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China’s Military Era of Intelligence Calls for Training to Transform into “Smart Warfare”

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中國軍事智能化時代呼喚訓練向「智慧戰爭」轉型

現代英語：

Zeng Haiqing

introduction

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and military revolution is developing rapidly. Disruptive technologies represented by artificial intelligence are accelerating the evolution of war to intelligent warfare. Winning intelligent warfare has gradually become the focus of military competition among powerful countries. As a pre-practice of war, military training should take a new step towards intelligence in a timely manner, realize the transformation to “intelligence”, train soldiers with “intelligence”, continuously improve the scientific and technological level and “intelligence content” of military training, and help accelerate the generation of intelligent combat capabilities.

Keeping up with the changes in the war situation, upgrading the concept of intelligent training

With the acceleration of the intelligent era, high-tech has been widely used in the military field, which is causing major changes in the concept, elements and methods of winning wars. The size of the army and the number of equipment are no longer the key to winning a war. It is imperative to upgrade the war thinking and training concepts. We should follow the development trend of intelligence with a more proactive attitude and a more open vision, and advocate new thinking in intelligent military training.

Grasp the internal mechanism of intelligent victory. The winning mechanism is the manifestation of the internal laws of war. Driven by the intelligent revolution, driven by strategic competition, and guided by war practice, the advantages of information-generated intelligence and intelligence-enabled capabilities are becoming increasingly apparent, reflected in actuarial science, jointness, systems, and other aspects. To a certain extent, it can be said that the higher the “intelligence”, the higher the quality level of combat and training can be. Therefore, an army whose training thinking remains at the mechanized level will never be able to keep up with the pace of intelligent warfare no matter how it is trained. We should have a “brain storm” with the courage of self-revolution, upgrade the concept of intelligent warfare, strengthen the theoretical research of intelligent training, deal with the problems of mechanized, informationized, and intelligent warfare with the thinking of training troops with “intelligence”, organically connect training and fighting, design wars with advanced technology, and rehearse wars with intelligent means, so as to clear up the fog of intelligent warfare.

Establish the goal of “strengthening the strong”. At present, the military of developed countries is implementing a training transformation with an emphasis on intelligence, trying to further widen the gap in combat power with the military of other countries. Once the military gap is widened, it will be difficult to make up. If you can’t keep up, you may be completely controlled by others. Only by keeping a close eye on the opponent can you surpass the opponent. We must highlight the goal of “strengthening the strong” in military training, and improve the level of military intelligence and asymmetric combat capabilities in training.

Strengthen the goal positioning of science and technology empowerment. Science and technology are the core combat power. Driven by science and technology, the combat power form has leaped from mechanical energy type and information energy type to intelligent type. Traditional siege-style large-scale troop operations are gradually withdrawing from the historical stage, and cutting-edge competition in high-tech and emerging fields is becoming increasingly fierce. If military training does not improve its scientific and technological content, it will only be able to linger at a low level and it will be difficult to open the door to intelligent warfare. To this end, we should firmly establish the concept of winning through science and technology, firmly grasp scientific and technological innovation, the “life gate” and “key point” to winning future wars, greatly improve the scientific and technological content of military training, and increase the practical application of new technologies and new means such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and big data, so as to unveil the mystery of intelligent warfare and control the initiative in future wars.

Keep up with the changes in technological development and strengthen intelligent training conditions

Intelligent training conditions are the basic support for organizing and implementing intelligent military training, and are directly related to the quality and effectiveness of intelligent training. To build an intelligent training environment, we need to keep a close eye on the development of intelligent concepts, intelligent technology, and intelligent warfare, and continue to work hard in building a training environment, innovating training methods, and cultivating new talents.

Construct a realistic battlefield environment. Intelligent warfare has a wider space, a wider range of fields, and more diverse methods. The battlefield environment construction under the conditions of simple mechanization and informatization can no longer support the needs of intelligent training. We should highlight the elite confrontation, rapid confrontation, and joint confrontation under the support of intelligent conditions, fully tap the potential of existing training methods and training venues, strengthen the application of technologies such as big data analysis, smart wearable devices, and machine “deep learning”, and effectively integrate various fields such as land, sea, air, space, electricity, and the Internet. For example, use digital maps, virtual reality and other technologies to simulate and display intuitive three-dimensional terrain, weather and complex combat situations, and construct vivid and realistic intelligent actual combat scenes.

Develop advanced training methods. Advanced training methods are helpful to improve training effectiveness. Intelligent military training should grasp the key factor of intelligent “data-centricity” and transform the latest scientific and technological achievements into training conditions. We should focus on strengthening data linkage and integration, creating a “data pool” covering strategy, campaign, and tactics, and connecting command organizations to end-users; developing data intelligent analysis tools, integrating and mining combat data with the help of advanced technologies such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence; developing intelligent training systems, increasing the construction of simulation training methods such as simulation, war game confrontation, network confrontation, and intelligent decision-making, and overall promoting the transformation and upgrading of military training methods to “technology +” and “intelligence +”.

Cultivate new military talents. No matter how the war situation evolves, people are always the real controllers and final decision-makers of war. The quality of military personnel’s intelligence level determines the quality and effect of intelligent training to a certain extent. To win the information-based local war with intelligent characteristics, we should accurately match future military needs, strengthen the intelligent training of traditional combat force talents, make good use of “technology +”, “maker +”, “think tank +” power resources, promote the integrated development of “commanders”, “combatants” and “scientists” and “technicians”, and forge a new type of professional and intelligent military talent group to achieve intelligent interaction between people and equipment, deep integration between people and systems, and extensive adaptation between people and the environment.

Strengthen support for intelligent equipment. At present, the world’s major military powers attach great importance to the development of intelligent equipment. New equipment such as unmanned “swarms” and unmanned submarines are emerging in an endless stream, supporting intelligent military training while constantly testing and improving them in training practice. To this end, we should make full use of the overall coordination mechanism of war construction, vigorously promote the “+ intelligence” of existing equipment and the “intelligent +” construction of a new generation of equipment, insist on researching, building, using and improving, and improve the intelligence level of weapons and equipment through breakthroughs in training practice. We should work on both ends to achieve a multiplier effect, shorten the timeline of weapons and equipment from “weak intelligence” to “strong intelligence” and then to “super intelligence”, and better support intelligent military training.

Keeping up with the changes in war practices, innovating intelligent training models

The combat style determines the training mode. After years of development, military intelligence has moved from theoretical exploration to battlefield practice. In recent local wars, intelligent warfare has begun to show its edge and has shown the potential to change the “rules of the game” of war. As the combat style changes, the training mode must also change and change proactively. We must keep a close eye on the characteristics of intelligent warfare, innovate intelligent military training models, and fully rehearse the next war in military training.

Highlight high-end warfare research and training. We should focus on cracking the essence of high-end warfare by strengthening the enemy, continue to deepen research on strengthening the enemy, and use the development of new combat concepts and training theories as a starting point to understand the development laws and winning mechanisms of high-end warfare. We should predict future wars and design combat styles from a high-end perspective, and pool wisdom and innovation to research unique, clever, and high-level strategies to defeat the enemy. We must emphasize key actions such as joint missile defense, target strategic campaign and tactical training to force strong organizations to defeat the strong with the weak, target practical training for asymmetric checks and balances to win decisive battles in high-end organizations, target extended training in new domains such as the far sea and far domain for all-domain confrontation organizations, seize high positions in future wars through innovative training, and develop combat capabilities that are “one step ahead in intelligence” and “one step ahead in skills” against powerful enemies.

Emphasize the training of new-type forces. The transformation of war from winning by force and equipment to winning by wisdom has made new-type combat forces a new growth pole of combat power. According to information, the US military plans to achieve intelligentization of 60% of ground combat platforms by 2030, and the Russian military expects that the proportion of intelligent weapons and equipment will exceed 30% by 2025. As the army has more and more new equipment with intelligent attributes, it should move away from the actual combat training path with new-type combat forces as the dominant element, highlight the formation and combat use of new-type combat forces, carry out training methods and tactics that are compatible with the new domain combat concept and winning mechanism, increase new types of training such as unmanned combat, promote the integration of new-type forces into the combat system, and make new-type combat power resources move and come alive.

Emphasize intelligent command training. No matter how the war situation evolves, command capability is always the key to winning the war. As the intelligence level of war continues to increase, planning and command based solely on experience and personal wisdom can no longer adapt to the ever-changing battlefield situation. Artificial intelligence decision-making training has become an inevitable trend to improve the efficiency of combat mission planning, combat planning, and command and control. We should focus on commanders and command organizations, which are the key to the system’s operations, seek breakthroughs in the scientific nature, accuracy, and timeliness of command planning, and rely on new technologies such as “big data” and “AI algorithms” and new methods such as “engineering” and “one network” to promote the upgrading of command planning from “human intelligence” training to “human intelligence + intelligence” training. We should judge the enemy’s situation, formulate plans, and determine actions through actuarial and detailed calculations, so as to achieve the goal of defeating the slow with the fast and getting the upper hand over the enemy.

(Author’s unit: Central Theater Command)

現代國語：

■曾海清

引言

當前，新一輪科技革命和軍事革命快速發展，以人工智慧為代表的顛覆性技術，正加速推動戰爭形態向智慧化戰爭演變，打贏智能化戰爭逐漸成為強國軍事競爭的焦點。軍訓作為戰爭的預實踐，應該及時邁開智能化新步伐，實現向“智”轉型、以“智”練兵，不斷提高軍事訓練科技度和“含智量”，助力智能化作戰能力加快生成。

緊跟戰爭形態之變，升級智慧化訓練概念

隨著智慧化時代的加速到來，高新技術在軍事領域廣泛應用，正引發戰爭制勝理念、制勝要素、制勝方式發生重大變化。軍隊規模、裝備數量已不再是決定戰爭勝負的關鍵，升級戰爭思想和訓練理念勢在必行。我們當以更主動的姿態、更加開放的視野，緊跟智慧化發展趨勢，倡導智慧化軍事訓練新思維。

把握智能製勝的內在機理。制勝機理是戰爭內在規律的表現。在智慧革命驅動下、戰略競爭推動下、戰爭實踐牽引下，資訊生智、以智賦能的優勢愈發顯現，體現在精算、聯合、體係等各個面向。在某種程度上，可以說「智」有多高，戰與訓的品質水準就能夠達到多高。所以，一支訓練思維停留在機械化層面的軍隊，如何訓練都不可能跟上智慧化戰爭的腳步。應該以自我革命的勇氣來一場“頭腦風暴”，升級智能化作戰理念，加強智能化訓練理論研究，以以“智”練兵思維處理機械化、信息化、智能化作戰問題，把訓練和打仗有機銜接起來，用先進技術設計戰爭，用智慧手段演練戰爭，從而廓清智能化戰爭的迷霧。

立起向強制強的標靶指向。目前，發達國家軍隊正實施以智慧化為重點的訓練轉型，試圖進一步拉大與其他國家軍隊的戰力代差。軍事上的代差一旦拉開將很難追回，一步跟不上就可能徹底受制於人，只有盯緊對手才可能超越對手。要把向強制強在軍訓中突出出來，在練兵中提高軍事智慧化水準和非對稱作戰能力。

強化科技賦能的目標定位。科技是核心戰鬥力。在科技驅動下，戰鬥力形態已經從機械能型、資訊能型向智能型躍升，傳統攻城略地式大兵團作戰正逐步退出歷史舞台，高科技、新興領域的尖端較量日趨激烈。軍事訓練若不提高科技含量，將只能在低層次徘徊，很難叩開智能化戰爭的大門。為此，應該樹牢科技制勝理念，緊緊抓住科技創新這一制勝未來戰爭的“命門”和“要穴”，大幅提高軍事訓練科技含量，加大人工智能、雲計算、大數據等新科技新手段的實踐運用，從而揭開智慧化戰爭的神秘面紗，掌控未來戰爭主動權。

緊跟科技發展之變，建強智能化訓練條件

智慧化訓練條件是組織實施智慧化軍事訓練的基礎支撐，直接關乎智慧化訓練質效。建構智慧化的訓練條件環境，需要我們緊盯智慧理念、智慧科技和智慧化作戰的發展，在構設訓練環境、創新訓練手段、培育新型人才等方面持續用力。

構設逼真戰場環境。智慧化作戰，空間更加廣闊、領域更廣泛、方式更加多元，單純機械化資訊化條件下的戰場環境構設已無法支撐智慧化訓練需求。應突顯智慧化條件支撐下的精兵對抗、快速對抗、聯動對抗，充分挖潛現有訓練手段及訓練場地功能，加強大數據分析、智慧穿戴設備、機器「深度學習」等技術應用，把陸、海、空、天、電、網等各個領域有效融合起來，例如利用數字地圖、虛擬現實等技術模擬顯示形象直觀的三維地貌、天候氣象和復雜交戰態勢，構建生動、逼真的智能化實戰場景。

發展先進訓練手段。先進的訓練手段，有助於提升訓練成效。智慧化軍事訓練應掌握智慧化「以數據為中心」這個關鍵因素，把最新科技成果轉化為訓練條件。應著重加強數據連結融合，打造覆蓋戰略、戰役、戰術，貫通指揮機構到末端單兵的「數據池」；開發數據智慧分析工具，借助雲計算、人工智慧等先進技術，整合挖掘作戰數據；開發智慧演訓系統，加大模擬模擬、兵棋對抗、網絡對抗、智慧裁決等模擬訓練手段建設，整體推動軍事訓練手段向「科技+」「智慧+」轉型升級。

培養新型軍事人才。無論戰爭形態如何演變，人始終是戰爭的真正控制者和最終決策者。軍事人員智能化程度的優劣，某種程度上決定了智慧化訓練的品質效果。要打贏具有智慧化特徵的資訊化局部戰爭，應該精準對接未來軍事需求，加強傳統作戰力量人才智能化培育，用好“科技+”“創客+”“智庫+”力量資源，推動“指揮員」「戰鬥員」與「科學家」「技術家」融合發展，鍛造專業化、智慧化的新型軍事人才群體，實現人與裝備智慧互動、人與體系深度融合、人與環境廣泛適應。

強化智能裝備支撐。目前，世界主要軍事強國都高度重視智慧裝備發展，無人「蜂群」、無人潛航器等新裝備層出不窮，一邊支撐智慧化軍事訓練，一邊又在訓練實踐中不斷檢驗完善。為此，應充分以好戰建備統籌機制，大力推進現有裝備「+智慧」與新一代裝備「智慧+」建設，堅持邊研邊建邊用邊改，以訓練實踐突破提升武器裝備智慧化水平，兩端發力實現倍增效應，縮短武器裝備從“弱智”到“強智”再到“超智”的時間軸，更好地支撐智能化軍事訓練。

緊跟戰爭實踐之變，創新智能化訓練模式

作戰樣式決定訓練模式。軍事智能化經過多年發展，已經從理論探索走向戰場實踐。近年來的局部戰爭中，智慧化作戰已經初露鋒芒，並顯現出改變戰爭「遊戲規則」的潛力。作戰樣式變了，訓練模式也要跟著變、主動變。要緊盯智慧化戰爭特點，創新智慧化軍事訓練模式，在軍事訓練中充分預演下一場戰爭。

突顯高端戰爭研練。要立足強敵打高端戰爭這個基點，突顯破解高端戰爭本質，持續深化強敵研究，以開發新型作戰概念和訓練理論為抓手，搞清高端戰爭發展規律和製勝機理。從高端的視角預判未來戰爭、設計作戰樣式，集智創新研究克敵制勝的奇招、妙招、高招。要突顯聯合反導等關鍵行動，瞄準向強制強組織以劣勝優的戰略戰役戰術訓練，瞄準決勝高端組織非對稱制衡實戰訓練，瞄準全局對抗組織遠海遠域等新域延伸訓練，在創新訓練中搶佔未來戰爭高位，形成對強敵「智高一籌」「技高一籌」的作戰能力。

突顯新質力量研練。戰爭從力勝、器勝到智勝的轉變，使得新型作戰力量成為戰鬥力新的成長極。據資料介紹，美軍計畫在2030年實現60%地面作戰平台智能化，俄軍預計2025年智慧化武器裝備佔比將超過30%。隨著軍隊具有智慧屬性的新裝備越來越多，應走開以新質作戰力量為主導要素的實戰化練兵路子，突顯新質作戰力量編成、作戰運用，開展與新域作戰概念、制勝機理相適應的訓法戰法，加大無人作戰等新樣式訓練，推動新質力量融入作戰體系，讓新質戰鬥力資源動起來、活起來。

突出智能指揮研練。無論戰爭形態如何演變，指揮能力始終是能打勝仗的關鍵能力。隨著戰爭智能化程度不斷提高，僅憑經驗和個人智慧進行籌劃和指揮已不能適應瞬息萬變的戰場局勢，人工智慧決策訓練已成為提升作戰任務規劃、作戰籌劃、指揮控制效率的必然趨勢。應該扭住指揮員和指揮機構這個體係作戰關鍵，在指揮籌劃科學性、精確性、時效性上求突破，依托「大數據」「AI演算法」新技術和「工程化」「一張網」新手段，推動指揮謀劃由「人智」訓練向「人智+機智」訓練升級，在精算深算細算中判敵情、立方案、定行動，達到以快吃慢、先敵一手。

（作者單位：中部戰區）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4916122888.html

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The rationale, theory and philosophy of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening China’s military

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習近平強軍思想的理論基礎與哲學思想 

現代英語：

Liu GuangmingDecember 06, 2023 08:21 | Source: 

2023 Issue 12 of “Party Building” Magazine

Among the innovative theories of the Party in the new era, the most brilliant chapter guiding the cause of strengthening the military is Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military. The principles, theories and philosophy of this important thought are an organic and unified whole. Among them, principles are the cornerstone, supporting the basic theoretical framework of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military; theories are the concentrated embodiment of principles in academic theories, supporting the discipline system of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military; philosophy is the sublimation of principles at the philosophical level, supporting the contemporary Chinese Marxist military outlook and methodology contained in Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military.

The main content and basic principles of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military

In early March 2023, an article signed by “Jun Zheng” entitled “Advancing Victoriously under the Guidance of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military” was published in Qiushi and the Liberation Army Daily, which for the first time publicly disclosed the new summary of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military as “eleven clarifications” and defined it as the main content of this important thought, namely: (1) Clarifying that the absolute leadership of the Party over the military is the foundation of the people’s army and the soul of strengthening the army; We must comprehensively strengthen the Party’s leadership and Party building in the military, implement a series of fundamental principles and systems for the Party’s leadership of the military, and ensure that the troops are absolutely loyal, absolutely pure, and absolutely reliable; (2) We must make it clear that a strong country must have a strong military, and that strengthening national defense and a strong people’s army are strategic supports for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the new era. The people’s army must be effective. Fulfill the mission and tasks of the new era; (3) Make it clear that the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era is to build a people’s army that obeys the Party’s command, can win battles, and has a good style of work, to achieve the goal of the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the army by 2027, to basically realize the modernization of national defense and the army by 2035, and to build the people’s army into a world-class army by the middle of this century; (4) Make it clear that the army is prepared to fight , we must focus on being able to fight and win battles, focus on strong enemies, innovate military strategic guidance, develop people’s war strategy and tactics, comprehensively strengthen military training and preparation, firmly and flexibly carry out military struggle, effectively shape the situation, manage crises, contain war, and win wars; (5) Clearly promote the cause of strengthening the military and adhere to the political construction of the army, reform and strengthening the army, science and technology strengthening the army, talent strengthening the army, and rule of law in the army , adhere to the principle of fighting, preparing for war, and building at the same time, pay more attention to focusing on actual combat, innovation-driven, system-building, intensive and efficient, and military-civilian integration, strengthen military governance, promote high-quality development, and comprehensively improve the level of revolutionization, modernization, and regularization; (6) Make it clear that reform is the only way to strengthen the military, and it is necessary to promote the modernization of the military organization and build a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. Improve the socialist military system with Chinese characteristics; (7) Make it clear that science and technology are the core combat power, we must adhere to the strategic basis of independent innovation, promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, coordinate and promote innovation in military theory, technology, organization, management, culture and other aspects, and build an innovative people’s army; (8) Make it clear that the way to strengthen the army is to get people, we must implement the military education policy of the new era and promote the military (9) Make it clear that ruling the military by law is the basic way for our Party to build and govern the military. We must build a military legal system with Chinese characteristics, promote fundamental changes in the way the military is governed, and improve the level of legalization in national defense and military construction. (10) Make it clear that the development of military-civilian integration is the core of the development of the military. It is a move to rejuvenate the country and a strategy to strengthen the military. We must consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities. (11) We must make it clear that good work style is the distinctive feature and political advantage of our military. We must strictly govern the Party and the military in an all-round way, train a strong grassroots in an all-round way, unswervingly rectify work styles, discipline and fight corruption, vigorously promote the glorious traditions and good work style of our Party and our military, and forever maintain the nature, purpose and character of the people’s army.

Deeply understand that “the fundamental focus is to support the great cause of rejuvenation with a strong military.” Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military is fundamentally focused on supporting the great cause of rejuvenation with a strong military. This important proposition is a scientific conclusion drawn by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, which has placed national defense and military construction under the great goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Only by deeply studying and understanding this “fundamental focus” and comprehensively and accurately grasping the far-sighted considerations of the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Xi to support the great cause of rejuvenation with a strong military can we understand Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military from the political and strategic levels. The “second clarification” is an important statement that directly reflects the fundamental focus of “supporting the great cause of rejuvenation with a strong military.” Whether this “support” is effective or not depends on whether we have real world-class military strength. Now, although there are more means and options for maintaining national security, we can use them flexibly and maneuver them in all directions, but we must never forget that military struggle is a strong backing for national political and diplomatic struggles, and military means are always the last resort. We must take the initiative in national rejuvenation into our own hands. While striving for strategic mutual trust, we must work hard to build a world-class military that can compete with powerful enemies. We must then insist on conducting strategic operations based on strong military strength, so that the comprehensive spillover effects of a strong military can be truly brought into play, ensuring that we can achieve national rejuvenation regardless of whether the enemy forces are willing or not and whether the international environment is relaxed or not.

Deeply realize that “the core requirement is to realize the party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era”. Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, the core requirement is to realize the party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era. This is a major conclusion based on “building a strong national defense and a strong people’s army that is commensurate with our country’s international status and consistent with national security and development interests”. The “third clarification” comprehensively explains the goal of strengthening the military. The goal of strengthening the military is the general strategy of our party in building and governing the military in the new era, and provides fundamental guidance for promoting national defense and military construction from a new starting point. Obeying the Party’s command is the soul, determining the political direction of the army’s construction, and is embodied in the “first clarification”; being able to win battles is the core, reflecting the army’s fundamental functions and the fundamental direction of the army’s construction, and is embodied in the “fourth clarification”; having a good work style is the guarantee, related to the nature, purpose, and character of the army, and is embodied in the “eleventh clarification”. These three points embody the guiding ideology and principles of our party’s consistent construction and management of the army, embody the idea of ​​comprehensive construction that unifies revolutionization, modernization, and regularization, and clarifies the focus and emphasis of strengthening the army’s construction. Grasping these three points in building and managing the army is to grasp the key points and play a leading role. The goal of strengthening the military is implemented in the process of national defense and military modernization, and is reflected in the new “three-step” strategic arrangement of successively connecting short-term, medium-term and long-term goals by 2027, 2035 and the middle of this century.

Deeply understand that “practical requirements are to follow the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics”. To successfully advance the cause of strengthening the military in the new era, it is not enough to have the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era. There must also be a correct path to match it, which is the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, practical requirements are to follow the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics. This is a scientific conclusion reached by the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Xi through arduous exploration. From a vertical perspective, the path to a strong military with Chinese characteristics is not only a glorious path full of historical experience and wisdom, but also a path of exploration that is constantly being explored in the process of advancing the practice of a strong military, and a bright path that faces the future and realizes the dream of a strong military; from a horizontal perspective, it is a military development path in the overall layout of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it is parallel, mutually reinforcing, and organically unified with the development paths of our country in the fields of economy, politics, culture, society, and ecological civilization. The “fifth clarification” directly reflects the path to a strong military with Chinese characteristics, and at the same time, the other “clarifications” are also closely related to the path to a strong military with Chinese characteristics. In particular, building the army politically was developed as the “first clarification” and the “eleventh clarification”, strengthening the army through reform was developed as the “sixth clarification”, strengthening the army through science and technology was developed as the “seventh clarification”, strengthening the army through talents was developed as the “eighth clarification”, governing the army according to law was developed as the “ninth clarification”, focusing on actual combat was developed as the “fourth clarification”, and military-civilian integration was developed as the “tenth clarification”.

Learn the profound theoretical content of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military from the dialectical unity of a series of major strategic ideas in the field of national defense and military construction in the new era

Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military did not come out of thin air, but was built on a solid theoretical foundation, embodying the unity of politics and theory. Its correctness lies not only in the correctness of its political direction, but also in the scientific and thorough nature of its theory.

Comprehend the theory in the process of sublimating the practical experience of strengthening the army into ideological theory. The times are the mother of thought, practice is the source of theory, and theory is also constantly clarified and close to the truth under the catalysis of practice. In December 2012, when President Xi visited the Guangzhou Theater, he emphasized that “realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation since modern times. It can be said that this dream is a dream of a strong country, and for the military, it is also a dream of a strong army.” With this as the ideological starting point and logical starting point, President Xi proposed a series of original and major strategic ideas in leading the practice of strengthening the People’s Army, opening up the historical process of the formation and development of Xi Jinping’s thoughts on strengthening the army. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and Chairman Xi have firmly grasped the strategic needs of national security and development in the new era and the objective basis for the development of a strong military. With a strong sense of worry and crisis, they have examined the historical, contemporary and practical issues of China’s military, adhered to a problem-oriented approach, and focused on building a strong people’s army in the new era. How to build a strong people’s army has profoundly answered the basic questions of the new era, such as “who should command the people’s army and how to forge a strong military spirit”, “why to strengthen the army and how to strengthen the army”, “what kind of war to fight and how to win the war”, etc., so that Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the army has been enriched and improved with the continuous development of China’s military practice in the new era, and the theoretical support of this important thought has been made more solid. Generally speaking, this important thought originated from the profound pursuit of realizing the rejuvenation of a strong country, was formed by providing scientific guidance and fundamental principles for the cause of strengthening the army in the new era, developed from the vigorous practice of solving a series of prominent contradictions and problems, and improved from the systematic and physical construction of its theoretical innovation.

Comprehend the theory through the mutual support and integration of ideological theories in various fields. The “eleven clarifications” of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, from the first “clear” emphasis on the absolute leadership of the Party over the military to the last “clear” emphasis on strict governance of the Party and the military, fully demonstrate our Party’s major strategy of strengthening the military and demonstrating the great ambition and strategy of comprehensively strengthening the Party’s leadership and Party building in the military to lead the modernization of national defense and the military in the new era. Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military covers the party’s absolute leadership over the military, military strategy, war and combat guidance, military modernization, national defense construction and other disciplines. It is a scientific military theory system with rich content, profound thoughts and keeping pace with the times. Regarding the modernization of the military, it is proposed to comprehensively promote the modernization of military theory, military organizational structure, military personnel, and weapons and equipment, accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligence, comprehensively strengthen military governance, and promote the high-quality development of our military; regarding national defense construction, it is proposed to implement the overall national security concept, consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities, strengthen the integrated integration of strategic layout in various fields, the integrated integration of strategic resources, and the integrated use of strategic forces, and build a strong and stable modern border, sea, and air defense; and so on. These new ideas, new viewpoints and new conclusions on related fields have deepened the understanding of the laws of national defense and military construction, the laws of military struggle preparation and the laws of war guidance with a new perspective, and have become the “four pillars” supporting Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military.

Comprehend the theory from the comprehensive penetration and guidance of the distinctive theme of strengthening the army. To construct a scientific theoretical system, we must focus on the theme to plan the layout. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army takes strengthening the army as its theme, which is a natural manifestation of the inherent theoretical logic of this thought in the process of formation and development. The chapters of the main part of the “Outline for Studying Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army (2023 Edition)” are closely related to the theme of strengthening the army, and the subtitle of each chapter begins with “On Strengthening the Army”. Grasping the theme of strengthening the army is mastering the “golden key” to learning and understanding Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army. The main contents of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military, which are “eleven clarifications”, profoundly answer major questions such as the fundamental guarantee, requirements of the times, goals, fundamental orientation, strategic layout, the only way, a powerful engine, fundamental plan, legal guarantee, important support, and unique advantages of strengthening and rejuvenating the military. Each “clarification” is closely linked to strengthening and rejuvenating the military, covering all areas and aspects of military construction, reform and military struggle preparation in the new era, running through the entire process of military force construction and use, and enriching and developing the party’s military guidance theory with systematic innovation and creative sublimation. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military, with the theme of “strengthening and rejuvenating the military”, runs through and guides the construction of the discipline system of the party’s military thought in the new era.

Comprehend the profound philosophy of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military from the military outlook and methodology of the “Five Persistences”

Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military insists on using Marxism to examine contemporary Chinese military issues, profoundly expounds on a series of major relationships, and creatively puts forward the contemporary Chinese Marxist military outlook and methodology of “five insistences”: insist on political leadership, insist on stopping war with force, insist on being proactive and enterprising, insist on overall planning and balancing all aspects, and insist on daring to fight and win. It is a vivid manifestation of the world outlook and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in the military field, and has opened up a new realm of Marxist military dialectics and contemporary Chinese military philosophy.

Understand the relationship between the military and politics from “upholding political guidance”. “Upholding political guidance” emphasizes that the military should obey politics, and that political nature is the essential attribute of the military, which profoundly explains the political nature of military power. In the relationship between the military and politics, the first thing to grasp is that politics determines the military, and political strategy determines strategy. We must unswervingly uphold the party’s absolute leadership over the military, serve the people wholeheartedly, always think about and handle military issues from a political perspective, faithfully perform the mission and tasks entrusted by the party and the people, always listen to the party, follow the party, and always be the people’s soldiers. At the same time, the importance of the military cannot be ignored. Politics determines and leads the military, and the military serves and supports politics. These two aspects complement each other and are organically unified.

Understand the relationship between war and peace from “insisting on stopping war with force”. President Xi pointed out: “Only by being able to fight can we stop war, and only by being prepared to fight can we avoid fighting. The less able we are to fight, the more likely we are to be beaten. This is the dialectic between war and peace.” This important statement scientifically reveals the contradictory characteristics of the mutual connection and mutual transformation between war and peace, and points out that the premise and key to achieving peace is “being able to fight”, and the ultimate way to win peace is “stopping war with war and stopping war with force”. Therefore, we must build military struggle preparations on the basis of coping with the most complex and difficult situations, not fight unprepared battles, grasp strategic initiative, effectively formulate strategies and tactics, and ensure that we can effectively stop war and resolutely win the war.

From “persisting in positive progress”, we can understand the relationship between stability and shaping. First, stability and shaping are mutually conditional: stability is the premise and foundation of shaping. Without stability, shaping is impossible; without positive and enterprising shaping, stability is impossible. Second, stability and shaping promote each other: stability can prevent shaping from “going astray”; shaping can enhance the “new quality” of stability. Therefore, we must insist on putting ourselves first, proceed from reality, give full play to our conscious initiative, be good at taking the initiative, fight proactively, find opportunities in crises and turn crises into opportunities, strive to be proactive and avoid being passive, and strive for all possible victories on a stable and reliable basis.

Understand the relationship between system and efficiency from “adhering to overall planning and balancing considerations”. Dialectical materialism believes that everything is interconnected and interdependent, and the entire world is an interconnected whole and an interactive system. Within the system, the various components coordinate and interact with each other to achieve optimized efficiency. Military practice is full of various complex contradictory movements. Grasping the relevance and mastering the complexity are the basic requirements for promoting military development. The cause of strengthening the military in the new era must be planned and operated as a systematic project. We must implement the overall national security concept, coordinate economic construction and national defense construction, coordinate military struggle and other aspects of the struggle, coordinate major tasks of war preparation, use key breakthroughs to drive overall progress, and improve overall effectiveness through coordination and linkage.

Understand the relationship between people and weapons from “insisting on daring to fight and winning”. In today’s era, with the rapid development of high-tech and the widespread use of new weapons and equipment, the human factor and the weapon factor are becoming more and more closely integrated. Faced with the new changes in the relationship between people and weapons in modern warfare, President Xi Jinping clearly pointed out that “people are the decisive factor in winning wars”, and emphasized that “with the continuous development of military technology, the importance of equipment factors is increasing”. If there is a generation gap in weapons and equipment, it will be difficult to fight. We must attach importance to the factor of weapons. It is not enough to talk about the human factor without weapons and equipment, the basic components of war. Attaching importance to the equipment factor is to attach importance to the human factor. We must carry forward the fighting spirit of not fearing hardship and not fearing death, dare to overcome all difficulties, and dare to overwhelm all enemies.

(Author’s unit: National Defense University’s Research Center for Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era)

(Editors: Wang Zifeng, Wang Keyuan)

現代國語：

在新時代黨的創新理論中，用來指導強軍事業的精彩篇章是習近平強軍思想。這一重要思想的道理學理哲理是有機統一的整體。其中，道理是基石，支撐起習近平強軍思想的基本理論架構﹔學理是道理在學術理論上的集中體現，支撐起習近平強軍思想的學科體系﹔哲理是道理在哲學層面的升華，支撐起習近平強軍思想蘊含的當代中國馬克思主義軍事觀與方法論。

習近平強軍思想的主要內容與基本道理

2023年3月初，「鈞政」署名文章《在習近平強軍思想引領下勝利前進》在《求是》和《解放軍報》發表，首次公開了習近平強軍思想「十一個明確」的新概括，並將其界定為這一重要思想的主要內容，即：（1）明確黨對軍隊絕對領導是人民軍隊建軍之本、強軍之魂，必須全面加強軍隊黨的領導和黨的建設，貫徹黨領導軍隊的一系列根本原則和製度，確保部隊絕對忠誠、絕對純潔、絕對可靠﹔（2）明確強國必須強軍，鞏固國防和強大人民軍隊是新時代堅持發展中國特色社會主義、實現中華民族偉大復興的戰略支撐，人民軍隊必須有效履行新時代使命任務﹔（3）明確黨在新時代的強軍目標是建設一支聽黨指揮、能打勝仗、作風優良的人民軍隊，到2027年實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標，到2035年基本實現國防和軍隊現代化，到本世紀中葉把人民軍隊建成世界一流軍隊﹔（4）明確軍隊是要準備打仗的，必須聚焦能打仗、打勝仗，扭住強敵對手，創新軍事戰略指導，發展人民戰爭戰略戰術，全面加強練兵備戰，堅定靈活開展軍事鬥爭，有效塑造態勢、管控危機、遏制戰爭、打贏戰爭﹔ （5）明確推進強軍事業必須堅持政治建軍、改革強軍、科技強軍、人才強軍、依法治軍，堅持邊鬥爭、邊備戰、邊建設，更加重視聚焦實戰、創新驅動、體系建設、集約高效、軍民融合，加強軍事治理，推動高質量發展，全面提高革命化現代化正規化水平﹔（6）明確改革是強軍的必經之路，必須推進軍隊組織形態現代化，建立中國特色現代軍事力量體系，完善中國特色社會主義軍事制度﹔（7）明確科技是核心戰鬥力，必須堅持自主創新戰略基點，推進高水準科技自立自強，統籌推進軍事理論、技術、組織、管理、文化等各方面創新，建設創新型人民軍隊﹔（8）明確強軍之道要在得人，必須貫徹新時代軍事教育方針，推動軍事人員能力素質、結構佈局、開發管理全面轉型升級，鍛造德才兼備的高素質、專業化新型軍事人才﹔（9）明確依法治軍是我們黨建軍治軍基本方式，必須構建中國特色軍事法治體系，推動治軍方式根本轉變，提高國防及軍隊建設法治化水準﹔（10）明確軍民融合發展是興國之舉、強軍之策，必須鞏固提高一體化國家戰略體系與能力﹔（11）明確作風優良是我軍鮮明特色和政治優勢，必須全面從嚴治黨、全面從嚴治軍，全面鍛造過硬基層，堅定不移正風肅紀反腐，大力弘揚我黨我軍光榮傳統和優良作風，永葆人民軍隊性質、宗旨、本色。

深刻體悟「根本著眼是以強軍支撐強國復興偉業」。習近平強軍思想，根本著眼是以強軍支撐強國復興偉業。這一重大論斷，是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央，把國防和軍隊建設放在實現中華民族偉大復興的大目標下，思考謀劃而得出的科學結論。深入學習領悟這個“根本著眼”，全面準確把握黨中央、中央軍委和習主席以強軍支撐強國復興偉業的深遠考量，才能從政略和戰略層面讀懂習近平強軍思想。 「第二個明確」是直接體現「以強軍支撐強國復興偉業」根本著眼的重要論述。這個「支撐」是否管用頂用，關鍵在於看有沒有實打實的世界級的軍事實力。現在，雖然維護國家安全的手段和選擇增多了，我們可以靈活運用、縱橫捭閔，但千萬不能忘記，軍事鬥爭是國家政治和外交鬥爭的堅強後盾，軍事手段始終是保底的手段。我們必須把強國復興的主動權掌握在自己手中，在爭取戰略互信的同時，努力建設能與強敵相抗衡的世界一流軍隊，進而堅持以強大軍事實力為托底進行戰略運籌，使強軍的綜合性溢出效應真正發揮出來，確保無論敵對勢力是否樂意、國際環境是否寬鬆，我們都能實現強國復興。

深刻體悟「核心要求是實現黨在新時代的強軍目標」。習近平強軍思想，核心要求是實現黨在新時代的強軍目標。這是從「建設同我國國際地位相稱、同國家安全和發展利益相適應的鞏固國防和強大人民軍隊」出發作出的重大論斷。 「第三個明確」全面闡釋了強軍目標。強軍目標是新時代我們黨建軍治軍的總方略，為在新的起點上推進國防和軍隊建設提供了根本指引。聽黨指揮是靈魂，決定軍隊建設的政治方向，集中體現為“第一個明確”﹔能打勝仗是核心，反映軍隊的根本職能和軍隊建設的根本指向，集中體現為“第四個明確” ﹔作風優良是保証，關系軍隊的性質、宗旨、本色，集中體現為「第十一個明確」。這三條體現了我們黨一以貫之的建軍治軍指導思想和方針原則，體現了革命化現代化正規化建設相統一的全面建設思想，明確了加強軍隊建設的聚焦點和著力點。建軍治軍抓住這三條，就抓住了要害，就能起到綱舉目張的作用。強軍目標落實到國防和軍隊現代化進程中，體現為到2027年、2035年、本世紀中葉，近、中、遠目標梯次銜接的新「三步走」戰略安排。

深刻體悟「實踐要求是走中國特色強軍之路」。要勝利推進新時代強軍事業，僅有黨在新時代的強軍目標是不夠的，還必須有與之相匹配的正確道路，這就是中國特色強軍之路。習近平強軍思想，實踐要求是走中國特色強軍之路。這是黨中央、中央軍委和習主席領導全軍經過艱辛探索的科學結論。中國特色強軍之路，從縱向看，既是飽含歷史經驗和智慧的光榮之路，又是在推進強軍實踐中不斷開拓的求索之路，也是面向未來、實現強軍夢的光明之路﹔從橫向來看，是中國特色社會主義事業總體佈局中的軍事發展道路，與我國在經濟、政治、文化、社會、生態文明等領域的發展道路並行展開、交相輝映、有機統一。直接體現中國特色強軍之路的，是“第五個明確”，同時，其他各個“明確”也都與中國特色強軍之路緊密相關。特別是其中的政治建軍展開為“第一個明確”和“第十一個明確”，改革強軍展開為“第六個明確”，科技強軍展開為“第七個明確”，人才強軍展開為“第八個明確”，依法治軍展開為“第九個明確”，聚焦實戰展開為“第四個明確”，軍民融合展開為“第十個明確”。

從新時代國防與軍隊建設領域一系列重大戰略思想的辯証統一中領悟習近平強軍思想的厚實學理

習近平強軍思想，不是憑空冒出來的，而是建立在堅實的學理基礎之上，體現了政治性與學理性的統一，其正確性，既在於政治方向的正確性，也在於學理的科學性、徹底性。

在強軍實踐經驗向思想理論升華的進程中領悟學理。時代是思想之母，實踐是理論之源，學理也是在實踐的催化下不斷明晰並貼近真理。 2012年12月，習主席在廣州戰區考察時強調，“實現中華民族偉大復興，是中華民族近代以來最偉大的夢想。可以說，這個夢想是強國夢，對軍隊來說，也是強軍夢” 。以此為思想發端和邏輯起點，習主席在領航人民軍隊的強軍實踐中提出一系列原創性重大戰略思想，開啟了習近平強軍思想形成和發展的歷史進程。黨的十八大以來，黨中央、中央軍委和習主席牢牢把握新時代國家安全與發展的戰略需求和強軍事業發展的客觀基點，以強烈的憂患意識和危機意識審視中國軍事的歷史之問、時代之問、實踐之問，堅持問題導向，圍繞新時代建立一支什麼樣的強大人民軍隊、怎樣建設強大人民軍隊，深刻回答了新時代「人民軍隊聽誰指揮、怎樣鑄牢軍魂」「為什麼強軍、怎樣強軍」「打什麼仗、怎樣打勝仗」等基本問題，使習近平強軍思想隨著新時代中國軍事實踐的不斷發展而豐富完善，也使這一重要思想的學理支撐更加堅實。整體來看，這一重要思想發軔於對實現強國復興的深沉追求，形成於為新時代強軍事業提供科學指引和根本遵循，發展於破解一系列突出矛盾問題的壯闊實踐，完善於其理論創新的體系化學理化構建。

在各領域思想理論的相互支撐與契合融通中領悟學理。習近平強軍思想的“十一個明確”，從第一個“明確”強調黨對軍隊絕對領導，到最後一個“明確”強調全面從嚴治黨、全面從嚴治軍，全面展現了我們黨強軍興軍的重大方略，彰顯了以全面加強軍隊黨的領導和黨的建設統領新時代國防和軍隊現代化建設的大氣魄大戰略。習近平強軍思想涵括了黨對軍隊絕對領導、軍事戰略、戰爭和作戰指導、軍隊現代化、國防建設等學科內容，是內涵豐富、思想深邃、與時俱進的科學軍事理論體系。關於軍隊現代化，提出全面推進軍事理論、軍隊組織形態、軍事人員、武器裝備現代化，加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，全面加強軍事治理，推動我軍高質量發展﹔關於國防建設，提出貫徹總體國家安全觀，鞏固提高一體化國家戰略體系與能力，加強各領域戰略佈局一體融合、戰略資源一體整合、戰略力量一體運用，建設強大穩固的現代邊海空防﹔等等。這些對相關領域提出的一系列新思想新觀點新論斷，以全新視野深化了對國防和軍隊建設規律、軍事鬥爭準備規律、戰爭指導規律的認識，成為支撐習近平強軍思想的「四樑八柱」。

從強軍興軍這個鮮明主題的全面貫通引領中領悟學理。建構一個科學的理論體系，必須著眼主題來謀篇佈局。習近平強軍思想以強軍興軍為主題，是這一思想在形成與發展過程中內在理論邏輯的自然體現。 《習近平強軍思想學習綱要（2023年版）》主體部分的各章節緊扣強軍興軍這個主題，其中每一章的副標題都是以「關於強軍興軍的」打頭。掌握住強軍興軍這個主題，就掌握了學習理解習近平強軍思想的「金鑰匙」。習近平強軍思想「十一個明確」的主要內容，深刻回答了強軍興軍的根本保証、時代要求、奮鬥目標、根本指向、戰略佈局、必由之路、強大引擎、根本大計、法治保障、重要依托、特有優勢等重大問題，每一個「明確」都緊扣強軍興軍來展開，涵蓋新時代軍隊建設、改革和軍事鬥爭準備各領域各方面，貫通軍事力量建設和運用全過程，以體系性創新、創造性升華豐富發展了黨的軍事指導理論。習近平強軍思想以「強軍興軍」這個主題貫通引領新時代黨的軍事思想的學科體系建設。

從「五個堅持」的軍事觀和方法論中領悟習近平強軍思想的精深哲理

習近平強軍思想，堅持用馬克思主義審視當代中國軍事問題，深刻闡述一系列重大關系，創造性提出「五個堅持」的當代中國馬克思主義軍事觀和方法論：堅持政治引領、堅持以武止戈、堅持積極進取、堅持統籌兼顧、堅持敢打必勝，是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的世界觀和方法論在軍事領域的生動體現，開拓了馬克思主義軍事辯証法和當代中國軍事哲學新境界。

從「堅持政治引領」中領悟軍事與政治的相互關系。 “堅持政治引領”，強調軍事服從政治，政治性是軍隊的本質屬性，深刻闡明了軍事力量的政治本質。在軍事與政治的相互關系中，首先要把握的是政治決定軍事、政略決定戰略，必須毫不動搖堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導，全心全意為人民服務，始終從政治高度思考和處理軍事問題，忠實履行黨和人民賦予的使命任務，永遠聽黨話、跟黨走，永遠做人民子弟兵。同時，也不能忽視軍事的重要性。政治決定軍事、引領軍事，軍事服務政治、支撐政治，這兩個面向相輔相成、有機統一。

從「堅持以武止戈」領悟戰爭與和平的相互關系。習主席指出：「能戰方能止戰，準備打才可能不必打，越不能打越可能挨打，這就是戰爭與和平的辯証法。」這一重要論述，科學揭示了戰爭與和平相互聯繫、相互轉化的矛盾特徵，指明了實現和平的前提和關鍵是“能戰”，贏得和平的最後途徑是“以戰止戰、以武止戈”。因此，要把軍事鬥爭準備建立在應對最復雜最困難的基礎上，不打無準備之仗，掌握戰略主動、有效制定戰略戰術,確保有力懾止戰爭、堅決打贏戰爭。

從「堅持積極進取」領悟穩局與塑勢的相互關系。一是穩局和塑勢互為條件：穩局是塑勢的前提和基礎，立足未穩就不可能塑勢﹔離開了積極進取的塑勢，想穩也穩不住。二是穩局和塑勢互相促進：穩局可以防止塑勢「劍走偏鋒」﹔塑勢可以提升穩局的「新質」。因此，要堅持以我為主，從實際出發，充分發揮自覺能動性，善於下先手棋、打主動仗，善於危中尋機、化危為機，力爭主動、力避被動，在穩當可靠基礎上爭取一切可能的勝利。

從「堅持統籌兼顧」領悟系統與效能的相互關系。唯物辯証法認為，萬事萬物是相互聯繫、相互依存的，整個世界是相互聯繫的整體，也是相互作用的系統。在系統內部，各組成部分之間相互協調、相互作用，實現效能優化。軍事實踐充滿各種複雜矛盾運動，把握關聯性、駕馭複雜性是推動軍事發展的基本要求，必須把新時代強軍事業作為系統工程來謀劃和運籌。要貫徹總體國家安全觀，統籌經濟建設和國防建設，統籌軍事鬥爭和其他方面鬥爭，統籌戰建備重大任務，以重點突破帶動整體推進，以協調聯動提高綜合效能。

從「堅持敢打必勝」領悟人與武器的相互關系。在當今時代，隨著高新技術的快速發展以及新式武器裝備的廣泛使用，人的因素和武器因素結合得越來越緊密。面對現代戰爭中人與武器關系的新變化，習主席明確指出，“在戰爭制勝問題上，人是決定因素”，同時強調“隨著軍事技術不斷發展，裝備因素的重要性在上升”。如果武器裝備上有代差，仗就很難打了。要重視武器的因素，脫離了武器裝備這個戰爭的基本構件來講人的因素是不行的。重視裝備因素也就是重視人的因素。要發揚一不怕苦、二不怕死的戰鬥精神，敢於戰勝一切困難，敢於壓倒一切敵人。

（作者單位：國防大學習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想研究中心）

(責編：王珂園)

中國原創軍事資源：http://ztjy.people.cn/BIG5/n1/2023/1206/c457340-40132768.html

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China’s Military Accelerating Integrated Development of Mechanization, Informatization and Intelligentization

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我軍加速機械化、資訊化、智慧化融合發展

中国军网 国防部网

2020年11月25日 星期三

現代英語：

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee made new and comprehensive arrangements for national defense and military construction, aimed at achieving the goal of the centenary of the founding of the army, and clearly put forward the contemporary requirements and strategic measures for accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. Forging ahead on a new journey, focusing on accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, seizing opportunities, responding to challenges, and taking advantage of the situation are of great significance for accelerating the modernization of national defense and the army and comprehensively improving the ability to prepare for war in the new era.

Recognize the necessity of accelerating the integration of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

Those who follow the trend will win, and those who control the trend will prevail. At present, the new round of scientific and technological revolution is showing a strong trend of intelligent technology leading the way, pushing the world’s new military revolution to develop in depth. The trend of intelligent weapons and equipment is obvious, and the superposition and aggregation effect with mechanization and informatization is prominent. The war form is accelerating from mechanization to informatization, entering the stage of giving birth to intelligent warfare. It is the development and change of the times that has made the acceleration of the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence become the general trend and powerful driving force for promoting the in-depth development of military transformation, and the inevitable choice to ensure winning the initiative, winning advantages and winning the future.

Comply with the trend of the world’s military revolution. At present, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology is increasingly having a subversive impact on the field of war and combat. Seizing the strategic commanding heights of artificial intelligence and accelerating the development of artificial intelligence militarization and practical combat have become the strategic frontiers of military competition among major countries in the world. Increasing the intensity of military application of artificial intelligence technology, realizing the deep transformation and comprehensive upgrading of mechanized and informationized combat equipment, embedding artificial intelligence systems into the informationized combat command chain and action chain, and making the combat force organization more modular and integrated through intelligent transformation are the common practices of the world’s military powers in seeking new military advantages. Whether it is possible to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, especially to fully release the efficiency expansion of intelligence on mechanization and informatization, so that platform operations, system operations and precision operations can obtain higher quality and efficient intelligent support, is undoubtedly a key to whether the strategic initiative of military competition can be firmly grasped.

The need to comprehensively improve the level of modernization. Modernization has a distinct timeliness, and the requirements of the times are the key measure to measure the degree of modernization of a country and an army. Today, we are entering a stage where intelligence is the core driving force of change. The integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is not only an important symbol of the level of modernization of the country and the army, but also a fundamental measure to promote the modernization of national defense and the army. To accelerate the modernization of military theory, military organizational form, military personnel and weapons and equipment, we need to obtain a powerful engine and support for reform and innovation, transformation and upgrading, quality improvement and efficiency increase from the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, and in a certain sense, it plays an important role in determining the direction, mode and path of modernization. Only by accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, and making it run through all aspects of the whole process of promoting modernization, and promoting quality change, efficiency change and power change from a high starting point, can we comprehensively improve the level of national defense and military modernization.

The need to accelerate the transformation of combat effectiveness generation mode. The generation of combat effectiveness, from the combination of people and weapons to the element structure and the way of force release, has its mandatory era orientation and positioning. With the advent of the era of intelligent warfare, unmanned intelligent warfare has become a key factor affecting the direction of the war and even the outcome of the war. Intelligent technology and equipment have become a multiplier of mechanized and informationized combat effectiveness. Accelerating the development of military intelligence has become the strategic focus of improving the combat capability of the system and building new domains and new qualities of combat forces, making the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness increasingly dependent on the level of integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. Only by incorporating the transformation of combat effectiveness generation mode into the track of integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, building an intelligent and networked combat command platform, forming a human-machine efficient collaborative combat force use method, and making “smart victory” the core direction of combat theory innovation and combat method transformation, can combat effectiveness construction achieve substantial breakthroughs and overall leaps.

Grasp the requirements of the times to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

Accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is a new proposition of the times. Grasping its requirements of the times from the perspective of its essential connotation, mode of action and basic laws is an important prerequisite for ensuring that the integrated development has a clear direction, accurate positioning, clear ideas and practical measures.

Grasp the essential connotation of integrated development. Mechanization, informatization and intelligentization are integrated and developed, with mechanization as the foundation, informatization as the leading factor and intelligence as the direction. The so-called integrated development is to form an integrated and unified promotion pattern, build an integrated design, and gather the best and release the energy operation mode, and produce an overall effect of superposition aggregation and quality and efficiency doubling. This deep integrated development is mainly reflected in: taking cognitive integration as the guide, having a scientific understanding of the advantages of firepower, mobility, information power and intellectual value, and establishing the operational concept of comprehensive control, comprehensive integration and comprehensive victory; relying on platform integration, building a combat platform integrating main combat equipment, information network and artificial intelligence, and improving the comprehensive combat capability of full-domain, precise and unmanned; taking system integration as the core, through the embedded transformation of weapon equipment system and information network system by artificial intelligence system, the overall potential of combat force and combat elements is demonstrated with higher quality and level of system integration; with system integration as the support, coordinating the construction of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, coordinating the construction of combat force and support guarantee force, and creating an integrated joint combat system that adapts to the needs of actual combat.

Grasp the role of integrated development. The integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence is a process of showing their strengths, interacting with each other and promoting each other. It is a process of aggregating equipment advantages, information advantages and intelligence advantages. Its role is mainly reflected in: strengthening the leading role of intelligence, focusing on accelerating the development of military intelligence, insisting on using intelligence to drive the leapfrog development of mechanization and informatization, taking intelligence as the core direction of the development of weapons and equipment and information network construction, increasing the research and development of unmanned and autonomous weapons and equipment, and improving the intelligent application, intelligent management and control, and intelligent operation level of information networks, and giving full play to the maximum effect of controlling energy with intelligence, gathering excellence with intelligence, and winning with intelligence; strengthening the leading role of informatization, grasping the information network system as a handle, accelerating the construction of command information systems and information combat systems, using the advantages of information technology to upgrade and transform existing weapons and equipment, and developing precise, intelligent, integrated, and efficient informationized weapons and equipment, and maximizing the adhesion and integration of information networks on combat systems and effectiveness; strengthening the basic role of mechanization, insisting on taking the mechanization of weapons and equipment as the material basis and carrier for the development of intelligence and informatization, strengthening the construction of weapons and equipment systems, and working hard to fill the gaps in the system and make up for the shortcomings and weaknesses, greatly improving the application level of information technology and intelligent technology in weapons and equipment, and enhancing the scientificity, pertinence, and cutting-edge nature of equipment construction and development.

Grasp the basic laws of integrated development. Mechanization, informatization and intelligence are inevitably closely linked, and together they constitute the key support for the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. The basic laws of integrated development are mainly manifested in: the progressive nature of development and change, which reflects the different historical stages of the evolution of war forms, changes in combat methods, and the development of weapons and equipment in the time sequence; in terms of interaction, the former is the premise and foundation of the latter (for example, mechanization is the foundation and premise of informatization, and informatization is the foundation and premise of intelligence), and the latter is the development trend and higher potential of the former. With the long-term nature of overlapping and coexisting, the former will produce a marginal diminishing effect when it develops to a certain stage, and the latter needs to inject new momentum and vitality into it, but the latter is not a negation or end of the former, but a repositioning and orientation of the former. What needs to be achieved is the “three-in-one” inclusiveness, rather than the “three-choice” mutual exclusion. It has inclusive complementarity. Mechanization focuses on entities, informatization focuses on data, and intelligence focuses on algorithms. The stronger the foundation of the former, the greater the degree of realization of the latter; the stronger the traction of the latter, the faster the upgrading of the former. It has the empowerment of improving quality and efficiency. Weapon platforms need information networks to empower them, and weapon platforms and information networks need artificial intelligence to empower them. This is a process of optimization and upgrading, improving quality and efficiency, and achieving a new leap in combat effectiveness, quality and efficiency.

Tighten the strategic grasp to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence

To accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, we should plan, act and follow the trend, focus on combat effectiveness as the only fundamental standard, continuously promote the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and realize the party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era.

We should focus on preparing for war. Wars change with the times, and victory changes with the times. We should take accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence as an important mission topic to comprehensively improve the ability to prepare for war in the new era. Focus on mission tasks, focus on the new requirements for winning modern wars, conduct in-depth research on the winning mechanism and changes in combat methods brought about by the evolution of war forms, grasp the new characteristics of the informationized and intelligent battlefield, actively explore new tactics for using and responding to intelligent weapons, and improve the informationized and intelligent combat capabilities; focus on transformation and construction, accelerate the transformation of combat effectiveness generation to informatization and intelligence, take military intelligent construction and combat as the main line, accelerate the construction of new domains and new types of combat forces, increase the training of informationized and intelligent talents, and strive to achieve the overall reshaping of combat forces and combat systems; focus on training with war, actively explore new ways of informationized and intelligent training, examine future battlefields and combat opponents from the perspective of “smart war” and “smart victory”, enhance the pertinence of mission topics and emergency response training, use intelligent technology to improve the level of science and technology training, and promote practical training to a higher quality level.

We must focus on deepening reform. Reform is a key move to strengthen the army and win the future. We must accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence as an important focus of deepening national defense and military reform. We must insist on seeking combat effectiveness from reform, focus on the prominent characteristics of the army’s lean, integrated, miniaturized, modular, and multi-functional nature in the intelligent era, design reforms with a forward-looking, innovative, and open mind, establish a smooth and efficient leadership, command, and support mechanism, further integrate force resources, streamline the construction and management mechanism, and optimize the organizational structure. Adapting to the requirements of being able to fight and win battles, we must build a strategic and campaign command system that is integrated in peacetime and wartime, operates normally, specializes in the main business, is lean and efficient, and build a joint combat force system with elite combat forces as the main body, promote the development of the force organization in the direction of enrichment, synthesis, multi-functionality, and flexibility, implement modular organization, building block combination, and task-based joint, build a force with multiple capabilities and broad adaptability, and promote the overall leap in combat effectiveness through system structure optimization and reconstruction.

We should stick to the support point of innovation-driven development. Innovation is the core support for the development of combat effectiveness. We should accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence as the focus of implementing the innovation-driven development strategy. We should seek breakthroughs in the innovation of combat theory, closely follow the development trend of military revolution and the recent wars in the world, study the development and application of high-tech, especially intelligent technology and its impact on war, study the new characteristics, new styles and new mechanisms of intelligent warfare, study the winning strategies of intelligent warfare and combat, and accelerate the construction of a combat theory system with the characteristics of our army and in line with the laws of modern warfare. We should seek breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation, focus on independent innovation and original innovation in national defense science and technology, take the military application of high-tech, especially artificial intelligence technology, as the main direction, accelerate the implementation of major strategic projects in national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment, accelerate the development of strategic, cutting-edge and disruptive technologies, accelerate the upgrading and replacement of weapons and equipment and the development of intelligent weapons and equipment, strive to achieve the transformation from following and running side by side to running side by side and leading, and provide stronger scientific and technological support for the transformation and construction of our army’s combat effectiveness.

(Author’s unit: Joint Operations College of National Defense University)

現代國語：

黨的十九屆五中全會對國防和軍隊建設作出新的全面部署，著眼實現建軍百年奮鬥目標，明確提出加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展的時代要求和戰略舉措。奮進新征程，聚力加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，搶抓機遇，應對挑戰，乘勢而上，對於加速國防和軍隊現代化、全面提高新時代備戰打仗能力具有極其重要的意義。

認清加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展的時代必然性

順勢者贏，駕馭者勝。目前，新一輪科技革命呈現智慧化技術強勁引領的態勢，推動世界新軍事革命向縱深發展，武器裝備智慧化趨勢明顯、與機械化資訊化的疊加聚合效應凸顯，戰爭形態在加速由機械化向訊息化演變中，進入到催生智慧化戰爭階段。正是時代發展與變革，使加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，成為推動軍事變革深入發展的大勢所趨和強大動力，成為確保贏得主動、贏得優勢、贏得未來的必然選擇。

順應世界軍事革命潮流之需。目前，人工智慧技術正在高速發展，正日益對戰爭和作戰領域產生顛覆性影響。搶佔人工智慧戰略制高點，加速人工智慧軍事化實戰化發展，成為世界主要國家軍事競爭的戰略前線。加大人工智慧技術軍事應用的力度，實現對機械化、資訊化作戰裝備的深度改造、全面升級，把人工智慧系統嵌入資訊化作戰指揮鏈、行動鏈，透過智慧化改造使作戰力量編成更加模組化、一體化，是世界軍事大國謀求新的軍事優勢的通行做法。能否加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，特別是充分釋放智慧化對機械化、資訊化的效能拓展，讓平台作戰、體係作戰、精準作戰獲得更高質高效的智慧化支撐，無疑是能否牢牢把握軍事競爭戰略主動權的一個關鍵。

全面提升現代化建設水準之需。現代化有著鮮明的時代性，時代要求是衡量一個國家、一支軍隊現代化程度的關鍵尺度。當今時代，正進入到以智慧化為核心變革動力的階段，機械化資訊化智能化的融合發展，既是國家和軍隊現代化水平的重要標誌，也是推進國防和軍隊現代化的根本性舉措。加速軍事理論、軍隊組織形態、軍事人員和武器裝備現代化，都需從機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展中，獲得變革創新、轉型升級、提質增效的強力引擎和支撐，並在一定意義上起著決定現代化建設發展方向、發展方式、發展路徑的重要角色。只有加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，使之貫穿到推動現代化建設的全過程各環節，在高起點上推動品質變革、效率變革、動力變革，才能全面提升國防與軍事現代化建設水準。

加快轉變戰鬥力生成模式之需。戰鬥力的生成，從人與武器的結合到要素結構、力量釋放方式，都有其強制性的時代定向、定位。智慧化戰爭時代的到來，無人智慧化作戰成為影響戰局走向乃至戰爭勝負的關鍵要素，智慧化技術裝備成為機械化、資訊化作戰效能的倍增器，加速軍事智慧化發展成為提升體係作戰能力、打造新域新質作戰力量的戰略重心，使戰鬥力的生成與提升愈來愈取決於機械化資訊化智慧化的融合發展水準。只有把轉變戰鬥力生成模式納入機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的軌道，建構智慧化網路化的作戰指揮平台，形成人機高效協同的作戰力量運用方式，讓「智勝」成為作戰理論創新、作戰方式變革的核心指向，才能使戰鬥力建設取得實質突破、實現整體性躍升。

掌握加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的時代要求

加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展是一個全新的時代命題，從本質內涵、作用方式、基本規律上把握其時代要求，是確保融合發展方向明、定位準、思路清、舉措實的重要前提。

掌握融合發展本質內涵。機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，機械化是基礎，資訊化是主導，智能化是方向。所謂融合發展，就是形成融為一體、合而為一的推進格局，建構一體設計、聚優釋能的運作模式，產生疊加聚合、質效倍增的整體效應。這種深度融合發展主要體現在：以認知融合為先導，具有對火力、機動力、資訊力和智力價值優勢的科學認知，確立綜合製權、綜合整合、綜合製勝的作戰理念；以平台融合為依托，建構主戰裝備、資訊網路、人工智慧融為一體的作戰平台，提升全域化、精確化、無人化的綜合作戰能力；以系統融合為內核，透過人工智慧系統對武器裝備系統、資訊網路系統的嵌入式改造，以更高品質和水平的系統整合展現作戰力量、作戰要素的整體勢能；以體系融合為支撐，統籌機械化資訊化智能化建設，統籌作戰力量、支援保障力量建設，打造適應實戰需求的一體化聯合作戰體系。

把握融合發展作用方式。機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，是各展其長、互為作用、相互促進的過程，是聚合裝備優勢、資訊優勢、智能優勢的過程。其作用方式集中體現在：強化智能化的引領作用，聚焦加速軍事智能化發展，堅持以智能化牽引機械化、信息化跨越式發展，把智能化作為武器裝備和信息網絡建設發展的核心指向，加大研發無人化、自主化武器裝備的力度，提升資訊網路的智慧應用、智慧管控、智慧運作水平，發揮以智駕馭能、以智聚優、以智取勝的最大效應；強化資訊化的主導作用，扭住資訊網路體系這個抓手，加快指揮資訊系統、資訊作戰系統建設，運用資訊科技優勢升級改造現有武器裝備，開發精確、智慧、融通、高效的資訊化武器裝備，最大限度地發揮資訊網路對作戰體系與效能的黏合力、整合力；強化機械化的基礎作用，堅持將武器裝備機械化作為智慧化、資訊化發展的物質基礎與載體，加強武器裝備體系建設，在填補體系空白、補齊短板弱項上下功夫，大幅提升武器裝備的資訊科技、智慧技術應用水平，增強裝備建設發展的科學性、針對性、前沿性。

把握融合發展基本法則。機械化資訊化智能化之間有著必然的內在的緊密聯繫，共同構成戰鬥力生成和提升的關鍵支撐。其融合發展的基本法則主要表現在：具有發展變革的遞進性，在展開時序上，反映了戰爭形態演進、作戰方式變革、武器裝備發展的不同歷史階段；在相互作用上，前者是後者的前提和基礎（例如機械化是資訊化的基礎和前提，資訊化是智慧化的基礎和前提），後者是前者的發展趨向和更高位能。具有交疊並存的長期性，前者發展到某一階段會產生邊際遞減效應，需要後者為其註入新動能、新活力，但後者不是對前者的否定和終結，而是對前者的重新定位和定向，所要達成的是「三合一」式的兼容並蓄，而不是「三選一」式的互斥排他。具有相容且蓄的互補性，機械化以實體為重心，資訊化以數據為重心，智能化以演算法為重心，前者的基礎越牢，後者的實現程度就越大；後者的牽引作用越強，前者的升級換代就越快。具有提質增效的賦能性，武器平台需要資訊網路為其賦能，武器平台、資訊網路需要人工智慧為其賦能，這是優化升級、提質增效的過程，是實現戰鬥力品質效能新躍升的過程。

緊扭加快機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展的策略性抓手

加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，應因勢而謀、應勢而動、順勢而為，緊緊圍繞以戰鬥力這個唯一的根本標準，不斷推進國防和軍隊現代化建設，實現黨在新時代的強軍目標。

扭住備戰打仗這個聚焦點。戰爭因時而化，勝戰據時而變。要把加速機械化資訊化智能化融合發展，作為全面提升新時代備戰打仗能力的重要使命課題。聚焦使命任務，著眼打贏現代化戰爭的新要求，深入研究戰爭形態演變帶來的致勝機理、作戰方式之變，掌握資訊化智能化戰場的新特點，積極探索運用與應對智慧武器的新戰法，提升資訊化智慧化作戰能力；聚焦轉型建設，加速推進戰鬥力生成向資訊化、智慧化轉型，以軍事智慧化建設與作戰為主線，加速新域新質作戰力量建設，加大資訊化智慧化人才的培養力度，著力實現作戰力量、作戰體系的整體重塑；聚焦以戰領訓，積極探索資訊化智慧化訓練的新路子，從「智戰」「智勝」視角審視未來戰場、作戰對手，增強使命課題、應急應戰訓練的針對性，運用智能技術提昇科技興訓水平，推動實戰化訓練向更高質量水平發展。

扭住深化改革這個著力點。改革是強軍興軍、制勝未來的關鍵一招。要把加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，作為深化國防和軍事改革的重要著力點。堅持向改革要戰力，著眼智慧時代軍隊精幹化、一體化、小型化、模組化、多能化的突出特徵，以前瞻、創新、開放的思路設計改革，建立順暢高效的領導、指揮、保障機制，進一步整合力量資源、理順建管機制、優化編成結構。適應能打仗、打勝仗的要求，建構平戰一體、常態運作、專司主營、精幹高效的戰略戰役指揮體系，建構以精銳作戰力量為主體的聯合作戰力量體系，推動部隊編成向充實、合成、多能、靈活方向發展，實行模組化編組、積木式組合、任務式聯合，打造具備多種能力和廣泛適應性的部隊，透過體系結構優化再造促進戰鬥力整體躍升。

扭住創新驅動這個支撐點。創新是戰鬥力建設發展的核心支撐力。要把加速機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展，作為實施創新驅動發展策略的重心。在作戰理論創新上求突破，密切追蹤軍事革命發展趨勢和近期世界發生的戰爭，研究高新技術特別是智慧化技術發展運用及對戰爭的影響，研究智能化作戰的新特徵、新樣式、新機理，研究智慧化戰爭與作戰的致勝方略，加速建構具有我軍特色、符合現代戰爭規律的作戰理論體系。在科技創新上求突破，聚力國防科技自主創新、原始創新，把高新技術特別是人工智慧技術的軍事應用作為主攻方向，加速實施國防科技與武器裝備重大戰略工程，加速戰略性前沿性顛覆性技術發展，加速武器裝備升級換代和智慧化武器裝備發展，奮力實現由跟跑並跑向並跑領跑的轉變，為我軍戰鬥力轉型建設提供更強勁的科技支撐。

（作者單位：國防大學聯合作戰學院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/gfbmap/content/2020-11/25/content_276619888.htm

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Chinese Military Focusing on Essential Characteristics of Integrated Development of Mechanization, Informatization and Intelligentization

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現代英語：

Source: Liberation Army News Author: Yuan Yi, Xu Jinhua, Li Zhifei Editor-in-charge: Wang Feng 2020-12-01 10:xx:xx

introduction

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, while emphasizing the need to accelerate the modernization of national defense and the armed forces and achieve the unity of enriching the country and strengthening the military, pointed out the need to accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence (hereinafter referred to as the “three modernizations”), thereby raising the requirements for the integrated development of the “three modernizations” to a strategic level. We must conscientiously implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, carry out scientific strategic positioning, strategic planning, and strategic deployment for the integrated development of the “three modernizations”, and vigorously promote the integrated development of the “three modernizations” to expand in depth and breadth. We must accurately grasp the essential connotation of the integrated development of the “three modernizations”.

The era background of the integrated development of the “three transformations”

The parallel advancement, mutual promotion and integrated development of the “three transformations” have profound historical inevitability and are the only way for our military to modernize national defense and the armed forces in the future.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” is in line with the concept of mechanization and informatization. Since the late 1990s, our army has promptly proposed to promote the integrated development of mechanization and informatization. At that time, the war situation was changing from mechanization to informatization. National defense and military construction must take the path of leapfrog development. There is no need to wait until the entire process of mechanization construction of the military of developed countries is completed before engaging in informatization. We should strive to promote the integrated development of mechanization and informatization. We must strive to leapfrog certain stages of mechanization development, and at the same time learn from the mistakes and lessons of mechanization and informatization construction of the military of developed countries, and take as few detours as possible. The experience and lessons learned from the integrated development of national defense and military mechanization and informatization provide valuable experience for how to coordinate the integrated development of the “three transformations” at this stage.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” reflects the reality of the current “multiple forms of warfare”. In today’s world, a new wave of military revolution characterized by military intelligence is sweeping across the world, and the armies of major countries in the world are striding towards the threshold of intelligence. However, due to the imbalance in the development of scientific and technological levels and military strength among countries in the world, several local wars and armed conflicts in the world have shown the characteristics of “multiple forms of warfare” of mechanization, informationization, and intelligence. In the Syrian War, low-end, cheap civilian pickup trucks danced with high-end, expensive stealth aircraft, crudely made homemade rockets and high-precision cruise missiles flew together, and the highly informationized and intelligent U.S. and Russian armies, the highly mechanized Syrian and Turkish armies, and the opposition with a very low mechanization level, jointly performed an alternative “hybrid war” on the Syrian battlefield, in which mechanized warfare, informationized warfare, and elementary intelligent warfare overlapped with each other.

The integrated development of the “three modernizations” is in line with the stage characteristics of the current national social and economic development. my country’s path to modernization is very different from that of Western developed countries. Western developed countries have a “serial” development process, with industrialization, urbanization, agricultural modernization, and informatization developing in sequence, and it took more than 200 years to develop to the current level. my country’s development must be a “parallel” process, with industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization developing in an overlapping manner. The national social and economic foundation is the basic support for national defense and military construction. It is precisely the “parallel” development characteristics of my country’s current social economy that determine that national defense and military construction must adopt the “three modernizations” integrated development mode.

The integrated development of the “three transformations” is adapted to the current level of development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence in the military. After long-term efforts, our military has basically achieved mechanization, and has made significant progress in informatization construction, but is also facing opportunities and challenges of intelligence. The special national and military conditions make it impossible and impossible for our military to copy the development path of the Western developed countries represented by the US military. “Step-by-step” development may lead to the loss of the historical opportunity of promoting intelligence to accelerate the completion of mechanization and informatization, and leading and promoting the development of mechanization and informatization to a higher stage.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that “we should accelerate the development of intelligent military and improve the joint combat capability and all-domain combat capability based on the network information system”, “basically realize mechanization by 2020, make significant progress in informatization construction, and greatly enhance strategic capabilities”, and “strive to basically realize the modernization of national defense and the army by 2035, and build the people’s army into a world-class army in an all-round way by the middle of this century.” On the eve of the August 1st Army Day this year, President Xi Jinping proposed the strategic idea of ​​”accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence” when presiding over the 22nd collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on strengthening national defense and military modernization. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee further emphasized and deployed this, and incorporated it into the 14th Five-Year Plan and the 2035 Vision Goals for implementation, marking that the requirements for the integrated development of the “three transformations” have been elevated to a strategic level and have become an important guiding ideology for leading national defense and military construction.

The essential connotation of the integrated development of the “three transformations”

The “integration” in the “three transformations” does not mean mixing, combining or compounding. The word “integration” in the physical sense means melting or melting into one; in the psychological sense, it means that after a certain collision or contact, different individuals or groups tend to merge into one in terms of cognition, emotion or attitude. The integrated development of the “three transformations” in national defense and military construction refers to the coordinated mutual tolerance, mutual penetration and mutual promotion of mechanization, informationization and intelligence, from “you are you and I am me” to “you have me and I have you”, and then to “you are me and I am you”, reaching the level of perfect integration and unity, and thus producing a superposition effect, aggregation effect and multiplication effect, and realizing a leap in the overall combat capability.

The basic laws and main characteristics of the integrated development of the “three transformations”. The main ones are: First, the “three transformations” are progressive and orderly dependent. From a chronological perspective, the “three transformations” did not originate at the same time. Without the previous “transformation” as a premise, foundation and input, there would be no occurrence and development of the latter “transformation”. The previous “transformation” provides an important material basis for the latter “transformation”. Second, the “three transformations” overlap and penetrate each other. Informatization is not the end of mechanization. There is still a certain degree of mechanization in the process of informatization. Intelligence is not the end of mechanization and informatization. There is still a certain degree of informatization and mechanization in the process of intelligence. Third, intelligence and informatization can enhance the efficiency of mechanization through virtual control. The “real” here mainly refers to the hardware represented by physical entities such as combat platforms and ammunition, and the “virtual” mainly refers to software with combat data, algorithms, etc. as the core. Mechanization is mainly based on hardware construction, while informatization and intelligence are mainly based on software construction. “Software defines everything”, and hardware is optimized, upgraded, empowered and made more efficient through software. With the in-depth development of the integration of the “three transformations”, the construction priority will be that load will surpass platform, software will surpass load, and algorithm will surpass software.

The internal mechanism and driving mechanism of the integrated development of the “three transformations”. The main ones are: First, the superposition of advantages. Practice has proved that no matter whether it is mechanization, informatization or intelligence, the supporting technology group of each “transformation” will give birth to new weapons and equipment, generate new combat forces, and ultimately form new combat capabilities with different combat mechanisms. These new combat capabilities and the original combat capabilities are combined with advantages to produce a system outflow effect and greatly enhance the overall combat capability of the army.

The second is upgrading and expansion. Informatization aggregates and upgrades mechanized combat systems into informationized combat systems through digital transformation and networking of various mechanized combat platforms, making a qualitative leap in combat effectiveness. Intelligence can also be integrated with mechanization and informatization through upgrading and expansion. On the one hand, intelligent technology is used to upgrade the “brain” of the combat platform – the control system, and promote the control mode of unmanned combat platforms such as drones, unmanned boats, and unmanned ground vehicles, in accordance with the human direct operation mode, human assistance mode, human authorization mode, fully autonomous mode, and machine adaptive mode. After some old combat platforms are upgraded through informatization and intelligent transformation, they can also realize remote control operation and cooperate with manned platforms. On the other hand, the use of intelligent technology to optimize and upgrade the informationized combat system has greatly enhanced its capabilities in information acquisition, transmission, processing, sharing, security and other aspects, and the system’s combat capability has been comprehensively improved again.

The third is to make up for shortcomings and replace them. From the history of military construction, in the process of deepening development of a certain “ization”, bottleneck problems that are difficult to solve by relying solely on its own technical system often appear, and other “ization” technical means and development ideas are urgently needed to find a new way to solve them. At present, machinery is becoming more and more sophisticated and complex, and the difficulty of design and control is increasing; informatization leads to “information explosion”, massive data is generated, rapidly diffused, true and false are mixed, and it is increasingly difficult to quickly transform into useful information. These problems are difficult to be effectively solved within the technical system of mechanization and informatization itself. To break through the bottleneck of mechanical control capabilities and information processing capabilities, the use of intelligent technical means is an important option. Conversely, the technological breakthroughs and applications produced by the previous “ization” may also offset the shortcomings of the latter “ization”. For example, the speed of hypersonic missiles can exceed the reaction capability of the informationized defense combat system and achieve rapid penetration; high-energy microwave weapons can directly destroy networks and electronic equipment, etc., which to a certain extent offset the opponent’s information advantage.

現代國語：

來源：解放軍報 作者：袁藝 徐金華 李志飛 責任編輯：王鳳 2020-12-01 10:xx:xx
引 言

黨的十九屆五中全會在強調加速國防和軍隊現代化，實現富國和強軍相統一時指出，加快機械化資訊化智能化（以下簡稱「三化」）融合發展，從而把「三化」融合發展要求提升到了戰略全局高度。認真貫徹落實十九屆五中全會精神，對「三化」融合發展進行科學的戰略定位、戰略規劃和戰略部署，大力推動「三化」融合發展向深度廣度拓展，要準確把握好「三化」融合發展的本質內涵。

「三化」融合發展的時代背景

「三化」並行推進、互促共生、一體發展，具有深刻的歷史必然性，是我軍未來一段時期國防和軍隊現代化建設的必經之路。

「三化」融合發展與機械化資訊化複合發展概念一脈相承。自上世紀90年代末期以來，我軍及時提出推動機械化資訊化複合發展。當時，戰爭形態正由機械化轉變為資訊化。國防和軍隊建設必須走跨越式發展的道路，沒有必要等到走完發達國家軍隊機械化建設的全部過程再來搞資訊化，應該努力推進機械化和資訊化的複合發展。既要努力跨越機械化發展的某些階段，同時還要吸取發達國家軍隊機械化和資訊化建設失誤教訓，盡可能少走彎路。國防與軍隊機械化資訊化復合發展的經驗教訓，為如何統籌現階段「三化」融合發展提供了寶貴經驗。

「三化」融合發展反映了當前戰爭形態「多態並存」的現實狀況。當今世界，以軍事智能化為特徵的新一輪軍事革命浪潮撲面而來，世界主要國家軍隊正大步向智能化的門檻邁進，但由於世界各國科技水平和軍事實力發展的不平衡，使得在幾次世界局部戰爭與武裝沖突中，呈現出機械化資訊化智慧化戰爭「多態並存」的特點。敘利亞戰爭中，低端廉價的民用皮卡與高端昂貴的隱身飛機共舞，粗製濫造的土製火箭與高精度的巡航導彈齊飛，高度信息化並向智能化邁進的美軍、俄軍，較高機械化程度的敘軍、土軍，以及機械化程度很低的反對派，在敘利亞戰場共同演繹了機械化戰爭、資訊化戰爭和初級智能化戰爭三種戰爭形態相互交疊的另類「混合戰爭」。

「三化」融合發展符合當前國家社會經濟發展的階段性特徵。我國實現現代化之路同西方發達國家有很大不同。西方發達國家是一個「串聯式」的發展過程，工業化、城鎮化、農業現代化、資訊化順序發展，發展到目前水準花了二百多年時間。我國發展必然是一個「並聯式」的過程，工業化、資訊化、城鎮化、農業現代化是疊加發展的。國家社會經濟基礎是國防和軍隊建設的基本依托，正是當前我國社會經濟的「並聯式」發展特點，決定了國防和軍隊建設必然採取「三化」融合發展方式。

「三化」融合發展適應了當前軍隊機械化資訊化智慧化發展水準。經過長期努力，當前我軍基本上實現機械化，資訊化建設取得重大進展，又面臨智慧化的機會與挑戰。特殊的國情軍情，使得我軍不可能也不會複製以美軍為代表的西方發達國家軍隊的發展路徑。 「按部就班」式發展可能導致錯失智能化促進加速完成機械化資訊化、並引領和推動機械化資訊化向更高階段發展的歷史機遇。

黨的十九大報告指出，「加速軍事智能化發展，提高基於網絡資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全局作戰能力」「到二○二○年基本實現機械化，資訊化建設取得重大進展，戰略能力有大的提升」「力爭二○三五年基本實現國防和軍隊現代化，到本世紀中葉把人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊」。今年八一建軍節前夕，習主席在主持中共中央政治局就加強國防和軍隊現代化建設舉行的第二十二次集體學習時，提出「加快機械化資訊化智能化融合發展」這一戰略思想，黨的十九屆五中全會對此做了進一步強調部署，並納入十四五規劃和二○三五年遠景目標中加以落實，標誌著「三化」融合發展要求提升到了戰略全局高度，成為引領國防和軍隊建設的重要指導思想。

「三化」融合發展的本質內涵

「三化」融合中的「融合」不等於混合、化合或複合。 「融合」一詞，物理意義上是指熔成或如熔化那樣融成一體；心理意義上是指不同個體或不同群體在一定的碰撞或接觸之後，認知、情感或態度傾向融為一體。國防與軍隊建設中的「三化」融合發展，則是指統籌協調機械化資訊化智慧化相互包容、相互滲透、相互促進，從「你是你、我是我」變成「你中有我、我中有你”，進而變成“你就是我，我就是你”，達到水乳交融、合而為一的程度，並由此產生疊加效應、聚合效應和倍增效應，實現整體戰鬥力質的躍升。

「三化」融合發展的基本規律與主要特點。主要有：一是「三化」逐次遞進有序依存。從時序上看，“三化”不是同時起源的，沒有前一“化”作為前提、基礎和輸入，就沒有後一“化”的發生和發展，前一“化”為後一“化”提供了重要的物質基礎。二是「三化」相互交疊相互滲透。資訊化不是機械化的終結，資訊化過程中還有一定的機械化，智慧化也不是機械化、資訊化的終結，智慧化過程中還有一定的資訊化、機械化。三是智慧化資訊化對機械化以虛控實賦能增效。這裡所說的「實」主要是指以作戰平台、彈藥等物理實體為代表的硬件，「虛」主要是指以作戰數據、演算法等為核心的軟件。機械化以硬體建設為主，資訊化和智能化則以軟件建設為主，“軟件定義一切”，通過軟件對硬體進行優化升級和賦能增效。隨著「三化」融合的深入發展，在建設優先級上，將會是載荷超越平台、軟件超越載荷、演算法超越軟件。

「三化」融合發展的內在機理與驅動機制。主要有：一是優勢疊加。實踐證明，不管是機械化、資訊化或智慧化，每一「化」的支撐技術群都會催生出新型武器裝備，產生新型作戰力量，最終形成不同作戰機理的新質作戰能力。這些新質作戰能力與原有作戰能力綜合運用優勢疊加，能夠產生系統湧現效應，極大提升軍隊整體作戰能力。

二是升級拓展。資訊化透過對各類機械化作戰平台進行數字化改造和網絡化鏈接，將機械化作戰體系聚合升級為信息化作戰體系，使得戰鬥力產生質的飛躍。智能化也可透過升級拓展方式，與機械化、資訊化融為一體。一方面，運用智慧技術升級作戰平台的「大腦」──操控系統，推動無人機、無人艇、無人地面車輛等無人化作戰平台的控制方式，依照人類直接操作模式、人類協助模式、人類授權模式、完全自主模式、機器自適應模式的逐次遞進方式升級。一些老舊作戰平台進行資訊化智慧化改造升級後，也可以實現遙控操作並與有人平台協同作戰。另一方面，運用智慧技術優化升級資訊化作戰體系，使其資訊取得、傳輸、處理、分享、安全等各個環節能力都大幅增強，體係作戰能力再次全面提升。

三是補短替代。從軍隊建設歷史來看，某一「化」在深化發展過程中，往往會出現僅靠自身技術體系難以解決的瓶頸問題，迫切需要其他「化」的技術手段和發展思維另闢蹊徑來加以解決。當前，機械越來越精密復雜，設計和控制難度越來越大；信息化導致“信息爆炸”，海量數據產生、急劇擴散、真假混雜，快速轉化為有用信息的難度越來越大，這些問題在機械化、資訊化自身技術體系內難以有效解決。要突破機械操控能力、資訊處理能力瓶頸，運用智慧化的技術手段是重要選項。反過來說，前一「化」產生的技術突破及應用也可能抵消後一「化」的不​​足。如高超聲速導彈速度可以超出資訊化防禦作戰體系的反應能力實現快速突防，高能量微波武器可直接破壞網絡和電子設備等，這都在一定程度上抵消了對手的信息優勢。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4874873888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Infratsructure, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

China’s Prosperity and Economic Development Support a Strong Chinese Military Culture that Wins Battles

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中國的繁榮與經濟發展支撐起強大的中國軍事文化

現代英語：

A strong military culture is the internal guarantee for the People’s Army to be invincible, victorious in all battles, and to continue to grow and develop. It is the spiritual fertile soil that nourishes officers and soldiers and an important factor in improving the combat effectiveness of the troops. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to “flourish and develop a strong military culture and strengthen the cultivation of fighting spirit.” For the People’s Army, to thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping’s cultural thoughts is to prosper and develop a strong military culture. Through cultural education and edification, we can cultivate the fighting spirit and heroic and tenacious fighting style of the officers and soldiers, and use advanced culture to sharpen their spirit of defeating the enemy and winning, so as to provide spiritual motivation for fighting and winning battles, and truly let the strong military culture point to winning and Win with service and win with support.

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In order to comprehensively strengthen military training and preparation and improve the people’s army’s ability to win, we must pay attention to the value function of strong military culture in educating people for war and helping to strengthen the army. The prosperity and development of a strong military culture that supports victory is not only a historical heritage and a requirement of the times, but also the call of the cause of building a strong military.

The fundamental direction of continuing the cultural tradition of our army. Culture is the root of a nation’s prosperity and an important support for the strength of an army. More than 80 years ago, Comrade Mao Zedong said at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art: “If we want to defeat the enemy, we must first rely on the army with guns in their hands. But it is not enough to have such an army. We must also have a cultural army, which is In the long-term practice of revolution, construction and reform, our army has forged the “cultural gene” of victory and the “cultural bloodline” of heroes with blood and life, nourishing generation after generation. A generation of officers and soldiers. The war culture of everything for victory contains a strong blood gene and demonstrates a clear direction of winning. In the new era and new journey, the key to extracting the essence and drawing energy from the cultural traditions of our army is to focus on sharpening the sharp sword of the officers and soldiers’ fighting spirit, continuously enhancing the officers and soldiers’ awareness of fighting for war, and constantly strengthening the spirit of being happy when hearing about war, being brave and tenacious, The martial spirit of daring to fight and winning.

An inevitable choice to adapt to the evolution of war forms. The new world military revolution is driving the evolution of warfare forms towards information warfare with intelligent characteristics, showing characteristics such as informatization of technical forms, systematization of organizational forms, and digitalization of weapons and equipment. The evolution of war forms will inevitably lead to the reshaping of military culture forms. From mechanized warfare to information-based and intelligent warfare, from “large-scale” combat and “deep” assault to “asymmetric warfare”, “non-linear warfare”, “integrated joint warfare”, and then to “multi-domain precision warfare”. “Cognitive domain warfare”, the evolution of the mechanism of winning wars has promoted corresponding changes in the military cultural form. On the new journey, our army will promote the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence. We must not only accelerate the iteration and update of weapons and equipment, but also actively promote the transformation and development of military culture, and shape and embody the characteristics of the times in terms of military theory, strategy and tactics, and fighting spirit. Create a strong military culture in the new era that adapts to the development of the times and is in line with technological progress to support winning battles.

An essential requirement for the prosperity and development of a strong military culture. The fundamental function of a strong military culture is to fight, which determines that the fundamental purpose of building a strong military culture is to provide spiritual motivation for the army to fight and win. The culture of a strong military is extremely permeable and durable. The loyalty and fighting will it contains forge the spirit of the people’s army and cultivate the invincible combat effectiveness of the people’s army. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the People’s Army has been reborn from the ashes and transformed. The whole army has focused on being able to fight and win battles, and has taken the prosperity and development of a strong military culture as a powerful measure to boost combat effectiveness, which is closely integrated with the generation of combat effectiveness. Together, it is closely integrated with the main responsibilities and tasks of the military, continuously improving the contribution rate of strong military culture to combat effectiveness, and fully demonstrating the combat function of strong military culture in training and preparation for war.

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To prosper and develop a strong military culture that supports victory, we must be guided by Xi Jinping’s thoughts on strengthening the military, grasp the main thread, highlight the key points, and strive to cultivate a strong military cultural system with combat culture, joint culture, and special military culture as the main content. .

Cultivate a fighting culture that can win battles. Combat culture reflects the inherent essence of a strong military culture and determines the value positioning and value orientation of a strong military culture. Combat culture is a bloody culture that has been tempered, refined and accumulated through military struggle practice. It has a profound cultural heritage, strong combat characteristics and distinct characteristics of the times. Its value function is mainly manifested in strengthening the awareness of fighting, improving combat skills, and sharpening the fighting spirit. Spirit is an important component of combat effectiveness, the main body of the strong military cultural system, and an important magic weapon for the People’s Army to win victory. To cultivate a combat culture, we must focus on strengthening the responsibility of officers and soldiers to serve in the army, lead the army in combat, and train the army for combat, and the combat spirit of “not fearing hardship or death” and the combat quality of being brave and tenacious and daring to fight and win, and effectively raise the combat effectiveness standard As the basic focus and fundamental foothold for the prosperity and development of a strong military culture, and as the fundamental measure for testing the quality and effectiveness of building a strong military culture.

Cultivate a joint culture of winning together. In modern warfare, there is no war without integration and no victory without integration. The basic combat style is integrated joint operations. Joint culture is the sum of the joint knowledge system, values, ways of thinking and behavioral norms required to win modern warfare, and is widely permeated in the joint combat system, force structure, behavioral codes and models. It is like an invisible hand, powerfully pushing the joint combat system from “form connection” to “spiritual connection”, from “core connection” to “heart connection”. To cultivate a joint culture, we must rely on mission-driven and joint exercises and training to build a political soul for officers and soldiers to obey the Party’s command, cultivate the concept of joint victory, improve the knowledge system of joint operations, temper the thinking mode of integration and linkage, and cultivate common emotions. and values, a strong and stable collective psychological identity, and an unbreakable will to win.

Cultivate a rich and colorful military culture. When only one flower blooms it is not spring, but when a hundred flowers bloom the garden fills with spring. In the course of military practice, our army has formed distinctive military and arms cultures, including the Army’s “Armored Iron Stream” culture, the “Artillery God of War” culture, the “Army Aviation War Eagle” culture, the Navy’s “Deep Blue Culture”, the Air Force’s “Sky Culture”, and the Air Force’s “Sky Culture”. The “Eagle”, “Sky Ladder” and “Sky Arrow” cultures; the Rocket Force’s “Sword Sharpening Culture” and “Long Ribbon Culture”, and so on. The magnificent flowers of military culture not only constitute a unique spiritual symbol, but also serve as a “multiplier” for enhancing the combat effectiveness of the troops. Creating a military culture with distinctive characteristics and profound heritage does not conflict with cultivating a joint culture. The culture of each service supports the joint culture, and the joint culture realizes the organic integration of the cultures of each service. The deeper the roots of the distinctive cultures of each service are, the stronger the combat effectiveness of the joint culture will be, and the more combat-effective it will be. At the same time, we should vigorously carry out colorful military camp cultural activities, use distinctive culture to forge the military soul, gather soldiers’ hearts, and boost morale, strive to create a lively situation where everyone has a stage, and more effectively play the role of educating people with culture, Use culture to educate people and use culture to support war.

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To prosper and develop the culture of strengthening the army in the new era, we must insist on serving and winning as the fundamental direction, strengthen historical confidence, and continue the genes of victory; insist on fighting for the sake of war and strengthen combat attributes; take multiple measures, integrate innovation, and create a culture of advocating martial arts and refining martial arts. Create a strong atmosphere and use strong military culture to boost combat effectiveness.

Strengthen the winning genes of revolutionary soldiers in the new era. Culture is essentially a spiritual carrier. The fighting culture of daring to fight and winning that our army has forged in the course of more than 90 years of struggle has created a unique advantage in defeating the enemy and winning the future. On the new journey, we must vigorously carry forward the glorious traditions of the People’s Army, publicize the typical deeds of advanced heroes and combat heroes, guide officers and soldiers to draw nourishment from the revolutionary spirit, draw fighting spirit from the glorious war history, draw strength from the combat honor, and let the People’s Army’s The winning gene is passed on from generation to generation. At present, major changes in the world are accelerating, and changes in the world, the times, and history are unfolding in unprecedented ways. We must educate and guide officers and soldiers to not fear powerful enemies, recognize that upholding the Party’s absolute leadership over the army is the fundamental guarantee for our army to win battles, recognize that the overall might of the people’s war is the magic weapon for our army to defeat the enemy, and combine the fighting spirit with the scientific spirit. , continue the fine traditions of our army, and firmly establish the confidence and determination to win the battle based on the existing equipment.

Improve the combat index of strong military culture construction. President Xi pointed out: “We should combine the traditions and mission characteristics of each unit to strengthen military culture construction, build a strong military culture, and cultivate the troops’ fearless heroism and brave and tenacious fighting style.” We should fundamentally redirect military cultural work to support Fight and win the battle. We will deeply explore revolutionary historical themes, highlight the creation of realistic military themes, and always shape people with noble spirits and inspire people with excellent works. We regularly arrange literary and artistic cavalry teams, battlefield propaganda teams, battlefield photography teams, etc. to go into cold areas, deserts, plateaus, coastal defenses, border checkpoints, and squads to warm the hearts of soldiers, boost morale, and inspire fighting spirit in order to prepare for war and win. . We must insist on seeking combat effectiveness from culture, and push the focus of building a strong military culture from the barracks to the battlefield, and from peacetime to wartime. Organize wartime cultural work drills, explore the content, timing, methods and means of wartime cultural work, and provide important support for improving the combat effectiveness of the troops.

Enhance the military flavor and combat atmosphere of the military camp culture. To build a strong military culture, an important task is to create an environment with a strong military flavor and combat atmosphere, so that officers and soldiers can be influenced at all times, cultivate their fighting will and hone their fighting character in a subtle way. A strong atmosphere of training and fighting was created, battle flags were raised, battle slogans were shouted, and strong army war songs were sung. Cultural light boxes, battle slogans, hero sculptures, etc. were set up, and cultural venues reflecting the army’s war history and revolutionary spirit were built to continuously strengthen the officers and soldiers War awareness, combat readiness concept, and fighting spirit. We should carry out mass cultural activities, hold lectures on strengthening the military culture, hold forums on strengthening the military culture, organize officers and soldiers to tell battle stories and read books on combat culture, and widely carry out assassination and combat training and competitions to inspire officers and soldiers to be brave, capable and good at fighting. . Innovate ways and methods, combine contemporary elements, science and technology with culture and art, use VR, AR, MR and other technological means to create battlefield cultural simulation rooms, etc., so that officers and soldiers can experience the battlefield atmosphere “immersively” and hone their ability to win.

(Author’s unit: Army Party Innovation Theory Research Center)

現代國語：

■陳　陣

強軍文化是人民軍隊戰無不勝、攻無不克，不斷發展壯大的內在保證，是滋養官兵的精神沃土，是提高部隊戰鬥力的重要因素。黨的二十大報告強調要「繁榮發展強軍文化，強化戰鬥精神培育」。深入學習貫徹習近平文化思想，對人民軍隊而言，就是要繁榮發展強軍文化。通過文化的教化與薰陶，培育廣大官兵敢打必勝的戰鬥血性、英勇頑強的戰鬥作風，以先進文化砥礪克敵制勝精神，為能打仗、打勝仗提供精神動力，真正讓強軍文化指向打贏、服務打贏、支撐打贏。

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全面加強練兵備戰，提升人民軍隊打贏能力，必須重視發揮強軍文化為戰育人、助力強軍的價值功能。繁榮發展支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化，既是歷史傳承、時代所需，也是強軍事業的召喚。

賡續我軍文化傳統的根本指向。文化是一個民族昌盛的根脈，也是一支軍隊強大的重要支撐。 80多年前，毛澤東同志在延安文藝座談會上說：「我們要戰勝敵人，首先要依靠手裡拿槍的軍隊。但是僅僅有這種軍隊是不夠的，我們還要有文化的軍隊，這是團結自己、戰勝敵人必不可少的一支軍隊。一代官兵。一切為了勝利的勝戰文化，蘊含著強大的血性基因，彰顯著鮮明的打贏指向。新時代新征程，從我軍文化傳統中萃取精華、汲取能量，關鍵要著力擦亮官兵戰鬥精神的尖刀利劍，持續增強官兵的向戰為戰意識，不斷強化聞戰則喜、英勇頑強、敢打必勝的尚武精神。

適應戰爭形態演變的必然選擇。世界新軍事革命正推動戰爭形態朝向具有智慧化特徵的資訊化戰爭加速演進，呈現出技術形態資訊化、組織形態體系化、武器裝備數字化等特徵。戰爭形態的演變，必然引發軍事文化形態的重塑。從機械化戰爭到資訊化、智慧化戰爭，從“大兵團”作戰、“大縱深”突擊，到“非對稱作戰”“非線式作戰”“一體化聯合作戰”，再到“多域精確戰”“認知域作戰”，戰爭制勝機理的演變，推動軍事文化形態相應隨之改變。新征程上，我軍推進機械化資訊化智慧融合發展，既要加速武器裝備的迭代更新，更要積極推進軍事文化轉型發展，從軍事理論、戰略戰術、戰鬥精神等方面塑造和體現時代特質，打造與時代發展相適應、與技術進步相符的新時代支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化。

繁榮發展強軍文化的本質要求。強軍文化姓軍為戰的根本職能，決定了打造強軍文化的根本目的就是為能打仗、打勝仗提供精神動力。強軍文化具有極強的滲透性、持久性，其所蘊含的忠誠品質和鬥爭意志，鍛造著人民軍隊的精氣神，培育著人民軍隊無堅不摧的戰鬥力。黨的十八大以來，人民軍隊浴火重生、轉型重塑，全軍部隊以能打仗、打勝仗為根本著眼點，把繁榮發展強軍文化作為催生戰鬥力的有力舉措，與戰鬥力生成緊密結合在一起，與軍隊主責主業緊密結合在一起，不斷提升強軍文化對戰鬥力的貢獻率，充分彰顯了強軍文化在練兵備戰中的戰鬥功能。

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繁榮發展支撐打贏制勝的強軍文化，必須以習近平強軍思想為指導，把準主脈、突出重點，著力培塑以戰鬥文化、聯合文化、部隊特色文化等為主體內容的強軍文化體系。

培育能打勝仗的戰鬥文化。戰鬥文化反映強軍文化的內在本質，決定強軍文化的價值定位和價值取向。戰鬥文化是歷經軍事鬥爭實踐錘煉、淘洗、積蓄形成的血性文化，具有深厚的文化底蘊、強烈的戰鬥特性和鮮明的時代特徵，其價值功能主要表現為強化打仗意識、提升作戰本領、砥礪戰鬥精神，是戰鬥力的重要構成要素，是強軍文化體系的主體，是人民軍隊打贏制勝的重要法寶。培育戰鬥文化，要著力強化官兵當兵打仗、帶兵打仗、練兵打仗的責任擔當，「一不怕苦、二不怕死」的戰鬥精神和英勇頑強、敢打必勝的戰鬥品質，切實把戰鬥力標準作為繁榮發展強軍文化的基本著力點和根本落腳點，作為檢驗強軍文化建設質效的根本尺度。

培育聯合製勝的聯合文化。現代戰爭無戰不聯、無聯不勝，基本作戰樣式是一體化聯合作戰。聯合文化是基於打贏現代戰爭所具備的聯合知識體系、價值觀念、思維方式和行為規範的總和，廣泛滲透於聯合作戰體制編制、力量結構、行為準則和模式之中。它就像看不見的手，有力地推動著聯合作戰體係從“形聯”到“神聯”，從“芯聯芯”到“心連心”。培育聯合文化，要依托任務牽引與聯演聯訓，鑄牢官兵聽黨指揮的政治靈魂，培塑聯合製勝的作戰理念，完善聯合作戰的知識體系，錘煉一體聯動的思維方式，培育共同的情感和價值，強固穩定的集體心理認同，凝聚牢不可破的打贏意志。

培育豐富多彩的部隊特色文化。一花獨放不是春，百花齊放春滿園。我軍在軍事實踐中形成了各具特色的軍兵種文化，有陸軍的“裝甲鐵流”文化、“砲兵戰神”文化、“陸航戰鷹”文化，海軍的“深藍文化”，空軍的“天鷹”“天梯”“天箭”文化，火箭軍的“礪劍文化”“長纓文化”，等等。一朵朵軍兵種文化的瑰麗之花，既構成了獨特的精神標識，也成為部隊戰鬥力提升的「倍增器」。打造具有鮮明特色、底蘊深厚的軍兵種文化，與培育聯合文化並不矛盾。軍兵種文化支撐聯合文化，聯合文化實現了軍兵種文化的有機融合，軍兵種特色文化的根扎得越深，聯合文化戰鬥性就越強，就越有戰鬥力。與此同時，要大力開展多姿多彩的軍營文化活動，以特色文化鑄軍魂、聚兵心、提士氣，著力形成人人都有舞台的生動活潑局面，更有效地發揮以文育人、以文化人、以文資戰作用。

三

繁榮發展新時代強軍文化，必須堅持把服務打贏作為根本指向，堅定歷史自信，賡續勝戰基因；堅持向戰為戰，強化戰鬥屬性；多措並舉，融合創新，營造尚武精武的濃厚氛圍，切實用強軍文化催生戰鬥力。

厚植新時代革命軍人的勝戰基因。文化在本質上是一種精神承載，我軍在90多年的奮鬥歷程中鍛造形成的敢打必勝的戰鬥文化，鑄就了克敵制勝、贏得未來的特有優勢。新旅程上，我們要大力弘揚人民軍隊光榮傳統，宣傳先進英模、戰鬥英雄典型事跡，引導官兵從革命精神中汲取營養，從輝煌戰史中汲取鬥志，從戰鬥榮譽中汲取力量，讓人民軍隊的勝戰基因薪火相傳。當前，世界大變局加速演進，世界變化、時代之變、歷史變正以前所未有的方式展開。要教育引導廣大官兵不畏強敵，認清堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導是我軍能打勝仗的根本保證，認清人民戰爭的整體威力是我軍克敵制勝的法寶，把戰鬥精神與科學精神結合起來，賡續我軍優良傳統，穩固樹立立足現有裝備打贏制勝的信心決心。

提升強軍文化建設的戰鬥指數。習主席指出：「要結合各部隊傳統和任務特點，加強軍事文化建設，打造強軍文化，培養部隊大無畏的英雄氣概和英勇頑強的戰鬥作風。」要把軍事文化工作根本指向歸正到支撐能打仗、打勝仗上。深入探討革命歷史題材，突顯現實軍事題材創作，始終以高貴的精神塑造人、以優秀的作品鼓舞人心。常態安排文藝輕騎隊、戰地宣傳隊、戰地攝影隊等進寒區、入戈壁、上高原、下海防、走邊關、進班排，為練兵備戰、矢志打贏溫暖兵心、鼓舞士氣、激發鬥志。堅持向文化要戰鬥力，推動強軍文化建設重心從營區延伸至戰場、從平時拓展到戰時。組織戰時文化工作演練，探索戰時文化工作的內容、時機和方式手段，為提升部隊戰鬥力提供重要支撐。

增強軍營文化氛圍的兵味戰味。打造強軍文化，一項重要任務是營造兵味戰味濃厚的環境氛圍，使官兵時時受到薰陶，在潛移默化中培養戰鬥意志、砥礪戰鬥品格。濃厚練兵打仗氛圍，把戰鬥旗幟揚起來、戰鬥口號喊起來、強軍戰歌唱起來，設置文化燈箱、戰鬥標語、英模雕塑等，修建反映部隊戰史戰例、革命精神的文化場所，不斷強化廣大官兵戰爭意識、戰備觀念、戰鬥精神。抓好群眾性文化活動，開設強軍文化講座，舉辦強軍文化論壇，組織官兵講戰鬥故事、讀戰鬥文化書籍，廣泛開展刺殺格鬥訓練和比武競賽活動，激發官兵敢戰能戰善戰的血性膽氣。創新方式方法，將時代元素、科學技術與文化藝術結合起來，運用VR、AR、MR等科技手段，打造戰場文化模擬室等，讓官兵「身臨其境」感受戰場氛圍、錘煉打贏能力。

（作者單位：陸軍黨的創新理論研究中心）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16279540888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Informatization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊, 認知對抗, 認知戰, 認知領域操作

Chinese Military Focus on Preparing for War

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中國軍隊專注於備戰

現代英語：

Party committees at all levels of the military are the leading force in preparing for war. They must make preparation for war the first priority and place it at the center of all work. They must focus on the center to plan war, keep pace with the times, innovate in war research, and focus on winning. We will effectively prepare for war and comprehensively build the country.

In his important speech at the Central Military Commission’s military training conference, President Xi pointed out that “Party committees at all levels must improve their political positions, strengthen their political responsibilities, and work diligently to do a good job in military training.” He emphasized that “all levels, especially senior commanders, must concentrate on research. Military, study war, study fighting, understand combat, know how to command, be good at organizing training, and practice training to develop excellent skills and lead out excellent troops.” To implement the important instructions of Chairman Xi, we must strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party committee over military training work, effectively focus our work on preparing for war, focus on our main responsibilities and main tasks of planning, researching, operating, and preparing for war, and put our combat effectiveness Standards and practical requirements run through the entire process of military building in all fields, ensuring that when the party and the people need it, they are always available, able to fight, and victorious when they are needed.

Focus on the center and fight resolutely

“Things that are well planned will be determined by action.” Party committees at all levels of the army, as the leading force in preparing for war, and commanders at all levels, as the “leaders” of combat command, should insist that all work be based on improving combat effectiveness, and all work should focus on improving combat effectiveness. To carry out all work, all work will be tested based on whether it can increase the contribution rate to combat effectiveness building. We should be good at using strategic thinking that has an overall view and a long-term perspective to think about wars and plan wars, so as to make decisions before taking action.

In-depth study of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Army, implement the military strategic guidelines of the new era, understand the issues of victory, value inquiry, and ability torture through learning, understanding, and practice, and shoulder the responsibilities of the Party Committee in preparing for war. The main responsibility of the party committee is to prepare for war and war as the main responsibility of the party committee leaders, with a high sense of political responsibility and historical mission to prepare for war, concentrate on the main business, and perform the main responsibilities without distraction, so as to ensure that the center of gravity does not shift and the state does not change at any time. Be free and unyielding in will.

Keep up with the changes, trends, and developments of the new military revolution in the world, pay close attention to our country’s security and development situation, improve our political position, broaden our political horizons, grasp the direction, and broaden our horizons with forward-looking thinking, innovative ideas, and broadened horizons that keep pace with the times. Grasp the general trend, grasp the overall situation, and demonstrate the new responsibilities and new achievements of the party committee in the new era to prepare for war and win.

Resolutely set up the baton to prepare for war, take the lead in establishing the thinking of the combat team, find the correct functional positioning, deeply integrate the work of the party committee into the construction of combat effectiveness, strengthen the role of control and orientation functions, start from ourselves, and always tighten the string of preparation for war. , guide the troops to focus all their thoughts on fighting and work hard on fighting, and strengthen the minds of officers and soldiers to be ready to fight at any time and to win wars based on existing conditions.

Keep pace with the times and innovate research

Soldiers have no constant momentum, and water has no constant shape. The operational forms of future wars are changing with each passing day. In particular, the combat space of modern warfare has formed three major combat domains: the physical domain, the information domain, and the cognitive domain. This has resulted in multidimensional and diverse combat theories and war styles. We must adapt to new changes and grasp new characteristics. , establish new concepts, and keep pace with the times to explore and study the winning mechanism of information-based and intelligent warfare.

Adaptation to change research theory. Persist in making good use of the party committee’s theoretical study center group learning system, conduct in-depth study and study of combat ideas, combat guidance, combat methods, etc. in future wars, more accurately grasp the characteristics of future wars such as system confrontation, global time and space, and hybrid games, and highlight the joint efforts under informationized conditions. Research and exploration of combat characteristics and laws, and fully implement them into actual combat-oriented military training practices.

Understand the mechanism of war history research. Focusing on advancing preparations for military struggles in depth, from party committee leaders to front-line commanders, from agencies to troops, read more classic military works, study more war history and examples of generals, think more about the factors of victory and defeat, and comprehensively use innovative thinking, dialectical thinking, Legal thinking, etc. vigorously study military affairs, war, opponents, and technology to improve forward-looking planning, system design, and strategizing capabilities.

Democratic resolution research strategy. Adhere to the division of labor and responsibility system of heads under the unified collective leadership of the party committee, strictly implement the system of discussion, discussion and training, focus on identifying shortcomings, bottlenecks and difficulties during the discussion, study measures, fill gaps and solve problems during the discussion, and solve problems during the discussion. Direction, clear ideas, clarification of rights and responsibilities, so that the basis for discussion, the quality of decision-making, and the responsibility for implementation can be realized, and the decision-making and action can be realized, and the decision-making power, execution power and combat effectiveness can be truly realized.

Specializes in refining and conducting research. In view of the “five incompetences” existing among a small number of commanders, we must speed up the improvement of strategic literacy, joint literacy, command literacy, and scientific and technological literacy, and develop excellent skills in understanding operations, commanding, organizing training, and practicing training, so as to achieve We must really understand combat, be good at command, and truly know how to unite, and accelerate the improvement of our ability to plan and command war.

Focus on winning the war with dedication

If the soldiers do not want to fight, it will be a great disaster for the country. Party committees at all levels, as the leading, central, and engine in preparing for war, must roll up their sleeves and work hard, consolidate and deepen the results achieved in correcting the long-standing abuses of peace with a high-spirited attitude, a pragmatic style, and effective measures, and act vigorously and resolutely, and work hard and quickly, Don’t give up if you don’t see results, and push forward the implementation of various tasks in preparation for war.

Thoroughly rectify the accumulated shortcomings and strengthen the spirit. In the past, we had less steel and more air. Now that we have more steel, we need more air and our bones need to be harder. We must take effective measures and flexible and diverse forms to do a good job in education on missions, tasks, and situational combat readiness, explore and form a long-term mechanism for cultivating combat spirit, strive to strengthen the combat team mentality of the majority of officers and soldiers, always maintain a ready-to-fight attitude, and thoroughly correct the ” The “Peace Officer” and “Peace Soldier” have accumulated many disadvantages. They educate and guide officers and soldiers to strengthen their ideals and beliefs, sharpen their will to fight, temper their fighting style, and always maintain a tenacious fighting spirit that is not afraid of hardship and death.

Really prepare for strong combat power. Based on what can be drawn, used and won at critical moments, we must strictly strengthen the supervision of combat readiness training, increase the intensity of inspections and inspections, deeply correct formalism and bureaucracy in training, comprehensively rectify training and performance examinations, and achieve The training style has basically improved. Reduce “five more” by cutting the edge of the knife inward, improve the style of the meeting, investigate and deal with fraud with zero tolerance, effectively treat the training ground as a battlefield and the post as a combat position, in arduous and strict training, in an environment close to actual combat Beat and train the troops, hone the quality of the officers and soldiers, test the performance of the equipment, and forge the troops’ excellent combat effectiveness.

Positive motivation and strong orientation. Adhere to the standards of good military cadres, select and employ cadres strictly in accordance with principles, policies, rules, and procedures, so that those who want to fight have a stage, those who want to fight have a seat, and those who can fight have a purpose, and resolutely abandon and correct the selection and employment of personnel. The unhealthy tendencies and wrong guidance have been effectively formed to form a work orientation, employment orientation, policy orientation, and public opinion orientation that are conducive to strengthening military training and preparation for war.

Strong configuration of aggregated resources. We must focus all our minds on the center, work hard on the center, and allocate resources to the center. We should focus on planning, reviewing, guiding, and evaluating all work at the service guarantee center, and vigorously break the performance standards of competing for fame and glory, and passively ensuring safety. Safety standards, compliance with the status quo, and resolute efforts to resolutely correct the phenomenon of competing for time, space, and resources with central work, truly aligning all work with actual combat needs, and in line with improving core military capabilities. We must resolutely prevent wasted idling that deviates from combat effectiveness, review plans, determine projects, focus on construction, and seek development at the rate of contribution to combat effectiveness, and always ensure that the center is centered.

Comprehensive construction and effective preparation for war

Only by being strong in all aspects can we be sure of victory. Party committees at all levels should insist on focusing on preparing for war, comprehensively strengthen grassroots construction, and strive to forge excellent grassroots who listen to the Party and follow the Party, capable of fighting and winning wars, and have strict laws and disciplines and upright morale, so as to lead officers and soldiers very well. With a bloody spirit, he brings the troops to full strength and ensures the overall progress and overall excellence of the troops.

Strengthen political leadership. To be strong at the grassroots level, we must first be strong politically. Party organizations at all levels must strengthen political guidance to the officers and soldiers, persist in using the party’s scientific theories to build connections and educate people, unremittingly arm officers and soldiers with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Army, and continue to deepen the “inheriting the red gene” , shoulder the important responsibility of strengthening the army”, promote the project of passing on the red gene from generation to generation, strive to lay a solid ideological and political foundation for officers and soldiers to obey the party’s command and devote themselves to the cause of strengthening the army, and ensure that the party’s absolute leadership over the army reaches directly to the grassroots and officers and soldiers.

Strengthen organizational functions. Party committees and leading cadres at all levels must firmly establish the idea that “doing a good job in party building is their duty, not doing a good job in party building is dereliction of duty, and failing to do a good job in party building is dereliction of duty.” Service contact orientation. Extensively carry out the activities of “learning military affairs, learning command, and learning science and technology” to enhance the ability of all levels to plan wars, command wars, and lead troops to fight, and truly transform the party’s political and organizational advantages into winning advantages.

Sharpen the bloody courage. Focus on sharpening the edge of the sword in actual combat and forging elite soldiers and generals in actual training. Strengthen the consistency of combat training, insist on using combat to lead training and use training to promote combat, so as to train according to actual combat requirements and realize the integration of combat and training. Make live ammunition, actual delivery, and live explosions a “homely meal”. Difficulty, strictness, and actual combat should be regarded as the “standard configuration” of training. Keep a close eye on the battlefield and tasks, design the training environment, set training conditions, and transform the training ground into Designed as a “quasi-battlefield” and “actual combat ground”, officers and soldiers are trained in difficult situations, tempered in dangerous situations, and tempered in critical situations, so as to truly develop excellent skills and bring out excellent troops.

Transform the way we run the military. Adhere to the orientation of everything to improve combat effectiveness and focus on mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of officers and soldiers, accelerate the transformation of the way of running the military, increase the intensity of running the military in accordance with the law and strictly manage the military, and strictly perform duties and powers in accordance with legal responsibilities and authority, Work is carried out in accordance with the regulations and rules and regulations, which is not only strict within the law and strict in accordance with the law, but also managed in a reasonable and measured manner, so as to effectively manage positive energy, high efficiency, and combat effectiveness.

(Author’s unit: Armed Police Shanxi Corps)

現代國語：

內容提要

軍隊各級黨委是備戰打仗的領導力量，必須把備戰打仗作為第一要務，擺在各項工作的中心位置，切實做到聚焦中心堅定謀戰、與時俱進創新研戰、著眼打贏致力務戰、全面抓建有效備戰。

習主席在中央軍委軍事訓練會議上的重要講話中指出，“各級黨委要提高政治站位，強化政治擔當，兢兢業業抓好軍事訓練工作”，強調“各級特別是高級指揮員要集中精力研究軍事、研究戰爭、研究打仗，懂作戰、會指揮、善組訓、真抓訓，練就過硬本領，帶出過硬部隊」。貫徹落實習主席的重要指示，要求我們必須加強黨委對軍訓工作的集中統一領導，切實把工作重心放在備戰打仗上，聚焦主責主業謀戰、研戰、務戰、備戰，把戰鬥力標準、實戰化要求貫穿到部隊建設各領域全過程，確保在黨和人民需要的時候始終做到召之即來、來之能戰、戰之必勝。

聚焦中心堅定謀戰

「計熟事定，舉必有功。」部隊各級黨委作為備戰打仗的領導力量，各級指揮員作為作戰指揮的“領頭雁”，應堅持一切工作以提高戰鬥力為出發點，一切工作圍繞提高戰鬥力來展開，一切工作以是否提升對戰鬥力建設的貢獻率為檢驗標準，善於用總攬全局、高瞻遠矚的戰略思維思戰謀戰，做到謀定而後動。

深入習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想與習近平強軍思想，貫徹新時代軍事戰略方針，在學通弄懂做實中感悟勝戰之問、價值叩問、本領拷問，承擔起黨委在備戰打仗中的主體責任，把抓備戰打仗作為黨委領導的主責主業，以高度的政治責任感和歷史使命感抓備戰打仗，聚精會神務主業，心無旁騖履主責，確保任何時候重心不偏移、狀態不遊離、意志不鬆懈。

緊跟世界新軍事革命情勢變化、趨勢走向、態勢發展，緊密關注我國安全與發展形勢，提升政治站位、拓寬政治視野，以與時俱進的前瞻思維、創新理念、開闊視野，掌握方向、把握大勢、把握全局，展現新時代黨委抓備戰謀打贏的新擔當新作為。

堅決立起備戰打仗的指揮棒，帶頭樹牢戰鬥隊思想，找準職能定位，將黨委各項工作深度融入戰鬥力建設，強化把關定向功能作用，從自身做起，時刻繃緊備戰打仗這根弦，引導部隊把全部心思向打仗聚焦、各項工作向打仗用勁，強化官兵隨時準備打仗和立足現有條件打勝仗的思想。

與時俱進創新研戰

兵無常勢，水無常形。未來戰爭作戰形態日新月異，特別是現代戰爭的作戰空間已經形成物理域、資訊域、認知域三大作戰域，由此帶來作戰理論、戰爭樣式多維多元多樣，必須適應新變化、掌握新特徵、樹立新理念，與時俱進探索研究資訊化、智慧化戰爭的製勝機理。

適應變化研理論。堅持用好黨委員會理論學習中心組學習制度，深入學習研究未來戰爭的作戰思想、作戰指導、作戰方法等，更加精確把握未來戰爭的體系對抗、全域時空、混合賽局等特徵，突顯資訊化條件下聯合作戰特點規律的研究探索，並全面落實到實戰化軍事訓練實踐。

通曉戰史研機理。著眼軍事鬥爭準備向縱深推進，從黨委首長到一線指揮員、從機關到部隊，多讀經典軍事著作，多研戰史戰例戰將，多思勝負成敗因素，綜合運用創新思維、辯證思維、法治思維等大力研究軍事、研究戰爭、研究對手、研究技術，提升前瞻籌劃、體系設計、運籌帷幄能力。

民主決議研方略。堅持黨委統一的集體領導下的首長分工負責制，嚴格落實議戰議訓制度，注重在議中查短板、找瓶頸、尋難點，在議中研舉措、補缺口、破難題，在議中把方向、明思路、晰權責，做到議事講依據、決策講質量、落實講責任，實現議而決、決而行，真正議出決策力、議出執行力、議出戰鬥力。

專攻精練研指揮。針對少數指揮存在的「五個不會」等情況，加快提升戰略素養、聯合素養、指揮素養、科技素養，練就懂作戰、會指揮、善組訓、真抓訓的過硬本領，做到真懂作戰、真善指揮、真會聯合，加速提升謀劃打仗、指揮打仗能力。

著眼打贏致力務戰

兵不思戰、國之大禍。各級黨委作為備戰打仗的龍頭、中樞、引擎，必須擼起袖子加油幹，以昂揚的狀態、務實的作風、管用的舉措，鞏固深化糾治和平積弊取得的成果，雷厲風行、緊抓快幹，不見成效不撒手，推進備戰打仗各項工作落地落實。

徹糾積弊強精神。過去我們鋼少氣多，現在鋼多了，氣更多，骨頭要更硬。必須採取有力舉措和靈活多樣的形式，搞好使命任務、形勢戰備教育，探索形成戰鬥精神培育的長效機制，著力強化廣大官兵的戰鬥隊思想，始終保持枕戈待旦的戰鬥姿態，徹底糾治當“和平官」「和平兵」等沈痾積弊，教育引導官兵堅定理想信念、磨礪戰鬥意志、錘煉戰鬥作風，始終保持一不怕苦、二不怕死的頑強戰鬥精神。

真抓實備強戰力。立足關鍵時刻拉得出、用得上、打得贏，從嚴加強戰備訓練監察，加大檢查巡察力度，深入糾治訓練中的形式主義、官僚主義，全面整治訓風演風考風，實現訓練作風根本好轉。刀口向內壓減“五多”，改進會風文風話風，零容忍查處弄虛作假行為，切實把演訓場當戰場、把崗位當戰位，在艱苦嚴格的訓練中、在近似實戰的環境中摔打和鍛煉部隊，砥礪官兵素質，檢驗裝備性能，鍛造部隊過硬的戰鬥力。

正向激勵強導向。堅持軍隊好幹部標準，嚴格按原則、按政策、按規矩、按程序選拔使用幹部，讓想打仗的有舞台、鑽打仗的有位子、能打仗的有奔頭，堅決摒棄、糾治選人用人上的不正之風與錯誤導向，切實形成有利於加強練兵備戰的工作導向、用人導向、政策導向、輿論導向。

聚合資源強配置。堅持全部心思向中心聚焦、一切工作向中心用勁、各項資源向中心配置，著眼服務保障中心籌劃、審視、牽引、評判各項工作，大力破除圖名頭爭彩頭的政績標準、消極保安全的安全標準、安於現狀的守成標準，堅決糾治與中心工作爭時間、爭空間、爭資源等現象，真正使全部工作與實戰需求對接，與提升核心軍事能力合拍。堅決防止偏離戰鬥力的虛耗空轉現象，以對戰鬥力的貢獻率審規劃、定項目、抓建設、謀發展，始終確保中心居中。

全面抓建有效備戰

全面過硬，才能勝券在握。各級黨委應堅持聚焦備戰打仗，全面加強基層建設，著力鍛造聽黨話、跟黨走的過硬基層，能打仗、打勝仗的過硬基層，法紀嚴、風氣正的過硬基層，把官兵帶得很有血性，把部隊帶得虎虎生威，確保部隊全面進步、全面過硬。

加強政治引領。基層過硬首先政治要過硬。各級黨組織要加強對廣大官兵的政治引領，堅持用黨的科學理論建連育人，堅持不懈地用習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想和習近平強軍思想武裝官兵，持續深化“傳承紅色基因、擔當強軍重任」主題教育，推進紅色基因代代傳工程，著力打牢官兵聽黨指揮、獻身強軍事業的思想政治根基，確保黨對軍隊的絕對領導直達基層、直達官兵。

強化組織功能。各級黨委會和領導幹部要穩固樹立「抓好黨建是本職、不抓黨建是失職、抓不好黨建是瀆職」的思想，把抓黨建與抓軍事融合起來，瞄準打贏抓黨建，立起黨建服務打仗指向。廣泛開展「學軍事、學指揮、學科技」活動，增強各級謀劃打仗、指揮打仗、帶兵打仗能力，真正把黨的政治優勢、組織優勢轉化為制勝優勢。

磨礪血性膽。注重在實戰中磨礪劍鋒銳氣，實訓中鍛造精兵強將。強化戰訓一致，堅持以戰領訓、以訓促戰，做到依實戰要求訓練，實現作戰和訓練一體化。把實彈、實投、實爆作為“家常飯”，將從難、從嚴、從實戰出發作為訓練“標配”，緊盯戰場、緊貼任務，設計訓練環境、設置訓練條件，將訓練場設計成“準戰場”“實戰地”，把官兵放到難局中鍛煉、險局中淬煉、危局中錘煉，真正練就過硬本領，帶出過硬部隊。

轉變治軍方式。堅持一切以戰鬥力的提升為指向，一切以有利於調動官兵的積極性主動性創造性為著眼點，加快轉變治軍方式，加大依法治軍、從嚴治軍力度，嚴格按法定職責權限履職用權，依據條令條例和規章制度開展工作，既嚴在法內、依法從嚴，又管在理上、合理有度，切實管出正能量、管出高效益、管出戰鬥力。

（作者單位：武警山西總隊）

來源：中國軍網-解放軍報 作者：曾友成 責任編輯：楊凡凡
2020-12-09 06:00

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/9949850888.html?big=fan

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Fully recognize the role of big data in China’s national defense and military modernization – He who has the data wins

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充分認識大數據在國防和軍事現代化建設中的作用——擁有數據誰就贏

現代英語：

●With the advent of the big data era, military data is becoming an important strategic resource. The mining and utilization of big data will be an important foundation for future intelligent warfare.

●The core of the military management revolution is efficiency, and the key to improving efficiency lies in leveraging the driving role of data.

● Scientific research informatization, with data co-construction, sharing and use as its core, is profoundly changing the demand generation, research model and working mechanism of scientific research, and has become an important force in promoting scientific and technological innovation.

The 19th CPC National Congress issued a mobilization order to comprehensively promote the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and put forward clear requirements to adapt to the development trend of the new military revolution in the world. The essential characteristics of this new military revolution are digitization, networking and intelligence. It can be seen that data is being fully integrated into the military field, becoming the driving force of military scientific research, the core element of construction management, and an important resource for winning wars.

Not long ago, President Xi Jinping stressed at the second collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we should assess the situation, plan carefully, make forward-looking arrangements, and strive to take the initiative to promote the implementation of the national big data strategy and accelerate the construction of a digital China. To conduct big data research, we should first grasp the requirements of the times and fully recognize the status and role of big data in the modernization of national defense and the military.

Military data is the “golden key” to open the door to future victory

The 19th CPC National Congress emphasized the need to “accelerate the development of intelligent military operations.” At present, the war situation is accelerating its transformation toward informatization and intelligence. The important foundation of intelligence is the mining and utilization of big data. Military data plays an irreplaceable and key role in winning future wars.

Data is the core of the transformation of combat styles. With the advent of the big data era, military data is becoming an important strategic resource. “Data warfare” is gradually emerging as a brand-new combat style. This will be a brand-new combat with data attack and protection as the basic means. The two enemies are engaged in a fierce competition on the “new data battlefield” around seizing “data control rights” and aiming at “data dividends”. By plundering, damaging and destroying the enemy’s data resources, they establish their own data advantages, quickly reach combat decisions and action advantages, and transform them into combat victories in a timely manner. “He who gets the data gets the world”, and in the future “he who makes good use of data wins the war” will become the basic law of winning on the battlefield. At present, countries around the world are taking strong measures to accelerate the construction, protection and use of military data. For example, the United States has included big data in its “Third Offset Strategy” and vigorously integrated its global data centers to support the transformation of combat patterns with data and to consolidate its global combat advantages. On April 26, 2017, the U.S. Department of Defense established the “Algorithmic Warfare Cross-Functional Group” and officially launched the concept research of “algorithmic warfare” to vigorously promote the application of big data-related technologies in future intelligent warfare. The U.S. think tank “New American Security Center” released a report in December 2017 stating that the U.S. Department of Defense placed algorithms on the same level of importance as weapons and ammunition, and used them as an important criterion for measuring the strength of the U.S. military.

Data is the lifeblood of joint combat command. The key to achieving joint combat lies in whether data can flow efficiently, be analyzed and integrated efficiently. Opening up the sharing channel of joint combat data, accelerating the joint command based on data flow, and promoting the interconnection, data sharing and comprehensive integration of different combat units and combat elements can effectively eliminate the cognitive limitations of commanders, make the battlefield clear and transparent, and make command precise and efficient. Only by operating in the data and winning on the data can we truly realize the intelligent, real-time and precise command decisions. At present, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of the United States has listed “from data to decision” as its top priority development direction to cope with information data overload, improve the level of intelligent and automated data analysis, and significantly shorten the command decision cycle. For example, the “Insight” project it established quickly processes massive amounts of complex data from different sensors and integrates them into a battlefield situation map, helping commanders to efficiently analyze combat intelligence and target data, providing effective support for joint combat decision-making.

Data is the cornerstone of building an intelligent battlefield. The battlefield of the future will be highly intelligent, with weapons and equipment, support systems, battlefield communication and information systems, etc., and data is an important foundation for intelligence. Weapon platforms, firepower systems, information systems and even combat personnel are integrated through big data and machine learning technology to form a highly intelligent combat system. Based on big data technology, unmanned systems will become an important combat force in the future; autonomous perception, autonomous analysis, autonomous decision-making, and autonomous strikes based on data will replace energy mobility with information mobility and become the key factor for victory; through the mining and utilization of massive data, the efficiency and intelligence level of battlefield support will be greatly improved. The “Third Offset Strategy” currently being implemented by the U.S. military proposes to focus on the development of key technical fields such as machine learning, human-machine collaboration, human combat action assistance systems, and advanced manned/unmanned combat formations. All of these are centered on big data and artificial intelligence technologies and aim to enhance the intelligence level of weapons and equipment and information systems.

Military data is an important core to stimulate the revolution of military management

The report of the 19th CPC National Congress proposed to “advance the revolution in military management, improve and develop the socialist military system with Chinese characteristics.” With the continuous improvement of human social productivity and scientific and technological levels, the ideas, systems, mechanisms, methods and means of military management will inevitably change. Every epoch-making innovation in science and technology and production methods, and every profound change in military organization and military theory will give birth to and trigger a corresponding revolution in military management. In the information age, the core of the military management revolution is efficiency. The key to improving efficiency lies in giving play to the driving role of data and focusing on improving the professionalization, refinement and scientificization of military management.

Data drives the change of military management concepts. The military management revolution emphasized by President Xi Jinping is primarily about establishing modern management concepts. Both Deming, the master of quality management, and Drucker, the father of modern scientific management, have said: “You can’t manage without quantification.” Data is the foundation of modern management concepts and the foundation for achieving fine management. The use of data analysis can accurately identify military management problems and provide a basis for reforming the military management system and improving the effectiveness of military management. Decisions based on experience will be increasingly replaced by full-sample decisions based on big data. Only by firmly establishing the management concept of “speaking with data, making decisions with data, managing with data, and innovating with data” can we effectively promote the military management revolution with efficiency as the core.

Data drives the modernization of the military organization. The report of the 19th CPC National Congress proposed to “advance the modernization of the military organization in an all-round way”. In the era of big data, the military organization is gradually changing from a linear mode dominated by processes to a flat network mode centered on data, showing characteristics such as multi-subject coordination, multi-process penetration, and high-frequency information interaction. Using data flow to lead the integrated development of information flow and resource flow, and realizing the transformation of the military organization from a “tree-like” to a “network-like” form, can promote the optimization of the design of military organizations, the efficiency of command processes, and the scientific allocation of power and responsibility. For example, the information system developed by the United States in accordance with the unified requirements of the Department of Defense system structure framework collects and analyzes relevant data in real time, and optimizes management processes through relationships such as data and capabilities, thereby ensuring the orderly operation of the Department of Defense.

Data drives the transformation of military management methods. President Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed the need to improve the level of professional, refined, and scientific management of the military. Under the new military construction and management system, the CMC has established 15 departments, and the requirements for management decisions are getting higher and higher. There is an urgent need to integrate military data at all levels, both macro and micro, and to dynamically display the military management process, elements, and links in a panoramic manner. By analyzing the trends of data and information flows, continuously optimizing the management system and operating mechanism, and promoting the transformation of military management from an “art” based on experience to a “science” based on data, it will provide new ideas, methods, and paths for effectively handling complex and large-scale system problems in military management, and will greatly improve the effectiveness of military management.

Military data is a strong support for military scientific research and innovation

President Xi Jinping stressed the need to closely integrate military theory with military technology and innovate the military scientific research work model. At present, scientific research informatization with data co-construction, sharing and use as the core is profoundly changing the demand generation, research model and work mechanism of scientific research, and has become an important force in promoting scientific and technological innovation. In the military field, data research will also play an increasingly important role.

Leading the direction of military scientific research. At present, the pertinence and scientific nature of our military scientific research projects need to be improved. Using big data technology to integrate and mine various information data at home and abroad, inside and outside the military, can not only timely discover our shortcomings and weaknesses, but also comprehensively perceive and analyze the current status of military science and technology development in major countries, quickly capture research hotspots, predict development trends, identify potential disruptive technologies and fog traps, provide guidance for scientific project establishment, and promote major changes in the military scientific research demand generation model. For example, the “Technology Tracking and Horizon Scanning” project implemented by the Office of Technical Intelligence of the U.S. Department of Defense in 2011 uses big data technology to comprehensively perceive and deeply analyze global scientific and technological activities, analyze advantages and gaps, and thus guide future scientific research directions and priorities.

Transform the military research paradigm. In 2007, Jim Gray, winner of the Computer Turing Award, proposed that human scientific research activities have gone through the “experimental science paradigm” at the beginning of the development of science and technology, the “theoretical science paradigm” characterized by models and induction, and the “computational science paradigm” characterized by simulation, and are currently shifting to the “data science paradigm” characterized by big data analysis. Under this research paradigm, big data and artificial intelligence will be fully and deeply embedded in military scientific research. In the past, scientific conclusions that could only be obtained through experiments or simulations will be able to discover unknown laws, mine hidden information, and capture valuable knowledge through the analysis and mining of massive data in the future, thereby subverting the traditional military scientific research model and mechanism, forming a new military scientific research paradigm, and greatly improving research efficiency.

Promote the in-depth development of the integration of theory and technology. For a long time, how our military’s military theoretical research and military technical research can complement each other has always been a “difficult problem”. Theoretical research lacks the support of advanced technology, and technical research lacks the guidance of military theory. After the adjustment and reform, the barriers between military theoretical research and military technical research have been broken down from the institutional perspective. However, to truly achieve the deep integration of the two, it is necessary to open up the information data flow of the integration of theory and technology through the comprehensive sharing and efficient interaction of military data, build the underlying channel of the integration of theory and technology, effectively change the past binary separation situation, and make data sharing an important breakthrough for the integration of theory and technology in military scientific research. (Liu Linshan)

(Author’s unit: Military Science Information Research Center, Academy of Military Science)

現代國語：

要點提示

●隨著大數據時代的到來，軍事數據正成為舉足輕重的戰略資源，未來智慧化戰爭的重要基礎就是大數據的挖掘與利用。

●軍事管理革命的核心是效能，而提高效能的關鍵在於發揮數據的驅動作用。

●以數據共建、共享、共用為核心的科學研究資訊化，正在深刻改變科研的需求生成、研究模式與工作機制，成為推動科技創新的重要力量。

黨的十九大發出全面推進國防和軍隊現代化建設的動員令，提出適應世界新軍事革命發展趨勢的明確要求。正在進行的這場新軍事革命的本質特徵是數字化、網絡化和智能化。可以看到，數據正全面融入軍事領域，成為軍事科研的驅動力量、建設管理的核心要素、戰爭制勝的重要資源。

前不久，習主席在中共中央政治局第二次集體學習時強調，要審時度勢、精心謀劃、超前佈局、力爭主動，推動實施國家大數據戰略，加快建設數字中國。進行大數據研究，首先應掌握時代要求，充分認清大數據在國防和軍隊現代化建設中的地位作用。

軍事數據是開啟未來制勝之門的“金匙”

黨的十九大報告強調，「加速軍事智能化發展。」當前，戰爭形態正加速向資訊化、智慧化轉變。智慧化的重要基礎是大數據的挖掘利用，軍事數據在打贏未來戰爭中具有不可取代的關鍵作用。

數據是作戰樣式轉變的核心。隨著大數據時代的到來，軍事數據正成為舉足輕重的戰略資源，「數據戰」作為一種嶄新的作戰樣式逐步顯現，這將是一種以數據攻擊與防護為基本手段的全新作戰。敵對雙方圍繞奪取“制數據權”，瞄準“數據紅利”，在“數據新戰場”上展開激烈爭奪，通過掠奪、破壞和摧毀敵方數據資源，建立己方的數據優勢，快速達成作戰決策及行動優勢，並將其適時轉化成作戰勝勢。 “得數據者得天下”，未來“善用數據者贏得戰爭”將成為戰場制勝的基本規律。當前，世界各國正採取有力舉措，加速對軍事數據的建設、保護和使用。以美國為例，已將大數據列入其“第三次抵消戰略”，並大力整合其全球數據中心，以數據支撐作戰樣式轉變，極力鞏固其全球作戰優勢。 2017年4月26日，美國國防部成立“演算法戰跨職能小組”，正式啟動“演算法戰”概念研究，旨在大力推動大數據相關技術在未來智能化戰爭中的應用。美國智庫「新美國安全中心」2017年12月發布報告稱，美國防部將演算法擺在了與武器彈藥同等重要的地位，並將其作為衡量美軍力量的重要標準。

數據是聯合作戰指揮的血液。實現聯合作戰的關鍵在於數據能否高效流動、高效研判、高效融合。打通聯合作戰數據的共享通道，加速推進以數據流為紐帶的聯合指揮，促進不同作戰單元和作戰要素的互聯互通、數據共享和綜合集成，可有效消除指揮員的認知局限，使戰場變得清晰透明、指揮變得精準高效，只有運籌於數據之中、決勝於數據之上，才能真正實現指揮決策的智慧化、即時化、精準化。目前，美國國防高級研究計劃局已將「從數據到決策」列為其最優先發展方向，以應對資訊數據過載，提高數據分析智慧化、自動化水平，大幅縮短指揮決策週期。如其設立的「洞察」項目，透過快速處理來自不同傳感器的海量復雜數據，並整合到戰場態勢圖上，協助指揮員高效分析作戰情報、目標數據，為聯合作戰決策提供有效支撐。

數據是構建智慧化戰場的基石。未來戰場將是高度智慧化的，武器裝備、保障體系、戰場通訊資訊系統等都是智慧化的，而智慧化的重要基礎就是數據。武器平台、火力系統、資訊系統乃至作戰人員，透過大數據、機器學習技術融為一體，形成了高度智慧化的作戰體系。基於大數據技術，無人系統將成為未來的重要作戰力量；以數據為中樞的自主感知、自主分析、自主決策、自主打擊，將使資訊機動性取代能量機動性，成為製勝的關鍵要素；通過對海量資料的挖掘與利用，戰場保障的效率與智慧化程度將大幅提升。美軍正在實施的“第三次抵消戰略”，提出要重點發展機器學習、人機協作、人類作戰行動輔助系統、先進有人/無人作戰編隊等關鍵技術領域，無一不是以大數據和人工智能技術為核心，旨在提升武器裝備和資訊系統的智慧化程度。

軍事數據是激發軍事管理革命的重要內核

黨的十九大報告提出，「推進軍事管理革命，完善和發展中國特色社會主義軍事制度。」隨著人類社會生產力和科技水平的不斷提高，軍事管理的思想理念、體制機制、方法手段必然會發生變化。科學技術和生產方式的每一次劃時代創新，軍事組織和軍事理論的每一次深刻變革，都會催生和引發相應的軍事管理革命。資訊時代，軍事管理革命的核心是效能。提高效能的關鍵在於發揮數據的驅動作用，著力提升軍事管理的專業化、精進、科學化程度。

數據驅動軍事管理理念變革。習主席強調的軍事管理革命，首要的是樹立現代管理理念。品質管理大師戴明與現代科學管理之父德魯克都曾提出：「不會量化就無法管理」。數據是現代管理理念的基礎，也是實現精細管理的基礎。運用數據分析，可準確找出軍事管理問題，為改革軍事管理制度、提升軍事管理效能提供依據。基於經驗的決策，將越來越多地被基於大數據的全樣本決策所取代。只有穩固樹立「用數據說話、用數據決策、用數據管理、用數據創新」的管理理念，才能有效推進以效能為核心的軍事管理革命。

數據驅動軍隊組織形態現代化。黨的十九大報告提出，「全面推進軍隊組織形態現代化」。在大數據時代，軍隊組織形態正從以流程為主的線性方式逐漸向以數據為中心的扁平化網絡方式轉變，呈現出多主體協調、多流程滲透、資訊高頻互動等特徵。以數據流引領資訊流、資源流的整合發展，實現軍隊組織形態從「樹狀」轉變為「網狀」，能夠推動軍隊組織機構設計優化、指揮流程高效化、權責配置科學化。例如，美國按照國防部體系結構架構統一要求，開發的資訊系統即時採集和分析相關數據，並透過數據與能力等關聯關系，對管理流程進行優化，從而確保了國防部有序運作。

數據驅動軍事管理方式轉變。習主席多次強調，要提升軍隊專業化、精進、科學化管理水準。在新的軍隊建設管理體制下，軍委成立了15個部門，對管理決策的要求越來越高，迫切需要整合宏觀和微觀各個層次的軍事數據，全景式動態展示軍事管理流程、要素和環節。通過對數據流、資訊流的態勢研判，不斷優化管理體制和運行機制，推動軍事管理從依靠經驗的“藝術”轉變為依靠數據的“科學”，為有效處理軍事管理復雜巨系統問題提供新思路、新方法和新途徑，將大幅提升軍事管理效能。

軍事數據是軍事科學研究創新的強力支撐

習主席強調指出，要堅持軍事理論和軍事科技緊密結合，創新軍事研究工作模式。當前，以數據共建、共享、共用為核心的科學研究資訊化，正深刻改變科學研究的需求產生、研究模式和工作機制，成為推動科技創新的重要力量。在軍事領域，數據研究也將發揮越來越重要的作用。

引領軍事科學研究方向。目前，我軍科研立項的針對性和科學性還有待提高。採用大數據技術，對國內外、軍內外各類資訊數據進行綜合整合和挖掘分析，不僅可以及時發現我們的短板和弱項，還可以全面感知和分析主要國家軍事科技發展現狀，迅速捕捉研究熱點，預測發展趨勢，識別潛在的顛覆性技術和迷霧陷阱，為科學立項提供引領，推動軍事科學研究需求產生模式發生重大轉變。例如，美國防部技術情報辦公室從2011年開始實施的「技術追蹤與地平線掃描」項目，運用大數據技術對全球科學技術活動進行全面感知和深入研判，分析優勢差距，從而引領未來科研方向和重點。

轉變軍事科學研究範式。 2007年，計算機圖靈獎得主吉姆·格雷提出，人類科研活動歷經科學技術發展之初的“實驗科學範式”、以模型和歸納為特徵的“理論科學範式”、以模擬仿真為特徵的“計算科學範式”，目前正在轉向以大數據分析為特徵的“數據科學範式”。在這種研究範式下，大數據和人工智慧將全面深度嵌入軍事科研工作，以往通過實驗或模擬模擬等方式才能獲取的科學結論，未來透過分析挖掘海量數據就能夠發現未知規律、挖掘隱藏資訊、捕獲有價值知識，從而顛覆傳統的軍事研究模式和機制，形成新的軍事科學研究範式，研究效率也將大幅提升。

推動理技融合深度發展。長期以來，我軍軍事理論研究和軍事技術研究如何相互借力補台一直是“老大難”，理論研究缺乏先進技術支撐，技術研究缺乏軍事理論牽引。調整改革後，從體制上打破了軍事理論研究和軍事技術研究的壁壘，但要真正實現二者的深度融合，必須通過軍事數據的全面共享和高效交互，打通理技融合的信息數據流，構建理技融合的底層通道，有效改變過去二元分立的局面，使數據共享成為軍事科研理技融合「落一子而全盤活」的重要突破口。 （劉林山）

（作者單位：軍事科學院軍事科學資訊研究中心）

——充分認清大數據在國防和軍隊現代化建設中的作用
來源：解放軍報 作者：劉林山 責任編輯：喬楠楠 2018-02-01 09:11:27

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4803911 88.html

#Information Support Force, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dissipative Warfare, 認知域戰, 認知戰

“Studying the Military, Studying War, Studying Fighting” Chinese Military Special Topic: The Key to Winning Cognitive Warfare

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「學軍事、學戰爭、學打仗」中國軍事專題：打贏認知戰爭的關鍵

現代英語：

Information Network: The Key to Winning the Cognitive War

■Zhai Chan

introduction

In today’s era of information and intelligent integration, information networks, with their advantages of deep reach, wide popularity, and strong interactivity, will play an irreplaceable and important role in cognitive warfare. With the support of information networks, cognitive warfare will be more powerful and more scalable. A deep understanding of the mechanism, laws, basic forms, methods and means of cognitive warfare of the role of information networks will help to timely control the initiative of cognitive warfare and lay the foundation for victory.

The Mechanism and Laws of Information Networks and Cognitive Warfare

The essence of cognitive warfare in the role of information networks is to provide massive amounts of information through core algorithms, create biased cognitive scenarios, and influence the thinking and cognition of people and intelligent machines. This process integrates the operating rules of information networks and the internal mechanisms of thinking and cognition, has strong predictability, and is the underlying structure and key point that must be grasped in information network cognitive warfare.

The stickiness effect based on path dependence. The highly developed information network in today’s society provides a platform that people cannot live without for learning, working, living, entertainment, military construction, combat and military struggle preparation, forming an interconnected path dependence between each other. This platform uses information as the core and the network as the medium. Through invisible stickiness, it connects different groups of people, societies, countries and the military together, connecting the entire world into a closely connected global village. Objectively, it also provides a bridge and a link for conducting cognitive operations, influencing the opponent’s thinking and cognition, and winning cognitive wars. In 2009, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton delivered an “Internet Freedom” speech, advocating the “Internet Freedom” strategy, attempting to use the channel formed by people’s high dependence on the Internet to influence the thinking and cognition of the people of the opponent country, especially the younger generation, and spread American values.

Interactive influence based on information exchange. Education believes that interactive communication can effectively overcome the cognitive barriers formed by one-way information transmission, reach consensus, form empathy, and strengthen empathy through mutual information exchange, emotional integration, and mutual needs. A big difference between information networks and traditional communication media is that they provide a carrier that can interact and communicate on a large scale, at a fast pace, and with high efficiency. In this carrier, the party with strong information can repeatedly confirm the influence, adjust methods and strategies, and intervene in the thinking and cognition of the other party through the interactive mechanism provided by the carrier, based on the other party’s thought fluctuations, emotional changes, attitude feedback, etc. For a long time, the United States has maintained a “engagement + containment” strategy toward China. One very important consideration is that this kind of engagement can effectively overcome the communication barriers and information gaps formed by simple blockade and confrontation, enhance the interaction between the two governments and peoples, and thus find opportunities to open gaps and influence our ideas and ideologies. Although this strategy takes place in the traditional field, it is inherently consistent with the interactive influence mechanism of information networks based on information exchange.

The seductive influence based on the preset scene. The concealment, virtuality and permeability of the information network allow its controllers to create extremely deceptive, tempting and inflammatory information scenes through water army flooding, information filtering and “fishing in troubled waters” and other technical and strategic means, so that the opponent is deeply trapped in it without knowing it, and instead develops towards the preset process and results. This directional manipulation of the information network can subtly and efficiently influence, infect and shape the opponent’s thinking and cognition, so that the opponent is unconsciously led by the rhythm, and the combat effect is far better than the confrontation. On the eve of the Iraq War, the US media spread false information such as the existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq through the Internet and other platforms, accusing the Saddam regime of collusion with al-Qaeda, rampant corruption, and unprovoked harm to the Iraqi people. At the same time, they tried every means to cover up the truth, filter out the anti-war voices of their own people, and strive to create an atmosphere that the Saddam regime is evil and hateful and that the whole of America is united in hatred of the enemy.

The basic form of cognitive warfare in the role of information networks

The laws of war and the mechanism of victory determine the basic form of war. The laws and mechanisms of cognitive warfare based on information networks inherently determine the external forms of this war. The most basic and representative ones include information confusion warfare, misleading thinking warfare, and will-destroying warfare.

Information confusion warfare. It is to infuse the network with a large amount of complex information that combines the real and the fake, which is both true and illusory, so that the enemy’s information network capacity is overloaded, malfunctions, and disordered operations, or causes specific audiences to become “deaf, blind, and insensitive”, have cognitive abilities blocked, and their thinking, cognition, and decision-making judgments are hindered. This form of warfare is often used in the early stages of combat and in opaque battlefields. The party with information advantage can make the enemy fall into a state of panic and bewilderment, resulting in perception failure, loss of thinking, and self-disorder. Bloomberg reported that the Space Force, the sixth branch of the U.S. military that was recently established, plans to purchase 48 jammer systems by 2027, aiming to disrupt satellite signals “in the event of a conflict with a major power.” Many national militaries generally feel that the information they receive is not too little but too much. The massive amount of information coming from all directions has put tremendous pressure on situation perception and analysis and judgment.

Misleading thinking warfare. This is to form a biased information scene by instilling specific information that contains the intentions of the party controlling the information network, misleading, deceiving and influencing the thinking of specific countries, armies and people, causing them to deviate from the correct development track and deviate in a direction that is beneficial to oneself and detrimental to the enemy. It is the highest level and common practice of cognitive attack. This kind of misleading is based on strong external pressure, on specious strategies, and on information mixed with water as a weapon. It targets the opponent’s thinking characteristics and weak links, and implements clear-cut deception, causing the opponent to lose his way in tension and panic, and fall into the “trap” unknowingly. In recent years, while implementing the great power competition strategy, some countries have used cyber trolls to fabricate false situations, create false information, and spread true rumors to fan the flames around our country and encourage some countries that have historical grievances with our country and frictions with our country in reality to seek trouble. The purpose is to induce us to divert our attention, weaken the investment of resources and strength in the main strategic direction, deviate from the track of great power rejuvenation, and seek to reap the benefits of the two fishermen.

Will-destroying war. Futurist Alfred Toffler said that whoever controls the human mind controls the entire world. War is ultimately a confrontation between people. People’s psychological activities largely affect their mental state, which in turn affects their will to fight. Will-destroying war is different from traditional warfare that indirectly affects people’s will through material destruction. It directly affects the psychological activities, mental state and thinking decisions of key figures, thus affecting military morale, fighting will and combat actions. With the development of science and technology and social progress, the intervention in people’s will has entered the stage of “technology + strategy” from the traditional strategy-based intervention. More than a decade ago, scientists developed a “sound beam” weapon that uses an electromagnetic network to emit extremely narrow sound waves from hundreds of meters away, interfering with the enemy’s judgment and even causing mental confusion among strong-willed soldiers. In recent years, studies have shown that artificial speech synthesis technology based on brain wave signals can extract signals from the brain and synthesize speech that humans can directly understand.

Information networks are the main means of cognitive warfare

“Technology + strategy” constitutes the basic means of modern cognitive warfare. As a product of modern scientific and technological development, the information network’s means of effecting cognitive warfare are also mainly reflected in “technology + strategy”. This provides us with a basic entry point for understanding and grasping the ways and scientific paths of information network’s effect on cognitive warfare, thereby winning the war.

Big data construction. As the core component of the information network, data is not only the carrier of information, but also the “new oil” driven by the value of the information network, and the basic ammunition for cognitive warfare. Through massive data, complex information scenarios are constructed for my use, or the opponent’s cognitive confusion, or misleading and deceiving thinking, or destroying beliefs and wills are formed, which constitutes the basic logic of cognitive warfare in the information network. In this logical framework, data is undoubtedly the most basic resource and the most core element. A few years ago, authoritative departments calculated that the world produces about 2.5 exabytes (EB) of data every day, of which only 20% is structured data that can be directly used, and the remaining 80% needs to be analyzed, identified, and screened. These data resources, which are growing exponentially, provide an inexhaustible supply of “data ammunition” for constructing data information scenarios and conducting cognitive warfare.

Intelligent push. In the information network era, intelligent push has become a convenient channel for people to absorb external information, gain identification of thinking, emotional resonance, and influence the thinking and cognition of others. Using advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence to collect, organize, and analyze people’s thinking habits and behavioral preference data to form personalized and customized perception push can produce an “echo wall” of social cognitive trends and an information cocoon that shackles people. At the same time, it is also conducive to empathizing with others, understanding the thinking trends and possible actions of opponents, and taking targeted countermeasures. In our daily lives, we all have the experience of receiving a large amount of similar information after shopping online or searching for certain types of information. This intelligent push method is applied to cognitive operations, which can easily enable the information leader to use information network data to conduct forward-looking analysis and judgment on the decisions and actions that may be made by the command and decision-making level of the combat target, and induce them to make the decision-making actions they hope to see or make corresponding response measures in advance.

Emotional infiltration. Freud said that we are not pure wisdom or pure souls, but a collection of impulses. In the information network space, the concepts that can be widely and quickly disseminated are often not calm, rational, and objective thinking and analysis, but mostly impulsive and irrational emotional mobilization. This is determined by the fast pace of information dissemination and news release. The cognitive need to respond quickly to this information, in turn, leads to the reflexive, impulsive, and emotional response of “fast thinking”, which transforms seemingly isolated social cases into highly coercive and inflammatory psychological hints and behavioral drives, and explosively promotes irrational decision-making and actions. In June 2009, a diplomatic cable disclosed by WikiLeaks described the lavish banquets held by the family of Tunisia’s Ben Ali regime and described the regime as a corrupt and tyrannical “mafia”. This deepened the resentment of the country’s citizens and became an important driving force behind the “Jasmine Revolution” that overthrew the Ben Ali regime.

現代國語：

來源：解放軍報 作者：翟嬋 責任編輯：劉上靖 2021-11-18 06:49:14
資訊網絡：認知戰制勝要津

■翟 嬋

引 言

在資訊化智慧化融合發展的當今時代，資訊網絡以其觸角深、受眾廣、互動性強等優勢，在認知戰中將發揮無可取代的重要作用。有了資訊網絡的加持，認知戰將如虎添翼、如魚得水。深刻掌握資訊網絡作用認知戰的機理規律、基本形態、方法手段等，有助於及時掌控認知戰主動權，為贏得勝利奠定基礎。

資訊網絡作用認知戰的機理規律

資訊網絡作用認知戰的本質在於透過核心演算法，提供大量訊息，營造傾向性認知場景，影響人和智慧機器的思維認知。這個過程融合資訊網絡運行規律和思維認知內在機理，具有很強的可預知性，是資訊網絡認知戰必須把握的底層架構和關鍵之點。

基於路徑依賴的黏性影響。當今社會高度發達的資訊網絡，提供了一個人們學習、工作、生活、娛樂，軍隊建設、作戰和軍事鬥爭準備須臾離不開的平台，在彼此之間形成一個互聯互通的路徑依賴。這一平台以資訊為核、網絡為媒，透過無形的黏性把不同人群、社會、國家包括軍隊連接在一起，既將整個世界打通成一個緊密聯繫的地球村，客觀上也為開展認知作戰、影響對手思維認知、制勝認知戰爭提供了橋樑和紐帶。 2009年美國國務卿希拉裡曾發表「互聯網自由」演說，鼓吹「互聯網自由」戰略，企圖利用人們對互聯網的高度依賴形成的作用通道，影響對手國民眾特別是青年一代的思維認知，傳播美式價值觀。

基於資訊交換的互動影響。教育學認為，互動交流能有效克服訊息單向傳遞所形成的認知屏障，在彼此訊息交換、情感融通、需求相促中達成共識、形成同理心、強化同理。資訊網絡與傳統交流溝通媒介的一個很大不同，在於提供了一個能大範圍、快節奏、高效率互動交流的載體。在這一載體中，資訊強勢一方能透過載體提供的互動機制，依據另一方的思想波動、情緒變化、態度回饋等，反復確認影響，調整方法策略，幹預另一方的思維認知。長期以來，美國對華保持「接觸+遏制」戰略，一個很重要的考慮就在於這種接觸能有效克服單純封鎖對抗形成的溝通壁壘和信息鴻溝，增強兩國政府和民眾之間的互動，從而尋找機會打開缺口，影響我們的思想觀念和意識形態。這項戰略雖然發生在傳統領域，但與資訊網絡基於資訊交換的互動影響機理內在一致。

基於預設場景的誘導影響。資訊網絡的隱蔽性、虛擬性、滲透性，使其掌控者能通過水軍灌水、資訊過濾、「渾水摸魚」等技術和謀略手段，營造極具欺騙性、誘惑性、煽動性的信息場景，使對手深陷其中而不自知，反而朝著預設的過程和結果發展。這種對資訊網絡的指向性操控，能潛移默化地高效影響、感染和塑造對手的思維認知，使之不知不覺被帶節奏，收到遠比對抗硬槓好得多的作戰效果。伊拉克戰爭前夕，美國媒體透過網路等平台大肆散佈伊拉克存在大規模殺傷性武器等虛假訊息，指責薩達姆政權與基地組織相互勾連、腐敗成風，還無端殘害伊拉克人民，同時又想方設法掩蓋事實真相，過濾本國人民的反戰聲音，極力營造薩達姆政權邪惡可恨、全美上下同仇敵愾的氛圍。

資訊網絡作用認知戰的基本形態

戰爭規律和製勝機理決定戰爭的基本形態。資訊網絡作用認知戰的規律機理內在規定著這種戰爭的外在呈現形態。其中最基本、最具代表性的包括資訊迷茫戰、思維誤導戰和意志毀傷戰。

資訊迷茫戰。就是用海量虛實結合、亦真亦幻的復雜信息灌注網絡，使敵對方信息網絡容量過載、功能失常、運轉失序，或導致特定受眾對象“失聰失明失感”、認知能力擁堵、思維認知和決策判斷受阻。這一戰爭形態常用於作戰初期和不透明戰場，擁有資訊優勢的一方能使敵對方陷入茫然不知所措的恐慌狀態，從而感知失靈、思維失據、自亂陣腳。彭博社稱，美國成立不久的第六大軍種——太空軍，計劃2027年前採購48套幹擾系統，旨在“與大國發生沖突情況下”，幹擾迷茫其衛星信號。不少國家軍隊普遍感到，現在獲取的資訊不是太少了而是太多了，來自四面八方的巨量資訊大量聚集，給態勢感知和分析判斷造成巨大壓力。

思維誤導戰。就是透過灌輸包含資訊網絡掌控方意圖指向的特定訊息，形成傾向性訊息場景，誤導欺騙和影響特定國家、軍隊和人群思維理念，使之偏離正確發展軌道，朝著於己有利、於敵有損的方向偏移，是認知攻擊的最高境界和慣常做法。這種誤導以強大的外部壓力為前提，以似是而非的策略為基礎，以摻雜水分的信息為武器，針對對手思維特點和薄弱環節，實施導向鮮明的誘騙，使對手在緊張慌亂中迷失方向，不知不覺落入「圈套」。這些年來，一些國家在實施大國競爭戰略的同時，通過網絡水軍虛構假情況、製造假信息、散佈真謠言，在我國週邊煽風點火，鼓動一些在歷史上與我國有積怨、現實中有摩擦的國家尋尋覓滋事，目的就是要誘導我們轉移注意力，削弱在主要戰略方向上的資源力量投入，偏離強國復興的軌道，謀取漁翁之利。

意志毀傷戰。未來學家托夫勒說，誰控制了人的心理，誰就控制了整個世界。戰爭說到底是人與人的對抗，人的心理活動很大程度影響人的精神狀態，進而影響作戰意志。意志毀傷戰與傳統作戰透過物質摧毀間接影響人的意志不同，它透過直接影響關鍵人物的心理活動、精神狀態和思維決策，影響軍心士氣、戰鬥意志和作戰行動。隨著科技發展和社會進步，對人的意志的干預，已經由傳統以謀略為主演進到“技術+謀略”階段。早在十多年前就有科學家研製出“聲波集束”武器，通過電磁網絡從數百米外發射極為狹窄的聲波“音柱”，幹擾敵人判斷甚至使意志堅強的軍人精神錯亂。近年來有研究表明，基於腦電波信號的人工語音合成技術可提取大腦中的信號，合成人類能夠直接理解的語音。

資訊網絡作用認知戰的主要手段

「技術+謀略」構成現代認知戰的基本手段。資訊網絡作為現代科技發展的產物，其對認知戰的作用手段也主要體現在「技術+謀略」上。這為我們認識並掌握資訊網絡作用認知戰的方式、科學路徑，從而製勝戰爭提供了基本切入點。

大數據構塑。數據作為資訊網絡的核心構件，不僅是資訊的載體，而且是資訊網絡價值驅動的“新石油”，更是作用認知戰的基本彈藥。透過大量資料構塑為我所用的複雜資訊場景，或對對手進行思維認知迷茫，或給予思維誤導欺騙，或進行信念意志摧毀，構成資訊網絡作用認知戰的基本邏輯。在這個邏輯架構中，數據無疑是最基礎的資源、最核心的元素。遠在幾年前，權威部門就統計，全球每天生產約2.5艾字節（EB）的數據，其中僅20%是可以直接利用的結構化數據，其餘80%則需要進行分析、甄別、篩選。這些幾何級數成長湧現的數據資源，為構塑數據資訊場景、實施認知戰提供了取之不盡用之不竭的「數據彈藥」。

智能化推送。資訊網絡時代，智慧化推播成為人們攝取外在訊息，獲得思考認同、情感共鳴、影響他人思考認知的便利管道。運用人工智慧等先進技術收集、整理、分析人的思維慣性、行為偏好數據，形成擬人化客製化感知推送，能夠產生社會認知趨同的「回音壁」和桎梏人的信息繭房，同時也有利於推己及人、了解對手的思維趨向和可能行動，有針對性地採取應對措施。生活中，我們都有一次或幾次網上購物、搜索某類信息後，大量類同信息推送進來的經歷，這種智能化推送手段應用到認知作戰中，很容易使信息主導方通過信息網絡數據，對作戰對象指揮決策層可能做出的決策、採取的行動等予以前瞻分析研判，誘導其作出希望看到的決策行動或預先作出相應的應對措施。

情緒化浸染。佛洛伊德說，我們不是純粹的智慧、純粹的靈魂，而是一個沖動的集合。在資訊網絡空間，能夠得到廣泛且快速傳播的觀念認知，往往不是冷靜理性客觀的思維分析，多是沖動非理性的情緒情緒動員。這是由資訊傳播、新聞發布「先發製人」的快節奏決定的。對這些資訊作出快速反應的認知需求，反過來又導致「快思維」條件反射性、沖動性、情緒化反應，將看似孤立的社會個案轉化為具有強烈壓迫性、煽動性的心理暗示和行為驅動，暴發性催生非理性決策行動。 2009年6月維基解密披露的一份外交電文中，描繪了突尼斯本·阿里政權家族宴會的奢靡場景，並煞有介事地將該政權形容為腐敗暴政的“黑手黨”，這加深了該國國民怨恨情緒，從而成為引燃推翻本·阿里政權的「茉莉花革命」重要推手。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4899062.html?big=fan

#intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Informatization, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 認知域戰, 認知戰

Chinese Military Forum: Exploring the Way to “Total Victory” in Modern Warfare

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中國軍事論壇：探索現代戰爭「全面勝利」之路

現代英語：

Exploring the Way to “Total Victory” in Modern Warfare

■ Zhao Siyang

Introduction

“Sun Tzu’s Art of War” is a representative work of ancient Chinese military theory, which contains rich wisdom for defeating the enemy. Entering the era of information-based and intelligent warfare, the limited, shocking, and mixed characteristics of war are more prominent, highlighting the invaluable thoughts of Sun Tzu such as “conquering the enemy without fighting”, “destroying the enemy’s plots and alliances”, and “ensuring the country and the whole army”. The wisdom of victory contained in “Sun Tzu’s Art of War” still has important practical implications for solving the current national security and war problems, limiting war violence to the maximum extent, and achieving “total victory”.

The core idea of ​​”total victory”: the method of attacking and defeating the enemy without fighting

Sun Tzu discussed military affairs, but he did not believe that force was the only means of victory. He proposed the concept of “total victory” of attacking the enemy with strategy and conquering the enemy without fighting. He advocated that the enemy should be subdued by non-violent means as much as possible to achieve the greatest victory at the lowest cost.

The key to Sun Tzu’s “total victory” idea is the word “total”. “Total” means to make the enemy completely surrender and not suffer any losses, thus minimizing the damage of the war. Sun Tzu advocated that with superior strength and full preparation for war as the prerequisite, we should use political, economic, diplomatic, and military intimidation means comprehensively, and stop the outbreak of war by taking the initiative, being flexible and maneuverable, and creating momentum. According to his idea, we can make the enemy surrender without fighting, from the enemy country to the enemy army, and from the enemy brigade to the enemy soldier, so as to achieve the goal of defeating the enemy and ensuring the safety of the lives of both armies. In Sun Tzu’s conception, we should not only cherish the lives of our soldiers and civilians, but also attach importance to protecting the enemy’s soldiers and civilians to avoid the confrontation between the two sides ending up in the destruction of the country and the family.

In order to achieve the goal of “total victory”, in terms of strategic planning, we must have an advantage over the enemy, “the one who is good at calculations has more calculations”; in terms of power comparison, we must be in an advantageous position, “the victorious army is like a hammer against a hammer”; in terms of war preparations, we must be thorough and meticulous, “first make ourselves invincible, and then wait for the enemy to be defeated.” “Subjugating the enemy without fighting” is an ideal outcome, but in real wars, it is often necessary to win a certain part of the war in exchange for “subjugating the enemy without fighting” in another part. This principle is equally applicable from the national strategic level to the combat level. It not only plays an important role in stopping and containing wars in peacetime, but is also widely applicable even in the course of a war to weaken the enemy’s strength, strike the enemy’s arrogance, and cooperate with the victory of military struggle.

The destructive power of war is enormous. “One hundred thousand soldiers were mobilized, and the daily expenditure was thousands of gold coins.” “Nothing was seen when going out, and the plain was covered with bones.” Sun Tzu proposed the way of “total victory”, advocating that by relying on one’s own superior strength, various means should be used in a comprehensive manner, and through comprehensive preparation and continuous maintenance of absolute superiority, the enemy’s political foundation and strategy should be disintegrated, and the enemy should be isolated and helpless. He emphasized the use of military means to form a strategic posture that intimidates the enemy, to achieve maximum benefits with relatively small consumption, and to achieve the goal as much as possible without fighting. This idea is different from the Western theory of strategic intimidation and reflects the flexibility of Chinese strategic thinking.

Sun Tzu regarded “complete victory” as the best outcome of war, rather than just seeking “victory”, with the goal of minimizing the losses of war. The key to “complete victory” is the change in thinking and strategic concepts: not only winning the military, but also winning the political; not only winning the war, but also winning the peace; not only winning the interests, but also winning the hearts of the people. Informatization and intelligentization of war, the destructive power of war is unprecedented, but the means of controlling war have not increased significantly. Therefore, if you want to form a winning trend in wartime and achieve the goal of “no delay in the army and the benefits can be complete”, you cannot wait until the war breaks out before taking action. Instead, you should win the enemy in peacetime and in war preparation activities.

The way to achieve “total victory”: destroy the plots and alliances, and attack the troops and cities

Through in-depth research on war issues, Sun Tzu proposed the strategic idea of ​​”conquering the enemy without fighting”, advocating to avoid bloodshed as much as possible to achieve strategic goals.

Sun Tzu’s “subjugating the enemy without fighting” can be divided into two Fan Tu. “Attacking the enemy’s plans” and “attacking the alliances” belong to the “no-war” Fan Tu; “Attacking the soldiers” and “attack the city” belong to the “cautious war” Fan Tu. Among them, “Attacking the enemy’s plans” and “Attacking the alliances” belonging to the political and diplomatic struggle Fan Tu put the first place in the means of war, through strategic planning and diplomatic games, without losing a single soldier, which is the best strategy. “Attacking the soldiers” and “attack the city” and other military means are the worst strategies used when necessary. Sun Tzu took “subjugating the enemy without fighting” as the highest principle to guide war, opposed the use of military forces, and advocated the greatest victory at the lowest cost. Sun Tzu believed that in order to achieve certain political goals, both military and non-military means can be adopted, and these two means and two ways can be used to comprehensively plan strategic strategies. The best way to resolve contradictions and conflicts between countries and political groups is to use non-violent means to achieve the desired goals, that is, to use a strong military force as a backing, comprehensively use a variety of forces, and through means such as thwarting the enemy’s schemes and destroying the enemy’s diplomacy, divide and disintegrate the enemy’s alliance and make it surrender. Carry out actions with the most complete preparations and the least cost, reduce the harm of war to the lowest level, and avoid causing major losses to the country and the people.

The concept of “conquering the enemy without fighting” does not advocate completely abandoning war, but rather that the key to victory lies in strong military strength and careful advance preparation, supplemented by a variety of means such as politics, economy, military, and diplomacy, to force the enemy not to take the risk of launching a war, thereby avoiding the occurrence of war. “No war” does not mean that military struggle can be abandoned, but is the result of the comprehensive deterrence formed by the comprehensive use of various military and non-military means. At all times, military struggle is the last and most powerful means of all means.

We must clearly realize that “conquering the enemy without fighting” is a special phenomenon and a special law, and “conquering the enemy by fighting” is a universal law. In many cases, the “cause” of “conquering the enemy by fighting” can give rise to the “result” of “conquering the enemy without fighting”. Only when one side is in an absolute advantage and the other side is in an absolute disadvantage in the comprehensive comparison of power, “conquering the enemy without fighting” can be achieved. Without the support of strong military strength, it will be difficult to obtain the expected benefits in the construction of state relations, and the existing benefits will also be lost. Judging from the many military treatises and war practices after Sun Tzu, the idea of ​​”not fighting” has been constantly developing with the evolution of the times and the changes in technical conditions. More and more military strategists of later generations no longer regard absolute non-war as the highest goal, but are more concerned with how to win first and then fight. This evolution reflects the unity of preparing for war, being cautious about war, and daring to fight in Chinese strategic thinking.

The realistic choice of “total victory”: safeguarding the country and the army and maintaining peace

Since ancient times, people have known that war is not about warmongering. The Chinese nation has always loved peace. “War is dangerous” and “Warfare leads to destruction” are the basic attitudes of Chinese traditional culture and the Chinese people towards war. On the issue of war and peace, Sun Tzu advocated resolving disputes by non-war means. Even if military means are used, he opposed the narrow military view that relies solely on force to achieve goals. In Sun Tzu’s view, war is not only about the survival of a country, but also about the rise and fall of a nation. Whether it is “conquering the enemy without fighting” or “the best strategy is to attack the enemy’s plans”, the essence is “stop fighting and seek peace”, which reflects the values ​​and ideals of benevolence and justice, peace-oriented values ​​and ideal pursuits that have been passed down in Chinese history, and strives to resolve disputes by non-war means.

In today’s international society, local wars and terrorism are still huge obstacles to world peace and development. Sun Tzu’s “total victory” thought may provide new ideas for solving these problems. From the perspective of war practice, in today’s world, war is still the “Sword of Damocles” hanging over the heads of mankind. Controlling the scale of war, reducing war casualties, reducing incidental losses, and protecting people’s lives and property have become inevitable requirements for the development of human society and political civilization. The abuse of war means is neither in line with the world’s people’s desire for peace, freedom and development, nor does it help to fundamentally eliminate the inherent contradictions that cause disputes. It may even intensify the conflicts and confrontations between different civilizations, affecting regional and even world peace and stability. Avoiding casualties and destruction is the development trend of human civilization. Relying on power advantage to achieve goals at the lowest cost and in the shortest time is often the best choice. How to reduce the possibility of war, effectively reduce war losses, and better control the scale and progress of war, this trend embodies the goal pursued by Sun Tzu’s “total victory” thought and gives it modern value.

In today’s world, opposing war and maintaining peace have become the common aspirations of all countries in the struggle for their own survival and development. Of course, the jungle law of international competition has not changed, and history is far from the era of turning swords into plowshares. In international politics, we need to proceed from the most fundamental overall interests of mankind, abandon the power politics mentality, understand each other, seek common ground while reserving differences, fully understand the historical traditions of different cultural groups, use war and other violent means prudently, handle international affairs fairly, and promote the formation of a mutually beneficial and win-win world pattern.

現代國語：

探析現代戰爭的「全勝」之道

■趙巳陽

引 言

《孫子兵法》是中國古代軍事理論的代表作，蘊含著豐富的克敵制勝智慧。進入資訊化智慧化戰爭時代，戰爭的有限性、震懾性、混合性等特徵更加突出，凸顯了孫子「不戰而屈人之兵」「伐謀伐交」「安國全軍」等思想的彌足珍貴。 《孫子兵法》所蘊含的製勝智慧，對於破解當今國家安全和戰爭難題，最大限度地限制戰爭暴力並獲得“全勝”，仍具有重要的現實啟示意義。

「全勝」的核心思想：謀攻之法，不戰屈敵

孫子談兵論戰，卻不認為武力是製勝的唯一手段。他提出以謀攻敵，不戰而屈人之兵的「全勝」觀，主張盡可能地透過非暴力手段使敵方屈服，以最小的代價獲取最大勝利。

孫子「全勝」思想，要義是一個「全」字。 「全」就是使敵完全屈服，我方不受損失，從而將戰爭的傷害降到最低。孫子主張，以優勢的實力和充分的迎戰準備為前提條件，綜合運用政治、經濟、外交、武力威懾等手段，通過先機制敵、靈活機變、謀勢造勢，制止戰爭的爆發。按照他的主張，大到敵國敵軍，小到敵旅敵卒都可以不戰而使其屈服，從而達到既打敗對方，又保證兩軍生命安全的目的。在孫子的構想中，不但要珍惜我方軍民的生命，而且要重視保全敵方將士和民眾，避免對抗雙方走向國破家亡的結局。

為達到「全勝」的目的，在戰略謀劃上，要勝敵一籌，「廟算勝者，得算多也」；在力量對比上，要處於優勢，「勝兵若以鎰稱銖」；在戰爭準備上，要周到細緻，「先為不可勝，以待敵之可勝」。 「不戰而屈人之兵」是理想的結局，但在現實戰爭中，往往需要用某一局部的戰而勝之，換取另一局部的「不戰而屈人之兵」。這原則從國家戰略層次到戰鬥層次，都同樣適用。不僅和平時期對制止和遏制戰爭有重要作用，即便在戰爭進程中，也廣泛適用，以削弱敵方實力，打擊敵之氣焰，配合軍事鬥爭的勝利。

戰爭的破壞力是巨大的，「興師十萬，日費千金」「出門無所見，白骨蔽平原」。孫子提出「全勝」之道，主張憑借己方優勢力量，綜合利用各種手段，通過全面的準備和絕對優勢的持續保持，瓦解敵方的政治基礎和戰略，陷敵於孤立無援境地。他強調以軍事手段運用形成威加於敵的戰略態勢，以較小消耗實現最大化收益，盡量用不戰的方式達成目的。這一思想不同於西方的戰略威懾理論，體現了中國戰略思想的彈性。

孫子將“全”作為戰爭的最佳結局，而非一味求“勝”，其目的是將戰爭的損失降至最低限度。 「全勝」的關鍵是思維方式和戰略理念的轉變：不僅贏得軍事，更要贏得政治；不僅贏得戰爭，更要贏得和平；不僅贏得利益，更要贏得人心。資訊化智能化戰爭，戰爭的破壞力空前巨大，但控制戰爭的手段並未明顯增加。因此，要在戰時形成製勝之勢，達到「兵不頓而利可全」的目的，就不能等戰爭爆發以後再行動。而應在和平時期，在戰爭準備活動中就勝敵於先。

「全勝」的實現途徑：伐謀伐交，伐兵攻城

孫子透過對戰爭問題的深入研究，提出「不戰而屈人之兵」這一戰略思想，主張盡量避免用流血手段來達成戰略目的。

孫子「不戰而屈人之兵」可分為兩個範疇。 「伐謀」和「伐交」屬於「不戰」的範疇；「伐兵」和「攻城」屬於「慎戰」的範疇。其中，把屬於政治外交鬥爭範疇的「伐謀」和「伐交」擺在戰爭手段的首位，通過謀略運籌與外交博弈，不損一兵一卒，是為上策。 「伐兵」「攻城」等軍事手段則是不得已而用的下策。孫子以「不戰而屈人之兵」作為指導戰爭的最高原則，反對窮兵黷武，主張以最小的代價換取最大的勝利。孫子認為，為實現一定的政治目的，既可以採取軍事手段，也可以採取非軍事手段，以這兩種手段、兩種方式去綜合籌劃戰略策略。解決國家之間、政治集團之間的矛盾和沖突的最佳方法是採用非暴力手段達成預期目的，即以強大的軍事實力為後盾，綜合運用多種力量，通過挫敗敵方的計謀、破壞敵方的外交等手段，分化瓦解敵人的聯盟，使之屈服。以最全的準備和最小的代價實施行動，把戰爭的危害降到最低程度，避免對國家、人民造成重大損失。

「不戰而屈人之兵」理念並非主張完全擯棄戰爭，而是講取勝的關鍵在於強大的軍事實力和周密的預先準備，並輔之以政治、經濟、軍事、外交等多種手段，迫使敵人不敢冒險發動戰爭，進而避免戰爭發生。 「不戰」絕不代表可以放棄軍事鬥爭，而是綜合運用軍事與非軍事的各種手段所形成的綜合威懾力的結果。無論何時，軍事鬥爭是一切手段中最後也是最有力的手段。

必須清醒地認識到，「不戰而屈人之兵」是特殊現象和特殊規律，「戰而屈人之兵」才是普遍規律。很多時候，“戰而屈人之兵”的“因”才能催生出“不戰而屈人之兵”的“果”，只有在力量的綜合對比中，一方處於絕對優勢，而另一方處在絕對劣勢的情況下，「不戰而屈人之兵」才有可能實現。缺少了強大軍事實力的支撐，在國家關系構建中，預期的利益就難以獲得，已有的利益也將喪失。從孫子以後的諸多兵家論著與戰爭實踐來看，「不戰」的思想隨著時代的演進和技術條件的改變而不斷發展。更多的後世兵家不再把絕對化的非戰視為最高目標，而是更重視如何先勝後戰。這種演變，體現中國戰略思想中備戰、慎戰、敢戰的統一。

「全勝」的現實選擇：安國全軍，維護和平

自古知兵非好戰。中華民族歷來熱愛和平，「兵兇戰危」「好戰必亡」是中國傳統文化和中國人民對待戰爭的基本態度。在戰爭與和平問題上，孫子主張以非戰爭手段解決爭端。即使是運用軍事手段，也反對單純依賴武力達成目的的狹隘軍事觀點。在孫子看來，戰爭不僅事關國家存亡，也事關民族興衰。無論是“不戰而屈人之兵”，還是“上兵伐謀”，其精髓均在於“止戈謀和”，這集中反映了中國歷史上一脈相承的仁義為本、以和平為取向的價值觀和理想追求，力求以非戰爭手段解決爭端的文化傳統。

當今國際社會，局部戰爭與恐怖主義仍然是橫亙在世界和平與發展道路上的巨大障礙。而孫子的「全勝」思想或許能夠為破解這些難題提供新的思路。從戰爭實踐講，當今世界，戰爭仍然是懸掛在人類頭頂上的「達摩克利斯之劍」。控制戰爭規模，減少戰爭傷亡，降低附帶損失，保護人民生命和財產，成為人類社會政治文明發展的必然要求。濫用戰爭手段，既不符合世界人民追求和平、自由與發展的願望，也無助於從根本上消除引發紛爭的固有矛盾，甚至加劇不同文明之間的沖突與對抗，影響地區乃至世界和平與穩定。避免傷亡和破壞是人類文明的發展趨勢，以最小代價和在最短時間內實現目標往往成為最佳選擇。如何把戰爭可能性降低，有效減少戰爭損失，更好地控制戰爭規模和進程，這一趨勢正體現了孫子「全勝」思想所追求的目標，並為其賦予了現代價值。

當今世界，反對戰爭、維護和平，已成為各國在爭取自身生存和發展鬥爭過程中共同的心願。當然，國際競爭的叢林法則並沒有改變，歷史遠沒有走到鑄劍為犁的時代。在國際政治中，需要從人類最根本的整體利益出發，放棄強權政治思維，相互理解、求同存異，充分理解不同文化群體的歷史傳統，慎重運用戰爭等暴力手段，公平處理國際事務，推動形成互利共贏的世界格局。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16354594.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Future Wars, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知戰

Chinese Military Building a Solid Data Foundation for Victory in the Intelligent Battlefield

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中國軍隊為智慧戰場勝利建構堅實數據基礎

現代英語：

Build a solid data foundation for victory in the intelligent battlefield

——A brief analysis of military data management in future wars

■Bai Xiaoying Li Xiaosong

Military data is an important engine for promoting changes in the quality, efficiency and power of military construction. With the development of technology, the way data is generated and used is constantly changing, which poses new challenges to the concepts and methods of military data. To win the future information-based and intelligent war, it is necessary to establish a new military data governance ecosystem, focus on strengthening data integration and data empowerment, and enhance data management capabilities throughout the life cycle, support capabilities for scenario-based analysis and intelligent applications, and safe and controllable supervision capabilities.

Recognize the objective necessity of military data governance

As a basic resource, data is being integrated into military operations, military training, strategic management, equipment construction, and logistics support at an accelerated pace. Military data governance activities are based on data quality, aim to release data value, and ensure data security, and are becoming increasingly important in the construction of military informationization and intelligence.

Objective requirements for improving data quality. Whether it is military construction management or military combat command, it is necessary to process and analyze a large amount of data with various types, different standards, and complex relationships from different channels, different time and space, and different fields. The large amount of data accumulated at different stages of military construction often has problems such as incomplete systems, inaccurate content, untimely updates, and ineffective alignment of multiple source data, which can easily lead to insufficient decision-making basis and even misleading decisions. Improving the availability, completeness, correctness, consistency, timeliness and other credible attributes of military data, and supporting military modeling and analysis based on high-quality data can provide support for the realization of scientific decision-making based on data.

The practical need to release the value of data. Traditional military information systems are mostly used to support a single department or a single business need. Data is created and stored along with the business system. Data between different systems is difficult to be compatible and effectively associated, and business collaboration processes based on data flow have not been established between different departments. With the continuous iteration of the system, a large amount of high-value data cannot be reused and may become “stagnant water”. However, business development requires a large amount of historical data resources from different periods. Repeated construction is bound to cause a large waste of manpower, financial resources and time. Data governance promotes the cross-level, cross-domain, cross-system, cross-departmental and cross-business circulation of data by establishing data standards, optimizing business processes, and improving management mechanisms, continuously improving the ability of comprehensive data perception and deep cognition, and maximizing the release of data value.

Necessary measures to ensure data security. The high sensitivity of military data determines the high security requirements of governance. Due to threats such as data leakage, data destruction, and data abuse, data owners and users often have various concerns about sharing data, resulting in many problems such as invisible, unavailable, and dare not use data. Data security governance runs through the entire life cycle of data generation, circulation, application, evolution, and destruction, meets the trust requirements of data rights authorization, shared circulation, audit traceability, and builds a management and technical system for security assurance.

Face up to the role and value of military data governance

Military data governance can effectively improve data quality, ensure data security, promote data sharing, and play an enabling role in assisting military construction and management decision-making and improving the effectiveness of military scientific research and innovation.

Empower future combat operations. In future wars, combat advantages are highly dependent on data advantages. The ever-changing battlefield environment requires real-time aggregation of data from land, sea, air, space, electricity, and network combat domains to gain decision-making advantages. In an open, collaborative, dynamic, and evolving data ecosystem, high-quality data governance can effectively ensure the quality and security of data throughout its life cycle. Building a modern data connection and sharing architecture can horizontally connect data covering various forces in joint operations, and vertically aggregate data covering command and control, battlefield environment, combat readiness intelligence, etc., to form a data pool that supports multi-domain operations and provide real-time, multi-source data assurance for multi-domain operations. Data governance targets a large amount of raw data, efficiently removes the coarse and retains the fine, removes the false and retains the true, and extracts high-value information, so that commanders can grasp the accurate and dynamic battlefield situation in real time in future operations, and use this as a basis to accurately judge the enemy’s situation and our situation, make scientific decisions and deployments, accurately control combat actions, and ensure the accuracy and efficiency of multi-domain combat activities. According to changes in the battlefield situation and different types of authorization, commanders can flexibly and quickly obtain and call data that meets combat applications, providing more powerful data support and better service supply for multi-domain operations.

Support the modernization of military governance. In the era of intelligence, through the digital collection, standardized processing, and networked connection of military governance elements, the physical world is highly digitized, and the physical world is reshaped by digital mapping, realizing the full connection of physical domains, information domains, etc. With the help of data governance, an integrated military governance information network platform that is cross-military, cross-domain, and cross-system can be systematically built, effectively integrating multiple governance paths such as leadership, coordination, guidance, and interaction, and driving the transformation of fragmented management to holistic governance. The deep integration of military data governance work with business work such as military strategic management, equipment construction, training support, and military scientific research can provide high-quality data for planning, resource allocation, and management evaluation, and promote the improvement of the quality and efficiency of the military governance system. Through data governance, effective integration and deep fusion of data across systems and departments can be achieved, which can effectively break through the time, space and field limitations of the traditional management system and improve modern military governance capabilities.

Promote the development of military intelligence. In modern warfare, both sides try to take various means to obtain, analyze and use battlefield data. Data has become the basic support for the overall operation of the combat system based on the information system. Under the conditions of informatization and intelligence, the combat system operates based on data, combat decisions are generated based on data, and combat actions are guided by data. Having data advantages is the prerequisite for the system to win. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of general artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT and Sora and the huge effectiveness they have shown in the military field, related technologies need high-quality data to “feed”. Data quality often directly determines the “intelligence” of intelligent algorithm models, and even affects the level of military intelligence construction. Strengthening military data governance can efficiently discover and agilely associate related information, extract and integrate multi-domain knowledge, maintain the integrity, consistency, and freshness of information in the process of dynamic evolution, and provide highly credible, highly reliable, and high-value data supply for artificial intelligence training, ensuring that it is not “misled”, enhancing its reliability and explainability, and thereby improving the ability of artificial intelligence to serve complex battlefield situation perception and accurate analysis and decision-making.

Exploring the implementation path of military data governance

Data governance takes data as its object, and needs to sort out the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved in data circulation, forming a data circulation model of benign interaction, co-construction, sharing and co-governance among multiple participants, so as to maximize the release of value. To build a military data governance system, we need to start from the resource system, institutional system, technical system and other aspects.

Build a resource system. Military data business scenarios are diverse, state structures are multi-dimensional, and classification is complex. In order to make data “visible” and “well used”, data resource construction needs to start from the supply side, identify false information, efficiently discover and agilely associate related information, extract and integrate multi-domain knowledge, maintain data integrity in the dynamic evolution process, and form a high-quality data pool. According to different dimensions, a hierarchical and classified military data resource system can be constructed to form a data space with unified identification, multi-dimensional annotation, compliance and security, clear hierarchy, and reasonable structure. According to the requirements of data resource classification and classification, effectively control data usage rights, avoid confusion in data usage management, and realize data discoverability, accessibility, understandability, trustworthiness, and interoperability based on a unified data resource framework.

Improve the institutional system. In the economic and social fields, the data governance framework defines the consensus on the exercise of decision-making power and division of responsibilities for data-related matters, that is, who can take what actions based on what information, at what time and under what circumstances, using what methods. Military data governance needs to be combined with the characteristics of the military field, military activity processes and application scenarios, clarify the laws and regulations on the cross-domain flow of data between different management agencies, security jurisdictions, and physical networks, clarify the authority, responsibilities and collaboration models of different actors in providing and using data, establish rules and regulations covering activities such as data collection, integration and sharing, service application, and security management, promote data construction to be standardized, scientific, and institutionalized, collect, process and apply data in accordance with regulations, standards, authority, and scenarios, and ensure that all stakeholders work in a coordinated manner.

Upgrade the technical system. Facing future wars, it is necessary to build a more adaptable and efficient security technology system that is more adaptable to the release of data value, and to ensure the implementation and implementation of the governance system through technical means. Based on operational data foundations, metadata, data exchange and other standards and specifications, build technologies and tools such as data collection and access, organizational management, shared exchange, and secure operation and control to support the full life cycle management of data. Through technical means such as access control, content protection, operation authorization, traceability and evidence, and regulatory auditing, ensure that data sharing and application meet reasonable, legal, and compliant requirements. For example, based on the digital object system, realize “identity card-style” data management to ensure “one number and one source”; based on the distributed trust management system, realize secure data sharing and controllable traceability.

現代國語：

築牢制勝智慧化戰場的數據基礎

——淺析未來戰爭軍事數據治理

■白曉穎 李曉松

引言

軍事數據是推動軍隊建設品質變革、效率變革、動力變革的重要引擎。隨著技術發展，數據產生和利用的方式不斷嬗變，對軍事數據的概念、方法等都提出新的挑戰。打贏未來資訊化智慧化戰爭，需要建立新的軍事數據治理生態，著力加強數據整合和數據賦能，提升數據全生命週期管理能力、場景化分析和智慧化應用的支撐能力、安全可控的監管能力。

認清軍事數據治理的客觀必需

數據作為基礎性資源，正加速融入軍隊作戰運用、軍事訓練、戰略管理、裝備建設和後勤保障等各環節。軍事數據治理活動以數據品質為基礎，以釋放數據價值為目標，以數據安全為保障，在軍隊資訊化智慧化建設中越來越重要。

提升數據品質的客觀要求。無論是軍隊建設管理，還是軍事作戰指揮，都需要處理和分析來自不同渠道、不同時空、不同領域的大量類型多樣、標準不一、關聯復雜的數據。軍隊建設不同階段累積的大量數據往往存在體係不完整、內容不准確、更新不及時、多種來源數據未有效對齊等問題，容易導致決策依據不充分，甚至誤導決策。提高軍事數據的可用性、完整性、正確性、一致性、時效性等可信屬性，支援基於高品質數據的軍事建模和分析，才能為實現基於數據的科學決策提供支撐。

釋放數據價值的現實需求。傳統的軍隊資訊系統多用於支撐單一部門或單一業務需求，數據伴隨著業務系統創建、存儲，不同系統之間數據難以兼容和有效關聯，不同部門之間未建立基於數據流轉的業務協同流程。隨著系統不斷迭代，大量高價值的數據無法再利用，可能成為「一潭死水」；而業務發展又需要不同時期的大量歷史數據資源，重復建設勢必造成人力、財力和時間的大量浪費。數據治理透過建立數據標準、優化業務流程、完善管理機制，推動數據跨層級、跨領域、跨系統、跨部門、跨業務流通，不斷提升數據全面感知、深度認知的能力，最大限度地釋放數據價值。

確保數據安全的必要舉措。軍事數據的高敏感性決定了治理的高安全性要求。由於存在數據洩露、數據破壞、數據濫用等威脅，數據的所有者和用戶對共享數據往往存在各種顧忌，導致數據不可見、不可用、不敢用等諸多問題。資料安全治理貫穿資料產生、流轉、應用、演化、銷毀的全生命週期，滿足資料確權授權、共享流通、審計溯源等可信任要求，建構了安全保障的管理與技術體系。

正視軍事數據治理的作用價值

軍事數據治理能有效提升數據品質，保障數據安全，促進數據共享，為輔助軍隊建設管理決策、提升軍事研究創新效益發揮賦能作用。

賦能未來作戰運用。未來戰爭，作戰優勢高度依賴數據優勢。瞬息萬變的戰場環境，需要即時匯聚陸、海、空、天、電、網等作戰域的數據，從而獲得決策優勢。在開放、協同、動態、演化的數據生態系統中，高品質數據治理能有效保證數據全生命週期品質與安全。建構現代化的數據引接和共享架構，能夠橫向引接涵蓋聯合作戰各種力量數據，縱向匯聚覆蓋指揮控制、戰場環境、戰備情報等數據，形成支撐多域作戰的數據池，為多域作戰提供實時、多源數據保障。數據治理針對大量匯聚的原始數據，高效去粗取精、去偽存真，萃取高價值信息，使指揮員能夠在未來作戰中實時掌握精確、動態的戰場態勢，並以此為依據準確判斷敵情我情，科學決策部署，精確控製作戰行動，確保多域作戰活動的精確有效率。指揮員根據戰場態勢變化，依據不同類型授權，靈活柔性、快速動態獲取和調用滿足作戰應用的數據，為多域作戰提供更有力的數據支撐和更優質的服務供給。

支撐軍事治理現代化。智能化時代，透過軍事治理要素的數位化採集、標準化處理、網絡化連接，將物理世界高度數據化，以數字形態映射重塑物理世界，實現物理域、資訊域等全領域貫通。藉由資料治理，可以系統化建構跨軍地、跨領域、跨系統的一體化軍事治理資訊網絡平台，有效整合領導、協調、引導、互動等多種治理路徑，驅動碎片化管理向整體性治理轉變。軍事數據治理工作與軍隊戰略管理、裝備建設、訓練保障、軍事科研等業務工作的深度結合，可為規劃計劃、資源調配和管理評估等提供高質量數據，促進軍事治理體系的提質增效。透過數據治理，可以實現數據跨系統、跨部門的有效整合和深度融合，能有效突破傳統管理體系的時間、空間、領域限制，並提升現代軍事治理能力。

助推軍事智能化發展。現代戰爭，作戰雙方力圖採取各種手段獲取、分析和運用戰場數據，數據已成為基於資訊系統的作戰體系整體運行的基本支撐。在資訊化智慧化條件下作戰，作戰體系基於數據運行，作戰決策基於數據產生，作戰行動基於數據牽引，擁有數據優勢是體系聚優制勝的前提。特別是近年來隨著ChatGPT、Sora等通用人工智慧的迅猛發展以及在軍事領域展現出來的巨大效用，相關技術需要高品質的數據來「餵養」。數據品質往往直接決定了智慧演算法模型的「智慧」程度，甚至影響軍事智慧化建設的程度。加強軍事數據治理，可以高效發現、敏捷關聯相關信息，提取並融合多域知識，在動態演化的過程中保持信息的完整性、一致性、鮮活性，為人工智能訓練提供高可信、高可靠、高價值的數據供給，確保其不被“誤導”，增強其可靠性和可解釋性，進而提升人工智能服務復雜戰場態勢感知、精準研判決策的能力。

探索軍事數據治理的實現路徑

數據治理以數據為對象，需理順各方參與者在數據流通各環節的權責關系，形成多方參與者良性互動、共建共享共治的數據流通模式，最大限度地釋放價值。建構軍事資料治理體系，需從資源體系、制度體系、技術體係等方面著手。

構建資源體系。軍事數據業務場景多樣、狀態結構多維、密級分類復雜，為了數據“看得見”“用得好”，數據資源建設需從供給側出發，甄別虛假信息，高效發現、敏捷關聯相關信息，提取並融合多域知識，在動態演化過程中保持資料完整性，形成高品質資料池。可依據不同維度，建構分級分類的軍事資料資源體系，形成統一標識、多維標註、合規安全、層次分明、結構合理的資料空間。依照資料資源分級分類要求，有效控制資料使用權限，避免資料使用管理混亂，實現基於統一資料資源架構的資料可發現、可取得、可理解、可信賴和可互通。

完善製度體系。在經濟社會領域，數據治理框架定義了行使數據相關事務決策權和職責分工的共識，即誰能根據什麼信息，在什麼時間和情況下，用什麼方法，採取什麼行動。軍事數據治理需要結合軍事領域特點、軍事活動流程和應用場景，明確數據在不同的管理機構、安全管轄區域、物理網絡之間跨域流轉的法律法規，明確不同行為主體提供和使用數據的權限、職責與協作模式，建立覆蓋資料收集、整合共享、服務應用、安全管理等活動的規章制度，促進資料建設走向規範化、科學化、制度化，依規、依標、依權限、依場景，採集、處理和應用數據，確保各利益相關者工作協調一致。

升級技術體系。面向未來戰爭，需構築與數據價值釋放更適應、更有效率的安全技術體系，並通過技術手段確保治理制度貫徹執行、落實生效。基於可操作的資料基礎、元資料、資料交換等標準規範，建構資料擷取存取、組織管理、共享交換、安全運控等技術與工具，支援資料的全生命週期管理。透過存取控制、內容保護、操作授權、溯源循證、監管審計等技術手段，確保資料共享與應用滿足合理、合法、合規要求。例如，基於數字對象體系，實現數據「身份證式」管理，確保「一數一源」；基於分散式信任管理體系，實現數據安全共享和可控追溯。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/16339063.html