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How the People’s Republic of China, By the Middle of the 21st century, will Fully Develop the People’s Liberation Army Into a World-class Army…

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到21世紀中葉，中華人民共和國將如何把解放軍全面建設成為世界一流軍隊…

現代英語：

Beijing, July 2,　Title: Creating a new situation in reforming and strengthening the military – a summary of the achievements in national defense and military reform since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

　　On the great journey of the people’s army to reform and strengthen the army, we have ushered in another important moment that will go down in history——

　　On April 19, 2024, the founding meeting of the Information Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army was held grandly at the Bayi Building in Beijing. Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, awarded the military flag to the Information Support Force and delivered a speech. On behalf of the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, he extended warm congratulations to all officers and soldiers of the Information Support Force.

　　After the flag-presenting ceremony, Xi Jinping delivered a speech. He pointed out that the adjustment and formation of the information support force is a major decision made by the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission based on the overall situation of strengthening the military. It is a strategic measure to build a new structure of services and arms and improve the modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. It is also important for accelerating national defense and military affairs. Modernizing and effectively fulfilling the missions and tasks of the People’s Army in the new era is of great and far-reaching significance.

　　According to the decision of the Central Military Commission, the newly formed information support force will be directly commanded by the Central Military Commission. At the same time, the designation of the strategic support force will be revoked, and the leadership and management relationships of the military aerospace force and cyberspace force will be adjusted accordingly.

　　Reform is the requirement of the times to realize the Chinese Dream and the dream of building a strong military. It is the only way to strengthen and rejuvenate the military, and it is also a key move to determine the future of the military.

　　Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the People’s Army has adhered to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implemented Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military, and guided the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era, comprehensively implementing the strategy of reforming and strengthening the military. , deeply break through the institutional obstacles, structural contradictions, and policy issues that have long restricted national defense and military construction, deepen the reform of national defense and the military, and achieve historic achievements. The people’s army has a new system, a new structure, a new pattern, and a new look. Take firm steps on the road to building a strong military with Chinese characteristics.

　　Reform promotes a strong military, and a strong military supports a strong country. Standing at a new historical starting point, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the People’s Army has achieved overall revolutionary reshaping and is making strides to become a world-class force, providing strategic support for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　The commander-in-chief of strategic planning is at the helm and leads the way.

　　Reform is the distinctive feature of contemporary China and the distinctive character of the Communists.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and national defense and military building have also entered a new era. Faced with the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the world’s major changes unseen in a century, as well as the deep-seated contradictions and problems that have long restricted the construction of national defense and the military, President Xi assessed the situation, took charge of the overall situation, and decisively made strategic decisions to reform and strengthen the military.

　　A strong country must have a strong army, and a strong army must be reformed. “Once military backwardness occurs, the impact on national security will be fatal. I often read some historical materials in modern China, and it hurts my heart to see the tragic scenes of backwardness and beatings!” President Xi pointed out with strong historical concern. , National defense and military reform is an important part of comprehensive reform and an important symbol of comprehensively deepening reform. The military must keep up with the pace of the central government and resolutely promote various military reforms in the spirit of opening roads across mountains and building bridges across rivers. Everyone must have this kind of historical responsibility.

　　Only reformers advance, only innovators are strong. President Xi encouraged the entire army: “The new military revolution provides us with a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. We must seize the opportunity and work hard. We must not only catch up with the trend and the times, but also strive to be at the forefront of the times.”

　　After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, our army has carried out 13 relatively major reforms. The size and structure of the army have been continuously adjusted, and they have played an important role in different historical periods. At the same time, affected by various factors, deep-seated contradictions that restrict national defense and military construction still exist to varying degrees.

　　”The reform of national defense and the military has entered a critical period and a deep-water zone. Most of the problems that need to be solved are long-term accumulated institutional obstacles, structural contradictions, and policy issues. It is indeed not easy to advance.” President Xi warned the entire army, “Not reforming is a waste of time. You can’t fight and win the battle.”

　　The more you think deeply, the more earnestly you act.

　　In November 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was held. The Party Central Committee decided to include deepening the reform of national defense and the military into the overall plan of comprehensively deepening reforms, making it the will of the Party and the behavior of the state.

　　This is the first time in the history of the plenary session that national defense and military reform were included in the plenary session’s decision as a separate part.

　　Only four months later, another blockbuster news attracted widespread attention at home and abroad: President Xi decided to establish a Central Military Commission leading group for deepening national defense and military reform and served as the group leader. This is also the first time that the General Secretary of the Party personally serves as the leader of the Central Military Commission’s Leading Group for Deepening National Defense and Military Reform.

　　These two extraordinary “firsts” demonstrated the firm will and determination of the core of the Party, the commander-in-chief of the army, and the people’s leaders to deepen the reform of national defense and the army. They greatly inspired and gathered all the officers and soldiers to support the reform and support the reform. Reform and the majestic force devoted to reform have become the fundamental guarantee for promoting reform.

　　For a major country’s military, the question of what to change and how to change it involves issues of goals and layout, issues of stance and perspective, as well as issues of methods and paths. President Xi has put a lot of effort into the reform demonstration and design. He has chaired many meetings of the Central Military Commission’s Leading Group for Deepening National Defense and Military Reform, Central Military Commission Standing Meetings, and Central Political Bureau Standing Committee meetings. He has listened to the reform opinions and suggestions of relevant units in person on many occasions, and personally determined the reforms. Arrange major work, personally lead the research, demonstration and plan formulation work, personally organize research on major reform issues…

　　Reform always pursues problems and uses problems to force reform. At each stage of reform, each plan pointed out the method and path to solve practical problems, and the solutions to each practical problem eventually converged into specific reform measures.

　　Deepening the reform of national defense and the military is a comprehensive change that requires strengthening top-level planning and system design. At an important meeting of the military, President Xi emphasized the need to grasp the relevance and coupling of reform measures so that various reforms such as leadership and command systems, force structures, and policy systems can promote and complement each other to form an overall effect and achieve overall results.

　　Plan the layout of the article and make a sound decision.

　　Establish an expert advisory group of the Central Military Commission’s Leading Group for Deepening National Defense and Military Reform; establish an expert database for consultation and evaluation of military policy and system reform consisting of more than 200 military and civilian experts and leaders to give full play to the role of third-party independent evaluation; empower the Academy of Military Science and the National Defense University with relevant Research and demonstrate tasks and play its role as a think tank…

　　Gather the wisdom of the entire military and all sectors to form the “greatest common denominator” for reform. President Xi visited institutions, joined squads, went to plateaus and islands, boarded tanks and took warships to conduct in-depth investigations and studies. The whole army and all aspects actively offer suggestions and suggestions, from outside the military to inside the military, from agencies to troops, from generals to soldiers; field surveys in all directions, interviews at all levels, large-scale questionnaire surveys; situation reports one after another, and letters one after another. Opinions, online messages… many good ideas, suggestions, and ideas have entered the reform plan.

　　”Anything that can be done with concentrated effort will be invincible; anything that can be done with collective wisdom can be achieved.” Under the leadership and planning of President Xi, a set of reform designs that solve deep-seated contradictions, have major innovative breakthroughs, and have distinctive characteristics of the People’s Army Break out of the cocoon.

　　In July 2015, President Xi presided over the meeting of the Central Military Commission’s Leading Group for Deepening National Defense and Military Reform, the Central Military Commission Standing Meeting and the Central Political Bureau Standing Committee meeting, and reviewed and approved the overall plan for deepening national defense and military reform.

　　In the process of leading this round of reforms, President Xi Jinping has issued a series of directional, fundamental and overall important strategic thoughts on deepening the reform of national defense and the military, which have established the fundamental principles and action guidelines for reforming and strengthening the military.

　　From the overall layout of the party and the country to the mutual coupling of various military systems, from the overall plan, major field plans to special plans, and from the leadership and command system, the size, structure and strength of the army to the orderly advancement of the reform of military policies and systems, the new era The goal map, road map and construction drawings for the reform of the People’s Army were thus drawn up, and a historic change of rebirth from the ashes and new development was vigorously launched.

　　Overcoming Difficulties and Deeply Promoting Reform

　　A history of the development of the people’s army is a history of reform and innovation.

　　November 24, 2015, is a day destined to go down in the history of the People’s Army. The Central Military Commission Reform Work Conference was held grandly in Beijing. President Xi issued a mobilization order to deepen the reform of national defense and the military—to comprehensively implement the strategy of reforming and strengthening the military and unswervingly follow the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics.

　　When the commander-in-chief orders, the entire army obeys the order, unites to the center, exerts force for the battle, and overcomes difficulties.

　　The leadership and command system achieves historic changes——

　　The reform of the leadership and command system implements the general principles of the Central Military Commission, the main battle areas, and the military services, breaking the long-standing headquarters system, large military region system, and large army system, and building a leadership and management system of “Central Military Commission-Services-troops” and ” The combat command system of “Central Military Commission – Theater – Troops” has established a new “four beams and eight pillars” of the people’s army. The “Four Headquarters” have withdrawn from the historical stage, and 15 functional departments of the Central Military Commission have been adjusted and established. The paths of command, construction, management, and supervision have become clearer. Functional configurations such as decision-making, planning, execution, and evaluation have become more reasonable. The Central Military Commission has centralized and unified leadership and strategic planning, Strategic management functions have been effectively strengthened. The “Seven Military Regions” have completed their historical missions, reorganized and divided into five major theaters, improved the military commission and theater joint operations command structure, and established a strategic campaign command system that integrates peacetime and wartime operations, operates normally, specializes in main operations, and is capable and efficient. The leadership and management system of the services and arms has been further improved. The Armed Police Force is under the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission. The reserve forces are fully integrated into the military leadership and command system. Entering the “new system era”, the majority of officers and soldiers have both “changed their bodies” and “changed their minds”, liberating themselves from all outdated mindsets, inherent patterns, and path dependencies. The barriers to alliances have gradually been broken down, and the effectiveness of warfare has gradually become apparent.

　　In drill after drill, units of different services and arms that used to be relatively independent carried out joint exercises and training on a regular basis under the dispatch of the war zone; data and information that were difficult to share in the past are now efficiently transferred among the various services and arms in the war zone; reconnaissance is no longer ” “Each one fights”, the commander no longer “sings his own tune”, and the firepower no longer “fights his own thing”, each one is born through the tempering of the iron fist.

　　The size, structure and strength of the army have been profoundly reshaped——

　　This is new data that has never appeared in the history of the people’s army: the proportion of the army’s total personnel in the army has dropped to less than 50%; the number of active-duty personnel in non-combat agencies of the army has been reduced by nearly half, and the number of officers has decreased by 30%…

　　This is a new term that has never appeared in the history of the people’s army: synthetic brigade, air assault brigade, aircraft carrier formation, airborne force, information support force, joint logistics support force…

　　The dialectic of reduction and increase is not only slimming down, but also strengthening the body. It is an epoch-making reshaping of strength. The reform of scale structure and force organization promotes the development of the army in the direction of enrichment, synthesis, multi-functionality and flexibility.

　　On April 27, 2017, the Ministry of National Defense disclosed at a regular press conference that the designations of 18 army groups of the Army were cancelled, and the designations of the 13 adjusted armies were announced at the same time. In addition, the newly adjusted units also include many new combat forces.

　　After the adjustment, our army has become more capable in scale, more optimized in structure, and more scientific in its organization. It has fundamentally changed the long-term land warfare-type force structure, changed the homeland defense-type force deployment, and changed the heavy-force grouping and victory with quantity. New combat forces such as strategic early warning, open sea defense, long-range strike, strategic projection, and information support have been enriched and strengthened, and a joint combat force system with elite combat forces as the main body is taking shape.

　　The reform of military policy and system has been comprehensively advanced——

　　Recently, civilian personnel who have been recruited for the 2024 open recruitment for the entire army have been reporting to various units. In June 2018, the military openly recruited civilian personnel for the first time. Among the recruited personnel, groups with high academic qualifications and “secondary enlistment” groups were particularly eye-catching. This marks that the openness and competitiveness of our military’s talent introduction work have been greatly enhanced. Civilians are an integral part of the military personnel and play an increasingly important role.

　　Let the vitality of all combat effectiveness elements burst out, and let the sources of all military modernization fully flow. The establishment and improvement of the new civilian personnel system is a vivid epitome of the policy and system reform of the people’s army.

　　This reform has completely changed the previous piecemeal approach. Systematic planning, forward-looking design, innovative development, and overall reshaping have established and improved the socialist military policy system with Chinese characteristics, forming a military party building system, a policy system for the use of military power, and a military power building system. The “four major sections” are policy system and military management policy system.

　　President Xi presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, which successively reviewed and approved the “Regulations on Party Building of the Chinese Communist Party in the Military”, “Regulations on Military Political Work” and other backbone systems for party building in our military. The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress has successively reviewed and adopted the newly revised National Defense Law of the People’s Republic of China, the newly revised Military Service Law of the People’s Republic of China, and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of the Status and Rights and Interests of Military Personnel.

　　Establish a leading group for talent work of the Central Military Commission and establish a cadre evaluation committee of the Central Military Commission. The “Interim Regulations on the Management of Active Military Officers” and 11 supporting policies and systems were promulgated, and substantial progress was made in establishing a professional system for military officers with Chinese characteristics. The “Interim Regulations for Sergeants”, “Interim Regulations for Conscripts”, the newly revised “Regulations on Civilian Personnel of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army” and supporting regulations were promulgated.

　　Build a military honor system, hold honor and title ceremonies; optimize military benefits, issue military parent support subsidies, spouse honorary funds, and implement new medical security policies such as free medical care for military spouses and children… Each heart-warming event enhances the professional honor of officers and soldiers sense, making military personnel a profession respected by the whole society.

　　The reform of military policies and systems has matured one by one. Basic laws and regulations in more than 20 major fields have been introduced one after another. A large number of supporting policies and systems and major reform measures have been intensively introduced. The combat effectiveness of the military and the vitality of officers and soldiers have been further liberated, and the effectiveness of reforms has been continuously released.

　　Major reforms across the military and civilian areas are implemented in depth——

　　”Coordinate economic construction and national defense construction, and strive to achieve the unity of enriching the country and strengthening the military.” Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, President Xi has attached great importance to major cross-military and local reforms, and has made many deployments to promote the implementation of a series of measures.

　　Just after the Spring Festival in 2018, the Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China reviewed and approved the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Deepening the Reform of the Party and State Institutions” and the “Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Party and State Institutions”. Deepening cross-military and civilian reforms is an important part of it.

　　Combined with deepening the reform of party and state institutions, deepening the cross-military reform of the Armed Police Force, advancing the reform of the active public security force, establishing the Ministry of Veterans Affairs; implementing the reform of the air traffic control system, establishing the Central Air Traffic Management Commission; advancing the reform of the national defense mobilization system, and building a modern national defense Mobilizing the force system; Comprehensive suspension of paid military services, and the goal of the military not engaging in business activities has been basically achieved…

　　“With all our efforts, nothing can be done.” Central state agencies, local party committees, governments, and all sectors of society have introduced a series of policies and measures to support and serve reform, and the military and civilians have gathered a powerful force to promote reform.

　　In the late autumn of 2021, the “Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Centenary Struggle” passed by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China fully affirmed the historic achievements made in deepening the reform of national defense and the army, calling it “New China” The most extensive and profound reform of national defense and the military since its establishment.”

　　Reshaping and reshaping to become world-class

　　Reform and strengthening the military have brought a series of profound changes to the People’s Army. The People’s Army has accelerated its transformation in the “new system era”: the Army’s mobile combat and three-dimensional offensive and defensive capabilities have been significantly enhanced, and the Navy has accelerated its transformation from offshore defense to far-sea defense. , the Air Force is accelerating its transformation into integrated air and space, and both offensive and defensive capabilities, and the Rocket Force continues to strengthen its nuclear and conventional capabilities and its ability to deter war in all areas…

　　This is the new look of the People’s Army as a strong military after reform and reshaping——

　　In July 2023, at the Air Force Aviation Open Event Changchun Air Show, the J-20 performed maneuvering flight demonstrations in a four-aircraft formation for the first time. The screen was displayed for aerial refueling, and the J-10S and J-11BS were displayed for the first time in simulated air combat of special-shaped aircraft…

　　This event demonstrated the People’s Air Force’s ever-changing equipment development level, the quality and effectiveness of practical military training, and its strategic capabilities to defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

　　”The Yunyou-20 is no longer a single static display and a single flight display, but an all-round presentation of the system’s capabilities, displaying combat postures commonly used in our daily combat training.” Wang Yuling, pilot of the Yunyou-20, said, “The reform has strengthened the The military strategy has enabled the people’s army to achieve historic changes in its organizational structure and force system. It is precisely because of the reform that our army has been reshaped and accelerated to become a world-class force.”

　　On October 1, 2019, more than 200,000 soldiers and civilians celebrated the 70th anniversary of the Republic of China with a grand military parade and mass march.

　　This is the first National Day military parade as socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, and it is also the first overall appearance of the Republic’s armed forces after the reform and reshaping.

　　The leadership and command formation that made its debut is a formation with the most distinctive imprint of reforming and strengthening the army and joint combat command – the members are drawn from 15 departments of the Central Military Commission and various war zones, service and arms agencies, and armed police forces.

　　The leadership and command formation created two firsts: the first formation in the history of the People’s Army military parade to be drawn from the leadership and command organization, and the first formation with generals forming the first row.

　　For the first time, this military parade has set up joint support forces, academic scientific research, civilian personnel and other formations, demonstrating the results of the integral and revolutionary reshaping of the national defense and military organizational structure and force system, and demonstrating the new composition of the people’s army in the new era. , new look.

　　580 pieces (sets) of ground equipment formed 32 equipment formations, and more than 160 fighter planes of the army, navy and air force formed 12 air echelons… The equipment reviewed was all made in China, 40% of which were made for the first time, demonstrating the basics of the people’s army. Achieve mechanization and accelerate the momentum towards informatization.

　　This is the more capable and efficient command system displayed by the People’s Army after the reform and reshaping——

　　From May 23 to 24, 2024, the Eastern Theater Command of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army organized the theater’s army, navy, air force, rocket force and other forces to conduct the “Joint Sword-2024A” exercise around Taiwan Island.

　　The exercise focuses on subjects such as joint naval and air combat readiness patrols, joint seizure of comprehensive battlefield control, and joint precision targeting of key targets. Ships and aircraft conduct combat patrols near Taiwan Island, and integrate internal and external linkage within the island chain to test the actual joint combat capabilities of the theater forces.

　　This is also a strong punishment for the “Taiwan independence” separatist forces seeking “independence” and a serious warning against external forces interfering and provoking trouble.

　　Military experts believe that during the exercise, under the unified command of the Eastern Theater Command, the theater’s army, navy, air force, rocket force and other services jointly participated, demonstrating the collaborative capabilities and overall operations of the Chinese military in joint operations after reform and reshaping. strength.

　　More than 4 years ago, the COVID-19 epidemic broke out.

　　With an order, medical personnel from the Army, Navy, Air Force, Rocket Force, Joint Logistics Support Force, Armed Police Force and other medical units quickly gathered to assist Wuhan.

　　Aviation, railways, highways, three-dimensional delivery; manpower, materials, and information, efficient circulation; active military personnel, civilian personnel, and militia, close collaboration; joint command, joint formation, military-civilian joint…

　　”Getting into the state quickly, assembling troops quickly, and launching operations quickly, this is the real speed of war.” “Command and coordinate a picture, use strength as a game, and implement every move. This is the real war system.” Some military observers commented this way The performance of the Chinese military in the anti-epidemic operation in Wuhan. There was no preparation time, no battle rehearsal, and the decisive battle was the first battle. In this special battle, the People’s Army handed over an excellent answer sheet of “going to the front line on the day of receiving the order, controlling the situation in 3 weeks, and completing the task within 3 months.” This miraculous “speed” stems from the more efficient command system, leaner force scale, and more scientific structure after the reform and reshaping of the People’s Army.

　　”The People’s Army’s anti-epidemic response sheet condenses the reshaping of the People’s Army’s capabilities and the changes of the times, and demonstrates the new look and confidence of an army after reform and reshaping.” Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences Researcher Yin Hao believes that although the fight against the epidemic is a non-war military operation, it tests and reflects the actual combat capabilities of the people’s army after reform and reshaping.

　　Military experts believe that after the reform and adjustment, the entire army has further strengthened the concept of preparing for war and joint operations and joint training. Each theater has played the role of a hub for joint operations and joint training, and all services and arms units have closely aligned with the joint operations capability needs of the theater, and trained with the capabilities of the services and arms. Support system joint training to continuously improve the victory contribution rate.

　　This is the new training style explored by the people’s army after reform and reshaping——

　　From September 11 to 25, 2021, the “Peace Mission-2021” SCO joint anti-terrorism military exercise was held at the Donguz shooting range in Orenburg Oblast, Russia.

　　In this joint exercise, the command structure of the Chinese participating troops is mainly composed of the Chinese directing department and the Chinese anti-terrorism cluster command headquarters in the northern theater. The task force is mainly composed of a synthetic battalion of a brigade in the northern theater and is equipped with relevant support detachments.

　　Under the new system and new organization, the combined battalion of Chinese participating troops includes infantry, armor, artillery, reconnaissance, communications, engineering and other forces. It integrates multiple arms and realizes the strength structure, personnel organization, equipment deployment, The reshaping and leapfrogging of element grouping can be combined with a variety of combat forces and modularized, giving full play to its advantages of miniaturization, multi-functionality, and leanness, so that each combat unit and element can maximize the system’s combat capabilities.

　　During a live-fire exercise on September 23, reporters saw the modular and multi-functional combat organization advantages of the combined battalion in a new combat command vehicle, boldly practicing multi-source perception of combat command, high integration of combat elements, and combat space orientation. The multi-dimensional expansion of the new combat style maximizes the role of the combined battalion’s “forward reach”.

　　On July 23, 2023, with the successful conclusion of the “Anchorage Defense” drill of the ship formation, the “Northern Joint-2023” exercise completed various scheduled drill courses.

　　The exercise focused on the theme of “Maintaining the Security of Strategic Maritime Channels”. The naval and air forces of China and Russia jointly planned, jointly commanded, and jointly operated. It effectively tested the actual combat capabilities in far seas and remote areas, and made achievements in the joint exercise organization form and force integration model. An innovative breakthrough.

　　On May 17, 2024, the China-Mongolia “Grassland Partner-2024” joint army training was the first all-element and full-process live-fire training, which was held at a training ground in East Gobi Province, Mongolia.

　　The participating troops from China and Mongolia jointly carried out joint training on the topic of dealing with the activities of illegal armed groups in accordance with the basic tactics of “attacking key points from all depths, concentric assaults from multiple directions, and clearing and encircling and annihilating in different areas”.

　　…

　　New systems, new forces, new equipment, new tactics… the people’s army has taken on a new look from the inside out, and is more confident in deterring the enemy with its sword.

　　There is no end to reform. The people’s army that marches forward courageously on the road to reform and strengthen the army will surely continue to win new victories in the modernization of national defense and the army——

　　In 2027, the centenary goal of the founding of the army will be achieved;

　　By 2035, the modernization of national defense and the army will be basically realized;

　　By the middle of the 21st century, the people’s army will be fully developed into a world-class army…

現代國語：

在人民軍隊改革強軍的偉大旅程上，又迎來一個載入史冊的重要時刻——

2024年4月19日，中國人民解放軍資訊支援部隊成立大會在北京八一大樓隆重舉行。中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習近平向資訊支援部隊授予軍旗並致訓詞，代表黨中央和中央軍委向資訊支援部隊全體官兵致以熱烈祝賀。

授旗儀式後，習近平致訓詞。他指出，調整組建資訊支援部隊，是黨中央和中央軍委從強軍事業全局出發作出的重大決策，是構建新型軍兵種結構佈局、完善中國特色現代軍事力量體系的戰略舉措，對加快國防和軍隊現代化、有效履行新時代人民軍隊使命任務具有重大而深遠的意義。

根據中央軍委決定，新組建的資訊支援部隊由中央軍委直接領導指揮，同時撤銷戰略支援部隊番號，相應調整軍事航天部隊、網絡空間部隊領導管理關系。

改革，是實現中國夢、強軍夢的時代要求，是強軍興軍的必經之路，也是決定軍隊未來的關鍵一招。

黨的十八屆三中全會以來，人民軍隊堅持以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，深入貫徹習近平強軍思想，以黨在新時代的強軍目標為引領，全面實施改革強軍戰略，深入破解長期制約國防和軍隊建設的體制性障礙、結構性矛盾、政策性問題，深化國防和軍隊改革取得歷史性成就，人民軍隊體制一新、結構一新、格局一新、面貌一新，在中國特色強軍之路上邁出堅定步伐。

改革推動強軍，強軍支撐強國。站在新的歷史起點上，在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，實現整體性革命性重塑的人民軍隊，正闊步邁向世界一流，為實現中華民族偉大復興提供戰略支撐。

戰略擘畫 統帥掌舵領航

改革，當代中國的鮮明特色，共產黨人的鮮明品格。

黨的十八大以來，中國特色社會主義進入新時代，國防和軍隊建設也進入了新時代。面對中華民族偉大復興戰略全局和世界百年未有之大變局，面對長期制約國防和軍隊建設的深層次矛盾和問題，習主席審時度勢、總攬全局，果斷作出改革強軍的戰略決策。

強國必強軍，強軍必改革。 「軍事上的落後一旦形成，對國家安全的影響將是致命的。我經常看中國近代的一些史料，一看到落後挨打的悲慘場景就痛徹肺腑！」習主席以強烈的歷史憂患深刻指出，國防和軍隊改革是全面改革的重要組成部分，也是全面深化改革的重要標志。軍隊要跟上中央步伐，以逢山開路、遇河架橋的精神，堅決推進軍隊各項改革。大家一定要有這樣的歷史擔當。

惟改革者進，惟創新者強。習主席激勵全軍：“新軍事革命為我們提供了千載難逢的機遇，我們要抓住機遇、奮發有為，不僅要趕上潮流、趕上時代，還要力爭走在時代前列。”

新中國成立後，我軍先後進行了13次比較大的改革，部隊規模、體制編制不斷調整，在不同歷史時期都發揮了重要作用。同時，受各種因素影響，制約國防和軍隊建設的深層矛盾問題還不同程度存在。

「國防和軍隊改革進入了攻堅期和深水區，要解決的大都是長期積累的體制性障礙、結構性矛盾、政策性問題，推進起來確實不容易。」習主席告誡全軍，「不改革是打不了仗、打不了勝仗的。

思之彌深，行之愈篤。

2013年11月，黨的十八屆三中全會召開。黨中央決定將深化國防和軍隊改革納入全面深化改革的總盤子，上升為黨的意志和國家行為。

國防和軍隊改革作為單獨一部分寫進全會決定，這在全會歷史上是第一次。

僅4個月後，又一條重磅消息引起國內外廣泛關注：習主席決策成立中央軍委深化國防和軍隊改革領導小組，並擔任組長。黨的總書記親自擔任中央軍委深化國防和軍隊改革領導小組組長，這也是第一次。

這兩個非同尋常的“第一次”，昭示了黨的核心、軍隊統帥、人民領袖對深化國防和軍隊改革的堅定意志、堅強決心，極大激發和凝聚了全軍官兵擁護改革、支持改革、投身改革的磅礡力量，成為推動改革的根本保証。

對於一支大國軍隊來說，改什麼、怎麼改，有目標、佈局問題，有立場、觀點問題，也有方法、路徑問題。習主席為改革論証設計傾注大量心血，多次主持召開中央軍委深化國防和軍隊改革領導小組會議、中央軍委常務會議、中央政治局常委會會議，多次當面聽取有關單位改革意見建議，親自確定改革重大工作安排，親自領導調研論証和方案擬制工作，親自組織研究改革重大問題…

改革始終奔著問題去，以問題倒逼改革。在改革的各個階段，每一個方案都指明了破解現實問題的方法路徑，每一個現實問題的解決思路最終匯聚成一條條具體的改革措施。

深化國防和軍隊改革是一場整體性變革，要加強頂層謀劃、體系設計。在軍隊一次重要會議上，習主席強調，要掌握改革舉措的關聯性和耦合性，使領導指揮體制、力量結構、政策制度等各項改革相互促進、相得益彰，形成總體效應、取得總體效果。

謀篇佈局，落子有聲。

設立中央軍委深化國防和軍隊改革領導小組專家諮詢組﹔建立由軍地200多名專家和領導組成的軍事政策制度改革諮詢評估專家庫，充分發揮第三方獨立評估作用﹔賦予軍事科學院和國防大學相關研究論証任務，發揮其智囊作用…

匯聚全軍與各方面智慧，形成改革「最大公約數」。習主席到機關、進班排，上高原、赴海島，登戰車、乘軍艦，深入調查研究。全軍及各方面踴躍獻策、積極建言，軍外到軍內、機關到部隊、將軍到士兵﹔各方向實地調研、各層面座談訪談、大範圍問卷調查﹔一份份情況報告、一封封來信意見、一條條網留言……許多好點子、好建議、好點子進入了改革方案。

「積力之所舉，則無不勝也﹔眾智之所為，則無不成也。」在習主席領導運籌下，一整套解決深層次矛盾問題、有重大創新突破、人民軍隊特色鮮明的改革設計破繭而出。

2015年7月，習主席先後主持召開中央軍委深化國防和軍隊改革領導小組會議、中央軍委常務會議和中央政治局常委會會議，審議通過深化國防和軍隊改革總體方案。

在領導推動這輪改革的歷程中，習主席關於深化國防和軍隊改革一系列方向性、根本性、全局性的重要戰略思想，立起改革強軍的根本遵循和行動指南。

從黨和國家整體佈局到軍隊各系統相互耦合，從總體方案、重大領域方案到專項方案層層深入，從領導指揮體制、軍隊規模結構和力量編成到軍事政策制度改革有序推進，新時代人民軍隊改革的目標圖、路線圖和施工圖就此繪就，一場浴火重生、開新圖強的歷史性變革蓬勃展開。

攻堅克難 深入推進改革

一部人民軍隊的發展史，就是一部改革創新史。

2015年11月24日，一個注定載入人民軍隊史冊的日子。中央軍委會改革工作會議在北京隆重召開，習主席發出深化國防和軍隊改革的動員令——全面實施改革強軍戰略，堅定不移走中國特色強軍之路。

統帥號令所指，全軍聞令景從，向心凝聚、向戰發力、向難攻堅。

領導指揮體制實現歷史性變革——

領導指揮體制改革貫徹軍委管總、戰區主戰、軍種主建總原則，打破長期實行的總部體制、大軍區體制、大陸軍體制，構建起「中央軍委－軍種－部隊」的領導管理體系、「中央軍委－戰區－部隊」的作戰指揮體系，立起人民軍隊新的「四樑八柱」。 「四總部」退出歷史舞台，調整組建軍委機關15個職能部門，指揮、建設、管理、監督等路徑更加清晰，決策、規劃、執行、評估等職能配置更加合理，軍委集中統一領導和戰略謀劃、戰略管理職能有效強化。 「七大軍區」完成歷史使命，重新調整劃設五大戰區，健全軍委、戰區聯合作戰指揮機構，構建起平戰一體、常態運行、專司主營、精幹高效的戰略戰役指揮體系。軍兵種領導管理體制進一步健全。武警部隊由黨中央、中央軍委集中統一領導。預備役部隊全面納入軍隊領導指揮體系。步入“新體制時間”，廣大官兵既“轉身子”又“換腦子”，從一切不合時宜的思維定勢、固有模式、路徑依賴中解放出來，聯的壁壘漸次打破，戰的效能逐步凸顯。

一次次演訓中，過去相對獨立的不同軍兵種部隊，在戰區的調度下常態化開展聯演聯訓﹔過去難以共享的數據信息，如今在戰區諸軍兵種部隊間高效流轉﹔偵察不再“各自為戰”，指揮不再“各唱各調”，火力不再“各打各的”，一個個聯合鐵拳淬火而生。

軍隊規模結構與力量編成深刻重塑——

這是人民軍隊歷史上不曾出現過的新數據：陸軍佔全軍總員額比例下降到50%以下﹔全軍非戰鬥機構現役員額壓減近一半，軍官數量減少30%…

這是人民軍隊歷史上不曾出現過的新名詞：合成旅、空中突擊旅、航空母艦編隊、空降兵軍、資訊支援部隊、聯勤保障部隊…

減與增的辯証法，既是瘦身，更是強體，是一次劃時代的力量重塑。規模結構與力量編成改革，推動部隊朝向充實、合成、多能、靈活方向發展。

2017年4月27日，國防部例行記者會披露，陸軍18個集團軍番號撤銷，調整組建後的13個集團軍番號同時公佈。此外，新調整組建的單位中，還包括諸多新型作戰力量。

調整之後，我軍規模更加精幹，結構更加優化，編成更加科學，從根本上改變了長期以來陸戰型的力量結構，改變了國土防禦型的兵力布勢，改變了重兵集團、以量取勝的製勝模式，戰略預警、遠海防衛、遠程打擊、戰略投送、資訊支援等新型作戰力量得到充實加強，以精銳作戰力量為主體的聯合作戰力量體係正在形成。

軍事政策制度改革全面推進——

近日，2024年全軍面向社會公開招聘已錄用文職人員陸續到各部隊報到。 2018年6月，全軍首次面向社會公開招募文職人員，錄取人員中，高學歷群體、「二次入伍」群體等格外引人注目。這標志我軍人才引進工作的開放性、競爭力大為增強。文職人員是軍隊人員的組成部分，發揮越來越重要的作用。

讓一切戰鬥力要素的活力競相迸發，讓一切軍隊現代化建設的源泉充分湧流。新型文職人員制度的建立與完善，是人民軍隊政策制度改革的生動縮影。

這次改革徹底改變以往零敲碎打的做法，系統謀劃、前瞻設計、創新發展、整體重塑，建立健全中國特色社會主義軍事政策制度體系，形成軍隊黨的建設制度、軍事力量運用政策制度、軍事力量建設政策制度、軍事管理政策制度「四大板塊」。

習主席主持召開中央政治局會議，相繼審議通過《中國共產黨軍隊黨的建設條例》《軍隊政治工作條例》等我軍黨的建設主幹制度。全國人民代表大會常務委員會陸續審議通過新修訂的《中華人民共和國國防法》、新修訂的《中華人民共和國兵役法》《中華人民共和國軍人地位和權益保障法》等軍事法律。

成立中央軍委人才工作領導小組，成立中央軍委幹部考評委員會。推出《現役軍官管理暫行條例》及11項配套政策制度，建立中國特色軍官職業化製度取得實質進展。頒布《軍士暫行條例》《義務兵暫行條例》、新修訂的《中國人民解放軍文職人員條例》以及配套法規。

建構軍人榮譽體系，舉辦授勛授稱儀式﹔優化軍人待遇，發放軍人父母贍養補助、配偶榮譽金，實行軍人配偶子女免費醫療等新的醫療保障政策…一件件暖心事，增強官兵職業榮譽感，讓軍人成為全社會尊崇的職業。

軍事政策制度改革成熟一項推進一項，20餘個重大領域基本法規相繼推出，一大批配套政策制度和重大改革舉措密集出台，軍隊戰鬥力和官兵活力進一步解放，改革效能持續釋放。

跨軍地重大改革深入實施——

「統籌經濟建設和國防建設，努力實現富國和強軍的統一。」黨的十八大以來，習主席對跨軍地重大改革高度重視，多次作出部署，推動一系列舉措落地。

2018年春節剛過，黨的十九屆三中全會審議通過《中共中央關於深化黨和國家機構改革的決定》和《深化黨和國家機構改革方案》，深化跨軍地改革是其中重要內容。

結合深化黨和國家機構改革，深化武警部隊跨軍地改革，推進公安現役部隊改革，組建退役軍人事務部﹔實施空管體制改革，成立中央空中交通管理委員會﹔推進國防動員體制改革，打造現代國防動員力量體系﹔全面停止軍隊有償服務，軍隊不從事經營活動的目標基本實現…

「眾力並，則萬鈞不足舉也。」中央國家機關和各地黨委政府、社會各界紛紛出台一系列支持改革、服務改革的政策舉措，軍地匯聚起推進改革的強大合力。

2021年深秋，黨的十九屆六中全會通過的《中共中央關於黨的百年奮鬥重大成就和歷史經驗的決議》，充分肯定深化國防和軍隊改革取得的歷史性成就，稱之為“新中國成立以來最為廣泛、最深刻的國防和軍隊改革」。

重整重塑 邁向世界一流

改革強軍為人民軍隊帶來一系列深刻變化，人民軍隊在「新體制時間」加速破繭蝶變：陸軍機動作戰、立體攻防能力顯著增強，海軍加快推進由近海防禦型向遠海防衛型轉變，空軍加速向空天一體、攻防兼備轉型，火箭軍不斷強化核常兼備、全域懾戰能力…

這是改革重塑後，人民軍隊展現的強軍新貌—

2023年7月，在空軍航空開放活動·長春航空展上，殲-20首次以四機編隊進行機動飛行展示，運油-20首次與殲-20、殲-16以「五機同框」的畫面進行空中加油通場展示，殲-10S、殲-11BS首次進行異型機模擬空戰展示…

此次活動展現了人民空軍日新月異的裝備發展水準、實戰化軍事訓練質效和捍衛國家主權、安全、發展利益的戰略能力。

「運油-20不再是單一的靜態展示和單機飛行展示，而是全方位呈現體系能力，展示的是我們日常戰訓中常用的戰鬥姿態。」運油-20 飛行員王宇凌說，「改革強軍戰略，使人民軍隊實現了組織形態和力量體系的歷史性變革。

2019年10月1日，20萬名軍民以盛大閱兵儀式和群眾遊行歡慶共和國70華誕。

這是中國特色社會主義進入新時代的首次國慶閱兵，也是共和國武裝力量改革重塑後的首次整體亮相。

首次亮相的領導指揮方隊，是一個改革強軍、聯合作戰指揮印記最鮮明的方隊－隊員從軍委機關15個部門和各戰區、軍兵種機關、武警部隊抽組而成。

領導指揮方隊創造了兩個第一：人民軍隊閱兵史上第一個從領導指揮機構抽組的方隊，第一個由將軍組成第一排面的方隊。

這次閱兵首次設置了聯勤保障部隊、院校科研、文職人員等方隊，展現了國防和軍隊組織架構和力量體系的整體性、革命性重塑成果，展示著新時代人民軍隊的新構成、新風貌。

580台（套）地面裝備組成32個裝備方隊，陸、海、空軍航空兵160餘架戰機組成12個空中梯隊……受閱裝備全部為中國製造，40%為首次亮相，展示出人民軍隊基本實現機械化、加速邁向資訊化的如虹氣勢。

這是改革重塑後，人民軍隊展現的更精幹高效的指揮體制——

2024年5月23日至24日，中國人民解放軍東部戰區組織戰區陸軍、海軍、空軍、火箭軍等兵力，位台島週邊開展「聯合利劍－2024A」演習。

演習重點演練聯合海空戰備警巡、聯合奪取戰場綜合控制權、聯合精打要害目標等科目，艦機抵近台島週邊戰巡，島鏈內外一體聯動，檢驗戰區部隊聯合作戰實戰能力。

這也是對「台獨」分裂勢力謀「獨」行徑的有力懲戒，對外部勢力干涉挑舋的嚴重警告。

軍事專家認為，演習中，在東部戰區的統一指揮下，戰區陸軍、海軍、空軍、火箭軍等多個軍兵種共同參與，展示了改革重塑後中國軍隊在聯合作戰中的協同能力和整體作戰實力。

4年多前，新冠疫情暴發。

一聲令下，來自陸軍、海軍、空軍、火箭軍、聯勤保障部隊、武警部隊等多個醫療單位的醫務人員迅速集結，馳援武漢。

航空、鐵路、公路，立體投送﹔人力、物資、信息，高效流轉﹔現役軍人、文職人員、民兵，密切協作﹔聯合指揮、聯合編組、軍地聯合…

「進入狀態快、部隊集結快、行動展開快，這是真正的戰爭速度。」「指揮統籌一張圖、力量運用一盤棋、貫徹執行一竿子，這是真正的打仗體制。」有軍事觀察者這樣評價中國軍隊在武漢抗疫行動中的表現。沒有備戰時間、沒有臨戰預演、初戰即決戰，人民軍隊在這場特殊戰役中，交出了一份「接令當天開赴前線、3個星期控制局面、3個月內完成任務」的優異答卷。這種奇蹟般的“快”，源於人民軍隊改革重塑後更加高效的指揮體制、更加精幹的力量規模、更加科學的結構編成。

「人民軍隊的抗疫答卷，濃縮著人民軍隊的能力重塑和時代之變，彰顯了一支軍隊在改革重塑後的全新面貌和勝戰底氣。」中國科學院院士、軍事科學院系統工程研究院研究員尹浩認為，雖然抗擊疫情是一次非戰爭軍事行動，但檢驗並體現了人民軍隊改革重塑後的實戰能力。

軍事專家認為，改革調整後，全軍上下備戰打仗、聯戰聯訓的觀念進一步強化，各戰區發揮聯戰聯訓樞紐作用，各軍兵種部隊緊密對接戰區聯合作戰能力需求，以軍兵種能力訓練支撐體系聯合訓練，不斷提升勝戰貢獻率。

這是改革重塑後，人民軍隊探索的新型演訓樣式—

2021年9月11日至25日，「和平使命-2021」上合組織聯合反恐軍演，在俄羅斯奧倫堡州東古茲靶場舉行。

此次聯演，中方參演部隊指揮機構以北部戰區為主編成中方導演部和中方反恐集群指揮部，任務部隊以北部戰區某旅合成營為主、配屬相關保障分隊編成。

新體制新編制下的中方參演部隊合成營，既有步兵、裝甲兵、砲兵，又有偵察、通信、工兵等力量，集多兵種於一體，實現了力量結構、人員編成、裝備編配、要素編組的重塑與跨越，可與多種作戰力量對接組合、模塊化編組，充分發揮其小型化、多能化、精幹化等優勢，讓各作戰單元和要素發揮最大體係作戰能力。

9月23日實兵實彈演習中，記者在某新型作戰指揮車內看到合成營模塊化、多能化的作戰編成優勢，大膽實踐作戰指揮多源感知、作戰要素高度融合、作戰空間向多維拓展的新型作戰樣式，最大限度發揮合成營「前伸觸角」的作用。

2023年7月23日，隨著艦艇編隊「錨地防禦」演練順利結束，「北部·聯合-2023」演習完成了各項預定演練課目。

演習圍繞著「維護海上戰略通道安全」這個主題，中俄雙方海空兵力聯合籌劃、聯合指揮、聯合作戰，有效錘煉檢驗了遠海遠域實戰能力，在聯演組織形式、兵力融合模式等方面取得了創新突破。

2024年5月17日，中蒙「草原夥伴-2024」陸軍聯合訓練首次全要素、全過程實兵實彈合練，在蒙古國東戈壁省某訓練場舉行。

中蒙雙方參訓部隊依照「全縱深精打要害、多方向向心突擊、分區域清剿圍殲」的基本戰法，共同展開以應對非法武裝團體活動為課題的聯合訓練。

…

新的體系、新的力量、新的裝備、新的戰法……人民軍隊由內而外煥然一新，亮劍懾敵的底氣更加充盈。

改革未有窮期。在改革強軍之路上奮勇向前的人民軍隊必將不斷奪取國防和軍隊現代化新勝利——

2027年，實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標﹔

2035年，基本實現國防與軍隊現代化﹔

21世紀中葉，把人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊…

中國共產黨資源：https://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2024/0702/c1001-40269268.html

Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cyberspace Adminstration of China 中央網絡安全和信息勇, Intelligent Warfare, National Defense and Military Modernization, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍隊, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用

Guided by Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening China’s Military, People’s Liberation Army Strives to Create New Realm of War Research

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以習近平強軍思想為指導，解放軍努力開創戰爭研究新境界

軍事科學學院戰爭研究所

2017-11-02 10:48 資料來源：解放軍報

現代英語：

● If soldiers do not plan for war, the country will be in danger; if the army does not study war, chaos will occur. Always preparing for war, firmly establishing combat effectiveness as the only fundamental standard, and focusing on studying military affairs, studying war, and studying how to fight are necessary to achieve the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era and building a world-class military in an all-round way.

● Creating a new realm of war research is a concrete manifestation of the military’s main responsibility and mission. The accelerated evolution of war forms and the severe challenges to international and regional security urgently require the military to carry out practical research on war topics and lay a solid foundation for victory.

● The key to creating a new realm of war research is to seek breakthroughs in war research innovation. This requires focusing on system design, adhering to problem orientation, keeping a close eye on combat opponents, focusing on independent innovation, and striving to solve the theoretical confusion and practical problems faced by future wars.

● To create a new realm in war research, we must find the right foothold, grasp the direction, focus on the major needs of strengthening the military and winning wars, and innovate in the face of actual combat, battlefields, and troops.

The 19th CPC National Congress clearly emphasized the establishment of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military as a guide in national defense and military construction. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military provides a fundamental guideline and action guide for achieving the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era and building a world-class military in an all-round way. Entering the new era, we must take the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics, build a modern combat system with Chinese characteristics, and undertake the mission and tasks of the new era entrusted by the Party and the people. We must take Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military as a guide and strive to create a new realm of war research.

Facing realistic challenges and strengthening the core functions of research and development to win the war

Creating a new realm of war research is a concrete manifestation of the military’s main responsibility and mission. The accelerated evolution of war forms and the severe challenges to international and regional security urgently require the military to carry out practical research on war topics and lay a solid foundation for victory.

A realistic issue for responding to security challenges. The world is undergoing new, complex and profound changes. The international security situation is generally stable, but hegemonism and power politics still exist. Strategic competition and rights and interests among major powers are becoming increasingly fierce. There are many risk variables in the geopolitical security environment. Hotspots such as international counter-terrorism, arms race, nuclear proliferation, territorial disputes, and ideological confrontation are complex and changeable, and uncertainty, linkage, and comprehensiveness are prominent. With the rapid rise of China, Western powers are stepping up their efforts to contain and divide China, and some neighboring countries are deliberately provoking land and sea disputes. Overseas security risks are concentrated, and security threats in new areas are constantly emerging. Various predictable and unpredictable security crises and war risks are increasing. Maintaining national unity, territorial integrity, development interests, and political and social security faces new challenges. To respond to security challenges, we must control the security situation in real time, accurately assess war risks, and thoroughly understand potential opponents, so as to provide reliable and advanced preparations for responding to crises and winning wars.

Adapt to the urgent call for the in-depth development of the new military revolution. At present, the impact of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution on the world military revolution continues to expand, the arms competition in the Asia-Pacific region has intensified, and the competition for strategic initiative has become more intense. Major countries in the world are actively adjusting their national security strategies and military strategies, reshaping their military power systems, and seizing strategic commanding heights. Intelligent warfare is accelerating from theoretical foresight to actual combat forms. The strong trend of the development of the new military revolution requires us to pay close attention to new trends in war, explore new concepts in war, study new methods of war, and develop new means to maintain peace and win wars. Only in this way can we stand at the forefront of the new world military revolution and always maintain strategic capabilities that are compatible with the status of a major power.

The inherent requirement for realizing the modernization of military theory. A first-class army must have a first-class war theory. In recent years, the U.S. military has successively proposed “network-centric warfare”, “air-sea integrated warfare”, “third offset strategy” and “hybrid warfare”, and the Russian military has proposed “non-nuclear containment strategy”, “strategic air-space battle”, “national information security doctrine” and “ocean doctrine” and other theories, reflecting the strategic design of the world’s military powers to seize the military commanding heights. To realize the modernization of military theory, our army must establish a sense of transcendence and leadership in war research. However, the reality is that the current war research still has problems of being out of touch with the troops, the opponents, and the battlefield to varying degrees; in addition, our army has not fought for decades, and has little or no deep understanding of the form and style of informationized warfare, and the problem of “two insufficient capabilities” is still prominent. Standing at a new historical starting point for national defense and military construction, facing the profound changes in the national security environment and the requirements of the times for a strong country and a strong army, the army must establish a sense of urgency in researching and winning wars.

Grasp the key points and solve the theoretical confusion and practical problems faced by future wars

The key to creating a new realm of war research is to seek breakthroughs in war research innovation. This requires focusing on system design, adhering to problem orientation, keeping a close eye on combat opponents, focusing on independent innovation, and striving to solve the theoretical confusion and practical problems faced by future wars.

Analyze the trend of war in the unprecedented great changes. Understanding and grasping the motivations, types and timing of future wars is the primary issue in war research. To do this, we need to see through the chaotic world, track the trends of hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism, keep a close eye on the complex situation of regional conflicts and surrounding hot issues, pay attention to hidden dangers such as national security, new field security, and nuclear security, be vigilant against various forces seeking change and profit in chaos, and the struggle for the redistribution of power and interests among major powers, conduct in-depth research on factors that target my country or may drag my country into local wars and armed conflicts, study the possible military frictions, armed conflicts and even strategic accidents under the conditions of the new era, and the wars of different scales caused by them, and be prepared for military struggles in response to various complex situations.

Study the use of war under the goal of national rejuvenation. A deep understanding and grasp of the relationship between war and national development goals is a political requirement for war research. War has always been a continuation of politics and a means to achieve national political goals. To achieve the goal of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, war research must grasp the master-slave relationship between politics and the military and study the impact and constraints of politics on war. The impact and constraints of politics on war should be taken as an important topic. Under the goal of achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we should not only study the tactics and means of winning wars, but also study the countermeasures and strategies for shaping the situation, managing crises, and containing wars. On major issues such as whether to fight or not, when to fight, how to fight, and to what extent, we should come up with strategic planning that meets political requirements to ensure that there are no strategic mistakes in war decisions and the use of means, and give full play to the bottom line of military means to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

Grasp the laws of war in the general trend of war evolution. Understanding the characteristics, laws and winning mechanisms of modern war is the cognitive foundation of war research. Entering the new era, war research is required to keep up with the historical process of the rapid advancement of war forms towards systematization and intelligence, coordinate military struggles in traditional security fields and new security fields, and push the research of war laws to a new level. In-depth research on new changes in the general winning mechanism of war, in view of the new characteristics of modern war such as the integration of multi-dimensional battlefield space, the continuous appreciation of time elements, the implementation of precision operations with elite forces, and the increasingly flattened combat command, explore the methods and paths that reflect the requirements of information dominance, precision attack, joint victory, and system combat, and make new breakthroughs in planning wars according to reason and fighting in accordance with regulations. In-depth research on new manifestations of special winning mechanisms for fulfilling missions and tasks, combine the general winning mechanisms of war with the special conditions for our army to fulfill its missions and tasks, explore special winning mechanisms around different wars and combat objectives, and find the right countermeasures and strategies for planning and winning wars.

Deepen war guidance under the premise of independent operations. Studying methods and approaches to win wars is a key task of war research. The highest realm of the art of war guidance is that you fight yours and I fight mine. We must strive to innovate military strategic theory, study the needs of strategic goals for military strategic capabilities, improve military strategy in major security areas, theater strategy, service and armed police force development strategy, and explore new ideas and measures to ensure the security of national interests; strive to innovate joint operations theory, study operational concepts, operational guidance and operational methods, innovate operational command and operational support, and explore the formation of “using what can be done to defeat what cannot be done” in the context of integrated joint operations. Strategies and countermeasures, build a joint operations theory system that adapts to information warfare. On this basis, we must also strive to innovate operational needs, wartime political work and logistics equipment support theories, explore countermeasures in tracking, and boldly “learn from the strengths of foreign countries” in comparison.

Expand the means of warfare at the commanding heights of the science and technology game. Transforming the most advanced science and technology of mankind into means of warfare is the eternal task of war research. Science and technology are the primary productive forces and the core combat power. Modern warfare has actually become a strategic game of military science and technology. This requires us to attach great importance to the study of the war effectiveness of new technologies, lead the development of military technology with advanced concepts, and maintain the contemporary vitality and scientific and technological determination of war theory; attach great importance to the extension of war theory research to equipment realization, so that war concepts, combat concepts, combat guidance and combat methods can be transformed into equipment requirements, and maintain the leading edge of the combat system; attach great importance to the impact of new equipment on war forms and combat methods, and comprehensively deepen the research on the use of new combat means and combat forces; attach great importance to the study of combat styles based on the latest scientific and technological means, and explore the guidance and tactics of various combat forms and styles; attach great importance to combat experiments based on modern simulation and effectiveness test technologies, explore innovative paths to support theoretical concepts with scientific experiments, and provide strong scientific and technological support for innovative theories.

Adhere to three aspects and create a new situation in war research

To create a new realm in war research, we must find the right foothold, grasp the direction, focus on the major needs of strengthening the military and winning wars, and innovate in actual combat, on the battlefield, and in the troops.

Make the first move in war design. War design occupies a core position in war research and plays a global and long-term leading role in all aspects of national defense and military construction. In the grand chess game of world military competition, in order to seek the initiative in future wars, we must foresee wars as early as possible, design wars scientifically, focus on achieving the transformation from following and running side by side to leading, and strive to become the visionary and game rule maker of future wars. We must grasp the future cutting-edge trends of scientific and technological innovation, find the fulcrum for leveraging the scientific and technological revolution, gain insight into the key areas, key directions, and key technologies that can trigger changes in the form of war, and grasp the source of science and technology and the direction of development of war; vigorously strengthen the development of core war concepts, and formulate systematic operational concepts in layers and directions for possible war actions, and use systematic war design results to guide military struggle preparation and equipment construction; integrate war design into combat readiness training, verify and improve war design in training practice, and form a virtuous cycle of mutual promotion between war design and troop practice. Modern war design must not only design today’s war, but also tomorrow’s war. In particular, we must prevent using today’s opponents or today’s theories to design tomorrow’s war. We must consider not only the situation in which the war proceeds smoothly, but also the possible crises, deadlocks, and endgames, to ensure the scientific guidance and leadership of war design.

Take the path of integrating theory and technology. Science and technology are the most active and revolutionary factors in military development. The organic combination, mutual promotion and collaborative innovation of military theory and military science and technology have become the only way to break through the difficulties of traditional war research and improve the quality and efficiency of war research. It is necessary to change the mindset and organizational model of the binary separation and dual-track operation of theoretical research and scientific and technological research, combine theoretical guidance with scientific and technological guidance, theoretical conception with technical realization, judge the changes in war based on the changes in science and technology, and use technical principles to explore the winning mechanism; guided by the major needs of strengthening military practice, rationally cross-configure the organizational elements of theory and scientific and technological research, jointly allocate and coordinate the use of theoretical and scientific and technological research forces, strive to create a first-class innovation team integrating theoretical masters and technical experts, and form a new structure and layout of war research that integrates theory and technology; explore new methods of war research that fully integrate theory and technology, build a joint combat experimental environment, scientifically design major innovation projects integrating theory and technology, and test and improve war theories and operational concepts through the combination of man and machine, man and equipment, and virtual and real, improve the scientificity and practicality of war research results, and comprehensively improve the overall level of war research.

Improve the new mechanism of war research. Actively explore the characteristics and laws of war research in the new era, summarize new experiences in war research, and innovate new mechanisms for war research. Improve the collaborative innovation mechanism of small core and large periphery to form an overall synergy for war research. Improve the leading mechanism of planning and planning, take demand as the driving force, problem as the orientation, and integration as the path, refine and improve the roadmap construction drawings for the development of war research in various fields and directions; scientifically allocate the investment direction and volume of scientific research resources, and form a war research planning system that takes into account both the near and far, connects the top and the bottom, and connects the left and the right. Improve the mechanism for combining war research with combat training, take war research as an important part of training, increase the proportion of research training, and make troop training an organic part of war research. Improve the mechanism for rapid transformation and promotion of theoretical exploration and regulations, so that the results of war theory research can be quickly transformed into combat regulations, and open up the innovation link of rapid transformation and mutual promotion from theory to practice. Improve the talent management and incentive mechanism, combine the new reality of war research, adjust and improve the mechanisms for talent introduction, selection, evaluation, incentives, and guarantees, stimulate and mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the majority of scientific researchers, and maximize the release of innovative vitality.

原始國語中文：

●軍人不謀戰，國必有危難；軍隊不研戰，當事必生亂。時刻準備打仗，牢固樹立戰鬥力這個唯一的根本的標準，集中精力研究軍事、研究戰爭、研究打仗，是實現黨在新時代的強軍目標、全面建成世界一流軍隊題中應有之義。

●開創戰爭研究新境界，是軍隊主責主業的具體展現。戰爭形態加速演變和國際區域安全的嚴峻挑戰，迫切要求軍隊做實研戰課題，夯實勝戰根基。

●開創戰爭研究新境界，關鍵在於在戰爭研究創新上求突破。這要求著重體系設計，堅持問題導向，緊盯作戰對手，聚力自主創新，致力於破解未來戰爭面臨的理論困惑和實踐難題。

●開創戰爭研究新境界，必須找準立足點，把握方向標，緊盯強軍勝戰的重大需求，面向實戰、面向戰場、面向部隊開拓創新。

黨的十九大明確強調確立習近平強軍思想在國防和軍事建設中的指導地位。習近平強軍思想為實現黨在新時代的強軍目標、全面建成世界一流軍隊提供了根本遵循和行動指南。進入新時代，要實現中國特色的強軍之路，建構中國特色現代作戰體系，擔當起黨和人民賦予的新時代使命任務，必須以習近平強軍思想為指導，奮力開創戰爭研究的新境界。

正視現實挑戰，強化研發戰的核心功能

開創戰爭研究新境界，是軍隊主責主業的具體展現。戰爭形態加速演變和國際區域安全的嚴峻挑戰，迫切要求軍隊做實研戰課題，夯實勝戰根基。

應對安全挑戰的現實課題。當今世界正在發生新的複雜深刻變化，國際安全情勢整體穩定，但霸權主義和強權政治依然存在，大國戰略競爭和權益博弈日趨激烈，地緣安全環境風險變數較多，國際反恐、軍備競賽、核武擴散、領土爭奪、思潮交鋒等熱點複雜多變，不確定性、連動性、綜合性凸顯。隨著中國快速崛起，西方大國加緊對我遏制圍堵和分化西化，個別週邊國家蓄意挑起陸海爭端，海外安全風險集中顯現，新型領域安全威脅不斷顯現，各種可以預料和難以預料的安全危機、戰爭風險增多，維護國家統一、領土完整、發展利益和政治社會安全面臨新挑戰。要應對安全挑戰，就必須即時掌控安全情勢，準確研判戰爭風險，搞透潛在對手，為應對危機和打贏戰爭提供可靠的超前準備。

適應新軍事革命深入發展的迫切呼喚。目前，新一輪科技革命和產業革命對世界軍事革命的影響持續擴大，亞太地區軍備競爭態勢增強，圍繞戰略主動權爭奪更加激烈。世界主要國家積極調整國家安全戰略和軍事戰略，重塑軍事力量體系，搶佔戰略制高點，智慧化戰爭正由理論預見向實戰形態加速演進。新軍事革命發展的強勁趨勢，要求我們密切關注戰爭新趨勢、探討戰爭新觀念、研究戰爭新方法、發展維護和平、打贏戰爭的新手段。唯此，才能站上世界新軍事革命潮頭，始終保持與大國地位相符的戰略能力。

實現軍事理論現代化的內在要求。一流的軍隊必須有一流的戰爭理論。近年來，美軍先後提出“網絡中心戰”“空海一體戰”“第三次抵消戰略”“混合戰爭”，俄軍提出“非核遏制戰略”“戰略性空天戰役”“國家信息安全學說”“海洋學說」等理論，反映了世界軍事強國搶佔軍事制高點的戰略設計。我軍要實現軍事理論現代化，必須在戰爭研究上確立超越意識和引領意識。但現實是，當前戰爭研究還不同程度存在與部隊脫節、與對手脫節、與戰場脫節問題；加上我軍幾十年沒有打過仗，對資訊化戰爭形態和作戰樣式認知不多不深，「兩個能力不夠」問題依然突出。站在國防和軍隊建立新的歷史起點上，面對國家安全環境的深刻變化，面對強國強軍的時代要求，軍隊必須確立起研戰勝戰的迫切意識。

掌握重點關鍵，破解未來戰爭面臨的理論困惑與實踐難題

開創戰爭研究新境界，關鍵在於戰爭研究創新上求突破。這要求著重體系設計，堅持問題導向，緊盯作戰對手，聚力自主創新，致力於破解未來戰爭面臨的理論困惑和實踐難題。

在前所未有的大變局中透析戰爭走勢。認識並掌握未來戰爭的動因、類型和時機，是戰爭研究的首要問題。做到這一點，需要透過亂象紛呈的世界，追蹤霸權主義、強權政治和新干涉主義動向，緊盯地區衝突和周邊熱點問題的複雜形勢，關注國土安全、新型領域安全、核安全等隱患，警惕各種力量亂中求變、亂中謀利及大國權力和利益再分配的鬥爭，深入研究針對我國或可能把我國拖入局部戰爭和武裝衝突的因素，研究新時代條件下可能發生的軍事摩擦、武裝衝突甚至戰略意外，以及由此引發的不同規模的戰爭，做好應對各種複雜情況的軍事鬥爭準備。

在民族復興的大目標下研究戰爭運用。深刻認識並掌握戰爭與國家發展目標的關係，是戰爭研究的政治要求。戰爭從來都是政治的延續，是實現國家政治目標的手段。實現全面建成社會主義現代化強國的奮鬥目標，要求戰爭研究必須掌握政治與軍事的主從關係，研究政治對戰爭的影響與限制。要把政治對戰爭的影響和限製作為重要課題，在實現中華民族偉大復興大目標下，既要研究打贏戰爭的戰法手段，又要研究塑造態勢、管控危機、遏制戰爭的對策方略，在打與不打、何時打、怎麼打、打到什麼程度等重大問題上，拿出符合政治要求的戰略籌劃，確保戰爭決策和手段運用不出現戰略性失誤，充分發揮好軍事手段保障國家主權、安全、發展利益的保底作用。

在戰爭演變的大趨勢中掌握戰爭規律。搞透現代戰爭特徵規律和致勝機理，是戰爭研究的認識根基。進入新時代，要求戰爭研究緊跟戰爭形態向體系化、智慧化快速邁進的歷史進程，統籌傳統安全領域和新型安全領域軍事鬥爭，把戰爭規律的研究推向新境界。深入研究戰爭一般制勝機理的新變化，針對現代戰爭多維戰場空間融為一體、時間要素不斷升值、以精銳力量實施精確作戰、作戰指揮日趨扁平化等新特點，探討體現信息主導、精打要害、聯合製勝、體係作戰要求的方法路徑，在依理謀戰、遵規施戰上取得新突破。深入研究履行使命任務特殊制勝機理的新表現，把戰爭一般制勝機理與我軍履行使命任務的特殊條件結合起來，圍繞不同的戰爭和作戰目標，探索特殊制勝機理，找準謀戰勝戰的對策方略。

在自主作戰的大前提下深化戰爭指導。研究打贏戰爭的方法途徑，是戰爭研究的關鍵任務。戰爭指導藝術的最高境界是你打你的、我打我的。要致力於創新軍事戰略理論，研究戰略目標對軍事戰略能力的需求，完善重大安全領域軍事戰略、戰區戰略、軍種和武警部隊發展戰略，探索保證國家利益安全的新思路新舉措；致力於創新聯合作戰理論，研究作戰概念、作戰指導和作戰方法，創新作戰指揮和作戰保障，面向一體化聯合作戰背景下各戰略方向、作戰樣式、作戰行動以及聯合應急行動，探索形成「以能擊不能」的戰法對策，建構適應資訊化戰爭的聯合作戰理論體系。在這個基礎上，還要致力創新作戰需求、戰時政治工作和後勤裝備保障理論，在追蹤中探討應對之策，在比較中大膽「師夷長技」。

在科技博弈的製高點上拓展戰爭手段。把人類最先進的科學技術轉化為戰爭手段，是戰爭研究的永恆任務。科學技術是第一生產力，也是核心戰鬥力。現代戰爭，實際上已成為軍事科技魔道相爭的戰略博弈。這要求我們高度重視研究新科技的戰爭效用，以先進概念引領軍事科技發展，維持戰爭理論的時代活力與科技定力；高度重視戰爭理論研究向裝備實現延伸，使戰爭概念、作戰構想、作戰指導和作戰方法轉化為裝備需求，維持作戰體系的領先優勢；高度重視新裝備對戰爭形態和作戰方法的影響，全面深化新型作戰手段和作戰力量的運用研究；高度重視基於最新科技手段的作戰樣式研究，探討各種作戰形式樣式的指導與戰法；高度重視基於現代模擬與效能試驗技術的作戰實驗，探討以科學實驗支持理論構想的創新路徑，為創新理論提供有力的科技支撐。

堅持三個面向，開創戰爭研究的嶄新局面

開創戰爭研究新境界，必須找準立足點，把握方向標，緊盯強軍勝戰的重大需求，面向實戰、面向戰場、面向部隊開拓創新。

下好戰爭設計的先手棋。戰爭設計在戰爭研究中居於核心地位，對國防和軍隊建設各方面工作具有全局性長遠引領作用。在世界軍事競爭的大棋局中，要尋求未來戰爭的主動地位，必須儘早預見戰爭、科學設計戰爭，著眼實現從跟進、並跑到領跑的轉變，努力成為未來戰爭的洞見者和遊戲規則的制定者。要掌握未來科技創新前沿趨向，找準撬動科技革命的支點，洞察能夠引發戰爭形態變革的關鍵領域、關​​鍵方向、關鍵技術，把握戰爭發展的科技之源和發展方向；大力加強戰爭核心概念開發，針對可能的戰爭行動，分層次、分方向研究制定體系化的作戰構想，用體系化的戰爭設計成果牽引軍事鬥爭準備和裝備建設；把戰爭設計融入戰備訓練，在訓練實踐中驗證和完善戰爭設計，形成戰爭設計與部隊實踐相互促進的良性循環。現代戰爭設計，既要設計好今天的戰爭，更要設計好明天的戰爭，特別要防止用今天的對手、今天的理論設計明天的戰爭；既要考慮戰爭進程順利的局面，更要考慮可能出現的危險局、僵局、殘局，確保戰爭設計的科學指導與領導作用。

走開理技融合的大路徑。科學技術是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。軍事理論與軍事科技有機結合、相互促進、協同創新，已成為突破傳統戰爭研究困境、提升戰爭研究品質效益的必經之路。要改變理論研究和科技研究二元分立、雙軌運行的思維定式和組織模式，把理論引領與科技引領、理論構想與技術實現結合起來，基於科技之變研判戰爭之變，運用技術原理探索制勝機理；以強軍實踐重大需求為牽引，合理交叉配置理論和科技研究組織要素，聯合編配、統籌使用理論和科技研究力量，努力打造理論大家與技術專家融合的一流創新團隊，形成理技合一的戰爭研究新結構新佈局；探索理論與技術全面融合的戰爭研究新方法，建好聯合作戰實驗環境，科學設計重大理技融合創新工程，透過人機結合、人裝結合、虛實結合，檢驗完善戰爭理論與作戰構想，提升戰爭研究成果的科學性實用性，全面提升戰爭研究的整體水準。

完善戰爭研究的新機制。積極探索新時代戰爭研究的特徵規律，總結戰爭研究的新經驗，創新戰爭研究的新機制。完善小核心、大外圍的協同創新機制，形成戰爭研究的整體合力。完善規劃計畫主導機制，以需求為牽引、以問題為導向、以融合為路徑，細化完善戰爭研究各領域、各方向發展的路線圖施工圖；科學配置科研資源投向投量，形成遠近兼顧、上下貫通、左右銜接的戰爭研究規劃計畫體系。完善戰爭研究與作戰訓練結合機制，把戰爭研究當作訓練的重要環節，加大研究性訓練比重，使部隊訓練成為戰爭研究的有機組成部分。完善理論探索與條令法規快速轉化與促進機制，使戰爭理論研究成果迅速轉化為作戰條令法規，打通從理論到實踐快速轉化、相互促進的創新鏈路。改善人才管理與激勵機制，結合新的戰爭研究實際，調整完善人才引進、選拔、評估、激勵、保障等機制，激發及調動廣大科研人員的積極性主動性創造性，最大限度釋放創新活力。

中國共產黨原文參考：http://cpc.people.com.cn/n1/2017/1102/c415067-29623228.html

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Chinese Intelligent Warfare is Accelerating and Advancing

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中國智能化戰爭正在加速推進

中國軍網 國防部網. 2022年3月17日 星期四

現代英語：

With the widespread application of artificial intelligence in the military field, intelligent warfare has gradually become a hot topic. History has repeatedly proved that the evolution of war forms will lead to profound changes in the winning mechanism. In today’s era when information warfare is developing in depth and intelligent warfare is beginning to emerge, the armies of major countries in the world have made great efforts to promote military intelligence, and many of these trends are worthy of attention.

Strengthen top-level design

Outlining a “roadmap” for intelligent warfare

Driven by a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution, intelligent military transformation is developing in depth. The United States, Russia, Japan and other countries have regarded artificial intelligence as a disruptive technology that “changes the rules of the war game” and have made early arrangements, strengthened top-level design and planning guidance, and explored the direction of military application of artificial intelligence.

The U.S. military has detailed the current status and development plan of artificial intelligence in documents such as “Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence”, “National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan”, “Artificial Intelligence and National Security”, “Integrated Roadmap for Unmanned Systems, Fiscal Year 2017-2042”, and “American Artificial Intelligence Initiative: First Annual Report”, and has elevated the development of artificial intelligence to the national strategic level. In 2021, the U.S. military pointed out in its “U.S. Department of Defense Artificial Intelligence Posture: Assessment and Improvement Recommendations” that the U.S. military should consider three guiding questions in developing artificial intelligence: what is the current state of artificial intelligence related to the U.S. military; what is the current situation of the U.S. military in artificial intelligence; and what internal actions and potential legislative or regulatory actions may enhance the U.S. military’s artificial intelligence advantage.

Russia has invested a lot of resources to maintain a balance with the United States in the competition for the application of artificial intelligence in the military field. In 2021, Russian President Vladimir Putin stated at the first Defense Ministry meeting of the year that artificial intelligence will greatly promote changes in the military field, and the Russian Federation Armed Forces must accelerate the research and development of artificial intelligence application technologies such as robots, intelligent individual systems, and intelligent weapon modules, so as to form core technical capabilities and battlefield competitive advantages as soon as possible. Documents such as “Special Outline for the Research and Development of Future Military Robot Technology and Equipment before 2025”, “Future Russian Military Robot Application Concept”, and “The Development Status and Application Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in the Military Field” have established a series of mechanisms at the national level for the Russian military to promote the military application of artificial intelligence.

The Japanese government has also issued an “Artificial Intelligence Strategy” to lead the research and development of artificial intelligence technology and industrial development. In the “Robotics and Artificial Intelligence” strategic plan formulated by the United Kingdom, the application of artificial intelligence in battlefield construction is emphasized. In January 2021, the Australian Department of Defense released “Fighting the Artificial Intelligence War: Operational Concepts for Future Intelligent Warfare”, which explores how to apply artificial intelligence to land, sea and air combat.

Innovative combat concepts

Promoting the “Thinking First” Approach to Intelligent Warfare

The innovation of operational concepts has an ideological driving effect on the development of military science and technology and the evolution of war forms. In the past, people’s understanding and grasp of war mainly came from the summary of practical experience, and operational concepts were empirical concepts. In the future era of intelligent warfare, operational concepts are not only empirical concepts, but also the conception, design and foresight of operations.

The U.S. Army has proposed the concept of “multi-domain warfare”, which requires deep integration and close coordination of combat capabilities in various domains such as land, sea, air, space, electromagnetic, and network. To this end, the U.S. Army has successively issued white papers such as “Multi-Domain Warfare: The Development of Synthetic Arms in the 21st Century (2025-2040)”, “U.S. Army Multi-Domain Warfare (2028)”, and “Using Robotics and Autonomous Technologies to Support Multi-Domain Warfare”. In March 2021, the U.S. Department of the Army issued the document “Army Multi-Domain Transformation: Preparing to Win in Competition and Conflict”, indicating that “multi-domain warfare” has become a “flag” leading the transformation and development of the U.S. Army. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency proposed the concept of “mosaic warfare”, which aims to create a highly decentralized and highly adaptable “kill net” composed of different combat functional units, based on advanced computer technology and network technology. The U.S. Department of Defense strongly supports the concept of “joint all-domain operations”. In March 2020, the U.S. Air Force took the lead in writing “joint all-domain operations” into the doctrine to explore how the Air Force can play a role in “joint all-domain operations”.

The Russian military proposed the concept of “charge disintegration”. “Disintegration” is one of the most important operational concepts in Russia at present. The Russian electronic warfare forces set the goal of making the enemy’s information, charge, electronic warfare and robot systems ineffective, and believe that this goal will “determine the fate of all military operations”. Disrupting the command and control of enemy forces and weapon systems and reducing the efficiency of enemy reconnaissance and use of weapons are the primary tasks of electronic warfare. At present, the Russian military is considering forming 12 types of electronic warfare forces. The Russian military also proposed the concept of “non-nuclear containment system”, the core of which is to use non-nuclear offensive strategic weapons to contain opponents. The non-nuclear offensive strategic weapons it defines include all ballistic missiles equipped with non-nuclear warheads, as well as strategic bombers and long-range air-based and sea-based cruise missiles. In addition, the Russian military also proposed the concept of “hybrid warfare”, hoping to use artificial intelligence systems to seek battlefield information advantages.

The British Ministry of Defense has proposed the concept of “multi-domain integration” and will develop a new command and control system with intelligent capabilities to achieve comprehensive, persistent, accurate and rapid battlefield perception and force coordination.

Focus on technology research and development

Shaping the Intelligent Warfare Operational Model

The key to the effectiveness of artificial intelligence is the combination with other technologies, which is also described as the “AI stack”. Various technologies interact to produce a combined effect, thereby enhancing the capabilities and effects of each technology. In the intelligent warfare supported by artificial intelligence technology, the collaborative combat mode of “man-machine integration, cloud brain control”, the cluster combat mode of “mixed formation, group intelligence”, and the cognitive combat mode of “intelligence-led, attacking with intelligence first” will constantly update people’s understanding of war.

Focus on the research and development of innovative projects. The US military is vigorously promoting the application of artificial intelligence chips in existing weapons and equipment systems, adding “intelligent brains” to weapons to enable them to have human-like thinking and autonomous interaction capabilities. In October 2021, the US Navy launched the “Beyond Plan”, which is regarded as the “current highest priority”. It aims to accelerate the delivery of artificial intelligence and machine learning tools by building a military Internet of Things for maritime operations, integrating manned and unmanned joint formations, supporting a new intelligent naval architecture, enhancing large-scale firepower killing, and realizing intelligent distributed operations of the navy. In addition, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has also carried out cognitive electronic warfare projects such as “Adaptive Electronic Warfare Behavior Learning”, “Adaptive Radar Countermeasures”, and “Communications under Extreme Radio Frequency Spectrum Conditions”, and developed a prototype of a cognitive radar electronic warfare system. The Russian Ministry of Defense’s Intelligent Technology and Equipment Research and Experimental Center cooperated with the Institute of Control Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences to develop and test autonomous intelligent algorithms including drone swarm command and control, and also jointly developed an object automatic recognition software system based on neural network principles with the National Aviation System Research Institute.

Establish innovative R&D institutions. The continuous emergence of new technologies is an inexhaustible driving force for the vigorous development of military intelligence. High-level military intelligence construction cannot be separated from the technical research and development of professional institutions. Some countries and militaries have established R&D centers, focusing on innovative development from a technical level. The U.S. Department of Defense has established a joint artificial intelligence center, which is planned to be built into a national key laboratory to lead the promotion of hundreds of artificial intelligence-related projects and ensure the efficient use of artificial intelligence-related data and information to maintain the United States’ technological advantage in this field. Russia has established an artificial intelligence and big data alliance, a national artificial intelligence center, and a robotics technology research and experimental center under the Ministry of Defense, mainly conducting theoretical and applied research in the fields of artificial intelligence and information technology. France has established an innovative defense laboratory, the United Kingdom has set up an artificial intelligence laboratory, and India has established an artificial intelligence task force to explore related technologies.

Strengthen equipment research and development and deployment. In recent years, many countries have attached great importance to the research and development of intelligent weapons and equipment, and unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned combat vehicles, unmanned ships, unmanned submarines, etc. have continued to emerge. At present, the US Air Force has begun to practice the combat concept of “man-machine collaboration, man in the loop” on the F-35 fighter. The US XQ-58A “Valkyrie” stealth drone previously mainly carried out man-machine collaborative operations with F-35 and F-22 fighters. In April 2021, the stealth drone successfully launched the ALTIUS-600 small drone system, further enhancing its manned and unmanned collaborative combat capabilities. Russia is focusing on reconnaissance and surveillance, command and decision-making, firepower strikes, combat support and other fields, and is developing and deploying intelligent equipment. It plans to increase the proportion of unmanned combat systems in weapons and equipment to more than 30% by 2025. Russia’s ground unmanned combat weapons, represented by the “Uranus” series and “Platform-M” and “Argo” models, are developing rapidly. Among them, the Nerekhta unmanned combat vehicle can be equipped with remote-controlled machine guns and rocket launchers. In addition to the combat capabilities of ordinary armored vehicles, it also has transportation and reconnaissance functions. In addition, the Japanese Self-Defense Forces plan to officially deploy an unmanned aerial formation with strong combat capabilities in 2035.

(Author’s unit: National University of Defense Technology)

國語中文：

■賈珍珍 丁 寧 陳方舟

隨著人工智慧在軍事領域的廣泛應用，智慧化戰爭逐漸成為備受矚目的焦點話題。歷史多次證明，戰爭形態的演進將引發致勝機理的深刻改變。在資訊化戰爭向縱深發展、智慧化戰爭初露端倪的當今時代，世界主要國家軍隊紛紛下大力推動軍事智慧化，其中的諸多動向值得關注。

加強頂層設計

勾勒智能化戰爭“路線圖”

在新一輪科技革命與產業革命推動下，智慧化軍事變革正向縱深發展。美國、俄羅斯、日本等國紛紛把人工智慧視為「改變戰爭遊戲規則」的顛覆性技術，並事先佈局，加強頂層設計和規劃引領，探索人工智慧的軍事應用方向。

美軍在《為人工智慧的未來做好準備》《國家人工智慧研究與發展戰略計畫》《人工智慧與國家安全》《2017至2042財年無人係統綜合路線圖》《美國人工智慧計畫》：在首個年度報告》等文件中，詳述了人工智慧的發展現狀和發展規劃，並將人工智慧發展提升至國家戰略層面。 2021年，美軍在發布的《美國防部人工智慧態勢：評估與改進建議》中指出，美軍發展人工智慧應考慮三個指導性問題：與美軍相關的人工智慧現處於何種狀態；美軍目前在人工智慧方面的態勢如何；哪些內部行動以及潛在的立法或監管行動可能會增強美軍的人工智慧優勢。

俄羅斯投入大量資源，以維持與美國在人工智慧軍事領域應用競爭的平衡。 2021年，俄總統普丁在年度首場國防部會議上表示，人工智慧將大幅推動軍事領域變革，俄國聯邦武裝力量要加速機器人、智慧單兵系統和武器智慧化模組等人工智慧應用技術的研發工作，早日形成核心技術能力和戰場競爭優勢。 《2025年前未來軍用機器人技術裝備研發專題綱要》《未來俄軍用機器人應用構想》《人工智慧在軍事領域的發展現狀以及應用前景》等文件，從國家層面為俄軍推動人工智慧軍事應用確立了一系列機制。

日本政府也推出了《人工智慧戰略》，旨在引領人工智慧技術研發和產業發展。在英國制定的《機器人與人工智慧》戰略規劃中，強調了人工智慧在戰場建設中的應用。 2021年1月，澳洲國防部發布《打好人工智慧戰爭：未來智慧化戰爭之作戰構想》，這份文件探討如何將人工智慧應用到陸、海、空作戰領域。

創新作戰概念

推動智慧化戰爭“思想先行”

作戰概念創新對軍事科技發展、戰爭形態演變具有思想牽引作用。過去人們對戰爭的認識與掌握，主要源自於對實踐經驗的歸納總結，作戰概念即經驗概念。未來智慧化戰爭時代，作戰概念不僅是經驗概念，更是對作戰的構想、設計與前瞻。

美陸軍提出「多域戰」概念，要求陸、海、空、天、電磁、網路等各域作戰能力深度整合與密切協同。為此，美陸軍先後發布《多域戰：21世紀合成兵種的發展（2025至2040）》《美國陸軍多域戰（2028）》《運用機器人與自主技術支援多域戰》等白皮書。 2021年3月，美陸軍部發布文件《陸軍多域轉型：準備在競爭和衝突中取勝》，顯示「多域戰」已成為引領美陸軍轉型發展的一面「旗幟」。美國防高級研究計畫局提出「馬賽克戰」概念，旨在打造一種由不同作戰功能單元構成的、以先進電腦技術與網路技術為基礎的、高度分散、具有高度適應性的「殺傷網」。美國防部大力支持「聯合全域作戰」概念。 2020年3月，美空軍率先將「聯合全域作戰」寫入條令，探討空軍如何在「聯合全域作戰」中發揮作用。

俄軍提出「指控瓦解」概念。 「瓦解」是當前俄羅斯最重要的作戰概念之一，俄軍電子戰部隊把使敵人的訊息、指控、電子戰和機器人系統失效作為目標，認為這一目標將「決定所有軍事行動的命運」。擾亂敵方部隊和武器系統的指揮和控制，降低敵方偵察和使用武器的效率，是進行電子戰的首要任務。目前，俄軍正在考慮組建12種類型的電子戰部隊。俄軍也提出「非核武遏制體系」概念，核心是使用非核武進攻性戰略武器來遏制對手。其所定義的非核武攻擊性戰略武器既包括所有裝備非核彈頭的彈道飛彈，也包括戰略轟炸機和遠程空基、海基巡航飛彈。此外，俄軍也提出「混合戰爭」概念，希望利用人工智慧系統謀求戰場資訊優勢。

英國防部提出「多域融合」概念，將發展具備智慧化能力的新型指控系統，以實現全面、持久、準確、快速的戰場感知與力量協同。

注重技術研發

塑造智慧化戰爭作戰模式

人工智慧發揮效用的關鍵是與其他多種技術的組合，這種組合也被描述為「人工智慧堆疊」。各種技術透過互動的方式產生組合效應，進而提升每項技術所產生的能力與效果。在人工智慧技術支援的智慧化戰爭中，「人機一體、雲腦控制」的協同作戰模式，「混搭編組、群體智慧」的集群作戰模式，「智慧主導、攻智為上」的認知作戰模式等，將不斷更新人們對戰爭的認知。

聚焦創新專案研發。美軍正在大力推廣人工智慧晶片在現有武器裝備系統中的應用，為武器加上“智慧大腦”，使之具備類人思考和自主互動能力。 2021年10月，美海軍推出被視為“當前最高優先事項”的“超越計劃”，旨在通過構建海上作戰軍事物聯網，整合有人無人聯合編隊，加速交付人工智能和機器學習工具，支撐全新的智慧化海軍架構，提升大規模火力殺傷、實現海軍智慧化分散式作戰。此外，美國防高級研究計畫局也進行了「自適應電子戰行為學習」「自適應雷達對抗」「極端射頻頻譜條件下的通訊」等認知電子戰項目，研發出認知雷達電子戰系統原型機。俄國防部智慧技術裝備科研試驗中心與俄聯邦科學院控制問題研究所合作，開發測試了包括無人機群指揮控制在內的自主智慧演算法，也與國家航空系統科研所共同開發基於神經網路原理的物體自動辨識軟體系統。

組成創新研發機構。新技術的不斷湧現是軍事智慧化蓬勃發展的不竭動力，高水準的軍事智慧化建設離不開專職機構的技術研發。一些國家和軍隊組成研發中心，注重從技術層面創新發展。美國國防部建立了聯合人工智慧中心，計劃將該中心打造成國家級重點實驗室，用於領導數百個與人工智慧相關的項目，確保對人工智慧相關數據資訊的高效利用，以保持美國在該領域的技術優勢。俄羅斯組成了人工智慧和大數據聯盟、國家人工智慧中心和隸屬國防部的機器人技術科研試驗中心，主要進行人工智慧和資訊科技領域的理論和應用研究。法國成立了創新國防實驗室，英國設立了人工智慧實驗室，印度組成了人工智慧特別工作小組，進行相關技術探索。

加強裝備研發列裝。近年來，多國重視研發智慧武器裝備，無人飛行器、無人戰車、無人艦艇、無人潛航器等不斷湧現。目前，美空軍已開始在F-35戰機上實踐「人機協同，人在迴路」的作戰理念。美XQ-58A「女武神」隱身無人機先前主要與F-35和F-22戰機進行人機協同作戰，2021年4月該隱身無人機成功投放ALTIUS-600小型無人機系統，進一步提升了其有人無人協同作戰能力。俄羅斯正聚焦偵察監視、指揮決策、火力打擊、作戰支援等多個領域，展開智慧裝備研發和列裝工作，計畫到2025年將無人作戰系統在武器裝備中的比例提高到30%以上。以“天王星”系列和“平台-M”“阿爾戈”等型號為代表的俄地面無人作戰武器發展迅速。其中，Nerekhta無人戰車可搭載遙控機槍和火箭發射器，除擁有一般裝甲車的戰鬥力外，還兼具運輸和偵察功能。此外，日本自衛隊計劃在2035年正式部署具有較強作戰能力的無人空中編隊。

（作者單位：國防科技大學）

中國軍事資料來源：https://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2022-03/17/content_311555.htm

China National Cyber Security Strategy, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military - Network & Space Forces, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Combat Planning, Command information Systems, Intelligent Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, National Defense and Military Modernization, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 新軍事變革, 軍隊「三化」融合聚焦探索戰力生成

One Year of Joint Cooperation Within the People’s Liberation Army of China – Focused on Victory, Chinese Military New Practice of Joint Preparation for War in the New Era

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中國人民解放軍聯防聯控一年－聚焦勝利 新時代中國軍隊聯防聯控新實踐

現代英語：

With the approval of Xi Jinping, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, the Central Military Commission issued the “Outline of Joint Cooperation between the People’s Liberation Army of China (Trial Implementation)”, which will come into effect on November 7, 2020.

The Outline focuses on building a legal and regulatory system for joint operations and strengthening the clear orientation of preparing for war. It is of great significance to consolidate and deepen the results of the reform of the leadership and command system, scale structure and force composition, and to promote the liberation and development of our military’s joint operations capabilities.

The Outline is the top-level regulation of our military’s new-era combat doctrine system. It focuses on clarifying the basic issues of joint combat organization and implementation, unifying combat thinking, clarifying responsibilities and procedures, and guiding combat operations. It clarifies major principles, requirements, and basic procedures for joint combat command, combat operations, combat support, national defense mobilization, and political work.

The Central Military Commission requires that all levels should earnestly study and implement the “Outline”, adhere to combat effectiveness as the only fundamental standard, use the “Outline” as the basic basis for organizing and implementing joint operations and joint training, and comprehensively improve the ability to win in the new era.

The battle flag hunt, the military parade ground was full of ups and downs, and the climaxes continued——

From north to south, the surging iron torrents train elite soldiers; in the deep blue ocean, soldiers step on the waves to forge sharp swords; above the vast sky, eagles fly thousands of miles towards the blue sky; deep in the dense forests, the east wind roars to the sky; the skynet controls power, and the invisible war defeats the visible… One after another joint combat exercises are gradually unfolding in multiple domains and all dimensions, presenting a picture of a strong army that trains together to plan for war, uses training to promote war, and wins war through strong training, sounding the strong note of a new era in the history of our army’s training and preparation.

Over the past year, the world has been undergoing unprecedented changes unseen in a century, intertwined with the global COVID-19 pandemic. Under the sky shrouded by the epidemic, the international situation has been in constant turmoil and confrontation. The drone warfare that has shined in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has shown the world the unique characteristics of modern warfare.

“When times change, things change. When things change, we must be prepared for change.” In the future, “what kind of war to fight and how to fight it” carries the heavy mission, and the entire military is surging with enthusiasm for researching and winning wars.

Faced with new changes in the national security situation, new threats from powerful enemies and adversaries, and new developments in the war situation, we urgently need to provide answers to strengthen the military, win battles, and meet the needs of the times.

“Overall, modern warfare has indeed undergone profound changes. These changes may seem dazzling, but there are regularities behind them. The fundamental thing is that the winning mechanism of war has changed.” Faced with the rapid development of the new world military revolution and changes in the war situation, under the guidance of the commander-in-chief and in accordance with the unified deployment of the CMC’s policy and system reforms, the CMC Joint Staff Department organized experts from the Academy of Military Sciences and capable personnel from relevant departments of the CMC, various theater commands, various military services and armed police forces to form a joint research group to pool wisdom and strength to tackle key problems and advance the formulation of new-era combat regulations.

On November 7, 2020, the “Outline of the Joint Cooperation Warfare of the People’s Liberation Army of China (Trial Implementation)” was implemented throughout the army, marking a new coordinate system for our army’s joint cooperation war in the new era.

Since the issuance of the Outline, commanders have taken the lead in learning it, agencies have taken the lead in studying it, and troops have practiced learning it. The officers and soldiers of the whole army have been enthusiastic about learning and publicizing the Outline. A great discussion on joint operations in the new era, a great liberation of thoughts, and a great practice of preparation for war have been vigorously carried out in the whole army.

Pointing to victory, leading the new practice of preparing for war in the new era

“Following the main road, who would you follow to seek a shortcut?” In the world of soldiers, there is no such thing as “easy”. The only way to win a battle is to be prepared.

What kind of war we will fight in the future will require us to innovate corresponding tactics; if we cannot innovate tactics, it will be difficult to win future wars.

In essence, combat regulations are about solving the problem of how to fight and how to win, and are a refinement, deepening and concretization of military strategic policies. The Outline of Joint Cooperation of the People’s Liberation Army of China (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the Outline) deeply studies the characteristics and laws of future wars, accurately grasps the era characteristics of the integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligentization of our army, and through the forward-looking and concrete design of future operations, implements the spiritual essence and content requirements of the new era’s military strategic policy into the troops’ preparation for war.

The Outline is not only a guideline for preparing for war, but also a guideline for winning joint operations.

At the beginning of the new year of 2021, a certain area of ​​the Eastern Theater Command is organizing a multi-service, multi-directional, systematic combat training. Under the guidance of the newly issued “Outline”, this exercise involves the full-domain linkage of land, sea, air, space, network and electric power, close coordination of political and public opinion, and information-led throughout the entire process from combat preparation to situation shaping to mission implementation. All units work closely together, demonstrating the firm determination and strong ability to maintain national unity with a thunderous momentum, and also witnessing the transformation of our military joint cooperation from “formal linkage” to “spiritual linkage”.

In the west, at midnight in mid-spring 2021, a series of urgent alarm bells rang. According to the level transfer order of a certain base of the Western Theater Air Force, the officers and soldiers of a certain air defense battalion of the Army quickly rushed to their positions, and the level transfer time was further shortened. According to the unified deployment, more than 10 Army air defense forces in the theater air force responsibility area entered the Air Force command chain in an organized manner, breaking the information barrier of the services, sharing early warning information, and jointly taking on combat readiness duty, and initially forming a joint air defense combat system. “You lend me the ‘eye in the sky’, and I will help you with the ‘iron fist'”, the integrated joint air defense combat across the services has taken a new step and entered a new stage.

In the north, at the beginning of the summer of 2021, war eagles soared and iron currents rolled, and an exercise with the theme of air-ground joint operations was in full swing. According to the plan, a certain command post of the Air Force of the Northern Theater Command and a certain group army of the Army jointly organized a brigade-level command post exercise to study and explore the composition of joint command institutions and test the integrated joint combat command capabilities of the command post personnel. Intelligence analysis and processing, joint firepower strikes, and integrated rear-end support were coordinated and planned and carried out in an integrated manner, and the command institutions were organized in an integrated manner with all elements complete. Through repeated joint combat and training, the policy of leading training through combat and carrying out combat through training has been further implemented, and the joint combat and command capabilities of commanders of all services and arms have been significantly improved.

In the direction of the South China Sea, war eagles roared and attacked fiercely, dragons took off and stepped on the sea and waves, radars flew and missiles raised their heads… Under the unified command of the theater joint command, all mission forces worked as a whole and coordinated closely to quickly build a battlefield layout that was multi-domain joint, both offensive and defensive, and deployed in echelons. They adopted a combination of centralized command and decentralized command, and flexibly carried out sea and air escort and deterrence and expulsion in a reasonable, forceful and restrained manner, effectively maintaining peace and tranquility in the South China Sea.

One year after the implementation of the Outline, the orientation of preparing for war has become clearer and firmer, the sole fundamental standard of combat effectiveness has been more firmly established, training and preparation for war as the main responsibility of the troops has become more prominent, researching and planning war as the primary responsibility of officers and soldiers has become clearer, the ideas and measures for joint operations and victory have become increasingly effective, and the entire army has continued to set off a new upsurge in training and preparation for war.

Keep pace with the times and clarify the new mechanism of joint cooperation in the new era

“All beneficial ways go with the times.”

Military theorist Douhet once said: “Victory smiles only on those who can foresee the changes in the character of war, not on those who wait for the changes to happen and then adapt to them.”

Looking around the world, the game and struggle among major powers are intensifying, the threat of war exists, the war situation continues to evolve, new military reforms are booming, stealth, unmanned and intelligent weapons and equipment have become the mainstream trend, the battlefield space has expanded to the entire domain and in all dimensions, the integrated linkage of combat forces has become the norm, combat command, action and support have become more sophisticated, and winning future wars requires the support of more advanced combat theories.

The gap in combat concepts is the fundamental gap, and the backwardness of combat theory is the biggest backwardness. When modern wars are surging in the world, what is most needed is newer and braver minds.

The new-era combat regulations, led by the Outline, adhere to Xi Jinping’s military strategic thinking and the new-era military strategic policy as the soul and outline, deeply grasp the new changes in national security, new adjustments in combat opponents, new designs in strategic layout, new connotations of active defense, and new developments in combat guidance, and materialize the principles and methods of commanders’ understanding of war and guidance of war into norms and standards for the specific implementation of the troops, so as to promote our military joint cooperation war to a higher level.

——It comprehensively expounds the contemporary connotation of war guidance under informationized conditions.

The Outline aims to win future high-end wars, accurately grasps the characteristics of lowered thresholds for future armed conflicts, blurred boundaries of war, and increasingly prominent mutual influence and efficiency between the war field and other fields, strengthens the political and social attributes of combat operations, innovatively develops the paradigm model of military struggle, emphasizes relying on the country’s integrated strategic system and capabilities, emphasizes the integration of war and non-war domains, emphasizes the comprehensive implementation of military and political, diplomatic, economic, cultural and other means, and gives full play to the overall advantages of the party, government, military, police and people. It reflects the modern war concept and the war guidance for winning the people’s war and total war in the new era.

——All elements standardize the style and methods of our joint military operations.

The Outline is based on the tasks and development of our army, and systematically expounds on the possible joint operations in the future, covering the core missions of various strategic directions, covering land, sea, air, space, network and electromagnetic multi-dimensional space. At the same time, it also creatively summarizes the basic types of joint operations, highlights the basic actions that run through the joint operations and have common characteristics, and forms a closed-loop chain of joint operations with all elements and in all fields.

——The joint combat command system and organizational operation mode were designed throughout the entire process.

The implementation of joint operations organizations is extremely complex and difficult. Whether they can be “coordinated” in terms of strength, “joined” in operations, and “excellent” in effectiveness depends crucially on whether they can achieve “unification” in command. The “Outline” focuses on building a strong and efficient joint operations command structure, closely integrates the Central Military Commission and the theater joint command operation model mechanism, fully considers that it not only conforms to the general direction and general requirements of the reform, but also leaves room for flexible formation in practice, focusing on solving joint operations Major issues such as the construction of the command system, the differentiation of command authority and responsibility interfaces, and the integration of services into the joint system ensure that thousands of troops can act jointly under unified orders.

Taking joint training as the guideline, promoting a new leap forward in joint training in the new era

At the Central Military Commission’s military training conference, President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen joint training, adhere to joint training as the key, develop a joint training system with Chinese characteristics, and accelerate the improvement of integrated joint combat capabilities. Soldiers should be trained in the way they fight, and troops should be trained in what is needed for fighting. Today’s world-class armies all regard improving joint training as the top priority for war preparation.

The Outline is the opening chapter of the new era combat doctrine and the guiding principle for the transformation of joint training in the new era. The Outline provides guidance, inspires vitality, and gives birth to a new pattern of joint training in the new era.

——Incorporate combat into training to present an “integrated posture” of training.

In the Taiwan Strait, the naval and air fleets carried out joint combat readiness patrols to test and enhance the joint combat capabilities of multiple services, maintain a high state of alert at all times, and resolutely defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity. Exercise preparation is combat preparation, and the exercise state is the combat state. Joint military exercises are no longer simple training activities, but have become a preparation process to promote combat readiness and enhance capabilities. Joint training, the “source” and “main stream” full of power, is guiding and driving the in-depth advancement and vigorous development of military combat readiness, and fully unleashing the role and effectiveness of training to carry out combat and training to promote readiness.

——Systematic training has become the “new normal” of joint training.

“East”, “South”, “West”, “North”, and “Central” are joint live-fire exercises organized by various theater commands, “Crossing”, “Mobility”, “Red Sword”, “Sky Sword”, and “Joint Logistics Mission” are series of systematic exercises organized by various services, covering all seasons, all weather, and all regions. The CMC, theater commands, and services are responsible for division of labor, overall design, and systematic organization. They are decomposed from top to bottom and integrated from bottom to top, driving the operation and inspection of the joint combat system. Joint exercises and systematic training present a new look, and new changes have taken place in the training and preparation mode. Our military’s joint training has entered a new stage of all-round transformation and overall improvement.

——Joint training between China and foreign countries highlights the “integration” of joint exercises.

At the foot of the Helan Mountains and in the heart of the Bronze Gorge Desert, the “Western Joint-2021” China-Russia joint exercise was booming. In this joint exercise, the Chinese and Russian militaries were mixed and planned together. The two sides shared their positions, coordinated closely, and acted together. They practiced more than 20 subjects such as joint air defense, joint obstacle removal, and joint three-dimensional seizure. With the support of the deeply integrated combat system between China and Russia, new breakthroughs in joint exercises and training were achieved. “Maritime Joint”, “Common Destiny”, “Peace Mission”… With the China-foreign joint training as a “window”, the new changes in the joint training of the Chinese military are being brilliantly presented to the world.

——Intensive training in new domains, demonstrating an “open attitude” in research and warfare.

In joint exercises, underwater unmanned “fish schools”, land unmanned “wolf packs”, and air unmanned “bee swarms” began to emerge. New domains and new types of forces such as land aviation, special operations, electric power, unmanned, network, and aerospace were deeply integrated into the joint combat system and the joint exercise process, and realistic combat scenarios were carefully constructed to accurately experiment with modern war organization and management. As the most active practice area for preparing for war, joint training, with an innovative and open attitude, boldly tried and made great strides towards the new combat areas pointed out in the Outline.

Integrating war and construction to shape a new pattern of system construction in the new era

President Xi stressed that we must adhere to the principle of leading construction in accordance with war, strengthen the coordination of war and construction, speed up the promotion of major strategic, leading and fundamental projects, and accelerate the creation of a high-level strategic deterrence and joint combat system.

If the “trouble” in the construction of the joint combat system is not resolved quickly, once the “interest” of the debt accumulates, it will become a “pain” on the battlefield tomorrow. From the perspective of war, the “Outline” calibrates the “sight” of construction and firmly points to the correct direction of military construction.

——Calibrate the construction “sight” to point to the needs of joint operations.

Under the guidance of the Outline, the concept of jointness has been gradually established, and the barriers of “coordination” of military operations and “integration” of combat domain capabilities have been gradually broken down. The land, sea, air, and fire arms have been combined in the same domain, and cross-domain integration of combat domains such as space, network, and electromagnetic space has gradually become a reality. With the support of the network information system and combat data information as the link, a full-time and smooth command link has been built. The system is internally connected to each combat sub-center, connected to each combat group (team) command post, and directly reaches the end of the individual platform when necessary, realizing joint command to the end. All operational forces worked together around the overall intention, realizing the transformation of the joint combat concept from focusing on the “service attributes” of combat forces to focusing on the “operational domain”, which has become the main feature of future joint combat. Studying, planning, and training for war with the “Outline” has become a trend throughout the military.

——Calibrate construction’s “sights” to point to system shortcomings and weaknesses.

Based on the Outline, our army insists on combining inheritance and innovation, theory and practice, innovatively designs strategies for winning future wars, focuses on highlighting problem orientation, takes root in training and preparation for war, promotes the construction of joint combat command system and new combat force construction, and effectively solves the outstanding shortcomings and weaknesses in military combat preparation. In mid-May 2021, the Party Committee of the Northern Theater Command held a special war meeting. In accordance with the Outline, it thoroughly identified contradictions and problems in joint combat research, command and control mode transformation, joint handling level, and efficient command capabilities. According to the Outline, it optimized system support, improved command and control methods, and improved command means, which promoted the transformation of the operation mode of the theater joint command center and the improvement of command effectiveness. Looking across the entire military, similar practices are becoming more and more common. Referring to the Outline to find gaps, ideas, and methods in the near and long term has become the new mainstream for planning and promoting construction at all levels and in all fields.

——Calibrate the construction “sight” to point to the urgent need to balance powerful enemies.

To implement the principle of building the military in accordance with war and coordinating the military construction, we must not only focus on solving current practical problems, but also pay attention to solving long-term development problems. The Outline is anchored on the future of defeating the strong and contains a far-sighted plan to build a world-class military. Guided by the Outline and focusing on changes in the war situation and changes in scientific and technological development, the construction of asymmetric means to check and balance powerful enemies has ushered in a qualitative leap. Batches of new drones, new helicopters and other advanced weapons and equipment have been tested and deployed, and a series of high-tech equipment has been deployed and developed, which has given us more confidence and stronger capabilities to win the war. The Outline condenses the “war code” of historical wisdom and also integrates the way to build first-class and win the future in the new era.

“But look at the path you have come from, and you will see verdant mountains and green hills.” One year after the implementation of the Outline, the new-era combat regulations are releasing capabilities and increasing efficiency in building a joint combat system with Chinese military characteristics.

In the new era and new journey, our path of military-joint cooperation will surely become broader, our ability to defend the country’s strategic development interests will surely become stronger, our confidence in winning future informationized wars will surely become firmer, and the great goal of building a world-class military will surely be fully realized.

“We have a string that is tightly tied to us, a mission that we shoulder, and a storm that we are watching closely… We are always ready!”

國語中文：

經中央軍委主席習近平批准，中央軍委印發《中國人民解放軍聯合作戰綱要（試行）》，於2020年11月7日起施行。

《綱要》著眼構建聯合作戰法規體系，強化備戰打仗的鮮明導向，對鞏固深化領導指揮體制、規模結構和力量編成改革成果，對推動我軍聯合作戰能力解放和發展，具有重要意義。

《綱要》是我軍新時代作戰條令體系的頂層法規，重在明確聯合作戰組織實施的基本問題，重在統一作戰思想、釐清權責程序、指導作戰行動，明確聯合作戰指揮、作戰行動、作戰保障、國防動員、政治工作等重大原則、要求和基本程序。

中央軍委要求，各級要認真抓好《綱要》的學習貫徹，堅持戰斗力這個唯一的根本的標准，將《綱要》作為組織實施聯合作戰和聯合訓練的基本依據，全面提高新時代打贏能力。

戰旗獵獵，演兵場上風起雲湧、高潮迭起——

大江南北，鐵流澎湃礪精兵；深藍大洋，蹈海踏浪鑄利劍；蒼穹之上，鵬飛萬裡向碧空；密林深處，東風浩蕩嘯九天；天網制權，無形之戰勝有形……一場場聯合作戰演練在多域全維漸次展開，鋪陳出一幅幅聯訓謀戰、以訓促戰、強訓勝戰的強軍畫卷，奏響著我軍練兵備戰史上新的時代強音。

一年來，世界百年未有之大變局交織全球新冠疫情之大流行，疫霾籠罩的天空之下，國際局勢波瀾不斷，伴隨著動蕩和對抗，納卡沖突中大放異彩的無人機作戰，向世界展現出現代戰爭獨有的特征。

“世異則事異，事異則備變。”未來“打什麼仗、怎麼打仗”承載著使命之重，全軍上下處處湧動著研戰謀勝的熱潮。

面對國家安全形勢新的變化，面對強敵對手新的威脅，面對戰爭形態新的演進，迫切需要我們給出強軍答案，給出勝戰答案，給出時代答案。

“總的看，現代戰爭確實發生了深刻變化。這些變化看上去眼花繚亂，但背後是有規律可循的，根本的是戰爭的制勝機理變了。”面對迅猛發展的世界新軍事革命和戰爭形態變化，在統帥指引下，按照軍委政策制度改革統一部署，軍委聯合參謀部組織軍事科學院專家力量和軍委機關有關部門、各戰區、各軍兵種和武警部隊精干人員成立聯合課題組，集智聚力攻關，緊前推動新時代作戰條令制定工作。

2020年11月7日，《中國人民解放軍聯合作戰綱要（試行）》在全軍施行，標定了新時代我軍聯合作戰新的坐標系。

《綱要》頒發以來，指揮員率先領學、機關帶頭熱學、部隊實際踐學，全軍官兵學習宣貫《綱要》熱潮奔湧，一場新時代聯合作戰大討論、思想大解放、備戰大實踐，在全軍部隊蓬勃開展。

劍指勝戰，引領新時代備戰打仗新實踐

“遵通衢之大道兮，求捷徑欲從誰？”軍人的世界，沒有“容易”二字。勝戰之道，唯有備戰。

未來打什麼樣的仗，就要創新什麼樣的戰法；創新不了戰法，就難以打贏未來的戰爭。

作戰條令實質上就是解決如何打仗、怎麼打贏的問題，是對軍事戰略方針的細化、深化和具體化。《中國人民解放軍聯合作戰綱要（試行）》（以下簡稱《綱要》）深入研究未來戰爭特點規律，准確把握我軍機械化、信息化、智能化融合發展的時代特征，通過對未來作戰的前瞻性具象化設計，將新時代軍事戰略方針的精神實質和內容要求具體落實到部隊備戰打仗實踐中去。

《綱要》既是備戰指導綱要，更是聯戰勝戰綱要。

2021年新春伊始，東部戰區某區域，正在組織一場多軍種多方向成體系實戰化訓練。此次演練，在新出台的《綱要》引領下，陸海空天網電全域聯動，政治輿論密切配合，從作戰准備到態勢塑造再到任務實施，全流程信息主導，各單位密切協同，以雷霆萬鈞之勢彰顯了維護國家統一的堅定決心和強大能力，也見證了我軍聯合作戰由“形聯”到“神聯”的蛻變。

西部方向，2021年仲春午夜，一陣急促的警鈴聲響起，根據西部戰區空軍某基地等級轉進指令，陸軍某防空營官兵迅速奔向戰位，等級轉進時間進一步縮短。按照統一部署，戰區空軍責任區內，10余支陸軍防空力量成建制進入空軍指揮鏈條，打破軍種信息壁壘，實現共享預警信息、共同擔負戰備值班，初步形成聯合防空作戰體系。“你借我‘天眼’，我助你‘鐵拳’”，跨軍兵種的一體化聯合防空作戰邁出了新步伐，進入了新階段。

北部方向，2021年盛夏之初，戰鷹翱翔，鐵流滾滾，一場以空地聯合為主題的演習正在火熱進行。根據計劃，北部戰區空軍某指揮所與陸軍某集團軍共同組織軍旅兩級指揮所演習，研究探索聯合指揮機構編成，檢驗指揮所人員一體化聯合作戰指揮能力。情報分析處理、聯合火力打擊、綜合後裝保障等環節協同籌劃、一體展開，指揮機構人員一體編設、要素齊全。在一次次聯戰聯訓的淬煉下，以戰領訓、以訓載戰進一步落地落實，各軍兵種指揮員的聯合作戰指揮能力得到明顯提升。

南海方向，戰鷹呼嘯、攻勢凌厲，蛟龍出動、蹈海踏浪，雷達飛轉、導彈昂首……在戰區聯指的統一指揮下，各任務部隊一體聯動、密切協同，迅速構建起多域聯合、攻防兼備、梯次部署的戰場布勢，采取集中指揮與分散指揮相結合的方式，靈活機動開展海空護航和威懾驅離，有理有力有節，有效維護了南海的和平與安寧。

《綱要》施行一年來，備戰打仗的導向更加鮮明堅定，戰斗力這個唯一的根本的標准樹得更牢，練兵備戰作為部隊主責主業更加突出，研戰謀戰作為官兵第一責任更加清晰，聯戰勝戰的思路舉措越來越見成效，全軍持續掀起練兵備戰新的熱潮。

與時俱進，釐清新時代聯合作戰新機理

“凡益之道，與時偕行。”

軍事理論家杜黑曾言：“勝利只向那些能預見戰爭特性變化的人微笑，而不是向那些等待變化發生再去適應的人微笑。”

放眼世界，大國博弈斗爭加劇，戰爭威脅現實存在，戰爭形態持續演進，新軍事變革蓬勃發展，武器裝備隱身化、無人化、智能化成為主流趨勢，戰場空間向全域全維拓展，作戰力量一體聯動成為常態，作戰指揮、行動和支援保障更趨精細，打贏未來戰爭需要更加先進的作戰理論支撐。

作戰理念的差距才是根本的差距，作戰理論的落後才是最大的落後。當現代化戰爭在世界洶湧澎湃的時候，最需要的是更新銳、更勇敢的頭腦。

以《綱要》為統領的新時代作戰條令，堅持把習近平軍事戰略思想、新時代軍事戰略方針作為魂和綱，深刻把握國家安全新變化、作戰對手新調整、戰略布局新設計、積極防御新內涵、作戰指導新發展，將統帥認知戰爭、指導戰爭的原則和方法，物化為部隊具體執行的規范標准，推進我軍聯合作戰邁向更高層次。

——全維度闡述了信息化條件下戰爭指導的時代內涵。

《綱要》瞄准打贏未來高端戰爭，准確把握未來武裝沖突門檻降低、戰爭界限模糊，戰爭領域與其他領域的斗爭相互影響增效日漸突出等特點，強化作戰行動的政治、社會屬性，創新發展軍事斗爭范式模式，強調依托國家一體化戰略體系和能力，強調戰與非戰多域融合，強調軍事與政治、外交、經濟、文化等多手段綜合施策，發揮黨政軍警民整體優勢，反映了現代戰爭理念和打贏新時代人民戰爭、總體戰的戰爭指導。

——全要素規范了我軍聯合作戰行動樣式和行動方法。

《綱要》立足我軍擔負任務和建設發展實際，對未來可能實施的聯合作戰樣式進行了系統闡述，覆蓋各戰略方向核心使命，遍及陸、海、空、天、網絡和電磁多維空間。同時，還創造性地總結歸納了聯合作戰基本行動類型，將貫穿聯合作戰始終並具有共性特征的基本行動突出出來，形成全要素全領域聯合行動的閉環鏈路。

——全流程設計了聯合作戰指揮體系及組織運行方式。

聯合作戰組織實施復雜度極高、難度極大，能否在力量上“合”、行動上“聯”、效能上“優”，關鍵要看指揮上能否實現“統”。《綱要》圍繞打造堅強高效的聯合作戰指揮機構，緊密結合軍委、戰區聯指運行模式機制，充分考慮到既順應改革大方向和總要求，又為實際中靈活編組留有余地，重點解決聯合作戰指揮體系構建、指揮權責界面區分、軍種融入聯合體系等重大問題，確保千軍萬馬在統一號令下聯合行動。

以聯為綱，推動新時代聯合訓練新躍升

一引其綱，萬目皆張。習主席在中央軍委軍事訓練會議上強調，要強化聯合訓練，堅持以聯為綱，發展我軍特色聯合訓練體系，加速提升一體化聯合作戰能力。仗怎麼打、兵就怎麼練，打仗需要什麼、部隊就應該練什麼。當今世界一流軍隊，無不把提高聯合訓練水平視為戰爭准備的第一要務。

《綱要》是新時代作戰條令的開篇之作，也是新時代聯合訓練轉型的指向遵循。《綱要》指引著方向，《綱要》激發著活力，催生了新時代聯合訓練的新格局。

——寓戰於訓，呈現訓備“一體態”。

台灣海峽，海空編隊實施聯合戰備警巡，檢驗提升多軍兵種聯合作戰能力，時刻保持高度戒備狀態，堅決捍衛國家主權和領土完整。演練准備就是作戰准備，演練狀態就是作戰狀態，聯合演兵不再是單純的訓練活動，已經成為推進備戰、提升能力的准備過程。聯合訓練這個充滿力量的“源頭”“干流”，正在牽引、帶動軍事斗爭准備深入推進、蓬勃發展，充分釋放以訓載戰、以訓促備的作用功效。

——體系實訓，成為聯訓“新常態”。

“東部”“南部”“西部”“北部”“中部”，各戰區組織的一場場聯合實兵演習，“跨越”“機動”“紅劍”“天劍”“聯勤使命”，各軍兵種組織的系列體系化演訓，覆蓋了全季節、全天候、全地域。軍委機關、戰區、軍兵種分工負責，整體化設計、體系化組織，從上到下逐級分解，從下向上逐級集成，帶動聯合作戰體系運轉檢驗。聯合演訓、體系練兵呈現新氣象，練兵備戰模式出現新變化，我軍聯合訓練進入了全方位變革、整體性提升的新階段。

——中外聯訓，突顯聯演“融合態”。

賀蘭山下，青銅峽大漠腹地，“西部·聯合-2021”中俄聯演炮聲隆隆。此次聯演，中俄兩軍混合編組、合帳籌劃，雙方態勢共享、密切協同、聯合行動，演練聯合防空、聯合破障、聯合立體奪要等20余個課目，在中俄深度融合的作戰體系支撐下，實現聯演聯訓的新突破。 “海上聯合”“共同命運”“和平使命”……以中外聯訓為“窗口”，中國軍隊聯合訓練的新變化正在向世界精彩呈現。

——新域精訓，展現研戰“開放態”。

一場場聯合演練活動中，水下無人“魚群”、陸上無人“狼群”、空中無人“蜂群”開始真正湧現，陸航、特戰、電抗、無人、網絡、空天等新域新質力量，深度融入聯合作戰體系，深度進入聯合演練流程，精細構設現實作戰場景，精准實驗現代戰爭組織管理。作為備戰打仗最活躍的實踐領域，聯合訓練以創新、開放的姿態，朝著《綱要》指出的新型作戰領域，大膽嘗試、闊步前進。

戰建一體，塑造新時代體系建設新格局

習主席強調指出，要堅持以戰領建，加強戰建統籌，抓緊推進戰略性、引領性、基礎性重大工程，加快打造高水平戰略威懾和聯合作戰體系。

聯合作戰體系建設上的“患”，如不加快解決，一旦欠賬“復息”疊加，就將成為明天戰場上的“痛”。《綱要》從戰的角度，校准建的“准星”，堅定地指向軍隊建設正確的方向。

——校准建設“准星”指向聯合作戰所需。

在《綱要》指引下，聯合理念逐步確立，軍兵種行動“配合”、作戰域能力“整合”的壁壘逐漸被打破，陸、海、空、火等軍兵種並域聯合，太空、網絡、電磁空間等作戰域跨域融合逐步成為現實。以網絡信息體系為支撐，以作戰數據信息為紐帶，構建起全時暢通的指揮鏈路。系統內聯各作戰分中心，下接各作戰群（隊）指揮所，必要時直達單兵平台末端，實現聯合指揮到底到邊。各行動力量圍繞整體意圖共同發力，實現了聯合作戰理念以作戰力量“軍種屬性”為著眼，向以“作戰域”歸屬為著眼的轉變，成為未來聯合作戰的主要特征。拿著《綱要》研打仗、謀打仗、練打仗，在全軍上下蔚然成風。

——校准建設“准星”指向體系短板弱項。

以《綱要》為依據，我軍堅持繼承與創新、理論與實踐相結合，創新設計未來戰爭制勝之策，注重突出問題導向，植苗扎根練兵備戰，推進聯合作戰指揮體系建設、新型作戰力量建設，有效解決了軍事斗爭准備的突出短板弱項。2021年5月中旬，北部戰區黨委召開專題議戰會，對照《綱要》深入查找聯合作戰研究、指控模式轉變、聯合處置層次、高效指揮能力等方面的矛盾問題，依據《綱要》優化體系支撐、改進指控方法、完善指揮手段，推動了戰區聯指中心運行模式轉變和指揮效能提升。放眼全軍，類似的做法越來越多，參照《綱要》顧近及遠找差距、找思路、找方法，成為各層級各領域謀劃推動建設的新主流。

——校准建設“准星”指向制衡強敵所急。

落實以戰領建、戰建統籌，既要立足解決當前實際問題，又要注重解決長遠發展問題。《綱要》錨定未來制強勝強，蘊含著建設世界一流軍隊的深遠謀劃。以《綱要》為引領，著眼戰爭形態之變、科技發展之變，制衡強敵非對稱手段建設迎來了質的飛越。一批批新型無人機、新式直升機等先進武器裝備試驗列裝，一系列高新技術裝備部署研發，我們勝戰的底氣更足、能力更強。《綱要》濃縮了歷史智慧的“戰爭法典”，也融匯了新時代建設一流、制勝未來的勝戰之道。

“卻顧所來徑，蒼蒼橫翠微。”《綱要》施行一年來，新時代作戰條令正在為構建我軍特色的聯合作戰體系釋能增效。

新時代新征程，我軍聯合作戰之路必將更加寬廣，捍衛國家戰略發展利益的能力必將更加強大，打贏未來信息化戰爭的信心必將更加堅定，建設世界一流軍隊的偉大目標必將全面實現。

“有一根弦我們緊繃著，有一種使命我們肩扛著，有一片風浪我們緊盯著……我們時刻准備著！”

來源：解放軍報 作者：韓林 魏兵 劉建偉 責任編輯：劉上靖 2022-01-05 06:35:44

中國國防部原文 來源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/qwfb/4902340.html

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Command information Systems, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, Strategic Support Forces, 中國軍事應用與比特幣在未來戰爭中的應用, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍事認知域作戰的重點是什麼、重點在哪裡？, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰, 中國軍隊聚焦認知域戰是主攻戰場對抗的新著力點, 國家網絡空間安全戰略, 國防和軍隊現代化建設

Chinese Military Analysis of Developing Intelligent Command Information Systems

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中國軍隊發展智慧指揮資訊系統的分析

現代英語：

The prelude to the era of intelligent warfare has begun. Command information systems with intelligent characteristics will become the “central nerve” of future intelligent combat command and control, and are the supporting means of intelligent combat command and control. Accelerating the construction of intelligent command information systems is an inherent requirement for the development of military intelligence. Only by clarifying the development essentials of intelligent command information systems, grasping the key points of intelligent command information system research and development, and exploring the key points of intelligent command information system development can we better promote the construction and development of intelligent command information systems and win the initiative in future intelligent combat.

Clarify the key points of developing intelligent command information system

Intelligent command information system is the inevitable choice for the development of war form towards information-based intelligent warfare, the inevitable result of the development of scientific and technological revolution, and the era’s call for the development of military intelligence. Clarifying the development essentials of intelligent command information system will help to guide the construction direction of intelligent command information system and establish the long-term goal of system development.

Promote the intelligent evolution of war. In the future intelligent warfare, the battlefield situation is changing rapidly and the battlefield environment is complex and severe. In order to take the initiative on the battlefield, “control of intelligence” has become a new commanding height, and the intelligent command information system is undoubtedly an important means of supporting future combat command and action. Its intelligent development can promote the evolution of war to intelligence, and is an important support for intelligent warfare to gain the initiative and seek victory.

Support intelligent innovation of combat concepts. Future intelligent combat requires a combat command concept that is compatible with it, and the intelligent command information system is an important support for the implementation of the combat command concept, and is the soil for the innovation and development of the intelligent combat command concept. New intelligent combat command concepts such as human-machine hybrid command formation, data-driven command activities, open development command mode, and intelligent force-focused command process are inseparable from the support of the intelligent command information system. The intelligent command information system will serve as the extension of the human brain, breaking through the physiological limits of the human body and realizing the organic integration of combat command art and intelligent technology.

Promote the intelligent transformation of combat methods. The widespread application of artificial intelligence technology in the military field has brought about major changes in the combat victory mechanism. Intelligence has surpassed firepower and information power and has become the primary factor in determining the outcome of a war. The construction and development of intelligent command information systems will promote the transformation of combat methods to intelligence, making the combat methods change from “combat networks + precision-guided weapons” in the information age to “intelligent Internet of Things + manned/unmanned combat platforms” in the intelligent age, and the basic combat style will evolve from “network-centric warfare” to “cognitive-centric warfare” accordingly.

Grasp the key points of intelligent command information system research and development

The command information system is a product of the information warfare era. With the rapid development of military intelligence and the research and practical application of intelligent combat winning mechanisms, the intelligent upgrade of the command information system is imminent. We should highlight the key points of functional research and development and create a new intelligent command information system.

“Super-brainization” assists decision-making. In the future intelligent warfare, the amount of battlefield information data is huge and complex and changeable. Commanders are easily trapped in the “sea of ​​information” during the command process, resulting in information confusion and affecting command decisions. With the emergence of intelligent decision-making technology and “cloud brain” and “digital staff”, a new decision-making model based on the collaboration of “human brain + artificial intelligence” is quietly taking shape. The intelligent command information system will break through the limits of human intelligence, as an extension of the human brain, assist the commander’s work, and develop war decisions from simple human brain decisions to “human brain + artificial intelligence” super-brainized command decisions.

“Full-dimensional” situational awareness. In future intelligent combat, the space will be multi-dimensional, the forces will be diversified, the styles will be diverse, and the pace will be accelerated. Comprehensive and flexible grasp of battlefield situations will become the basis for commanders to make decisions, and multi-domain integration and intelligent dynamic presentation of full-dimensional battlefield situations will become an inevitable requirement for the construction and development of command information systems. The command information system’s perception, understanding, integration and prediction of battlefield situations such as target identification, threat level estimation, combat action prediction and future war situation prediction are expanding from land, sea, air, space, electromagnetic, network and other spaces to cognitive and social domains, realizing “full-dimensional” situational awareness.

“Intelligent” network communication. In the future, intelligent warfare will use a large number of intelligent command and control platforms and intelligent weapon platforms, and the intelligent information and communication system must be connected to the command and control platform and the weapon platform. Like the nerves and blood vessels of the human body, the intelligent information and communication system plays a linking and lubricating role in intelligent warfare. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an intelligent information network with full-dimensional coverage and uninterrupted connection to support the connection and control of intelligent equipment, form intelligent optimization of network structure, intelligent reorganization of network anti-destruction, and intelligent anti-interference capabilities, so as to ensure intelligent collaborative operations between platforms and exert the best overall combat effectiveness.

“Unmanned” autonomous collaboration. In recent local conflicts around the world, drones have been used in large numbers and have played an important role in determining the direction of war, which has attracted widespread attention from all parties. Unmanned weapons and equipment are the material basis of intelligent warfare, and have formed disruptive combat styles based on this, such as invasive lone wolf warfare, manned/unmanned collaborative system sabotage warfare, unmanned system formation independent warfare, and drone swarm cluster warfare. Although unmanned warfare is led by humans, it gives machines a certain degree of autonomous action authority in the background, thereby realizing unmanned combat operations on the front line. However, the unmanned battlefield is changing rapidly, and the destruction of human-machine collaboration will become the norm. The command and control system of the unmanned intelligent equipment platform must be more intelligent and be able to conduct autonomous and coordinated combat according to the purpose of the operation.

“Active” information defense. Intelligent warfare will inevitably face all-dimensional and diverse information attacks from powerful enemies. The level of information security protection capabilities directly affects the outcome of the “intellectual power” struggle on the battlefield and is a key link in the construction of intelligent command information systems. Therefore, we should take the initiative to actively formulate and improve network protection strategies, enrich intrusion detection capabilities and authentication and identification methods, strengthen the application of high-tech information security technologies, strengthen the anti-interference and anti-intervention capabilities of various wireless transmission methods, and strengthen intelligent traceability and countermeasure capabilities to effectively curb information attacks.

Exploring the key to the development of intelligent command information system

The development of intelligent command information system is not only a technological innovation, but also requires further emancipation of mind and updating of concepts. To promote the development of intelligent command information system, we must change the traditional idea of ​​adding hardware, building a large “network”, collecting and storing various types of data, break through the inherent hierarchical settings, create an open and service-oriented system, aim at the needs of intelligent combat command and action, and explore and study the key points of the development of intelligent command information system.

Innovative concepts. Adhere to the guidance of innovative thinking concepts, learn from the development ideas of intelligent command information systems of military powers, combine actual needs, and explore a development path with its own characteristics. We must break the traditional “building chimneys” approach, adhere to the top-level design and overall planning of command information systems, unify interfaces, protocols and standards, and form an open and sustainable system architecture layout; adhere to the system development ideas that combine research, construction and use, formulate short-term, medium-term and long-term development strategies, and standardize the direction of system construction and development; adhere to iterative upgrades and optimization and improvement strategies, and continuously improve the intelligence level of various subsystems such as command control, intelligence reconnaissance, communications, information confrontation and comprehensive support, to ensure the continuous and healthy development of intelligent command information systems.

Focus on the key. Focusing on the construction of key capabilities of intelligent command information systems is an important support for intelligent warfare to gather intelligence and win with intelligence, and is the key to intelligent warfare to gain the “right to win”. Algorithms, computing power, and data are not only the internal driving force and support for the development of artificial intelligence, but also the core capability requirements and advantages of intelligent command information systems. The development of intelligent command information systems must adhere to algorithm innovation research to improve the system’s cognitive advantages, speed advantages, and decision-making advantages; accelerate the research and development of the next generation of computers represented by quantum computers to provide stronger computing power support for intelligent command information systems; deeply explore the deeper and wider dimensional information value in massive combat data resources, and seek to gain the upper hand.

Gather wisdom to tackle key problems. The construction and development of intelligent command information systems is one of the main projects of military intelligence. It is a multi-domain, multi-disciplinary, multi-departmental and multi-unit integrated and coordinated project. The construction and development of intelligent command information systems must adhere to the spirit of collective wisdom, collective wisdom, pioneering and innovation, aiming at strategic forward-looking fields such as sensors, quantum information, network communications, integrated circuits, key software, big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, and insist on high-tech promotion and intelligent combat demand. Carry out in-depth research and exchanges in multiple fields, levels, and forms, continuously break through innovation, iterative upgrades, and make the intelligent command information system more complete and smarter.

Collaborative development. To further promote the construction and development of intelligent command information systems, we must fully absorb local advanced technological achievements and integrate into the era of innovation and development of artificial intelligence in the world. At present, the world’s artificial intelligence technology is booming, accumulating strong development momentum and technological advantages. Artificial intelligence technology has strong versatility in application and broad prospects for the transformation and application of technological achievements. It is an important way to achieve the construction and development of intelligent command information systems. We must study and formulate general technical standards, demolish barriers, break the ice, facilitate military-civilian cooperation, and realize the sharing and linkage of technological achievements. We must cultivate and shape new military talents through collaboration, so that they can constantly adapt to the needs of various positions under intelligent conditions and give full play to the effectiveness of intelligent command information systems.

國語中文：

智慧化戰爭時代序幕已經拉開，具有智慧化特徵的指揮資訊系統將成為未來智慧化作戰指揮的“中樞神經”，是智慧化作戰指揮控制的支撐手段。加速智慧化指揮資訊系統建設是軍事智慧化發展的內在要求，只有明晰智能化指揮資訊系統發展要義，抓住智慧化指揮資訊系統研發要點，探索智慧化指揮資訊系統發展要津，才能更好地推動智慧化指揮資訊系統建設發展進程，贏得未來智慧化作戰制勝先機。

明晰智能化指揮資訊系統發展要義

智慧化指揮資訊系統是戰爭形態朝向資訊化智能化戰爭發展的必然選擇，是科技革命發展的必然結果，也是軍事智能化發展的時代訴求。明晰智能化指揮資訊系統發展要義，有助於把脈智能化指揮資訊系統建設方向，確立系統發展長遠目標。

助推戰爭形態智能化演進。未來智能化作戰，戰場形勢瞬息萬變、戰場環境復雜嚴酷，要想在戰場上取得主動，「制智權」成為新的製高點，而智能化指揮資訊系統無疑是未來作戰指揮和行動的重要支撐手段，其智慧化發展可助推戰爭形態朝向智能化演變，是智能化作戰贏得先機、謀求勝利的重要依托。

支撐作戰理念智能化創新。未來智慧化作戰，需要與之相適應的作戰指揮理念，而智慧化指揮資訊系統是作戰指揮理念實踐運用的重要依托，是智慧化作戰指揮理念創新、發展的土壤。如人機混合指揮編組、數據驅動指揮活動、開放發展指揮模式、智能聚力指揮過程等智能化作戰指揮新理念，都離不開智能化指揮信息系統的支撐，智能化指揮信息系統將作為人腦的外延，突破人體生理極限，實現作戰指揮藝術與智慧技術的有機融合。

促進作戰方式智能化轉變。人工智慧技術在軍事領域的廣泛應用，使得作戰制勝機理發生重大變化，智慧超越火力、資訊力，成為決定戰爭勝負的首要因素。智慧化指揮資訊系統建設發展將促進作戰方式向智慧化轉變，使得作戰方法從資訊時代的「作戰網絡＋精確制導武器」向智慧時代的「智慧物聯網＋有人/無人作戰平台」轉變、基本作戰樣式相應地從「網絡中心戰」向「認知中心戰」演進。

抓住智慧化指揮資訊系統研發點

指揮資訊系統是資訊化戰爭時代的產物，隨著軍事智慧化的快速發展、智慧化作戰制勝機理的研究和實踐運用，指揮資訊系統智慧化升級建設迫在眉睫。應突顯功能研發點，打造全新智慧化指揮資訊系統。

“超腦化”輔助決策。未來智能化作戰，戰場資訊數據量龐大且複雜多變，指揮員在指揮過程中易陷入「資訊海洋」而導致資訊迷茫，影響指揮決策。隨著智慧輔助決策技術和「雲端大腦」「數字參謀」的出現，以「人腦+人工智慧」協作為基本方式的新決策模式正悄悄形成。智慧化指揮資訊系統將突破人類智力極限，作為人腦的外延，輔助指揮員工作，使戰爭決策由單純的人腦決策發展為「人腦+人工智慧」的超腦化指揮決策。

「全維化」態勢感知。未來智能化作戰，空間多維、力量多元、樣式多樣、節奏加快趨勢突出，全面靈動地掌握戰場態勢成為指揮員決策的基礎，多域一體、智能動態地呈現全維戰場態勢成為指揮資訊系統建設發展必然要求。指揮資訊系統對諸如目標識別、威脅等級估計、作戰行動預判和未來戰況走向預估等戰場態勢的感知、理解、融合和預測，正在從陸、海、空、天、電磁、網絡等空間擴展至認知域、社會域，實現「全維化」態勢感知。

「智聯化」網絡通聯。未來智慧化作戰將使用大量智慧指揮控制平台和智慧化武器平台，而連接指揮控制平台和武器平台的必然是智慧化的資訊通訊系統。如同人體的神經和血管，智慧化的資訊通訊系統在智慧化作戰中扮演連結和潤滑作用。因此，要建立全維度覆蓋、不間斷的智慧化資訊網絡，支撐智慧化裝備的連結和控制，形成網絡結構智能優化、網絡抗毀智能重組以及智能抗干擾能力，以確保平台間智能化的協同作戰，發揮最佳的整體作戰效能。

「無人化」自主協同。近期世界局部沖突中，無人機大量運用並起到決定戰爭走向的重要作用，引起了各方的廣泛關注。無人化武器裝備是智慧化作戰的物質基礎，並依此形成了顛覆式作戰樣式，如侵入式獨狼作戰、有人/無人協同體系破擊作戰、無人系統編隊獨立作戰、無人機蜂群集群作戰等。無人作戰雖是由人主導，並在後台賦予機器一定程度的自主行動權限，從而實現機器在一線無人作戰行動。然而無人作戰戰場瞬息萬變，人機協同被破壞將成為常態，無人智慧化裝備平台指控系統必須更加智慧，要能根據作戰目的進行自主協同作戰。

“主動化”訊息防禦。智慧化作戰必將面臨強敵全維多樣的資訊攻擊，資安防護能力的高低，直接影響戰場「制智權」鬥爭的勝負，是智慧化指揮資訊系統建設的關鍵環節。因此，應主動作為，積極制定及完善網絡防護策略，豐富入侵檢測能力及認證識別手段，加強資訊安全高新技術運用，強化各類無線傳輸方式的抗干擾、抗介入能力，建強智能化溯源反制能力，有效遏止資訊攻擊。

探索智慧化指揮資訊系統發展要津

智慧化指揮資訊系統發展不單單是技術的革新，更需要進一步解放思想、更新理念。推動智慧化指揮資訊系統發展，要改變傳統添硬體、建大「網」、收集儲存各類數據的思路，突破固有層級設定，打造開放式、服務型系統，瞄準智慧化作戰指揮與行動需要，探索研究智慧化指揮資訊系統發展要津。

創新理念。堅持以創新的思維理念為指引，借用軍事強國智慧化指揮資訊系統發展思路，結合實際需求，探索具有自身特色的發展道路。要打破傳統「樹煙囪」做法，堅持指揮資訊系統頂層設計和整體規劃，統一介面、協議和標準，形成開放式、可持續發展的系統架構佈局；堅持研建用相結合的系統研發思路，制定近期、中期、長期不同階段發展策略，規範系統建設發展方向；堅持迭代升級、優化完善策略，不斷提升指揮控制、情報偵察、通信、資訊對抗和綜合保障等各分系統智能化水平，確保智能化指揮資訊系統持續健康發展。

聚力關鍵。聚力智能化指揮資訊系統關鍵能力建設，是智慧化作戰以智聚優、以智制勝的重要依托，是智慧化作戰取得「制勝權」的關鍵。演算法、算力、數據既是人工智慧發展的內在動力和支撐，也是智慧化指揮資訊系統的核心能力要求和優勢。智慧化指揮資訊系統發展要堅持演算法創新研究，提高系統認知優勢、速度優勢和決策優勢；加快量子計算機等為代表的下一代計算機研發，為智能化指揮信息系統提供更強的算力支持；深度挖掘海量作戰資料資源中更深層次、更廣維度資訊價值，謀求制勝先機。

集智攻關。智慧化指揮資訊系統建設發展是軍事智慧化的主要工程之一，是一個多領域、多學科交叉，多部門、多單位參與的大融合大聯動的攻堅工程。智慧化指揮資訊系統建設發展要堅持群策群力、集智攻關、開拓創新的精神，瞄準傳感器、量子信息、網絡通信、集成電路、關鍵軟件、大數據、人工智能、區塊鍊等戰略性前瞻領域，堅持高新技術推動、智慧化作戰需求拉動，開展多領域、多層次、多形式深度研究交流，不斷突破創新、迭代升級，使智慧化指揮資訊系統功能更加完善、更加智慧。

協作發展。深入推動智慧化指揮資訊系統建設發展，必須充分吸收地方先進技術成果，融入世界人工智慧創新發展的時代洪流。當前，世界人工智慧技術蓬勃發展，積蓄了強大發展動能和技術優勢，人工智慧技術應用通用性強，技術成果轉化應用前景廣闊，是智慧化指揮資訊系統建設發展的重要實現途徑。要研究制定通用技術標準，拆壁壘、破堅冰、暢通軍地合作，實現技術成果共享連結。要透過協作培養塑造新型軍事人才，使其不斷適應智慧化條件下各類崗位需求，充分發揮智慧化指揮資訊系統效能。

中國軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4917788.html

Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國的情報戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事分析:認知域作戰的特徵與發展趨勢, 中國軍事應用與比特幣在未來戰爭中的應用, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍事認知域作戰的重點是什麼、重點在哪裡？, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰, 新軍事變革, 智慧戰爭, 解放軍展望未來戰爭發展, 認知域戰

China’s Emphasis on Accelerating the Advancement of Military Intelligence

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中國重視加速軍事情報進步

現代英語：

Today, the world’s science and technology is brewing new breakthroughs. With the man-machine war as a symbol, the development of artificial intelligence has made significant progress and is accelerating its development into the military field, which will inevitably have an impact on the war situation and even a subversive impact. Therefore, our military must accelerate the promotion of military intelligence construction and accelerate the forging of an intelligent army.

Create intelligent theory. Create the basic theory of intelligent warfare, and conduct in-depth research on the concept connotation, essential characteristics, war guidance, combat style, offensive and defensive actions, winning mechanism, characteristic laws, etc. of intelligent warfare; continuously innovate the tactics of intelligent warfare, such as intelligent cluster warfare, precise second-kill warfare, cognitive control warfare, intelligent ambush warfare, etc.; study and master the basic technical theories of intelligent warfare, including the perception and understanding of highly complex battlefield environments, human-machine hybrid intelligence in human-machine collaborative operations, etc. These theories are the cornerstone of the intelligent warfare theory system. In the future, the war theory with “algorithm-centric warfare” as the core is very likely to replace the war theory with “network-centric warfare” as the core.

Reshape the intelligent form. Military organization is the link between military technology and combat theory, and is the lever for exerting the overall combat effectiveness of the army. In the future intelligent warfare, along with the pace of new military reforms, the development trend of military organization will be built and developed in the direction of “globally distributed, networked matrix” leadership and management system, “algorithm-supported, human-machine integration” combat command system, “small and flexible, modular cluster” scale structure, and “military integration, military and civilian integration, traditional forces as the main body, intelligent forces as the backbone, unmanned and adaptive” force composition. The organizational structure of future intelligent warfare will be to form small, multi-functional, intelligent, new joint combat forces of different types and purposes according to different levels of strategy, campaign, and tactics and different military services.

Develop intelligent weapons. We should focus on the dual needs of intelligent warfare system operations and intelligent weapons and equipment system construction, do a good job in top-level design and overall coordination, compile a roadmap for the development of intelligent weapons and equipment systems, and develop intelligent unmanned combat equipment systems that match operations and support, covering land, sea, air, space, and network space domains, in a planned, focused, and step-by-step manner, and with high, medium, and low-end, large, medium, and small, long, medium, and short ranges, and enhance the system integration of various services and various intelligent weapons and equipment such as operations and support. At the same time, we should focus on the needs of unmanned and anti-unmanned, intelligent and anti-intelligent operations, and focus on the research and development of weapons and equipment systems for anti-enemy intelligent unmanned operations to ensure that we can effectively conduct intelligent unmanned offensive and defensive confrontations with the enemy.

Innovate intelligent training. At present, the concept and method of intelligent combat are constantly updated, and the training mode has changed from “mechanical + information” dominated to “intelligent +” dominated. Artificial intelligence technology can create a more “real” weapon operation experience and battlefield environment, can realistically simulate the combat process, assist decision-making and command, and evaluate combat concepts. Exploring new models of intelligent training and improving intelligent combat capabilities will become an important part of future military training and preparation. In particular, intelligent warfare and unmanned combat should be included in the training outline and carried out on a regular basis.

Cultivate intelligent talents. Talent is the first resource. The cultivation of artificial intelligence talents is the foundation for strengthening the country’s intelligent infrastructure. Intelligent warfare has the characteristics of complexity, advancement, and humanization. It has the characteristics of decentralized combat command, de-division of combat processes, de-stratification of talent structure, high-end skill operation, research-based working methods, and fuzzification of the front and rear. Correspondingly, it also requires intelligent military talents to have the characteristics of talent group, advanced skills, complex knowledge, innovative thinking, and intelligent decision-making. Therefore, to build an intelligent army and win intelligent warfare, it is first necessary to have a large number of specialized technical talents and command talents in the field of artificial intelligence.

Deepen intelligent integration. Breakthroughs in the core key technologies of artificial intelligence are the “national heavy weapon” to deal with the threats and challenges of intelligent warfare. In the tide of the intelligent era, we must focus on achieving integrated breakthroughs in the following disruptive technologies: around algorithm support, develop intelligent data mining technology for massive intelligence information and intelligent planning technology; around machine combat, develop intelligent chip technology and autonomous unmanned system technology; around intelligent decision-making, develop explainable high-reliability auxiliary decision-making technology, human-computer interaction and intelligent fusion technology; around extreme combat, develop intelligent cluster combat coordination technology and energy and information intelligent confrontation technology. Therefore, the research and development of core key technologies of military intelligence should not only carry out cross-disciplinary and cross-domain collaborative innovation, but also connect the development of social intelligence with that of military intelligence, draw on the mature technologies and successful experiences of social intelligence development, vigorously strengthen the in-depth development of military-civilian integration, and promote the rapid embedding of various artificial intelligence technologies into combat elements and processes.

國語中文：

當今世界科技正醞釀著新的突破，以人機大戰為標志，人工智慧發展取得重大進展，並加速向軍事領域發展，這必將對戰爭形態產生沖擊甚至顛覆性影響。因此，我軍必須加速推進軍事智慧化建設，加速鍛造智慧化軍隊。

創建智能化理論。創造智慧化戰爭基礎理論，深入研究智能化戰爭的概念內涵、本質特徵、戰爭指導、作戰樣式、攻防行動、制勝機理、特點規律等內容；不斷創新智能化戰爭的戰法，如智能集群戰、精確秒殺戰、認知控制戰、智能伏擊戰等；研究掌握智能化戰爭的技術基礎理論，包括高復雜戰場環境的感知與理解、人機協同作戰的人機混合智能等。這些理論是智慧化戰爭理論體系的基石。未來以「演算法中心戰」為核心的戰爭理論，極有可能取代以「網絡中心戰」為核心的戰爭理論。

重塑智能化形態。軍隊組織是聯結軍事技術和作戰理論的紐帶，也是發揮軍隊整體作戰效能的槓桿。在未來智慧化戰爭中，伴隨著新軍事變革的步伐，軍隊組織的發展趨勢，將按照領導管理體制「全局分散式、網絡矩陣式」、作戰指揮體制「演算法支撐、人機融合」、規模結構「小型靈巧、模塊集群」、力量編成「軍種融合軍民一體、傳統部隊為主體、智慧部隊為骨幹的無人化、自適應」方向建設發展。未來智慧化戰爭的體制編制將依戰略、戰役、戰術不同層次和不同軍兵種，組建不同類型、不同用途的小型多能智能化新型聯合作戰部隊。

發展智能化武器。應著眼於智慧化戰爭體係作戰和智慧化武器裝備體系建設的雙重需要，搞好頂層設計和整體統籌，編制智能化武器裝備體系發展路線圖，按計劃、有重點、分步驟地研製高中低端、大中小型、遠中近程，覆蓋陸、海、空、天和網絡等空間領域，作戰與保障相配套的智能化無人作戰裝備體系，增強各軍兵種和作戰、保障等各種智能化武器裝備的體系融合度。與此同時，應著眼無人和反無人、智能與反智能作戰需要，注重研發反敵智能化無人作戰的武器裝備系統，確保能夠有效地與敵進行智能化無人攻防對抗。

創新智能化訓練。當前，智慧化作戰理念、作戰方式不斷更新，訓練模式由「機械+資訊」主導型向「智慧+」主導型轉變。人工智慧技術能夠創造出更「真實」的武器操作體驗和戰場環境，能夠逼真地演繹作戰進程、輔助決策指揮、評估作戰構想。探索智慧化訓練新模式，提升智慧化作戰能力，將成為未來練兵備戰的重要內容。特別是將智慧化戰爭和無人化作戰納入訓練大綱，常態化展開進行。

培養智能化人才。人才是第一資源。人工智慧人才的培養是加強國家智慧化基礎建設的根本。智慧化戰爭具有複雜性、超前性、類人化等特徵，存在作戰指揮去中心化、作戰過程去分工化、人才結構去分層化、技能操作高端化、工作方式研究化、前沿與後方模糊化等特點，相應也要求智慧化軍事人才具有人才群體性、技能精尖性、知識復合性、思維創新性、決策智能性等特點。因此，建設智慧化軍隊，打贏智慧化戰爭，首要是擁有一大批人工智慧領域的專門技術人才和指揮人才。

深化智能化融合。人工智慧核心關鍵技術的突破，是應對智慧化戰爭威脅和挑戰的「國之重器」。在智慧時代的浪潮中，要重點在以下顛覆性技術上取得融合突破：圍繞演算法支撐發展海量情報資訊智慧數據挖掘技術、智慧規劃技術；圍繞機器主戰發展智慧晶片技術、自主無人系統技術；圍繞智慧決策發展可解釋高可信賴輔助決策技術、人機互動與智慧融合技術；圍繞極限作戰發展智慧集群作戰協同技術、能量與資訊智慧對抗技術。因此，軍事智慧化核心關鍵技術的研發，不僅要開展跨學科、跨領域協作創新，還要使社會智能化與軍事智能化發展對接並軌，借鑒社會智能化發展的成熟技術和成功經驗，大力加強軍民融合深度發展，推動各類人工智慧技術快速嵌入作戰要素、作戰流程。

來源：解放軍報 作者：李明海 責任編輯：喬楠楠 2019-10-08 10:39:28

中國軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4852388.html

Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, Metaverse, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國的情報戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰, 中國軍隊聚焦認知域戰是主攻戰場對抗的新著力點, 認知域戰, 認知戰

China’s Military Metaverse: A New Frontier for Future Cognitive Warfare

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中國軍事元宇宙：未來認知戰爭的新領域

現代英語：

　●The essence of the metaverse is a highly developed virtual world that exists in parallel with the real world but also reacts to the real world.

　　●Parallel with the real world, reaction to the real world, and integration of multiple high technologies are the three major characteristics of the future metaverse.

　　●The metaverse provides a new way of thinking to understand and discover the operating behaviors, states and laws of complex real systems, as well as a new means to explore objective laws and transform nature and society.

　　● Strengthening the follow-up research on the role of the metaverse in cognitive warfare and highlighting the exploration of the mechanism of the role of the metaverse in cognitive warfare will help enrich and promote the construction of cognitive warfare theory.

　　The essence of the metaverse is a highly developed virtual world that exists in parallel with the real world but reacts to the real world. When virtual technologies such as digital, Internet, augmented reality and modern communications, blockchain, artificial intelligence and other technologies develop to a certain stage, the metaverse will emerge. Being parallel to the real world, reacting to the real world, and integrating multiple high technologies are the three major characteristics of the future metaverse. The operation of the metaverse conforms to the natural law of human understanding and transformation of the world. It directly acts on human thinking and cognition but is not bound by the essential attributes of thinking and cognition, which determines that it carries the operating laws of the real world, provides a new way of thinking to understand and discover the operating behavior, state and laws of complex systems in reality, and a new means to explore objective laws and transform nature and society. At the same time, it is itself a complex cognitive body, so it has immeasurable cognitive warfare application value.

　　The basic mechanism of cognitive warfare in the metaverse

　　The difference between the metaverse and other technologies is that it builds a complete digital world. Its operation is not supported by a single or a few technologies, but by a complex high-tech complex. This complex is built by humans, is a product of cognition, and continues to develop and evolve with the development of human cognitive practice. Its cognitive application has a unique regular mechanism.

　　System enhancement mechanism. The digital world constructed by the metaverse is itself a highly developed cognitive world. In this special cognitive world, technology not only exists as an additional role such as support and guarantee, but also directly participates in the shaping of cognition itself as a basic element of cognition. In other words, the technology that constitutes the metaverse itself has a distinct cognitive background, which not only supports the operation of cognition but also realizes the self-construction, revolution and transcendence of cognition; it not only provides a series of necessary technical services, but also creates a holographic technical soil for human cognition to operate independently and fight independently. The effect of the metaverse on cognition is not one-dimensional, but full-dimensional; not single-line, but full-system; not independent, but immersive; not fragmentary, but continuous; not cyclical, but full-life process. How far the thinking cognition develops, how far the metaverse develops, and thus it can shape people’s thinking cognition more comprehensively, deeply and lastingly. Therefore, humans have used high technology to create a complex system combining man and machine called “Avatar”, and have also created a life form on “Pandora” that can think independently, recognize itself, and think and act on its own. This life form, which was created by humans and is independent of humans, has achieved self-improvement and development in the new universe.

　　The mechanism of mutual construction of technology and knowledge. Unlike the one-way effect of individual technologies such as artificial intelligence and information networks on thinking and cognition, the metaverse provides a space for mutual construction of technology and cognition, and the effect and counter-effect. In this space, we can simulate, demonstrate, simulate, and verify the process and results of this two-way mutual construction and promotion, so as to understand cognition more accurately and efficiently, improve cognitive warfare methods, and directly engage in real cognitive confrontation. The metaverse provides a parallel cognitive space that digitally twins real combat scenes, where cognitive warfare can be promoted efficiently, enhanced at a fast pace, and presented in a panoramic manner. It is reported that the US military uses virtual technology to verify the performance of new weapons and equipment, test the effectiveness of the use of new tactics, and conduct combat simulation training, relying on the deployment of troops, combat terrain, human characteristics, and other scenes similar to actual combat constructed in virtual spaces such as the metaverse. At the same time, more and more countries and armies are conducting direct cognitive attacks and defenses with their opponents through virtual spaces, confusing their minds, misleading their directions, and eroding their will.

　　Active reflection mechanism. As a virtual existence parallel to the real world, the metaverse is not a simple digital copy of the three-dimensional space, but has its own operating rules and can actively act on the real world. This active action is the focus of the cognitive application of the metaverse. The metaverse space game reflects the characteristics of cognitive warfare. The war results deduced in the metaverse through virtual simulation may directly affect the real world, extending to the conscious cognitive game through sensory touch, thereby winning the dominant position in cognitive warfare. In the cognitive perspective, the metaverse is both a new cognitive space and the main battlefield of cognition, as well as an extended domain of cognition and a new cognitive component. At present, the military of many countries uses sandbox operations, war games and even computer simulations to formulate and test strategies and tactics, revise the application of tactics, improve training methods, and improve weapons and equipment. This is a typical example of the virtual world reacting to reality. With the continuous development and integration of the metaverse technology group, cognitive confrontation will inevitably shift more and faster from the real world to a hybrid world combining virtuality and reality.

　　The basic characteristics of cognitive warfare in the metaverse

　　Existence determines consciousness, and technology drives creation. The metaverse has many characteristics, such as parallelism with the real world, initiative in the real world, and comprehensiveness that integrates multiple technologies. These prominent characteristics determine the different characteristics and laws of its effects on thinking and cognition.

　　Cross-domain construction. The formation, development and evolution of cognition are rarely determined by a single factor, but are often the result of the combined effect of multiple factors. The metaverse originates from the real world and is presented in the virtual space. It has the characteristics of multi-domain interconnection that runs through the real and virtual worlds. As the saying goes, “a lot of gossip can melt gold, and accumulated criticism can destroy bones.” This cross-domain characteristic that spans different fields and opens up related spaces can best influence and shape people’s thinking and cognition from different angles. The most typical case is that game developers are increasingly focusing on using virtual stories based on historical facts and real feelings to attract and infect people. The United States has used this cross-domain shaped surreal “real” experience to spread values. At present, the most representative “metaverse” themed science fiction work is “Ready Player One” directed by Spielberg. The play focuses on depicting the era background of the birth of the “metaverse” and the huge contrast between the real status and virtual status of the protagonist. Through the plot and special effects shots, it delicately portrays the real sense of human participation, thereby spreading the American ideology, especially the values, that wealth, status, love and friendship can be obtained through “bloodless” struggle in the virtual world.

　　Integrated influence. The important fulcrums of cognitive warfare are strategy and technology. With the development of science and technology and the progress of society, the proportion of technology in cognitive warfare is increasing and its role is becoming more and more prominent. It can be said that cognitive warfare without scientific and technological support is a cognitive warfare without power, and cognitive warfare with advanced technology is more likely to win. As a complex system integrating multiple cutting-edge technologies, the metaverse has a natural advantage in the use of cognitive warfare. Many people, including adults, are deeply trapped in the virtual world and indulge in online games. It is very important that the virtual space gives game operators a super-time and space experience and a sense of achievement. If martial arts novels are fairy tales for adults, then the metaverse, which can be “as one pleases”, creates a super fairy tale world, which has an immeasurable impact on people’s thinking, cognition, value pursuit, moral concepts, emotional will, and behavior patterns.

　　Compromising influence. A big difference between the metaverse and other technical means is that it constructs a virtual world that originates from the real world but reacts to the real world. In this complex domain space, people’s thinking and cognition go back and forth between the real world and the virtual space, verify each other, repeatedly confirm, and constantly correct, thereby generating new thinking and cognition, and exerting a dynamic influence on both worlds. This two-way interactive compromising influence, on the one hand, is conducive to the formation and development of correct thinking and cognition, making the cognition of the real world more imaginative with the wings of the virtual world’s thoughts, and at the same time, it also makes the cognition of the virtual space find the material support of the real world and become more scientific. On the other hand, if it is not operated properly, it is likely to cause great safety hazards and ethical problems. In recent years, the U.S. military has relied on artificial intelligence and virtual technology to remotely control drones to attack opponents, which is a typical example of the virtual world reacting to the real world. This attack is far away from the tragic scene of face-to-face fighting, which greatly dilutes the drone operator’s awe of life and lowers the threshold for remotely controlling the opponent. At the same time, due to the imperfect reconnaissance and identification technology, incidents of accidental shooting, injury, and killing of civilians, friendly forces, and even their own troops often occur.

　　The basic style of cognitive warfare in the metaverse

　　Metaverse cognitive warfare is based on reality and leads future development. It involves both the virtual and real worlds, penetrates multiple fields, and covers a variety of technologies. There are many different combat styles, and there is great uncertainty, but there are rules to follow. Comprehensive analysis shows that there are three basic styles.

　　Platform confrontation. In terms of its relationship with human thinking and cognition, the metaverse itself is a complex cognitive actor, a derivative of human thinking and cognition, and an important component and platform of cognitive warfare. When hostile countries and armies regard the metaverse as an important position for cognitive warfare, cognitive offensive and defensive operations between different camps within the metaverse exist in reality. On this platform, all technologies, resources and forces of the metaverse are integrated and operated with thinking and cognition as the center. Metaverse operations are prominently manifested as cognitive offensive and defensive operations aimed at disrupting, delaying, blocking, destroying and eliminating the existence and operation of the opponent’s metaverse. In this field, whoever has higher-end strategic planning, more flexible tactical application, more advanced technical force and more solid material support will be able to gain the initiative in metaverse cognitive warfare.

　　System attack. The metaverse is a cognitive system composed of a series of cutting-edge technologies, and systemicity is its inherent attribute and vitality guarantee. Advanced technologies such as digital foundation, efficient communication, blockchain identity authentication, holographic AR imaging, artificial intelligence, and high-performance Internet constitute a unified body with tight structure, functional coupling, and complete system. The components are indispensable for the formation and development of thinking cognition and offensive and defensive confrontation. It is difficult to imagine that the metaverse still has the possibility of existence without the support of advanced technology groups such as high-level digitization, high-quality communication, and high-speed computing. Using superior forces to force or use asymmetric tactics to attack and block the key nodes and technological operation chains of the opponent’s metaverse system, hinder its operation, suppress its functions, and destroy its existence is an important style and efficient path of metaverse cognitive warfare.

　　Divert the flow. An important value and significance of the existence and development of the metaverse lies in serving and supporting the related activities of the real world. Under normal circumstances, the metaverse can demonstrate, display, review and predict the related activities of the real world in a digital form. Once the communication between the virtual and real worlds is disturbed or the self-operation of the metaverse is disordered, it is easy to cause the situation reflected to be untrue, the information analyzed to be distorted, the conclusions derived to be invalid, and the suggestions provided to be wrong, causing the related activities of the real world to deviate. It is based on this that we can concentrate our efforts on inducing attacks on the internal operation of the opponent’s metaverse or the communication technology devices of the two worlds, and use extremely confusing and deceptive information and scenes to divert the flow, confuse their cognition, interfere with their judgment, and mislead their decision-making. Therefore, we should strengthen the tracking research on the cognitive warfare of the role of the metaverse, highlight the exploration of the cognitive warfare mechanism of the role of the metaverse, and strengthen and promote the construction of cognitive warfare theory.

　　(Author’s unit: Military Political Work Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences)

國語中文：

●元宇宙本質是與現實世界平行存在但又反作用於現實世界的高度發展的虛擬世界。

●與現實世界平行、反作用於現實世界、多種高技術綜合，是未來元宇宙的三大特徵。

●元宇宙提供了理解和發現現實複雜系統運作行為、狀態和規律的全新思維方式，以及探知客觀規律、改造自然和社會的新手段。

●加強元宇宙作用認知戰追蹤研究，突顯元宇宙作用認知戰機理探索，將有助於豐富及促進認知戰理論建構。

元宇宙本質是與現實世界平行存在但又反作用於現實世界的高度發達的虛擬世界。當數位、網路、擴增實境等虛擬技術和現代通訊、區塊鏈、人工智慧等技術發展到一定階段，元宇宙就橫空出世。與現實世界平行、反作用於現實世界、多種高技術綜合，是未來元宇宙的三大特徵。元宇宙運作符合人類認識世界、改造世界的自然規律，其直接作用於人的思維認知但又不拘泥於思維認知的本質屬性，決定其本身承載了現實世界的運作規律，提供了理解和發現現實複雜系統運作行為、狀態和規律的全新思維方式和探知客觀規律、改造自然和社會的新手段，同時它本身就是一個複雜的認知體，因而具有不可估量的認知戰應用價值。

元宇宙作用認知戰的基本機理

元宇宙相對於其他技術的不同在於構築了一個完整的數位世界，支撐其運作的不是單一或幾個技術，而是一個複雜的高科技複合體。這個複合體是人構築的，是認知的產物並隨人類認知實踐的發展不斷發展演變，其認知運用具有獨特的規律機制。

體系增強機制。元宇宙構築的數位世界本身就是一個高度發展的認知世界，在這個特殊的認知世界裡，科技不僅以支撐和保障等附加角色存在，也直接作為認知的基本元素參與認知本身的塑造。也就是說構成元宇宙的技術本身俱有鮮明的認知底色，既支撐了認知的運作又實現了認知的自我建構、革命與超越；既提供了一系列必要的技術服務，又打造了一個人類認知自我運作、獨立作戰的全息技術土壤。元宇宙對認知的作用不是單向度的，而是全維度的；不是單線的，而是全系統的；不是獨立式的，而是沉浸型的；不是片段的，而是持續型的；不是周期階段型的，而是全壽命流程的。思維認知發展有多遠，元宇宙發展就有多遠，因而能夠更全面更深入、更持久地塑造人的思維認知。於是，人類既用高科技打造了「阿凡達」這個人機結合的複雜系統，同時也打造了一個在「潘朵拉星球」上能夠自主思維、自我認知、自行思想與行動的生命體，這個產生於人又獨立於人的生命體在新的宇宙空間中實現了自我完善與發展。

技知互構機理。與人工智慧、資訊網路等單一技術對思考認知的單向作用不同，元宇宙提供了一個技術與認知作用與反作用、影響與反影響的互構空間。在這個空間裡，我們能夠模擬、展示、模擬、驗證這種雙向互構共促的過程與結果，進而更加精準高效地認識認知、改進認知戰方式，同時也可以直接進行真刀真槍的認知對抗。元宇宙提供了一個將現實作戰場景數位孿生的平行認知空間，在這裡認知戰得以高效率推進、快節奏增強、全景式呈現。據悉，美軍將虛擬技術運用於新武器裝備性能驗證、新戰法運用效果檢驗及作戰模擬訓練等，依託的就是在元宇宙等虛擬空間中構建的兵力佈置、作戰地形、人文特徵等近似實戰的場景。同時，也有越來越多的國家和軍隊透過虛擬空間與對手進行直接的認知攻防，迷茫其心智，誤導其方向，銷蝕其意志。

能動反射機理。元宇宙作為與現實世界平行的虛擬存在，不是簡單地將三維空間數位化複製，而有著自身運行規則並能動作用於現實世界，這種能動作用即是元宇宙認知運用的著力點。元宇宙空間博弈體現認知戰特點，透過虛擬模擬在元宇宙中推演出的戰爭結果，可能直接作用於現實世界，透過感官觸覺延伸到意識認知的爭奪博弈，從而贏得認知戰主導權。在認知視域下，元宇宙既是認知的新空間也是認知的主戰場，既是認知的延伸域也是認知的新構件。目前，不少國家軍隊透過沙盤作業、兵棋推演甚至電腦模擬模擬來發展和檢驗戰略戰術、修訂戰法運用、完善訓練方法、改進武器裝備，就是虛擬世界反作用於現實的典型案例。隨著元宇宙技術群不斷發展融合，認知對抗必將更多、更快由現實世界向虛實結合的混合世界發展轉進。

元宇宙作用認知戰的基本特徵

存在決定意識，技術驅動創造。元宇宙具有與現實世界的平行性、對現實世界的能動性、融多種技術於一體的綜合性等諸多特徵。這些突出特徵，決定其作用於思考認知的不同特徵規律。

跨領域構塑。認知的形成發展演變很少由單一因素決定，往往是多種因素綜合作用的結果。元宇宙源自現實世界、呈現於虛擬空間，具有貫穿現實與虛擬的多域連結特徵。所謂“眾口鑠金，積毀銷骨”，這種跨越不同領域、打通關聯空間的跨域特質，最能從不同角度影響和塑造人的思維認知。最典型的案例就是遊戲開發商越來越注重用建立在歷史事實和現實感受基礎上的虛擬故事吸引人感染人。美國已將這種跨領域塑造的超現實「真實」體驗用於價值觀的傳播。目前最具代表性的「元宇宙」主題科幻作品是史匹柏導演的《頭號玩家》，該劇聚焦於描繪「元宇宙」誕生的時代背景及主角的現實地位與虛擬地位之間的巨大反差，透過故事情節和特效鏡頭細膩地刻畫人類的真實參與感，從而傳播在虛擬世界裡透過「不流血」的鬥爭也能獲得財富、地位、愛情和友誼的美式意識形態特別是價值觀。

融合式影響。認知戰運作依託的重要支點是謀略和技術，隨著科技的發展和社會的進步，技術之於認知戰構成所佔比重越來越大、作用越來越突出。可以說，缺乏科技支撐的認知戰是缺乏力量的認知戰，有先進科技加持的認知戰獲勝的可能性更大。元宇宙作為融多種前沿科技於一體的複雜系統，在認知戰運用上具有天然優勢。不少人包括成年人深陷虛擬世界、沉湎網路遊戲，很重要的是虛擬空間賦予遊戲操盤手的超時空體驗和成就快感。如果說武俠小說是成人的童話，那麼可以「隨心所欲」縱橫馳騁的元宇宙，則打造了一個超級童話世界，其對人的思維認知、價值追求、道德觀念、情感意志、行為模式等的影響不可限量。

折衝性浸染。元宇宙與其他技術手段的一個很大不同，在於其建構的是一個源自現實世界但又反作用於現實世界母體的虛擬世界。在這個複雜領域空間中，人的思維認知在現實世界與虛擬空間之間往來折衝、相互印證、反覆確認、不斷修正進而產生新的思考認知，並對兩個世界都產生施動性影響。這種雙向互動的折衝性浸染，一方面有利於正確思維認知的形成與發展，使現實世界的認知插上虛擬世界思想放飛的翅膀而更富想像力，同時也使虛擬空間的認知找到現實世界的物質支撐而更科學。另一方面如果操作不當，很可能產生極大的安全隱患和倫理問題。這些年美軍依賴人工智慧和虛擬技術遙控的無人機攻擊對手，就是虛擬世界反作用於現實世界的典型案例。這種攻擊因遠離面對面搏殺的慘烈現場，極大淡化了無人機操作員對生命的敬畏，降低了其遙控攻擊對手的門檻。同時，由於偵察辨識技術不完善，誤擊誤傷誤殺平民、友軍甚至自己軍隊的事時有發生。

元宇宙作用認知戰的基本樣式

元宇宙作用認知戰基於現實基礎、引領未來發展，涉及虛實兩界、貫通多個領域、涵蓋多種技術，作戰樣式多種多樣，有很大的不確定性，但並非無規律可循。綜合分析，基本樣式有以下三種。

平台對抗。元宇宙就其與人的思維認知的關係而言，本身就是一個複雜的認知行為體，是人類思維認知的衍生品，也是認知戰的重要構件和平台。當敵對國家和軍隊都將元宇宙視為認知戰的重要陣地時，元宇宙內部不同陣營間的認知攻防作戰就會現​​實存在。在這個平台上，元宇宙的一切技術、資源和力量都以思維認知為中心來整合運作。元宇宙作戰突顯為以擾亂、遲滯、阻擋、摧毀、消滅對手元宇宙存在和運作為目的的認知攻防作戰。在這個領域中，誰的戰略運籌更高端、戰術運用更靈活、技術力量更先進、物質支撐更堅實，誰就能取得元宇宙認知戰主動權。

體系破襲。元宇宙是由一系列前沿技術所構成的認知系統，而體系性則是其固有屬性和活力保證。數位基礎、高效通訊、區塊鏈身分認證、全像AR成像、人工智慧、高效能互聯網等先進科技，構成結構緊密、功能耦合、體系完整的統一體，其中構件對思維認知的形成發展與攻防對抗缺一不可。很難想像缺乏高階階數位化、高品質通聯、高速度計算等先進技術群的支撐，元宇宙還有存在的可能性。運用優勢力量高壓強製或以非對稱戰法攻擊和阻斷對手元宇宙體系的關鍵節點和科技運行鏈條，阻遏其運作、壓制其功能、摧毀其存在，是元宇宙認知戰的重要樣式和高效路徑。

曲嚮導流。元宇宙存在發展的一個重要價值和意義在於服務支持現實世界關聯活動。正常情況下，元宇宙能夠以數位形式全景展示、展示、複盤和預測現實世界的相關活動。一旦虛實兩個世界的通聯受擾受阻或元宇宙內部自運行失序，很容易導致其反映的情況失實、分析的信息失真、推導的結論失效、提供的建議失策，使現實世界的關聯活動跑偏走向。正是基於此，可集中力量對對手元宇宙內部運作或兩個世界的通聯技術裝置進行誘導攻擊，用極具迷惑性欺騙性的信息和場景曲嚮導流，迷茫其認知，幹擾其判斷，誤導其決策。因此，應加強元宇宙作用認知戰追蹤研究，突顯元宇宙作用認知戰機制探索，強化促進認知戰理論建構。

（作者單位：軍事科學院軍事政治工作研究院）

中國原創軍事資源：https://appapi.81.cn/v5/public/jfjbshare/?itemid=284_416888&type=3

China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Intelligent Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, National Defense and Military Modernization, Strategic Support Forces, 中國的情報戰, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 國家網絡空間安全戰略

Chinese Military Discussion on Integration of Intelligence into Military Command and Decision-making

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中國軍隊關於情報融入軍事指揮決策的探討

中國軍網 國防部網 // 2022年6月30日 星期四

現代英語：

With the widespread use of advanced technologies such as big data, neural networks, and cloud computing, artificial intelligence is driving the transformation of decision-making thinking, models, and methods with unprecedented power. Decisions based on intuition and experience in the era of small data will give way to decisions based on full sample data in the era of intelligence, and the latter will become a new paradigm for winning on the battlefield. Accelerating the integration of artificial intelligence into modern command decision-making and better realizing the complementary advantages of human brain thinking and machine computing can promote the overall improvement of the level of military command decision-making.

Clarify the advantages of intelligent integration

The intelligent nature of future wars will continue to increase, and it is necessary to make the best decision quickly according to the changes in the enemy situation, our situation and battlefield environment. Simple human brain decision-making is no longer able to adapt to the rhythm of modern warfare. It is necessary to actively use artificial intelligence to achieve rapid and efficient military command decision-making through human-machine collaboration and complementarity. Data-driven decision-making focuses on big data resources for data mining and comprehensive analysis, discovers data associations and unknown laws, and assists commanders in making decisions based on this. Autonomous decision-making relies on the big data analysis platform, combines perception, cognition and decision support, and accurately generates and optimizes decision-making plans on the basis of ensuring timeliness. Pre-practice decision-making, by using the decision simulation system, experiments, tests, demonstrates and optimizes the combat plan before the combat decision results are converted into combat actions, and extracts the best action plan. From this point of view, artificial intelligence will become the “all-source analyst” of the battlefield. With its powerful data and algorithm advantages, it will expand the commander’s breadth and depth of cognition of the battlefield, and can achieve more accurate situation perception, more reliable battle situation judgment, and faster command and control.

Focus on integrating quasi-intelligent

Algorithms, computing power and data are both the internal driving force and core support for the development of artificial intelligence, and should be integrated into the key links of the entire command and control process. We should enhance situational awareness and provide an intelligence basis for command decision-making. We should network and connect the perception systems in the multi-dimensional battlefield, use data mining, deep learning and other technologies to process and utilize a large number of heterogeneous data streams obtained from multiple sources, extract useful battlefield intelligence, and grasp the changes in battlefield situation, so as to achieve effective transformation from information advantage to decision-making advantage. We should strengthen cognitive decision-making capabilities and provide important support for command decision-making. We should focus on the objective reality that the battlefield situation is changing rapidly and the weight of the time factor is constantly increasing. Based on data information technology and artificial intelligence technology, we should organically combine new technologies, new tactics and experience decisions, so as to combine qualitative and quantitative analysis, improve the single-loop decision-making speed of our own OODA loop, expand the breadth of parallel decision-making, and seize cognitive initiative by using speed to defeat slowness, so as to form an effect similar to dimensionality reduction strike. We should optimize coordination and control capabilities and provide solid guarantees for command decision-making. We should use big data analysis technology to explore and compare anomalies in enemy data, quickly capture opportunities for enemy confusion, errors, weaknesses, etc., change the past command model of determining the next action based on the results of the action, adjust decisions in advance, dynamically deploy troops, simulate and measure the effects of actions, and coordinate and control troops to launch troop maneuvers.

Avoiding the risks and challenges of integrating intelligence

Artificial intelligence is susceptible to defective data input, and there are problems such as “garbage in, garbage out”. At the same time, the black box nature of artificial intelligence makes it difficult for people to understand why and how the machine makes decisions, and it is difficult to identify whether the data is damaged and produces wrong results. Therefore, we must work hard on the input end of artificial intelligence. Focus on the application scenarios of artificial intelligence, identify false, forged, and low-quality data, deeply explore data relationships, and improve the integrity of information required for decision-making. Remove the false and retain the true, and increase the accuracy of training data. We must work hard on the interactive end of human-machine collaboration. The biggest dilemma of human-machine collaborative decision-making lies in the interaction between people and machines. There is uncertainty in human-machine interaction, and poor information communication may produce unpredictable and inexplicable results. It is necessary to accelerate the development of intelligent human-machine communication models. We must work hard on the operation end of machine inference. The current “machine learning”, “supervised learning” and “reinforcement learning” have been realized, but we should continue to seek breakthroughs, fully absorb various technical means, optimize model design, and improve database construction. We must work hard on the distribution end of human-machine decision-making. The human brain and machines each have their own advantages. We should focus on strengthening artificial intelligence with “human participation”, reasonably define the level, scope and degree of integration of artificial intelligence into command decision-making, intervene in human brain judgment at critical times, and control the overall safety and reliability of human-machine collaboration.

Realize efficient and orderly integration of intelligence

At present, military intelligence, with intelligence as the core, informatization as the basis, and networking as the symbol, is developing rapidly. Major countries in the world are actively exploring the advantages of artificial intelligence, hoping to make faster and better military decisions than their opponents, while creating more decision-making dilemmas for their opponents. We must keep up with the world trend, focus on top-level design, fully understand and give play to the auxiliary support role of intelligent technology in command decision-making, explore the human-machine collaborative decision-making model that conforms to the characteristics of our army, and guide the construction of the command capability system. We must adhere to systematic guidance and optimize the structure to design the human-machine collaborative path. According to the decision-making purpose and capacity requirements of strategic, campaign, and tactical combat command, distinguish between command, control, communication and other task areas, take into account the respective advantages and characteristics of “man and unmanned”, fully demonstrate the adaptability of artificial intelligence in the field of military command decision-making and possible problems, and systematically design the fields, methods and integration degree of artificial intelligence integration. We must adhere to the division of labor principles of human-led, machine-assisted, learning from each other’s strengths and weaknesses, and coordinated cooperation, design our respective exploration boundaries, and realize the transformation from auxiliary decision-making to intelligent decision-making.

國語中文：

週國輝 劉文術 張 鑑

隨著大數據、神經網路、雲端運算等先進技術的廣泛運用，人工智慧正以前所未有的力量推動決策思維、模式和方法的變革。小數據時代基於直覺和經驗的決策將讓位給智慧化時代基於全樣本數據的決策，後者將成為主導戰場制勝的新典範。加速人工智慧融入現代指揮決策，更能實現人腦思維與機器運算的優勢互補，才能推動軍事指揮決策水準的整體提升。

釐清智能化融入的優勢所在

未來戰爭的智慧化屬性將持續增強，時刻需要根據敵情、我情和戰場環境的變化快速做出最優決策。單純的人腦決策已經難以適應現代戰爭節奏，需要積極借助人工智慧，透過人機協同互補，實現軍事指揮決策的快速且高效。資料驅動式決策，著眼於大數據資源進行資料探勘與綜合研析，從中發現資料關聯、未知規律並據此輔助指揮官進行決策。自主決策依託大數據分析平台，感知、認知和決策支援結合，在確保時效性基礎上，精確產生並優選決策方案。預先實踐式決策，透過利用決策模擬系統，在作戰決策結果未轉化為作戰行動之前，先對作戰方案進行實驗、檢驗、論證與最佳化，從中萃取最佳行動方案。由此觀之，人工智慧將成為戰場的“全源分析師”，以其強大的數據和演算法優勢，拓展指揮官對戰場的認知廣度和深度，可以實現更精準的態勢感知、更可信的戰局研判、更迅速的指揮控制。

把準智能化融入的重點指向

演算法、算力以及資料既是人工智慧發展的內在動力，也是核心支撐，應融入指揮控制整個流程的關鍵環節之中。要增強態勢感知能力，為指揮決策提供情報基礎。應網路化連接多維戰場中的感知系統，借助運用資料探勘、深度學習等技術，處理並利用多源獲取的大量異質資料流，提取戰場有用情報，掌握戰場態勢變化，以實現資訊優勢到決策優勢的有效轉化。要強化認知決斷能力，為指揮決策提供重要支撐。應著眼戰場情勢瞬息萬變，時間要素權重不斷上升的客觀實際，基於數據資訊技術與人工智慧技術，有機結合新技術、新戰法與經驗決策等，使定性與定量相結合，提升己方OODA環的單環決策速度，拓展並行決策廣度，透過以快製慢，奪取認知先手，以形成近似降維打擊的效果。要優化協調控制能力，為指揮決策提供堅實保障。應藉助大數據分析技術，挖掘比對敵情資料中的異常現象，迅速捕捉敵混亂、錯誤、弱點等戰機，改變過去根據行動結果確定下一步行動的指揮模式，預先調整決策，動態調配兵力，模擬、計算行動效果，協調控制部隊展開兵力機動。

規避智慧化融入的風險挑戰

人工智慧易受缺陷資料輸入的影響，存在「垃圾進、垃圾出」等問題。同時，人工智慧的黑盒子性質，使人很難理解機器為何以及如何做出決策，難以辨識數據是否因受到損害並產生錯誤結果的情況。因此，要在人工智慧的輸入端下功夫。著眼於人工智慧應用場景，辨識虛假、偽造、劣質數據，深度挖掘數據關係，提升決策所需資訊的完整性。去偽存真，增加訓練資料的準確性。要在人機協同的互動端下功夫。人機協同決策的最大困境在於人與機器之間的交互，人機互動存在不確定性，訊息溝通不暢，可能會產生無法預料和無法解釋的結果，必須加速開發人機交流智能化模式。要在機器推論的運轉端下功夫。目前的「機器學習」「監督學習」與「強化學習」等已實現，但應不斷尋求突破，充分吸收各類技術手段，優化模型設計，完善資料庫建置。要在人機決策的分配端下功夫。人腦與機器各有優長，應著重強化「有人參與」下的人工智慧，合理界定人工智慧融入指揮決策的層級、範圍和程度，關鍵時介入人腦判斷，整體把控住人機協作的安全性和可靠性。

實現智慧化融入的高效有序

目前，以智慧化為核心、資訊化為基礎、網路化為標誌的軍事智慧化發展迅猛，世界各主要國家積極發掘人工智慧優勢，希冀做出比對手更快、更好的軍事決策，同時給對手製造更多決策困境。我們必須緊跟世界潮流，聚焦頂層設計，充分認識並發揮智慧技術對指揮決策的輔助支援作用，探索符合我軍特色的人機協同決策模式，引導指揮能力體系建構。要堅持系統指導，優化結構設計人機協同路徑。依照戰略、戰役、戰術層級作戰指揮的決策主旨、容量要求，區分指揮、控制、通訊等任務領域，兼顧「有人、無人」各自的優勢特點，充分論證人工智慧在軍事指揮決策領域中應用的適應性及可能存在的問題，系統設計人工智慧融入的領域、方式和整合程度。要堅持人為主導、機器為輔、取長補短、協同配合的分工原則，設計各自的探觸邊界，實現從輔助決策轉向智慧決策的轉變。

中國軍事原文來源：https://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2022-06/30/content_318790.htm

Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事認知戰, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 國防和軍隊現代化建設, 域作战突出属性, 認知戰, 新軍事變革, 智慧戰爭, 解放軍展望未來戰爭發展, 認知域戰, 認知域戰, 認知戰, 軍事多域作戰, 軍事認知戰, 軍隊要突顯「高品質」、實現「提速」

Chinese Military Values Attack & Defense as the Important Focus of Combat in Cognitive Domain Operations

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中國軍隊把攻防當作認知域作戰作戰的重要著力點

現代英語翻譯：

Value attack and defense is an important way to conduct cognitive domain operations from a strategic level. Usually, value attack and defense is achieved by intervening in people’s thinking, beliefs, values, etc., in order to achieve the purpose of disintegrating the enemy’s consensus, destroying the enemy’s will, and then gaining comprehensive control over the battlefield. Accurately grasping the characteristics, mechanisms, and means of value attack and defense is crucial to gaining future cognitive domain combat advantages.

Characteristics of the cognitive domain of value attack and defense

Value attack and defense refers to the intervention and influence on relatively stable cognitive results by inducing deep logical thinking and value judgment changes of individuals or groups, in order to reconstruct people’s cognitive abilities such as will, thinking, psychology, and emotions. Value attack and defense mainly has the following characteristics:

Soft confrontation. Traditional warfare mainly relies on violent means to weaken and disintegrate the enemy’s military capabilities, and usually has a high intensity of war. Cognitive domain warfare will no longer be limited to hard confrontations such as siege and conquest, but will focus more on infiltration and counter-infiltration, attack and counter-attack, control and counter-control around value positions. By competing for the dominance of cognitive domain confrontation, the combat effectiveness of the physical domain and information domain will be further stimulated, thereby seizing the initiative on the battlefield and even achieving the effect of defeating the enemy without fighting. In practice, value offense and defense often focus on the cultural traditions, values ​​and social psychology of a country or nation, and ultimately achieve the purpose of destroying the enemy’s will, cognitive manipulation, and mental control.

Full-dimensional release. Modern warfare is increasingly characterized by being holistic, multi-domain, and all-time. Cognitive domain warfare aims to influence battlefield effects by intervening in human consciousness, and the relative stability of consciousness determines that people’s worldviews, beliefs, and other values ​​are generally relatively stable. Therefore, value offense and defense need to be carried out in a long-term, uninterrupted, holographic, and full-dimensional manner. From a temporal perspective, value offense and defense blurs the boundaries between peace and war, and is always at war, constantly accumulating and gradually releasing combat effectiveness; from a spatial perspective, value offense and defense blurs the boundaries between the front and rear of combat, and is carried out in all directions in tangible and intangible spaces; from a field perspective, value offense and defense blurs the boundaries between military and non-military, and occurs not only in the military field, but also in the political, economic, diplomatic, and cultural fields, showing the characteristics of full-domain coverage.

Empowered by science and technology. Cognitive domain warfare is a technology-intensive and complex system engineering. The full-process penetration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, brain science, and quantum computing is triggering iterative upgrades and profound changes in cognitive domain warfare. Intelligent tools fundamentally enhance the ability of cognitive domain combatants to manipulate and interfere with the opponent’s thinking. Human-machine hybrid as a new means and new style of combat power will change the main body of future wars. Autonomous confrontation and cloud brain victory may become the mainstream attack and defense mode. In recent years, NATO has launched cognitive electronic warfare equipment aimed at changing the opponent’s value cognition and behavior through information attack and defense. Technological development has also triggered a cognitive revolution. The rapid spread of information has further accelerated the differences in public value cognition. Cognitive islands have exacerbated the value gap between different subjects. The social structure changes brought about by intelligence are profoundly changing the political and cultural pattern. From this point of view, in future cognitive domain warfare, it is crucial to grasp the “bull’s nose” of scientific and technological innovation and master key core technologies to seize the initiative on the battlefield.

The mechanism of cognitive domain of value attack and defense

Value attack and defense is a high-level confrontation in cognitive domain operations, and the target of action is people’s deep cognition. Consciousness is the reflection of social existence in the brain. The regulation of social existence, the guidance of public consciousness and the change of human brain function can strengthen or reverse human consciousness. If you want to win the opponent in the attack and defense confrontation, you must follow the laws of thinking and cognition and grasp the winning mechanism of value attack and defense.

Impacting the value “protection zone”. Occupying the commanding heights of values ​​is the logical starting point for conducting value offense and defense. Social consciousness is often composed of relatively stable core values ​​and peripheral auxiliary theories. Various theories such as economy, politics, religion, and culture can be constructed and adapted to protect core values ​​from external shocks, and therefore also bear the impact and challenge of other values. In the eyes of foreign militaries, value offense and defense is to continuously impact the “protection zone” of the opponent’s ideology through cultural infiltration, religious conflict, strategic communication and other means, in conjunction with actions in the physical and information domains. This often requires seizing the values, political attitudes, religious beliefs, etc. that affect the opponent’s cognition, disrupting their social group psychology, inducing value confusion, shaking their will to fight, destroying cultural identity, and even changing and disintegrating their original cognitive system, so as to instill or implant new values ​​that are beneficial to themselves in order to achieve combat objectives.

Ignite the “trigger point” of conflict. Cognitive domain warfare involves multiple categories such as history and culture, political system, national sentiment, and religious beliefs. The main body of the war has also expanded from simple military personnel to ordinary people. It will become an important means of cognitive domain warfare to stimulate cognitive conflicts among ordinary people by hyping up topic disputes and public events. In recent local conflicts, it is not uncommon for the warring parties to ignite national sentiments through purposeful narratives, trigger political crises and thus affect the war situation. In future wars, some countries will use hot and sensitive events to detonate public opinion, rely on network technology to gather, absorb, mobilize, accurately manipulate and induce ordinary people, thereby promoting general conflicts to rise to disputes of beliefs, disputes of systems, and disputes of values. It will become the norm.

Control the cognitive “fracture surface”. Cognitive space, as an existence at the conceptual level, is composed of the superposition of the subjective cognitive spaces of all combat individuals. It is a collection of differentiated, differentiated, and even conflicting values. However, ideology has a “suturing” function. Through cognitive shaping and discourse construction, it can effectively “suturing” the broken cognition, condense the scattered values, and form a relatively stable cognitive system. After World War II, France had carried out effective cognitive “suturing” on the trauma of defeat. It used a whole set of independent narrative logic to explain how the war provided France with “new opportunities”, which greatly condensed the political identity of the French people with the government. In the battle for value positions in cognitive domain operations, we should focus on the cognitive fracture surface within the enemy, find the cognitive connection points between the enemy and us, and “suturing” the cognition, so as to unite the forces of all parties to the greatest extent and isolate and disintegrate the enemy.

The main means of cognitive domain in value attack and defense

Value attack and defense expands cognitive confrontation from public opinion, psychology and other levels to thinking space, and from the military field to the overall domain, thus achieving a blow to the enemy’s deep political identity. At present, the world’s military powers are strengthening strategic pre-positioning, aiming at the profound changes in target subjects and tactics, changing combat thinking, and actively controlling the initiative of cognitive domain operations.

Aiming at deep destruction. Cognitive domain warfare directly affects people’s brain cognition, and is easier to achieve deep strategic intentions than physical domain warfare. In particular, once the “high-level cognition” of people’s language level, thinking level, and cultural level is broken through, it will help to strategically reverse the battlefield situation and achieve the political purpose of the war. Based on this, cognitive domain warfare often begins before the war, by intervening in the opponent’s internal and foreign affairs, shaking its ideological and value foundations, etc.; during war, it focuses on influencing the enemy’s war decision-making, campaign command, and combat implementation. The value judgment, attack or weaken the decision-making ability and resistance will of combatants, etc. All hostile parties try to “maintain their own world while increasing the destructive pressure of the opponent” in order to achieve decision-making advantages by competing for cognitive advantages, and then achieve the goal of action advantages.

Centered on ordinary individuals. In the future, the subjects of cognitive domain operations will no longer be limited to military personnel. Broadly speaking, individuals who can communicate and disseminate information may become participating forces. Compared with elites in the social field, ordinary people are more likely to accept and disseminate diverse values, and their cognitive space is more likely to be manipulated. At present, online media is becoming the main channel for information exchange and dissemination in the social field, and the purpose of cognitive shaping can be achieved through targeted information guidance and information delivery. Foreign military practices have proved that with the help of cognitive shaping of ordinary individuals, progressive infiltration and cognitive interference can be caused from bottom to top, causing a deviation in the consciousness and ideas between ordinary people and social decision-makers, and failing to reach an effective consensus in key actions.

In the form of protracted warfare. Unlike the direct attack and destruction of “hard” targets in the physical domain military struggle, the potential target of cognitive domain warfare is human cognition. The value attack and defense is aimed at changing the concepts, beliefs, will, emotions, etc. of the combat targets, which often requires subtle influence and step-by-step operations. Effective cognitive offense is generally launched in the combat preparation stage and runs through the entire war. By collecting the opponent’s cognitive situation, decision-making habits, thinking patterns, etc., targeted actions such as creating a situation and changing the atmosphere are carried out. Therefore, cognitive domain warfare needs to strengthen the overall design, especially focusing on coordinating multiple forces, and strengthening pre-positioned preparations in multiple positions such as public opinion field creation and diplomacy, so as to form an overall combat force.

現代國語：

價值攻防是從戰略層面進行認知域作戰的重要方式，通常價值攻防是透過幹預人的思維、信念、價值觀等，以達成瓦解敵方共識，摧毀敵方意志，進而掌控戰場綜合控制權的目的。精確掌握價值攻防的特性、機制、手段，對奪取未來認知域作戰優勢至關重要。

價值攻防作用認知域的特點

價值攻防是指透過引發個體或群體的深層邏輯思辨、價值判斷改變，完成其對相對穩定的認知結果的干預和影響，以期重構人的意志、思維、心理、情感等認知能力。價值攻防主要有以下幾個特點：

軟性對抗。傳統戰爭主要依賴暴力手段來削弱瓦解敵方的軍事能力，通常具有較強的戰爭強度。認知域作戰將不再侷限於攻城略地等硬性對抗，而更著重於圍繞價值陣地展開滲透與逆滲透、攻擊與反攻擊、控制與反控制，透過爭奪認知域對抗的主導權，進一步激發物理域和資訊域的作戰效能，從而奪取戰場主動，甚至達到不戰而屈人之兵的效果。在實踐中，價值攻防往往著眼於一個國家、民族的文化傳統、價值觀念和社會心理展開，最終達到對敵方意志摧毀、認知操縱、精神控制的目的。

全維度釋放。現代戰爭日益呈現總體性、多域性、全時性特徵。認知域作戰旨在透過幹預人的意識進而影響戰場效果，而意識的相對穩定決定了人的世界觀、信仰等價值觀念一般情況下往往較為穩固，因此價值攻防需要長期的、不間斷的、全息全維度地進行。從時間上看，價值攻防模糊了平戰邊界，常態在戰、隨時在戰，持續積累、逐步釋放作戰效能；從空間上看，價值攻防模糊了作戰前後方界限，在有形空間與無形空間全方位展開；從領域上看，價值攻防模糊了軍事與非軍事的界限，不僅發生在軍事領域，也存在於政治、經濟、外交、文化等領域，呈現出全局覆蓋的特徵。

科技賦能。認知域作戰是一項技術密集的複雜系統工程。人工智慧、腦科學、量子運算等新興技術手段全流程滲透，正在引發認知域作戰的迭代升級與深刻變革。智慧化工具從根本上增強了認知域作戰人員操縱對手思想和乾預對手思維的能力，人機混合作為作戰力量新手段新樣式將改變未來戰爭主體，自主對抗、雲腦制勝或成為主流攻防模式。近年來，北約推出的認知電子戰設備，旨在透過資訊攻防來改變對手價值認知及行為。科技發展也引發了認知革命，資訊的快速傳播進一步加速了大眾價值認知差異，認知孤島加劇了不同主體之間的價值鴻溝，智能化帶來的社會結構變遷則深刻改變著政治文化格局。從這點出發，在未來認知域作戰中，牽住科技創新的“牛鼻子”，掌握關鍵核心技術，對於奪取戰場主動至關重要。

價值攻防作用認知域的機理

價值攻防是認知域作戰的高階對抗，作用對象指向的是人的深層認知。意識是社會存在在大腦中的反映，對社會存在的調節、對大眾意識的引導和人腦作用的改變，都能強化或扭轉人的意識。要在攻防對抗中製勝對手，就要遵循思考認知規律，掌握價值攻防制勝機理。

衝擊價值「保護帶」。佔領價值制高點是開展價值攻防的邏輯起點。社會意識往往由相對穩定的核心價值觀念和外圍的輔助性理論所構成，經濟、政治、宗教、文化等各種理論都能被建構調適以用來保護核心價值觀念免受外來衝擊，因此也承受著其他價值觀的衝擊挑戰。在外軍看來，價值攻防就是要透過文化滲透、宗教衝突、戰略傳播等手段，配合物理域和資訊域的行動，不斷衝擊對手意識形態的「保護帶」領域。這往往需要抓住影響對手認知的價值觀念、政治態度、宗教信仰等，透過擾亂其社會群體心理，誘發價值困惑，動搖作戰意志，摧毀文化認同，甚至改變瓦解其原有的認知體系，從而灌輸或植入新的、於己有利的價值觀念，以實現作戰目的。

點燃衝突“引爆點”。認知域作戰涉及歷史文化、政治制度、民族情感、宗教信仰等多個範疇，戰爭主體也從單純軍事人員拓展到一般民眾。透過炒作話題爭端、公共事件，激發一般民眾的認知衝突，將成為認知領域作戰的重要手段。在近幾場局部衝突中，交戰各方透過有目的性的敘事點燃國家民族情緒，引發政治危機進而影響戰局已屢見不鮮。未來戰爭，一些國家利用熱點敏感事件引爆輿論，依托網路技術對一般民眾進行聚攏吸附、煽動動員、精準操控和誘導塑造，從而推動一般性衝突上升為信仰之爭、制度之爭、價值之爭將成為常態。

控制認知「斷裂面」。認知空間作為觀念層面的存在，由全部作戰個體的主觀認知空間疊加而成，是分化的、差異性的乃至衝突性的價值集合體。然而，意識形態具有「縫合」功能，透過認知塑造、話語建構，可以把斷裂的認知有效地「縫合」起來，把分散的價值凝聚起來，形成相對穩固的認知體系。二戰後法國對戰敗創傷曾進行過有效的認知“縫合”，其運用一整套獨立敘事邏輯，闡述戰爭如何為法國提供了“新的機會”，極大地凝聚了法國人民對政府的政治認同。在認知域作戰中開展價值陣地爭奪，應注重敵方內部的認知斷裂面，尋找敵我之間的認知連接點進行認知“縫合”，最大限度地團結各方力量，孤立瓦解敵人。

價值攻防作用認知域的主要手段

價值攻防使認知對抗從輿論、心理等層面拓展到思維空間，從軍事領域拓展到整體全局，從而實現了對敵方深層的政治認同的打擊。當前世界軍事強國都在加強戰略預置，瞄準目標主體、戰法手段的深刻變化，變革作戰思維，積極掌控認知域作戰的主動權。

以深層摧毀為目標。認知域作戰直接作用於人的大腦認知，相較於物理域作戰，更容易實現深層的戰略意圖。特別是人的語言層級、思維層級和文化層級的「高階認知」一旦被突破，有助於從戰略上扭轉戰場態勢，實現戰爭的政治目的。基於此，認知域作戰往往始於未戰，透過幹預對手內政外交，動搖其意識形態和價值觀基礎等；戰時則注重影響敵方戰爭決策、戰役指揮、戰鬥實施的價值判斷，打擊或削弱作戰人員的決策能力和抵抗意誌等。敵對各方都試圖做到“維繫自己的世界，同時增加對手的破壞性壓力”，以通過爭奪認知優勢實現決策優勢，進而取得行動優勢的目標。

以普通個體為中心。未來認知域作戰的主體將不再局限於軍事人員，廣義上講，可以進行資訊交流傳播的個體都可能成為參戰力量。相較於社會領域的精英，一般民眾更容易接受和傳播多元價值，其認知空間被操縱的機率更大。目前，網路媒體正成為社會領域資訊交流傳播的主要管道，透過有針對性的訊息引導、訊息傳遞，進而達到認知塑造的目的。外軍實踐證明，借助對一般個體的認知塑造，可以造成從下到上的遞進滲透和認知幹擾，使一般民眾與社會決策層之間的意識觀念產生背離，在關鍵行動中無法達成有效共識。

以持久作戰為形式。與物理域軍事鬥爭直接打擊摧毀「硬」目標不同，認知域作戰的潛在目標為人的認知，價值攻防指向的是改變作戰對象的觀念、信念、意志、情感等，往往需要潛移默化、步步為營。有效的認知進攻一般在作戰準備階段就發起，並貫穿戰爭始末，透過收集對手的認知態勢、決策習慣、思考模式等情況，有針對性地進行營造態勢、改變氛圍等行動。因此，認知域作戰更需要加強整體設計，尤其要注重協調多方力量，在輿論場營造、外交等多個陣地多點強化預置準備，進而形成整體作戰合力。

中國軍事資源：https://www.163.com/dy/article/HDOT8JIM0511DV4H888.html

China National Cyber Security Strategy, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊聚焦認知域戰是主攻戰場對抗的新著力點, 國家網絡空間安全戰略

Chinese Military Focusing on Future Wars and Fighting the “Five Battles” of Cognition

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中國軍隊聚焦未來戰爭打好認知“五場戰役”

外國現代英文音譯：

Most of the local wars and armed conflicts in recent years have been “hybrid” confrontations carried out in multiple dimensions and fields, emphasizing the use of military, political, economic and other means to implement systematic control in the dimension of comprehensive decision-making, creating all kinds of chaos in the dimension of international communication, and creating various chaos in the dimension of international communication. Conduct targeted strikes in the strategic focus dimension, actively shape the battlefield situation, and seek to seize the strategic initiative. In future wars, in order to successfully fight political and military battles and military and political battles, we should deeply grasp the characteristics and laws of offensive and defensive operations in the cognitive domain and improve our ability to fight the “five battles” well.

Be proactive in cognitive operations, shape the situation and control the situation, and fight proactively. Before the war begins, cognition comes first. With the continuous development and evolution of war forms, the status and role of cognitive domain operations continue to be highlighted. Aiming to win future wars, cognitive deployment should be carried out in advance. Through strategies, information, technology and other means and carriers, the physiological, psychological, values ​​and other cognitive factors of target objects should be affected, intervened and manipulated, and cognitive attack and defense should be used to cover military operations and accurately Efficiently dominate cognitive space. Fully understand the importance of being first, grasp the definition and interpretation power of “narrative” flexibly and autonomously, emphasize pre-emption to win the initiative in the cognitive narrative struggle dimension, create a favorable situation in which legal principles are in hand and morality is on our side, and occupy the moral commanding heights.

Cognitive operations focus on attacking the heart, and implement layered strategies to fight precise battles. “Those who are good at fighting will benefit others without killing them.” In future wars, the combat space will extend to the deep sea, deep space, deep network and other fields, and the battlefield space and time will present the characteristics of being extremely far, extremely small, extremely intelligent and uninhabited, invisible, and silent. We should keep a close eye on cognitive gaps to improve effectiveness, and use methods such as big data simulation, artificial intelligence matching, and psychological model evaluation to analyze and control the key information of cognitive subjects to achieve effective penetration and early deterrence of cognitive subject information. Closely focus on cognitive blind spots to enhance penetration, target the ideological consensus points, psychological connection points, and spiritual pillar points that maintain the unity of powerful enemy alliances to carry out effective strikes, and use their cognitive differences and interest conflicts to achieve differentiation and disintegration at all levels.

Based on cognitive combat strategies, we must penetrate the entire territory and fight for deterrence and control. In future wars, the strategic competition and tactical confrontation between the two warring parties will be extremely fierce. We should pay close attention to the decision-making process and make comprehensive efforts to increase the opponent’s decision-making dilemma and form our own decision-making advantages. On the one hand, we must pay more attention to key nodes such as the enemy’s decision-making center, command hub, reconnaissance and early warning system, and use advanced strike methods to physically destroy these nodes. On the other hand, we must pay more attention to the “soft kill” effects of cognitive shaping, cognitive induction, cognitive intervention and cognitive control, and embed cognitive domain operations into “hard destruction”, which not only creates a strong deterrent through precise strikes with high-tech weapons, but also integrates new qualities The combat power is expanded to the cognitive dimension, thus forming an asymmetric check and balance advantage.

Cognitive combat information is king, expand the field and fight for support. Future wars cannot be separated from strong information support, and system integration should be accelerated to gain data advantages. First of all, speed up the construction of cognitive offensive and defensive operations theory library, database, talent library, case library, and tactics library, dynamically collect and update the current status of the enemy’s cognitive offensive and defensive operations capabilities, and provide all-round support for cognitive offensive and defensive operations. Secondly, speed up the creation of the integrated media communication matrix, improve the self-owned platform system, speed up the deployment of network platforms, focus on system integration and collaboration, break down the “barriers” of information interconnection as soon as possible, and achieve cognitive integration and sharing, and comprehensive results. Thirdly, accelerate the coupling and linkage of information and cognitive domain operations, vigorously develop core technologies such as neural network systems, artificial intelligence applications, cognitive decision-making, psychological attack and defense, mine and analyze cross-domain and heterogeneous cognitive information, and improve the information fusion system of cognitive means to win the future. War provides “clairvoyance” and “early ears”.

Cognitive combat coordination is the key, and multi-dimensional efforts are used to fight the overall battle. Future wars are joint operations carried out in land, sea, air, space, network, electromagnetic and other fields. System thinking should be adhered to, the awareness of collaboration should be strengthened, and the compatibility and coordination of cognitive domain operations and other military operations should be improved. For example, it can integrate human intelligence, geographical intelligence, open source intelligence, etc., quickly collect and process massive data, remove falsehoods while retaining truth, seize cognitive space accurately and efficiently, achieve complementary advantages, and form cognitive advantages through full domain coverage. By networking dispersed multi-domain forces, we can establish an all-domain joint force with high connectivity, collective action, and overall attack to achieve the effect of “integrated deterrence.” By integrating national resources, strengthening strategic communication, using cognitive momentum to amplify the effects of political disruption, economic sanctions, and diplomatic offensives, and cooperating with military operations to put pressure on target targets in an all-round way, we strive to defeat the enemy without fighting.

(Author’s unit: University of Aerospace Engineering)

繁體中文國語：

近年來的局部戰爭和武裝衝突大多是多維度、多領域開展的「混合型」對抗，強調運用軍事、政治、經濟等手段在綜合決策維度實施系統控制，在國際交往的維度上製造各種混亂，在國際交往的維度上製造各種混亂。 戰略重點維度精準打擊，主動塑造戰場態勢，尋求奪取戰略主動權。 在未來戰爭中，要打好政治軍事鬥爭、軍事政治鬥爭，就必須深刻掌​​握認知域攻防作戰的特徵和規律，提升打好「五個戰役」的能力。

認知作戰主動出擊，塑造局勢、掌控局面，主動出擊。 在戰爭開始之前，認​​知是第一位的。 隨著戰爭形式的不斷發展與演變，認知域作戰的地位與角色不斷凸顯。 為了贏得未來戰爭，必須事先進行認知部署。 透過策略、資訊、技術等手段和載​​體，對目標對象的生理、心理、價值觀等認知因素進行影響、介入和操控，以認知攻防覆蓋軍事行動，精準高效主導認知空間。 充分認識先行的重要性，靈活自主地掌握「敘事」的定義和解釋權，強調先發制人，贏得認知敘事鬥爭維度的主動權，營造法理在手、道德在手的良好局面就在我們這邊，佔據道德高點。

認知作戰重在攻心，實施分層策略打精準戰。 “善戰者，利人而不害人。” 未來戰爭，作戰空間將延伸至深海、深空、深網等領域，戰場時空將呈現極遠、極小、極智、無人、隱形、無聲的特徵。 資訊. 緊緊圍繞認知盲點增強穿透力，針對維護強敵聯盟團結的思想共識點、心理連接點、精神支柱點進行有效打擊，利用其認知差異和利益衝突實現差異化和戰略性打擊。各個層面的瓦解。

基於認知作戰策略，我們必須滲透全境，爭取威懾和控制。 未來戰爭中，交戰雙方的戰略競爭和戰術對抗將會異常激烈。 要密切注意決策過程，綜合發力，增加對手決策困境，形成自己的決策優勢。 一方面，要更重視敵方決策中心、指揮樞紐、偵察預警系統等關鍵節點，採用先進打擊手段對這些節點進行物理摧毀。 另一方面，要更重視認知塑造、認知誘導、認知介入、認知控制的「軟殺傷」作用，將認知域作戰嵌入「硬殺傷」中，不僅透過精準打擊形成強大威懾。以高科技武器打擊的同時，也將新素質的戰鬥力擴展到認知維度，進而形成非對稱制衡優勢。

認知作戰資訊為王，拓展領域，爭取支援。 未來戰爭離不開強大的資訊支撐，應加快系統整合以獲得數據優勢。 首先，加速認知攻防作戰理論庫、資料庫、人才庫、案例庫、戰術庫建設，動態收集和更新敵方認知攻防作戰能力現狀，提供全方位對認知進攻和防禦行動的全面支持。 二是加快打造綜合媒體傳播矩陣，完善自有平台體系，加速網路平台部署，聚焦系統

各方融合協作，盡快打破資訊互聯互通的“壁壘”，實現認知融合共享、綜合成果。 第三是加速資訊與認知域運算耦合連結，大力發展神經網路系統、人工智慧應用、認知決策、心理攻防等核心技術，挖掘分析跨領域、異質認知訊息，完善認知手段資訊融合體系，贏得未來。 戰爭提供了「千里眼」和「早耳」。

認知作戰協同是關鍵，多維度發力打好整體戰。 未來戰爭是在陸、海、空、太空、網路、電磁等領域進行聯合作戰。 要堅持系統思維，強化協同意識，提高認知域作戰與其他軍事行動的兼容性和協調性。 例如，可以融合人類智慧、地理智慧、開源智慧等，快速擷取處理大量數據，去偽存真，精準高效搶佔認知空間，實現優勢互補，透過全域形成認知優勢覆蓋範圍。 透過將分散的多域力量聯網，建立高度連結、集體行動、整體出擊的全局聯合部隊，達到「一體化威懾」的效果。 透過整合國家資源，加強戰略溝通，利用認知動能放大政治擾亂、經濟制裁、外交攻勢的效果，配合軍事行動，全方位對目標對象施壓，力爭戰勝敵人不戰而屈人之兵。

（作者單位：航太工程大學）

來源：解放軍報 作者：楊龍喜 編輯：王峰 2022-10-08