智慧化時代中國軍隊作戰導向訓練的新要求

現代英語：

As a high-intensity, targeted training closely aligned with actual combat, realistic combat training plays a crucial role in enhancing the combat effectiveness of the armed forces and is an inevitable choice for adapting to the evolving nature of warfare and responding to complex security threats. In the intelligent era, the deep integration of military technology, the suddenness of war outbreaks, and the rapid pace of offensive and defensive transitions are becoming increasingly prominent, posing systemic challenges to realistic combat training in areas such as demand guidance, environment construction, tactical innovation, and technological empowerment. To this end, we should focus on building a new training management model that accurately maps needs, deeply embeds adversaries, makes tactics flexible and effective, and deeply integrates technology, so as to achieve resonance between training scenarios and combat environments, dynamic coupling between training content and combat actions, and precise alignment between training results and actual combat needs, thereby comprehensively improving the overall quality and efficiency of combat-oriented training.

The need to meet the demands of “combat” necessitates intensive training based on specific plans.

In the intelligent era, the diversification of weapons, equipment, and combat methods has brought more variables to combat operations. Realistic training must be aligned with actual combat needs, calibrate training objectives through testing in real scenarios, continuously enhance the flexibility of combat plans, and improve the adaptability of troops.

Operational guidance calibrates training targets. As a form of training closely aligned with actual combat, realistic training can only achieve maximum effectiveness by closely adhering to the needs of intelligent warfare, transforming abstract operational concepts into concrete training topics, and deconstructing strategic and operational requirements into quantifiable and assessable tactical indicators. Emphasis should be placed on battlefield adaptability training in complex and ever-changing battlefield environments, strengthening training on challenging issues such as cyber and electronic warfare, autonomous coordination, and the integration of new technologies, to ensure that a proactive battlefield advantage is always maintained. Training content should be dynamically optimized by closely monitoring cutting-edge operational concepts, continuously promoting the interaction and coupling of actual combat and training, and consistently maintaining a high level of combat readiness training.

Practice refines and strengthens the resilience of operational plans. Intelligent warfare is fast-paced and rapidly changing; only through repeated verification and refinement in realistic training can the feasibility and adaptability of operational plans be guaranteed. A multi-functional, intelligent, and professional training ground system should be constructed to continuously refine key aspects such as command and decision-making, force deployment, and operational coordination in scenario-based training, constantly testing the resilience of the command chain, the robustness of coordination mechanisms, and the sustainability of the support system. In fact, testing and improving operational plans through realistic training is timeless. Prior to the Normandy landings, the Allied forces conducted Exercise Tiger at Slapton Beach to improve combat skills, enhance combat experience, and test coordination efficiency. Despite a series of oversights and errors, serious deficiencies in command and communication, landing and unloading were also discovered. By revising and improving the combat plan and addressing the shortcomings, the actual combat casualty rate was greatly reduced, laying a solid foundation for the successful implementation of the final landing operation.

Mission-driven training strengthens capabilities. High-intensity, near-real combat training effectively exposes weaknesses and deficiencies, forcing units to develop targeted measures and ultimately boosting combat capabilities. Close attention should be paid to the specific tasks undertaken by the troops, such as reconnaissance and surveillance, information warfare, force projection, and unmanned operations. Problems should be identified during exercises and practical training, and countermeasures should be developed according to local conditions to address weaknesses in combat capabilities. Before the Hundred Regiments Offensive during the War of Resistance Against Japan, a unit of the Eighth Route Army, recognizing its weak railway sabotage capabilities, conducted targeted intensive training focusing on reconnaissance and surveillance, explosives demolition, and dismantling and transportation. This significantly improved the unit’s railway sabotage capabilities, laying a crucial foundation for victory.

Based on the standard of “war”, we insist on independent confrontation.

In the intelligent era, intelligent unmanned equipment is being used extensively, new combat forces with new characteristics are constantly emerging, and the features of hybrid games and system confrontation are becoming more prominent. This requires that combat-oriented training must be based on actual combat standards and targeted confrontation training must be carried out against strong adversaries.

Reconstructing cognitive benchmarks through re-enactment of enemy situations. Accurate understanding of the operational target system and the adversary’s combat capabilities is not only a prerequisite for winning intelligent warfare but also the foundation for planning and organizing effective combat-oriented training. We must closely monitor the adversary, comprehensively, accurately, and systematically grasp the latest military intelligence dynamics regarding their operational theories, command methods, tactics, operational deployments, and the performance of key weapons and equipment. Furthermore, we must deeply study countermeasures, cultivate the ability to win, and ensure that we anticipate the enemy’s moves and achieve surprise victories in wartime. We should systematically deconstruct the future battlefield environment, starting from multiple dimensions such as the strategic domain, physical domain, network domain, and electromagnetic domain, and use multiple methods to construct a training environment that matches information-based and intelligent warfare, providing strong support for key training subjects and seeking winning strategies.

Red-Blue competition drives a qualitative leap in capabilities. In the context of intelligent warfare, combat-oriented training places greater emphasis on targeted and intense confrontation, requiring the creation of simulated “Blue Force” forces to higher standards, the design of appropriate training content, and the effective implementation of adversarial red-Blue confrontation training. It is essential to focus on tactical confrontation training, operational confrontation exercises, and in-depth strategic game-based confrontation simulations, ensuring their effective implementation at all levels of combat-oriented training. Emphasis should be placed on both virtual simulation confrontation exercises and live-fire confrontation exercises, combining virtual and real elements to provide strong support for combat-oriented training. The training should not only present the size and weaponry of the adversary but also reflect their tactical applications and systemic operations, providing a reliable and credible “touchstone” for combat-oriented training.

Extreme training is essential for honing systemic capabilities. Only by benchmarking against actual combat and organizing realistic training with the standards and intensity of “war” can we objectively assess the combat effectiveness of the troops and promote the improvement of their systemic capabilities. Based on specific enemy situations and complex battlefields, we must deeply anticipate unforeseen circumstances, starting with the most difficult, complex, and passive situations. We should create numerous dangerous, stalemate, difficult, critical, and dire situations to cultivate the confidence and courage to fight and win, and the ability to adapt and achieve victory in perilous circumstances, thereby comprehensively testing and refining the troops’ combat capabilities.

Anchoring “Battle” Effectiveness Innovations in Tactics and Combat Methods

Combat operations in the intelligent era exhibit some new characteristics, emphasizing information dominance and system integration, as well as precise control and accurate energy release. This also requires combat-oriented training to focus on combat effectiveness and seek more effective methods and measures for innovative tactics and maneuvers.

Training and research should be integrated to drive tactical innovation. Effective tactics are often gradually refined and formed through actual combat training. By leveraging the “tempering” process of realistic combat training, weaknesses in tactical application can be exposed to the greatest extent, prompting the innovation and improvement of tactics and methods. Based on the fundamental orientation of practicality and effectiveness, we should strengthen the innovative application of tactics and training methods, deeply analyze combat patterns, capability chains, key nodes, force organization, and tactical means in theoretical research and practical exercises, accelerate the integration of new domains and new quality systems, and ensure the effective implementation of new combat concepts, tailoring “trump cards” and “tactical sets” for countering and defeating the enemy.

Realistic combat training drives the testing of tactics. Tactics that remain at the theoretical level have no vitality; only tactics that have undergone repeated testing in realistic combat can quickly adapt to the future battlefield. Therefore, realistic combat training places greater emphasis on tactics originating from practice, being tested in practice, and being applied to practice. Through repeated simulation training, deduction exercises, and live-fire drills, scientific and applicable command principles, action points, and support essentials should be formed. Tactics should be tested, enriched, and improved in practice to fully adapt to future informationized and intelligent warfare.

Advancing the evolution of tactics in accordance with the times. No matter how times change, surprise and flexibility remain the “soul” of tactical application and the prerequisite for gaining the initiative on the battlefield. In the intelligent era, new equipment and tactics supported by model algorithms are constantly emerging. Only by keeping pace with the trends of military reform, proactively analyzing the laws of war and the mechanisms of victory, and being one step ahead in discovering and updating tactics, can we ensure that we can deploy our forces and exert our strength one step ahead of the enemy in wartime. Recent local conflicts have repeatedly demonstrated to us the practical application of new operational concepts and the continuous emergence of new tactics and methods. We should focus on strong enemy targets, confront threats and challenges head-on, actively adapt to changes, and proactively seek changes. Based on operational concepts such as flexible mobility and asymmetric enemy control, we should develop and design strategies and tactics to defeat the enemy and comprehensively improve our battlefield adaptability.

Strengthen technological capabilities in line with the trends of “warfare”.

In the intelligent era, the extensive and in-depth application of new-generation military technologies has not only accelerated the pace of warfare, changed the form of war, and given rise to new threats, but also provided more options for combat-oriented training.

Knowledge reshaping elevates cognitive thinking. Cognitive thinking reflects the depth of understanding of warfare and the degree of adaptability to the battlefield. Therefore, some consider cognitive thinking a key foundational element of command ability. In the intelligent era, only those with keen technological awareness and battlefield perception can accurately grasp the battlefield situation, precisely control forces, and flexibly manage actions to gain a combat advantage. It is crucial to strengthen the learning of the latest technologies such as big data, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and blockchain, and through targeted training, systematically master the characteristics and laws of informationized and intelligent warfare, establish a systemic warfare mindset, and enhance technological effectiveness for realistic combat training.

Simulation interaction optimizes environmental conditions. Virtual simulation technology not only has advantages in reducing material input and lowering safety risks, but also in constructing intelligent warfare scenarios to improve training quality. Emphasis should be placed on utilizing virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality technologies to construct highly immersive and interactive virtual battlefield spaces, providing trainees with realistic visual, auditory, and tactile experiences. Emphasis should also be placed on leveraging intelligent wearable devices, sensor arrays, and virtual simulation systems to construct training scenarios that closely resemble actual combat, supporting trainees in battlefield awareness and action simulation training, and comprehensively improving the quality of combat-oriented training.

Intelligent empowerment revitalizes data and information. In the intelligent era, the multidimensionality of the environment, the diversity of force equipment, and the variety of offensive and defensive confrontations have led to a massive surge of combat training data, making its management and application a major challenge in training practice. Data mining technology should be fully utilized, leveraging big data, algorithms, and large models to transform the vast amounts of scattered behavioral, physiological, and environmental data generated in training practice into quantifiable, traceable, and optimizable digital resources. This will enable the centralized delivery and innovative application of training information. Based on this, a closed-loop management system for training information—”decision-planning-collection-processing-evaluation”—can be established to drive the transformation of combat training from generalized, extensive management to intelligent, precise management.

現代國語：

實戰化訓練作為一種緊貼實戰的高強度針對性訓練，對於提升部隊戰斗力發揮著至關重要的作用，是適應戰爭形態發展、應對復雜安全威脅的必然選項。智能時代，軍事技術的深介入、戰爭爆發的突然性、攻防轉換的快節奏越發凸顯，使得實戰化訓練在需求傳導、環境構建、戰法創新、科技賦能等方面面臨系統性挑戰。為此，應著力構建需求精准映射、對手深度嵌入、戰法靈活有效、技術深度融入的新型訓練管理模式，實現訓練場景與作戰環境同頻共振、訓練內容與作戰行動動態耦合、訓練成果與實戰需求精確對接，全方位提升實戰化訓練綜合質效。

對接“戰”的需求突出依案強訓

智能時代，武器裝備、作戰手段的多樣化，使得作戰行動具有更多變量。實戰化訓練必須對接實戰需求，在實案實情檢驗中校准訓練指向，不斷強化作戰方案柔韌性，提升部隊能力適應性。

作戰牽引校准訓練靶向。作為一種緊貼實戰的訓練形式，實戰化訓練唯有緊扣智能化戰爭需求，將抽象作戰構想轉化為具體訓練課題，將戰略戰役需求解構為可量化、可評估的戰術指標，方能求得最大訓練實效。應突出復雜多變戰場環境下的戰場適應性訓練，強化網電攻防、自主協同、新質融入等重難問題訓練，以確保始終佔據戰場優勢主動。應緊盯前沿作戰理念，動態優化訓練內容，不斷推動實戰與訓練互動耦合，始終保持戰備訓練的高水准。

實踐淬煉強化方案韌性。智能化戰爭節奏緊湊、瞬息萬變，只有在實戰化訓練中歷經反復驗證打磨，才能保證作戰方案的可行性適應性。應構建多功能、智能化、專業化訓練場地體系，在基於實案的訓練中持續推敲指揮決策、兵力運用、作戰協同等關鍵環節，不斷考驗指揮鏈路抗毀性、協同機制穩健性、保障體系持續性。事實上，通過實戰化訓練檢驗完善作戰方案，無論在哪個年代都不過時。諾曼底登陸前，盟軍為提升作戰技能、增強實戰體驗、檢驗協同效率，在斯拉普頓海灘組織參戰部隊開展“猛虎演習”，盡管出現了一系列疏忽失誤，但也發現了指揮通聯、登陸卸載等多項嚴重缺陷，進而通過修訂完善作戰方案、改進問題不足，大大降低了實際作戰傷亡率，為最後登陸作戰行動的成功實施打下了堅實基礎。

任務驅動補強能力短板。高強度近實戰的實戰化訓練，能夠最大程度暴露能力短板缺陷，倒逼部隊制定針對性措施，反哺作戰能力躍升。應緊盯部隊擔負的偵察監視、信息攻防、力量投送、無人作戰等具體任務，在演訓實踐中發現矛盾問題，因地制宜研究對策，補足作戰能力弱環。抗日戰爭百團大戰前，八路軍某部針對鐵路破襲能力薄弱的現實狀況，圍繞偵察警戒、炸藥爆破、拆除搬運等展開針對性強化訓練，大大提高了部隊道路破襲能力，奠定了作戰勝利的重要基礎。

基於“戰”的標准堅持自主對抗

智能時代，智能無人裝備大量運用，新域新質作戰力量不斷湧現，混合博弈、體系對抗的特征更加鮮明，要求實戰化訓練必須基於實戰標准，緊盯強敵對手展開針對性對抗訓練。

敵情復現重構認知基准。對作戰目標體系和對手作戰能力的精准認知，既是打贏智能化戰爭的前提，也是籌劃組織好實戰化訓練的基礎。應緊盯作戰對手，全面、准確、系統掌握其作戰理論、指揮方式、戰法打法、作戰部署、關鍵武器裝備性能等最新軍情動態，進而深研應對策略，鍛造打贏能力，確保戰時料敵於先、出奇制勝。應系統解構未來戰場環境，從戰略域、物理域、網絡域、電磁域等多維空間入手，多法並舉構設與信息化智能化戰爭相匹配的演訓環境，為演練重點課目、尋求制勝招法等提供強力支撐。

紅藍競技催生能力質變。智能化戰爭背景下，實戰化訓練更加強調訓練的針對性、強對抗，要求以更高標准打造模擬“藍軍”力量、設置適配訓練內容，開展好互為對手紅藍對抗訓練。既要抓實戰術對抗訓練，也要抓牢戰役對抗演練，還要抓深戰略博弈對抗推演，落地落位各層級實戰化訓練。既要注重虛擬仿真對抗演訓，也要關注實兵實裝對抗演練，虛實結合為實戰化訓練提供強力支持。既要呈現出作戰對手的編制規模、武器裝備，更要反映出其戰法運用、體系運轉，為實戰化訓練提供可靠可信“試金石”。

極限磨礪鍛造體系能力。只有對標對表實戰，以“戰”的標准強度組織實戰化訓練，才能客觀檢驗部隊戰斗力水平，推動部隊體系能力提升。要依據具體敵情、復雜戰場，深度預想突發情況，從應對最困難、最復雜、最被動局面出發，多設險局、僵局、難局、危局、殘局，在近似實戰的環境中培養敢打必勝的信心勇氣、險中求勝的應變能力，全面檢驗和錘煉部隊實戰能力。

錨定“戰”的效能創新戰法打法

智能時代的作戰行動呈現出一些全新特征，更加強調信息主導、體系集成，更加強調精確調控、精准釋能，這也要求實戰化訓練要錨定作戰效能，在創新戰法打法上尋求更多行之有效的方法措施。

研訓一體驅動戰術革新。行之有效的戰術，往往在實戰實訓中逐步凝練形成。借助實戰化訓練這一“淬火”環節，可以最大限度暴露戰術運用弱點，牽引推動戰法打法破舊立新、修訂完善。應基於實用管用根本導向，強化戰法訓法創新運用，在理論攻關和演訓實踐中深度解析作戰樣式、能力鏈路、節點樞紐、力量編組和戰法手段等，加快推動新域新質體系融入、新型作戰概念落地見效，量身打造抗敵制敵的“撒手鐧”“戰法集”。

真打實訓推動戰法檢驗。停留在理論層面的戰法是沒有生命力的，只有歷經真打實訓反復檢驗的戰法才能迅速適應未來戰場。因此，實戰化訓練更加強調戰法打法源於實踐、驗於實踐、用於實踐。要通過反復開展模擬訓練、仿真推演、實兵實裝演練，形成科學適用的指揮要則、行動要點、保障要義，在實踐中檢驗、豐富和完善戰法打法，全面適應未來信息化智能化戰爭。

因時順勢推進戰法演進。無論時代如何變遷，出敵不意、靈活機動始終是戰法運用的“魂”，是獲取戰場主動的前提。智能時代，模型算法支撐下的新裝備、新戰法不斷湧現，只有緊跟軍事變革潮流主動解析戰爭規律、制勝機理，先人一步挖掘戰法、更新戰法，才能保證戰時先敵一步布勢、先敵一步發力。近幾場局部戰爭沖突，一再向我們展示新型作戰概念的真切運用，新型戰法打法的層出不窮。應聚焦強敵靶標，直面威脅挑戰，積極適變、主動求變，基於靈活機動、非對稱制敵等作戰理念，開發設計克敵之策、制敵之計，全面提升戰場適應能力。

緊扣“戰”的趨向強化科技賦能

智能時代，由於新一代軍事技術的廣泛深度運用，在加速作戰節奏、改變戰爭形態、催生新型威脅的同時，也為實戰化訓練提供了更多選項。

知識重塑抬升認知思維。思維認知能力反映對戰爭的認識高度，折射對戰場的適應程度。因此，有人將思維認知能力看作指揮能力的關鍵基礎要素。在智能時代，只有具備敏銳的科技認知、戰場感知，才可能在戰時精准掌握戰場態勢、精密調控力量、靈活控制行動，取得作戰優勢勝勢。要注重強化大數據、物聯網、雲計算、區塊鏈等最新科技知識學習，並通過針對性訓練，系統掌握信息化智能化戰爭特性規律，樹牢體系化戰爭思維，為實戰化訓練疊加科技效能。

仿真交互優化環境條件。虛擬仿真技術不僅在減少耗材投入、降低安全風險方面佔據優勢，而且在構設智能化戰爭場景提高訓練質量方面具有優勢。應注重運用虛擬現實、增強現實、混合現實等技術，構建高度沉浸式可交互的虛擬戰場空間，為受訓人員提供視覺、聽覺、觸覺的真實感受。應注重依托智能穿戴設備、傳感器陣列和虛擬仿真系統等，構建貼近實戰的訓練場景，支撐受訓人員展開戰場感知、行動模擬等訓練，全面提升實戰化訓練的質量層次。

智能賦能盤活數據信息。智能時代，環境空間的多維性、力量裝備的多元性、攻防對抗的多樣性，使得實戰化訓練數據信息海量湧現，其管理運用也成為訓練實踐中的一大難題。應充分利用數據挖掘技術，借助大數據、算法、大模型等，將訓練實踐中大量離散的行為數據、生理數據、環境數據等轉化為可量化、可追溯、可優化的數字資源，進而實現訓練信息的歸口推送、創新運用。在此基礎上，通過形成訓練信息“決策—計劃—采集—處理—評估”閉環管理體系，推動實戰化訓練從概略粗放管理向智能精准管理轉變。

中國軍網 國防部網 // 2025年10月31日 星期四

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/szb_223187/szbxq/index.html?paperName=jfjb&paperDate=2025-10-31&paperNumber=03&articleid=964349