習近平強軍思想丨論建立創新人民軍隊：創新者勝

現代英語：

Only innovators win – on building an innovative people’s army

39. Why is innovation the core competitiveness of an army?

The 19th CPC National Congress clearly proposed the epoch-making proposition of “building an innovative people’s army”, which is the first time in the history of the Party. From proposing to accelerate the construction of an innovative country to proposing to build an innovative people’s army, our Party has emphasized that innovation should be placed at the core of the overall national development and the overall military construction and development, highlighting the extreme importance and practical urgency of innovation for a strong country and a strong army. Innovation is the soul of a country’s development and progress, and it is also the soul of an army’s development and progress. To grasp innovation is to grasp development, and to plan for innovation is to plan for the future. President Xi Jinping stressed that innovation capability is the core competitiveness of an army, and that we must thoroughly implement the innovation-driven development strategy and increase the contribution of innovation to the growth of combat effectiveness.

The military field is the field with the most innovative vitality and the most need for innovative spirit. Marxism believes that war develops earlier than peace, and the military is in a leading position in many aspects of human activities. Advanced technologies are often first applied to the military field. At the same time, the military field is the field with the most intense competition and confrontation. There is always a life-and-death contest between the enemy and us, between attack and defense, spear and shield, and a war drama of wits and courage. If you are one step ahead of others in innovation, you can control others instead of being controlled by them. As Engels said, “Every great commander in the history of war who has created a new era by adopting new methods of warfare has either invented new material means himself, or has been the first to discover the correct method of applying new material means invented before him.” At the end of the 16th century, the British Navy applied new battleships and innovative naval tactics to defeat the Spanish “Invincible Fleet” in one fell swoop, ushering in an era of maritime hegemony; in the late 19th century and early 20th century, Germany applied the latest achievements of the Second Industrial Revolution to military construction and built the most densely populated railway network in Europe, greatly improving the military’s combat readiness and mobility. History has shown that only innovators can advance, become strong and win. Those who are conservative and complacent will miss precious opportunities and fall into strategic passivity.

Innovation capability is an accelerator for generating and improving combat effectiveness. The core of combat effectiveness is people. If people have strong innovation capability, they can “empower” various elements of combat effectiveness, thereby achieving the upgrade of combat effectiveness and forming the “optimal solution” to defeat the enemy. In the final analysis, the competition in war is the competition of innovation capability of both combatants, and the gap in combat capability is essentially the gap in innovation capability. In 1806, the Prussian army was defeated by the French army led by Napoleon in the Battle of Jena. Clausewitz, who participated in the battle, pointed out in summarizing the reasons for the Prussian army’s defeat that middle and senior officers rarely realized that the characteristics of war had undergone fundamental changes. “The Battle of Jena is not only an example of outdated style, but also an example of extreme lack of imagination caused by sticking to the old ways.” The lack of imagination reflects the shortcomings of innovation. If the innovation ability is improved, it will accelerate the formation of new driving forces for the development of combat effectiveness, maximize the vitality of various elements of combat effectiveness, and promote the geometric growth of combat effectiveness.

Our army has come to where it is today through innovation, and we will also rely on innovation to win the future. In the process of combining Marxist military theory, the practice of China’s revolutionary war and the construction of the people’s army, and the traditional Chinese military tactics, our party has relied on continuous innovation to gradually form a complete set of principles and systems for building and governing the army, created the strategy and tactics of the people’s war, and formed the unique advantages of our army. It can be said that innovation has been deeply integrated into the red blood of the people’s army and has become the most distinctive spiritual endowment of our army. In today’s era, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution, and military revolution are accelerating, providing us with a rare opportunity to catch up with the latecomers, and also putting forward higher requirements for our comprehensive implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy. In the past, the development of our military construction was mainly driven by investment factors, which was necessary under certain historical conditions. However, today, it is difficult to continue to rely on large-scale investment increases, which has limited effects and diminishing marginal utility. To keep up with the pace of world military development, break through the bottleneck constraints of military construction, and comprehensively create new development advantages, what is most needed is innovation, and the fundamental way out lies in innovation. We must start the new engine of innovation-driven development at full speed, make great efforts to grasp theoretical innovation, scientific and technological innovation, scientific management, talent gathering, and practical innovation, and establish a set of new military theories, organizational structures, equipment systems, strategies and tactics, and management models that are adapted to the requirements of informationized warfare and mission fulfillment, promote changes in the quality, efficiency, and driving force of our military construction and develop, truly accelerate, build high quality, and speed up the effective supply of advanced combat capabilities.

40. Why should we vigorously promote the innovation of Marxist military theory?

In May 1938, the nationwide war of resistance had been going on for 10 months. Facing the massive attack of the Japanese army, the “national destruction theory” and “quick victory theory” were once very popular. Can China achieve the final victory? How can it achieve victory? How will the course of the war develop? These questions troubled people’s minds. At the critical juncture of the survival of the Chinese nation, Comrade Mao Zedong published the famous “On Protracted War”, which was like a ray of light, giving great encouragement and confidence to the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians who were fighting hard. All problems of the hostility between the two armies depend on war to be solved. A strong army must be guided by scientific theory. President Xi pointed out that we should vigorously promote the innovation of Marxist military theory, accelerate the formation of a military theory system that is contemporary, leading and unique, and provide scientific theoretical support for the practice of strengthening the military.

Scientific military theory is combat effectiveness. Military theory is a rational understanding and knowledge system about war, the army and national defense. Scientific military theory reveals the laws of war, the laws of war guidance and the laws of army building, guides the construction and use of military forces, has a profound impact on the elements of combat effectiveness, and leads the development of military practice. After the end of World War I, British military theorist Fuller proposed the theory of mechanized warfare, but it was not taken seriously. In the early days of World War II, the German army swept across Europe because of the tank cluster and the “blitzkrieg” theory. Although the weapons and equipment of the British and French armies at that time were almost the same as those of the German army, due to the obsolete and rigid combat theories, the British and French coalition forces soon fell into passivity and could only retreat from Dunkirk, and France quickly fell. Looking back at the history of military development, theoretical innovation has played a significant leading role in practical innovation. Mahan’s “sea power” theory, Douhet’s “air supremacy” theory, Tukhachevsky’s “deep and deep operations” theory, Graham’s “high frontier” theory, etc., have all led the military trend, promoted military reforms, and changed the face of war. “Thoughts precede actions, just as lightning precedes thunder.” Advanced military theory is an ideological weapon that correctly guides war. Whoever is one step ahead in military theory innovation is more likely to seize the initiative to win.

The key to the continuous growth and development of the People’s Army is that it always adheres to the guidance of advanced military theory. One of the important reasons why our army can fight and win battles is that it wins in theory and strategy, learns war from war, and explores laws from practice. During the Jinggangshan struggle period, our party developed the strategy and tactics of guerrilla warfare based on the characteristics of the enemy’s strength and our weakness, and preserved and developed itself. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression , our party implemented the strategic policy of “basically guerrilla warfare, but not relaxing mobile warfare under favorable conditions”, dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders, and strengthened and developed itself. During the Liberation War, our party did not care about the gains and losses of a city or a place, and exchanged space for time, and concentrated superior forces to fight a war of destruction, defeated the Kuomintang army, and ushered in the birth of New China. After Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan, he reflected on the military competition between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party for decades, saying that the reason why the Communist army was able to win the war was because it emphasized the distinction between the extraordinary and the orthodox, the virtual and the real, and the application of changes, and constantly promoted innovation. In long-term practice, our party has combined the basic principles of Marxism with the practice of China’s revolutionary war and the construction of the people’s army, created Marxist military theoretical achievements with Chinese characteristics, and formed Mao Zedong’s Military Thought , Deng Xiaoping’s Thought on Military Construction in the New Era, Jiang Zemin’s Thought on National Defense and Army Construction, Hu Jintao’s Thought on National Defense and Army Construction, and Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army, providing a scientific guide for winning the victory of China’s revolutionary war and promoting the modernization of national defense and the army.

Knowledge Links

Ten Military Principles

In December 1947, Comrade Mao Zedong put forward ten major military principles in his report “The Current Situation and Our Tasks”, the main contents of which are summarized as follows: (1) First attack the dispersed and isolated enemy, then attack the concentrated and powerful enemy. (2) First capture small cities, medium-sized cities and vast rural areas, then capture large cities. (3) The main goal is to destroy the enemy’s living forces, not to preserve or seize cities and places. ( 4) In every battle, concentrate an absolutely superior force to encircle the enemy on all sides, strive to completely destroy it and not let any escape. (5) Do not fight a battle without preparation or without confidence every battle, we should strive to be prepared and strive to be sure of victory based on the comparison of the enemy’s conditions and ours. (6) Carry forward the style of fighting bravely, fearing no sacrifice, fearing no fatigue, and engaging in continuous fighting. (7) Strive to destroy the enemy in the process of movement. At the same time, focus on positional attack tactics and seize the enemy’s strongholds and cities. (8) In the matter of siege, all enemy strongholds and cities with weak defenses must be seized resolutely. enemy strongholds and cities with moderate defenses and conditions that allow them to be seized must be seized immediately. All enemy strongholds and cities with strong defenses must be seized only when conditions are ripe. (9) Capture all the enemy’s weapons and most of the enemy’s personnel to replenish our own forces. (10) Make good use of the interval between two campaigns to rest and retrain the troops.

New military practice calls for new military theory. Theory comes from practice, and practice is the driving force for the development of theory. Military theory can only maintain strong vitality if it keeps up with the times and responds to practice. In recent years, emerging fields and battlefield space have been continuously expanded, high-tech has penetrated into the military field in many ways, the war form and combat methods have accelerated evolution, and new war and combat theories have emerged in an endless stream. The US military has proposed “network-centric warfare”, “global rapid strike”, and “all-domain warfare”, the Russian military has proposed “non-nuclear containment strategy” and “strategic air and space campaign”, and the Japanese Self-Defense Forces have proposed the “cross-domain defense” theory, etc., all of which are aimed at winning new military advantages through theoretical innovation. The rapid development of the new military revolution in the world and the in-depth advancement of our military strengthening and military rejuvenation practices have put forward urgent requirements for innovation in military theory and provided broad space. Our military construction and development are facing a large number of new situations and new problems, which urgently need to be answered theoretically. Whether it is innovation in military strategy, innovation in military science and technology, or innovation in other aspects of military, they are inseparable from theoretical guidance. It is imperative and urgent to accelerate the modernization of military theory. We must have a broader vision and a longer-term perspective, firmly grasp the issues of war and combat, promote innovation in military theory, and constantly open up new horizons for the development of contemporary Chinese Marxist military theory.

41. Why is science and technology the core combat capability?

In February 2018, a brand-new organization in the Chinese military, the Military Scientific Research Steering Committee of the Central Military Commission, was formally established. Together with the previously established Science and Technology Committee of the Central Military Commission, a new top-level structure for military scientific research work was established. The Academy of Military Sciences has been reorganized and reorganized. With the Academy of Military Sciences as the leader, the military and military scientific research institutions as the backbone, and the scientific research forces of colleges and troops as the auxiliary, our military’s new scientific research system is accelerating to take shape. This series of major measures marks a new step taken by our army on the road to strengthening the military through science and technology, and shows that our party’s understanding of the strategic position of science and technology in national defense and military construction has risen to a new height. President Xi profoundly pointed out that science and technology are the core combat effectiveness, and to promote the modernization of national defense and the military, we must activate the powerful engine of scientific and technological innovation.

Science and technology are the most active and revolutionary factors in military development. Marxism believes that science is a “powerful lever of history” and a “revolutionary force in the highest sense.” Scientific and technological progress not only profoundly changes human production and lifestyle, but also profoundly affects the direction of world military development, and fundamentally promotes the military development process in all aspects. Engels pointed out: “As soon as technological advances can be used for military purposes and have been used for military purposes, they immediately, almost forcibly, and often against the will of the commander, cause changes or even revolutions in the way of combat.” Looking at the world In the history of military development, the main technologies supporting military struggles include bronze smelting and iron casting in the cold weapon age, gunpowder and firearm manufacturing in the hot weapon age, internal combustion engines and electricity in the mechanization age, and computers and communications in the information age. The widespread application of science and technology in the military field will inevitably lead to profound changes in the shape of war and methods of combat. Every major scientific and technological innovation in history has initiated a new military revolution, and every military revolution has pushed military development into a new era.

Science and technology are an important basis for generating and improving combat effectiveness. The basic components of combat effectiveness are people, weapons and equipment, and the combination of people and weapons and equipment. Science and technology are not independent elements of combat effectiveness, but they are always integrated into and condensed into various elements of combat effectiveness in various ways and forms, greatly promoting the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. From a human perspective, in the development chain of “physical fitness-skill-intelligence” of military personnel, scientific and technological quality increasingly constitutes the most important factor in their overall quality. Without high scientific and technological literacy and military skills, even weapons and equipment cannot be operated. No, let alone being able to fight and win wars. From the perspective of weapons and equipment, it is the physical manifestation of science and technology in the military field. Science and technology have become a “multiplier” for the combat effectiveness of weapons and equipment. From the perspective of the integration of people and weapons and equipment, science and technology have spawned new military theories and prompted the continuous adjustment and reform of the military system. They are the “catalyst” to achieve the optimal combination of people and weapons and equipment. Generally speaking, the development and progress of science and technology is the main force that promotes the demise of the elements of the old combat effectiveness system and the construction of new combat effectiveness system elements, greatly shortening the cycle of generating and improving combat effectiveness, and promoting the leap of new quality combat effectiveness.

Science and technology have an increasing impact on the outcome of modern wars. At present, science and technology are developing faster and faster, and global scientific and technological innovation is unprecedentedly active. Major powers regard seizing scientific and technological advantages as a strategic measure to seek military advantage. The military game between great powers is largely reflected in technological subversion and counter-subversion, raids and counter-raids, offsets and counter-offsets. Once some technologies achieve breakthroughs, their impact will be disruptive, and may even fundamentally change the shape and methods of warfare, and fundamentally change the traditional offensive and defensive pattern of war. We are in a period of historical convergence where the world’s scientific and technological revolution and military revolution are developing rapidly, and the cause of strengthening and rejuvenating the military is in-depth advancement. Technology has never had such a profound impact on the overall national security and military strategy as it does today, and has never had such a profound impact on the construction and development of our military as it does today. We must promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance, give full play to the strategic supporting role of science and technology in our military construction, put national defense scientific and technological innovation in a more prominent position, adhere to the strategic basis of independent innovation, enhance scientific and technological awareness, innovation, and application capabilities, and strive to Seize the initiative in military development and the right to win future wars.

▶A big country like ours and an army like ours must take the initiative through independent innovation.

▶Real core and key technologies cannot be bought with money. Importing weapons and equipment is unreliable, and importing imitations will not go far.

▶Independent innovation must be fought for, and this battle must be won.

42. How to understand the promotion of a military management revolution centered on effectiveness?

In June 2020, with the approval of the Central Military Commission, the entire military held a strategic management training. This was the first high-level, large-scale training event organized by our military with strategic management as the theme. More than a month later, during the 22nd collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, President Xi clearly pointed out that it is necessary to update management concepts, improve strategic literacy, improve systems and mechanisms, smooth strategic management links, and substantively advance military management revolution. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission have placed the strengthening of military management in a strategic position, actively built a new military management system, and started a new process of revolution in our military management in the new era.

Whether the army can fight and win wars, management often plays a key role. No matter how good the theoretical guidance of an army is, no matter how good the weapons and equipment are, and no matter how many combatants there are, if the management is in a mess and all the elements cannot integrate and play a role, it will not be able to win the war, and it may even be impossible to win the war. Scientific and efficient management is of great significance for reducing military construction costs, improving military system operation efficiency, and enhancing combat effectiveness. During the Gulf War, the U.S. Department of Defense shipped about 40,000 containers to the frontline armies. Due to imprecise management and inaccurate support, many material categories and recipient information were unknown. More than 20,000 of them had to be reopened and counted until the end of the war. There are still more than 8,000 containers that have not been opened. Modern war practice has fully proved that as the military organizational structure becomes increasingly complex, professional division of labor becomes more refined, and military operations become more systematic, this requires us to pay more attention to the role of management in military operations and construction and improve the professionalization of military management. , refined and scientific level.

The purpose of the military management revolution is to improve the operational efficiency of military systems and the efficiency of the use of national defense resources. Military management is the overall and basic work of national defense and military construction. Its essence is to organically integrate all military units and elements to fundamentally improve the effectiveness of combat effectiveness. Extensive management is a prominent problem that has long restricted the development of our military’s construction. In particular, our military’s construction is at a critical stage of accelerating shifting gears and improving quality and efficiency. In addition, the construction management model has undergone great changes after the reform, and the promotion of efficiency-oriented The core military management revolution and improving the precision-oriented management system are the inevitable choices for strengthening the scientific management of the military. With efficiency as the core, all management practices are inherently required to adhere to quality first, efficiency first, and strive to increase the effective supply of combat effectiveness. To be precision-oriented means to achieve precise planning, precise planning, precise deployment, precise implementation, and precise inspection, and to apply the principle of precision throughout the entire process of all aspects of management. In advancing the reform of military policies and systems, our army has implemented fundamental changes in traditional management methods and proposed reform measures in strategic management, military expenditure management, organizational management, equipment management, material management, and troop education management. The purpose is to form a precise An efficient, comprehensively standardized, and rigidly constrained military management policy system will improve the operational efficiency of the military system, the effectiveness of the use of national defense resources, and the effectiveness of the construction and application of military forces.

Military management must tightly grasp the pivot of strategic management. As the highest-level management of national defense and military construction, strategic management is a macro-management activity that manages the overall situation, long-term management, and major events. It plans and designs the investment of military resources from the top level. Whether strategic management is scientific or not directly affects the quality and efficiency of national defense and military construction. Back then, we achieved “two bombs and one satellite” under very difficult circumstances. We spent much less money than foreign countries, but the efficiency was very high. The important reason was that we gave full play to our country’s institutional advantages and used systems engineering methods to organize In order to carry out this work, a unique strategic management mechanism was explored. Today’s acceleration of national defense and military modernization requires further strengthening of strategic management. A new strategic management system has been established, but the relevant systems and mechanisms are not yet complete. We must adhere to goal orientation, problem orientation, and result orientation, and further open up the strategic management link of “demand-planning-budget-execution-evaluation”. Among them, demand is the driving force, clarifying the direction and requirements of combat capabilities; planning is the leading role, determining construction goals and tasks and resource allocation; budget is the key, and is the “funding version” of the planning plan; execution is the focus, which is the implementation of construction projects and the allocation of resources. The application of input; evaluation is the support and the measurement of construction quality and efficiency. By improving the strategic management link, demand-driven planning and planning-led resource allocation will become rigid constraints on our military’s construction, forming a smooth and efficient strategic management closed loop to promote the high-quality development of our military’s construction.

現代國語：

唯創新者勝－關於建設創新型人民軍隊

39.為什麼說創新是軍隊的核心競爭力？

黨的十九大明確提出「建設創新人民軍隊」的劃時代命題，這在黨的歷史上還是第一次。從提出加速建設創新國家到提出建設創新型人民軍隊，我們黨強調要把創新置於國家發展全局和軍隊建設發展全局的核心位置，凸顯了創新的極端重要性和現實意義。刻不容緩。創新是一個國家發展進步的靈魂，也是一支軍隊發展進步的靈魂。抓創新就是抓發展，謀創新就是謀未來。習近平主席強調，創新能力是軍隊的核心競爭力，必須深入實施創新驅動發展策略，提高創新對戰鬥力成長的貢獻。

軍事領域是最具創新活力、最需要創新精神的領域。馬克思主義認為，戰爭早於和平發展，軍隊在人類活動的許多方面處於主導地位。先進技術往往首先應用於軍事領域。同時，軍事領域又是競爭和對抗最激烈的領域。敵我之間、攻與守、矛與盾之間，始終存在著一場你死我活的較量，一場鬥智的戰爭大戲。如果你在創新上領先別人一步，你就能控制別人而不是被別人控制。正如恩格斯所說：「戰爭史上每一位採用新戰爭方法開創新時代的偉大統帥，要么是他自己發明了新的物質手段，要么是第一個發現了運用前人發明的新物質手段的正確方法。 16世紀末，英國海軍運用新型戰艦和創新海軍戰術，一舉擊敗西班牙“無敵艦隊”，開啟了海上霸權時代； 19世紀末20世紀初，德國將第二次工業革命的最新成果運用到軍事建設中，建造了歐洲人口最密集的鐵路網，大大提高了軍隊的戰備性和機動性。歷史證明，只有創新者才能前進，只有創新者才能強大，只有創新者才能獲勝。保守、自滿的人就會錯失寶貴的機遇，陷入戰略被動。

創新能力是產生和提高戰鬥力的加速器。戰鬥力的核心是人。人如果擁有強大的創新能力，就可以對戰鬥力的各個要素進行“賦能”，從而實現戰鬥力的升級，形成克敵制勝的“最優方案”。戰爭的競爭歸根到底是參戰雙方創新能力的競爭，作戰能力的差距本質上就是創新能力的差距。 1806年，普魯士軍隊在耶拿戰役中被拿破崙率領的法軍擊敗。參與戰鬥的克勞塞維茨在總結普魯士軍隊失敗的原因時指出，中高級軍官很少意識到戰爭的特徵已經發生了根本性的變化。 「耶拿戰役不僅是風格落伍的一個例子，也是因循守舊而導致想像力極度缺乏的一個例子。”想像力的缺乏體現了創新的短板。創新能力提高，將加速形成戰鬥力發展新動能，最大限度激發戰鬥力各要素活力，推動戰鬥力幾何級增長。

我軍靠創新走到了今天，我們也將靠創新贏得未來。在馬克思主義軍事理論同中國革命戰爭和人民軍隊建設實踐與中國傳統軍事戰術相結合的過程中，我們黨依靠不斷創新，逐步形成了一整套建設和建設軍隊的完整原則和體系。了人民戰爭的戰略戰術，形成了我軍的獨特優勢。可以說，創新已經深深融入人民軍隊的紅色血液，成為我軍最鮮明的精神稟賦。當今時代，新一輪科技革命、產業革命、軍事革命正在加速推進，為我們提供了後來者追趕的難得機遇，一個地方，一個地方，以空間換時間，集中優勢兵力打一場毀滅性戰爭，打敗了國民黨軍隊，迎來了新中國的誕生。蔣介石退守台灣後，反思國共幾十年的軍事競爭，說共軍之所以能打贏戰爭，是因為強調了非凡與普通的區別。我們黨在長期實踐中，把馬克思主義基本原理同我國革命戰爭和人民軍隊建設實踐結合起來，創造了中國特色馬克思主義軍事理論成果，形成了毛澤東軍事思想、鄧小平軍事思想。國防與軍隊建設思想、胡錦濤國防與軍隊建設思想、習近平強軍思想，為贏得我國革命戰爭勝利、促進國防與軍隊現代化。

知識連結

十大軍事原則

1947年12月，毛澤東同志在《當前形勢和我們的任務》報告中提出了十大軍事原則，其主要內容概括如下：（一）先打擊分散、孤立的敵人，再打擊集中的敵人。的敵人。 （2）先攻占小城市、中等城市和廣大農村，然後攻占大城市。 （3）主要目標是消滅敵人的生力軍，而不是保全或奪取城市和地方。 （四）每次戰鬥，集中絕對優勢兵力，對敵人進行四麵包圍，力爭徹底殲滅，不放過敵人。 （五）不打無準備的仗，每戰都沒有信心，要努力做好準備，根據敵我情況的比較，力爭必勝。 （六）發揚勇猛、不怕犧牲、不怕疲倦、持續戰鬥的作風。 (7)力爭在運動過程中消滅敵人。同時，注重陣地攻擊戰術，奪取敵方據點和城市。 （八）在攻城方面，凡是敵方據點和防禦薄弱的城市，必須堅決奪取。凡是防禦力中等、條件允許奪取的敵人據點和城市，必須立即奪取。凡是敵人的據點和防禦堅固的城市，只有在條件成熟時才可以攻克。 （九）繳獲敵軍全部武器及大部分人員，以補充己方兵力。 （十）充分利用兩次戰役之間的間隙，對部隊進行休息和再訓練。

新的軍事實踐呼喚新的軍事理論。理論來自於實踐，實踐是理論發展的動力。軍事理論只有與時俱進、回應實踐，才能維持旺盛的生命力。近年來，新興領域和戰場空間不斷拓展，高新技術多方式滲透到軍事領域，戰爭形態和作戰方式加速演變，新的戰爭和作戰理論層出不窮。美軍提出“網路中心戰”、“全球快速打擊”、“全局戰”，俄軍提出“非核遏制戰略”、“戰略空天戰役”，日本提出“戰略空天作戰”。防禦」理論等，都是為了透過理論創新贏得新的軍事優勢。世界新軍事革命快速發展和我軍強軍興軍實踐深入推進，對軍事理論創新提出了迫切要求，提供了廣闊空間。我軍建設發展面臨大量新情況、新問題，亟待從理論上予以解答。無論是軍事戰略創新、軍事科技創新，或是軍事其他方面的創新，都離不開理論指引。加速軍事理論現代化勢在必行。我們必須以更廣闊的視野和更長遠的眼光，牢牢掌握戰爭和戰鬥問題，推動軍事理論創新，不斷開闢當代中國馬克思主義軍事理論發展新天地。

41.為什麼說科學技術是核心戰鬥力？

2018年2月，中國軍隊中一個嶄新的機構－中央軍委軍事科學研究指導委員會正式成立，連同先前成立的中央軍委科學技術委員會，立起了軍事科研工作的全新頂層架構。軍事科學院重新調整組建，以軍事科學院為龍頭、軍兵種科研機構為骨幹、院校和部隊科研力量為輔助，我軍全新的科研體係正在加速形成。這一系列重大舉措，標志我軍在科技強軍道路上邁出了新步伐，表明我們黨對科學技術在國防和軍隊建設中戰略地位的認識上升到新高度。習主席深刻指出，科學技術是核心戰鬥力，推進國防和軍隊現代化必須把科技創新這個強大引擎發動起來。

科學技術是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。馬克思主義認為，科學是“歷史的強大的槓桿”，是“最高意義上的革命力量”。科技進步不僅深刻改變人類的生產生活方式，也深刻影響世界軍事發展走向，全方位根本性地推動軍事發展進程。恩格斯指出：「一旦技術上的進步可以用於軍事目的並且已經用於軍事目的，它們便立刻幾乎強制地，而且往往是違反指揮官的意志而引起作戰方式上的改變甚至變革。」縱觀世界軍事發展史，支撐軍事鬥爭的主要科技，冷兵器時代是青銅冶煉、鐵器鑄造，熱兵器時代是火藥、火器製造，機械化時代是內燃機、電力，資訊化時代是計算機、通訊。科學技術在軍事領域的廣泛應用，必然引起戰爭形態和作戰方式的深刻變化。歷史上每一次重大科學技術創新，都開啟了一場新的軍事變革，而每一場軍事變革都把軍事發展推向新的時代。

科學技術是生成和提高戰鬥力的重要基礎。戰鬥力的基本構成要素是人、武器裝備以及人與武器裝備的結合方式。科學技術不是戰鬥力構成的獨立要素，但它始終以各種方式和形態融入並凝結在戰鬥力各要素中，極大地促進戰鬥力的生成和提升。從人的方面來看，在軍人「體能-技能-智能」的發展鏈中，科技素質越來越構成其整體素質中最重要的因素，沒有較高的科技素養和軍事技能，連武器裝備也操作不了，更別說能打仗、打勝仗了。從武器裝備來看，本身就是科學技術在軍事領域的物化表現，科學技術已成為武器裝備作戰效能的「倍增器」。從人與武器裝備的結合面來看，科學技術催生新的軍事理論，促使軍隊體制編制不斷調整變革，是實現人與武器裝備最佳結合的「催化劑」。總的來看，科學技術的發展進步，是推動舊戰鬥力體係要素消亡和新戰鬥力體係要素構建的主要力量，大大縮短戰鬥力生成和提高的周期，促進新質戰鬥力的飛躍。

科學技術對現代戰爭勝負的影響日益上升。當前，科學技術發展速度越來越快，全球科技創新空前活躍，主要大國都把奪取科技優勢作為謀求軍事優勢的戰略舉措。大國軍事博弈很大程度上體現為技術上的顛覆和反顛覆、突襲和反突襲、抵消和反抵消。有些技術一旦取得突破，影響將是顛覆性的，甚至可能從根本上改變戰爭形態和作戰方式，從根本上改變傳統的戰爭攻防格局。我們正處在世界科技革命和軍事革命迅猛發展、強軍興軍事業深入推進的歷史交匯期。科技從來沒有像今天這樣深刻影響國家安全和軍事戰略全局，從來沒有像今天這樣深刻影響我軍建設發展。必須推進高水準科技自立自強，充分發揮科技對我軍建設戰略支撐作用，把國防科技創新擺在更加突出的位置，堅持自主創新這個戰略基點，增強科技認知力、創新力、運用力，努力把握軍事發展主動權、未來戰爭制勝權。

習言習語

▶我們這樣一個大國、這樣一支軍隊，必須透過自主創新掌握主動。

▶真正的核心關鍵技術是花錢買不來的，靠進口武器裝備是靠不住的，走引進仿製的路子是走不遠的。

▶自主創新這口氣一定要爭，這場仗一定要打贏。

42.如何理解推進以效能為核心的軍事管理革命？

2020年6月，經中央軍委批准，全軍舉行戰略管理集訓，這是我軍首次以戰略管理為專題組織的高層次、大範圍集訓活動。一個多月後，在十九屆中央政治局第二十二次集體學習時，習主席明確指出，要更新管理理念，提高戰略素養，健全制度機制，暢通戰略管理鏈路，實質性推進軍事管理革命。黨的十八大以來，黨中央、中央軍委把加強軍事管理擺在戰略位置，積極建構新型軍事管理體系，開啟新時代我軍管理革命新進程。

軍隊能不能打仗、打勝仗，管理往往扮演關鍵角色。一支軍隊，理論指導再好，武器裝備再好，戰鬥人員再多，如果管理一團糟，各項要素不能集成發揮作用，也是打不了勝仗的，甚至可能是打不了仗的。科學高效的管理，對於降低軍隊建設成本、提高軍事系統運作效率、增強戰鬥力，具有十分重要的意義。海灣戰爭中，美國國防部給予前線陸軍運送的約4萬個集裝箱，由於管理不精細、保障不精準，許多物資類別、收件資訊不明，只得將其中2萬多個重新打開清點，直到戰爭結束還有8000多個集裝箱沒有打開。現代戰爭實踐充分證明，隨著軍隊組織結構日益復雜，專業分工更加精細，軍事行動的系統性大大增強，這就要求我們更加註重發揮管理在軍隊作戰、建設中的作用，提高軍事管理的專業化、精進、科學化程度。

軍事管理革命的目的是提升軍事系統運作效能和國防資源使用效益。軍事管理是國防和軍隊建設的全局性、基礎性工作，其實質就是要把所有軍事單元和要素有機整合起來，從根本上提高戰鬥力的生成效能。管理粗放是長期制約我軍建設發展的一個突出問題，特別是我軍建設正處在換擋加速、提質增效的關鍵階段，加上改革後建設管理模式發生很大變化，推進以效能為核心的軍事管理革命，健全以精準為導向的管理體系，是加強軍隊科學管理的必然選擇。以效能為核心，內在要求一切管理實踐堅持品質第一、效益優先，著力增加戰鬥力有效供給。以精準為導向，就是要做到精準謀劃、精準規劃、精準部署、精準落實、精準檢驗，把精準原則貫穿管理各方面全過程。我軍在推進軍事政策制度改革中，對傳統管理方式實行根本性變革，從戰略管理、軍費管理、組織編制管理、裝備管理、物資管理、部隊教育管理等方面提出改革舉措，目的就是要形成精準高效率、全面規範、剛性約束的軍事管理政策制度，提升軍事系統運作效率、國防資源運用效益及軍事力量建設運用效能。

軍事管理必須緊緊扭轉戰略管理這個樞紐。戰略管理作為國防和軍隊建設最高層次的管理，是管全局、管長遠、管大事的宏觀管理活動，從頂層規劃和設計軍事資源的投向投量。戰略管理是否科學，直接影響國防和軍隊建設品質效益。當年我們在十分困難的情況下搞成了“兩彈一星”，花的錢比外國少得多，效率卻很高，很重要的原因是充分發揮我國的製度優勢，用系統工程的方法組織了這項工作，探索了一套獨具特色的策略管理機制。今天加速國防和軍隊現代化，需要進一步加強戰略管理。新的策略管理體制立起來了，但相關制度機制還不完善，必須堅持目標導向、問題導向、結果導向，進一步打通「需求-規劃-預算-執行-評估」的戰略管理連結。其中，需求是牽引，明確作戰能力指向和要求；規劃是主導，決定建設目標任務和資源配置；預算是關鍵，是規劃計劃的「經費版」；執行是重心，是建設項目的實施和對資源投入的運用；評估是支撐，是對建設品質效益的衡量。透過完善戰略管理鏈路，使需求牽引規劃、規劃主導資源配置成為我軍建設的剛性約束，形成順暢高效的戰略管理閉合迴路，推動我軍建設高質量發展。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/10189839.html?big=fan

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