Scientifically Understanding the “Innovation” in New Chinese Military Quality Combat Power

科學認識新中國軍隊素質戰鬥力的“創新”

來源:中國軍網-解放軍報 作者:何睿潔 責任編輯:尚曉敏 發布:2024-08-22 07:02

現代英語:

A deep understanding of the background, technical vision, tactics support and generation chain of new-quality combat power is a necessary prerequisite for building a new-quality combat power growth pole and promoting the construction of new-quality combat power in new domains. New-quality combat power is an overall capability that integrates comprehensive perception, real-time command and control, precise strike, full maintenance and protection, and focused support. It is concentrated in the “six new” aspects, namely new trends, new technologies, new equipment, new systems, new tactics, and new talents, representing a fundamental change in the form of war and the way of fighting.

New trends. The accelerated advancement of the world’s new military revolution covers all areas of war and the entire process of army building. Comprehensively understanding, actively adapting to, and proactively embracing the new military reforms are crucial to accelerating the effective supply of new-quality combat power. New-domain and new-quality combat power is a weather vane of military development in an era, a new growth point for military combat power, and a commanding height on the battlefield of the future. Judging from the recent local wars and military operations in the world, new domains and new types of combat forces represented by strategic early warning, information control, algorithmic attack and defense, and unmanned intelligence are increasingly becoming key factors in accelerating the escalation of war forms and changing the rules of war. The combat power structure has changed from the traditional one based on manpower, firepower, and mobility to one based on information power, structural power, and intelligence power. These have put forward new requirements for the development of new types of combat power and pointed out new directions. The development of new types of combat power should not be delayed, and we cannot wait passively. We must be proactive, take the initiative, and fight proactively, otherwise we will miss the opportunity and even have a generation gap.

New technologies. Science and technology have always been the most active and revolutionary factors in military development. At present, new technologies in the military field cover multiple fields such as information technology, artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, and cloud computing. The role of new technologies is not only reflected in improving the performance of a single weapon and equipment, but more importantly, it can integrate combat platforms and optimize the killing network, making battlefield information acquisition, transmission, and processing faster and more accurate, greatly improving the performance and intelligence level of weapons and equipment, and providing strong support for battlefield perception, command decision-making, coordinated operations, and system victory. Take artificial intelligence technology as an example. It can achieve real-time perception and advance prediction of battlefield situations through machine learning and big data analysis, effectively improving decision-making flexibility, battlefield control and combat success rate. Looking to the future, the development of new technologies will have a profound impact on the construction of weapons and equipment, innovation of combat styles, adjustment of organizational systems and the evolution of war forms, thereby accelerating the formation of new quality combat power with new principles and mechanisms.

New equipment. The innovation drive of military technology not only updates the types and performance of weapons and equipment, but also creates conditions for the emergence of new concept weapons in the future, greatly activating the supply side of new quality combat power. New equipment provides more diverse and more efficient means of operation for modern warfare. Compared with traditional equipment, new equipment has stronger information acquisition and processing capabilities. Advanced reconnaissance satellites and drones can obtain battlefield information in real time, providing commanders with accurate and timely intelligence support. High-performance computer systems and big data analysis technology also make information processing more efficient and accurate. New equipment has higher strike accuracy and efficiency. New equipment such as precision-guided weapons and smart ammunition can accurately identify targets, achieve precise strikes, and minimize collateral damage. New equipment has stronger battlefield survivability. The application of new protective equipment can reduce the probability of being detected and attacked by the enemy, ensure the safety of combat personnel and equipment, and effectively improve battlefield survivability. As the carrier of new technology, new equipment is the key to achieving a leap in new quality combat power.

New system. The new system is an innovation and reform of the military organizational structure to adapt to the needs of new quality combat power under the new war situation and technological background. Compared with the traditional system, the new system has distinct characteristics such as flatness, coordination, and adaptability. The flat structure of the new system breaks the traditional hierarchical organizational structure, reduces the level of information transmission, and improves decision-making efficiency and response speed; the new system strengthens cross-departmental coordination, and maximizes combat power through information sharing and resource integration among different departments; the new system has higher adaptability and can be quickly adjusted according to the war situation and combat needs, so as to better adapt to the complex and changing battlefield environment. As an important generation platform for new quality combat power, the new system plays an important supporting role in improving combat effectiveness and adaptability.

New tactics. New tactics refer to innovative and effective combat methods that adapt to new technologies and new equipment in the context of modern warfare. With the breakthrough of artificial intelligence technology, the “mast” of military intelligence has appeared on the “sea level” of the development of tactics. New tactics include the use of new tactics such as information warfare, psychological warfare, and public opinion warfare to achieve multi-domain deployment and full-dimensional offense and defense of battlefield situations; the use of new combat methods such as distributed operations and stealth operations to achieve the concealment and suddenness of combat actions; and the use of new combat modes such as joint operations and system operations to integrate and optimize combat forces. Compared with traditional tactics, new tactics have achieved innovations in strategy and tactics by using new technologies and new equipment. By optimizing operational processes and resource allocation, and focusing on flexible adjustment of strategy and tactics according to actual conditions, they can adapt to the ever-changing battlefield environment. The application of new tactics will promote the development of war in the direction of informatization and intelligence. Only by constantly adjusting and optimizing organizational structures and using new tactics to improve rapid response and coordinated combat capabilities can we be invincible in future wars.

New talents. Under the conditions of informatization and intelligence, military talents need to have higher information literacy, innovation ability and unity and cooperation ability to adapt to the needs of modern warfare. New talents should have comprehensive military theoretical knowledge and practical skills, and be proficient in modern weapons and equipment, so as to effectively deal with complex battlefield environments; they should have innovative thinking and the ability to solve difficult and blocked problems, be able to flexibly deal with various emergencies in war, and come up with effective combat plans to solve difficulties; they should have good unity and cooperation capabilities, and be able to communicate effectively with other parties, so as to form a good situation in which one party proposes coordination needs and the other parties actively cooperate. Therefore, we must regard the cultivation of new-domain and new-quality combat force talents as a long-term strategic project, strengthen demand guidance, optimize the training model, focus on shortcomings and weaknesses, implement classified incubation, strengthen practical experience, and scientifically regulate and use them.

The “six new” elements of new quality combat capability are interrelated and mutually reinforcing, and together they constitute a growth system for new quality combat capability. With the continuous advancement of science and technology and the accelerated evolution of the war situation, the connotation and extension of the “six new” elements will continue to expand and deepen, and new quality combat capability will become a key force in shaping future wars.

(Author’s unit: Air Force Engineering University)

現代國語:

何睿潔

深刻理解新質戰鬥力的產生背景、技術視野、戰法支撐和生成鏈路,是打造新質戰鬥力增長極,推進新域新質作戰力量建設的必要前提。新質戰鬥力是集綜合感知、即時指控、精確打擊、全維防護、聚焦保障於一體的整體能力,集中體現在「六新」上,即新趨勢、新技術、新裝備、新體制、新戰法、新人才,代表戰爭形態和作戰方式的根本變革。

新趨勢。世界新軍事革命的加速推進,涵蓋了戰爭和軍隊建設的各領域全過程,全面認識、積極適應、主動擁抱新軍事變革,對加速新質戰鬥力有效供給至關重要。新域新質作戰力量是一個時代軍事發展的風向標,是軍隊戰鬥力新的成長點、未來戰場的製高點。從世界近幾場局部戰爭和軍事行動看,以戰略預警、資訊控制、演算法攻防、無人智慧等為代表的新域新質作戰力量,日益成為加速戰爭形態升級、改變戰爭規則的關鍵性因素,戰鬥力結構從傳統的以兵力、火力、機動力為主,向以資訊力、結構力、智能力為主轉變,這些都給發展新質戰鬥力提出了新要求,也指出了新方向。發展新質戰鬥力事不宜遲,不能消極等待,必須積極主動,下好先手棋,打好主動仗,否則就會錯失良機,甚至出現代差。

新技術。科學技術歷來都是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。當前,軍事領域新技術涵蓋了資訊技術、人工智慧、大數據、區塊鏈、雲端計算等多個領域。新技術的作用不但體現在提升單一武器裝備的性能上,更重要的是它能夠整合作戰平台、優化殺傷網,使得戰場資訊獲取、傳輸、處理更加迅速準確,極大地提升了武器裝備的性能和智慧化水平,為戰場感知、指揮決策、協同作戰、體系製勝提供了強有力的支撐。以人工智慧技術為例,它能夠透過機器學習和大數據分析等技術手段,實現對戰場態勢的即時感知、超前預測,有效提高了決策彈性、戰場把控力和作戰制勝率。展望未來,新技術的發展將對武器裝備建設、作戰樣式創新、編制體制調整和戰爭形態演進產生深刻影響,從而加速形成具有新原理、新機理的新質戰鬥力。

新裝備。軍事科技的創新驅動,不但使武器裝備的種類和性能更新換代,也為未來新概念武器的出場創造條件,極大地激活了新質戰鬥力的供給側。新裝備為現代戰爭提供了更多樣、更有效率的作戰手段。與傳統裝備相比,新裝備資訊獲取與處理能力更強,先進的偵察衛星、無人機等能夠實時獲取戰場信息,為指揮員提供準確、及時的情報支持,高性能的計算機系統和大數據分析技術也使資訊處理更有效率、精確;新裝備打擊精準度與效率更高,精確制導武器、智慧彈藥等新裝備,能夠準確識別目標,實現精確打擊,最大限度地減少附帶損傷;新裝備戰場生存能力更強,新型防護裝備的應用,能夠降低被敵方探測和攻擊的機率,保障作戰人員和裝備的安全,有效提升戰場生存能力。新裝備作為新技術的載體,是實現新質戰鬥力躍升的關鍵。

新體制。新體制是在新的戰爭形態和科技背景下,為適應新質戰鬥力的需要而進行的軍事組織結構創新與變革。與傳統體制相比,新體制具有扁平化、協同性、適配性等鮮明特性。新體制的扁平化結構打破了傳統的層級組織結構,減少了資訊傳遞的層級,提高了決策效率和回應速度;新體制加強了跨部門協同,透過不同部門的資訊共享、資源整合,實現了戰鬥力的最大化;新體制具有更高的適配性,能夠根據戰爭形態和作戰需求進行快速調整,從而更好適應複雜多變的戰場環境。新體製作為新質戰鬥力的重要生成平台,對提升戰鬥效能和適應能力有重要支撐作用。

新戰法。新戰法是指在現代戰爭背景下,適應新技術、新裝備而形成的具有創新性和實效性的作戰方法。隨著人工智慧技術的突破,軍事智慧化的「桅桿」已經出現在戰法發展的「海平面」上。新戰法包括運用資訊戰、心理戰、輿論戰等新型戰法手段,實現戰場態勢的多域展開、全維攻防;運用分散式作​​戰、隱身作戰等新型作戰方式,實現作戰行動的隱蔽性和突然性;運用聯合作戰、體係作戰等新型作戰模式,整合及優化作戰力量。與傳統戰法相比,新戰法透過運用新技術和新裝備,實現了戰略和戰術層面的創新;透過優化作戰流程和資源配置,注重根據實際情況靈活調整戰略和戰術,能夠適應不斷變化的戰場環境。新戰法的應用將推動戰爭形態朝向資訊化、智慧化方向發展。只有不斷調整和優化組織結構,運用新戰法提升快速反應和協同作戰能力,才能在未來戰爭中立於不敗之地。

新人才。在資訊化智能化條件下,軍事人才需要具備更高的資訊素養、創新能力和團結協作能力,以適應現代戰爭的需求。新人才應具備全面的軍事理論知識和實戰技能,熟練掌握現代武器裝備,從而有效應對復雜的戰場環境;應具備創新思維和破解難點堵點問題的能力,能夠在戰爭中靈活應對各種突發情況,拿出有效的作戰方案破解困局;應具備良好的團結協作能力,能夠與其他各方有效溝通,從而形成一方提出協調需求、其餘各方積極配合的良好局面。因此,要把培養新域新質作戰力量人才作為長期策略工程,強化需求牽引、優化培養模式,緊盯短板弱項、實施分類孵化,加強實踐歷練、科學調控使用。

新質戰鬥力之「六新」相互關聯、相互促進,共同構成了新質戰鬥力的成長體系。隨著科技的不斷進步和戰爭形態的加速演變,「六新」的內涵和外延將不斷拓展和深化,新質戰鬥力將成為塑造未來戰爭的關鍵力量。

(作者單位:空軍工程大學)

中國原創軍事資源:https://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16332788.html

Chinese Military “Studying the Military, Studying War, and Studying Fighting” Special Topic: Taking Control of the Initiative to Win Future Wars

中國軍隊「學軍事、學戰爭、學打仗」專題:掌控未來戰爭主動權

現代英語:

With the rapid development of emerging technologies and their widespread application in the military field, the war situation is evolving at an accelerated pace. To win future wars, we must not only have a long-term vision, but also be meticulous, grasp the pulse of the evolution of the war situation, understand the wars that may be fought in the future, and understand the new winning mechanism, so that we can make targeted preparations for military struggle and effectively control the initiative to win future wars.

Deeply understand the connotation and characteristics of future wars

Future wars will be informationized wars with intelligent features and advanced joint operations. Their characteristics are specifically reflected in the following four “highs”:

The application of high technology changes the winning mechanism. The long-range precision, intelligent, stealth and unmanned development of weapons and equipment has promoted the evolution of war to a higher level of confrontation. It is prominently reflected in three aspects: First, there is no victory without calculation. Powerful data, algorithms and computing power provide feasible conditions for realizing superb calculation, detailed calculation and multiple calculation. From the overall decision-making of strategic battles to the tactical calculation of force use, it is necessary to occupy the advantage of “calculation” and accumulate the odds of winning at each step to increase the probability of defeating the opponent. Second, there is no victory without connection. Future combat units will present the typical characteristics of being small, scattered and active. They will be reduced from large to small and deployed in a dispersed manner. Multi-domain forces, multiple modules and multiple combinations will be connected into an autonomous and integrated combat system to achieve the emergence of structural functions and exponential growth of combat effectiveness. Third, speed is the key to success. The extension and expansion of high-tech to the terminal elements of the military system has not only brought about faster information transmission and action speeds, but also faster decision-making and system operation. Once you lag behind the enemy by one step, you are likely to fall into the danger of having your “OODA” loop locked.

High-border competition raises security threats. In future wars, national borders are no longer simply defined by geographical borders. There are also “national borders” in public domains and shared domains such as the Internet, space, deep sea, polar regions, and disruptive technologies. To gain dominance in the high borders, the following four directions must be paid attention to: First, high-covert sabotage. Cyber ​​attacks “come and go without a trace”, high-covert weapon platforms “come and go freely”, and cognitive domain covert settings “imperceptibly”, creating a serious situation that the opponent cannot see, distinguish, or defend against. Second, high-energy destruction. High-energy weapons have long continuous combat time, fast firepower transfer speed, and short firepower interruption interval, which subverts the traditional concept of firepower strike. They can be carried on land-based, sea-based, air-based, and space-based multi-dimensional platforms, and the opponent’s defense faces great difficulties. The third is high-intelligence attack. The intelligent unmanned swarm combat force has “emerged as a different force” with strong penetration capability, strong survivability, and strong battlefield recovery ability. It has become an important force in future wars. The fourth is high-speed strike. The speed of strike weapons such as aerospace aircraft has exceeded Mach 20. The global rapid strike system of some countries can carry out rapid and precise strikes on any target in the world within an hour, greatly compressing the opponent’s reaction time. The traditional defense system is facing a dangerous situation of failure.

High-level opponents place more emphasis on planning. A well-thought-out plan leads to a successful outcome. At present, countries around the world are stepping up their efforts to innovate military theories, seeking strategic advantages and initiative in future wars, which is prominently reflected in four aspects: First, foresight. See who can study the next war more clearly and thoroughly, predict the future combat environment, develop new combat styles, and design the construction and use of military forces in advance. Second, execution. See who can transform, absorb, refine and sublimate more guiding combat ideas, and implement them to the end to better guide military practice. Third, technology. See who has stronger technical perception, understanding, and application, and can continuously improve equipment performance, innovate tactics and methods, and promote the innovation and development of combat theory. Fourth, compare autonomy. See who has more “unique hidden weapons” and “killer knives”, can form a unique theoretical advantage, and give opponents an asymmetric check and balance.

High-intensity games drive global confrontation. Future wars will be highly intense and generally have three characteristics: First, globality. Wars will involve land, sea, air, space, network, electromagnetic, and psychological cognition. The combat system will be vertically connected and horizontally integrated, and global mobile integrated operations will become the basic pattern. Second, it is holistic. Focusing on strategic goals, military actions are closely coordinated and linked with political, economic, and diplomatic struggles, focusing on building an integrated national strategic system and capabilities. Third, it is persistent. Especially in the game between major powers, no party is able to destroy or change the other party’s will in a short period of time. The ultimate manifestation of the war between major powers is the comparison of comprehensive national strength.

Scientifically calibrating the basic capabilities for winning future wars

Analyzing the inherent requirements of joint operations in the context of intelligence, four basic capabilities should be possessed to win future wars.

Strategic planning capabilities based on the overall situation of the times. A good warrior seeks the situation. To design future wars, we must have a deep understanding of the general trend and plan in the process of recognizing, responding to and seeking changes. First, we must be good at understanding the overall situation. We must be able to accurately judge the enemy and our friends based on the current situation, and plan the modernization of the military around the ultimate goal, strategic goal, and stage goal. We must also be able to see the essence through the phenomenon and the depth through the appearance, and engage in all-round game with powerful enemies around the red line, bottom line, and sideline, and always maintain strategic clarity and determination. Second, we must be good at forward-looking analysis and judgment. We must be able to predict and foresee national security risks, war threats, and strategic opponents to prevent the risks of strategic misguidance and process interruption, and we must also be able to keenly detect the direction of technological breakthroughs and mechanism mutations, and accelerate the generation of new quality combat capabilities before our opponents. Thirdly, we must be good at using technology. We must improve the sensitivity of science and technology, be able to seize it when “the top of the mast is just exposed”, plan the development of key technologies, core technologies, and cutting-edge technologies, focus on the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, and truly transform science and technology into combat power.

Combat planning capabilities based on intelligent technology. In future wars, rapid planning and decision-making will become the key to improving combat effectiveness. We must further promote the application of intelligent technology in combat planning and strive to improve the “three transformations”. The first is the digitization of analysis and judgment. Through data mining, intelligent identification, and auxiliary decision-making, we can sift through the massive amount of information, remove the dross and retain the essence, reduce the interference of subjective misjudgment, objectively and comprehensively present the situation, and improve the accuracy of planning and decision-making based on data analysis and judgment. The second is the intelligence of planning operations. Advanced technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, and brain-like intelligence are deeply embedded in the entire process of case research, case preparation, case performance, and case revision. Force organization, action paths, and combat processes are intelligently designed based on combat objectives, and multiple sets of solutions are provided. Decision-making suggestions are provided to commanders through computer simulation and deduction, greatly improving the scientific and timely nature of combat planning. The third is the regularization of human-computer interaction. Adhere to the “man in the loop”, highlight the dominant position of commanders in the “OODA” loop, scientifically formulate human-computer interaction rules, constrain the autonomous scope of intelligent systems, and achieve a deep integration of command art and machine intelligence.

Based on the command and control capability of rapid optimization. In future wars, neither side will have an absolute advantage in the whole world. The key is to see who can seize the opportunity to instantly optimize and accurately release energy, and change the relationship between strength and weakness in a specific time and space. To this end, we must be sensitive to opportunities, grasp the battlefield situation in real time, accurately understand the battlefield situation, systematically analyze the opponent’s combat focus, core hubs, and key nodes, dynamically evaluate the difference in force advantages, study and judge the evolution of the situation, organically integrate the art of command and intelligent technology, and effectively grasp the window of advantage. We must make real-time action decisions, adapt to rapid battlefield changes, seize the window of advantage, quickly determine the target of attack based on the enemy’s and our own situation and the actual situation on the battlefield, aggregate multi-domain superior forces, flexibly implement combat organization, scientifically plan combat action task system, and make real-time decisions for precise energy release actions. We must conduct cross-domain collaborative control, adjust the interactive collaboration mode and combat control relationship of combat units in each domain in real time, flexibly adjust and optimize force organization, quickly distribute and update coordination rules, and realize multi-directional and multi-dimensional cross-domain, cross-medium, and cross-environment precise energy release. It is necessary to connect the system at all times and build a full-domain, multi-level information assurance system that can sense network damage in real time, restore network connectivity immediately, provide safe, smooth, and uninterrupted protection, and effectively support the efficient operation of the joint combat system.

System combat capability based on full-domain integration. Future wars will be full-domain, full-system, full-element, and full-process system confrontations, which require full-domain integrated system combat capabilities. The first is multi-source energy-gathering reconnaissance. Adhere to full-domain reconnaissance, joint early warning, and coordinated verification, and build a large-region joint reconnaissance intelligence system with multi-dimensional integration, full-domain coverage, highlighting key points, and deep integration of intelligence information. The second is wide-area joint deterrence. Have the ability to continuously deter opponents in space, cyberspace, deep sea, polar regions and other fields. The third is cross-domain joint action. Improve the level of field deployment, strengthen the ability to communicate in motion, promote modular and standardized construction, realize the dynamic deployment of combat forces, and improve command coordination and cross-domain delivery capabilities. The fourth is autonomous precision killing. Establish a flexible, dynamically matched, autonomously coordinated, and multi-layered firepower network, seize the opponent’s pain points and weaknesses, and focus on customizing and creating a multi-domain killing chain. Fifth, integrated support. Efficiently respond to the support needs of various domains, intelligently plan support resources, improve the strategic storage layout of combat materials, expand the pre-positioned storage network for campaigns, and enhance the long-term self-support capabilities of tactical-level combat units. Sixth, rapid mobilization support. Adapt to the suddenness and fast pace of war, improve the demand response mechanism, quickly aggregate resources and strength from all parties, and quickly transform war potential into actual combat power.

Actively prepare to win future wars

Focus on building a combat theory system that will lead future wars. Focusing on the modernization of military theory and guided by the military strategic policy of the new era, accelerate the construction of a combat theory system that can lead future war preparations. Focus on powerful enemies, stick to core missions, aim at future wars, and develop combat concepts and supporting concepts in all fields and directions. With combat concepts as the core, systematically develop combat theories to turn abstract combat concepts into concrete combat guidance that can be understood and accepted by the troops, thereby leading to practical innovations in joint combat command, combat capability requirements, joint combat training, joint combat support, and joint campaign tactics.

We should focus on building a new force system that can face war directly. New combat forces are an important growth point for combat effectiveness. We should strengthen system planning, take the initiative and fight proactively. We should keep a close eye on the frontier direction and the direction of assault, develop new weapons, and form combat capabilities in an organized manner. In addition, we should strengthen the construction of capabilities in emerging fields and strive to seize the initiative in military competition.

We must focus on building an intelligent network information system to support future wars. We must adhere to forward-looking layout, iterative advancement, and integrated development, and continuously improve the level of “network information + intelligence”. We must optimize system functions, build a “combat cloud” with real-time online response, and integrate multifunctional modules such as battlefield situation perception, command decision-making, action control, and combat support. We must promote resource sharing, establish an information grid that integrates the military and civilians, the sky and the earth, and multiple domains, strengthen the development and application of mobile communication systems, and improve the ability of mobile communication, broadband communication, and reliable communication. We must highlight independent innovation, strengthen the research and development of core technologies and products, and accelerate the transformation and application of technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and quantum information in the military field.

We will focus on improving the joint training system for rehearsing future wars. In accordance with the strategic requirements of building a new military training system, we will strengthen system training, confrontation training, and forward-looking training. In terms of training guidance, we will focus on the basic capabilities required to win future wars, and emphasize strategic planning, combat planning, command and control, and combat coordination training, and establish a “weather vane” for leading training with war in mind and training for war. In terms of training content, we will accurately grasp the winning mechanism of future wars, emphasize calculation in combat planning, coordination in command and control, speed in joint tactics, and intelligence in command confrontation, and establish a training content system with multi-layer connection, multi-domain coverage, and complete supporting facilities. In terms of training mode, we will follow the requirements of all-domain joint warfare in future wars, adhere to the precision control of the whole process of domain-based training, cross-domain coordination of multi-domain segmented training, and unified command of all-domain integrated training. In terms of training support, we will use intelligent simulation technology to vigorously strengthen simulation training and virtual confrontation training based on combat scenarios and powerful enemies, and conduct rehearsal practices in the context of war as realistically as possible.

(Author’s unit: Central Theater Command)

現代國語:

隨著新興技術的快速發展及其在軍事領域的廣泛應用,戰爭形態呈現加速演變趨勢。制勝未來戰爭,既要登高望遠,又須細致入微,把準戰爭形態演變的脈搏,把未來可能要打的仗弄明白,把新制勝機理搞清楚,方能有針對性地做好軍事鬥爭準備,有效掌控打贏未來戰爭主動權。

深刻掌握未來戰爭內涵特徵

未來戰爭,是具有智慧化特徵的資訊化戰爭,是高級階段的聯合作戰,其特徵具體體現在以下四「高」:

高技術應用改變制勝機理。武器裝備的遠程精準化、智慧化、隱身化、無人化發展,推動戰爭朝向更高層次的對抗演進。突出體現在三個面向:一是無算不勝。強大的數據、演算法、算力,為實現高超的廟算、細算、多算提供了可行條件,大到戰略戰役全局決策、小到力量運用戰術計算,必須佔據「算」的優勢,積累每一步的勝算,才能增大戰勝對手的機率。二是無聯不勝。未來作戰單元呈現小、散、活的典型特點,化大為小、分散部署,多域力量、多個模塊、多種組合,聯結成自主融合的作戰體系,實現結構性功能湧現、作戰效能指數級增長。三是無快不勝。高新技術向軍事體系末端要素延伸拓展,帶來的不僅是資訊傳輸速度和行動速度變快,還有決策速度更快、體系運轉更快,一旦慢敵一步就很可能陷入「OODA」環被鎖死的險境。

高邊疆爭奪推高安全威脅。未來戰爭,國家邊疆已不再簡單用地理邊疆來定義,網絡、太空、深海、極地、顛覆性科技等公域、共域也存在著「國家邊疆」。要佔據高邊疆主導權,以下四個方向必須引起關注:一是高隱破壞。網絡攻擊“來無影去無踪”,高隱身武器平台“來去自如”,認知域隱蔽設局“潛移默化”,給對手造成看不見、辨不明、防不住的嚴峻局面。二是高能摧毀。高能量武器持續作戰時間長、火力轉移速度快、火力中斷間隔短,顛覆傳統火力打擊概念,可以搭載至陸基、海基、空基、天基多維平台,對手防禦面臨極大困難。三是高智破襲。智慧無人集群作戰力量“異軍突起”,突防能力強、生存能力強、戰場恢復能力強,已成為未來戰爭的重要力量。四是高速打擊。空天飛機等打擊武器速度已超20馬赫,部分國家的全球快速打擊系統可在一小時內對全球任何目標實施快速精確打擊,極大壓縮了對手反應時間,傳統防禦系統面臨失效的危險局面。

高水準對手更重計高一籌。計熟事定,舉必有功。當前,世界各國紛紛加強軍事理論創新力度,謀求未來戰爭的戰略優勢與主動,突顯為四比拼:一是比前瞻。看誰把下一場戰爭研究得更清楚、更透徹,能夠預測未來作戰環境,開發新的作戰樣式,超前設計軍事力量建設與運用。二是比執行。看誰能夠轉化吸收、提煉升華更具指導性的作戰思想,並且貫通到底,更好地指導軍事實踐。三是比技術。看誰技術感知力、理解力、運用力更強,能夠不斷提升裝備性能,創新戰術戰法,促進作戰理論革新發展。四是比自主。看誰掌握更多的“獨門暗器”和“撒手鐧”,能夠形成獨特的理論優勢,給對手非對稱制衡。

高強度博弈帶動全局對抗。未來戰爭對抗賽局將是高強度的,一般有三個特性:一是全域性。戰爭將涉及陸地、海洋、空中以及太空、網絡、電磁和心理認知等領域,作戰系統縱向貫通、橫向融合,全局機動一體化作戰成為基本樣式。二是整體性。圍繞著戰略目的,軍事行動與政治、經濟、外交等爭爭緊密配合、協調聯動,著重於建構一體化國家戰略體系與能力。三是持久性。尤其是大國間博弈,任何一方都無力在短暫摧毀或改變對方意志,大國戰爭最終體現的是綜合國力的較量。

科學標定打贏未來戰爭基本能力

從智慧化背景下聯合作戰的內在要求分析,打贏未來戰爭應具備四個面向基本能力。

基於時代大局的戰略謀劃能力。善戰者,求之於勢。設計未來戰爭要深刻掌握大勢,在識變應變求變中運籌謀劃。首先,要善於洞悉全局。既要能基於時勢準確判斷敵我友,圍繞終極目標、戰略目標、階段目標佈局謀劃軍事現代化發展,也要能夠透過現像看本質、透過表像看深層,圍繞紅線、底線、邊線與強敵對手展開全方位博弈,始終保持戰略清醒與定力。其次,要善於前瞻研判。既要能夠對國家安全風險、戰爭威脅、戰略對手預知預判,防止出現戰略誤導、進程打斷的風險,也要能夠敏銳察覺科技突襲方向、機理突變方向,趕在對手之前加快生成新質作戰能力。再次,要善於運用科技。提昇科技的敏銳度,能夠在「桅桿頂剛剛露出的時候」就抓住它,佈局發展關鍵技術、核心技術、前沿技術,注重科技成果轉化運用,真正把科學技術轉化為戰鬥力。

基於智慧技術的作戰籌劃能力。未來戰爭,快速籌劃決策成為提升作戰效能的關鍵點,要深入推進智慧技術在作戰規劃中的應用,努力提升「三化」水準。一是分析判斷數據化。透過資料探勘、智慧識別、輔助決策等手段,對海量資訊進行去粗取精、去偽存真,減少主觀誤判幹擾,客觀全面呈現態勢,做到基於數據分析研判,提高籌劃決策精準度。二是籌劃作業智能化。將機器學習、深度學習、類腦智能等先進技術,深度嵌入研案、制案、演案、修案全過程,依據作戰目標智能設計力量編組、行動路徑、作戰過程,提供多套方案,通過電腦模擬推演為指揮者提供決策建議,大幅提升作戰規劃的科學性時效性。三是人機互動規則化。堅持“人在迴路”,突出指揮員在“OODA”環上的主導地位,科學制定人機交互規則,約束智能係統自主範圍,實現指揮藝術與機器智能的深度融合。

基於快速聚優的指揮控制能力。未來戰爭,對抗雙方都沒有全局全時的絕對優勢,關鍵看誰能夠搶先一步即時聚優、精準釋能,改變特定時空的強弱優劣關系。為此,要敏銳捕捉戰機,即時掌握戰場情況,準確理解戰場態勢,系統分析對手作戰重心、核心樞紐、關鍵節點,動態評估力量優勢差,研判態勢演進圖,有機融合指揮藝術與智能科技,有效把握優勢窗口。要即時行動決策,適應戰場快速變化,緊緊抓住優勢窗口,根據敵我態勢和戰場實際,快速確定打擊目標,聚合多域優勢力量,靈活實施作戰編組,科學規劃作戰行動任務體系,實現精準釋能行動的即時決策。要跨域協同控制,即時調整各域作戰單元互動協作方式、作戰控制關系,靈活調整優化力量編組,快速分發更新協同規則,實現多方向多維度跨域、跨介質、跨環境的精準釋能。要隨時聯通體系,構建覆蓋全領域、多層級的資訊保障體系,能夠實時感知網絡受損情況,即時恢復網絡通聯,提供安全、暢通、不間斷的保障,有效支撐聯合作戰體系高效運轉。

基於全域融合的體係作戰能力。未來戰爭是全領域、全系統、全要素、全流程的體系對抗,需要具備全域融合的體係作戰能力。一是多源聚能偵察。堅持全域偵搜、聯合預警、協同印證,建構多維一體、全域覆蓋、突出重點、情報資訊深度融合的大區域聯合偵察情報體系。二是廣域聯合威懾。具備在太空、網路空間、深海、極地等領域持續嚇阻對手的實力。三是跨域聯合行動。提升野戰化部署水平,強化動中通聯能力,推進模塊化標準化建設,實現作戰力量動態部署,提升指揮協同和跨域投送能力。四是自主精準殺傷。建立彈性靈活、動態匹配、自主協同、多層銜接的火力網,抓住對手痛點弱處,重點訂定打造多域殺傷鏈。五是綜合一體保障。有效率回應各域保障需求,智慧規劃保障資源,完善作戰物資戰略儲備佈局,擴大戰役預置儲備網點,增強戰術級作戰單元長時自我保障能力。六是快速動員支援。適應戰爭突然性強、節奏快的要求,完善需求響應機制,快速聚合各方資源與力量,迅速將戰爭潛力轉變為現實戰鬥力。

積極做好打贏未來戰爭各項準備

著力建構引領未來戰爭的作戰理論體系。圍繞著實現軍事理論現代化,以新時代軍事戰略方針為統領,加速建立能夠引領未來戰爭準備的作戰理論體系。聚焦強敵對手、緊貼核心使命、瞄準未來戰爭,發展各領域各方向作戰概念和支撐概念。以作戰概念為內核,體系發展作戰理論,使抽象的作戰概念變為具體化的作戰指導,能夠被部隊理解和接受,進而牽引聯合作戰指揮、作戰能力需求、聯合作戰訓練、聯合作戰保障、聯合戰役戰法等方面的實踐創新。

著力建強直面戰爭的新質力量體系。新質作戰力量是戰鬥力重要成長點,要加強系統謀劃,下好先手棋、打好主動仗。既要緊盯前緣方向,更要緊盯突襲方向,發展新型武器,成建制形成作戰能力。此外,還要加強新興領域能力建設,努力奪取軍事競爭主動權。

著力建設支撐未來戰爭的智慧化網絡資訊體系。堅持前瞻佈局、迭代推進、融合發展,不斷提升「網絡資訊+智慧化」水準。要優化體系功能,構建實時在線響應的“作戰雲”,融合集成戰場態勢感知、指揮決策、行動控制、作戰保障等多功能模塊。要推進資源共享,建立軍民一體、天地一體、多域一體的資訊柵格網,加強行動通訊系統開發運用,提高動中通聯、寬帶通聯、可靠通聯能力。要突顯自主創新,加強核心技術與產品研發,加速大數據、雲端計算、人工智慧、量子資訊等技術在軍事領域的轉化運用。

著力完善預演未來戰爭的聯合訓練體系。依照建構新型軍事訓練體系的戰略要求,加強體系練兵、對抗練兵、前瞻練兵。在訓練指導上,圍繞打贏未來戰爭所需基礎能力,突顯抓好戰略謀劃、作戰籌劃、指揮控制、作戰協同訓練,確立以戰領訓、向戰抓訓的「風向標」。在訓練內容上,準確掌握未來戰爭制勝機理,作戰籌劃突出算、指揮控制突出聯、聯合戰術突出快、指揮對抗突出智,建立多層銜接、多域覆蓋、配套完善的訓練內容體系。在訓練模式上,遵循未來戰爭全局聯合要求,堅持分域全程練精準控制、多域分段練跨域協同、全局融合練一體指揮。在訓練保障上,運用智慧模擬技術,大力加強基於作戰場景、強敵對手的模擬模擬訓練和虛擬對抗訓練,盡可能逼真地進行戰爭背景下的預演實踐。

(作者單位:中部戰區)

中國原創軍事資源:http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/489870888.html

Chinese Military Perspective on the Hard Support of Cognitive Confrontation

中國軍事視野下的認知對抗硬保障

來源:中國軍網-解放軍報 作者:陳東恆 王一戌 責任編輯:劉秋麗

現代英語:

Modern warfare, according to the characteristics of material form, usually divides the combat domain into the physical domain, the information domain, and the cognitive domain. The three domains interact with each other to form the field and soil for military confrontation. Although cognitive domain operations occur in the cognitive domain, their operational support often spans various fields. War practice shows that with the enhanced effectiveness of hard strikes in the physical domain, cognitive formation can often be accelerated, and cognitive realization can better meet combat needs.

Cognitive offense and defense cannot be separated from physical support

Today’s world is a world where everything is interconnected. The collection of different objects connected to each other greatly enhances the function of independent individuals acting alone. Cognitive domain operations are never isolated operations between cognitive carriers. Only by integrating cognitive attack and defense into an integrated joint operations chain, closely integrating with physical domain military strike operations, and tightly integrating with the entire combat system can we fully exert combat effectiveness.

The starting point of cognition. Existence determines consciousness. Thinking and cognition is not a fairy from the sky, but a true or tortuous reflection of the real world. Without the foundation of the material world, thinking and cognition will lose the source of information, the basis for analysis and judgment, and the accuracy of decision-making and action, making it difficult for people to trust, recognize, and rely on. Even the most psychedelic science fiction wars still have references to real combat targets, specific combat objectives, and corresponding combat paths. Therefore, intelligence reconnaissance analysis has become an indispensable and important link for commanders to organize troops and plan. “Without investigation, there is no right to speak” is regarded as a golden rule that must be followed in decision-making. Battlefield simulation simulations have become an important step for the success of combat operations. In history, most of the combat commands of accomplished generals and classic combat cases that can withstand the test of history and practice are all based on full investigation and research and scientific intelligence analysis. Without the hard-core support of the real world, “human beings think about , and God laughs.”

The basis of cognitive effects. A golden rule of operations in the cognitive domain is that soft power at the cognitive level must be supported by hard strikes at the physical level in order to ensure and strengthen its role. Strong military pressure is a necessary prerequisite for cognitive means to work, and continuous victory on the battlefield is the core support for winning cognitive wars. If the United States does not have the high-pressure pressure of its super comprehensive national strength and superior technology, its “Star Wars Plan” may not really work. If operations in the cognitive domain lack the support of specific military operations in the physical domain, they will never produce the good effects of doubting, confusing, deterring, and defeating the enemy. To grasp the initiative in thinking and cognition and to take the initiative in cognitive domain operations, we must not only strengthen the construction of cognitive ontology, improve the ability to directly use strategies and technical means to strengthen self-protection, intervene and influence the opponent’s thinking and cognition, but also actively strive to The physical domain leverages the conductive effect of military operations in the physical domain to enhance thinking and cognition.

The starting point for cognitive realization. Marxism believes that once theory grasps the masses, it will also become material force. From the perspective of cognitive domain combat, the spiritual creation at the superstructure level of cognition will not automatically turn into material power. Only by being attached to a certain material carrier and practical grasp can it be possible to realize spiritual to material and consciousness. A critical leap into existence. Just as in World War II, if the German army had not bypassed the Maginot Line, broke through the Ardennes Forest, and launched a surprise attack into the French hinterland, it would have been impossible to demonstrate the foresight of the cognitive achievement of the “Manstein Plan”; similarly, if there had been no Allied Forces, The military’s successful landing in Normandy, which invaded the east and west, also failed to highlight the ingenuity of the strategy of “Building Plank Roads in the Open and Covering the Warehouses” in the “Operation Overlord Plan”. Thinking and cognition are transmitted through people to specific military actions in the physical domain, and then the specific military actions in the physical domain realize the material transformation of cognitive results, forming the fundamentals of the two-way interaction between cognitive offense and defense and military strikes in the physical domain.

The basic method of physical attack to support cognitive offense and defense

The methods and methods used by military strikes in the physical domain to support cognitive offense and defense follow the general law that matter determines consciousness and existence determines thinking. The basic methods can be divided into enhanced support, confirmation support and realization support.

Enhanced support. Military strikes in the physical domain strengthen the formation and development of thinking and cognition. Although thinking and cognition depend on the quality of the cognitive carrier itself, it will be difficult to achieve without the support of military operations in the physical domain. The most basic role of military operations in the physical domain in the cognitive domain is to provide solid support for the formation and development of thinking and cognition. Thinking and cognition can only be stable and far-reaching if it is based on real physical actions. For example, in the early days of the Korean War, when the Korean People’s Army was overwhelming, our army’s combat staff Lei Yingfu and others accurately predicted the landing of the US military based on the war situation, geographical and weather characteristics of the Korean Peninsula, especially the various actions of the US and South Korean troops at that time, etc. Time and place. Similarly, Li Qiwei of the “United Nations Army” also made a judgment on the “worship offensive” based on the logistics support, weapons and equipment, and tactical use of the volunteers, and used “magnetic tactics” to fight me. These are all enhancements to the formation and development of thinking and cognition caused by combat in the physical domain.

Confirmation type support. Military strikes in the physical domain confirm preset thinking, precognition, and prejudgment. Cognitive attack and defense does not only occur at the cognitive level, but is the interaction between cognition and practice. War is a “place of life and death, a way of survival”. If one’s cognitive decision-making cannot be verified in many directions at the practical level, then acting rashly is the greatest irresponsibility for war. During the revolutionary war years, our military’s decision-makers were always under the control of the overall strategy and gave front-line commanders the power to act as appropriate and within the principles of the overall strategic direction. This is a positive confirmation of strategic thinking. During the Second World War, the Allies used “false facts” to mislead, constantly shaping and strengthening the German army’s misunderstanding of the Allied landing sites on the European continent, and finally successfully landed in Normandy with minimal cost. This was a counter-attack. To confirm.

Implementation support. Provide direct physical support for the realization of thinking, cognition, judgment and decision-making. Thinking and cognition must be transformed into actual results that change the world. The thinking and cognition acting on the opponent is not the end but a new starting point. Next, it must be acted upon in the physical world through “skilled hands” and “brave heart”. In other words In short, it is to provide direct physical action support for the value realization of thinking and cognition. This is just like Zhuge Liang’s clever plan, no matter how brilliant it is, if there is no implementation by the “Five Tiger Generals” and other Shu Han soldiers, it can only remain at the cognitive level of talking on paper. No matter how efficiently the first three parts of the “OODA” loop operate, if the execution link “A” is missing, it will be a “dead loop”. Similarly, the results of our military’s command decisions also depend on the resolute, thorough, and creative execution of the officers and soldiers. The quality and efficiency of the execution directly determines the effectiveness of the implementation of the command decisions. In this regard, physical actions at the execution level are of extremely important practical significance.

Effectively strengthen the interaction between cognitive offense and defense and physical strikes

Thinking and cognition must rely on the support of physical actions, which is an objective law that is independent of human will. It is an extremely important task to strengthen the communication and interaction between thinking and cognition and physical strikes to make our thinking and decision-making more targeted, objective and operable, so as to better transform cognitive advantages into action advantages and winning advantages. .

Be more proactive and solidify your cognitive foundation. Whether the thinking and cognition is correct depends fundamentally on its compatibility with objective reality and its applicability to combat opponents. Only thinking and cognition based on full investigation and research, seeking truth from facts and comparative advantages can stand the test of practice and actual combat. The practice of absolute, sacred, and nihilistic thinking or generals’ genius, wisdom, and inspiration is idealistic, one-sided, and harmful. This requires that we must work hard to base our thinking and cognition on the basis of extensive investigation, research and intelligence analysis, and truly understand the enemy’s situation, our situation, and other people’s situations, truly know our enemies and ourselves, know everything we should know, and adapt to local conditions. The camera moves. At the same time, we must combine reading books without words with books with words, unify indirect theory with living practice that is constantly developing and changing, and dialectically recognize past experiences and lessons and other people’s experiences and lessons, so that they become our own knowledge. Help instead of shackles, assist instead of dominate.

Be more proactive and strengthen cognitive rationality. Correct understanding that can withstand the long-term test of practice and actual combat comes from practice and is strengthened through feedback from practice. Cognitive practical experience is only the basic material for obtaining correct cognition. To form scientific cognition, we need to further eliminate the false and preserve the true in the repeated collision and verification of consciousness and matter, thinking and existence, in order to improve cognitive rationality. It is wrong and even fatal to think that true knowledge can be obtained once and for all from only local situations, fragmented information and individual periods of time. In the Battle of Chibi in ancient China, Cao Cao’s side only came to the understanding of concatenating warships from the common sense that iron cables can balance the shaking of the ship’s hull, and did not confirm it from the actual combat effects or consequences of concatenating warships. If you don’t know how to recreate, you will easily tie up the ship with iron ropes and tie yourself up, and ultimately end up in the disastrous defeat of “burning Red Cliff”. Times have changed, and the enemy situation on the modern battlefield is ever-changing. There has never been an unchanging cognitive practice, nor a once-and-for-all cognitive achievement. It can only strip away impurities and extract the essence from material to cognitive to material confirmation for re-cognition. , can we return to rationality.

Be more proactive in objectifying cognitive outcomes. Cognitive achievements are only the result of thinking and consciousness nurtured in cognitive carriers. Without timely and effective material transformation, it will be like walking at night wearing brocade clothes or hiding treasures in the mountains, and it will be difficult to demonstrate its own value. Thinking and cognition are based on physical actions, and ultimately rely on specific actions in the physical domain before they can be materialized and transformed into actual results that change the subjective and objective worlds. This requires us to not only consolidate the cognitive foundation and strengthen cognitive rationality, but also improve the operability of cognitive decision-making and planning as much as possible, opening the door for smoother materialization and transformation. At the same time, efforts must be made to improve the execution capabilities of decision-making and deployment executors, so that they can correctly understand the intention of decision-making, creatively adopt appropriate methods based on specific realities, and maximize the implementation of cognitive results and operational decision-making plans to the end. Be a good “ferryman” and “bridge across the river” that connects and transforms cognitive results with combat effectiveness.

(Author’s unit: Military Political Work Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences)

現代國語:

現代戰爭,按物質形態特點,通常將作戰域分為物理域、信息域、認知域,三個域相互影響共同構成軍事對抗的領域和土壤。認知域作戰雖然發生在認知領域,但其作戰依托常常橫跨各領域。戰爭實踐表明,在物理域硬打擊增效強化下,認知形成往往能加速實現,認知實現也能更好地契合作戰需要。

認知攻防離不開物理支撐

當今世界是一個萬物互聯的世界,相互聯結在一起的不同物體的集合體,極大增強了獨立個體獨自行動所具有的功能。認知域作戰從來都不是認知載體間進行的孤立作戰,只有將認知攻防融入一體化聯合作戰鏈條,與物理域軍事打擊行動緊密結合起來,與整個作戰體系緊緊融為一體,才能充分發揮作戰效能。

認知源起的基點。存在決定意識。思維認知不是天外飛仙,而是現實世界真實或曲折的反映。離開物質世界這個根基,思維認知就失去信息的來源、分析判斷的依據、決策行動的准心,很難讓人信得過、認得准、靠得住。即使最具迷幻色彩的科幻戰爭,也有真實作戰對象、具體作戰目的、相應作戰路徑的參照。於是,情報偵察分析成為指揮員統兵用謀必不可少的重要環節,“沒有調查就沒有發言權”被視為決策決斷必須奉行的金科玉律,戰場模擬推演成為作戰行動成功的重要步驟。歷史上,大凡有作為的將帥作戰指揮、經得起歷史和實踐檢驗的經典作戰案例,無不建立在充分調查研究和科學情報分析基礎之上,離開了現實世界這個硬核支撐,“人類一思索,上帝就發笑”。

認知效應的依托。認知域作戰的一個黃金法則是,認知層面的軟力量必須以物理層面的硬打擊為依托,才能確保和強化其作用發揮。強大軍事壓力是認知手段發揮作用的必要前提,戰場上不斷獲勝是制勝認知戰的硬核支撐。如果美國沒有超強綜合國力和優勢科技的高壓緊逼,其“星球大戰計劃”未必真能奏效。認知域作戰如果缺乏物理域具體的軍事行動配合支撐,斷不會產生疑敵、惑敵、懾敵、勝敵的良好效果。掌握思維認知主動權、打好認知域作戰主動仗,不僅須加強認知本體力量建設,提高直接運用謀略和技術手段加強自我防護、干預和影響對手思維認知的能力,而且應積極向物理域借力,借助物理域軍事行動的傳導效應來增強思維認知。

認知實現的抓手。馬克思主義認為,理論一經掌握群眾,也會變成物質力量。認知域作戰視域下,認知這一上層建築層面的精神創造,同樣不會自動變成物質的力量,只有依附於一定的物質載體和實踐抓手,才可能實現精神到物質、意識到存在的關鍵一躍。正如第二次世界大戰中如果沒有德軍繞過馬其諾防線突破阿登森林向法國腹地突襲,就不可能彰顯“曼施坦因計劃”這一認知成果的預見性;同樣,如果沒有盟軍聲東擊西在諾曼底的成功登陸,同樣也突顯不出“霸王行動計劃”之“明修棧道,暗度陳倉”謀略的巧妙。思維認知經人傳導到物理域的具體軍事行動,再由物理域的具體軍事行動來實現認知成果的物化轉化,構成認知攻防與物理域軍事打擊雙向互動的基本面。

物理打擊支撐認知攻防的基本方式

物理域軍事打擊對認知攻防支撐的方式方法,遵循物質決定意識、存在決定思維的一般規律。基本方式可分為增強型支撐、印證型支撐、實現型支撐。

增強型支撐。物理域的軍事打擊對思維認知形成發展的強化。思維認知固然有賴於認知載體本身素質,但若離開物理域軍事行動的支撐也難以促成。物理域軍事行動之於認知域最基礎的作用在於為思維認知形成發展提供堅實支撐,思維認知也只有建立在實實在在的物理行動基礎之上才能行穩致遠。譬如,朝鮮戰爭初期,當朝鮮人民軍勢如破竹時,我軍作戰參謀雷英夫等人根據朝鮮半島的戰爭態勢、地理天候特點,特別是美韓軍隊當時的種種舉動等,准確預判了美軍登陸的時間地點。同樣,“聯合國軍”的李奇微也是根據志願軍後勤保障、武器裝備、戰術運用等,作出“禮拜攻勢”的判斷,以“磁性戰術”與我纏斗。這些都是物理域作戰對思維認知形成發展的增強。

印證型支撐。物理域軍事打擊對預設思維、預先認知、預有判斷的印證。認知攻防絕不單單發生在認知層面,而是認知與實踐的互動。戰爭作為“死生之地、存亡之道”,其認知決策如果不能在實踐層面得到多向印證就貿然行事,是對戰爭最大的不負責任。革命戰爭年代,我軍決策層總是在全局戰略把控下,賦予一線指揮員在總體戰略方向原則下酌情相機而動的權力,就是對戰略思維認知的正向印證。第二次世界大戰中,盟軍綜合運用以假亂真的“假事實”誤導,不斷塑造和強化德軍關於盟軍在歐洲大陸登陸地點的錯誤認知,最終在諾曼底以最小的代價成功登陸,是為反向印證。

實現型支撐。為思維認知、判斷決策的實現提供直接的物理支撐。思維認知要轉化為改變世界的實際成效,作用於對手的思維認知不是終點只是新的起點,接下來還要經過“熟練的手”和“勇敢的心”作用於物理世界,換而言之,就是為思維認知的價值實現提供直接的物理行動支撐。這正如諸葛亮的錦囊妙計再高明,如果沒有“五虎上將”等蜀漢將士的貫徹執行也只能停留在紙上談兵的認知層面。“OODA”環前三部分運行得再高效,如果缺少了“A”這一執行環節,就是“死環”。同樣,我軍的指揮決策成果也有賴於廣大官兵的堅決、徹底、創造性地執行,執行的質量效益直接決定指揮決策的落實成效。就此而言,執行層面的物理行動就具有極為重要的現實意義。

切實加強認知攻防與物理打擊的互動

思維認知必須有賴於物理行動的支撐,這是不以人的意志為轉移的客觀規律。加強思維認知與物理打擊的交流互動,使我們的思維決策更具針對性、客觀性、操作性,從而更好地由認知優勢轉化為行動優勢、制勝優勢,是一項極為重要的工作。

更加積極主動夯實認知基礎。思維認知正確與否,根本取決於其與客觀實際的契合度、對作戰對手的適用性。只有建立在充分調查研究、實事求是和比較優勢基礎上的思維認知,才是經得起實踐和實戰檢驗的思維認知。那種將思維認知或將帥的天才智慧與靈感頓悟絕對化、神聖化、虛無化的做法,是唯心的、片面的、有害的。這就要求我們必須努力將思維認知建立在廣泛調查研究和情報分析基礎之上,切實把敵情、我情、他情搞清楚弄明白,真正做到知彼知己、應知盡知,因地制宜、相機而動。同時,還須將讀無字書與有字書結合起來,將間接的理論與不斷發展變化的鮮活實踐統一起來,辯證認知以往經驗教訓和別人的經驗教訓,使之成為自己認知的助力而不是桎梏、輔助而不是主導。

更加積極主動強化認知理性。經得起實踐和實戰長期檢驗的正確認知從實踐中來,又在實踐反饋中得以強化。認知實踐經驗只是獲得正確認知的基礎材料,要形成科學的認知還需要進一步在意識與物質、思維與存在的反復折沖印證中不斷去偽存真,才能提高認知理性。那種僅從局部情況、破碎信息和個別時段就認為一勞永逸獲得真知的做法,是錯誤甚至致命的。在中國古代赤壁之戰中,曹操一方只是從鐵索連船可平衡船體晃動的常識中就得出將戰船連體的認知,並未從連片戰船的實戰效果或後果中進行再認知再創造,就輕易用鐵索連船、自縛手腳,最終落得“火燒赤壁”的慘敗下場。時移事易,現代戰場敵情更是瞬息萬變,從來就沒有一成不變的認知實踐,也沒有一勞永逸的認知成果,只有從物質到認知再到物質的印證中剝離雜質、抽取精華進行再認知,才能回歸理性。

更加積極主動物化認知成果。認知成果只是孕育於認知載體的思維意識結果,如果不進行及時有效的物化轉化,就如同著錦衣而夜行、藏重寶於深山,難以彰顯自身價值。思維認知基於物理行動生發,最終還要依托物理域的具體行動,才能物化轉化為改變主客觀世界的實際成效。這就要求我們不僅要夯實認知基礎、強化認知理性,還要盡可能提高認知決策與計劃方案的可操作性,為其更加順暢地物化轉化打開方便之門。同時,還要著力提高決策部署執行者的執行能力,使之能正確理解領會決策意圖,結合具體實際創造性采用適情對路的方法,最大限度地將認知成果與作戰決策方案貫徹執行到底,當好認知成果與作戰效果聯結轉化的“擺渡人”“過河橋”。

(作者單位:軍事科學院軍隊政治工作研究院)

中國原創軍事資源:https://www.81.cn/yw_208727/10203475888.html

Chinese Military Comprehensively Improving Scientific and Technological Cognition of Strategic Capabilities

國軍全面提升戰略能力科技認知

中國軍網 國防部網 // 2024年6月3日 星期一

現代英語:

War is a confrontation of material forces, but also a contest of ideological cognition. To implement President Xi’s new requirements for comprehensively improving strategic capabilities in emerging fields, we must grasp the “bull’s nose” of scientific and technological cognition, focus on the new trend of accelerating the new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution, focus on strengthening the army and winning wars, and strengthen the research and exploration of strategic, cutting-edge and disruptive technologies in emerging fields. With a deep understanding of the nature and laws of science and technology, we will master the initiative to achieve high-quality development of military construction and win military competition and future wars, transform scientific and technological cognition into a real ability to design and win wars, and accelerate and gain new advantages in strategic areas.

(one)

Only by understanding the times can we understand war. In the era when scientific and technological revolutions and military revolutions are integrated and intersecting, and science and technology have become the core combat power of modern warfare, improving the scientific and technological cognition of strategic capabilities in emerging fields will help us understand and grasp the characteristics and laws of modern warfare, better control information-based and intelligent warfare, achieve overtaking in new fields and new tracks, win military competitive advantages with scientific and technological advantages, and win future high-tech wars.

Leading military reform and seizing the commanding heights. The wise hear what is silent, and the wise see what is not yet formed. Only by keenly observing the development trends of science and technology in emerging fields and expanding the cognitive boundaries in the field of strategic frontier technologies can we see what is not yet born and recognize what is not yet developed, take the initiative and fight proactively, and lead the revolutionary transformation and development of military elements. In today’s era, emerging technologies represented by artificial intelligence have emerged in a “blowout” manner, leading and promoting the rapid development of military intelligence at an unprecedented speed, triggering chain breakthroughs in the military field, and leveraging a fundamental change in the war pattern. Technological innovation has always been a race between time and speed. Faced with the strong momentum of military technological development in emerging fields, we must strive to seize the initiative and gain advantages. We must accurately grasp the technological trends of the times, dare to stand at the forefront of human warfare and technological development, and grasp the basic laws of technological development and evolution in the long river of history and the global perspective. We must accurately identify new goals, new fields, and new heights for the development of military science and technology, find breakthroughs in the development of military science and technology in a timely manner, and dare to advance into the “no man’s land” of military scientific and technological innovation, seize the strategic commanding heights of military technology competition, and lead the military revolution to achieve new breakthroughs and leaps with new thinking and concepts.

Leading military competition to gain the initiative. The level of cognition ultimately determines the pattern of military competition. At present, the frontier positions and strength competition of world military competition have extended to emerging fields, and seizing technological advantages has become a strategic move to seek military advantages. In the fierce competition of technological subversion and counter-subversion, raid and counter-raid, offset and counter-offset, scientific and technological cognition has become a key variable that determines the outcome of military games. If there is a gap in scientific and technological cognition, there is a risk of being surpassed by the opponent’s new technological combat force. If there is a technological gap in shaping new quality combat power, it will be difficult to “change the rules of competition” to form a military competitive advantage. Recent local wars and armed conflicts in the world have shown that whoever has the strategic capability and scientific and technological cognition of emerging fields ahead of the opponent and uses technology to empower combat power can control the battlefield situation and achieve a fundamental change in the winner and loser. In the increasingly fierce world military game, in order to seize the initiative in the development of military science and technology in emerging fields and occupy a favorable position of overlooking from a high position, it is necessary to enhance the scientific and technological cognition of strategic capabilities in emerging fields, keep a close eye on changes in science and technology, changes in war, and changes in opponents, plan according to the situation, act in response to the situation, follow the trend, make advance arrangements and plans, ensure that unique advantages are formed in some important areas, and win the initiative in military games.

Leading the strong army to win the war and win the future war. Practice determines cognition, which is the source and motivation, purpose and destination of cognition. The scientific and technological cognition of strategic capabilities in emerging fields is to promote scientific and technological innovation and the application of science and technology as the practice direction. The fundamental focus is to create a new quality combat power growth pole. The main purpose is to seize the commanding heights of strategic competition, seize the initiative in war, and ultimately win the future war. At present, the development of emerging fields is showing a trend of in-depth advancement in all directions and fields, and the frequency of dynamic iteration and update of science and technology is accelerating. To forge a new quality combat power with a new killing mechanism and improve the scientific and technological content of national defense and military modernization, we must deeply grasp the key areas of scientific and technological innovation in emerging fields, grasp the new characteristics of cross-integration of scientific and technological innovation in emerging fields, focus on creating a new quality combat power growth pole, vigorously promote independent innovation and original innovation, eliminate backward technologies that are not adapted to the changes in the war form, adhere to the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, improve the application of military scientific and technological innovation, comprehensively enhance the strategic capabilities in emerging fields, and win the battle to achieve the goal of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the army as scheduled.

(two)

Improving the scientific and technological cognition of strategic capabilities in emerging fields is a very complex rational thinking process of subjective insight into objectiveness. We should scientifically and accurately grasp the essential attributes and characteristics of scientific and technological innovation and development in emerging fields, and know both the facts and the reasons. We should focus on improving the three abilities of scientific and technological foresight, discrimination, and understanding in the strategic capabilities of emerging fields, and form a scientific cognitive ability system that supports, cooperates with, and influences each other, so as to provide strong support for comprehensively improving the strategic capabilities in emerging fields.

Aiming at future wars, we should enhance our scientific and technological foresight. Emerging fields are one of the main battlefields of future wars. Once some technologies achieve breakthroughs, the impact will be subversive, and may even fundamentally change the form and mode of war, and fundamentally change the traditional offensive and defensive pattern of war. Science and technology have never had such a profound impact on military construction and the outcome of wars as today. If the scientific and technological cognition is narrow and there is a lack of strategic foresight and prediction of cutting-edge technologies in emerging fields, it may not understand the opponent, the war, let alone win the future war. During the Gulf War, Iraq’s mechanized steel torrent lost to the US military’s precision-guided weapons. One of the important reasons was the gap in the scientific and technological cognition of the two in strategic capabilities in emerging fields. To let thoughts reach tomorrow’s battlefield directly, we must improve our scientific and technological cognition, closely follow the development direction of the world’s advanced military science and technology, keep abreast of the latest developments in cutting-edge science and technology, scientifically predict the development trend of science and technology, make full use of data mining and other technologies, comprehensively judge the revolutionary impact of high-tech development on war, take the lead in laying out emerging combat fields, develop a series of high-tech weapons and equipment, accelerate the scientific and technological empowerment of combat effectiveness, and provide a solid material foundation for winning future wars.

Keep a close eye on how to defeat powerful enemies and improve your ability to discern science and technology. War is a life-and-death confrontation between the enemy and us, and emerging fields are the top priority for the struggle between the two sides. Improving the scientific and technological cognition of strategic capabilities in emerging fields is the fundamental strategy to prevent technological surprise attacks and avoid technological traps. In order to seize the initiative in war, powerful enemies have always not only used their unique high-tech weapons and equipment to surprise their opponents, putting them in a passive and unfavorable situation, but also used a more dangerous trick of carefully setting up technical traps and implementing strategic fraud. During the Cold War, the Soviet Union fell into the strategic deception trap of the US “Star Wars Plan”, which accelerated the decline of its national strength. To persist in targeting strong enemies and winning battles, we must improve the scientific and technological discernment of strategic capabilities in emerging fields, closely follow the technological frontiers of strong enemies, formulate breakthrough strategies for building strategic capabilities in emerging fields, and maintain a high degree of technical acumen and discernment of some of the so-called new technologies and new concepts hyped by strong enemies. We must be good at distinguishing the authenticity of technology, weighing the pros and cons of development and the extent of their impact, and persist in developing strategic resources in emerging fields based on national conditions and military situation, so that the results of military scientific and technological innovation in emerging fields can better empower the decision-making chain, command chain and combat effectiveness generation chain.

Mastering the winning strategy improves the understanding of science and technology. The key to strengthening the army and winning the war is to master the winning strategy. In the context of the deep coupling of modern science and technology with the military, understanding and mastering science and technology has become an essential ability to understand war, design war, and win war. From the perspective of human military history, it is precisely because of the thorough understanding of the principles of aviation technology and space technology that Douhet’s “air supremacy” theory, Graham’s “high frontier” theory and other war theories have been produced. Similarly, if there is a lack of thorough understanding of new technologies such as human-machine collaboration, group intelligence openness, and autonomous control of artificial intelligence, it will be impossible to master the winning mechanism of intelligent warfare and explore new theories and tactics of intelligent warfare. Technology determines tactics. To win future wars, we must focus on thinking about wars from a scientific and technological perspective, understand the impact of scientific and technological development in emerging fields on wars, learn from and absorb the latest achievements in military and scientific and technological innovation of the world’s powerful countries, research and explore the internal mechanisms of high-tech in emerging fields that support modern warfare, and explore how to use scientific and technological concepts and thinking to accurately grasp the laws of winning wars, how to use advanced scientific and technological means to strengthen the construction of new-quality combat effectiveness, how to design wars based on scientific and technological principles, and how to transform scientific and technological advantages into capability advantages, and use the “key” of scientific and technological thinking to open the “door” to victory.

(three)

Comprehensively improving the scientific and technological cognition of strategic capabilities in emerging fields is a long-term, systematic strategic project. We must deeply understand and implement the spirit of President Xi’s important instructions, take improving the scientific and technological literacy of officers and soldiers as a basic task, and enhance the scientific and technological cognition of officers and soldiers with a high sense of mission, scientific thinking concepts, and effective methods and paths, in order to comprehensively enhance strategic capabilities in emerging fields and lay a solid foundation for the high-quality development of our military.

Accelerate the transformation of ideas and concepts. The wise change with the times, and the knowledgeable make decisions based on the situation. While the emerging military science and technology is transforming the objective world, it is also profoundly changing people’s subjective world, forming a subversive impact on the traditional war-winning mechanism and way of thinking. The inherent requirement is that we must change our ideas and concepts to improve our scientific and technological cognition. Engels pointed out: “When the wave of technological revolution is surging around… we need newer and braver minds.” Whoever is conservative, conservative, and self-contained will miss precious opportunities, fall into strategic passivity, and even miss a whole era. We must emancipate our minds and update our concepts, actively adapt to the development trend of military changes in the world today, keenly perceive the military ideological innovation brought about by the technological revolution, have the courage to change the mindset of mechanized warfare, break the ideological constraints of conservatism, and firmly establish a new thinking of information-based and intelligent warfare, establish a new concept of strengthening the army and winning with science and technology, focus on understanding the new face of war, discovering new characteristics of war, and revealing new laws of war from a scientific and technological perspective, and strive to raise the level of war cognition to a new height.

Cultivate the foundation of scientific and technological literacy. Scientific and technological literacy is the ability to scientifically understand and describe the objective world and the ability of scientific thinking. The depth of scientific and technological literacy fundamentally determines the level of scientific and technological cognition. If you don’t understand science and technology or your scientific and technological literacy is not high, you will be like looking at flowers in the fog and the moon in the water when it comes to modern warfare, let alone being able to fight and win. To improve the scientific and technological cognition of strategic capabilities in emerging fields and understand the winning mechanism of modern high-tech warfare, the key is to work hard to improve the scientific and technological literacy of officers and soldiers, coordinate the use of military and local scientific and technological resources, vigorously spread the scientific spirit, popularize scientific knowledge, strengthen the study of modern science and technology, especially military science and technology knowledge, conduct in-depth research on cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, and quantum technology, deeply understand the new characteristics of artificial intelligence deep learning, cross-border integration, human-machine collaboration, group intelligence openness, and autonomous control, understand and master the latest scientific and technological achievements, build a multi-dimensional knowledge system with information and intelligent technology as the main body, improve the level of thinking, expand the knowledge structure, and vigorously promote the transformation of the “variable” of scientific and technological cognition of strategic capabilities in emerging fields into the “energy” of strong military victory.

Improve capabilities based on practice. A knife needs to be sharpened and a person needs to be trained. To enhance the scientific and technological cognition of strategic capabilities in emerging fields, it is necessary not only to nourish theory and promote the transformation of ideas and concepts, but also to follow the basic law of human cognition movement of “practice, cognition, re-practice, and re-cognition”, make good use of the actual combat “grindstone” to sharpen the wisdom, and promote the scientific and technological cognition of strategic capabilities in emerging fields to a higher level. We must be brave in improving quality and strengthening capabilities in the practice of strengthening the military and training through science and technology. We must persist in learning by doing and learning by doing. We must focus on our main responsibilities and main business, study cutting-edge science and technology based on our posts and positions, and improve our scientific and technological acumen, insight, and response speed. We must enhance our technical understanding of new equipment, new skills, and new tactics, cultivate scientific thinking, master scientific methods, improve our scientific and technological cognition, and cultivate the ideological awareness of strengthening strategic capability building in emerging fields from a scientific and technological perspective. We must keep a close eye on powerful enemies and future battlefields to develop a stronger “scientific and technological mind”, be familiar with our opponents’ scientific and technological achievements, capabilities, and means, accurately grasp the “hard core” and “soft underbelly” of our opponents’ scientific and technological development, adhere to asymmetric thinking, and tailor our struggle strategies and tactics to provide strong guarantees for winning this future high-end war and hybrid war.

(Author’s unit: Military Political Work Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences)

現代國語:

戰爭是物質力量的對抗,更是思想認知力的較量。貫徹落實習主席全面提升新興領域戰略能力的新要求,必須抓住科技認知力這個“牛鼻子”,著眼新一輪科技革命、產業革命和軍事革命加速推進的新態勢,聚焦強軍勝戰加強新興領域戰略性、前沿性、顛覆性技術的研究探索,以對科學技術本質和規律的深刻理解,掌握實現軍隊建設高品質發展,贏得軍事競爭和未來戰爭的主動權,把科技認知力轉化為實實在在的設計戰爭、打贏戰爭能力,在戰略必爭領域中跑出加速度、贏得新優勢。

(一)

理解時代才能理解戰爭。在科技革命與軍事革命融合交叉,科技已成為現代戰爭核心戰力的時代背景下,提升新興領域戰略能力的科技認知力,有助於理解和掌握現代戰爭的特徵規律,更好地駕馭資訊化智慧化戰爭,在新領域新賽道實現彎道超車,以科技優勢贏得軍事競爭優勢、打贏未來高科技戰爭。

引領軍事變革搶佔制高點。聰者聽於無聲,明者見於未形。敏銳洞察新興領域科技發展趨勢走向,拓展戰略前沿技術領域認知邊界,才能做到見之於未萌、識之於未發,下好先手棋、打好主動仗,引領軍事領域要素實現革命性轉型發展。在當今時代,以人工智慧為代表的新興科技「井噴式」湧現,引領並推動軍事智慧以前所未有的速度突飛猛進,正在引發軍事領域鍊式突破,撬動戰爭格局發生根本性轉變。科技創新歷來是時間與速度的賽跑,面對新興領域軍事科技發展的強勁勢頭,我們要致力於搶佔先機、贏得優勢,必須準確把握時代科技大勢,勇於站在人類戰爭和科技發展最前沿,在歷史長河和全球視野中掌握科技發展演變的基本規律,切實找準軍事科技發展的新目標、新領域、新高地,及時找到軍事科技發展的突破口,勇於向軍事科技創新「無人區」進軍,搶佔軍事技術競爭的戰略制高點,以全新的思維理念引領軍事革命實現新突破新跨越。

引領軍事競爭贏得主動權。認知層次高低最終決定軍事競爭格局。目前,世界軍事競爭前線陣地和實力比拼已經延伸到新興領域,把奪取科技優勢作為謀求軍事優勢的戰略舉措。在技​​術上顛覆與反顛覆、突襲與反突襲、抵銷與反抵銷的激烈較量中,科技認知力已成為決定軍事博弈勝負的關鍵變數。如果科技認知力出現代差,就面臨被對手新科技作戰力量超越的風險。在塑造新質戰鬥力上出現技術鴻溝,就很難「改變競技規則」形成軍事競爭優勢。世界近幾場局部戰爭和武裝衝突表明,誰具有領先對手的新興領域戰略能力科技認知力,用科技為戰鬥力賦能,誰就能掌控戰場態勢,並以此實現勝負手的根本轉換。在日益激烈的世界軍事博弈中,奪取新興領域軍事科技發展主動權,佔據高位瞰的有利位勢,必須提高新興領域戰略能力的科技認知力,緊盯科技之變、戰爭之變、對手之變,因勢而謀,應勢而動,順勢而為,超前佈局、超前謀劃,確保在一些重要領域形成獨特優勢,贏得軍事博弈主動權。

引領強軍勝戰制勝未來戰爭。實踐決定認識,是認識的泉源和動力、目的和歸宿。新興領域戰略能力的科技認知力,以推動科技創新和科技運用為實踐指向,根本著眼點是打造新質戰鬥力增長極,主要目的是搶佔戰略競爭制高點,奪取戰爭主動權,最終打贏未來戰爭。當前,新興領域發展呈現全方位多領域縱深推進態勢,科技動態迭代更新頻率加快,鍛造全新殺傷機理的新質戰鬥力,提高國防和軍隊現代化建設的科技含量,必須深刻掌​​握新興領域科技創新發展的關鍵領域,掌握新興領域科技創新發展交叉融合發展新特徵,以打造新質戰鬥力成長極為重點,大力推動自主創新、原始創新,淘汰不適應戰爭形態變化的落後技術,堅持機械化資訊化智慧化發展,提升軍事科技創新應用力,全面提升新興領域戰略能力,打贏如期實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標攻堅戰。

(二)

提升新興領域戰略能力科技認知力,是十分複雜的主觀見之於客觀的理性思考過程。科學準確掌握新興領域科技創新發展的本質屬性與特徵規律,做到知其然又知其所以然,應重點提升新興領域戰略能力的科技預知力、鑑別力、理解力三種能力素質,形成相互支撐、相互配合、相互影響的科學認知能力體系,為全面提升新興領域策略能力提供強大支撐。

瞄準未來戰爭提昇科技預知力。新興領域是未來戰爭的主戰場之一,有些技術一旦突破,影響將是顛覆性的,甚至可能從根本上改變戰爭形態和作戰方式,從根本上改變傳統的戰爭攻防格局。科技從來沒有像今天這樣深刻影響軍隊建設和戰爭勝負,如果科技認知力狹隘,對新興領域前沿技術缺乏戰略性預見和預判,就可能看不懂對手、看不懂戰爭,更談不上打贏未來戰爭。海灣戰爭期間,伊拉克機械化鋼鐵洪流輸給美軍精確導引武器,究其緣由重要的一條是由兩者在新興領域戰略能力科技認知力存在差距造成的。讓思想直達明天的戰場,必須提高科技認知力,緊密追蹤世界先進軍事科技發展方向,及時掌握前沿科技最新動態,科學預測科技發展趨勢,充分運用資料探勘等技術,綜合研判高科技發展給戰爭帶來的革命性影響,搶先佈局新興作戰領域,研發系列高新技術武器裝備,加速戰鬥力科技賦能,為致勝未來戰爭提供堅實的物質基礎。

緊盯制勝​​強敵提高科技鑑別力。戰爭是敵我雙方的生死對抗,新興領域更是作戰雙方角力的重中之重。提升新興領域戰略能力的科技認知力,是防止技術突襲、避免技術陷阱的根本之策。為奪取戰爭主動權,強敵向來不僅以獨特的高新技術武器裝備突襲對手,使其陷入被動挨打的不利處境,更危險的招數在於精心設置技術陷阱,實施戰略欺詐。冷戰美蘇爭霸時期,蘇聯就落入美國「星際大戰計畫」的戰略欺騙陷阱,加速了國力衰退。堅持扭住強敵謀打贏,必須提高新興領域戰略能力的科技鑑別力,要密切跟踪強敵對手科技前沿動態,制定新興領域戰略能力建設突破策略,對強敵宣傳炒作的一些所謂新技術新概念,必須保持高度的技術敏銳度和辨識力,要善於甄別技術真偽、權衡發展利弊及其影響程度,堅持從國情軍情出發開發新興領域戰略資源,使新興領域軍事科技創新成果更好地賦能決策鏈、指揮鍊和戰鬥力生成鏈。

掌握制勝之道提昇科技理解力。強軍勝戰關鍵要掌握致勝之道,在現代科技與軍事深度耦合的背景下,認識並掌握科技成為理解戰爭、設計戰爭、打贏戰爭的必備能力。從人類軍事史來看,正是由於對航空技術、太空技術等原理的透徹認知,杜黑的「制空權」理論、葛拉漢的「高邊疆」理論等戰爭理論才得以產生。同樣,目前如果對人工智慧所具有的人機協同、群智開放、自主操控等新技術缺乏透徹認知,就無法掌握智能化戰爭制勝機理、探索智能作戰新戰法。技術決定戰術。打贏未來戰爭必須著重從科技角度思考戰爭,理解新興領域科技發展對戰爭帶來的影響,並借鑒吸收世界強國軍事科技創新最新成果,研究探索新興領域高新科技支撐現代戰爭的內在機理,探討如何以科技理念和思維把準戰爭制勝規律、如何運用先進科技手段加強新質戰鬥力建設、如何依據科技原理設計戰爭、如何將科技優勢轉化為能力優勢,用科技思維的“鑰匙”開啟勝戰“大門” 。

(三)

全面提升新興領域戰略能力的科技認知力,是一項長期性、系統性的策略工程,必須深刻理解貫徹習主席重要指示精神,把提高官兵科技素養作為一項基礎性工作來抓,以高度的使命擔當、科學的思維理念、有效的方法路徑提升官兵科技認知力,為全面提升新興領域戰略能力,實現我軍高品質發展夯實根基。

加快轉變思想觀念。明者因時而變,知者隨事而製。新興領域軍事科技在改造客觀世界的同時,也深刻改變人們的主觀世界,對傳統的戰爭制勝機理和思維方式形成顛覆性衝擊,內在要求必須轉變思想觀念提昇科技認知力。恩格斯指出:「當科技革命的浪潮正在四周洶湧澎湃的時候……我們需要更新、更勇敢的頭腦。」誰思想保守、因循守舊、固步自封,誰就會錯失寶貴時機,陷於戰略被動,甚至會錯過整整一個時代。我們必須解放思想更新觀念,積極適應當今世界軍事變革的發展趨勢,敏銳感知技術革命帶來的軍事思想革新,勇於改變機械化戰爭的思維定勢,破除守舊守常守成思想束縛,牢固地樹立起信息化智能化戰爭新思維,立起科技強軍制勝的新觀念,注重從科技角度認識戰爭新面貌、發現戰爭新特徵、揭示戰爭新規律,努力把戰爭認知力水準提升到新高度。

涵養科技素養底蘊。科技素養是科學認識和描述客觀世界的能力和科學思考能力,科技素養底蘊的深度,從根本上決定科技認知力高低程度。不懂科技或科技素養不高,對現代戰爭就是霧裡看花、水中觀月,更別說能打仗、打勝仗。提升新興領域戰略能力科技認知力,理解現代高科技戰爭制勝機理,關鍵要在提高官兵科技素養上下功夫,統籌利用軍地科技優勢資源,大力傳播科學精神、普及科學知識,加強現代科技特別是軍事科技知識的學習,深入研究人工智慧、大數據、區塊鏈、量子科技等尖端技術,深刻認識人工智慧深度學習、跨界融合、人機協同、群智開放、自主操控等新特點,了解並掌握最新科技成果,建構以資訊化、智慧化科技為主體的多維知識體系,提升思維層次、拓展知識結構,強力推進新興領域戰略能力的科技認知力這個「變數」向強軍勝戰“能量”轉化。

立足實踐提高能力。刀要磨,人要練。提升新興領域戰略能力的科技認知力,既需要理論滋養促進思想理念轉型,更要遵循「實踐、認識、再實踐、再認識」的人類認識運動基本規律,用好實戰「磨刀石」砥礪智慧鋒芒,推動新興領域戰略能力的科技認知力向更高一級躍進。要勇於在科技強軍、科技強訓實踐中提質強能,堅持學中乾乾中學,聚焦主責主業、立足崗位戰位鑽研前沿科技,提高科技敏銳度、洞察力和響應速度;增強對新裝備、新技能、新戰法的技術理解,培育科學思維、掌握科學方法,提高科技認知力,培塑從科技視角加強新興領域戰略能力建設的思想意識;緊盯強敵對手和未來戰場練就更加強大的“科技頭腦”,熟悉對手的科技成果、科技能力和科技手段,精準把脈對手科技發展的“硬核”和“軟肋”,堅持非對稱思想量身定制鬥爭策略和戰法,為打贏這場未來高端戰爭、混合戰爭提供有力保障。

(作者單位:軍事科學院軍事政治工作研究院)

中國原創軍事資源:https://www.81.cn/szb_223187/gfbszbxq/index.html?paperName=zggfb&paperDate=2024-06-03&paperNumber=03&articleid=932888