中國軍隊三大核心聚焦資訊戰制勝機制
2016-11-22 03:03
現代英語：
Naval Command College Research Group
The winning mechanism of war is the most prominent and core characteristic of war. The winning mechanism of informationized war mainly includes three core contents: winning by information advantage, winning by structural destruction and winning by joint action.
Winning with information advantage
In the information age, wars are won mainly by information. Information is the first element of modern warfare, information resources are the first resource of modern warfare, and information advantage is the first advantage of modern warfare, and it determines the victory of the war.
The core of winning with information advantage is the right to control information. War is conducted under the guidance of information, which is implemented according to the law of events turning into information, information turning into situation, situation turning into cognition, cognition turning into decision, and decision turning into action. Information supports command and control, and dominates combat operations and the course of war. Only by gaining the right to control information can we seize the initiative and freedom on the battlefield.
Ways to achieve victory with information advantage. First, information flow leads material flow and energy flow, and information advantage multiplies cognitive power, control power and attack power, thereby regulating the course, direction, target and action of war. Second, information system leads weapon platform, combat force, unit and element are in the loop, the loop is under human control, under the guidance of information system, material energy can produce geometric series “fusion” and extremely precise “energy release”, so that combat power will have a qualitative leap. Then realize long-range rapid precision strike, system structure fixed point destruction and paralysis, and multi-method comprehensive victory. Third, cyberspace is based on physical space, penetrates physical space, transcends physical space and dominates physical space. Occupying the new field and new height of cyberspace warfare will gain new means and advantages of information warfare, and then evolve new concepts, new tactics and new ways to win in combat. Fourth, advanced technology, high-tech equipment, brilliant achievements and public opinion propaganda can have a strong deterrent and striking effect on the enemy’s psychology, fully disintegrate the enemy’s political will, resistance determination and public confidence, and then achieve all-round victory.
Structural destruction wins
Modern warfare is a confrontation between systems. The essence of system confrontation is a holistic and comprehensive confrontation. The formation, development and function of any overall comprehensive capability depends on the structure of the system.
The structure of the system determines the function, and the function generates the capability. Structural damage causes the system elements to be missing and the relationships to be out of order, which destroys the technical structure and system structure, and causes the loss of the organizational structure and functional structure, making it impossible to generate system capabilities.
The core of winning by structural destruction is network control. Network energy gathering, network energy empowerment, and network energy empowerment are the major functions of the network, which are based on the inherent characteristics of the information network system and the combat system. The first is network energy gathering. Through the network, various information is gathered together, and combat forces, units and elements are integrated into an organic whole. This whole is actually a collection of information energy, energy energy, and material energy, forming a full-factor advantage of information, energy, and material. The second is network energy empowerment. The combat forces, units, and elements in the system obtain all kinds of required information and support and coordination through the network, and have capabilities that they did not originally have, thereby improving their combat effectiveness. The third is network energy empowerment. In the combat system, target information, guidance information, coordination information, and command information are distributed to combat forces and units through the network, so that they are integrated into the system from the original passive listeners and executors, and become equal participants, executors, and advisers in the system, forming a flat charge. To control the network is to destroy the foundation and remove the fuel from under the cauldron, so that the combat system cannot gather energy; to break the network is to destroy the “hub”, cut off the flow of information, and make it impossible for the combat system to empower and authorize.
The strength of a system is based on its structure, the benefits of a system depend on its structure, and the strength of a system also lies in its structure. If you knock out the key nodes, the system will collapse; if you hit the vital point, the system will collapse. First, destroy the technical structure. The technical structure refers to the network structure, data structure, and software structure in the system. By destroying the key nodes of the network structure, destroying the software system of the network, destroying the database and information nodes, the various elements in the system cannot be interconnected and become a mess. Second, destroy the system structure. The combat system based on the information network is composed of a reconnaissance and early warning system, a command and control system, a precision strike system, an information confrontation system, and an integrated support system. Destroying the reconnaissance and early warning system will make the system “blind” and “deaf”. Destroying the command and control system will knock out the “vital point”, making the system leaderless and out of order. Destroying the integrated support system will make the system lose its support and become a water without a source and a tree without roots. Third, destroy the overall structure. The power structure, organizational structure, operation structure, and functional structure are the core of the overall structure. Destroying the power structure will cause the system elements to be missing, destroying the organizational structure will cause the system to be disordered, and destroying the operation structure will cause the system to malfunction, ultimately achieving the purpose of destroying the functional structure.
Joint action wins
Joint operations are the organic integration of combat forces, units, and element functions, which maximizes the combat effectiveness of the system. There is no joint operation without war, no war without joint operation, and no victory without joint operation. This has become the basic consensus of the world’s military powers and is an inevitable trend in future wars.
The connotation of joint operations is technology + tactics, system + system, plan + autonomy, action + support, discovery + destruction. It is a vivid manifestation of 1+1>2, the combination of combat operations, the integration of combat functions, and the concentrated release of combat effectiveness.
The core of winning joint operations is force control. Mechanized warfare pursues firepower, mobility, protection and support. Informationized warfare pursues the system’s reconnaissance and early warning capabilities, command and control capabilities, precision strike capabilities, information confrontation capabilities, and comprehensive support capabilities.
The implementation of joint operations must follow the rigid requirements of combat planning and the internal logic of “situation map”, “combat process”, “combat list”, “combat planning”, “autonomous action” and “effectiveness evaluation”. The first is the situation map that concerns the overall situation. Use a picture to fully present the battlefield situation. The second is a strict combat process, that is, the action process of detection, control, attack and evaluation, the command process of target discovery, target determination and action control, and the information process of information acquisition, transmission and processing. The third is a clear combat list, that is, the task list, target list and strike list. The task list is the clarification and summary of the combat tasks of the combat forces, units and elements. The target list is the batch numbering and sorting of the enemy’s targets. The strike list is the sorting and allocation of the strike targets according to the threat level of the enemy’s targets. The fourth is a detailed combat plan, that is, force planning, firepower planning, and information planning. It is a deepening, refinement and concretization of the combat plan, and it is also a substitute for the extensive combat plan. The fifth is flexible autonomous action, that is, self-organization, self-coordination, and self-action. It is the highest realm of joint action and the development of coordinated operations and contract operations, which enables temporary groups to effectively organize and coordinate and smoothly implement joint operations. The “three selfs” are organized and implemented in strict accordance with the combat process, based on the task list and strike list, and in accordance with the combat plan. Without the above prerequisites, it is impossible to achieve a real joint action. The sixth is a complete evaluation system to conduct timely and accurate evaluation of battlefield combat effectiveness and strike effects, providing a basis for subsequent combat planning.
In joint operations, the goal is the premise, calculation is the key, and precision is the core, and combat calculations run through the entire combat process, among which “one picture” is the preliminary calculation, “three processes” are the actuarial calculation, “three lists” are the in-depth calculation, three plans are the detailed calculation, three autonomies are the planning, and performance evaluation is the settlement.
國語中文：
海軍指揮學院主題組
戰爭制勝機理是戰爭最突出、最核心的特質。資訊化戰爭制勝機制主要包含資訊優勢制勝、結構破壞制勝和聯合行動制勝三個核心內容。
資訊優勢制勝
資訊時代的戰爭，主要靠資訊制勝。資訊是現代戰爭的第一要素，資訊資源是現代戰爭第一資源，資訊優勢是現代戰爭的第一優勢，決定戰爭勝勢。
資訊優勢制勝的核心是製資訊權。戰爭在資訊主導下進行，主導是依照事件轉化為資訊、資訊轉化為態勢、態勢轉化為認知、認知轉化為決策、決策轉化為行動的規律實施的。資訊支撐著指揮控制，主導作戰行動和戰爭進程。只有取得制資訊權，才能掌握戰場主動權、自由權。
資訊優勢制勝的實現途徑。一是以資訊流主導物質流、能量流，以資訊優勢倍增認知力、控制力和攻擊力，進而調控戰爭的進程、方向、目標和行動。二是資訊系統主導武器平台，作戰力量、單元、要素在迴路中，迴路在人的控制中，在資訊系統的引導下，使物質能產生幾何級數“聚變”和極其精準的“能量釋放” ，使戰鬥力產生質的飛躍。進而實現遠程快速精確打擊、體系結構定點毀癱、多法綜合製勝。第三是網路空間基於實體空間、滲透物理空間、超越實體空間、主導實體空間。佔領網路空間作戰這個新領域、新高點，便獲得了資訊作戰新手段、新優勢，進而演化出作戰制勝的新觀念、新戰法、新途徑。四是先進技術、高新裝備、輝煌戰果、輿論宣傳都能對敵方心理產生強大的威懾和打擊作用，充分瓦解敵方的政治意志、抵抗決心和民眾信心，進而實現全方位勝利。
結構破壞制勝
現代戰爭是體系與體系的對抗，體系對抗實質是整體性對抗、綜合性對抗，而任何一個整體綜合能力的形成、發展和發揮作用，都在於體系的結構。
體系的結構決定功能，功能產生能力。結構破壞就是造成體係要素缺失、關係失序，使技術結構、系統結構破壞，組織結構、功能結構喪失，無法產生體系能力。
結構破壞制勝的核心是製網。網能聚能、網能賦能、網能賦權，這是網路的重大作用，是基於資訊網路體系、作戰體系的內在特徵。一是網能聚能。透過網路把各種資訊聚在一起，把作戰力量、單元和要素融合為有機整體。這個整體其實就是資訊能、能量能、物質能的集合體，形成了資訊、能量、物質的全要素優勢。二是網能賦能。體系內的作戰力量、單元、要素，透過網路獲得各種所需的資訊和支援配合，具備了自身原來不具備的能力，因而提高了其作戰效能。三是網能賦權。在作戰體系內，透過網路給作戰力量、單元分配目標訊息、引導訊息、協同訊息、指令訊息，使之由原來的被動聽令者、執行者融入體系，成為體系內平等的參與者、執行者、建議者，形成扁平化的指控。制網就是破根基，釜底抽薪，使作戰體係不能聚能；破網就是毀“中樞”，切斷資訊流，使作戰體係不能賦能、賦權。
體系之堅基礎在結構，體系之利取決於結構，體系之肋也在於結構。打掉關鍵節點，體係不攻自破；打準命門，體系土崩瓦解。一是破壞技術結構。技術結構指的是體系中網路結構、資料結構和軟體結構。透過破壞網路結構的關鍵節點、毀癱網路的軟體系統、破壞資料庫和資訊節點，使體系中的各要素無法互聯互通，成為一盤散沙。二是破壞系統結構。基於資訊網路的作戰體係是由偵察預警系統、指揮控制系統、精確打擊系統、資訊對抗系統、綜合保障系統所構成的。毀癱偵察預警系統，就會使體系變成「瞎子」和「聾子」。毀癱指控系統，就打掉了“命門”，使體系群龍無首、運行失序。毀癱綜合保障系統，體係就失去了支撐，成為無源之水、無本之木。三是破壞總體結構。力量結構、組織結構、運作結構、功能結構是整體結構的內核，破壞力量結構就會使體係要素缺失，破壞組織結構就會使體系失序，破壞運作結構就會使體系運作失靈，最終達到破壞功能結構的目的。
聯合行動制勝
聯合作戰是對作戰力量、單元、要素功能的有機融合，使體係作戰效能能最大限度地釋放。無戰不聯、無聯不戰、無聯不勝，已成為世界軍事強國的基本共識，是未來戰爭的必然趨勢。
聯合行動的內涵是技術+戰術、系統+系統、計畫+自主、行動+保障、發現+摧毀，是1+1>2的生動體現，是作戰行動的聯合，是作戰功能的融合，是作戰效能集中釋放。
聯合行動制勝的核心是製力。機械化戰爭追求的是火力、機動性、防護力和保障力。資訊化戰爭追求的是體系的偵察預警能力、指揮控制能力、精確打擊能力、資訊對抗能力、綜合保障能力。
實施聯合行動必須遵循作戰規劃的剛性要求和「態勢圖」「作戰流程」「作戰清單」「作戰規劃」「自主行動」「效能評估」的內在邏輯。一是事關全局的態勢圖。用一張圖把戰場態勢全面呈現出來。二是嚴格的作戰流程，即偵、控、打、評的行動流程，目標發現、目標確定、行動控制的指控流程，資訊取得、傳遞、處理的資訊流程。三是明確的作戰清單，即任務清單、目標清單、打擊清單。任務清單是己方對作戰力量、單元、要素作戰任務的明確和匯總，目標清單是對敵方目標的分批編號和梳理，打擊清單是根據敵方目標的威脅程度，對打擊目標的排序和分配。四是詳盡的作戰規劃，即兵力規劃、火力規劃、資訊規劃。它是對作戰方案的深化、細化和具體化，也是對粗放作戰計畫的替代品。五是靈活的自主行動，即自組織、自協同、自行動，它是聯合行動的最高境界，是協同作戰、合約作戰的發展，使臨時編組進行有效的組織和協同，順利實施聯合行動。 「三自」是嚴格遵循作戰流程，依據任務清單和打擊清單，依照作戰規劃組織實施的，沒有上述的前提條件，就無法實現真正意義上的聯合行動。六是完善的評估體系，對戰場作戰效能和打擊效果進行及時且準確的評估，為後續作戰規劃提供基礎。
聯合行動，目標是前提、計算是關鍵、精準是核心，且作戰計算貫穿作戰全過程，其中「一張圖」是初算、「三個流程」是精算、「三個清單」是深算、三個規劃是細算、三個自主是謀算、效能評估是結算。
資料來源：解放軍報作者：海軍指揮學院研究小組責任編輯：菅琳