中國軍隊注重戰術和作戰規劃
現代英語：
Accurately grasp the focus of combat planning
■ Wang Dong and Xu Zhiyong
Operational planning capability is a key capability of operational command and is also the basic way to transform strategic objectives and campaign tasks into specific combat actions. With an eye on winning future wars, improving operational planning capabilities will help people seize the initiative in war and gain the advantage in winning wars.
Focus on mission science planning
The combat mission stipulates the time and space conditions of the operation, determines the type, number and scale of the participating forces, and is the basic basis for combat planning. In modern warfare, the types of combat missions are more diverse, with more constraints and greater difficulty in completion. In addition, the relationship between different missions is closer, and often one move affects the entire system.
In the process of combat planning, only by accurately understanding combat tasks, scientifically decomposing combat tasks, and reasonably allocating combat tasks can we ensure that combat planning is scientific, accurate, and efficient. Accurately understanding combat tasks emphasizes accurate and comprehensive understanding of the superior’s intentions, ensuring that combat planning is always carried out around the implementation of the superior’s intentions; scientifically decomposing combat tasks emphasizes the analysis of major combat tasks, secondary combat tasks, and implicit combat tasks, ensuring that combat planning is always focused on task completion; reasonably allocating combat tasks emphasizes the reasonable selection of force resources in combination with specific tasks, ensuring that combat planning is always carried out around the optimal allocation of combat resources.
When conducting combat planning, it is necessary to accurately understand the combat intent of superiors, take the efficient completion of combat tasks as the axis, pay close attention to the efficient use of time, space, manpower, firepower, information and other factors to design combat actions, and ensure that the combat plans and programs are detailed and feasible.
Reasonable planning based on ability
Combat capability directly affects the completion time and final effect of the mission, and is an important basis for conducting combat planning. In future integrated joint operations, combat forces will be deployed over a wide area, combat actions will be coordinated across domains, and combat capability will be aggregated across multiple domains. The systemic synergy of various combat capabilities will become the key to determining victory or defeat on the battlefield.
In the process of combat planning, combat objectives should be reasonably determined, combat forces should be scientifically organized, and combat actions should be designed as a whole to ensure that combat planning is close to reality and feasible. Scientifically determine combat objectives, emphasize the reasonable selection of combat objectives based on accurate assessment of the combat capabilities of the troops; scientifically organize combat forces, emphasize focusing on complementary advantages and functional coupling to achieve an organic combination of various combat forces; design combat actions as a whole, emphasize the effective aggregation of various combat capabilities through integrated design, and ensure that combat planning is always carried out around the efficient use of combat forces.
When conducting combat planning, we should base ourselves on existing combat strength and actual combat capabilities, comprehensively analyze various situations and relevant constraints, determine appropriate combat objectives, and use them to guide combat force deployment, combat force organization, and combat action design. We must prevent the objectives from being too high, which will lead to distortion of planning products, and from being too small, which will lead to failure of planning products, and effectively improve the practicality and feasibility of planning plans.
Aim at your opponent and plan accurately
“Know thy enemy and know thyself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.” Informatized and intelligentized warfare, the characteristics of all-domain confrontation, system confrontation, and full-process confrontation are obvious. To achieve “attack others without being attacked by others”, we must insist on anticipating the enemy and responding to changes in advance.
In the face of the constant changes in the combat system, force deployment, tactics and strategies of powerful enemies, in the process of combat planning, we need to keep a close eye on the “opponent” as the target to study strategies and methods and design combat actions to ensure that combat planning is targeted and has rules to follow. We must thoroughly understand the combat opponent, emphasize accurate assessment of the enemy’s combat intentions, detailed analysis of the enemy’s combat system, and accurate grasp of the enemy’s combat focus. We must design tactics and strategies by targeting the key points in the enemy’s combat system, the weak points in force deployment, and the key points in tactics and strategies to ensure that combat planning is always carried out around defeating the enemy.
When conducting combat planning, we should accurately grasp the enemy’s combat focus, key positions and weak links, focus on selecting attack targets, carefully deploy forces, and highlight the key points, nodes and soft spots that support the enemy’s combat system to carry out force utilization and action design, improve the pertinence and accuracy of various planning results, and support the realization of flexible and autonomous asymmetric operations.
Focus on issues and coordinate planning
In future integrated joint operations, there will be more participating forces, more combat levels, a wider spatial domain, greater coordination conflicts, and various combat issues will become more complex.
In the process of combat planning, we should take the discovery of combat problems as the basis, the analysis of combat problems as the entry point, and the resolution of combat problems as the goal, and continuously enhance the thoroughness, systematicness, and completeness of combat planning. We should keep a close eye on problem-based joint planning, emphasize the support of the network information system, focus on solving the pain points, bottlenecks, and difficult problems in combat, and jointly tackle and pool wisdom among all services, fields, and levels, implement overall joint planning across all time periods, fields, and levels, and ensure that combat planning is always focused on quickly solving combat problems.
When conducting combat planning, we should adhere to the main line of efficiently solving combat problems, always focus on the realization of combat objectives, the use of combat forces, and the use of combat time and space, coordinate the joint planning of various services, levels, fields, and elements, realize the overall use of the combat forces of various services, the integrated design of campaign and tactical actions, and the cross-domain linkage of combat elements in various spatial domains, and improve the integrity of combat planning.
Focus on the situation and make rolling plans
Battlefield situation refers to the overall state and situation of the battlefield. Changes in situation are key variables that must be grasped in combat planning. The battlefield environment of modern warfare is complex and the pace of operations is accelerating. Even if the plans and programs formulated before the war are perfect, they are difficult to adapt to the rapid changes in battlefield situation.
Scientific and reasonable combat planning needs to go through a rolling iterative process, grasp the changes in the situation in a timely manner, and emphasize the real-time perception of the development and changes of the battlefield situation; accurately analyze and judge the situation, emphasize the need to base on the plan, focus on changes, and make quick decisions; continue rolling planning throughout the process, emphasize the need to respond quickly and flexibly, and continuously plan operations and decide on actions. Only in this way can the flexibility and timeliness of combat planning be continuously enhanced.
When conducting combat planning, we should focus on changes in the battlefield situation, scientifically predict the evolution of the situation, focus on repeated iterations of key planning steps such as judging the situation, implementing intentions, formulating plans, and making plans, update planning results in a timely manner, and realize the interlocking of planning and action, and move forward towards the combat objectives in a rolling manner, truly achieving “the enemy changes and I change, and I defeat the enemy first”, being one step ahead of others in planning, seizing the advantage of combat planning, and converting it into combat victory.
中文普通話語言：
準確把握作戰籌劃著力點
■王棟 許志永
作戰籌劃能力是作戰指揮的關鍵能力，也是將戰略目標、戰役任務轉化為具體作戰行動的基本途徑。著眼打贏未來戰爭，提升作戰籌劃能力有助於人們掌握戰爭主動，贏得戰爭制勝優勢。
聚焦任務科學籌劃
作戰任務規定作戰的時空條件，決定參戰力量類型、數量和規模，是進行作戰籌劃的基本依據。在現代戰爭中，作戰任務類型更加多元、約束條件更多、完成難度更大，且不同任務之間的關聯更加緊密，往往牽一發而動全身。
作戰籌劃過程中，只有精確理解作戰任務、科學分解作戰任務、合理分配作戰任務，才能確保作戰籌劃科學、準確、有效率。準確理解作戰任務，強調準確全面地理解上級意圖，確保作戰籌劃始終圍繞貫徹上級意圖展開；科學分解作戰任務，強調解析出主要作戰任務、次要作戰任務、隱含作戰任務，確保作戰籌劃始終聚焦任務完成而進行；合理分配作戰任務，強調結合具體任務合理選配力量資源，確保作戰籌劃始終圍繞作戰資源優化配置而進行。
進行作戰籌劃時，需要在準確理解上級作戰意圖的基礎上，以高效完成作戰任務為軸線，緊盯時間、空間、兵力、火力、信息等要素的高效利用進行作戰行動設計，確保作戰方案、計劃精細可行。
立足能力合理籌劃
作戰能力直接影響任務的完成時限和最終效果，是開展作戰籌劃的重要基礎。未來一體化聯合作戰中，作戰力量廣域部署、作戰行動跨域聯動、作戰能力多域聚合特徵明顯，各種作戰能力形成體系合力成為決定戰場勝負的關鍵。
作戰籌劃過程中，應合理確定作戰目標、科學編組作戰力量、整體設計作戰行動，確保作戰籌劃緊貼實際、切實可行。科學確定作戰目標，強調在準確評估部隊作戰能力的基礎上合理選擇作戰目標；科學編組作戰力量，強調聚焦優勢互補、功能耦合實現各種作戰力量的有機組合；整體設計作戰行動，強調通過一體化設計實現各種作戰能力的有效聚合，確保作戰籌劃始終圍繞著作戰力量的高效運用而展開。
進行作戰籌劃時，應立足現有作戰實力、基於實際作戰能力，綜合分析各方面情況及相關制約因素，確定適度的作戰目標，並以此牽引作戰力量部署、作戰力量編組、作戰行動設計，既要防止目標太高而導致籌劃產品失真，也要防止目標太小而導致籌劃產品失效，切實提高籌劃方案的實用性、可行性。
瞄準對手精準籌劃
「知彼知己，百戰不殆。」資訊化智能化戰爭，全局對抗、體系對抗、全程對抗特徵明顯，實現“致人而不致於人”，就要堅持料敵在先、應變在先。
面對強敵對手在作戰體系、兵力部署、戰術戰法等方面的不斷變化，在作戰籌劃過程中，需緊盯「對手」這一靶標指向來研究策略方法和設計作戰行動，確保作戰籌劃有的放矢、有章可循。吃透作戰對手，強調精準研判敵作戰企圖、精細分析敵作戰體系、準確把握敵作戰重心，瞄準敵作戰體系中的關節點、兵力部署上的薄弱點、戰術戰法上的要害點進行戰法設計，確保作戰籌劃始終圍繞克敵制勝而展開。
進行作戰籌劃時，應準確掌握敵作戰重心、關鍵部位和薄弱環節，注重精選打擊目標，精心佈局力量，突出打擊支撐敵作戰體系的要害、節點和軟肋等進行兵力運用和行動設計，提高各種籌劃成果的針對性與精準度，支撐實現靈活自主的非對稱作戰。
緊盯問題聯動籌劃
未來一體化聯合作戰中，涉及參戰力量更多、作戰層級更多、空間領域更廣、協同矛盾更大，各種作戰問題也將更為複雜。
在作戰籌劃過程中，應以發現作戰問題為基點、以分析作戰問題為切入、以解決作戰問題為目標，不斷增強作戰籌劃的周密性、系統性、完備性。緊盯問題聯動籌劃，強調以網絡資訊體係為支撐，聚焦解決作戰中的痛點、堵點、難點問題，各軍兵種、各領域、各層級等聯合攻關、集智共謀，實施全時段、跨領域與跨層次的整體聯動籌劃，確保作戰籌劃始終聚焦快速破解作戰問題而展開。
進行作戰籌劃時，應堅持以高效解決作戰問題為主線，始終圍繞作戰目標的實現、作戰力量的運用和作戰時空的利用，統籌協調各軍兵種、各層級、各領域、各要素進行聯動籌劃，實現各軍兵種作戰力量的整體運用、戰役戰術行動的一體設計、各空間領域作戰要素的跨域聯動，提高作戰籌劃的整體性。
著眼態勢滾動籌劃
戰場態勢是戰場的整體狀態和總體形勢，態勢變化是作戰規劃需要掌握的關鍵變數。現代戰爭戰場環境復雜，作戰節奏加快，戰前規劃制定的方案計畫即使再完善，也難以適應戰場態勢的快速變化。
科學合理的作戰籌劃需要經過一個滾動迭代的過程，及時掌握情況變化，強調要實時感知戰場態勢發展變化；準確分析判斷情況，強調要立足預案，著眼變化，快速決斷；全程持續滾動籌劃，強調要快速靈活反應，不間斷籌劃作戰和決定行動，這樣才能不斷增強作戰籌劃的靈活性和時效性。
進行作戰籌劃時，應著眼戰場態勢變化，科學預判態勢演變，重點對判斷情況、貫徹意圖、擬制方案、制定計劃等關鍵籌劃步驟進行反復迭代，適時更新籌劃成果，實現籌劃與行動環環相扣，滾動地向作戰目的推進，真正做到“敵變我變，制敵於先”，在籌劃上高人一籌、先人一步，奪取作戰籌劃優勢，並將其轉化為作戰勝勢。
