊越是資訊化、一體化和複雜化，它就越容易受到攻擊。現代軍事建設的一個重要原則就是盡量減少自身瓦解和崩潰的脆弱性；戰爭指導的一個重要原則是積極創造和利用敵人內部的弱點。

今天，評價一個軍事系統，不僅要看它所擁有的物質、能量和資訊的多少，還要看它的抗破壞能力、穩定性以及可能存在的「熵值」。

（三）

資訊化、網路化突破了傳統的空間界限和時間障礙。虛擬技術的「預實踐」創造了新的軍事文化。

複雜系統科學在引發哲學方法論革命的同時，與多媒體技術、虛擬實境技術、人工智慧技術、高效能運算技術、模擬技術結合，也引發了哲學知識論的革命——在知識論上發生了一些變化。人類理解世界的方式。

一是對世界統一的認識更加豐富。過去，我們在談論世界的統一性時，只強調「物質的首要性」。從今天的角度來看，世界的統一包含三個基本要素，即物質、能量、資訊的統一。在人造技術系統中，它是物質、能量和資訊的統一體；在社會經濟系統中，它是物質流、能量流、資訊流的統一。將這三方面的統一抽像到哲學層面，豐富多彩地體現了「物質、運動、資訊的統一」。

其次，認知過程從過去的「部分-整體-部分」轉變為今天的「整體-部分-整體」。與此相聯繫，研究方法也從過去的「分析-綜合-分析」轉變為今天的「綜合-分析-綜合」。

資訊化、網路化突破了傳統的空間界限和時間障礙。人們觀察問題的焦點從“以物件為中心”轉向“以系統為中心”，認識論的關鍵不再是“具體分析”而是“系統整合”。

這種新的哲學認識論標誌著科學思維結構的重大變化。科學研究從過去的分析優勢轉向今天的整體綜合優勢；過去主要研究「存在」的靜態認知已經轉向今天主要研究系統的動態認知。

實踐的意義不再侷限於歷史和現實的框架，也包括未來。海灣戰爭後，已開發國家確立了“提出理論——實戰實驗——實戰演練——實戰檢驗”的創新思路，加緊建立“實戰實驗室”，軍事理論研究方法取得新突破。

《虛擬知識論》一書作者張毅等學者指出：「虛擬技術深刻改變了人類感知世界的方式，創造了人類全新的實踐方式。虛擬技術不僅僅是一種理解和解釋世界的方式，它本身就是人類實踐的一種方式。

虛擬技術的「預實踐」創造了新的軍事文化。由此，軍隊建設從過去的“同時性”發展到今天的“同步性”「同步」開發是指完成今天，然後走向明天。嵌入性，將世界上正在發生和將要發生的戰爭場景，以及腦海中預先設計的戰爭場景，創建到虛擬環境中，以測試和修正不同階段應有的軍事能力。

與自然科學相比，軍事科學在分析推理和定量分析方面相對較弱。總結已經發生的戰爭經驗，“從戰爭中學習戰爭”，一直是軍人創造理論的傳統方式。隨著資訊科技的發展，建模/模擬和電腦網路為人們提供了認識世界的第三種重要方法，推動軍事實踐從「經驗歸納」向「虛擬模擬」、「在實驗室學習戰爭」拓展「從未來戰爭中學習戰爭”，大大提高了士兵的高級認​​知能力。

總之，面對新一輪軍事革命浪潮，推進我軍改革，需要建立新理念，創新軍事理論，讓軍事創新之光照亮未來之路。

中國原創軍事資源：http://theory.people.com.cn/n1/2016/0112/c49150-28040888.html

#新興戰爭技術, China Cyber Dilemma in the 21st Century, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Command information Systems, Dissipative Warfare, 中华人民共和国网络安全法, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰

Chinese Military Guidelines for Analyzing Fundamental Mechanism of Winning Wars

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中國軍事勝利基本機制分析指導方針

來源：解放軍報 作者：張佔軍 責任編輯：喬楠楠 2018-07-24 

英文翻譯：

There are universal and special mechanisms for winning wars. Special winning mechanisms are conditional, while universal and fundamental winning mechanisms are relatively stable. Anyone and any era’s war guidance that violates these mechanisms will lose the war. Revealing the fundamental winning mechanism of wars can not only help us more deeply understand the scientific correctness of classical war theories and enhance theoretical confidence in war guidance, but also help us continuously innovate war and combat guidance that adapts to the conditions of the times according to changes in the war environment and conditions, and firmly grasp the strategic initiative.

To understand, prepare for, and direct war, the first thing is to uncover the fundamental mechanism of victory

Studying the fundamental mechanisms for winning wars is the logical starting point for understanding wars and the fundamental basis for preparing for and waging wars.

Studying the fundamental mechanism of winning a war is to reveal the necessary and sufficient conditions for winning. In essence, the mechanism of winning is the reason and condition for winning a war. Studying the fundamental mechanism of winning a war is to answer the fundamental question of “when and only when what conditions are met can we win a war”, aiming to make us realize that if this condition is met, we will definitely win, if this condition is not met, we will definitely fail; if we win, it must be because we have this fundamental condition. Philosophically speaking, this condition definitely exists, but it is just a matter of whether we can recognize it and reveal it. Otherwise, there will be no way to know the laws of winning so many battles in history.

“Winning with immediate advantage” is the fundamental winning mechanism of war. The advantage in immediate advantage is not a simple comparison of resources, but the comprehensive ability and favorable situation to defeat the enemy at the moment of exerting force on the enemy and in the confrontation at the decisive point of the war. “Winning with immediate advantage” means that with immediate advantage, victory will be achieved at the moment of confrontation with the enemy at the decisive point. If this advantage is maintained for only one moment, then this round can be won; if this advantage can be maintained at every moment and every round of confrontation, then the war will inevitably be won. The author believes that the winning mechanism of “winning with immediate advantage” is the “law behind the law” and the fundamental basis for war guidance, and it is also the fundamental winning mechanism of war and combat.

“Instant superiority wins” is the fundamental basis of the classical war guidance theory. All the classical war guidance theories are based on the mechanism of “instant superiority wins”. From the first Chinese civil war to the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, Mao Zedong always adhered to the guidance of using superior forces and favorable weather, terrain and people to launch a devastating attack on the enemy’s one point, and achieved victory, which proved that “instant superiority wins” is the fundamental law for achieving victory. In history, Sun Tzu’s ideas of “attacking the enemy when they are least prepared and taking them by surprise” and “attacking where they are least prepared”; the Thirty-Six Stratagems of “Deceiving the Heavens and Crossing the Sea”, “Besieging Wei to Save Zhao”, “Taking Advantage of the Troubled Times”, “Taking Advantage of the Fire to Loot”, “Attack the East and West by Making a Feint” and other strategies; Napoleon’s idea that “the secret of military art is to make your own military force surpass the enemy at the necessary place and time”; the “blitzkrieg” used by the German army in World War II etc., all focus on gathering immediate advantages and suddenly defeating the opponent when the opponent has no precautions; the U.S. military proposed the “air-ground integrated battle” 30 years ago, and in recent years proposed the “air-sea integrated battle”, which was later renamed the “global commons access and mobility” concept. In 2016, the U.S. Army proposed the “multi-domain battle”, which, in essence, is also through the operation of factors such as force and space to form immediate advantages over the opponent.

Understand and grasp the rich connotation of “instant advantage wins”

Regarding the mechanism of winning by immediate advantage, we can summarize its connotation into the following main aspects.

Immediate advantage is the unity of object, time and resources. Immediate advantage wins, including the three elements of object, instant and advantage. Object refers to the selected decision point, which may be a physical target with certain resistance of the opponent, or a unit with certain capabilities; instant refers to the moment of exerting force on the enemy in the war; advantage refers to the comprehensive capabilities and postures composed of various available war resources and elements (including spatial elements) that are superior to the opponent (object), and is the product of objective conditions and subjective efforts. Whether or not there is an immediate advantage is not necessarily related to the overall military strength of the army. When the overall military strength does not have an advantage, it can also win by gathering an advantage over the enemy at the moment of confrontation at the decisive point. Time advantage is an important decisive factor. Mastering time advantage means that the opponent will be suddenly attacked in the “gap” when he is not fully prepared. However, on the battlefield, the unity of target, time and advantage must be achieved. If we only emphasize the speed of time, but it is not good, then speed is meaningless; if we only emphasize the quality of resources, but it is not timely, then it will not play a role at the moment of confrontation, and the actual ability is equal to zero. This is the reason why many powerful armies in history were defeated.

Immediate advantage is the system advantage at the moment of confrontation. In wars of different eras, immediate advantage has different manifestations. Modern warfare is a confrontation between systems. The elements in the system are divided into primary and secondary. The dominant factors of the system are naturally important to the system advantage, but the secondary factors will also eliminate and destroy the immediate advantage, and then turn victory into defeat. Strength advantage is the basis of immediate advantage, but it is only one of the many conditions for the formation of immediate advantage. In modern warfare, the more complex the technology and force structure, the stronger the complementarity of different resources and the variability of the structure, and the more complex the mechanism for forming immediate advantage. For example, in an integrated joint operation based on a network information system, if the traditionally unappreciated network backend operation and maintenance personnel cannot keep the system running normally, the advantages of this system may be greatly eliminated.

Immediate advantage is the unity of static and dynamic. The process of winning wars and operations is a process of constantly gathering and exerting immediate advantages at decisive points, gradually consuming the enemy, and expanding immediate advantages. Once it is impossible to form an advantage at a decisive point at a certain moment, this moment will become a turning point in the operational process. This is the inherent principle of emphasizing the ability to fight in one go and continuous operations. During the Korean War, our military’s support could only support about 7 days of continuous operations. At this turning point, we took the initiative to withdraw our troops and switch to defense because if we continued to fight, we would not have immediate advantages.

Real-time advantage only exists in a certain time window. On the battlefield, enemies and friends are opponents, fighting for life and death, and real-time advantage only exists in a certain period of time. In modern warfare, information transmission has reached the millisecond level, and the detection-judgment-decision-strike process is measured in seconds. The responsiveness of many long-range strike means no longer needs to take into account the platform’s spatial movement time. In particular, with the advancement of the intelligentization of combat systems, the time window for maintaining advantage will become shorter, which puts forward new requirements for gathering and exerting the effectiveness of real-time advantage.

Continuously optimize war and combat guidance based on the “instant advantage wins” mechanism

The winning mechanism is the “law behind” combat guidance and combat methods. We should continuously optimize war and combat guidance based on the mechanism of “winning by immediate advantage.”

Strive to seek distinctive advantages. Distinctive advantages are the special advantages of an army. For our army, it means that we must always seek distinctive advantages such as what the enemy does not have and what we are strong and the enemy is weak. We insist on you fight yours and I fight mine, implement asymmetric warfare, and strive to find the moment when the enemy is weakest, and give full play to our advantages to form our immediate advantages. In the future, we need to continue to give full play to our political advantages, and at the same time, we should gather and cultivate new distinctive advantages from the new system, new system, and new equipment. We must firmly believe that the side with weaker weapons and equipment always has the possibility of winning locally and gradually achieving overall victory. Based on this possibility, we should strive to design and guide operations around whether it is conducive to creating superior fighters and whether we can defeat the enemy before the fighters disappear.

We are committed to gathering the power of the system to form an immediate advantage. The information age is a system war, and what matters is the system capability. It is necessary to study how a single factor can win, but in actual combat, the real way to win is the comprehensive application of all factors. The concept of “multi-domain warfare” proposed by the US military in recent years is centered on the ability to form a multi-domain fusion and release energy at a decisive point. If we cannot gather the power of the system to form an immediate advantage, we will have to respond to the enemy with the shortcomings of the system, and defeat will naturally be inherent in it.

Form an immediate advantage around the enemy. Adapting to the enemy is an important manifestation of the art of war command. The key is not to change, but to constantly create new immediate advantages in the change. This needs to be achieved through correct command and scientific tactics. Future wars are increasingly showing an intelligent trend, but in essence, they are still about measuring the enemy’s strength and taking measures according to the enemy’s situation. It’s just that the pace of this change is faster and the situation is more confusing. If the speed of gathering capabilities cannot keep up with the changes in the battlefield situation, it is impossible to achieve “instant” by adapting to the enemy. It can be said that, under certain conditions of combat resources, the entire connotation of the art of command is to create and find the enemy’s weaknesses, and to plan and create immediate advantages over the enemy. This is the soul of war command and tactics.

Weakening the opponent’s advantage is an important way to form and maintain immediate advantage. Immediate advantage is compared with the opponent. In terms of resource comparison, this advantage can be obtained by aggregating one’s own advantages and weakening the enemy’s advantages, from technology to tactics, from strategy to battles and battles. Technically weakening the opponent is the most fundamental weakening; in terms of strategy and tactics, through deception, containment, and disruption at non-decisive points, dispersing and weakening the opponent to influence the opponent’s advantage concentration at the decisive point is an important way to transform the advantage and disadvantage comparison at the decisive point and win the victory.

Firmly grasp the principles of reconnaissance, concealment, initiative, offense, and quick decision. Reconnaissance, concealment, initiative, offense, and quick decision are ancient principles, but they have new connotations and new requirements in modern warfare. Fighting a battle for immediate advantage is even more indispensable. Accurately grasping the enemy’s ability and situation at the “predetermined strike point” is a prerequisite for forming an immediate advantage; in order to maintain an immediate advantage for a longer period of time, it is necessary to delay the time of being discovered by the enemy as much as possible by concealing intentions and actions; although we have an advantage in strength and deployment, once the enemy makes the first move, our immediate advantage may be eliminated. The US military even asserts that “whoever launches first will be saturated and hit first.” “You can win if you strike first, and whether you can effectively conceal yourself”; facing a strong enemy, simple defense becomes increasingly difficult. Whether it is a big war or a small war, offense can maximize the effectiveness of advantages and is the best defense; the battlefield situation changes very quickly, and the time window for immediate advantage is short. A quick battle and a quick decision may be the best choice to make full use of this time window.

Design and prepare for war with the core of “fighting a war for immediate advantage”

The key to judging whether an army has the combat capability to defeat the enemy is whether it can gain an immediate advantage over the enemy at the moment of exerting its strength in the confrontation with the enemy. The development of new operational concepts, design and preparation for future wars all require a firm grasp of the core of “fighting a war of immediate advantage.”

Design wars around the core concept of “fighting a war of immediate advantage”. In the future, if our army wants to defeat opponents with strong overall strength, it should always focus on forming and using the key of immediate advantage. Instead of confronting the enemy in all dimensions, it should seize the enemy’s most critical pain points and decision points, aggregate multi-dimensional capabilities at a moment and concentrate its efforts, and accordingly plan tactics to defeat the enemy with immediate advantage. The top priority is to design the decision points for striking and the methods and ways to gather immediate advantages. At all levels of strategy, campaign, tactics and even individual combat, operational guidance and tactics should be designed according to this idea, and this should be used as the fundamental test standard.

Military capabilities should be built based on whether or not they can form an immediate advantage. We should focus on the core concept of “fighting a war of immediate advantage” and systematically design strategic capabilities, weapons and equipment, force structure, combat methods and specific tactics, as well as everything needed for combat, in accordance with the idea of ​​using our capabilities to defeat the enemy’s inability at the decisive moment of the war. We should pay special attention to the prominent role of new technologies and new means in forming an immediate advantage, and continue to inject contemporary vitality and scientific and technological determination into forming an immediate advantage and fighting a war of immediate advantage.

(Author’s unit: Institute of War Studies, Academy of Military Science)

國語中文翻譯：

戰爭制勝機理有普遍與特殊之分。特殊制勝機理是有條件的，而帶普遍性、根本性的製勝機理則是相對穩定的，任何人、任何時代的戰爭指導違背了這些機理就要打敗仗。揭示戰爭根本製勝機理，不僅可以更深刻地認識經典戰爭理論的科學性正確性，增強戰爭指導的理論自信，還可根據戰爭環境與條件的變化，不斷創新適應時代條件的戰爭與作戰指導，牢牢掌握戰略主動權。

認識、準備和指導戰爭，首要的是揭示根本製勝機理

研究戰爭根本製勝機理，是認識戰爭的邏輯起點，是準備和實施戰爭的根本依據。

研究戰爭根本製勝機理，就是揭示制勝的充分必要條件。本質上講，制勝機理是打勝仗的原因和條件。研究戰爭根本製勝機理，就是要對「當且僅當具備怎樣的條件才能打勝仗」這個根本性問題作出回答，旨在使我們認識到：如果有了這個條件，必然能夠取勝，如果沒有這個條件，則必然失敗；如果是勝利了，一定是因為具備這個根本條件。從哲學上講，這個條件肯定存在，只是能不能去認識它、揭示它，否則，歷史上那麼多打勝仗的規律就無以認知。

「即時優勢制勝」是戰爭的根本製勝機理。即時優勢中的優勢，不是簡單的資源對比，而是在向敵方發力的那一時刻，在戰爭決定點的對抗上，具有能戰勝對方的綜合能力和有利態勢。 「即時優勢制勝」是指，有了即時優勢，在決定點與敵對抗的那一時刻就一定能勝利。如果只有一個時刻保持這種優勢，則這一個回合能取勝；如果每一個時刻、每一個對抗回合都能保持這種優勢，則戰爭必然勝利。筆者認為，「即時優勢制勝」這個制勝機理，就是「規律背後的規律」和戰爭指導的根本依據，也是戰爭和作戰的根本製勝機理。

「即時優勢制勝」是經典戰爭指導理論的根本依據。統攬經典的戰爭指導理論，都是基於「即時優勢制勝」這個機理提出的。從中國第一次國內革命戰爭，到抗日戰爭、解放戰爭，毛澤東始終扭住利用優勢兵力和天時、地利、人和，對敵之一點實施殲滅性打擊這個指導，都取得了勝利，雄辯證明了「即時優勢制勝」是取得勝利的根本規律。歷史上，孫子提出的「攻其無備，出其不意」「由不虞之道，攻其所不戒」的思想，三十六計中的瞞天過海、圍魏救趙、以逸待勞、趁火打劫、聲東擊西等戰計，拿破侖關於「軍事藝術的秘密在於，在必要的地方和必要的時間，使自己的軍力超過敵人」的思想，二戰時德軍運用過的「閃擊戰」等，著眼點都是在對手沒有建立防範的時刻集聚即時優勢突然擊敗對手；美軍30年前提出“空地一體戰”，近年來又提出“空海一體戰”，之後又更名為“全球公域進入與機動”概念，2016年美陸軍提出“多域戰”，究其本質，也都是透過力量和空間等要素的運籌，形成對對手的即時優勢。

認識並掌握「即時優勢制勝」的豐富內涵

對即時優勢制勝這一機理，我們可以將其內涵歸結為以下主要面向。

即時優勢是對象、時間、資源的統一。即時優勢制勝，包括物件、即時、優勢三要素。對象，即選定的決定點，這個決定點可能是對方具有一定抗擊力的物理目標，或是具有一定能力的部隊；即時，是戰爭中向敵發力的那一時刻；優勢，是由各種可用的戰爭資源、要素（包括空間要素）所構成的綜合能力和態勢優於對手（對象），是客觀條件與主觀努力的產物。是否具有即時優勢，與軍隊整體軍力優劣不是必然關系，軍力整體不佔優勢時，在決定點對抗的時刻凝聚起對敵優勢，同樣能取勝。時間優勢是重要的決定因素，掌握了時間優勢，意味著對手在沒有充分準備的「空檔」中突然遭到打擊。但在戰場上，必須實現對象、即時、優勢的統一。只強調時間之快，若快而不優，快速則無意義；只強調資源之優，若優不逢時，在對抗那一時刻發揮不了作用，實際能力等於零。這就是歷史上許多強勢之軍吃敗仗的原因。

即時優勢是對抗發力時刻的體系優勢。不同時代的戰爭，即時優勢有不同體現。現代戰爭是體係與體系的對抗，體系中的要素有主次之分，體系的主導因素對體系優勢自然重要，但次要因素也會消解和破壞即時優勢，進而使勝勢淪為敗勢。力量優勢是即時優勢的基礎，但它只是形成即時優勢多個條件中的一個。在現代戰爭中，技術和力量結構越復雜，不同資源的互補性和結構的可變性就越強，形成即時優勢的機制就越復雜。例如，在基於網絡資訊體系的一體化聯合作戰中，傳統上並不受重視的網絡後台運維人員如果不能保持系統正常運行，這個體系優勢就可能被極大消解。

即時優勢是靜態與動態的統一。戰爭和作戰制勝過程，是一個不斷在決定點聚集和發揮即時優勢、逐步消耗敵人、擴大即時優勢的過程。一旦某一時刻無法形成決定點上的優勢，這個時刻將成為作戰進程的轉折點，這就是強調一鼓作氣和連續作戰能力的內在原理。在朝鮮戰爭中，我軍的保障只能支持7天左右的連續作戰，到了這個轉​​折點，我們主動收兵轉入防禦，原因是再繼續作戰，我們將不會有即時優勢。

即時優勢只存在於一定時間窗口。戰場上，敵我互為對手、生死相爭，即時優勢只會存在於一定的時段。現代戰爭，訊息傳輸已達毫秒級，偵察—判斷—決策—打擊流程時以秒計，許多遠程打擊手段的反應力已經不需要再計入平台空間移動的時間，特別是隨著作戰體系智能化的推進，保持優勢的時間窗口會變得更短，這對聚集和發揮即時優勢效力提出了新要求。

基於「即時優勢制勝」機理不斷優化戰爭與作戰指導

制勝機理是作戰指導和作戰方法“背後的規律”，我們應依據“即時優勢制勝”的機理不斷優化戰爭和作戰指導。

努力謀求特色優勢。特色優勢即一支軍隊的特殊優長。對我軍來說，就是要在任何時候都謀求我有敵無、我強敵弱等特色優長，堅持你打你的、我打我的，實施不對稱作戰，致力尋找敵最薄弱的那個時刻，發揮我之優長形成我們的即時優勢。未來，我們需要繼續發揮我們的政治優勢，同時應從新體制、新體系、新裝備中凝聚和培育新的特色優勢。要堅信武器裝備弱的一方始終擁有局部取勝而逐步實現全局勝利的可能性，基於這種可能性，應致力圍繞是否能有利於營造優勢戰機、是否能在戰機消失前戰勝敵人設計與指導作戰。

致力凝聚體系力量形成即時優勢。資訊時代是體係作戰，拼的是體系能力。研究單一要素如何制勝固然必要，但實戰中，真正的製勝之道是諸要素的綜合運用。美軍近年提出的「多域戰」概念，核心在於在一個決定點形成多域融合聚能釋放的能力。不能聚體系之力形成即時優勢，就不得不以體系短板應敵，敗戰自然寓於其中。

圍繞形成即時優勢因敵而變。因敵而變是戰爭指導藝術的重要體現，其中的根本不在於變，而是在變化中不斷塑造新的即時優勢，這需要通過正確的指揮和科學的戰法來實現。未來戰爭越來越呈現智慧化趨勢，但本質上依然是量敵用力、因敵施法，只是這種變化節奏更快、態勢更加撲朔迷離，如果集聚能力的速度跟不上戰場形勢的變化，因敵而變就不可能達到「即時」。可以說，在作戰資源一定的情況下，指揮藝術的全部內涵，就是製造和尋找敵人的軟肋，運籌和營造對敵的即時優勢，這是戰爭指導和戰法的靈魂。

削弱對手優勢是形成和維持即時優勢的重要途徑。即時優勢是與對手比較而言的。在資源對比上，這種優勢可以透過聚集己方優勢和削弱敵方優勢兩個途徑獲得，從技術到戰術、從戰略到戰役戰鬥各層面展開。在技​​術上削弱對手是最具根本性的削弱；在戰略戰術上，通過在非決定點的欺騙、牽制、擾亂，分散削弱對手，以影響對方在決定點上的優勢聚集，則是轉化在決定點上的優劣對比、贏得勝勢的重要途徑。

堅定把握偵察、隱蔽、先機、攻勢和速決原則。偵察、隱蔽、先機、攻勢、速決，是古老原則，但現代作戰有新內涵、新要求，打即時優勢之戰，更具不可或缺性。準確掌握「預定打擊點」之敵的能力態勢，是形成即時優勢的前提；為保持更長時間的即時優勢，需要通過隱蔽意圖和行動，盡可能推遲被敵發現的時間；力量、部署雖然佔優，而一旦敵方首先發力，我之即時優勢將可能被消解，美軍甚至斷言，「誰先發動飽和打擊誰就能夠獲得勝利，能否率先打擊取決於是否能有效隱蔽自己」；面對強敵，單純防守越來越困難，無論大戰、小戰，攻勢才能最大限度發揮優勢效力，才是最好的防禦；戰場態勢變化極快，即時優勢的時間窗口短暫，速戰速決可能是充分利用這一時間視窗的最佳選擇。

以「打即時優勢之戰」為核心設計與準備戰​​爭

看一支軍隊是否具有克敵制勝的戰鬥力，核心是看這支軍隊能不能在與敵對抗的發力時刻，先敵形成即時優勢。開發新的作戰概念、設計和準備未來戰爭，都需要緊緊把握住「打即時優勢之戰」這個核心。

圍繞「打即時優勢之戰」這個核心概念設計戰爭。未來一個時期，我軍要戰勝整體實力強大的對手，應當始終著眼形成和運用即時優勢這個關鍵，不與敵全維全面對陣，而是抓住敵最要害的痛點和決定點，在一個時刻聚合多維能力集中發力，照此運籌以即時優勢敗敵的戰法。其中的重中之重，是設計好打擊的決定點和聚集即時優勢的方法途徑。在戰略、戰役、戰術甚至單兵作戰各層次，都應依此思想設計作戰指導與戰法，並以此作為根本的檢驗標準。

以是否能形成即時優勢為標準建設軍事能力。應圍繞「打即時優勢之戰」這個核心概念，按照在戰爭的決定點上打擊敵人的那一時刻以我之能擊敵之不能的思路，系統設計戰略能力、武器裝備、力量結構、作戰方式和具體戰法，以及作戰所需的一切。特別應關注新技術新手段在形成即時優勢中的突出作用，持續為形成即時優勢、打即時優勢之戰注入時代活力和科技定力。

（作者單位：軍事科學院戰爭研究院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4820888.html?

Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cyberspace Adminstration of China 中央網絡安全和信息勇, Intelligent Warfare, National Defense and Military Modernization, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍隊, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用

Guided by Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening China’s Military, People’s Liberation Army Strives to Create New Realm of War Research

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以習近平強軍思想為指導，解放軍努力開創戰爭研究新境界

軍事科學學院戰爭研究所

2017-11-02 10:48 資料來源：解放軍報

現代英語：

● If soldiers do not plan for war, the country will be in danger; if the army does not study war, chaos will occur. Always preparing for war, firmly establishing combat effectiveness as the only fundamental standard, and focusing on studying military affairs, studying war, and studying how to fight are necessary to achieve the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era and building a world-class military in an all-round way.

● Creating a new realm of war research is a concrete manifestation of the military’s main responsibility and mission. The accelerated evolution of war forms and the severe challenges to international and regional security urgently require the military to carry out practical research on war topics and lay a solid foundation for victory.

● The key to creating a new realm of war research is to seek breakthroughs in war research innovation. This requires focusing on system design, adhering to problem orientation, keeping a close eye on combat opponents, focusing on independent innovation, and striving to solve the theoretical confusion and practical problems faced by future wars.

● To create a new realm in war research, we must find the right foothold, grasp the direction, focus on the major needs of strengthening the military and winning wars, and innovate in the face of actual combat, battlefields, and troops.

The 19th CPC National Congress clearly emphasized the establishment of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military as a guide in national defense and military construction. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military provides a fundamental guideline and action guide for achieving the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era and building a world-class military in an all-round way. Entering the new era, we must take the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics, build a modern combat system with Chinese characteristics, and undertake the mission and tasks of the new era entrusted by the Party and the people. We must take Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military as a guide and strive to create a new realm of war research.

Facing realistic challenges and strengthening the core functions of research and development to win the war

Creating a new realm of war research is a concrete manifestation of the military’s main responsibility and mission. The accelerated evolution of war forms and the severe challenges to international and regional security urgently require the military to carry out practical research on war topics and lay a solid foundation for victory.

A realistic issue for responding to security challenges. The world is undergoing new, complex and profound changes. The international security situation is generally stable, but hegemonism and power politics still exist. Strategic competition and rights and interests among major powers are becoming increasingly fierce. There are many risk variables in the geopolitical security environment. Hotspots such as international counter-terrorism, arms race, nuclear proliferation, territorial disputes, and ideological confrontation are complex and changeable, and uncertainty, linkage, and comprehensiveness are prominent. With the rapid rise of China, Western powers are stepping up their efforts to contain and divide China, and some neighboring countries are deliberately provoking land and sea disputes. Overseas security risks are concentrated, and security threats in new areas are constantly emerging. Various predictable and unpredictable security crises and war risks are increasing. Maintaining national unity, territorial integrity, development interests, and political and social security faces new challenges. To respond to security challenges, we must control the security situation in real time, accurately assess war risks, and thoroughly understand potential opponents, so as to provide reliable and advanced preparations for responding to crises and winning wars.

Adapt to the urgent call for the in-depth development of the new military revolution. At present, the impact of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution on the world military revolution continues to expand, the arms competition in the Asia-Pacific region has intensified, and the competition for strategic initiative has become more intense. Major countries in the world are actively adjusting their national security strategies and military strategies, reshaping their military power systems, and seizing strategic commanding heights. Intelligent warfare is accelerating from theoretical foresight to actual combat forms. The strong trend of the development of the new military revolution requires us to pay close attention to new trends in war, explore new concepts in war, study new methods of war, and develop new means to maintain peace and win wars. Only in this way can we stand at the forefront of the new world military revolution and always maintain strategic capabilities that are compatible with the status of a major power.

The inherent requirement for realizing the modernization of military theory. A first-class army must have a first-class war theory. In recent years, the U.S. military has successively proposed “network-centric warfare”, “air-sea integrated warfare”, “third offset strategy” and “hybrid warfare”, and the Russian military has proposed “non-nuclear containment strategy”, “strategic air-space battle”, “national information security doctrine” and “ocean doctrine” and other theories, reflecting the strategic design of the world’s military powers to seize the military commanding heights. To realize the modernization of military theory, our army must establish a sense of transcendence and leadership in war research. However, the reality is that the current war research still has problems of being out of touch with the troops, the opponents, and the battlefield to varying degrees; in addition, our army has not fought for decades, and has little or no deep understanding of the form and style of informationized warfare, and the problem of “two insufficient capabilities” is still prominent. Standing at a new historical starting point for national defense and military construction, facing the profound changes in the national security environment and the requirements of the times for a strong country and a strong army, the army must establish a sense of urgency in researching and winning wars.

Grasp the key points and solve the theoretical confusion and practical problems faced by future wars

The key to creating a new realm of war research is to seek breakthroughs in war research innovation. This requires focusing on system design, adhering to problem orientation, keeping a close eye on combat opponents, focusing on independent innovation, and striving to solve the theoretical confusion and practical problems faced by future wars.

Analyze the trend of war in the unprecedented great changes. Understanding and grasping the motivations, types and timing of future wars is the primary issue in war research. To do this, we need to see through the chaotic world, track the trends of hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism, keep a close eye on the complex situation of regional conflicts and surrounding hot issues, pay attention to hidden dangers such as national security, new field security, and nuclear security, be vigilant against various forces seeking change and profit in chaos, and the struggle for the redistribution of power and interests among major powers, conduct in-depth research on factors that target my country or may drag my country into local wars and armed conflicts, study the possible military frictions, armed conflicts and even strategic accidents under the conditions of the new era, and the wars of different scales caused by them, and be prepared for military struggles in response to various complex situations.

Study the use of war under the goal of national rejuvenation. A deep understanding and grasp of the relationship between war and national development goals is a political requirement for war research. War has always been a continuation of politics and a means to achieve national political goals. To achieve the goal of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, war research must grasp the master-slave relationship between politics and the military and study the impact and constraints of politics on war. The impact and constraints of politics on war should be taken as an important topic. Under the goal of achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we should not only study the tactics and means of winning wars, but also study the countermeasures and strategies for shaping the situation, managing crises, and containing wars. On major issues such as whether to fight or not, when to fight, how to fight, and to what extent, we should come up with strategic planning that meets political requirements to ensure that there are no strategic mistakes in war decisions and the use of means, and give full play to the bottom line of military means to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

Grasp the laws of war in the general trend of war evolution. Understanding the characteristics, laws and winning mechanisms of modern war is the cognitive foundation of war research. Entering the new era, war research is required to keep up with the historical process of the rapid advancement of war forms towards systematization and intelligence, coordinate military struggles in traditional security fields and new security fields, and push the research of war laws to a new level. In-depth research on new changes in the general winning mechanism of war, in view of the new characteristics of modern war such as the integration of multi-dimensional battlefield space, the continuous appreciation of time elements, the implementation of precision operations with elite forces, and the increasingly flattened combat command, explore the methods and paths that reflect the requirements of information dominance, precision attack, joint victory, and system combat, and make new breakthroughs in planning wars according to reason and fighting in accordance with regulations. In-depth research on new manifestations of special winning mechanisms for fulfilling missions and tasks, combine the general winning mechanisms of war with the special conditions for our army to fulfill its missions and tasks, explore special winning mechanisms around different wars and combat objectives, and find the right countermeasures and strategies for planning and winning wars.

Deepen war guidance under the premise of independent operations. Studying methods and approaches to win wars is a key task of war research. The highest realm of the art of war guidance is that you fight yours and I fight mine. We must strive to innovate military strategic theory, study the needs of strategic goals for military strategic capabilities, improve military strategy in major security areas, theater strategy, service and armed police force development strategy, and explore new ideas and measures to ensure the security of national interests; strive to innovate joint operations theory, study operational concepts, operational guidance and operational methods, innovate operational command and operational support, and explore the formation of “using what can be done to defeat what cannot be done” in the context of integrated joint operations. Strategies and countermeasures, build a joint operations theory system that adapts to information warfare. On this basis, we must also strive to innovate operational needs, wartime political work and logistics equipment support theories, explore countermeasures in tracking, and boldly “learn from the strengths of foreign countries” in comparison.

Expand the means of warfare at the commanding heights of the science and technology game. Transforming the most advanced science and technology of mankind into means of warfare is the eternal task of war research. Science and technology are the primary productive forces and the core combat power. Modern warfare has actually become a strategic game of military science and technology. This requires us to attach great importance to the study of the war effectiveness of new technologies, lead the development of military technology with advanced concepts, and maintain the contemporary vitality and scientific and technological determination of war theory; attach great importance to the extension of war theory research to equipment realization, so that war concepts, combat concepts, combat guidance and combat methods can be transformed into equipment requirements, and maintain the leading edge of the combat system; attach great importance to the impact of new equipment on war forms and combat methods, and comprehensively deepen the research on the use of new combat means and combat forces; attach great importance to the study of combat styles based on the latest scientific and technological means, and explore the guidance and tactics of various combat forms and styles; attach great importance to combat experiments based on modern simulation and effectiveness test technologies, explore innovative paths to support theoretical concepts with scientific experiments, and provide strong scientific and technological support for innovative theories.

Adhere to three aspects and create a new situation in war research

To create a new realm in war research, we must find the right foothold, grasp the direction, focus on the major needs of strengthening the military and winning wars, and innovate in actual combat, on the battlefield, and in the troops.

Make the first move in war design. War design occupies a core position in war research and plays a global and long-term leading role in all aspects of national defense and military construction. In the grand chess game of world military competition, in order to seek the initiative in future wars, we must foresee wars as early as possible, design wars scientifically, focus on achieving the transformation from following and running side by side to leading, and strive to become the visionary and game rule maker of future wars. We must grasp the future cutting-edge trends of scientific and technological innovation, find the fulcrum for leveraging the scientific and technological revolution, gain insight into the key areas, key directions, and key technologies that can trigger changes in the form of war, and grasp the source of science and technology and the direction of development of war; vigorously strengthen the development of core war concepts, and formulate systematic operational concepts in layers and directions for possible war actions, and use systematic war design results to guide military struggle preparation and equipment construction; integrate war design into combat readiness training, verify and improve war design in training practice, and form a virtuous cycle of mutual promotion between war design and troop practice. Modern war design must not only design today’s war, but also tomorrow’s war. In particular, we must prevent using today’s opponents or today’s theories to design tomorrow’s war. We must consider not only the situation in which the war proceeds smoothly, but also the possible crises, deadlocks, and endgames, to ensure the scientific guidance and leadership of war design.

Take the path of integrating theory and technology. Science and technology are the most active and revolutionary factors in military development. The organic combination, mutual promotion and collaborative innovation of military theory and military science and technology have become the only way to break through the difficulties of traditional war research and improve the quality and efficiency of war research. It is necessary to change the mindset and organizational model of the binary separation and dual-track operation of theoretical research and scientific and technological research, combine theoretical guidance with scientific and technological guidance, theoretical conception with technical realization, judge the changes in war based on the changes in science and technology, and use technical principles to explore the winning mechanism; guided by the major needs of strengthening military practice, rationally cross-configure the organizational elements of theory and scientific and technological research, jointly allocate and coordinate the use of theoretical and scientific and technological research forces, strive to create a first-class innovation team integrating theoretical masters and technical experts, and form a new structure and layout of war research that integrates theory and technology; explore new methods of war research that fully integrate theory and technology, build a joint combat experimental environment, scientifically design major innovation projects integrating theory and technology, and test and improve war theories and operational concepts through the combination of man and machine, man and equipment, and virtual and real, improve the scientificity and practicality of war research results, and comprehensively improve the overall level of war research.

Improve the new mechanism of war research. Actively explore the characteristics and laws of war research in the new era, summarize new experiences in war research, and innovate new mechanisms for war research. Improve the collaborative innovation mechanism of small core and large periphery to form an overall synergy for war research. Improve the leading mechanism of planning and planning, take demand as the driving force, problem as the orientation, and integration as the path, refine and improve the roadmap construction drawings for the development of war research in various fields and directions; scientifically allocate the investment direction and volume of scientific research resources, and form a war research planning system that takes into account both the near and far, connects the top and the bottom, and connects the left and the right. Improve the mechanism for combining war research with combat training, take war research as an important part of training, increase the proportion of research training, and make troop training an organic part of war research. Improve the mechanism for rapid transformation and promotion of theoretical exploration and regulations, so that the results of war theory research can be quickly transformed into combat regulations, and open up the innovation link of rapid transformation and mutual promotion from theory to practice. Improve the talent management and incentive mechanism, combine the new reality of war research, adjust and improve the mechanisms for talent introduction, selection, evaluation, incentives, and guarantees, stimulate and mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the majority of scientific researchers, and maximize the release of innovative vitality.

原始國語中文：

●軍人不謀戰，國必有危難；軍隊不研戰，當事必生亂。時刻準備打仗，牢固樹立戰鬥力這個唯一的根本的標準，集中精力研究軍事、研究戰爭、研究打仗，是實現黨在新時代的強軍目標、全面建成世界一流軍隊題中應有之義。

●開創戰爭研究新境界，是軍隊主責主業的具體展現。戰爭形態加速演變和國際區域安全的嚴峻挑戰，迫切要求軍隊做實研戰課題，夯實勝戰根基。

●開創戰爭研究新境界，關鍵在於在戰爭研究創新上求突破。這要求著重體系設計，堅持問題導向，緊盯作戰對手，聚力自主創新，致力於破解未來戰爭面臨的理論困惑和實踐難題。

●開創戰爭研究新境界，必須找準立足點，把握方向標，緊盯強軍勝戰的重大需求，面向實戰、面向戰場、面向部隊開拓創新。

黨的十九大明確強調確立習近平強軍思想在國防和軍事建設中的指導地位。習近平強軍思想為實現黨在新時代的強軍目標、全面建成世界一流軍隊提供了根本遵循和行動指南。進入新時代，要實現中國特色的強軍之路，建構中國特色現代作戰體系，擔當起黨和人民賦予的新時代使命任務，必須以習近平強軍思想為指導，奮力開創戰爭研究的新境界。

正視現實挑戰，強化研發戰的核心功能

開創戰爭研究新境界，是軍隊主責主業的具體展現。戰爭形態加速演變和國際區域安全的嚴峻挑戰，迫切要求軍隊做實研戰課題，夯實勝戰根基。

應對安全挑戰的現實課題。當今世界正在發生新的複雜深刻變化，國際安全情勢整體穩定，但霸權主義和強權政治依然存在，大國戰略競爭和權益博弈日趨激烈，地緣安全環境風險變數較多，國際反恐、軍備競賽、核武擴散、領土爭奪、思潮交鋒等熱點複雜多變，不確定性、連動性、綜合性凸顯。隨著中國快速崛起，西方大國加緊對我遏制圍堵和分化西化，個別週邊國家蓄意挑起陸海爭端，海外安全風險集中顯現，新型領域安全威脅不斷顯現，各種可以預料和難以預料的安全危機、戰爭風險增多，維護國家統一、領土完整、發展利益和政治社會安全面臨新挑戰。要應對安全挑戰，就必須即時掌控安全情勢，準確研判戰爭風險，搞透潛在對手，為應對危機和打贏戰爭提供可靠的超前準備。

適應新軍事革命深入發展的迫切呼喚。目前，新一輪科技革命和產業革命對世界軍事革命的影響持續擴大，亞太地區軍備競爭態勢增強，圍繞戰略主動權爭奪更加激烈。世界主要國家積極調整國家安全戰略和軍事戰略，重塑軍事力量體系，搶佔戰略制高點，智慧化戰爭正由理論預見向實戰形態加速演進。新軍事革命發展的強勁趨勢，要求我們密切關注戰爭新趨勢、探討戰爭新觀念、研究戰爭新方法、發展維護和平、打贏戰爭的新手段。唯此，才能站上世界新軍事革命潮頭，始終保持與大國地位相符的戰略能力。

實現軍事理論現代化的內在要求。一流的軍隊必須有一流的戰爭理論。近年來，美軍先後提出“網絡中心戰”“空海一體戰”“第三次抵消戰略”“混合戰爭”，俄軍提出“非核遏制戰略”“戰略性空天戰役”“國家信息安全學說”“海洋學說」等理論，反映了世界軍事強國搶佔軍事制高點的戰略設計。我軍要實現軍事理論現代化，必須在戰爭研究上確立超越意識和引領意識。但現實是，當前戰爭研究還不同程度存在與部隊脫節、與對手脫節、與戰場脫節問題；加上我軍幾十年沒有打過仗，對資訊化戰爭形態和作戰樣式認知不多不深，「兩個能力不夠」問題依然突出。站在國防和軍隊建立新的歷史起點上，面對國家安全環境的深刻變化，面對強國強軍的時代要求，軍隊必須確立起研戰勝戰的迫切意識。

掌握重點關鍵，破解未來戰爭面臨的理論困惑與實踐難題

開創戰爭研究新境界，關鍵在於戰爭研究創新上求突破。這要求著重體系設計，堅持問題導向，緊盯作戰對手，聚力自主創新，致力於破解未來戰爭面臨的理論困惑和實踐難題。

在前所未有的大變局中透析戰爭走勢。認識並掌握未來戰爭的動因、類型和時機，是戰爭研究的首要問題。做到這一點，需要透過亂象紛呈的世界，追蹤霸權主義、強權政治和新干涉主義動向，緊盯地區衝突和周邊熱點問題的複雜形勢，關注國土安全、新型領域安全、核安全等隱患，警惕各種力量亂中求變、亂中謀利及大國權力和利益再分配的鬥爭，深入研究針對我國或可能把我國拖入局部戰爭和武裝衝突的因素，研究新時代條件下可能發生的軍事摩擦、武裝衝突甚至戰略意外，以及由此引發的不同規模的戰爭，做好應對各種複雜情況的軍事鬥爭準備。

在民族復興的大目標下研究戰爭運用。深刻認識並掌握戰爭與國家發展目標的關係，是戰爭研究的政治要求。戰爭從來都是政治的延續，是實現國家政治目標的手段。實現全面建成社會主義現代化強國的奮鬥目標，要求戰爭研究必須掌握政治與軍事的主從關係，研究政治對戰爭的影響與限制。要把政治對戰爭的影響和限製作為重要課題，在實現中華民族偉大復興大目標下，既要研究打贏戰爭的戰法手段，又要研究塑造態勢、管控危機、遏制戰爭的對策方略，在打與不打、何時打、怎麼打、打到什麼程度等重大問題上，拿出符合政治要求的戰略籌劃，確保戰爭決策和手段運用不出現戰略性失誤，充分發揮好軍事手段保障國家主權、安全、發展利益的保底作用。

在戰爭演變的大趨勢中掌握戰爭規律。搞透現代戰爭特徵規律和致勝機理，是戰爭研究的認識根基。進入新時代，要求戰爭研究緊跟戰爭形態向體系化、智慧化快速邁進的歷史進程，統籌傳統安全領域和新型安全領域軍事鬥爭，把戰爭規律的研究推向新境界。深入研究戰爭一般制勝機理的新變化，針對現代戰爭多維戰場空間融為一體、時間要素不斷升值、以精銳力量實施精確作戰、作戰指揮日趨扁平化等新特點，探討體現信息主導、精打要害、聯合製勝、體係作戰要求的方法路徑，在依理謀戰、遵規施戰上取得新突破。深入研究履行使命任務特殊制勝機理的新表現，把戰爭一般制勝機理與我軍履行使命任務的特殊條件結合起來，圍繞不同的戰爭和作戰目標，探索特殊制勝機理，找準謀戰勝戰的對策方略。

在自主作戰的大前提下深化戰爭指導。研究打贏戰爭的方法途徑，是戰爭研究的關鍵任務。戰爭指導藝術的最高境界是你打你的、我打我的。要致力於創新軍事戰略理論，研究戰略目標對軍事戰略能力的需求，完善重大安全領域軍事戰略、戰區戰略、軍種和武警部隊發展戰略，探索保證國家利益安全的新思路新舉措；致力於創新聯合作戰理論，研究作戰概念、作戰指導和作戰方法，創新作戰指揮和作戰保障，面向一體化聯合作戰背景下各戰略方向、作戰樣式、作戰行動以及聯合應急行動，探索形成「以能擊不能」的戰法對策，建構適應資訊化戰爭的聯合作戰理論體系。在這個基礎上，還要致力創新作戰需求、戰時政治工作和後勤裝備保障理論，在追蹤中探討應對之策，在比較中大膽「師夷長技」。

在科技博弈的製高點上拓展戰爭手段。把人類最先進的科學技術轉化為戰爭手段，是戰爭研究的永恆任務。科學技術是第一生產力，也是核心戰鬥力。現代戰爭，實際上已成為軍事科技魔道相爭的戰略博弈。這要求我們高度重視研究新科技的戰爭效用，以先進概念引領軍事科技發展，維持戰爭理論的時代活力與科技定力；高度重視戰爭理論研究向裝備實現延伸，使戰爭概念、作戰構想、作戰指導和作戰方法轉化為裝備需求，維持作戰體系的領先優勢；高度重視新裝備對戰爭形態和作戰方法的影響，全面深化新型作戰手段和作戰力量的運用研究；高度重視基於最新科技手段的作戰樣式研究，探討各種作戰形式樣式的指導與戰法；高度重視基於現代模擬與效能試驗技術的作戰實驗，探討以科學實驗支持理論構想的創新路徑，為創新理論提供有力的科技支撐。

堅持三個面向，開創戰爭研究的嶄新局面

開創戰爭研究新境界，必須找準立足點，把握方向標，緊盯強軍勝戰的重大需求，面向實戰、面向戰場、面向部隊開拓創新。

下好戰爭設計的先手棋。戰爭設計在戰爭研究中居於核心地位，對國防和軍隊建設各方面工作具有全局性長遠引領作用。在世界軍事競爭的大棋局中，要尋求未來戰爭的主動地位，必須儘早預見戰爭、科學設計戰爭，著眼實現從跟進、並跑到領跑的轉變，努力成為未來戰爭的洞見者和遊戲規則的制定者。要掌握未來科技創新前沿趨向，找準撬動科技革命的支點，洞察能夠引發戰爭形態變革的關鍵領域、關​​鍵方向、關鍵技術，把握戰爭發展的科技之源和發展方向；大力加強戰爭核心概念開發，針對可能的戰爭行動，分層次、分方向研究制定體系化的作戰構想，用體系化的戰爭設計成果牽引軍事鬥爭準備和裝備建設；把戰爭設計融入戰備訓練，在訓練實踐中驗證和完善戰爭設計，形成戰爭設計與部隊實踐相互促進的良性循環。現代戰爭設計，既要設計好今天的戰爭，更要設計好明天的戰爭，特別要防止用今天的對手、今天的理論設計明天的戰爭；既要考慮戰爭進程順利的局面，更要考慮可能出現的危險局、僵局、殘局，確保戰爭設計的科學指導與領導作用。

走開理技融合的大路徑。科學技術是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。軍事理論與軍事科技有機結合、相互促進、協同創新，已成為突破傳統戰爭研究困境、提升戰爭研究品質效益的必經之路。要改變理論研究和科技研究二元分立、雙軌運行的思維定式和組織模式，把理論引領與科技引領、理論構想與技術實現結合起來，基於科技之變研判戰爭之變，運用技術原理探索制勝機理；以強軍實踐重大需求為牽引，合理交叉配置理論和科技研究組織要素，聯合編配、統籌使用理論和科技研究力量，努力打造理論大家與技術專家融合的一流創新團隊，形成理技合一的戰爭研究新結構新佈局；探索理論與技術全面融合的戰爭研究新方法，建好聯合作戰實驗環境，科學設計重大理技融合創新工程，透過人機結合、人裝結合、虛實結合，檢驗完善戰爭理論與作戰構想，提升戰爭研究成果的科學性實用性，全面提升戰爭研究的整體水準。

完善戰爭研究的新機制。積極探索新時代戰爭研究的特徵規律，總結戰爭研究的新經驗，創新戰爭研究的新機制。完善小核心、大外圍的協同創新機制，形成戰爭研究的整體合力。完善規劃計畫主導機制，以需求為牽引、以問題為導向、以融合為路徑，細化完善戰爭研究各領域、各方向發展的路線圖施工圖；科學配置科研資源投向投量，形成遠近兼顧、上下貫通、左右銜接的戰爭研究規劃計畫體系。完善戰爭研究與作戰訓練結合機制，把戰爭研究當作訓練的重要環節，加大研究性訓練比重，使部隊訓練成為戰爭研究的有機組成部分。完善理論探索與條令法規快速轉化與促進機制，使戰爭理論研究成果迅速轉化為作戰條令法規，打通從理論到實踐快速轉化、相互促進的創新鏈路。改善人才管理與激勵機制，結合新的戰爭研究實際，調整完善人才引進、選拔、評估、激勵、保障等機制，激發及調動廣大科研人員的積極性主動性創造性，最大限度釋放創新活力。

中國共產黨原文參考：http://cpc.people.com.cn/n1/2017/1102/c415067-29623228.html