中國將加快提升新型作戰能力
現代英語：
New-type combat capabilities are a completely new type of combat capability formed based on emerging technologies and operational concepts. With the rapid development of technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, new types of combat forces are emerging in endless succession, growing rapidly in scale, and being widely and diversely applied, directly affecting and determining the quality and effectiveness of the generation of new-type combat capabilities. Understanding the inherent characteristics of new-type combat capabilities, grasping their generation mechanisms, and clarifying their development requirements are of great significance for accelerating the improvement of the construction level of new-type combat capabilities and ensuring that we can seize the initiative and gain the upper hand in future wars.
Recognizing the intrinsic characteristics of high-quality combat capability
New-type combat capabilities are a product of the development of warfare and technological progress. They aim for high efficiency and high quality, with technological innovation as their internal engine and leading lever. They are a new type of capability that drives and leverages the leapfrog development of all elements of advanced combat capabilities.
Strengthening the system. New-type combat capability is a new type of combat capability generated by changes in the constituent elements of combat capability. Driven by intelligent technology, the constituent elements of new-type combat capability are constantly expanding, including not only traditional elements but also new elements such as information networks, data resources, and intelligent algorithms. The generation of new-type combat capability has expanded from the traditional approach of improving the performance of individual weapon and equipment platforms through the input of human and material resources to the methods of self-overlapping or mutual overlapping of new and traditional elements, and new elements empowering traditional elements, bringing about a fusion transformation of the entire combat system. This “system empowerment” leads to qualitative changes in the quality, scale, and function of “lethality.”
Deepening human-computer interaction. The means, methods, and effects of combining humans with weaponry directly affect the quality and effectiveness of combat capability formation. Developing new types of combat capabilities can guide the optimal combination of humans and weaponry, and this combination, in turn, accelerates the development of new types of combat capabilities. With the deepening application of technologies such as large-scale models and parallel simulations, decision support systems are becoming more intelligent, weaponry performance is becoming more advanced, and human-computer interaction is becoming more convenient and efficient. Through high-intensity simulated training and combat-oriented exercises, the collaborative combat capability between humans and weaponry will be greatly enhanced, providing a driving force for the incubation of new types of combat capabilities.
Multi-dimensional Expansion. New-type combat capabilities are breaking through traditional land, sea, and air combat domains, continuously expanding into the far seas, polar regions, cyberspace, and electromagnetic domains, and deeply integrating from the purely physical domain to the physical and information domains. Through cross-domain interaction, various resources and potentials are transformed into real capabilities, aggregating combat energy from different dimensions to form a coordinated, powerful, and complementary combat system, amplifying the multiplier effect of new-type combat capabilities. Recent local wars around the world demonstrate that new-type combat forces, represented by strategic early warning, information control, algorithmic attack and defense, and unmanned intelligence, are showing tremendous power on the modern battlefield.
Grasp the mechanism of new combat capability generation
The mechanism for generating new-type combat power is to solidify the foundation of combat power through revolutionary enhancement of basic element capabilities, to connect the combat power release chain through cross-domain integration of new elements, and to promote the emergence of combat power through networked and innovative configuration of all elements, thereby achieving a significant improvement in all-element combat power.
Revolutionary enhancements to fundamental capabilities are crucial for building a solid foundation for new-type combat power. People, weaponry, and the integration of people and weaponry are the three basic elements constituting combat power. Under new historical conditions, revolutionary enhancements to these fundamental capabilities are a vital foundation for forming new-type combat power. People are the most active and dynamic element of combat power. Currently, officers and soldiers possess diverse knowledge structures, strong learning and acceptance abilities, higher levels of thinking, more refined professional skills, and stronger innovation capabilities, making them the creators driving the generation of new-type combat power. Weaponry is the material carrier of new-type combat power. With the development of advanced military technologies, the emergence of various new types of weaponry, such as ultra-long-range, precision, intelligent, and stealthy weapons, forms the hardware foundation for generating new-type combat power. The integration of people and weaponry is the engine driving the generation of combat power. In intelligent warfare, weapons and equipment are not only tools in the hands of military personnel, but also an integral part of military personnel. Under a more scientific system and organizational structure, more precise management and support, and more advanced command and control, combat effectiveness is enhanced through human-machine interaction, human-machine collaboration, and human-machine integration.
By integrating new elements across domains, we can connect the chains for releasing new combat capabilities. The characteristics of generating and releasing new combat capabilities are the seamless and rapid integration of these chains. Promoting the comprehensive release of new combat capabilities requires focusing on new combat capability elements and new combat forces, accelerating the closure of single chains such as intelligence chains, command chains, lethality chains, and support chains, and the integration of multiple chains. On the one hand, new elements drive the high-quality closure of single chains. New elements such as data, algorithms, and networks are integrated into traditional combat chains. Through organic combination with traditional combat forces and elements, they optimize chain construction, resource allocation, and capability matching, shortening chain closure time and improving chain operational efficiency, thus providing new growth points for the generation of new combat capabilities. On the other hand, new force elements expand the hinges of multi-link collaborative systems. By using new force elements to remove bottlenecks in multi-link connections and increase the number of nodes for multi-link integration, various resources and potentials can be connected through cross-domain link closures. This aggregates the operational energy advantages of different dimensions, creating a joint combat system with interconnected, networked, deeply hinged, and collaboratively operating multi-link systems, thereby promoting the full release of new combat capabilities.
Achieving a new type of combat capability network through innovative configuration of all elements. The generation and development of new-type combat capabilities involves multiple aspects, including technological innovation, theoretical innovation, and institutional and mechanism innovation. To advance the construction of new-type combat capabilities, it is necessary to grasp the development characteristics of cross-integration and mutual support among different fields and technologies, focus on the innovative configuration of combat capability elements, optimize the configuration structure of combat capability elements, and improve the configuration mechanism of combat capability elements, so as to promote the formation of a situation of breakthroughs in multiple points and collective emergence. We must rely on an intelligent combat management system that enables real-time situational awareness, efficient information processing, rapid and autonomous decision-making, precise coordinated operations, and automatic control of weapons and equipment. This system will allow combat elements to be “plug and play” and “dynamically reconfigured,” rapidly forming a structure that conforms to battlefield realities and combat missions. It will ensure the rapid integration of combat methods, the rapid formation of combat forces, the rapid execution of combat actions, and the rapid delivery of combat resources. This will foster new efficiencies in command and control, precision strikes, and information offense and defense, significantly improving the efficiency of combat power generation and forming a new type of combat power network that is reconfigurable in resources, adaptable in links, and fully covers capabilities.
Clarify the requirements for the development of new-type combat capabilities
New-type combat capabilities are the result of revolutionary breakthroughs in military technology and profound changes in the combat capability generation model. They have both the characteristics and laws of traditional combat capability generation, as well as their unique essential attributes and generation methods. We should deeply grasp the dialectical relationship and internal logic of their generation and development, and clarify their development requirements.
Efforts should be focused on the integration of traditional and new combat capabilities. Traditional combat capabilities are the prerequisite and foundation for the formation and development of new-type combat capabilities, while new-type combat capabilities are the integration and upgrading of traditional combat capabilities. Vigorously developing new-type combat capabilities does not mean completely abandoning traditional combat capabilities; on the contrary, the stronger traditional combat capabilities are, the better new-type combat capabilities can develop. On the one hand, we should closely follow the trends of technological development and changes in the form of warfare, study new mechanisms, grasp new characteristics, plan and lay out in a forward-looking manner, accelerate the systematic construction of new-type weapons and equipment, accelerate the improvement of military personnel’s ability to apply new-type capabilities, scientifically increase the proportion of new-type combat forces in new domains, and expand new tracks for the generation of new-type combat capabilities. On the other hand, we should firmly safeguard the fundamental strength and base of traditional combat capabilities, give full play to the advantages of traditional equipment, mechanisms and technologies, and accumulate strength in connecting new equipment, integrating new mechanisms and aggregating new technologies, so as to achieve a high-low combination, tiered connection and mutual promotion of “new” and “old” to enhance overall combat capabilities.
Seeking practical results in “element integration.” Technological innovation is a core element in developing new-type combat capabilities, but it is not the only one. Vigorously developing new-type combat capabilities requires not only occupying the high ground of technological innovation but also emphasizing the integrated and coordinated development of technology with systems, management, and other elements. On the one hand, we should highlight the “driving and leading” role of technological innovation, fully strengthen our confidence and determination in independent innovation, target cutting-edge fields, accelerate research on the military applications of new and disruptive technologies, and accurately identify the “key points” and “catalytic domains” that technological innovation empowers combat patterns and weaponry. On the other hand, we must pay attention to the “integration and coordination” effect of multiple elements. We must fully recognize the role and status of both technological and non-technical factors in promoting the formation and development of new combat capabilities, and focus on using technological breakthroughs to drive the upgrading of tactics and methods, the optimization of combat forces, the improvement of management mechanisms and support models, and systematically promote the comprehensive and balanced development of new combat capabilities through the integration and coordination of multiple factors.
We must maintain our momentum in the “fast and slow combination.” The formation and development of new-type combat capabilities is a long-term process, characterized by inheritance and gradualism. It requires a balanced approach, considering the relationships between primary and secondary priorities, immediate needs and long-term development, and effectively employing a “fast and slow combination.” On the one hand, we should emphasize the creation of asymmetric “speed.” We must closely follow the evolution of warfare and advancements in military technology, closely monitor the development trends of adversaries’ weaponry and combat styles, target their vital weaknesses, quickly identify the “window of opportunity” for creating asymmetric advantages with new-domain, new-type forces, accelerate forward-looking planning and transformation, and strive to create “trump cards” in weaponry to achieve leapfrog development in combat capabilities. On the other hand, we must focus on achieving high-quality “stability.” With a view to matching national strategic needs and aligning with the war preparation process, we must adhere to starting from the actual war situation, scientifically and rationally formulate top-level plans for the development of new-type combat capabilities, highlight the tackling of key issues such as technological shortcomings and capability weaknesses that have long constrained the generation of combat capabilities, lay a solid foundation for the development of new-type combat capabilities, provide development conditions, accumulate development momentum, and promote the high-quality and steady development of new-type combat capabilities.
(Author’s affiliation: Strategic Assessment and Consulting Center, Academy of Military Science)
現代國語：
新質戰鬥力是依托新興科技手段和作戰理念所形成的一種全新戰鬥力。隨著人工智慧、大數據等科學技術的飛速發展，新型作戰力量的類型層出不窮、規模極速增長、運用廣泛多樣，直接影響和決定新質戰鬥力的生成質效。認清新質戰鬥力內在特色、掌握其生成機理、明晰其發展要求，對於加快提升新質戰鬥力建設水平，確保在未來戰爭中搶佔先機、贏得主動具有重要意義。
認清新質戰鬥力內在特點
新質戰鬥力是戰爭發展和技術進步的產物，其以高效能、高質量為目標，以科技創新為內在引擎和主導槓桿，是牽引並撬動先進戰鬥力全要素躍升的新型能力。
強體系賦能。新質戰鬥力是戰鬥力構成要素改變所產生的新生戰鬥力。在智慧化技術的推動下，新質戰鬥力的構成要素不斷拓展，不僅包括傳統要素，還包括資訊網絡、數據資源、智慧演算法等新型要素。新質戰鬥力的生成，由傳統的通過人力物力等資源投入，改善武器裝備單個平台性能，向通過新型要素和傳統要素的自疊加或互疊加、新型要素賦能傳統要素等方式拓展，帶來整個作戰體系的聚變轉化，以“體系賦能”引起“殺傷力”質量、規模、功能等質變。
深人機互動。人與武器裝備的結合手段、結合方式、結合效果，直接影響戰鬥力形成質效。發展新質戰鬥力可以牽引人與武器裝備形成最佳結合，這種結合同時促進新質戰鬥力加速發展。隨著大模型、平行模擬等技術深化應用，決策支援系統更為智慧化，武器裝備性能更為先進，人機互動更為便捷高效，透過高強度的模擬化訓練和實戰化演練，人與武器裝備的協同作戰能力將大為增強，為孵化新質戰鬥力提供了動力源泉。
多維域拓展。新質戰鬥力突破傳統的陸海空等作戰領域，不斷向遠海、極地、網絡、電磁等領域拓展，從單純的物理域向物理域資訊域等深度融合拓展。透過跨域互動將各類資源與潛能轉化為現實能力，聚合不同維域的作戰能量，形成整體連結、強強融合、優勢互補的作戰體系，放大新質戰鬥力倍增效應。從世界近幾場局部戰爭實踐看，以戰略預警、資訊控制、演算法攻防、無人智慧等為代表的新質作戰力量，在現代戰場上正顯現出巨大威力。
掌握新質戰鬥力生成機理
新質戰鬥力的生成機理，是以基本要素能力革命性提升夯實戰鬥力基石，以新型要素跨域融合貫通戰鬥力釋放鏈路，以全要素網絡化創新配置促進戰鬥力湧現，達到全要素戰鬥力大幅提升的效果。
以基本要素能力革命性提升，築牢新質戰鬥力基石。人、武器裝備以及人與武器裝備的結合，是戰鬥力構成的三個基本要素。在新的歷史條件下，基本要素能力革命性提升，是形成新質戰鬥力的重要基礎。人是戰鬥力要素中最活躍、最能動的要素。當前，官兵知識結構多元、學習接受能力強，具備更高的思維層次、更精的專業技能、更強的創新能力，是推動新質戰鬥力生成的創造者。武器裝備是新質戰鬥力產生的物質承載。隨著軍事高新技術發展，超遠程、精確化、智慧化、隱身化等各種新型武器裝備的出現，是推動新質戰鬥力生成的硬體基礎。人與武器裝備的結合是推動戰鬥力生成的引擎。智慧化戰爭中，武器裝備不僅是軍事人員手中的工具，也是同軍事人員的結合體，在更科學的體制編制結構下，更精準的管理保障下，更為高超的指揮控制下，以人機交流、人機協作、人機共融的形態提升戰鬥力。
以新型要素跨域融合，貫通新質戰鬥力釋放鏈路。鏈路貫通閉合、快速高效融合是新質戰鬥力生成釋放的特點。促進新質戰鬥力全面釋放，需以新型戰鬥力要素及新質作戰力量為主線，加速情報鏈、指揮鏈、殺傷鏈、保障鍊等單鏈路閉合、多鏈路貫通融合。一方面，新型要素推動單鏈路優質閉合。數據、演算法、網路等新型要素融入傳統作戰鏈路，透過與傳統作戰力量、作戰要素有機結合，優化鏈路構建、資源調度、能力匹配，縮短鏈路閉合時間、提高鏈路運行效率，為新質戰鬥力生成提供了新增長點。另一方面，新型力量要素拓展多鏈路協同體系鉸鏈。通過新型力量要素打通多鏈路貫通堵點、增加多鏈路融合節點，以跨域鏈路閉合將各類資源和潛能連接在一起，聚合不同維域的作戰能量優勢，打造多鏈路相互耦合、網狀輻射、深度鉸鏈、協同運行的聯合作戰體系，促進新質戰鬥力全面釋放。
以全要素創新配置，實現新質戰鬥力網系湧現。新質戰鬥力的生成與發展，事關科技創新、理論創新、體制機制創新等多個面向。推動新質戰鬥力建設，要掌握不同領域與各項技術之間交叉融合、相互支撐的發展特徵，聚焦戰鬥力要素的創新配置、優化戰鬥力要素配置結構、完善戰鬥力要素配置機制，推動形成多點突破、群體迸發的局面。要依托態勢實時感知、資訊高效處理、快速自主決策、精準協同作戰和武器裝備自動控制的智能化作戰管理系統，實現作戰要素“即插即用”“動態重組”，快速形成符合戰場實際和作戰任務的結構編成，確保作戰手段“快融”、作戰力量“快組”、作戰行動“快打”、作戰資源“快打”，催生指揮控制、精確打擊和信息攻防對抗體系新效能，大幅提升戰鬥力生成效率，形成資源可重組、鏈路自適應、能力全覆蓋的新質戰鬥力網。
明晰新質戰鬥力發展要求
新質戰鬥力生成軍事技術革命性突破、戰鬥力生成模式深度變革共同作用的結果，其既有傳統戰鬥力生成的特點和規律，更有其特殊的本質屬性和生成方式，應深刻把握其生成發展的辯證關系和內在邏輯，明晰其發展要求。
在「新舊結合」上下功夫。傳統戰鬥力是形成和發展新質戰鬥力的前提與基礎，新質戰鬥力是傳統戰鬥力的融合升級。大力發展新質戰鬥力並不代表全面拋棄傳統戰鬥力，相反只有傳統戰鬥力越堅實，新質戰鬥力才可能發展越好。一方面，應緊跟科技發展與戰爭形態變化趨勢，研究新機理、掌握新特徵，前瞻性謀劃佈局，加速推進新質武器裝備體系化建設，加緊提升軍事人員新質能力運用素養，科學提升新域新質作戰力量比重，拓展新質戰鬥力生成新賽道。另一方面，應牢牢守住傳統戰鬥力這個基本面、基本盤，發揮傳統裝備、傳統機制、傳統技術的優勢，在銜接新裝備、融入新機制、聚合新技術上積蓄力量，實現「新」「舊」高低搭配、梯次銜接、相互促進，提升整體作戰能力。
在「要素融合」上求實效。科技創新是發展新質戰鬥力的核心要素，但不是唯一要素。大力發展新質戰鬥力，不僅要佔領科技創新高地，還要重視科技與制度、管理等多要素融合協調、一體聯動。一方面，應突顯科技創新的「驅動引領」作用，充分堅定自主創新的信心決心，瞄準前沿領域，加速新型技術、顛覆性技術軍事應用研究，找準科技創新賦能作戰樣式、武器裝備的「關鍵點」「催化域」。另一方面，要注重多要素的「融合協調」效應。充分認識技術與非技術要素在推動新質戰鬥力形成發展中的地位作用，注重以技術突破帶動戰法打法升級、作戰力量優化、管理機制健全和保障模式完善，在多要素融合協調中體系化推進新質戰鬥力全面均衡發展。
在「快慢組合」上使長勁。新質戰鬥力的形成發展是一個長期過程，具有繼承性、漸進性等特徵，需要統籌好主與次、先與後、現實急需與長遠發展等關系，打好「快慢組合拳」。一方面，應突顯塑造非對稱的「快」。緊跟戰爭形態演變、軍事科技進步，緊盯對手武器裝備、作戰樣式發展動向，瞄準對手要害命門，快速找到以新域新質力量塑造非對稱優勢的“窗口期”，加緊前瞻佈局、加快轉化應用，著力打造武器裝備“撒手鐧”，實現戰鬥力跨越式發展。另一方面，要注重謀求高品質的「穩」。著眼與國家戰略需求相匹配、與戰爭準備進程相銜接，堅持從戰爭實際出發，科學合理制定新質戰鬥力建設發展頂層規劃，突出長期制約戰鬥力生成的技術短板、能力弱項等矛盾問題攻關，為新質戰鬥力夯實發展基礎、提供發展條件、積蓄發展後勁，推動質戰力穩步發展。
（作者單位：軍事科學院戰略評估諮詢中心）
季 明 許珺怡 時鵬翔
中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/