Category Archives: Chinese Military Views – 中國軍事觀

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #中國太空軍, #中國的耗散戰, #中國軍事人工智慧武器化, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 認知域戰

China’s Position Paper : Regulating Military Applications of Artificial Intelligence

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中國的立場文件：規範人工智慧的軍事應用

現代英語：

The rapid development and widespread application of artificial intelligence technology are profoundly changing human production and lifestyles, bringing huge opportunities to the world while also bringing unpredictable security challenges. It is particularly noteworthy that the military application of artificial intelligence technology may have far-reaching impacts and potential risks in terms of strategic security, governance rules, and moral ethics.

AI security governance is a common issue facing mankind. With the widespread application of AI technology in various fields, all parties are generally concerned about the risks of AI military applications and even weaponization.

Against the backdrop of diverse challenges facing world peace and development, all countries should uphold a common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable global security concept and, through dialogue and cooperation, seek consensus on how to regulate the military applications of AI and build an effective governance mechanism to prevent the military applications of AI from causing significant damage or even disasters to humanity.

Strengthening the regulation of the military application of artificial intelligence and preventing and controlling the risks that may arise will help enhance mutual trust among countries, maintain global strategic stability, prevent an arms race, alleviate humanitarian concerns, and help build an inclusive and constructive security partnership and practice the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind in the field of artificial intelligence.

We welcome all parties including governments, international organizations, technology companies, research institutes and universities, non-governmental organizations and individual citizens to work together to promote the safe governance of artificial intelligence based on the principle of extensive consultation, joint construction and sharing.

To this end, we call for:

– In terms of strategic security, all countries, especially major powers, should develop and use artificial intelligence technology in the military field with a prudent and responsible attitude, not seek absolute military advantage, and prevent exacerbating strategic misjudgments, undermining strategic mutual trust, triggering escalation of conflicts, and damaging global strategic balance and stability.

– In terms of military policy, while developing advanced weapons and equipment and improving legitimate national defense capabilities, countries should bear in mind that the military application of artificial intelligence should not become a tool for waging war and pursuing hegemony, and oppose the use of the advantages of artificial intelligence technology to endanger the sovereignty and territorial security of other countries.

– In terms of legal ethics, countries should develop, deploy and use relevant weapon systems in accordance with the common values ​​of mankind, adhere to the people-oriented principle, uphold the principle of “intelligence for good”, and abide by national or regional ethical and moral standards. Countries should ensure that new weapons and their means of warfare comply with international humanitarian law and other applicable international law, strive to reduce collateral casualties, reduce human and property losses, and avoid the misuse of relevant weapon systems and the resulting indiscriminate killing and injury.

– In terms of technical security, countries should continuously improve the security, reliability and controllability of AI technology, enhance the security assessment and control capabilities of AI technology, ensure that relevant weapon systems are always under human control, and ensure that humans can terminate their operation at any time. The security of AI data must be guaranteed, and the militarized use of AI data should be restricted.

– In terms of R&D operations, countries should strengthen self-discipline in AI R&D activities, and implement necessary human-machine interactions throughout the weapon life cycle based on comprehensive consideration of the combat environment and weapon characteristics. Countries should always insist that humans are the ultimate responsible party, establish an AI accountability mechanism, and provide necessary training for operators.

– In terms of risk management, countries should strengthen supervision of the military application of artificial intelligence, especially implement hierarchical and classified management to avoid the use of immature technologies that may have serious negative consequences. Countries should strengthen the research and judgment of the potential risks of artificial intelligence, including taking necessary measures to reduce the risk of proliferation of military applications of artificial intelligence.

——In rule-making, countries should adhere to the principles of multilateralism, openness and inclusiveness. In order to track technological development trends and prevent potential security risks, countries should conduct policy dialogues, strengthen exchanges with international organizations, technology companies, technology communities, non-governmental organizations and other entities, enhance understanding and cooperation, and strive to jointly regulate the military application of artificial intelligence and establish an international mechanism with universal participation, and promote the formation of an artificial intelligence governance framework and standard specifications with broad consensus.

– In international cooperation, developed countries should help developing countries improve their governance level. Taking into account the dual-use nature of artificial intelligence technology, while strengthening supervision and governance, they should avoid drawing lines based on ideology and generalizing the concept of national security, eliminate artificially created technological barriers, and ensure that all countries fully enjoy the right to technological development and peaceful use.

現代國語：

人工智慧技術的快速發展及其廣泛應用，正深刻改變人類生產和生活方式，為世界帶來巨大機會的同時，也帶來難以預測的安全挑戰。特別值得關注的是，人工智慧技術的軍事應用，在戰略安全、治理規則、道德倫理等方面可能產生深遠影響和潛在風險。

人工智慧安全治理是人類面臨的共同課題。隨著人工智慧技術在各領域的廣泛應用，各方普遍對人工智慧軍事應用甚至武器化風險感到擔憂。

在世界和平與發展面臨多元挑戰的背景下，各國應秉持共同、綜合、合作、永續的全球安全觀，透過對話與合作，就如何規範人工智慧軍事應用尋求共識，建構有效的治理機制，避免人工智慧軍事應用為人類帶來重大損害甚至災難。

加強對人工智慧軍事應用的規範，預防和管控可能引發的風險，有利於增進國家間互信、維護全球戰略穩定、防止軍備競賽、緩解人道主義關切，有助於打造包容性和建設性的安全夥伴關係，在人工智慧領域實踐建構人類命運共同體理念。

我們歡迎各國政府、國際組織、技術企業、科研院校、民間機構和公民個人等各主體秉持共商共建共享的理念，協力共同促進人工智慧安全治理。

為此，我們呼籲：

——戰略安全上，各國尤其是大國應本著慎重負責的態度在軍事領域研發和使用人工智慧技術，不謀求絕對軍事優勢，防止加劇戰略誤判、破壞戰略互信、引發衝突升級、損害全球戰略平衡與穩定。

——在軍事政策上，各國在發展先進武器裝備、提高正當國防能力的同時，應銘記人工智慧的軍事應用不應成為發動戰爭和追求霸權的工具，反對利用人工智慧技術優勢危害他國主權和領土安全的行為。

——法律倫理上，各國研發、部署和使用相關武器系統應遵循人類共同價值觀，堅持以人為本，秉持「智能向善」的原則，遵守國家或地區倫理道德準則。各國應確保新武器及其作戰手段符合國際人道法和其他適用的國際法，努力減少附帶傷亡、降低人員財產損失，避免相關武器系統的誤用惡用，以及由此引發的濫殺。

——在技術安全上，各國應不斷提昇人工智慧技術的安全性、可靠性和可控性，增強對人工智慧技術的安全評估和管控能力，確保相關武器系統永遠處於人類控制之下，保障人類可隨時中止其運作。人工智慧資料的安全必須得到保證，應限制人工智慧資料的軍事化使用。

——研發作業上，各國應加強對人工智慧研發活動的自我約束，在綜合考慮作戰環境和武器特性的基礎上，在武器全生命週期實施必要的人機互動。各國應時常堅持人類是最終責任主體，建立人工智慧問責機制，對操作人員進行必要的訓練。

——風險管控上，各國應加強對人工智慧軍事應用的監管，特別是實施分級、分類管理，避免使用可能產生嚴重負面後果的不成熟技術。各國應加強對人工智慧潛在風險的研判，包括採取必要措施，降低人工智慧軍事應用的擴散風險。

——規則制定上，各國應堅持多邊主義、開放包容的原則。為追蹤科技發展趨勢，防範潛在安全風險，各國應進行政策對話，加強與國際組織、科技企業、技術社群、民間機構等各主體交流，增進理解與協作，致力於共同規範人工智慧軍事應用並建立普遍參與的國際機制，推動形成具有廣泛共識的人工智慧治理框架和標準規範。

——國際合作上，已開發國家應協助發展中國家提升治理水平，考慮到人工智慧技術的軍民兩用性質，在加強監管和治理的同時，避免採取以意識形態劃線、泛化國家安全概念的做法，消除人為製造的科技壁壘，確保各國充分享有技術發展與和平利用的權利。

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/wjb_673085/zzjg_673183/jks_674633/zclc_674645/rgzn/202206/t20220614_10702838.shtml

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #中國太空軍, #中國的耗散戰, #中國軍事人工智慧武器化, #新興戰爭技術, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Command information Systems, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中华人民共和国网络安全法, 中國太空軍, 中國支持認知對抗的軍事決策與觀點, 中國的情報戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事分析:認知域作戰的特徵與發展趨勢, 中國軍事應用與比特幣在未來戰爭中的應用, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍事認知域作戰的重點是什麼、重點在哪裡？, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰, 中國軍隊聚焦認知域戰是主攻戰場對抗的新著力點, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 元宇宙, 國家網絡空間安全戰略, 國防和軍隊現代化建設, 域作战突出属性, 認知戰, 新軍事變革, 認知戰

How Can Chinese Military Research Institutes Achieve “accelerated” Innovation in National Defense Science and Technology?

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中國軍事科學研究院所如何實現國防科技創新「加速」?

現代英語：

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution is accelerating, and emerging fields such as space and the Internet will become the focus of future competition. The rapid development of science and technology, the ever-changing weapons and equipment and combat methods have put forward new requirements for military research institutes to conduct full-domain battlefield research.

Standing at the forefront of the times, how can military research institutes promote the implementation of the national defense science and technology innovation strategy and transform scientific research results into real combat effectiveness? How can we achieve the transition from “squatting to running” to “jumping” in scientific and technological innovation and achieve “acceleration” in scientific and technological innovation? Please read the news investigation brought by the PLA Daily reporter from the National Defense Engineering Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences.

Defense Science and Technology Innovation: Forging a Powerful Engine to Enhance National Defense Strength

■China National Defense News reporter Pan Di and special correspondent Zhao Jie

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution is accelerating, and emerging fields such as space and the Internet will become the focus of future competition. The rapid development of science and technology, the ever-changing weapons and equipment and combat methods have put forward new requirements for military research institutes to conduct full-domain battlefield research.

President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation and vigorously improve the ability of independent innovation in national defense science and technology when attending the plenary meeting of the PLA and armed police delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress. Standing at the forefront of the times, how can military research institutes promote the implementation of national defense science and technology innovation strategies and transform scientific research results into real combat effectiveness? How can we achieve the transition from “squatting to running” to “jumping” in scientific and technological innovation and achieve “acceleration” in scientific and technological innovation? Please see the news investigation brought by reporters from the National Defense Engineering Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences.

Research direction——

We must work hard to study and strive for the future, and never lose our ambition

In late March, at a research institute of the National Defense Engineering Research Institute, researchers who had completed the experimental content of a project were busy collecting, organizing and analyzing data, which also meant that a forward-looking topic they had been studying had entered the finalization stage.

A few years ago, when the concept of a certain type of weapon was just proposed, researchers were keenly aware that with the continuous development of science and technology, once this type of weapon breaks through the technical barriers and is successfully developed, it will bring new challenges to the construction of national defense projects. Time waits for no one, and they have planned in detail the research direction of the subject and the key issues that need to be solved in combination with the current status of my country’s national defense projects. Today, the project team has basically mastered the damage effect of a certain new type of weapon on the target, and has proposed a new protection concept accordingly.

The successful completion of the project stems from the accurate aiming of the scientific research target, and the establishment of the scientific research direction is due to the keen insight and foresight of the scientific research team. This kind of forward-looking research is not an isolated case in the institute.

Engineer Han Yu recalled that as early as the 1980s, the research staff of the institute proposed the research direction of information warfare in the future war based on the development trend of warfare. After extensive data collection, investigation and understanding of the situation, and analysis of research rules, they outlined a forward-looking development blueprint for this research direction.

Thanks to the long-term research accumulation on informationized combat styles, after the institute formally established the relevant protection research laboratory last year, the laboratory’s researchers have been advancing related scientific research topics in an orderly and intensive manner.

The application and research cycle of a project is long, ranging from a few years to more than ten years, or even longer. If the research topic lacks foresight, the scientific research direction is not closely connected to the battlefield, and the results are difficult to help improve the combat effectiveness of the troops, it will inevitably cause a waste of manpower and material resources. In response to this situation, the institute clearly requires: “For research topics related to national defense projects, if they are not practical and forward-looking, they will not be allowed to be established.”

“Our research results usually have to be tested in the training ground, and the opinions and suggestions from the troops are summarized and collected on the feedback form, which provides an important reference basis for the next step of scientific research.” Wang Mingzhe, an engineer who is about to visit a certain test site, told reporters that in order to make the research topics stand the test of future wars, the researchers of the institute often go to plateaus and islands, and travel all over the country to investigate, inspect and demonstrate.

A few years ago, when conducting research in the army, researchers discovered that the camouflage cloth used by a brigade during a live-fire exercise was not conducive to camouflage and cover in special terrain. In response to the problem, researchers quickly organized a research project and designed a new information-based shielding system and cloth, making battlefield laying more convenient, faster, more confusing and concealed.

“When attending the plenary meeting of the People’s Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi stressed the need to pay close attention to the development trends of world military technology and weaponry. Indeed, conducting scientific research is like fighting a war. Only with a forward-looking vision can we win the commanding heights in overcoming difficult problems and seize the initiative for victory.” Speaking of the institute’s project approval standards, researcher Liu Ruichao said with emotion that scientific research in the field of national defense engineering must conform to the latest trends in combat styles and weapon development, and take one step ahead while being down-to-earth.

Scientific research talents——

How can the water be so clear? Because it comes from a source of fresh water.

“Look, these are the cracks that appeared after treatment…” On the afternoon of March 13, a laboratory of the institute was occasionally filled with the sound of machines roaring and explanations of experimental content.

In the laboratory, the reporter saw a soldier with gray hair in military uniform. Researcher Chen Anmin told the reporter that the old man was Gu Jincai, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the voice just heard outside the door was Academician Gu explaining the experiment content to the young backbone.

As an academician, the scientific research tasks are already very busy and there is no need for him to always be on the front line. However, Academician Gu, who is already 80 years old, still insists on patiently and meticulously teaching his apprentices and leading the team.

“Academician Gu and his group of veteran comrades have been working on the front line since the establishment of the unit, providing hands-on training and guidance to scientific researchers. I am especially grateful to the predecessors for their guidance and support in getting to where I am today.” Engineer Ma Dongliang is deeply impressed by the good atmosphere of the institute.

In 2009, Ma Dongliang was assigned to a research institute in the Central Plains. As a new employee, Ma Dongliang, who had not yet understood the content of his job, thought he would be assigned to do some “odd jobs” such as organizing documents. What he did not expect was that he was entrusted with an important task as soon as he arrived at the unit and participated in a major protection research project throughout the process.

“The project team is full of teachers with many books, and I, a ‘rookie’, can complete the project tasks?” Ma Dongliang recalled that he was both excited and terrified at the time. After working in the institute for a long time, he learned that the institute would formulate a capacity improvement plan for each key talent, formulate a targeted training plan for those with development potential, and cultivate a team of key talents through job training, sending students to study, cooperation and exchange, etc.

At the 2017 National Science and Technology Awards Commendation Conference, the project in which Ma Dongliang participated won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. What surprised him was that the project leader put him in the position of the seventh author after considering everyone’s contribution, which is not only an honor but also a spur and encouragement for young researchers.

“My contribution to scientific research has not been ignored just because I am young. This is also an important reason why our young backbones stay here to concentrate on scientific research. The evaluation of awards focuses on professional ability and contribution. When evaluating and adjusting positions, it is not based on awards or achievements, but on comprehensive evaluation.” Ma Dongliang told reporters that he is currently working on four projects at the same time, working more than 10 hours a day, and working overtime on weekends is the norm. As he said, this fair competition method and evaluation mechanism make them “excited” and “energized” to do scientific research here.

Like Ma Dongliang, there are many young backbones born in the 1980s who like the talent training atmosphere of the institute and engage in scientific research and have achieved success and development. Some have become senior engineers, and some have served as laboratory leaders. A large number of scientific research backbones have grown rapidly here.

Research conditions——

The phoenix will come to roost when the phoenix tree is lush and leafy.

If information technology is the “multiplier” of combat effectiveness, then scientific research conditions are the “incubator” that gives birth to innovative results.

During the interview at the research institute, the reporter found that the place where the researchers spent the longest time was the test site.

At a test site of the institute, the reporter met Associate Researcher Xu Xiangyun who was preparing the test content. He told the reporter that each research room has several laboratories or test sites built according to the needs of scientific research projects. In addition to purchasing local mature technology products, most of the equipment is independently developed. A new type of test equipment next to him was developed and put into use last year.

At the end of 2012, a new type of weapon was released abroad. According to information obtained by scientific and technological personnel, its attack performance and its destructiveness to protective projects are astonishing, and it is likely to cause many protective projects to lose their due effectiveness.

As it concerns the safety of national defense projects, researchers need to find out the relevant performance of this type of weapon as soon as possible, and to obtain the most accurate information, they need to conduct relevant tests. Because it is a new type of weapon, there is no alternative test method in China, and it often takes 3 years or even longer to apply for the development of test equipment. This practical problem made the researchers of the institute frown. What should they do?

“A special research team composed of academicians and experts will be established to work together to overcome difficulties.” After the researchers reported the situation, the institute also invited experts in related fields from all over the country to discuss the matter. After multiple scientific discussions, they immediately decided to start the development of the test equipment as soon as possible.

In 2015, the Institute developed a certain type of test equipment when most similar test equipment in China could only be used in a fixed manner. With the test equipment, the research team quickly began to apply for a certain evaluation test project. Today, the research team has successfully conducted tests such as weapon power research and target damage, and has proposed new protection concepts and structures accordingly.

“Today, a big challenge facing military research institutions is how to fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and innovation of researchers. We must try our best to provide researchers with advanced research conditions in a timely manner to ensure innovative research.” said the leader of the institute. In recent years, they have successively built an engineering comprehensive demonstration environment laboratory with an area of ​​more than 1,000 square meters and more than 200 sets of equipment and software, as well as dynamic and static load test platforms.

If you want to do your work well, you must first sharpen your tools. At present, while continuing to implement the tasks of scientific research conditions construction, the institute focuses on the current situation at home and abroad and the development trend of related majors, actively plans new scientific research conditions construction projects, and promotes the application of the “Major Underground Engineering Safety” National Key Laboratory. A project aimed at the protection technology research of the world’s cutting-edge weapons will be carried out in the newly built simulation test center…

Accelerate national defense science and technology innovation

■Weidong

At the plenary meeting of the PLA and Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integration innovation system, and vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology. This important thought profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development and points out the direction for the prosperity and development of modern military science.

In recent years, as the strategic commanding heights of science and technology have accelerated their development to the deep earth, deep sea and deep space, the forms of war and combat styles have undergone profound changes, and the process of transforming combat theories into battlefield actions and technology into equipment has continued to accelerate, and the cycle has been further shortened. Many military powers have seen the dawn of intelligent military transformation and have launched a new round of military technology innovation.

In the face of the ever-changing technological development, military research institutes must take the lead in the national defense science and technology game, take the opportunity of reshaping the military research system, stand at the overall height of ensuring victory in the informationized war, step up the strategic transformation, and firmly grasp the “bull’s nose” of independent innovation, so as to take the initiative in the grand journey of becoming world-class.

Qian Xuesen once said that national defense science and technology innovation must not be satisfied with “chasing tail” or “looking in the mirror”. Military research institutes should be bold in their ideas, have the courage to emancipate their minds, break the mindset, make macro plans for their long-term development, and optimize the top-level design. At the same time, they should also carry out forward-looking demonstrations of the needs for the development of national defense science and technology innovation, independently and proactively carry out basic, leading, and disruptive innovative technology research, keenly discover new directions and new fields for the generation of new quality combat effectiveness, and strive to stand at the forefront and be at the forefront of the world’s military science and technology competition.

It is the duty of the general to not forget to fight while defending; it is the duty of the soldiers to be well-prepared for training. Focusing on actual combat is both a goal and a guide. Military research institutes should firmly establish the idea of ​​research for combat, implement President Xi’s instructions and requirements of “facing the battlefield, facing the troops, and facing the future”, and follow the requirements of “improving joint combat capabilities and all-domain combat capabilities based on network information systems”. We should strive to conduct research in the way the war is fought and what is needed for the war, focus on improving the contribution rate of military research and innovation to the combat effectiveness of the troops, and continuously provide strong scientific and technological support for strengthening the army.

A first-class army needs first-class scientific research units, and first-class scientific research units need first-class talents. Only when talents emerge in competition can there be a burst of innovative vitality. Military scientific research institutes should always adhere to the awareness of talent cultivation as the main battlefield, highlight the cultivation of creative thinking and innovative capabilities of military scientific researchers, rely on first-class military talents to create first-class military theories and first-class military technology, and implant the winning genes for decoding future wars into the body of the army.

President Xi stressed that we should focus on the coordinated innovation of military and civilian science and technology in key areas. The fields of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment are the focus of military-civilian integration. As military research institutes, we should focus on meeting national strategic needs, integrating into the national scientific research system, strengthening the coordinated research of major projects, and strengthening the deep integration of industry, academia and research. Relying on the superior resources of the military and the local government, we should strengthen the strategic cooperation between the military and the local government, build a service platform for the joint research and sharing of national defense science and technology achievements, the joint construction and sharing of conditions and facilities, and the connection of common standards between the military and the local government, and form a new situation of open, integrated and innovative development of national defense science and technology.

Stride forward, reshape and reconstruct is not a minor repair, and must not be a small fight. We must seize the opportunity of the start, release the starting momentum, take steps and speed up in key areas, important directions and major tasks, and create new models and set new benchmarks as soon as possible, so as to take the lead in achieving leading results in the world military science and technology competition, occupy a number of strategic commanding heights and winning points, use first-class military technology to create a first-class combat offense and defense system, and gradually achieve the goal of building a first-class army.

(Author’s unit: National Defense Engineering Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences)

Military scientific and technological innovation should focus on basic scientific research, improve basic scientific research support capabilities, and lay a solid foundation for national defense scientific and technological innovation.

In recent years, we have made great progress in the field of national defense science and technology, but there is still a gap with foreign countries in some key technologies, mainly because the basic research is not solid enough, and there is still room for improvement in professional basic theoretical research, digital military simulation platform development, large-scale distributed numerical computing technology, etc. These factors have restricted the scientific research progress and development in the military field to a certain extent, affecting the emergence and breakthroughs of cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations.

Basic key technologies cannot be bought, and you will not get far if you rely on buying second-hand technologies from abroad. We should start from the aspects of top-level planning design, scientific research management system, and incentive mechanism for scientific researchers, attach importance to and support basic research work, carry out basic research work in depth, and enhance original innovation capabilities.

Military research institutions must break down the “barriers” between the military and civilian science and technology systems, and focus on collaborative innovation in military and civilian science and technology in key areas.

With the rapid development of high-tech weapons and equipment, the styles and forms of warfare are constantly changing, which puts higher requirements on battlefield construction. We must actively explore many disciplines such as earth sciences, high-tech equipment manufacturing, and automatic control, and study the construction of a full-domain intelligent battlefield.

Based on this, military research units need to cooperate with local governments to jointly carry out in-depth engineering research, integrate high-quality local military resources in the fields of electronic information, drones, artificial intelligence and bionics, and use the best scientific and technological resources in the country to build a modern military force system. For our national defense engineering field, we must attach importance to promoting the application of building information modeling (BIM) in military engineering and realize the informationization and refined management of engineering construction and operation and maintenance.

Innovation-driven development is essentially talent-driven. Whoever possesses first-class innovative talents will have the advantage and dominance in scientific and technological innovation.

At present, the most urgent need for strengthening national defense and military construction is talent; looking to the future, the core of achieving leapfrog development in military construction is still talent. Only by fully driving the talent training engine can we strongly promote independent innovation in national defense science and technology.

Many years of experience in scientific research have made me feel that talent cultivation is a systematic project and strategic task. We need to focus on the overall situation, strengthen top-level design, scientifically set up echelons, and strive to create a vivid situation where outstanding talents emerge and everyone competes to be a “maker” in the military camp. Talent cultivation has its inherent characteristics and laws. It cannot be achieved overnight or in a short period of time. We need to firmly establish a scientific concept of talent cultivation, with the ideological realm and confidence and courage of “success does not have to be mine, but the effort will not be in vain”, and work hard for a long time and continue to relay, so as to turn the talent cultivation blueprint into reality and provide solid talent support for the development of the military through science and technology.

Conducting military scientific research is like fighting a war. Only with a forward-looking vision can you gain the commanding heights in overcoming difficult problems and seize the initiative for victory.

In recent years, national defense science and technology at home and abroad has developed rapidly, the all-round reconnaissance technology integrating land, sea, air and space has been continuously improved, the use of troops and weapons supported by highly information technology on the battlefield and the emergence of new weapons have greatly changed the combat style and characteristics of future wars. Scientific researchers must deeply grasp and base themselves on the characteristics of future wars and carry out innovative scientific research in a targeted manner.

Specifically in the field of national defense engineering research, military researchers must keep up with the forefront of the development of world weapons and equipment and protection technology, and focus on preventing both “hard kill” and “soft kill”; they must pay attention to the protection of key parts as well as the protection of the overall system; they must do a good job in passive protection, and also track and study active protection and new weapon protection technologies, promote disruptive technological innovation, and strive to improve the battlefield survivability and combat support capabilities of national defense engineering.

現代國語：

目前，新一輪科技革命、工業革命、軍事革命正加速推進，太空、網路等新興領域將成為未來競爭的焦點。科學技術日新月異，武器裝備和作戰方式日新月異，對軍事科學研究院所進行全域戰場研究提出了新的要求。

站在時代前沿，軍隊科學研究院所如何推動國防科技創新戰略實施，將科學研究成果轉化為現實戰力？如何實現科技創新從“蹲著跑”到“跳起來”，實現科技創新“加速”？請閱讀解放軍報記者軍事科學院國防工程研究所帶來的新聞調查。

國防科技創新：為提升國防實力鍛造強大引擎

■中國國防報記者 潘娣 特約記者 趙傑

目前，新一輪科技革命、產業革命、軍事革命加速推進，太空、網路等新興領域將成為未來的爭奪焦點。快速發展的科學技術、日新月異的武器裝備及作戰方式，給軍科研院所提出了全域戰場研究的新要求。

習主席出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，加強國防科技創新，並大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。挺立時代潮頭，軍事科研院所如何推進國防科技創新戰略落地生根，把科學研究成果轉化為實實在在的戰鬥力？如何實現科技創新“深蹲助跑”到“起跳跨越”，跑出科技創新“加速度”？請看記者從軍事科學院國防工程研究院帶來的新聞調查。

科學研究方向——

躬身必以研為戰，望遠不墜鯤鵬志

3月下旬，在國防工程研究院某研究所，已經完成某專案試驗內容的科研人員正在緊張地進行資料的蒐集、整理與分析，這也意味著他們潛心鑽研的某前瞻性課題進入結題階段。

幾年前，某型武器的概念剛被提出時，科研人員就敏銳地認識到：隨著科學技術不斷發展，該型武器一旦突破技術壁壘研製成功，將會對國防工程建設帶來新的挑戰。時間不等人，他們結合我國國防工程現狀，詳細規劃了主題的研究方向和需要重點解決的關鍵問題。現今，本計畫組基本上掌握某新型武器對目標的毀傷效果，並相應提出新的防護理念。

專案成功結題的背後，源自於科研標靶的準確瞄準，而科研方向的確立得益於科研團隊敏銳的洞察力與前瞻性。這種具有前瞻性的研究在該研究院並非個案。

根據工程師韓彧回憶，早在1980年代，該研究院科研人員根據作戰發展趨勢，預見未來戰爭資訊化作戰的研究方向。經過廣泛收集資料、調查了解情況、剖析研究規律，他們為研究方向勾勒出前瞻性的發展藍圖。

得益於長期資訊化作戰樣式的研究積累，去年研究院正式組成相關防護研究室之後，研究室科研人員便有條不紊、緊鑼密鼓地推進相關科研課題。

課題申請立項與研究週期長，短則幾年多則十幾年，甚至會更長。如果研究主題缺乏前瞻性，科學研究方向對接戰場不緊密，出了成果也難以助力部隊戰鬥力的提升，勢必會造成人力物力的浪費。針對這種情況，該研究院明確要求：“事關國防工程的研究主題，不具備實用性前瞻性決不允許立項。”

「我們的研究成果通常要經過演練場檢驗，匯總收集部隊反饋的意見建議到意見反饋表上，為下一步科研攻關提供重要參考依據。」即將赴某試驗場考察的工程師王明哲告訴記者，為了讓研究主題經得起未來戰爭的檢驗，研究院的科研人員常上高原、下海島，走南闖北去研究、考察與論證。

幾年前，科學研究人員在部隊調查時發現，某旅在實兵演練過程中使用的迷彩遮蔽佈在特殊地形下不利於偽裝掩護。針對發現的問題，科學研究人員快速組織主題立項研究，設計出新型資訊遮蔽系統與遮蔽布，使戰場鋪設更加方便快捷，更具迷惑性和隱蔽性。

「習主席在出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，要密切關注世界軍事科技和武器裝備發展動向。的確，搞科研如同打仗，有前瞻性視野才能贏得攻克難題的製高點，把握勝利的主動權。 。

科學研究人才—

問渠哪得清如許，為有源頭活水來

「你們觀察一下，這是處理後顯現的裂縫…」3月13日下午，研究院某實驗室不時傳出陣陣機器轟鳴與講解試驗內容的聲音。

在實驗室裡，記者看到一位穿著軍服、頭髮花白的軍人。研究員陳安敏告訴記者，這位老者是中國工程院院士顧金才，剛在門外聽到的聲音就是顧院士在為年輕骨幹講解試驗內容。

身為院士，科學研究任務本就十分繁忙，完全不需要一直盯在一線，但已經80歲高齡的顧院士卻仍堅持耐心細緻地教徒弟、帶團隊。

「顧院士那一批老同志自單位成立以來就一直奮戰在一線，手把手地對科研人員進行傳幫帶。我能走到今天特別感謝前輩們的教導和扶持。」工程師馬棟良對研究院良好的氛圍感受頗深。

2009年，馬棟良被分配到地處中原地的某研究所。新到工作單位，還沒了解工作內容的馬棟良以為會被派去幹一些整理文檔的“雜活兒”，讓他沒想到的是，剛到單位就被委以重任，全程參與某重大防護研究課題。

「專案組裡都是著作等身的老師，而我一個『菜鳥』能把專案任務完成好嗎？」馬棟良回想當時的心情既激動又惶恐。他在研究院待久了才知道，原來研究院對每位骨幹人才都會製訂能力提升計劃，對有發展潛力的針對性製訂培養方案，透過崗位鍛鍊、送學培養、合作交流等方式，培養骨幹人才方隊。

在2017年度國家科學技術獎勵表揚大會上，馬棟良參與的這個計畫獲得國家科學技術進步獎二等獎。讓他既驚訝又意外的是，專案組組長綜合考慮每個人的貢獻後，將他放在了第七作者的位置，這對年輕科研人員來說既是榮譽，更是鞭策和激勵。

「並沒有因為年輕就忽略我在科研中的貢獻，這也是我們年輕骨幹留在這裡潛心搞科研的重要原因。評獎看重專業能力與所作所為，在評職調級時不唯獎不唯成果，而是依據綜合性評估。如他所說，這種公平的競爭方式與評價機制，讓他們在這裡搞科研「得勁兒」「有勁兒」。

而和馬棟良一樣，喜歡研究院人才培養氛圍而深耕科研，並取得成就與發展的「80後」年輕骨幹不在少數，有的成為了高級工程師，有的擔任了研究室領導，一大批科研骨幹在這裡快速成長起來。

科學研究條件——

梧桐枝繁葉茂，自有鳳凰來棲

如果資訊科技是戰鬥力的“倍增器”，那麼科研條件就是催生創新成果的“孵化器”。

在研究院採訪的日子裡，記者發現科學研究人員待得最久的地方就是試驗場。

在研究院某試驗場地，記者見到正在準備試驗內容的副研究員徐翔雲，他告訴記者，每個研究室都有幾處根據科研項目需求建造的實驗室或試驗場，除了購置地方技術成熟的產品，大部分是自主研發的設備，他身旁的某新型試驗設備就是去年研發投入使用的。

2012年年底，國外發布了一款新型武器，根據科技人員掌握到的情況，其攻擊性能及其對防護工程的破壞性令人吃驚，很可能會導致許多防護工程失去其應有的效用。

關乎國防工程的安全問題，科學研究人員要盡快摸清該型武器的相關性能，而要掌握到最準確的資料，需要進行相關試驗。由於是新型武器，國內尚未有可以作為替代的試驗手段，而要報項申請研發試驗裝備，往往需要3年甚至更長的時間。這個現實難題讓研究院科研人員皺緊了眉頭，怎麼辦？

「成立由院士專家組成的專題課題攻關小組，群策群力攻堅克難。」科研人員報告情況後，研究院還請來全國相關領域的專家探討，經過多方科學論證，他們當即拍板兒，盡快開展試驗設備的研發。

2015年，在國內大多數同類型試驗裝備只能固定使用的情況下，研究院研發出某型試驗裝備。有了試驗裝備，課題組很快就開始進行某評估試驗課題的申報工作。如今，該研究小組成功進行武器威力研究、目標毀傷情況等試驗，並相應提出新的防護理念和結構。

「如今，軍事科研機構面臨的很大一個難題，就是如何充分調動科研人員的積極性、主動性和創新性。我們要盡力為科研人員及時提供先進的科研條件，保障創新研究。」該研究院領導說。近年來，他們先後建造1000多平方公尺、200餘台（套）設備軟體的工程綜合論證環境實驗室、動載和靜載試驗平台。

工欲善其事，必先利其器。目前，該研究院在持續抓好科研條件建設任務落實的同時，著眼於國內外現狀與相關專業的發展趨勢，積極籌劃新的科研條件建設項目，推動“重大地下工程安全”國家重點試驗室等申報工作。瞄準世界前沿武器的防護技術研究的某個主題將在剛建成的模擬試驗中心開展…

跑出國防科技創新“加速”

■衛東

習主席在出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，要加強國防科技創新，加速建立軍民融合創新體系，大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這一重要思想，深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律，為繁榮發展現代軍事科學指明了前進方向。

近年來，隨著科技戰略制高點朝向深地、深海、深空加速發展，戰爭形態和作戰樣式深刻嬗變，作戰理論轉化為戰場行動、技術物化為裝備的進程不斷加快，週期進一步縮短。不少軍事強國看到了智慧化軍事變革破曉的訊號，紛紛啟動新一輪軍事技術革新。

軍事競爭唯創新者勝。面對日新月異的科技發展態勢，軍事科研院所必須在國防科技博弈中率先投子佈勢、走開棋路，以軍事科研體系重塑為契機，站在保障打贏資訊化戰爭的全局高度，加緊推進戰略轉型，緊緊扭住自主創新這個“牛鼻子”，才能在邁進世界一流的宏闊征程中下好先手棋，掌握主動權。

錢學森曾說過，國防科技創新絕對不能滿足於「追尾巴」「照鏡子」。軍事科學研究院所應大膽構想，勇於解放思想，破除思維定式，對其長遠發展進行宏觀規劃，優化頂層設計。同時，也應進行前瞻性國防科技發展創新需求論證，自主超前展開基礎性、先導性、顛覆性創新技術研究，敏銳發現新質戰鬥力生成的新方向新領域，努力在世界軍事科技競爭中站上前沿、走在前面。

守不忘戰，將之任也；訓練有備，兵之事也。聚焦實戰是目標，也是牽引。軍事科研院所應牢固樹立研為戰思想，貫徹習主席「面向戰場、面向部隊、面向未來」的指示要求，按照「提高基於網路資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全域作戰能力」的要求，努力做到仗怎麼打科學研究就怎麼搞，打仗需要什麼科學研究就搞什麼，著力提升軍事科學研究創新對部隊戰鬥力的貢獻率，不斷為強軍興軍提供強而有力的科技支撐。

一流的軍隊需要一流的科學研究單位，一流的科學研究單位需要一流的人才。只有人才競相湧現，才有創新活力迸發。軍事科研院所應始終堅持人才培養的主陣地意識，突顯對軍事科研工作者創造性思維、創新型能力的培養，靠一流軍事人才創造一流軍事理論和一流軍事科技，為軍隊的肌體植入解碼未來戰爭的致勝基因。

習主席強調，要突顯抓好重點領域軍民科技協同創新。國防科技與武器裝備領域是軍民融合的重點，作為軍事科研院所，應注重對接國家戰略需求，融入國家科研體系，加強重大項目協同攻關，強化產研深度融合。依托軍地優勢資源，強化軍地戰略協作，建構國防科技成果共研共享、條件設施共建共用、通用標準軍地銜接的服務平台，形成國防科技開放融合創新發展新局面。

闊步前進，重塑重構不是小修小補，絕不能小打小鬧。必須抓住開局契機，釋放起跑動能，在重點領域、重要方向和重大任務上把步子邁起來、速度提上去，盡快打造新樣板，樹起新標桿，從而在世界軍事科技競爭中率先取得引領性成果，佔據若干戰略制高點、致勝點，以一流軍事科技打造一流作戰攻防體系，逐步實現一流軍隊的建設目標。

（作者單位：軍事科學學院國防工程研究院）

軍事科技創新要聚焦基礎科學研究，提升基礎研究支撐能力，築牢國防科技創新的根基。

近年來，我們在國防科技領域取得非常大的進展，但在一些關鍵技術上和國外仍存在差距，主要是因為基礎性研究不夠紮實，在專業基礎理論研究、數位化軍事模擬平台研發、大型分散式數值計算技術等方面仍有待提升。這些因素都在一定程度上限制了軍事領域的科研進步與發展，影響著前沿引領技術、現代工程技術、顛覆性技術創新等方面的產生與突破。

基礎性關鍵技術絕對買不來，靠從國外買二手技術是走不遠的。若要從規劃頂層設計、研究管理制度、研究人員激勵機制等面向入手，實際重視與扶持基礎研究工作，深入進行基礎研究工作，提升原始創新能力。

軍事科研機構必須破除軍民科技體系之間的“藩籬”，突顯抓好重點領域軍民科技協同創新。

隨著當前高新技術武器裝備迅速發展，戰爭樣式和形態推陳出新，對戰場建設提出了更高要求，要積極探索地球科學、高新技術裝備製造、自動控制等眾多學科，研究全局智能戰場建設。

基於此，軍事科研單位需要和地方協同合作，共同做好深部工程研究，在電子資訊、無人機、人工智慧和仿生技術等高新科技研究方向，整合軍隊地方優質資源，用全國最優質的科技資源建構現代軍事力量體系。對我們國防工程領域而言，要重視推進建築資訊模型（BIM）在軍事工程的應用，實現工程建設與運作維護的資訊化、精細化管理。

創新驅動實質上是人才驅動，誰擁有了一流的創新人才，誰就擁有了科技創新的優勢和主導權。

著眼當下，加強國防和軍隊建設最緊張的就是人才；放眼未來，實現軍隊建設跨越式發展最核心的還是人才。全力驅動人才培養引擎，才能強勢助推國防科技自主創新。

多年的科學研究工作經驗使我感到，人才培育工作是一項系統工程和策略任務，需要著眼全局，加強頂層設計，科學設置梯次，著力形成優秀人才競相湧現、人人爭當軍營「創客」的生動局面。人才培育有其固有的特點和規律，不可能一蹴而就、短期速成，需要牢固樹立科學的人才培養觀，以「功成不必在我，而功力必不唐捐」的思想境界和信心勇氣，久久為功、持續接力，才能把人才培養藍圖變成現實，為科技興軍提供堅實的人才支撐。

搞軍事科研如同打仗，有前瞻性視野才能贏得攻克難題的製高點，把握勝利的主動權。

近年來，國內外國防科技快速發展，陸海空天一體的全方位偵察技術不斷提升，戰場中以高度資訊化技術為支撐的兵力武器運用以及新式武器的問世，大大改變了未來戰爭的作戰樣式和特徵，科學研究人員要深刻掌握並立足未來戰爭特點，有針對性地進行創新性科學研究工作。

具體到國防工程研究領域，軍事科研人員要緊跟世界武器裝備和防護技術發展的前沿，既要注重防“硬殺傷”，也要注重防“軟殺傷”；既要注重對要害部位的防護，也要注重整體系統防護；既要搞好被動防護，也要追蹤研究主動防護和新型武器防護技術，推動顛覆性技術創新，努力提升國防工程戰場生存能力和作戰保障能力。

来源：中国军网综合

作者：潘娣 赵杰等责任编辑：柳晨

2018-05-02 

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.81.cn/2018zt/2018-05/02/content_8020899.htm

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Accelerate Innovation & Development of Chinese National Defence Science and Technology Support Modernization of China’s Military

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加速國防科技創新發展支撐軍隊現代化

2023年11月26日07:00

現代英語：

President Xi Jinping emphasized that military scientific research has a strong exploratory nature, and innovation must be placed in a more prominent position, strategic planning and top-level design must be done well, innovation in military theory, innovation in national defense science and technology, and innovation in organizational models of military scientific research must be strengthened, and The engine of military scientific research and innovation is running at full speed. This important statement by President Xi profoundly reveals the importance of national defense scientific and technological innovation and is the fundamental guideline for promoting the development of national defense scientific and technological innovation under the new situation. We must launch the engine of innovation and development of national defense science and technology at full speed, promote the high-quality development of national defense science and technology, and provide strong material and technical support to achieve the centenary goal of the founding of the army and comprehensively build a world-class army.

Strengthen basic research towards the development frontier

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are taking place, and the world’s new military revolution is accelerating, ushering in the era of moving from informatization to intelligence, which will inevitably bring about major evolutions in the form of war, major adjustments in military strategies, The combat methods have undergone major changes and the combat forces have undergone a major transformation. To promote the innovative development of national defense science and technology, we must adhere to the forefront of the world’s military science and technology development, the major needs of building a strong military, and the future battlefield, conscientiously explore the winning mechanism of future wars, continuously increase the contribution rate of national defense science and technology to war preparation, deterrence and victory, and seize the future military Injecting strong momentum into the commanding heights of competitive strategy.

Aim at the forefront of the world’s military science and technology, keep up with the world’s new military revolution, especially the development direction of military science and technology, seize the opportunities arising from the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution, strive to narrow the gap in key areas, and measure innovation by obtaining comparative advantages. The fundamental standards for development are to select the breakthrough points and focus points of scientific and technological innovation, strengthen forward-looking planning and design, allocate limited resources to major technological research, concentrate superior forces, vigorously conquer key technologies in the military field, and master a number of independent intellectual property rights. core technology. From structural design to force ratio to scientific research projects, we should seize the main research areas, reflect the development frontier, form overall advantages, and actively seek strategic initiative and military advantages.

With the continuous development of science and technology, the characteristics of multi-disciplinary professional cross-clustering and multi-field technology integration have become increasingly prominent. Big crossover, big integration, and big breakthroughs have become the basic laws of the development of modern military science. To promote the innovative development of national defense science and technology, we must strive to improve technological cognition, dare to explore new paths in construction ideas and technological paths, open up channels for transforming technological chains into industrial chains, and enhance national strategic capabilities and weapons and equipment development capabilities. It is necessary to follow the essential requirements and inherent laws of national defense science and technology, stand in the context of the national innovation system and military-civilian integrated collaborative innovation, accelerate the establishment of a strategic, basic, cutting-edge, and open scientific research and innovation platform, and promote the direction of national defense science and technology. Military theory and military technology are closely integrated, basic research and applied research promote each other, and independent innovation and absorption and reference are emphasized simultaneously. Adapt to the requirements of national defense science and technology innovation and development, do a good job in basic management, and establish a basic supporting management mechanism to ensure the development of national defense science and technology innovation; strengthen project management, and strive to form a classified, efficient, flexible, adaptive, and sustainable management mechanism and work process; Broaden technology transformation channels, establish and improve policy systems and mechanisms for the transformation and application of national defense scientific and technological achievements, and promote the rapid transformation and application of national defense scientific and technological innovation achievements.

Practice has proved that basic research is the key to how high and how far national defense science and technology innovation can “jump” and “run”. Therefore, we must focus on innovative basic and applied basic research, build a rich scientific reserve, correctly grasp the relationship between basic research and technology application, and provide strong support for promoting the innovative development of national defense science and technology. First, basic research should be regarded as the leading project to promote the innovation and development of national defense science and technology, and be placed in a strategic position of priority development. Sufficient and stable funding investment should be maintained, advance layout and priority support should be provided in several major areas, and new concepts, new principles, and New methods, striving to achieve major breakthroughs in basic, cutting-edge and strategic fields. Second, we must adhere to the use of systems engineering thinking and methods, correctly understand and scientifically guide basic research and technology application practices, not only promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, but also cultivate new technological growth points to form “basic research, development and application, and achievement transformation”. , a closed link to integrated application and re-innovation. Third, we must open up channels for the transformation of national defense scientific and technological achievements as soon as possible, and promote scientific research achievements to take root in building a world-class army and serving in war preparations. Actively explore scientific research collaboration in the form of technology groups, project groups, etc., strengthen military-civilian communication and collaboration, smooth channels for technical needs, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements as soon as possible.

Establish scientific research as a battle orientation and win the future through innovation

Focusing on actual combat is the core goal of military construction. We must regard the fundamental traction of adhering to combat needs as an important guiding principle for the innovative development of national defense science and technology. We must always aim at the innovative development of military theory and military science and technology for tomorrow’s war, and explore the formation of military theories that keep pace with the development of the times and the country. A national defense science and technology innovation system that is adapted to security needs and meets future combat requirements.

To promote the innovative development of national defense science and technology, we must firmly establish the fundamental orientation of scientific research for warfare, conduct in-depth research on the characteristics, combat styles, operational focus and winning mechanisms under informationized conditions, persist in guiding basic research and exploration of strategic frontier technologies based on operational needs, and further improve Scientific research projects focus on systems and mechanisms such as preparation for war. At the same time, we must keep a close eye on future combat opponents, accurately grasp the evolution of war forms and the development trends of world military science and technology, constantly update ideas and concepts, and scientifically plan today’s preparations, design tomorrow’s wars, and win on future battlefields. .

Combat effectiveness has always been the decisive factor in the success or failure of the army, and combat effectiveness standards are the only fundamental standards for military construction. The rapid development of high-tech with information technology as the core has resulted in unprecedented profound changes in the complexity of offensive and defensive warfare mechanisms, and has had an unprecedented profound impact on the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. Therefore, we must regard independent innovation as an important factor, component and way of realizing the transformation of the combat effectiveness generation model, be good at discovering the potential driving force of new technologies for the development of combat effectiveness, and promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation in the great practice of comprehensively realizing the goal of strengthening the military.

In order to adapt to the requirements of winning informationized and intelligent wars and focus on effectively fulfilling missions and tasks, it is necessary to adhere to the strategic basis of independent innovation, improve the scientific research collaborative innovation mechanism, create an integrated innovation platform, and comprehensively promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation. First, we should regard the weak links of national defense science and technology as the main direction of promoting independent innovation, and at the same time increase the intensity of original innovation, focus on mastering key core technologies in some important fields and technological frontiers, and strive to build a system that can continuously increase national defense science and technology reserves and A national defense science and technology innovation system that can enable rapid transformation. Correctly handle the relationship between key technologies and general technologies, general technologies and special technologies, traditional technologies and high and new technologies, achieve overall consideration and rational layout, and achieve mutual support and coordinated development of various technologies and disciplines. Second, we must grasp the needs for the development of national defense science and technology innovation, focus on solving problems in the science and technology management system, demand generation mechanism, scientific research planning system, etc., improve the overall effectiveness of scientific research, and create strong vitality to promote independent innovation. Vigorously promote the sharing of basic technical resources between the military and civilians, and establish and improve military-civilian standardization coordination mechanisms and technical service mechanisms. Third, we must improve the scientific and technological collaborative innovation policy and system of universities, scientific research institutes, enterprises, and governments, maximize the advantages of all aspects, strive to create an integrated innovation platform, and form an overall synergy to promote collaborative innovation of national defense science and technology.

Implement the strategy of strengthening the army with talents in the new era to unleash creative vitality

Promoting the innovation and development of national defense science and technology ultimately depends on high-level talents. Without a strong team of national defense science and technology talents, independent innovation will be water without a source and a tree without roots. Therefore, we must actively adapt to the requirements of national defense science and technology innovation and development, and vigorously build a systematic and high-level talent training platform to allow more high-quality and professional talents to emerge.

Firmly establish the concept of “talents are the first resource”, insist on cultivating talents as a major political task, and use the insight to recognize talents, the true love for talents, the methods of gathering talents, the courage to use talents, and the mind to accommodate talents, Boldly use strategic scientists to support young scientific and technological talents to take on important roles and assume important responsibilities, and continuously strengthen the team of leading scientific and technological talents and first-class innovation teams. We must adhere to the joint efforts of major national defense science and technology construction projects and talent construction projects, boldly select, use and temper various talents in the practice of major projects and major tasks, cultivate and create a new generation of scientific and technological talents and leading talents, and build the field of national defense science and technology and equipment into a national It is a highland for innovative talents and a fertile ground for talents to grow and prosper, forming a vivid situation in which the creative vitality of national defense science and technology talents bursts out. Clarify the evaluation methods and standards for national defense scientific and technological talents, improve the differentiated evaluation and policy support mechanism for national defense scientific and technological talents, and build an evaluation system that conforms to the laws of national defense science and technology and the laws of talent growth. Reform the science and technology management and personnel system, let scientific research management keep up with the pace of scientific and technological innovation, truly free up hands and feet, free up time and build a platform for scientific researchers, and hand over the stage of scientific research and innovation to them with confidence, so that they can play the leading role in scientific research and innovation. , sing a big show.

A scientific and fair evaluation mechanism plays a fundamental role in stimulating innovation. Practice has proved that any major breakthrough in the field of basic research is inseparable from long-term accumulation and repeated failures. This is an inevitable law of scientific development. Therefore, in the process of scientific research and production of national defense technology and weapons and equipment, we must not only encourage scientific researchers to have fantastic ideas, but also tolerate their failures in exploration and practice. It is advocated that the implementation of various scientific research plans should not be based on the number of papers and patents as project goals, but should focus on the acquisition of original results and allow a certain failure rate. Conduct peer evaluation of basic and cutting-edge technology research, highlight medium- and long-term goal orientation and original value, strive to create a fair competition environment that encourages innovation, and make great efforts to activate the “pool of spring water” for the innovation and development of national defense science and technology.

Comprehensively implement the strategy of strengthening the military with talents in the new era, further enhance the vitality of talent team building, maximize the innovation power of national defense science and technology talents, and fully mobilize their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity. Follow the growth rules of high-quality and professional military personnel, create an environment that recognizes, loves, respects, and utilizes talents, formulates policies and systems that combine competition incentives and advocating cooperation, promotes the orderly flow and rational distribution of human resources, and serves local talents to serve national defense Build a good platform for science and technology construction, and strive to create a good situation where people can make the best use of their talents, fully display their talents, and make full use of their talents.

(The author is a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences)

(Editors: Wang Zifeng, Song Meiqi)

現代國語：

習近平主席強調指出，軍事科學研究具有很強的探索性，要把創新擺在更加突出的位置，做好戰略謀劃和頂層設計，加強軍事理論創新、國防科技創新、軍事科研工作組織模式創新，把軍事科研創新的引擎全速發動。習主席的這一重要論述，深刻揭示了國防科技創新的重要性，是新形勢下推動國防科技創新發展的根本遵循。我們要全速發動國防科技創新發展的引擎，促進國防科技高品質發展，為實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標、全面建成世界一流軍隊提供強而有力的物質技術支撐。

面向發展前沿 加強基礎研究

當前，新一輪科技革命和產業變革正孕育興起，世界新軍事革命加速推進，拉開了從資訊化向智慧化邁進的時代大幕，必將帶來戰爭形態大演進、軍事戰略大調整、作戰方式大嬗變、作戰力量大轉型。推進國防科技創新發展，必須堅持面向世界軍事科技發展前沿，面向強軍實踐重大需求，面向未來戰場，認真探索未來戰爭制勝機理，不斷提高國防科技對備戰懾戰勝戰的貢獻率，為搶佔未來軍事競爭戰略制高點注入強勁動能。

瞄準世界軍事科技前沿，緊跟世界新軍事革命特別是軍事科技發展方向，緊緊抓住新一輪科技革命和產業革命正在興起的機遇，努力縮小關鍵領域的差距，以取得比較優勢作為衡量創新發展的根本標準，選準科技創新的突破口和著力點，加強前瞻謀劃設計，把有限的資源配置到重大技術攻關上，集中優勢力量，大力攻克軍事領域的關鍵技術，掌握一批擁有自主知識產權的核心技術。從結構設計到力量配比再到科研項目，都應抓住主要研究領域，體現發展前沿，形成整體優勢，積極謀求戰略主動和軍事優勢。

隨著科學技術不斷發展，多學科專業交叉群集、多領域技術融合整合的特徵日益凸顯，大交叉、大融合、大突破已成為現代軍事科學發展的基本規律。推進國防科技創新發展，要努力提陞技術認知能力，在建設思路、技術路徑上敢於蹚新路，打通技術鏈轉化為產業鏈的通道，提升國家戰略能力和武器裝備發展實力。要遵循國防科技的本質要求與內在規律，站在國家創新大體系、軍民一體化協同創新的大背景下，加速建立戰略性、基礎性、前沿性、開放性的科學研究創新平台，推動國防科技向軍事理論與軍事技術緊密結合、基礎研究與應用研究相互促進、自主創新與吸收借鑒並重舉轉變。適應國防科技創新發展要求，搞好基礎管理，配套建立確保國防科技創新發展的基礎支撐性管理機制﹔加強項目管理，努力形成分類分級、高效靈活、自適應、可持續的管理機制和工作流程﹔拓寬技術轉化管道，建立並改善國防科技成果轉化應用政策制度機制，推動國防科技創新成果快速轉化應用。

實踐証明，國防科技創新能「跳」多高、「跑」多遠，基礎研究是關鍵。因此，要著力抓好創新性基礎與應用基礎研究，搞好豐厚的科學儲備，正確掌握基礎研究與技術應用的關系，為推動國防科技創新發展提供強力支撐。一要把基礎研究作為推動國防科技創新發展的先導工程，放在優先發展的戰略位置來抓，保持足夠、穩定的經費投入，在若干重大領域提前佈局與優先支持，探索新概念、新原理、新方法，力爭在基礎性、前衛性、戰略性領域取得重大突破。二要堅持運用系統工程的思維與方法，正確認識與科學指導基礎研究與技術應用實踐，既要促進科技成果轉化運用，又要培育新的技術成長點，形成「基礎研究、開發應用、成果轉化，到整合應用再創新」的閉合鏈路。三要盡快打通國防科技成果轉化的管道，促進科學研究成果在建設世界一流軍隊和服務備戰打仗中落地生根。積極探索以技術群、項目群等形式開展科研協作攻關，加強軍地溝通協作，暢通技術需求通道，促進科技成果盡快實現轉型。

樹立科研為戰導向 以創新制勝未來

聚焦實戰是軍隊建設的核心目標，必須把堅持作戰需求的根本牽引作為國防科技創新發展的重要指導原則，始終瞄準明天的戰爭創新發展軍事理論和軍事科技，探索形成與時代發展同步伐、與國家安全需求相適應、滿足未來作戰要求的國防科技創新體系。

推進國防科技創新發展，必須穩固確立科研為戰的根本導向，深入研究資訊化條件下的作戰特點、作戰樣式、作戰重心和製勝機理，堅持以作戰需求牽引基礎研究和戰略前沿技術探索，進一步完善科學研究項目聚焦於備戰打仗等製度機制，同時要緊盯未來作戰對手，準確掌握戰爭形態演變趨勢、世界軍事科技發展趨勢，不斷更新思想觀念，科學籌劃今天的備戰、設計明天的戰爭、制勝未來的戰場。

戰鬥力始終是軍隊興衰成敗的決定性因素，戰鬥力標準是軍隊建設唯一的根本的標準。以資訊科技為核心的高新技術迅猛發展，戰爭攻防作戰機理的複雜程度發生了前所未有的深刻變化，對於戰鬥力的生成和提高產生了前所未有的深刻影響。因此，必須把自主創新作為戰鬥力生成模式轉變的重要因素、構成要素和實現途徑，善於發現新技術對戰鬥力發展的潛在推動力，在全面實現強軍目標的偉大實踐中促進國防科技創新發展。

為適應打贏資訊化與智慧化戰爭要求，著眼有效履行使命任務，就要堅持自主創新的戰略基點，完善科研協同創新機制，打造融合創新平台，全面推進國防科技創新發展。一要把國防科技的薄弱環節作為推進自主創新的主攻方向，同時加大原始性創新力度，著力在一些重要領域和科技前沿掌握關鍵核心技術，努力構建既能使國防科學技術儲備不斷增加、又能使之快速轉化的國防科技創新體系。正確處理重點技術與一般技術、一般技術與專用技術、傳統技術與高新技術的關系，做到統籌兼顧、合理佈局，實現各類技術、各類學科相互支撐、協調發展。二要掌握國防科技創新發展的需求，重點解決科技管理體制、需求生成機制、科學研究計畫體係等面向問題，提昇科研整體效益，形成推動自主創新的強大活力。大力推動技術基礎資源軍民共用分享，建立完善軍民標準化協調機制與技術服務機制。三要健全大學、科研院所、企業、政府的科技協同創新政策制度，最大限度發揮各方面的優勢，著力打造融合創新平台，形成推動國防科技協同創新的整體合力。

實施新時代人才強軍戰略 讓創造活力競相迸發

推進國防科技創新發展，歸根結底要靠高水準人才，如果沒有強大的國防科技人才隊伍，自主創新就是無源之水、無本之木。因此，必須積極適應國防科技創新發展要求，大力打造體系化、高層次的人才培養平台，讓更多高素質、專業化人才競相湧現。

穩固樹立「人才是第一資源」的觀念，堅持把培養人才作為一項重大的政治任務，以識才的慧眼、愛才的真情、聚才的方法、用才的膽略、容才的胸懷，大膽運用策略科學家，支持青年科技人才挑起大樑、擔重任，不斷壯大科技領軍人才隊伍和一流創新團隊。堅持國防科技重大建設工程和人才建設工程一起抓，在重大工程和重大任務實踐中大膽選拔、使用、錘煉各種人才，培養造就新一代科技帥才和領軍人才，把國防科技和裝備領域打造成國家創新人才的高地、人才成長興業的沃土，形成國防科技人才創造活力競相迸發的生動局面。明確國防科技人才的評價方式與標準，完善國防科技人才差異化評價與政策支援機制，建構符合國防科技規律和人才成長規律的評價體系。改革科技管理與人事制度，讓科學研究管理跟上科技創新的步伐，真正為科研人員放開手腳、騰出時間、搭建平台，把科研創新的舞台放心交給他們，讓他們在科研創新中當主角、唱大戲。

科學公平的評價機制對於激勵創新具有根本性的作用。實踐証明，任何一個基礎研究領域的重大突破都離不開長期的積累和多次的失敗，這是科學發展的必然規律。因此，在國防科技和武器裝備科學研究生產過程中，既要鼓勵科學研究人員有奇思妙想，又要寬容其在探索實踐中的失敗。提倡各類科學研究計劃的實施不以論文、專利數量為項目目標，注重原創成果的取得，允許一定的失敗比例。對基礎和前沿技術研究實行同行評價，突顯中長期目標導向和原創價值，著力營造激勵創新的公平競爭環境，下大力氣激活國防科技創新發展的「一池春水」。

全面貫徹實施新時代人才強軍戰略，進一步增強人才隊伍建設活力，最大限度激發國防科技人才的創新動力、充分調動他們的積極性、主動性和創造性。遵循高素質、專業化軍事人才成長規律，營造識才愛才敬才用才的環境，制定競爭激勵和崇尚合作相結合的政策制度，促進人才資源有序流動、合理佈局，為地方人才服務國防科技建設搭建好平台，著力形成人盡其才、盡展其才、才盡其用的良好局面。

（作者係軍事科學院系統工程研究院研究員、博士生導師）

(責編：王之鋒、宋美琪)

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2023/1126/c1011-40125888.html

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China to Accelerate Improvement of Military Force Structure

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中國將加速改善軍隊結構

現代英語：

In his report to the 20th CPC National Congress, President Xi Jinping pointed out that we should comprehensively strengthen military governance, consolidate and expand the achievements of national defense and military reform, improve the military force structure, and systematically optimize military policies and systems. Improving the military force structure is an important part of comprehensively strengthening military governance and an inevitable requirement for promoting the modernization of the military’s organizational form in the new era and new journey. At present, the form of war is accelerating its evolution towards information-based and intelligent warfare. To improve the ability to win, it is necessary to further accelerate the improvement of the military force structure and provide strong support for winning military competitive advantages.

Prospective development trend of military force structure

The vigorous development of high-tech groups represented by artificial intelligence is accelerating the development of intelligent warfare. To adapt to the changes in the form of war, the military force structure is accelerating its transformation to an automatic empowerment, dynamic adaptation, and autonomous organization structure.

Transform from a control structure to an automatic empowerment structure. The battlefield environment in the future will be more complex and changeable, and the OODA cycle will be greatly compressed. Striving for time advantage and speed of action, and agile conversion of offensive and defensive situations will become an inevitable requirement for seizing the initiative in combat. In the traditional form of warfare, the military mainly exerts influence internally through management activities such as planning, organization, command, coordination, and control. Practice has proved that the layer-by-layer transmission organizational structure is not only slow in response, but also relatively conservative and rigid, and cannot adapt to the rapidly changing new environment. The future military force structure will accelerate its development in the direction of empowerment, and achieve the purpose of empowering capabilities and energy through more authorization. Compared with the traditional military force structure, it pays more attention to stimulating people’s autonomous capabilities and strives to maximize the talents and potential of individuals within the organization.

Transform from a solidified structure to a dynamic adaptive structure. In the traditional military force structure, the boundaries are fixed and clear, and the organization is stable and orderly. In the form of intelligent warfare, in order to adapt to the complex and changing external environment, the boundaries of the military force structure will gradually open up, and the internal subsystems will support rapid interaction of information, resources, creativity, vitality, etc. without destroying the existing structure, so as to run more smoothly. Compared with the traditional military force structure, the future military force structure must maintain a relatively stable appearance and architecture, and realize the free flow of information and resources within the organization. Through process reengineering, system integration and information openness, the timeliness, flexibility and innovation of the army will be enhanced.

Transformation from manual organization to autonomous organization. In the form of intelligent warfare, the types of combat forces have greatly increased, including multi-domain diversified combat forces from space to deep sea, from aircraft carriers to micro-robots, etc. The complexity of the system has put forward higher requirements on the depth and breadth of decision-makers’ thinking. It is difficult for commanders and staff groups to complete the most reasonable combat organization in a short period of time. Using intelligent command and control systems to organize combat organizations has become the best choice. Thanks to the powerful computing and analysis capabilities of artificial intelligence, the intelligent command and control system can comprehensively evaluate the type characteristics, combat readiness, and scope of application of combat forces according to combat missions and battlefield environment changes, and even combine the ability, quality, personality characteristics, personal experience and other factors of commanders. Through network calculation, it can be deduced that the combat organization with complementary advantages, balanced strength, and optimal efficiency is obtained.

Deeply understand the operation mechanism of military force structure

In the process of integrated development of mechanization, informatization and intelligence, artificial intelligence will be deeply involved in the entire process of military operations, which will have a profound impact on the operating mechanism of the military force structure and give birth to new mechanisms that are very different from traditional operating models.

The “complementary cooperation” operation of human-machine integration. Compared with humans, machines have obvious advantages in storage, computing and other capabilities, and have the characteristics of accuracy, speed, repeatability, and limited intelligence. In the era of intelligence, people’s positioning has gradually shifted to macro-control and indirect participation in combat, focusing on controlling strategic key content and nodes such as the timing of launching a war, scale level, style intensity, process development, and ending time. With the support of big data, network information systems and various algorithms, machines mainly complete activities such as data analysis, quantitative judgment, and trend prediction, quickly generate, optimize and evaluate combat plans, and provide humans with faster, more comprehensive and accurate decision-making assistance. Under normal circumstances, people have the final decision-making power in combat command, but in the near future, it may become a reality for machines to have the final decision-making power.

Intelligent embedded “process specification” operation. It is generally believed that “process specification” refers to the process of standardizing and standardizing the combat command and control process. In the “process specification” model, the subject responsible for specific execution is more likely to carry out activities in accordance with existing specifications and pre-settings. The real role is played by the designer of the process. Algorithms, models and other preset elements are the key to command and control activities. Compared with the traditional structural operation mode, the “process specification” model can enable command and control actions to run in an orderly manner under the established process by internalizing people’s target requirements, work specifications, combat plans, etc. into algorithms, models, and systems in advance. For example, in the intelligent situational awareness system, various tasks such as target search, tracking and positioning, and data collection can be carried out one by one according to the pre-set procedures. Although the relevant subjects involve various fields or departments, the operation of the entire system will be orderly under the unified algorithm specification.

Highly autonomous “results first” operation. “Results first” means that the output results of combat command and control activities are regulated and standardized, but no requirements are made for the process of the activities, that is, “only results, no process”. When the combat mission is too complex and the command and control process is not easy to standardize, it is necessary to formulate detailed and clear institutional norms to fully and accurately describe the final goal. The executors can take the initiative to decide the implementation method by themselves, and the structure will operate faster and more efficiently. Under the conditions of future information and intelligent warfare, the independent operation of unmanned systems, the adaptive organization of military organizations, and the task-based command method based on big data, cloud computing and network information systems have put forward higher requirements for the command and control mode. The “results first” mode is the best choice. In particular, some intelligent weapon platforms in the future will have autonomous decision-making power, and will be able to independently formulate tactical strategies, implement target detection, determine the order of target strikes, and perform a series of combat operations under the guidance of combat objectives set by humans.

Exploring practical paths for innovation in military force structure

Improving the military force structure is a dynamic development process with its own laws and implementation paths, and requires multi-domain advancement and in-depth development.

The size of the army remains stable and the composition of its forces continues to be optimized. Comrade Mao Zedong once pointed out that “any quality is expressed in a certain quantity, and without quantity there is no quality.” In today’s world, the size of the army is still an important indicator for measuring the strength of military power. It is a common practice for military powers to optimize their military forces on the basis of maintaining a certain scale. In recent years, major countries in the world have adjusted the organizational form of their armies, taking the development of new combat forces as an important support for leading the construction of the force system of their troops, adjusting and optimizing the military force system, and seeking new military breakthroughs. With an eye on future wars, military forces should continue to optimize and improve on the basis of maintaining a certain scale, increase the proportion of combat forces in new domains and new qualities, accelerate the development of unmanned intelligent combat forces, further highlight eliteness, strengthen the construction of intelligent logistics support forces, and build a lean, versatile, and efficient combat force structure.

The structure of the military services is cross-domain coordinated and integrated across all domains. As the combat space expands to network, electromagnetic, cognitive and other spaces, the structure of the military services is gradually integrated into an organic whole. In future wars, combat troops will not only need to perform combat missions in the physical space, but also need to deal with threats from network, cognitive and other spaces. The boundaries of operations between the military services will gradually blur. To adapt to this trend, the pace of innovation in the structure of the military services must be accelerated. Foreign militaries believe that the future innovation and development of the military services structure will be promoted in two ways: physical integration and virtual integration. First, a cross-domain combat force covering land, sea, air, space, power grid, and cognitive fields will be established, running through the structural boundaries of different fields, concentrating multi-domain combat capabilities based on a single domain, and generating deep joint combat capabilities. Second, the virtualization of the organization of each military service and the integration of capabilities. A single military service can aggregate the combat capabilities of multiple military services at any time, and achieve cross-domain integration of combat effectiveness while the combat forces are widely dispersed.

The combat force system takes into account specialization and synthesis. The development of future combat forces not only focuses on the subdivision of specialized combat force types, but also emphasizes the deep integration of multiple combat forces. With the expansion of war space and the continuous application of cutting-edge technologies, many new combat forces that adapt to unique combat styles will inevitably appear in various combat domains. The future integrated joint operations require the integration of various combat forces and close coordination between various professions. Therefore, the adjustment of the combat force system needs to start with cross-domain integration, accelerate the integration of combat forces, focus on promoting the integration of combat forces at the strategic, campaign, and tactical levels, the integration of horizontal functional fields, and the integration of combat and non-combat fields, so as to make the combat force system more scientific.

The new and old combat forces are organized into a multi-functional integrated system that enhances each other’s effectiveness. From the perspective of the development trend of world military transformation, although the status and role of new combat forces are constantly strengthening, traditional combat forces still play an important role. In the future, the innovation of military force structure should maximize the system synergy of new and old combat forces by adjusting the structure and optimizing the organization, extending the level of new combat forces downward, accelerating the integration of combat forces in the fields of network, space, cognition, and other fields with traditional combat forces such as land, sea, and air at the campaign and tactical levels, and deploying new combat force units at the campaign level, and dispersing them downward as appropriate, and connecting to the organizational sequence of various military forces at any time according to combat needs. (Tong Yunhe and Yan Xiaofeng)

(Editors: Chen Yu, Tang Song)

現代國語：

習近平主席在黨的二十大報告中指出，要全面加強治軍，鞏固拓展國防和軍事改革成果，完善軍隊結構，系統優化軍事政策和製度。完善軍隊結構，是全面加強軍事治理的重要內容，是新時代新征程推進軍隊組織形態現代化的必然要求。目前，戰爭形態正在加速向資訊化、智慧化戰爭演變。提升打贏能力，要進一步加速軍隊結構完善，為贏得軍事競爭優勢提供強力支撐。

前瞻軍事力量結構編成發展趨勢

以人工智慧為代表的高技術群的蓬勃發展，正推動智慧化戰爭加速走來。適應戰爭形態變化，軍事力量結構正加速轉向自動賦能型、動態適應型、自主編成型結構。

由控制型結構轉換成自動賦能型結構。未來戰場環境更加複雜多變，OODA循環週期大為壓縮，爭取時間優勢與行動速度、靈敏轉換攻防態勢成為奪取作戰主動權的必然要求。傳統戰爭形態下，軍隊主要透過計畫、組織、指揮、協調、控制等管理活動對內施加影響。實務證明，逐層傳遞式組織結構不僅反應速度緩慢，而且相對保守固化，無法適應快速變化的新環境。未來軍事力量結構將加速朝向賦能方向發展，透過更多授權達成賦予能力和能量的目的。其與傳統軍事力量結構相比，更重視激發人的自主能力，力求最大化組織內部個體的才智與潛能。

由固化型結構轉變為動態適應型結構。傳統軍事力量結構中，邊界固定清晰，組織穩定性秩序性強。智慧化戰爭形態下，為適應複雜多變的外部環境，軍事力量結構邊界將逐漸開放，內部各子系統之間在不破壞現有結構的情況下，支持資訊、資源、創意、活力等快速交互，以便運作更加流暢。相較於傳統軍事力量結構，未來軍事力量結構既保持相對穩定的外形和架構，又須實現資訊和資源在組織內部的自由流動，透過流程再造、體系整合和資訊開放，軍隊的時敏性、靈活性和創新性將得到加強。

由人工編成向自主編成轉變。智慧化戰爭形態下，作戰力量種類極大增多，包括從太空到深海、從航空母艦到微型機器人等多域多元化作戰力量，其體系複雜性對決策者思維深度和廣度提出了更高的要求，指揮和參謀群體很難在短時間內完成最合理的作戰編組，借助智慧指揮控制系統來進行作戰編組便成了最優選擇。由於人工智慧的強大運算和分析能力，智慧指揮控制系統能夠根據作戰任務和戰場環境變化，綜合評估作戰力量的類型特徵、戰備狀況、適用範圍，甚至結合指揮人員的能力素質、性格特徵、個人經驗等因素，可透過網算推演得出優勢互補、力量平衡、效能最優的作戰編組。

深度掌握軍事力量結構運作機理

在機械化資訊化智慧化融合發展過程中，人工智慧深度介入軍隊運作全流程，對軍事力量結構運作機制將產生深刻影響，並催生出與傳統運作模式迥異的新機制。

人機融合的「互補合作」式運作。相較於人類，機器的儲存、運算等能力優勢明顯，具有精準性、快速性、重複性、有限智能等特徵。在智慧化時代，人的定位逐漸轉向宏觀控制和間接參與作戰，聚焦戰爭發動時機、規模層次、樣式強度、進程發展、結束時機等戰略性關鍵內容和節點。而機器在大數據、網路資訊系統和各類演算法支撐下，主要完成數據分析、定量判斷、趨勢預測等活動，快速生成、優化和評估作戰計劃，為人類提供更快捷、全面、準確的決策輔助。通常情況下，人具有作戰指揮的最終決策權，但在不遠的將來，機器擁有最終決策權或將成為現實。

智慧內嵌的「流程規範」式運作。一般認為，「流程規範」是指對作戰指揮控制過程進行規範和標準化的過程。在「流程規範」模式中，負責具體執行的主體更多是按照既有規範標準和預先設定展開活動，真正發揮作用的是流程的設計者，算法、模型等預置要素是指揮控制活動的關鍵。相較於傳統結構運作模式，「流程規範」模式透過預先將人的目標要求、工作規範、作戰計畫等內化為演算法、模型、制度，能夠使指揮控制行動在既定流程下有序運作。例如，在智慧化態勢感知系統中，目標搜尋、追蹤定位、資料收集等各項任務可以根據預先設定的程序逐次展開，相關主體雖然涉及各個領域或部門，但在統一演算法規範下整個體系運行將井然有序。

高度自主的「結果優先」式運作。 「結果優先」是指對作戰指揮控制活動的輸出結果進行規範和標準化，但對活動過程不作要求，即「只求結果、不問過程」。當作戰任務過於複雜、指揮控制過程不易進行標準化時，需要透過制定詳盡明確的製度規範以全面準確描述最終目標，執行者可以發揮能動性自行決定實現方式，結構運作更加快捷高效。在未來資訊化智慧化戰爭條件下，無人系統獨立運作、軍隊組織自適應編組以及基於大數據、雲端運算和網路資訊系統的任務式指揮方式等，對指揮控制模式提出了更高的要求，「結果優先」模式便是最佳選擇。特別是未來部分智慧武器平台將具有自主決策權，能夠在人類設定的作戰目標指引下，自主制定戰術策略、實施目標探測、確定目標打擊順序，執行一系列作戰行動。

探索軍事力量結構創新實踐路徑

完善軍事力量結構編成是一個動態的發展過程，有自身的規律與實現路徑，需要多域推進、縱深發展。

軍隊規模保持穩定、力量組成持續優化。毛澤東同誌曾經指出，「任何品質都表現為一定的數量，沒有數量也就沒有質量。」當今世界，軍隊規模仍是衡量軍事力量強弱的重要指標，軍事力量在維持一定規模的基礎上進行優化是軍事強國的通行做法。近年來，世界各主要國家紛紛調整軍隊組織形態，把發展新型作戰力量作為引領部隊力量體系建設的重要支撐，調整優化軍事力量體系，尋求新的軍事突破。著眼於未來戰爭，軍事力量應在保持一定規模基礎上不斷優化完善，增加新域新質作戰力量比重，加快無人智能作戰力量發展，更加突出精銳化，加強智能化後勤保障力量建設，構建精幹、多能、高效的作戰力量結構。

軍兵種結構跨域協同、全域融合。隨著作戰空間向網路、電磁、認知等空間拓展，軍兵種結構也逐漸融為一體有機的整體。未來戰爭，作戰部隊既需要執行物理空間的作戰任務，也需要應對來自網路、認知等空間的威脅，軍兵種之間作戰的界線將逐漸模糊。適應這種趨勢，軍兵種結構創新必須加快腳步。外軍認為，未來的軍兵種結構創新發展將採取實體融合與虛擬整合兩種方式來推進。一是組成覆蓋陸海空天電網以及認知等領域的跨域作戰部隊，貫穿不同領域結構邊界，以單域為基礎集中多域作戰能力，生成深度聯合作戰能力。二是各軍兵種編制虛擬化、能力一體化，單一軍兵種能夠隨時聚合多軍兵種作戰能力，在作戰力量廣域分散的同時實現作戰效能跨域融合。

作戰力量體系兼顧專業化、合成化。未來作戰力量的發展既注重專業化的作戰力量類型細分，也強調多種作戰力量的深度融合。隨著戰爭空間的拓展和前沿技術的不斷應用，在各作戰域內必將出現許多適應獨特作戰樣式的新型作戰力量。而未來的一體化聯合作戰，需要各種作戰力量一體融合，各專業之間密切協同。因此，調整作戰力量體系需要從跨域融合方面入手，加快推進作戰力量一體化，重點推動作戰力量在戰略、戰役、戰術層級的融合，橫向職能領域的融合，作戰與非作戰領域的融合等，使作戰力量體系更科學。

新舊作戰力量編成多能一體、相互增效。從世界軍事變革發展趨勢來看，新型作戰力量的地位作用雖然不斷強化，但傳統作戰力量仍扮演重要角色。未來軍事力量結構創新，要透過調整結構和優化編組等方式最大限度發揮新舊作戰力量的體系合力，向下延伸新型作戰力量層級，加速網絡、太空、認知等領域作戰力量與陸海空等傳統作戰力量在戰役戰術層面的結合，編製戰役級新型作戰力量單元，並視情向下分散​​配屬，根據作戰需要隨時接入各軍種部隊編制序列。 （童蘊河 閔曉峰）

(編按：陳羽、唐宋)

2022年12月15日09:28 |

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.people.com.cn/n1/2022/1215/c1011-32587690888.html

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Majority of Chinese Military Officers & Soldiers Firmly Emphasize: Seize Historical Opportunity to Build a Strong Network Warfare Capability

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廣大官兵堅定強調：把握歷史機會建構強大網路戰能力

現代英語：

In recent days, the entire army and armed police forces have organized officers and soldiers in various forms to seriously study and discuss the important speech delivered by President Xi at the National Conference on Cybersecurity and Informatization. The officers and soldiers firmly expressed that they must earnestly study and implement the spirit of President Xi’s important speech, keenly seize the historical opportunity of informatization development, strengthen military-civilian integration in the field of cybersecurity and informatization, independently innovate and promote the construction of a cyber power, and make new contributions to winning the decisive battle to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, winning the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

From April 20 to 21, the National Cybersecurity and Informatization Work Conference was held in Beijing. Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and Director of the Central Cybersecurity and Informatization Commission, attended the meeting and delivered an important speech. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Tao

Seize the historical opportunity to build a strong cyber power

——Officers and soldiers of the entire army and armed police force earnestly studied and implemented President Xi’s important speech at the National Conference on Cybersecurity and Informatization

Beijing, April 23 (People’s Liberation Army Daily) – In recent days, the entire army and armed police forces have organized officers and soldiers in various forms to seriously study and discuss the important speech delivered by President Xi at the National Conference on Cybersecurity and Informatization. The officers and soldiers firmly expressed that they must earnestly study and implement the spirit of President Xi’s important speech, keenly seize the historical opportunity of informatization development, strengthen military-civilian integration in the field of cybersecurity and informatization, independently innovate and promote the construction of a cyber power, and make new contributions to winning the decisive battle to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, winning the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

“Informatization has brought a golden opportunity to the Chinese nation.” After studying President Xi’s important speech, the cadres of various departments of the CMC and the theater of operations were full of confidence. Many cadres mentioned in the discussion that President Xi’s important speech, starting from the overall situation of the party and the country, systematically explained the rich connotation of the strategic thinking of building a cyber power, scientifically answered a series of directional, overall, fundamental and strategic issues related to the long-term development of the cyber and information industry, pointed out the direction for grasping the historical opportunities of the information revolution, strengthening network security and informatization, and accelerating the construction of a cyber power, and provided a fundamental guideline, which is of great and far-reaching significance.

On December 25, 2015, when President Xi inspected the PLA Daily, he typed on the Weibo and WeChat publishing platforms of the PLA Daily and sent a Weibo to congratulate all officers and soldiers on the New Year; on the eve of the 2017 Spring Festival, when President Xi inspected the “Great Merit Third Company” of a certain army unit, he stopped in front of an electronic screen and listened to the officers and soldiers’ report on their study and education through the “Learning Barracks” mobile phone APP… President Xi’s concern for the military’s cybersecurity work has inspired the officers and soldiers. Everyone said that the Party Central Committee and President Xi attach great importance to the Internet, the development of the Internet, and the governance of the Internet, and have coordinated major issues involving informatization and cybersecurity in the political, economic, cultural, social, and military fields, made a series of major decisions, and put forward a series of major measures to promote the historic achievements of the cybersecurity cause. Officers and soldiers of a certain brigade of the Rocket Force said that the achievements made in the network construction of our country and the army fully demonstrate that the decisions of the Party Central Committee on strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the Party over cybersecurity work and the series of strategic deployments made for cybersecurity work since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China are completely correct.

In recent years, a certain brigade of the 74th Group Army has closely followed the characteristics of young officers and soldiers and actively explored new models of online political work, which has been welcomed by young officers and soldiers. During the discussion, Luo Yingli, an officer of the Propaganda Section of the brigade, said that we must actively promote innovations in online propaganda concepts, content, forms, methods, and means, grasp the timing and effectiveness, and unite and gather the officers and soldiers with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and work tirelessly to achieve the goal of strengthening the army.

During the study and discussion, Li Kangjun, instructor of the second missile company of the air defense battalion of a brigade of the 75th Group Army, said with deep feeling that the newly revised “Internal Affairs Regulations (Trial)” revised the regulations on the use of mobile phones and the Internet, and added new behavioral norms for military personnel such as online shopping and the use of new media. As soldiers, we must firmly establish a correct view of network security and strictly abide by the relevant regulations of the state and the military. Fan Jianli, political commissar of a brigade of the 80th Group Army, said that we must strengthen the network security protection of information infrastructure, strengthen the construction of network security information coordination mechanisms, means, and platforms, strengthen the construction of emergency command capabilities for network security incidents, and actively develop the network security industry to move the checkpoints forward and prevent problems before they occur.

Whoever masters the Internet will seize the initiative of the times; whoever occupies the commanding heights in informatization will be able to seize the initiative, gain advantages, win security, and win the future. Experts from the Academy of Military Sciences, the National Defense University, and the National University of Defense Technology believe that the integration of military and civilian networks is a key and frontier area of ​​military and civilian integration, and is also the most dynamic and potential area of ​​military and civilian integration. We must seize the historical opportunities of the current information technology revolution and the new military revolution, deeply understand the inherent relationship between productivity and combat effectiveness, the market and the battlefield, grasp the working mechanism and laws of the integration of military and civilian networks, and promote the formation of a pattern of deep integration and development of military and civilian networks with full factors, multiple fields, and high efficiency.

Studying President Xi’s important speech has given leaders at all levels a strong sense of mission and urgency. Leaders of a certain air force brigade of the Eastern Theater Command, a certain armed police unit, and the Shenyang Joint Logistics Support Center said that they should actively adapt to the requirements of informatization, strengthen Internet thinking, and continuously improve their ability to grasp the laws of the Internet, guide online public opinion, control the development of informatization, and ensure network security. The Party Committee of a Red Army Corps of the Xinjiang Military Region has decided to include Internet information work in the Party Committee’s key work plan and important agenda, and use the Internet to solve the problems of “difficult, slow, and complicated work” that officers and soldiers strongly reflect.

Talent is the key to promoting the construction of a cyber power. A scientific and technological personnel of a unit of the Strategic Support Force said that in today’s world, network information technology is developing rapidly and has become a competitive highland for global technological innovation. We must continuously improve our own capabilities and qualities, focus on cutting-edge technologies and key core technologies, and work hard to overcome difficulties. A group of people from the Party Committee of a combat support ship detachment of the South China Sea Fleet said that it is necessary to study and formulate an overall plan for the development of talents in the field of cyber security, promote the reform of the talent development system and mechanism, and let the creative vitality of talents compete and burst out, and their wisdom and talents fully flow.

Informatization brings new opportunities for strengthening the military in the new era. During the study and discussion, the officers and soldiers said that they should firmly establish the idea of ​​information-led and system construction, take positive and proactive actions, unswervingly take informatization as the development direction of the modernization of the military, take the network information system as a starting point, promote the leapfrog development of our military’s informatization construction, and comprehensively improve our military’s system combat capabilities.

(Reporter Zhang Kejin of the PLA Daily, special correspondent Wang Xuechao, correspondents Zheng Guangbin, Li Hengjian, Chen Hongjia, Wan Yongkang, Zhang Qiang, Yu Wenbin, Li Yunfeng, Meng Zhuolin, Li Jiahao, Tan Wenwei, Wang Yuting, Cao Zhiguo, Xu Fengfang, Hou Wei, Chen Zhi, Luo Kunkang, Li Guolin, Ma Yixun, Zhao Lei, Yang Guiliang)

現代國語：

來源：中國軍網綜合作者：張科進 等責任編輯：杜汶紋
2018-04-24

連日來，全軍和武警部隊以各種形式組織官兵認真學習討論習主席在全國網路安全和資訊化工作會議上發表的重要講話。廣大官兵堅定表示，要認真學習貫徹落實習主席的重要講話精神，敏銳抓住資訊化發展的歷史機遇，加強網信領域軍民融合，自主創新推進網絡強國建設，為決勝全面建成小康社會、奪取新時代中國特色社會主義偉大勝利、實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢作出新的貢獻。

4月20日至21日，全國網路安全與資訊化工作會議在北京召開。中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席、中央網路安全和資訊化委員會主任習近平出席會議並發表重要演講。新華社記者 李濤 攝

抓住歷史機會　建設網絡強國

——全軍和武警部隊官兵認真學習貫徹習主席在全國網路安全和資訊化工作會議上的重要講話

解放軍報北京4月23日電 連日來，全軍和武警部隊以各種形式組織官兵認真學習討論習主席在全國網路安全和資訊化工作會議上發表的重要講話。廣大官兵堅定表示，要認真學習貫徹落實習主席的重要講話精神，敏銳抓住資訊化發展的歷史機遇，加強網信領域軍民融合，自主創新推進網絡強國建設，為決勝全面建成小康社會、奪取新時代中國特色社會主義偉大勝利、實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢作出新的貢獻。

「資訊化為中華民族帶來了千載難逢的機會。」學習習主席的重要講話，軍委機關各部門和各戰區機關幹部信心滿懷。許多幹部在討論中談到，習主席的重要講話，從黨和國家事業全局出發，系統闡釋了網絡強國戰略思想的豐富內涵，科學回答了事關信事業長遠發展的一系列方向性、全局性、根本性、戰略性問題，為把握資訊革命歷史機會、加強網路安全和資訊化工作、加速推進網路強國建設指明了前進方向，提供了根本遵循，具有重大而深遠的意義。

2015年12月25日，習主席視察解放軍報社時，在軍報微博微信發布平台敲擊鍵盤，發出一條微博向全軍官兵祝賀新年；2017年春節前夕，習主席視察陸軍某部「大功三連」時，駐足一塊電子螢幕前，聽取官兵透過「學習軍營」手機APP開展學習教育的報告……習主席對軍隊網信工作的關心讓廣大官兵振奮不已。大家表示，黨中央、習主席高度重視互聯網、發展互聯網、治理互聯網，統籌協調涉及政治、經濟、文化、社會、軍事等領域資訊化和網路安全重大議題，做出一系列重大決策、提出一系列重大舉措，推動網信事業取得歷史性成就。火箭軍某旅官兵說，我們國家和軍隊網絡建設取得的成就充分錶明，黨的十八大以來黨中央關於加強黨對網信工作集中統一領導的決策和對網信工作作出的一系列戰略部署是完全正確的。

近年來，第74集團軍某旅緊貼青年官兵特點，積極探索網路政治工作新模式，受到青年官兵歡迎。討論中，該旅宣傳科幹事羅映力說，我們要積極推進網上宣傳理念、內容、形式、方法、手段等創新，把握好時度效，用習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想和黨的十九大精神團結、凝聚廣大官兵，為實現強軍目標不懈奮鬥。

學習討論中，第75集團軍某旅防空營導彈二連指導員李康君深有感觸地談到，新修訂的《內務條令（試行）》修改了移動電話和互聯網使用管理等方面規定，新增了軍人網絡購物、新媒體使用等行為規範。身為軍人，我們要牢固樹立正確的網路安全觀，嚴格遵守國家和軍隊的相關規定。第80集團軍某旅政委範建立說，我們要加強資訊基礎設施網路安全防護，加強網路安全資訊統籌機制、手段、平台建設，加強網路安全事件緊急指揮能力建設，積極發展網路安全產業，做到關口前移，防患於未然。

誰掌握了互聯網，誰就把握住了時代主動權；誰在資訊化上佔據制高點，誰就能夠掌握先機、贏得優勢、贏得安全、贏得未來。軍事科學院、國防大學、國防科技大學的專家認為，網信軍民融合是軍民融合的重點領域與前沿領域，也是軍民融合最具活力與潛力的領域。我們要抓住當前資訊科技變革和新軍事變革的歷史機遇，深刻理解生產力和戰鬥力、市場和戰場的內在關係，把握網信軍民融合的工作機理和規律，推動形成全要素、多領域、高效益的軍民深度融合發展的模式。

學習習主席重要講話，讓各級領導幹部產生了強烈的使命感和緊迫感。東部戰區空軍某旅、武警某部、瀋陽聯勤保障中心等部隊領導表示，要主動適應資訊化要求、強化網路思維，不斷提升對網路規律的掌握能力、對網路輿論的引導能力、對資訊化發展的駕馭能力、對網路安全的保障能力。新疆軍區某紅軍團黨委研究決定，將網信工作納入黨委重點工作計畫和重要議程，用網路解決官兵反映強烈的「辦事難、辦事慢、辦事繁」等議題。

推動網路強國建設，人才是關鍵。戰略支援部隊某部科技人員表示，當今世界，網路資訊科技發展日新月異，成為全球科技創新的競爭高地。我們要不斷提升自身能力素質，瞄準前緣技術和關鍵核心技術集中力量、刻苦攻關。南海艦隊某作戰支援艦支隊黨委一班人表示，要研究制定網信領域人才發展整體規劃，推動人才發展體制機制改革，讓人才的創造活力競相迸發、聰明才智充分湧流。

資訊化為新時代強軍事業帶來新機會。學習討論中，廣大官兵表示，要牢固確立資訊主導、體系建設的思想，積極主動作為，堅定不移把信息化作為軍隊現代化建設發展方向，以網絡信息體系為抓手，推動我軍信息化建設實現跨越式發展，全面提升我軍體係作戰能力。

（解放軍報記者張科進，特約記者汪學潮，通訊員鄭廣斌、李恆劍、陳洪佳、萬永康、張強、餘文彬、李雲峰、蒙卓霖、李佳豪、譚文偉、王雨婷、曹志國、徐風芳、侯偉、陳陟、羅坤康、李果霖、馬藝訓、趙磊、楊貴良）

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.81.cn/2018qgwlaq/2018-04/24/content_8014888.htm

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dissipative Warfare, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國的情報戰, 中國的耗散戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事應用與比特幣在未來戰爭中的應用, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍隊做好戰爭準備, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知域戰, 認知戰

China to Vigorously Strengthen National Defense Technology Innovation

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中國將大力加強國防科技創新

現代英語：

President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integrated innovation system, and vigorously improve the national defense science and technology independent innovation capabilities. This profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development, and points out the direction for comprehensively implementing the strategy of developing the military through science and technology in the new era, creating a new situation for strengthening the military, and promoting the modernization of national defense and the military.

In his important speech at the plenary meeting of the People’s Liberation Army and Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi Jinping pointed out that we should strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integrated innovation system, and vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology. This important thought profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development, points out the direction for comprehensively implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the military through science and technology in the new era, creating a new situation for strengthening and rejuvenating the military, and promoting the modernization of national defense and the military. It has great historical significance and far-reaching practical significance.

Vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology

Only innovators can win in international military competition. We must place innovation in an important position in the overall development of our military, firmly grasp the strategic basis of independent innovation in national defense science and technology, and significantly improve our independent innovation capabilities in national defense science and technology.

Strengthen basic research and key technology research for national strategic needs. President Xi stressed that real core key technologies cannot be bought with money, relying on imported weapons and equipment is unreliable, and taking the path of importing and imitating will not go far. Only by attaching importance to basic research can we always maintain independent innovation capabilities. We must attach great importance to original professional basic theoretical breakthroughs, strengthen the construction of scientific infrastructure, ensure the continuous advancement of basic, systematic, and cutting-edge technology research and technological development, and strengthen the source supply of independent innovation in national defense science and technology. Attach great importance to the development of strategic cutting-edge technologies, especially disruptive technologies, and strengthen forward-looking, leading, exploratory, and disruptive major technology research and new concept research. We must take the weak links in national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment construction as the main direction for promoting independent innovation, focus on breaking through core key technologies, strive to achieve overtaking on the curve, and realize the transformation from following and running side by side to running side by side and leading, so as to seize the strategic commanding heights of national defense science and technology innovation.

Increase the efforts to transform and apply advanced scientific and technological achievements. Exhaust knowledge to gain knowledge, and introspection to gain practical results. President Xi pointed out that only by combining scientific and technological achievements with national needs, people’s demands, and market needs, and completing the three-step jump from scientific research, experimental development, and promotion and application, can we truly realize the value of innovation and achieve innovation-driven development. The purpose of national defense science and technology innovation is application. It must serve the construction of the troops and military struggle preparations, and we must speed up the transformation and application of innovative and breakthrough achievements. The construction of weapons and equipment must be evaluated based on the contribution rate to the combat system, strengthen the guidance of combat needs, implement combat needs throughout the entire process of weapons and equipment development, ensure the actual combat applicability of weapons and equipment, and achieve an organic unity between development and application. The development of national defense science and technology must insist on focusing on actual combat and serving the troops, so that scientific and technological innovation can be well connected and focused with the development of troop construction, and the results of innovation can be transformed into real combat power, promoting the transformation of our military construction towards quality, efficiency and technology intensiveness.

Accelerate the construction of a national defense science and technology innovation system. The 19th CPC National Congress report clearly proposed to strengthen the construction of the national innovation system and enhance strategic scientific and technological strength. The national defense science and technology innovation system should be incorporated into the construction of the national innovation system to enhance the ability of original innovation, integrated innovation, and introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation. Accelerate the construction of innovation infrastructure platforms, promote the military-civilian integration of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment, and consolidate the basic projects of the national defense science and technology innovation system. Accelerate the training of leading talents in national defense science and technology innovation, build a high-quality new military talent team, focus on training joint combat command talents and new combat force talents, and strengthen the intellectual support of the national defense science and technology innovation system. We will vigorously foster an innovative culture and create an atmosphere of innovation in national defense science and technology that encourages innovation, encourages success, and tolerates failure, so that creativity and innovation will become a trend in the military.

Focus on joint innovation of military and civilian science and technology

The development of military-civilian integration is the only way to achieve the balance between development and security, and the unity of enriching the country and strengthening the military. Vigorously carrying out military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation will help promote the transformation of economic development mode and economic structure adjustment, and will help enhance the country’s war potential and national defense strength.

Do a good job in top-level design and strategic planning. The implementation of any strategy must be planned first and planned ahead. Military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation involves the two major systems of the military and the local government and the interests of multiple parties. It is a major strategic project and a long-term and arduous task. We must firmly grasp the focus of strengthening top-level design and draw up a grand blueprint for the military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation system. On the premise of in-depth understanding and grasp of the military-civilian integration strategy, clarify the development status, target orientation, basic principles, etc. of military-civilian scientific and technological collaborative innovation, adhere to scientific coordination, practical guidance, system argumentation, and strengthen legal protection. Comprehensive layout and strategic planning should be carried out to ensure that major national strategic plans, major policies and regulations fully integrate the needs of national defense and military construction, and that the military construction and development plans are aligned with the overall deployment of economic and social development. We should adhere to forward-looking planning, take major scientific and technological projects as the guide, and take the advantages of basic research and strategic high-tech research as the breakthrough point to seize the scientific and technological commanding heights to promote the generation of combat effectiveness and the transformation of economic development methods.

Promote the integrated demonstration and implementation of major scientific and technological projects. The Party Central Committee has determined my country’s long-term strategy for science and technology towards 2030 and decided to implement a number of major scientific and technological projects and engineering projects, which will not only help my country break the situation of being controlled by others in major key core technologies in strategic areas, but also help open up new industrial development directions and cultivate new economic growth points. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Party emphasized the expansion and implementation of major national scientific and technological projects, highlighting key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations. National defense science and technology innovation should pay close attention to the development trends of world military science and technology and weapons and equipment, focus on the country’s major strategic needs, adhere to what to do and what not to do, and timely track, adjust and optimize the deployed major scientific and technological projects and engineering projects to form a systematic layout of succession in stages.

Deepen and expand the military-civilian integration in emerging fields such as ocean, space, cyberspace, biology, and new energy. As the boundaries of scientific exploration become farther and farther, emerging fields such as “three depths and one pole” have become new focuses of strategic competition among major powers. Among them, the deep sea has become a new battlefield with potential opportunities for victory, deep space has become a new strategic fulcrum, the deep blue has opened the “Pandora’s box” of the cyberspace battlefield, and the polar regions have become a battleground for strategic games among powerful countries. Emerging fields are a unified whole of cognitive domain, physical domain, information domain, and industrial domain, and have natural military and civilian attributes. In recent years, countries around the world have generally regarded accelerating the development of military-civilian integration in emerging fields as an important measure to seize the commanding heights of international strategic games. The United States has intensively released the “National Innovation Strategy of the United States” and the “Federal Big Data Research and Development Strategic Plan”, and Russia has issued the “Russian Federation Science and Technology Development Plan”, etc., and has established a military-civilian integration development model in emerging fields. It is necessary to accelerate the formation of a multi-dimensional, coordinated and leapfrog development pattern of military-civilian integration in emerging fields through the joint construction of military and civilian facilities, the sharing of military and civilian technology, and the sharing of military and civilian information, deepen and expand military-civilian integration in emerging fields, and work together to build a strong maritime, aerospace, and cyber power.

Optimize the allocation of technological innovation resources

With the continuous development of science and technology, the characteristics of multi-disciplinary professional cross-clustering and multi-field technology integration are becoming increasingly prominent. We must rely on team strength to pool wisdom and tackle key problems, and integrate scientific research forces and innovative resources to maximize the advantages of all aspects and form an overall synergy to promote national defense science and technology innovation.

Strengthen open sharing to break the closed monopoly. We must firmly grasp the “hard bones” of national defense science and technology innovation and overcome difficulties, focus on strengthening the overall coordination of scientific and technological innovation, and strive to overcome the fragmentation of resources such as scattered and closed resources, cross-duplication, etc. in scientific and technological innovation activities in various fields, departments, and aspects, and avoid “islands” in innovation. Remove all kinds of visible and invisible fences, break the closed monopoly, do a good job in demand docking, planning docking, and task docking, and accelerate the establishment and improvement of an open and shared platform for innovative resources that organically interacts with all subjects, aspects, and links, and collaborates and is efficient, so as to maximize the realization of co-construction, sharing, and sharing. We must focus on improving the basic system of scientific and technological innovation, accelerate the establishment and improvement of the national science and technology reporting system, innovation investigation system, and national science and technology management information system, and significantly improve the level of open sharing of scientific and technological resources.

Deepen the reform of the defense science and technology system and mechanism. If scientific and technological innovation is compared to the new engine of my country’s development, then reform is the indispensable ignition system to ignite this new engine. The loose connection between science and technology and the economy has been a major chronic disease in my country’s science and technology development for many years. To solve this problem, we must take the reform of mechanisms and policies and systems as the starting point, resolutely demolish barriers, break the ice, remove thresholds, break down institutional barriers and interest shackles, build a systematic and complete science and technology military-civilian integration policy and system system, and promote the deep integration of science and technology with economic and social development. We must break through the barriers of the defense science and technology system and mechanism that restrict the organic integration of production, learning, research and application, improve the defense science and technology innovation service support system, and strengthen the use and protection of defense intellectual property rights. We should speed up the establishment of a scientific and technological decision-making mechanism in which scientific and technological consultation supports administrative decision-making, reform the scientific and technological evaluation system, and improve the resource allocation method and scientific and technological innovation incentive mechanism that conform to the laws of scientific and technological innovation. Only when the wheels of scientific and technological innovation and the wheels of institutional mechanism innovation turn together can the national defense scientific and technological innovation capability be greatly improved.

Tap into the potential for innovation in national defense science and technology. In today’s world of globalization, informatization, and networking, innovation factors are more open and mobile, and scientific and technological innovation is endless. We must improve the national defense science and technology innovation governance system, fully mobilize the initiative of innovation subjects, unleash the vitality of various innovation factors, make good use of all high-quality resources and advanced achievements in society, tap into all potential for scientific and technological innovation, and organically integrate national defense and military construction into the economic and social development system. Against the backdrop of economic and technological globalization, innovative resources are flowing rapidly around the world, and the links between countries are becoming increasingly close. No country can solve all innovation problems in isolation and on its own. We must adhere to open and inclusive independent innovation, and actively absorb innovative resources and achievements that can improve the efficiency of military construction and enhance the combat effectiveness of the military. Deepen international exchanges and cooperation, make full use of global innovation resources, and promote independent innovation in national defense science and technology from a higher starting point.

(Author’s unit: College of Arts and Sciences, National Defense University of Science and Technology)

現代國語：

——學習習主席在十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議上的重要講話
來源：解放軍報 作者：楊愛華 責任編輯：喬楠楠 2018-03-28 08:39:38
習主席強調，加強國防科技創新，加速建設軍民融合創新體系，大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律，為新時代全面實施科技興軍戰略，開創強軍興軍新局面，推進國防和軍隊現代化建設指明了前進方向

習主席在十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議上的重要講話中指出，要加強國防科技創新，加速建設軍民融合創新體系，大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這一重要思想，深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律，為新時代全面實施科技興軍戰略，開創強軍興軍新局面，推進國防和軍隊現代化建設指明了前進方向，具有重大歷史意義與深遠現實意義。

大力提升國防科技自主創新能力

國際軍事競爭唯創新者勝，必須把創新擺在我軍建設發展全局的重要位置，牢牢扭轉國防科技自主創新這個戰略基點，大幅提升國防科技自主創新能力。

加強面向國家戰略需求的基礎研究和關鍵技術研究。習主席強調，真正的核心關鍵技術是花錢買不來的，靠進口武器裝備是靠不住的，走引進仿製的路子是走不遠的。只有重視基礎研究，才能永遠保持自主創新能力。必須高度重視原始性專業基礎理論突破，加強科學基礎設施建設，確保基礎性、系統性、前沿性技術研究和技術研發持續推進，加強國防科技自主創新的來源供給。高度重視戰略前沿技術特別是顛覆性技術的發展，加強前瞻性、先導性、探索性、顛覆性的重大技術研究和新概念研究。要把國防科技和武器裝備建設的薄弱環節作為推進自主創新的主攻方向，著力突破核心關鍵技術，爭取實現彎道超車，實現從跟跑並跑向並跑領跑轉變，搶佔國防科技創新戰略制高點。

加大先進科技成果轉化運用力度。窮理以致其知，反躬以踐其實。習主席指出，科技成果只有同國家需要、人民要求、市場需求結合，完成從科學研究、實驗開發、推廣應用的三級跳，才能真正實現創新價值、實現創新驅動發展。國防科技創新的目的在於應用，必須為部隊建設和軍事鬥爭準備服務，抓緊搞好創新性、突破性成果轉化運用。武器裝備建設必須以對作戰體系的貢獻率為評價標準，強化作戰需求牽引，把作戰需求貫徹到武器裝備研製的全過程，確保武器裝備的實戰適用性，實現研製和運用有機統一。國防科技發展必須堅持聚焦實戰、服務部隊，使科技創新同部隊建設發展接好軌、對好焦，把創新成果轉化為實實在在的戰鬥力，推動我軍建設向質量效能型和科技密集型轉變。

加速建構國防科技創新體系。黨的十九大報告明確提出，加強國家創新體系建設，強化戰略科技力量。要把國防科技創新體系納入國家創新體系建設之中，增強原始創新、整合創新和引進消化吸收再創新能力。加速建設創新基礎平台，紮實推動國防科技與武器裝備領域的軍民融合，夯實國防科技創新體系的基礎工程。加速培養國防科技創新領導者才，建設高素質新型軍事人才隊伍，著力培養聯合作戰指揮人才和新型作戰力量人才，強化國防科技創新體系的智力支撐。大力培育創新文化，營造勇於創新、鼓勵成功、寬容失敗的國防科技創新氛圍，讓創造創新在軍營蔚然成風。

突顯抓好軍民科技協同創新

軍民融合發展是實現發展和安全兼顧、富國和強軍統一的必經之路。大力開展軍民科技協同創新，有利於促進經濟發展方式轉變和經濟結構調整，有利於增強國家戰爭潛力和國防實力。

搞好頂層設計和戰略籌劃。任何戰略的實施，都必須規劃先行，超前籌謀。軍民科技協同創新涉及軍地兩大系統和多方利益關系，是一個重大的戰略工程，也是一項長期的艱鉅任務。要緊緊扭住強化頂層設計這個著力重點，擘畫軍民科技協同創新體系的宏偉藍圖。以深入認識與掌握軍民融合戰略為前提，明確軍民科技協同創新的發展現狀、目標指向、基本原則等，堅持科學統籌、實戰牽引、體系論證，強化法治保障。全面佈局、戰略籌劃，使國家重大戰略規劃、重大政策法規充分統合國防和軍隊建設需求，軍隊建設發展規劃計劃與全面落實經濟社會發展總體部署相對接。堅持超前謀劃，以重大科技工程為牽引，以奪取基礎研究和戰略高技術研究優勢為突破口，搶佔推動戰鬥力生成和經濟發展方式轉變的科技制高點。

推動重大科技項目一體論證與實施。黨中央已經確定了我國科技面向2030年的長遠戰略，決定實施一批重大科技項目和工程，這既有利於我國在戰略必爭領域打破重大關鍵核心技術受制於人的局面，也有利於開闢新的產業發展方向，培育新的經濟成長點。黨的十九大報告強調，拓展實施國家重大科技項目，突顯關鍵共性技術、前沿引領技術、現代工程技術、顛覆性技術創新。國防科技創新要密切關注世界軍事科技和武器裝備發展動向，圍繞國家重大戰略需求，堅持有所為、有所不為，對已部署的重大科技項目和工程及時跟踪、滾動調整和優化，形成梯次接續的系統佈局。

深化拓展海洋、太空、網路空間、生物、新能源等新興領域的軍民融合。隨著科學探索的邊界越來越遠，「三深一極」等新興領域已成為大國戰略角逐的新焦點。其中，深海成為潛藏制勝先機的新戰場，深空成為新的戰略支點，深藍已經打開網絡空間戰場的“潘多拉魔盒”，極地成為強國戰略博弈的角斗場。新興領域是認知域、物理域、資訊域、產業域的統一整體，具有天然的軍民通用屬性。近年來，世界各國普遍把加速新興領域軍民融合發展，作為奪取國際戰略博弈制高點的重要舉措。美國密集發布《美國國家創新戰略》《聯邦大數據研究與發展戰略計畫》，俄羅斯推出《俄聯邦科學技術發展計畫》等，紛紛在新興領域確立軍民融合發展模式。要透過設施軍民共建、技術軍民共用、資訊軍民共享等方式，加速形成多維一體、協同推進、跨越發展的新興領域軍民融合發展格局，深化拓展新興領域的軍民融合，合力建設海洋強國、航太強國、網絡強國。

優化科技創新資源配置

隨著科學技術的不斷發展，多學科專業交叉群集、多領域技術融合集成的特徵日益凸顯，必須依靠團隊力量集智攻關，搞好科研力量與創新資源的整合，才能最大限度發揮各方面的優勢，形成推進國防科技創新的整體合力。

強化開放共享打破封閉壟斷。緊緊扭住國防科技創新的「硬骨頭」攻堅克難，著力加強科技創新統籌協調，努力克服各領域、各部門、各方面科技創新活動中存在的資源分散封閉、交叉重復等碎片化現象，避免創新中的「孤島」。清除各種有形無形的柵欄，打破封閉壟斷，搞好需求對接、規劃對接、任務對接，加速建立健全各主體、各方面、各環節有機互動、協同高效的創新資源開放共享平台，最大限度實現共建共用共享。著力完善科技創新基礎制度，加速建立健全國家科技報告製度、創新調查制度、國家科技管理資訊系統，大幅提昇科技資源開放共享水準。

深化國防科技體制機制改革。如果把科技創新比喻成我國發展的新引擎，那麼改革就是點燃這個新引擎不可或缺的點火系。科技與經濟聯係不緊密，是多年來我國科技發展的一大痼疾。解決這個問題，必須以機制和政策制度改革為抓手，堅決拆壁壘、破堅冰、去門檻，破除制度藩籬和利益羈絆，構建系統完備的科技軍民融合政策制度體系，推動科技與經濟社會發展深度融合。要突破束縛產學研發有機結合的國防科技體制機制障礙，健全國防科技創新服務支撐體系，加強國防知識產權運用與保護。加速建立科技諮詢支撐行政決策的科技決策機制，改革科技評價制度，完善符合科技創新規律的資源配置方式、科技創新激勵機制。只有科技創新的輪子與體制機制創新的輪子共同轉動，才能大幅提升國防科技創新能力。

挖掘國防科技創新潛力。在全球化、資訊化、網絡化發展的今天，創新要素更具開放性、流動性，科技創新永無止境。要完善國防科技創新治理體系，充分調動創新主體的積極性，釋放各類創新要素的活力，善於運用社會一切優質資源和先進成果，挖掘一切科技創新潛力，把國防和軍隊建設有機融入經濟社會發展體系。在經濟與科技全球化的大背景下，創新資源在世界範圍內快速流動，國家與國家之間的聯繫日趨緊密，任何一個國家都不可能孤立依靠自己的力量解決所有創新難題。要堅持開放式、包容式自主創新，積極吸收能提升軍隊建設效益、提升軍隊戰鬥力的創新資源與成果。深化國際交流合作，充分利用全球創新資源，在更高起點推進國防科技自主創新。

（作者單位：國防科技大學文理學院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4807982888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭

China Exploring the Era of Building a World-Class Military

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中國探索建立世界一流軍隊的時代

2024年04月04日09:33 | 来源：中国军网

現代英語：

In the picture of human history, war and military development are particularly eye-catching. When we cast our eyes on the long river of history of war, it is not difficult to find that in the magnificent world changes, the strength of the army has always been accompanied by the prosperity of the country, and every era has ushered in a first-class army. Exploring and studying the era trajectory of the construction and development of these armies and finding things with regularity will undoubtedly provide us with important inspiration and reference for achieving the goal of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the army as scheduled and accelerating the construction of the people’s army into a world-class army.

Driven by military needs, strengthening capabilities is a top priority

Military capability has always been the most critical part of the national security system. From the development of the military construction in major countries in the world, it can be found that military construction has always taken strengthening military capability as an urgent task. Military capability has been generally regarded as the ultimate standard for measuring military strength and the primary task of war preparation. In recent years, some military powers have continuously issued forward-looking military capability assessment and forecast reports, emphasizing the vigorous development of military deterrence and combat capabilities. It can be said that strengthening military capability is at a critical period of competition, which is a rare opportunity for latecomer countries. History and practice tell us that the construction of first-class military capability needs to seize the window period of transformation from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap, take the historical mission of the army as the starting point, and take deterring and winning the war as the standard. At present, major military powers have focused on the needs of strategic application, continuously expanded into space, far sea, deep earth, network, electromagnetic and other spaces, planned ahead of time, stepped up efforts to fill the “gap” of new combat forces, and developed new domains and new qualities with decisive influence on military technology and equipment means, aiming to seize the “new commanding heights” of future military competition and build a lasting military advantage, which also reflects that the military capability structure will undergo a fundamental mutation and leap. For example, the US military has accelerated the development of military capabilities in the direction of “integration, both offensive and defensive, doubling advantages, rapid and precise”, attempting to achieve the deep integration of information, firepower, defense, guarantee and control, and form a system combat capability of one-time combat, multi-domain joint and rapid support.

Taking military training as the starting point and military training as the central task

Only when a soldier is familiar with the skills can he be good at fighting; being prepared for the unexpected is the way to keep the country safe. Training and preparation for war are the central tasks and normal manifestations of a first-class army. Only by real training and real preparation in peacetime can we be deployed, deployed and win in wartime. If a country does not make great efforts to improve the army’s ability to win and be ready to deal with possible military conflicts and potential war threats at any time, it will fall into a passive situation of being beaten once a war breaks out, and its national security and development interests will be greatly damaged. The practice of military construction in some countries in the world today has proved that first-class training and preparation for war must always be based on missions and tasks, insist on using the leading role of military struggle to control combat preparation and continuously exert efforts to actual training and preparation, use the integration of training and combat to control actual combat training to leap forward to high intensity, normalization and systematization, and use the ability to win battles to control the combat effectiveness standards to advance to high, deep and practical levels, so as to truly focus on preparing for war and invest various resources in preparing for war. In recent years, the development of the Russian army has benefited greatly from the consistent adherence to training to shape momentum, strengthen preparations, and promote combat, especially the high attention paid to carrying out a series of targeted pre-war training to enhance the cluster deterrence capabilities in various strategic directions, thus changing the army’s earlier image. It is worth noting that major military powers are taking the promotion of military intelligent means as an important part of training and preparation for war, focusing on liberating and developing combat effectiveness, integrating key technologies such as artificial intelligence and autonomous technologies of unmanned combat systems into preparation for war, guiding the implementation of the modernization tasks of combat theory, military personnel, and weapons and equipment, so as to accelerate the formation of a new pattern of modernization of the system of combat readiness and combat capability, and presenting distinctive contemporary characteristics of training and preparation for war.

Focus on integration and energy gathering, and make system deployment the key point

The joint operations of land, sea, air, space and power grids and the multi-domain integrated system operations characterized by cross-domain interaction urgently need to plan and construct an integrated combat system layout with deep integration of “detection, attack, control, defense and protection” from the “long term” to form a system victory. This has become the focus of major military powers in promoting the construction of first-class armies. In recent years, the concepts of “air-sea integrated warfare”, “joint all-domain operations” and “multi-domain operations” proposed by the US military are actually the systematization products of organically combining sea, air and space-based forces, land-based strike forces and network and power forces, which means that the US military is fully committed to optimizing the global layout of military forces through cutting-edge technological advantages in order to welcome the arrival of a new form of war. Today, the era of winning by relying solely on the advantages of combat units has ended. Instead, a combat force system that combines long, medium and short distances and integrates soft and hard forces has been built to ensure that key areas are controlled by the offensive and defensive advantages of the system. Therefore, the key to the systematic layout of joint operations is to gather the combat energy advantages of different domains and quickly integrate each combat module into the system operations to achieve a composite offensive and defensive situation layout with system efficiency increase, overall linkage, precise energy release and mutual coordination. In recent local wars and armed conflicts, the role of information networks as “hinge” and “enabling” in system layout has been revealed, enabling multiple combat forces to be autonomous, adaptive, interactive, and intelligently make decisions and control. In future operations, we should strengthen the intelligent advantage layout of “cloud” and “network” aggregation, skillfully combine tangible forces with intangible “cloud” and “network” deployment, and accelerate the formation of a combat layout that combines virtual and real forces and disperses form and gathers force, which will become a new model and trend of system deployment, integration and aggregation.

The main purpose is to gain an advantage, and to prioritize joint control.

Modern warfare begins with and is highly dependent on the comprehensive seizure and maintenance of battlefield control, which reflects the special significance of the struggle for control over the battlefield to the dominance of war. Planning key joint operations for control over the battlefield plays a crucial and decisive role in the struggle for control over key domains. Among them, gaining information advantage is the key to joint control over the battlefield. Military powers such as the United States and Russia generally believe that various combat forces in the era of informatization and intelligence must take the control advantage of multi-domain space as the basis for carrying out multiple tasks. The Russian military emphasizes improving the timeliness and anti-interference of joint combat force projection, and defeating opponents through cross-domain coordination and concentration. This shows that when fighting for control over the battlefield, we must first maintain the initiative strategically, that is, strategically establish the direction, goals and paths for obtaining joint control over the battlefield, stipulate the means and methods for creating and using overall advantages, and form an advantageous position in intelligent technology and weapon systems, information acquisition and utilization, and control capabilities. At present, some military powers use “big data intelligent technology and super network technology” as the “key catalyst” for seizing control over the battlefield, intending to form a decisive military advantage. This is a major strategic shift for military powers since the informatization of military affairs. In the future struggle for power, only by building intelligent efficiency chains and control relationships with parallel flow of material information and high aggregation can we promote the emergence of joint power-control efficiency through the linkage and energy-gathering effect.

Focusing on battlefield confrontation, improving efficiency is the key factor

Military activities and combat forces are inseparable from the physical and virtual battlefields of multi-dimensional space confrontation, and the rapid integration of multiple domains to form an integrated battlefield system makes the pursuit of maximizing the effectiveness of confrontation the key to battlefield confrontation and a topic that needs to be highly valued in building a first-class army. In recent years, major military powers have accelerated the construction of comprehensive information systems covering the full-dimensional space of the battlefield to pursue the overall benefits of battlefield confrontation. At present, the US military already has nearly 10,000 intelligent unmanned information network systems in the air and on the ground, and they are still being upgraded. With a view to solving bottlenecks such as the difficulty of responding to command and control in the informationized battlefield and the easy paralysis of the combat system, the future focus of battlefield system construction will be to rely on intelligent systems with rapid and autonomous decision-making, efficient information processing, precise coordinated operations and automatic control of weapons and equipment, establish a more complete and flexible control system and operation mechanism, and focus on doubling the effectiveness of battlefield cognition, command and control, precision strikes and information attack and defense confrontation. In addition, around the control of battlefield space, future battlefield confrontations will present a “flash” in terms of power, highlighting the joint deterrence of multiple forces, quickly accumulating power, and suddenly exerting force to form a soft and hard containment trend; “fast integration” in terms of means, effectively integrating and using multiple means, gathering combat energy in different domains, and forming a multi-dimensional linkage and precision attack to assist defense; “fast attack” in terms of action, real-time scenarios, efficient decision-making, seizing favorable opportunities, and forming a local battlefield advantage of rapid and high-intensity suppression in the entire domain. This is the focus of the current major military powers in studying and applying battlefield confrontation, and it will also become a new scenario and new content of combat that both sides of the confrontation will pay attention to.

Taking foresight and prediction as the first step and taking scientific and technological innovation as the strategic support

With the rapid development of a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution, the leading role of artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing and other technical fields has become prominent. Major military powers pay more attention to placing continuous promotion of innovation in an important position, and advance systematic planning and construction in terms of innovation concepts, models, standards, systems and applications, providing important strategic support for building a first-class army. After World War II, some countries became military powers. One of the most important fulcrums was the extensive use of the latest science and technology, which produced new domains and new qualities of combat forces and promoted the leapfrog development of military combat effectiveness. At present, major military powers insist on using cutting-edge technologies to make innovative breakthroughs, step up the research and development of faster, more intelligent information and more destructive combat platforms, in an attempt to maintain an absolute leading position. It should be noted that the world’s century-old changes are accelerating, and the new military revolution is in the ascendant. This makes it more important to judge the direction of scientific and technological innovation. The role of scientific and technological innovation as an accelerator for promoting the construction and development of a first-class army is more obvious, especially scientific and technological innovation is shifting to key areas and key means, implementing key breakthroughs, promoting a leap in the combat capability of the multi-dimensional attack and defense system, and accelerating the overall transformation of the military field. This requires accurately predicting the new forms and characteristics of future wars, continuously applying advanced technological achievements, and striving to promote a fundamental change in the combat power generation model, accelerating the formation of a strong asymmetric victory and strategic balance of power. This is the first move and strong support for the construction of a first-class military. (Xu Jun)

(Editors: Chen Yu, Liu Yuanyuan)

現代國語：

在人類歷史的畫卷裡，戰爭與軍隊發展特別引人注目。當我們將探索的目光投向烽煙戰火的歷史長河，就不難發現，在波瀾壯闊的世界變局中，軍隊的強大歷來與國家的興盛相伴而行，每個時代都曾經迎來堪稱一流的軍隊。探尋研究這些軍隊建設發展的時代軌跡，找出帶有規律性的東西，這無疑會給我們如期實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標，加快把人民軍隊建成世界一流軍隊，提供重要的啟示與借鑒。

以軍事需求為牽引，把強化能力當作緊要任務

軍事能力歷來是國家安全體系中最關鍵的一環。從世界主要國家軍隊建設發展的歷程來看可以發現，軍隊建設始終以強化軍事能力為緊要任務，軍事能力已被普遍作為衡量軍隊實力的最終標準和戰爭準備的首要任務。尤其近年來，一些軍事強國不斷頒布前瞻性軍事能力評估與預測報告，強調大力發展軍事懾戰與應戰能力。可以說，強化軍事能力正處於千帆競發的關鍵時期，這對後發國家來說是一個難得的機會期。歷史和實踐告訴我們，一流軍事能力建設需要緊緊抓住由量變積累向質變飛躍轉化窗口期，以軍隊的歷史使命為出發點，以遏制和打贏戰爭為標準。目前，主要軍事強國紛紛著眼戰略運用需要，不斷向太空、遠海、深地、網絡、電磁等空間拓展，超前籌劃定位，加緊填補新型作戰力量“空缺”，發展新域新質方面具有決定性影響的軍事技術裝備手段，意在搶佔未來軍事競爭“新的製高點”，構築持久軍事優勢，也反映了軍事能力結構將發生根本性突變與飛躍。如美軍加快推進軍事能力朝向「一體融合、攻防兼備、優勢倍增、快速精準」的方向發展，企圖實現資訊、火力、防禦、保障和控制的深度融合，形成一次作戰、多域聯合、快速支援的體係作戰能力。

以練兵備戰為抓手，把軍事訓練當作中心工作

士熟於技，方能善戰；以備不虞，安國常道。練兵備戰是一流軍隊的中心任務和常態呈現，只有平時真訓實練、真打實務，戰時才能拉得出、上得去、打得贏。一個國家如果不下大力氣提升軍隊打贏能力，隨時準備應對可能的軍事衝突和潛在的戰爭威脅，一旦戰爭爆發，就要陷入被動挨打的境地，國家安全和發展利益就要受到極大損害。當今世界一些國家軍隊建設的實踐證明，一流的練兵備戰必須始終以使命任務統攬擺位，堅持用軍事鬥爭龍頭統住作戰準備向實踐實踐用力，用訓戰一體統住實戰化訓練向高強度、常態化、體系化推進躍升，用能打勝仗統住戰鬥力標準向高處、深處和實處確立挺進，真正做到各項工作聚焦備戰打仗，各種資源投向備戰打仗。近年來，俄軍的發展很大程度上得益於始終堅持以訓塑勢、以訓強備、以訓促戰，特別是高度重視開展一系列針對性臨戰訓練，提升各戰略方向集群懾戰能力，從而改變軍隊早前形象。值得關注的是，主要軍事強國正在將推進軍事智慧化手段建設作為練兵備戰的重要內容，緊緊圍繞解放和發展戰鬥力，將人工智慧、無人作戰系統自主技術等關鍵技術融合運用於備戰打仗，引導作戰理論、軍事人員、武器裝備現代化建設任務落地落實，以加速形成備戰打仗能力體系現代化新格局，呈現出練兵備戰工作鮮明的時代特徵。

以融合聚能為指向，把體系布勢當作重心要害

陸海空天電網的聯合作戰與以跨域互動為特徵的多域融合體係作戰趨勢，迫切需要從「長」規劃建構「偵、打、控、防、保」深度融合的一體化作戰體系佈局，形成體系製勝。這已成為主要軍事強國推進一流軍隊建設的聚焦重點。近年來，美軍提出的「空海一體戰」「聯合全域作戰」「多域作戰」等構想，其實就是把海空天基力量、陸基打擊力量及網電力量有機結合的體系化產物，意味著美軍為迎接新的戰爭形態到來，正全面致力於透過尖端技術優勢優化軍事力量在全球的佈局。如今，單純依靠作戰單元優勢取勝的時代結束了，取而代之的是建構遠中近結合、軟硬一體的作戰力量體系，確保以體系攻防優勢來控制關鍵領域。因此，聯合作戰體系化佈局的關鍵，是聚集不同質域的作戰能量優勢，把各作戰模組快速融入體係作戰之中，以達成體系增效、整體連動、精確釋能、相互配合的複合攻防態勢佈局。近幾場局部戰爭和武裝衝突，已經顯現出資訊網路在體系佈局中的「鉸鏈」「賦能」作用，使多元作戰力量能夠自主、適應、互動、智慧決策控制。未來作戰，應強化「雲」「網」聚集的智慧優勢佈局，將有形兵力和無形「雲」「網」布勢巧妙結合起來，加快形成虛實結合、形散力聚的作戰佈局，將成為體系布勢融合聚能的新模式新趨勢。

以奪得優勢為主旨，以聯合製權作為優先選項

現代戰爭首先展開並高度依賴全面奪取並維持戰場綜合控制權，體現了製權爭奪對戰爭主導權的特殊意義。而籌劃好關鍵性制權作戰聯合行動，對爭奪關鍵維域控制權起著至關重要的決定性作用。其中，爭得資訊優勢則是聯合製權的關鍵。美、俄等軍事強國普遍認為，資訊化智能化時代的各種作戰力量，必須把獲得對多域空間的控制優勢作為遂行多重任務的基礎。俄軍強調提升聯合作戰力量投射的時效性和抗干擾性，以跨域協同和聚優挫敗對手。這就表明，在爭奪制權時，首先要在戰略上保持主動，即從戰略上為獲​​得聯合奪控制權確立方向、目標與路徑，規定整體優勢創造和運用的手段與方式，並在智能技術與武器系統、資訊取得利用和控制能力上形成優勢地位。目前，有軍事強國以“大數據智慧技術和超級網技術”作為奪控制權的“關鍵催化劑”，意在形成決定性軍事優勢，這是軍事強國自軍事資訊化以來的重大戰略轉向。未來制權爭奪，只有建構物質資訊並行流動、高度聚合的智慧化效能連結與控制關係，才能以連結聚能作用促成聯合製權效能湧現。

以戰場對抗為著眼，以提升效能作為關鍵因素

軍事活動和作戰力量離不開多維空間領域對抗的物理和虛擬戰場，並且多域交叉快速融合形成一體化的戰場體系，使得追求對抗效益最大化成為戰場對抗的關鍵，也是建設一流軍隊需要高度重視的課題。近年來，主要軍事強國加速建構覆蓋戰場全維度空間的綜合資訊系統，追求戰場對抗的整體效益。目前，美軍已經擁有近萬個空中、地面智慧化無人資訊網路系統，且仍在持續升級。著眼解決資訊化戰場指控難應對、作戰體系易癱瘓等瓶頸，戰場體系建設未來重點將是依托快速自主決策、資訊高效處理、精準協同作戰和武器裝備自動控制的智慧化系統，建立更為完善靈活的控制體系與運作機制，著重倍增戰場認知、指揮控制、精確打擊與資訊攻防對抗效能。此外，圍繞控制戰場空間，未來戰場對抗將呈現出力量上的“快閃”，突出多種力量聯合懾打，迅速積聚力量，猝然發力，形成軟硬一體的遏制之勢；手段上的“快融”，有效整合運用多種手段，聚集不同質域的作戰能量，形成多維聯動精打的以攻助防之勢；行動上的“快打”，即時場景、高效決策，搶佔有利時機，形成全局快速高強度壓制的戰場局部優勢。這是當前主要軍事強國研究運用戰場對抗的著力點，也必將成為對抗雙方關注作戰的新場景新內容。

以前瞻預判為先手，把科技創新當作策略支撐

伴隨新一輪科技革命、產業革命和軍事革命快速發展，人工智慧、大數據、雲端運算等技術領域的引領作用突顯，主要軍事強國更重視把持續推動創新擺在重要位置，在創新理念、模式、標準、體系與應用方面超前進行系統規劃與建設，為建設一流軍隊提供重要的戰略支援。二戰後，有的國家成為軍事強國，其中最重要的支點之一是廣泛運用最新科學技術，產生了新域新質作戰力量，推動了軍事戰鬥力跨越式發展。目前，主要軍事強國更是堅持利用尖端技術進行創新突破，加緊研發速度更快、資訊智能含量更高、毀傷效能更大的作戰平台，企圖維持絕對領先地位。要看到，世界百年變局加速演進，新軍事革命方興未艾，這使得研判科技創新方向更為重要，科技創新作為推進一流軍隊建設發展的加速器作用更加明顯，特別是科技創新正在向關鍵領域、關​​鍵手段上轉變，實施重點突破，促成多維度攻防的體係作戰能力躍升，加速軍事領域實現整體性變革。這就要求準確預測未來戰爭的新形態新特徵，持續應用先進技術成果，著力推動戰鬥力生成模式實現根本性轉變，加速形成強大的非對稱制勝和戰略制衡優勢。這是一流軍隊建設的先手棋和強支撐。 （徐珺）

(編按：陳羽、劉圓圓)

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.people.com.cn/n1/2024/0404/c1011-40209814888.html

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China’s Military Looking at the Generation of New Quality Combat Power from the Perspective of Intelligent Victory

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從智勝視角看中國軍隊新型優質戰鬥力生成

現代英語：

Intelligent victory is a distinct feature of the times in the “quality” of new quality combat power. With the development of science and technology and the evolution of war forms, intelligent joint operations based on “energy mobility and information interconnection”, supported by “network communication and distributed cloud”, with “data computing and model algorithms” as the core, and “cross-domain command and multi-domain operations” as the path, gradually outline a vivid scene of the application of new quality combat power. The intelligent trend of new quality combat power will trigger a chain breakthrough in the military field and become a key variable in changing the rules of war. To enhance new quality combat power and win future wars, we should “knock on the door” of intelligent operations and explore methods and paths to iteratively generate new quality combat power of intelligent joint operations.

Analyzing the characteristics of new quality combat power based on intelligent winning mechanism

Throughout human history, the mechanisms for winning wars have all left clear marks of the era of technological development. To understand and grasp the new quality of combat power of intelligent joint combat, we should keep up with the development of war forms and analyze its key characteristics.

The battlefield environment is distributed in multiple domains. The battlefield environment is the space for the use of new-quality combat power and the space-time framework for understanding the new-quality combat power of intelligent joint operations. Since the emergence of war, the space-time of war has undergone multiple leaps, including plane, three-dimensional, and invisible space. At present, combat confrontation is unfolding in a fusion space with dimensions including physical domain, information domain, and even biological domain and social domain. In intelligent joint operations, the status of virtual space rises and gradually integrates deeply with physical space. Invisible confrontations such as network, intelligence, and psychology constitute a new space. Establishing a virtual battlefield, realizing virtual-real interaction, and achieving virtual-real control have become new driving forces for joint operations.

Multiple integration of constituent elements. Constituent elements are the inherent characteristics of new-quality combat power and the basic elements of new-quality combat power of intelligent joint operations. Mechanized joint operations are platform-centric operations, with firepower and mobility as the dominant forces. The combination of people, mechanized equipment, and tactics is more of a superposition and accumulation, with the goal of carrying energy with objects and releasing energy with objects. Informatized joint operations are network-centric operations, with information power as the dominant force. The combination of network information, people, informationized equipment, and tactics is more of a linkage and interconnection, with the goal of gathering energy with the network and releasing energy with the network. The dominant force of intelligent joint operations is intelligence. The combat elements of cloud, network, people, equipment, and tactics are integrated through models, algorithms, and data to form a complex system with agile reorganization and autonomous adaptation, realizing the control of energy with intelligence and the control of energy with intelligence.

The mode of action is multi-functional and parallel. The mode of action is the energy release path of the new quality combat power and the key to analyzing the new quality combat power of intelligent joint operations. The use of system architecture and distributed coordination in joint operations has made distributed parallelism emerge in war. In joint operations, the speed of information sharing, mobile response, firepower strikes, and command and control decision-making has been greatly accelerated, and the effectiveness of different combat units can act in parallel. In recent local conflicts and military operations, the granularity of command and operations has become smaller and smaller, but the control range, combat effectiveness, and confrontation intensity have increased exponentially, which is the best example of multi-functional parallelism.

Evaluation and feedback from multiple perspectives. Evaluation and feedback is the iterative starting point for the evolution and improvement of new-quality combat power, the dynamic basis for promoting the development of new-quality combat power in intelligent joint combat, and an easily overlooked link in the generation of new-quality combat power. The high-precision and fast-paced characteristics of intelligent joint combat make multi-perspective evaluation and feedback a rigid need. Among them, the cloud-network-group-end link perspective can review the operating status of cloud platforms, networks, “swarms”, terminals, etc.; the manned and unmanned interaction perspective can judge the technical mechanisms of different interaction stages; the multi-domain aggregated space-time perspective is conducive to comprehensive evaluation and understanding of battlefield situations.

Reconstructing the new quality combat power generation model with system concept

At present, technologies such as artificial intelligence and cloud computing are constantly driving the transformation of the basic elements of joint operations. There is a new trend of development from separation to integration, from single equipment to clusters, and from physical to virtual-real interaction between functional modules such as intelligence, command and control, firepower, and network and electronics. The traditional combat capability generation model is no longer able to adapt to the development, and a new quality combat capability generation model should be reconstructed with new thinking.

Create an intelligent warfare system. Outdated military needs will not produce the best system for future warfare. Concept scenarios should be derived from intelligent technology, linking interactive intelligent components with existing personnel, equipment, tactics, etc. to form an intelligent combat system that includes perception, decision-making, offense and defense, support, and virtual-real interaction. An unchanging combat system will also be difficult to adapt to the rapid evolution of the war situation. An innovation chain of rapid iteration and leapfrogging should be formed to run through the entire process of generating new quality combat power and promote the evolution of the combat system from low-level to high-level.

Build agile combat units. The combat system is a high-intensity confrontation system. The faster the iteration speed in peacetime and the more advanced the construction level, the stronger the survivability in wartime. To build an intelligent joint combat system, we should start with cultivating the initiative and creativity of all individuals to form an agile team that can respond quickly and actively deal with battlefield uncertainties. Military training should fully absorb the lessons learned from recent local wars, change the traditional mode of large-scale linear deployment and group operations, highlight the distributed combat exercises of “breaking the whole into parts”, enhance the system’s anti-destruction ability, and improve stability.

Promote disruptive technological transformation. One of the secrets to the success of military revolution is the “surging” transformation of science and technology to the military. We should focus on advancing the basis of combat readiness with scientific and technological progress, transfer and transform the latest scientific achievements such as game theory, complex system science, and software definition, upgrade and transform the basic platforms of combat software and hardware, and explore the mechanism of system victory with innovative thinking, paradigms, and tools. At the same time, we should accelerate the extension of mature technologies such as mobile Internet and cloud computing to the combat system, accelerate the application of new materials, new energy, and advanced manufacturing to combat platforms, and improve the level of unmanned, bionic, and clustered intelligent combat.

Seek asymmetric checks and balances. Since the 20th century, “selective disclosure” and “cost imposition” have led opponents in the wrong direction and disrupted the rhythm, becoming common means in major countries’ military competition. Simply “fighting hard” according to the discourse system and method system dominated by others is often difficult to play one’s own advantages, and may even fall into the trap set by opponents. We should focus on leveraging our strengths and avoiding our weaknesses, scientifically choose our own combat effectiveness development path, and achieve misaligned competition. We should jump out of the leader’s preset, dynamically benchmark, and iteratively develop. Strengthen criticism and falsification to prevent being confused and misled by opponents.

Promoting the iterative development of new quality combat capabilities through continuous evolution

Whoever can take the lead in building new quality combat capability will gain the upper hand. The intelligent joint combat system is a complex and huge system that is constantly evolving. Its elements are constantly expanding and its environment spans multiple domains. It should follow the mechanism of continuous evolution and improvement, and within the scope of strategic management, take demand as the goal, efficiency as the key, and precision as the guide to promote the iterative development of new quality combat capability.

The generation link is included in strategic management. Intelligent joint operations are the new frontier for advancing war preparations and should be promoted in a coordinated manner according to the strategic management link. In the demand link, we should fully consider the gap between capabilities and needs, and scientifically justify the direction and amount of investment in construction resources; in the planning and budgeting link, we should follow the principle of matching goals and tasks with actual resources, focus on efficiency and implement budget control; in the execution and evaluation link, we should not only promote the top-level institutions to relay and coordinate operations vertically, but also regulate, supervise, and correct each field according to their responsibilities one by one.

The generation process establishes a positive cycle. Intelligent joint operations are in an era of change in which science and technology are developing from information networks to artificial intelligence, combat styles are changing from network-centric warfare to cross-domain autonomous parallel operations, and political, economic, diplomatic and military means are integrated and used. The generation process of new quality combat power should establish a positive cycle of iterative development and continuous evolution. It is necessary to pay attention to the balanced development of the capabilities of each system, as well as to clarify the levels and weights, and gradually achieve the best system and the strongest capabilities through hierarchical modeling and positive cycles.

The output of the generation is closely focused on the game confrontation. Only by keeping a close eye on the military game process can the construction of new quality combat power be targeted and in the right direction. We should focus on system competition, form a system of troops, seek system advantages, produce system results, and strengthen system capabilities in combat theory, equipment development, military training, etc., and avoid shortcomings. We should seek asymmetric checks and balances, neither closed and rigid, nor copy and paste, follow the trend, lead opponents in the key areas of building new quality combat power of intelligent joint operations, and create new advantages to check and balance powerful enemies in the process of actively responding to changes and seeking changes.

The generation efficiency is embedded in the inspection and evaluation. The generation efficiency of the new quality combat capability of intelligent joint operations should be included in the inspection and evaluation system. By analyzing strategic tasks to set operational requirements and new quality combat capability indicators, simulating and deducing the effectiveness of the use of new quality combat capability scenarios through major exercise activities, and testing and measuring new quality combat capability indicators through the design of evaluation model algorithms, evaluation and feedback can be used to support the construction of new quality combat capability of intelligent joint operations.

(Author’s unit: Strategic Assessment and Consulting Center, Academy of Military Science)

現代國語：

從智慧制勝角度看新質戰鬥力生成

■張宏昌 閻 魁 史 霞

引言

智能製勝，是新質戰鬥力「質」中鮮明的時代特徵。隨著科技發展與戰爭形態演變，以“能量機動和信息互聯”為基礎、“網絡通信和分佈式雲”為支撐、“數據計算和模型算法”為內核、“跨域指揮和多域行動”為途徑的智慧化聯合作戰，逐漸勾勒出新質戰鬥力應用的鮮活場景。新質戰鬥力的智慧化趨勢，將引發軍事領域的鍊式突破，成為改變戰爭規則的關鍵變數。提升新質戰鬥力、打贏未來戰爭，應該向智能化作戰“叩門”，探索迭代生成智能化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力的方法路徑。

按智能製勝機理解析新質戰鬥力特徵

縱觀人類史，戰爭制勝機理無不鮮明留下科技發展的時代烙印。認識掌握智慧化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力，應緊跟戰爭形態發展，解析其關鍵特徵。

戰場環境多域分佈。戰場環境是新質戰鬥力的運用空間，是認識智慧化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力的時空框架。自戰爭產生以來，戰爭時空經歷了平面、立體、無形空間等多次飛躍。目前，作戰對抗在包含物理域、資訊域甚至生物域、社會域等維度的融合空間展開。智能化聯合作戰，虛擬空間地位上升並逐漸與物理空間深度融合一體，網電、情報、心理等無形對抗構成全新空間，建立虛擬戰場、實現虛實互動、達成以虛制實成為聯合作戰新的發力端。

構成要素多元整合。構成要素是新質戰鬥力的內涵特徵，是智慧化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力的基礎元素。機械化聯合作戰是平台中心戰，主導力量是火力和機動力，人、機械化裝備、戰法的組合方式更多是疊加累積，目的是實現以物載能、以物釋能。資訊化聯合作戰是網絡中心戰，主導力量是資訊力，網絡資訊、人、資訊化裝備、戰法的組合方式更多是鏈接貫通，目的是實現以網聚能、以網釋能。智能化聯合作戰的主導力量是智力，作戰要素雲、網、人、裝備、戰法通過模型、算法、數據多元整合，構成敏捷重組、自主適應的復雜系統，實現以智蠅能、以智制能。

作用方式多能並行。作用方式是新質戰鬥力的釋能途徑，也是解析智能化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力的關鍵所在。體系架構、分佈協同在聯合作戰中的使用，使分佈並行在戰爭中嶄露頭角。聯合作戰中，資訊共享、機動反應、火力打擊、指控決策速度皆大幅加快，不同作戰單元效能可並行作用。在近年來的局部沖突和軍事行動中，指揮和作戰的顆粒度越來越小，但控制範圍、作戰效能、對抗烈度卻成倍增加，就是多能並行的最好例證。

評估反饋多層視角。評估回饋是新質戰鬥力演進提升的迭代起點，是推進智慧化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力發展的動態基礎，也是新質戰鬥力生成中易被忽視的環節。智慧化聯合作戰高精度、快節奏的特徵，讓多層視角評估回饋成為剛需。其中，雲網群端的鏈接視角，可以審視雲平台、網絡、「蜂群」、終端等運行狀況；有人無人的交互視角，能夠判斷不同交互階段技術機制；多域聚合的時空視角，有助於綜合評估認識戰場態勢。

用系統理念重構新質戰鬥力生成模式

目前，人工智慧、雲端計算等技術不斷催生聯合作戰基本要素發生嬗變。情報、指控、火力、網電等功能模塊之間，呈現由分離向融合、單裝向集群、實物為主向虛實互動發展的新趨勢。傳統作戰能力生成模式已難以適應發展，應以新思維重構新質戰鬥力生成模式。

創建智慧化戰爭體系。過時的軍事需求，孕育不出適應未來戰爭的最優體系。應以智慧科技為原點衍生概念場景，連結互動智慧零件和現有人員、裝備、戰法等，形成包含感知、決策、攻防、保障及虛實互動的智慧化作戰體系。一成不變的作戰體系，也難以適應戰爭形態的快速演變。應形成快速迭代、跨越提升的創新鏈，貫穿新質戰鬥力生成全過程，推動作戰體係從低階向高階演化。

打造敏捷性作戰單位。作戰體係是高強度的對抗系統，平時的迭代速度越迅速，建設水準越先進，戰時的生存能力就越強。打造智慧化聯合作戰體系，應以培育所有個體的主動性、創造性為起點，形成能夠快速響應，積極應對戰場不確定性的敏捷團隊。軍事訓練應充分汲取近期局部戰爭中的經驗教訓，改變大規模線式部署、集團作戰的傳統模式，突顯「化整為零」的分散式作戰演訓，增強體系抗毀性，提高穩定性。

推動顛覆性科技轉型。軍事革命的成功密碼之一，是科技向軍事的「浪湧」轉化。應著眼科技進步前移作戰準備基點，遷移轉化博弈論、複雜系統科學、軟件定義等最新科學成果，升級改造作戰軟硬體基礎平台，以創新思維、範式、工具，探尋體系製勝的機理。同時，加速移動互聯、雲端計算等成熟技術向作戰體系延伸，加速新材料、新能源、先進製造等向作戰平台應用，提高無人化、仿生化、群聚化智慧作戰水準。

謀求非對稱制衡優勢。 20世紀以來，「選擇性揭露」「成本強加」等將對手方向帶偏、節奏帶亂，成為大國軍事競爭中的慣用手段。單純依照他人主導的話語體系、方法體系“硬拼”，往往難以發揮自身優勢，甚至還會掉入對手預設的陷阱。應注重揚長避短，科學選擇自身戰鬥力發展路徑，實現錯位競爭。應跳出引領者預設，動態對標、迭代發展。強化批判證偽，防範被對手迷惑誤導。

以持續演化推動新質戰鬥力迭代發展

誰能在新質戰鬥力建設上領先一步，誰就能贏得制勝先機。智能化聯合作戰體係是一個不斷演進的復雜巨系統，其要素不斷拓展、環境跨越多域，應按照持續演化改進的機制，在戰略管理範疇內以需求為目標、以效能為關鍵、以精準為導向，推動新質戰鬥力迭代發展。

生成鏈路納入戰略管理。智慧化聯合作戰是推進戰爭準備的新前沿，應依照戰略管理連結統籌推進。需求環節，充分考慮能力與需求差距，科學論證建設資源投向投量；規劃及預算環節，依目標任務與現實資源匹配原則，著眼效益抓好預算控制執行；執行及評量環節，縱向上既要推進頂層機構接力協同作業，橫向再要調控、監督、糾偏各領域依職責逐一落實。

生成過程建立正向循環。智慧化聯合作戰處於科學技術由資訊網絡向人工智慧發展、作戰樣式由網絡中心戰向跨域自主並行作戰轉變、政治經濟外交與軍事手段融合運用的變革時代，新質戰鬥力生成過程應建立迭代發展、持續演進的正向循環。既注重各系統能力的均衡發展，也要劃清層次、釐清權重，透過分級建模、正向循環，逐步實現體系最優、能力最強。

生成輸出緊盯博弈對抗。只有緊盯軍事博弈過程，新質戰鬥力建設才能有的放矢、找準方向。應著眼體系競爭，在作戰理論、設備發展、軍訓等方面成體係用兵、謀體系優勢、出體系成果、強體系能力，避免短板缺項。要謀求非對稱制衡，既不封閉僵化，也不照抄照搬、跟風炒作，在智能化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力建設的關鍵領域領先對手，在主動應變求變中打造制衡強敵的新優勢。

產生效能嵌入檢驗評估。智慧化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力生成效能應納入檢驗評估體系。通過分析戰略任務設定作戰需求和新質戰鬥力指標、通過重大演訓活動模擬推演新質戰鬥力運用場景實效、通過設計評價模型算法檢驗度量新質戰鬥力指標，以評估反饋支撐智能化聯合作戰新質戰鬥力建設。

（作者單位：軍事科學院戰略評估諮詢中心）

來源：解放軍報 作者：張宏昌 閆魁 史霞 責任編輯：葉夢圓 2024-07-16 09

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/16324777888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dissipative Warfare, 中國的情報戰, 中國的耗散戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 國防和軍隊現代化建設, 域作战突出属性, 認知戰, 新軍事變革, 智慧戰爭, 認知戰

China’s Artificial Intelligence Opens the Door to Intelligent Warfare Operational Success for the Military

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中國人工智慧為軍隊開啟智慧戰爭作戰成功之門

現代英語：

At the beginning of 2017, Master, known as the evolved version of “AlphaGo”, swept Ke Jie, Park Tinghuan, Iyama Yuta and other top Go players on the Go online platform, winning 60 consecutive games, setting off a “Master storm” and causing many people to worry. What humans are worried about is not that Go, known as the “last bastion of human wisdom”, will be conquered by artificial intelligence, but that artificial intelligence has subverted Go today, what will it subvert tomorrow? This is the concern that hangs in people’s minds.

Master’s consecutive victories over human masters are similar to the nature of computers proving the four-color theorem. They are all victories of computing power and algorithms. There is no need to worry too much that they will dominate and enslave humans. However, artificial intelligence is developing rapidly, and it is generally believed that strong artificial intelligence will come sooner or later. Nowadays, artificial intelligence has penetrated into every corner of life. It is not uncommon to use artificial intelligence in war. Since the arrival of the artificial intelligence era is inevitable, how we use it in future wars will become the key to victory. Whether artificial intelligence brings threats or development to mankind depends on how to use it. “The fake horse is not good at running, but it can reach a thousand miles; the fake boat is not good at sailing, but it can cross the river.” The integration of war technology and artificial intelligence may be the way of the future.

Development History of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence Opens the Door to Intelligent Warfare

Master’s 60-game winning streak makes us think about how artificial intelligence will change our lives. Perhaps the following life scenarios will gradually become a reality:

When driving, you tell the location and the autopilot system takes you to your destination;

In hospitals, you see tug-trailer robots from the United States transporting medical equipment and “Big White” robots caring for patients;

After get off work, you press the “Go Home Mode” on your phone, and when you open the door, you find that the curtains are closed, the temperature is right, the lights are soft, the water is hot, and there is a cute home robot greeting you.

In fact, you can also use an unmanned aerial vehicle to carry a diamond ring and propose to your beloved…

We have been looking forward to this day for a long time.

The era of great development of artificial intelligence is here!

As early as shortly after the first computer came out, scientists predicted that the era of artificial intelligence would come. In 1997, when Deep Blue defeated Kasparov, this beautiful scene seemed just around the corner. However, in the second half of the 20th century, artificial intelligence research fell into a cold winter due to the failure of several attempts at technological innovation. The most recent cold winter, from the end of the 20th century to the first decade of the 21st century, was caused by the bottleneck encountered in the research of neural networks.

In recent years, everyone can clearly feel that the theoretical research and perceptible products of artificial intelligence seem to have suddenly “exploded” in a blowout manner: wearable devices have appeared in large numbers, intelligent robots have appeared frequently, the accuracy of machine face recognition exceeds that of the naked eye, companies such as Apple and BMW have worked together to develop driverless cars, and the United States and Europe have successively established projects to tackle the human brain…

The explosion of artificial intelligence projects is not a coincidence, but a leap forward after more than 10 years of silence. Ray Kurzweil, an American scientist who successfully predicted that robots will defeat human chess players, has predicted that the wonderful intersection point when artificial intelligence surpasses the sum of human wisdom will be in 2045.

So, how big an impact will this wave of artificial intelligence explosion have, how long will the impact last, and to what extent will it change human life?

From weak artificial intelligence to strong artificial intelligence. After Deep Blue dominated the chess field in 1997, artificial intelligence did not change the world as expected, and Deep Blue disappeared after more than 10 years of silence. Artificial intelligence has also remained at the stage of weak artificial intelligence and has not made any breakthroughs. This period of nearly 20 years has become the longest artificial intelligence winter to date. Some people joked that the greatest achievement in the field of artificial intelligence in the past 20 years is that Spielberg made the science fiction movie “Artificial Intelligence” that has captivated the world. Spielberg put all the rich fantasies of human beings about the future world into the movie world he created. Subsequently, a series of movies about artificial intelligence such as “Robot Butler”, “Super Hacker” and “Ex Machina” came into being. Artificial intelligence has begun to enter all aspects of human life. The use of artificial intelligence in industries such as medicine, education, services, manufacturing, and even in the military field has become common, which makes many military enthusiasts think about what artificial intelligence means to the military field and where it will go in the future?

“AlphaGo” only represents the latest achievements of artificial intelligence in the fields of deep learning of machines based on neural networks, high-performance computing and big data technology, and is a weak artificial intelligence. However, some military experts predict that the application of strong artificial intelligence in the future will bring about huge changes, just like the entry of big data five years ago. In the military field where competition and game are more intense, artificial intelligence has been increasingly moving towards the battlefield since the emergence of computers in the last century, promoting the advent of the era of intelligent warfare.

Artificial intelligence is taking big steps onto the battlefield

Artificial intelligence is an important branch of modern information technology. The world’s first programmable “Giant” computer was born in Britain during World War II. Its purpose was to help the British army decipher German codes. In recent years, artificial intelligence has been increasingly used on the battlefield, profoundly changing the face of war. In summary, the application of artificial intelligence in the military field is mainly reflected in the following five aspects:

Intelligent perception and information processing. The rapid development of micro-electromechanical systems, wireless sensor network technology, and cloud computing technology has further developed battlefield perception methods in the direction of intelligent perception and information fusion processing. The U.S. military, Russian military, French military, German military, etc. are all equipped with digital soldier systems with intelligent information perception and processing capabilities, such as the U.S. military’s “Night Warrior” and the Russian military’s “Warrior”. In fiscal year 2015, the U.S. Department of Defense’s Advanced Research Projects Agency added research and development projects such as the “cerebral cortex processor”. This processor simulates the structure of the human cerebral cortex to solve problems such as real-time control of high-speed moving objects. In the future, its application will greatly improve the autonomous action capabilities of robots and drones.

Intelligent command and control assists decision-making. The military of various countries develops various military information systems in order to build a powerful grid network information system and improve intelligent evaluation and decision-making assistance capabilities. The command and control automation systems of major military powers are constantly developing, pursuing stronger information and decision-making advantages than their opponents. In recent years, the US military has established a cyber command to vigorously strengthen its network attack and defense capabilities, focusing on the development of intelligent diagnostic information systems for network intrusions based on cloud computing, big data analysis and other technologies, which can automatically diagnose the source of network intrusions, the degree of damage to one’s own network and data recovery capabilities.

Unmanned military platforms. Western countries began to attach importance to the research and development and application of small drones, remote-controlled unmanned vehicles and unmanned boats during World War I. At present, the armies of more than 70 countries in the world are developing unmanned system platforms. The US military has equipped more than 7,000 drones, and more than 12,000 ground wheeled (or tracked) robots have been put into use on the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan. In the near future, the US military will achieve that ground robots account for one-third of its ground forces, and the carrier-based X-47B drone will account for one-third of the total number of carrier-based aircraft, further promoting the coordinated training and exercise between manned and unmanned platforms.

Bionic robots. Since the 21st century, robot technology has developed rapidly. Various bionic robots such as humanoid robots, robot fish, and robot insects have been continuously introduced and have been increasingly used in the military field. For example, the US military once tested a “big dog” robot on the battlefield in Afghanistan to help soldiers with accompanying support. The US Department of Defense upgraded it in 2013, increasing its load capacity to 200 kilograms, running speed to 12 kilometers per hour, bulletproof and silent. The Russian army recently plans to step up the development of humanoid robots that can drive vehicles and form a robot unit that can fight side by side with human soldiers.

Expanding people’s physical skills and intelligence. The cross-integration of information technology, new material technology and biotechnology will further expand people’s physical strength, skills and intelligence. For example, foreign militaries are developing mechanical exoskeletons to create “mech warriors” with doubled physical strength; and by implanting bioinformatics chips to improve people’s memory and reaction ability, so that human soldiers can better adapt to the highly informationized combat environment in the future.

Artificial intelligence will drive a new round of military reforms

When new military technologies, operational concepts, and organizational structures interact to significantly enhance military combat capabilities, it will trigger new military changes. The increasingly widespread application of artificial intelligence in the military field is becoming an important driver of military change, giving rise to new war styles and changing the internal mechanism of winning wars.

It brings a new impact on the concept of war. The history of human warfare has gone through the era of cold weapons, the era of hot weapons, the era of mechanization, and the era of informatization. The development of artificial intelligence has accelerated the arrival of the intelligent era. Can intelligence be divided into high-level intelligence and low-level intelligence? Do armies with high-level intelligence have an overwhelming advantage over low-level intelligence armies? If the “mechanization” of people and the “humanization” of machines are two inevitable development trends, does it go against the traditional ethics of war for robots that can think to fight instead of humans? Artificial intelligence has unprecedentedly improved battlefield perception and information processing capabilities. Does the “fog” of war still exist on the high-tech battlefield? To understand these issues, the military field must have a brainstorming session.

It brings new inspiration to theoretical innovation. The material and technological basis of war is constantly updated, opening up new space for innovation in strategic theories and operational concepts, and constantly giving birth to new disruptive technologies in the field of artificial intelligence; the combined application of precision strike ammunition, unmanned equipment and network information systems has given birth to new intelligent combat theories such as “distributed lethality”, “mothership theory”, “combat cloud” and “swarm tactics”; relying on one’s own information advantage and decision-making advantage, how to cut off and delay the opponent’s information and decision-making loop in a decentralized battlefield network has become a core issue that must be solved to win in intelligent warfare.

Future Trends in Military Applications of Artificial Intelligence

With the development and application of strategic frontier technology fields such as information technology, nanotechnology, biotechnology, new materials technology, and new energy technology, artificial intelligence-related technologies will continue to mature and play an increasingly important role in the military field.

Artificial intelligence technology and equipment continue to make breakthroughs. Major countries have elevated artificial intelligence to the level of national strategy. The Office of the Chief Scientist of the U.S. Air Force has issued the “Unmanned Systems Horizon” technology assessment and forecast report for 2035, which believes that the automation, autonomy and remote control performance of various unmanned systems and combat platforms in the future will continue to make breakthroughs with the advancement of technology. In particular, with the advancement of technologies such as super-large-scale computing, quantum computing, cloud computing, big data, and brain-like chips, artificial intelligence information processing and control technology will be greatly developed, profoundly changing the proportion of artificial intelligence technology in modern warfare.

Artificial intelligence has given rise to the vigorous development of new combat forces. The widespread application of artificial intelligence systems and combat platforms will make artificial intelligence, as an important combat element, permeate the entire process of war and combat preparation, and further enrich the connotation of new combat forces. With the application of drone formations, unmanned submarine formations, battlefield robot soldier formations, and coordinated formations of unmanned and manned combat units on the battlefield, various types of “mixed” new combat forces will continue to emerge. With the construction and application of military Internet of Things, military big data, and cloud computing technology in the military field, artificial intelligence combat forces such as “cloud brain”, “digital staff”, and “virtual warehousing” for information support, command and control, effect evaluation, and logistics support will play an increasingly important role in future wars.

Artificial intelligence is constantly evolving and upgrading through actual combat applications. Artificial intelligence systems and combat platforms, which are supported by information technology, are different from the research and development model of traditional mechanized weapons and equipment. Mechanized weapons and equipment are generally put into use after the technology matures until they are scrapped and eliminated, and have a certain service life; artificial intelligence systems are developed in the mode of system prototype-practical training-evolutionary upgrade. Artificial intelligence systems often use continuous evolution to improve their intelligence level according to different versions. The evolution direction of artificial intelligence is always towards high-level intelligence. This law of development of artificial intelligence systems and combat platforms has revolutionary significance for military training and combat capability improvement. In recent years, the United States and its allies have continued to organize activities such as the “Schriever” space (network) exercise and the “Lockton” cybersecurity exercise, which are repeated tests and upgrades of their artificial intelligence information systems. In the future, upgrading training of artificial intelligence systems and various unmanned combat platforms through continuous confrontation exercises will be an important way to improve combat effectiveness.

Artificial Intelligence Helps Build Smart National Defense

Data is called a strategic resource in the information age. The emergence of artificial intelligence provides methods and means for humans to deeply mine the wisdom resources of data information, and is leading and reshaping the development trend of the world’s new military transformation. Facing the booming wave of artificial intelligence, how to meet challenges, seize opportunities, accelerate the construction of military informatization, and enhance the core military capabilities to win modern wars are the contemporary issues that our army must answer to achieve the goal of strengthening the army. On the one hand, our army must keep a clear mind and make prudent judgments. We must not be frightened by the seemingly powerful and mysterious appearance of artificial intelligence, nor blindly applaud it, nor be indifferent and lose the opportunity for development, and be attacked by opponents due to lack of technical cognition. Breakthroughs in individual technical fields of artificial intelligence are nothing more than an extension of human intelligence, but they cannot replace the dominant position of human intelligence. People are still the core element of all elements of combat effectiveness, and people’s subjective initiative is still the key to determining the outcome of intelligent warfare. On the other hand, our army should implement the military-civilian integration development strategy and the innovation-driven development strategy, grasp the trend of the times, highlight the characteristics of our army, keep a close eye on the opponent’s layout, boldly absorb and apply the relevant technological achievements of artificial intelligence to promote the information construction of the army, and try to apply artificial intelligence technology to achieve transformation and upgrading in platform construction, logistics support, military training, national defense mobilization and other fields. Actively develop countermeasures against the opponent’s military application of artificial intelligence, and explore the winning mechanism of the game with strong enemies in the field of artificial intelligence in practice.

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The military application of artificial intelligence in the United States, Russia and other countries

United States: In July 2016, the U.S. Marine Corps tested the Modular Advanced Armed Robotic System (MAARS), which uses sensors and cameras to control gun-wielding robots based on artificial intelligence. The “Army Global Military Command and Control System” developed by the U.S. Army has been equipped with Army Aviation Force transport helicopters, allowing helicopter pilots to maintain contact with frontline soldiers and command ground forces.

Russia: The “Wolf-2” mobile robot system being developed by the Russian Strategic Missile Forces uses a tracked chassis and can be controlled via radio channels within a range of 5 kilometers. The shooting accuracy is guaranteed by a thermal imager, ballistic computer, laser rangefinder and gyro stabilizer, and it can hit the target at a speed of 35 kilometers per hour.

Israel: The robot “Dogo” developed by the company is an automatically armed tactical combat robot, which comes with a standard Glock 26 9mm caliber pistol. It can be said to be a little devil.

The arrival of the “Master” makes the combat style develop towards unmanned

The Go account Master has challenged the world’s top players on two major Go platforms, Yicheng Go and Tencent Go, and won 60 consecutive games, which has attracted great attention from the world on artificial intelligence. Few people thought that in the field of Go, machines did not experience a period of “stalemate” with humans, but directly left in the dust.

Engels once said that the application of cutting-edge technology began in the military field. Military struggle is a comprehensive contest covering multiple dimensions, multiple fields, full time domain and high intensity, and the addition of artificial intelligence will accelerate the pace of military reform in various countries like a catalyst. Looking at the entire process of the two industrial revolutions and the two world wars, we will find that there is an inevitable connection between “technology” and “war”. Technology will trigger war, and war in turn will promote the development of technology. At this stage, all countries have made great progress in the development of information and intelligent weapons and equipment, and various precise positioning, precise strike, and precise evaluation weapon systems have emerged in an endless stream. However, humans have not yet been separated from the weapon system, and a large part of the operations still need to be completed manually. The combination of artificial intelligence and weapons and equipment means that in the future, from searching and discovering targets, to threat assessment, to locking and destroying, and then to effect evaluation, this series of processes does not require human participation at all. Machines can help us make decisions and achieve unmanned development of combat styles.

Master quietly disappeared after winning 60 games in a row, but discussions about the future of artificial intelligence are still endless: Will it take away human jobs, or will it be an extension of human functions? Will it eventually surpass human intelligence, or will it merge with humans? The answers to these questions are not as simple as either one or the other. Solving them will accompany the future development of artificial intelligence. In 1997, “Deep Blue” defeated Kasparov, making more use of computer computing expertise such as hardware acceleration and brute force computing. AlphaGo uses new artificial intelligence technologies such as neural networks, deep learning, and Monte Carlo tree search, and its strength has already made a substantial leap. These new technologies make artificial intelligence more competent for tasks such as voice and image recognition and evaluation and analysis, and are therefore an important development direction.

Although the dust has settled on this round of the Go “man-machine battle”, the thoughts it has triggered in various fields are very worthy of study. Among them, “‘man-machine battle’ is the best pre-practice of war” is particularly worthy of serious study in the military field. Whether in the era of cold weapons or the mechanized era, fighting on the front line relies on “human wave tactics”, and solving problems requires “concentrating superior forces”. Informatized warfare no longer uses “human wave tactics”, and the scene of large-scale fighting is difficult to reproduce, but as far as the entire war is concerned, the use of troops is not necessarily less, on the contrary, it may be more, but the number of troops used at the forefront has been greatly reduced, and the position of the troops has undergone a major shift. In the unmanned, networked and non-contact combat mode of future wars, there will be more participants, and sometimes you cannot know who the opponent is or where he is hiding.

Although the competition field and the battlefield have different operating rules, many of the winning mechanisms are the same. In the past, we could only learn about war in war, but now we can learn about war in a computer-simulated, near-actual combat environment, and deduce the offensive and defensive modes and development trends of future wars. “AlphaGo” can easily collect the chess games of many Go masters, but in the military field, it is extremely difficult to obtain relevant data on your opponent’s training, exercises, and even combat! Future wars are carried out with the support of information systems. Only by solving the core problem of human-machine integration can we take the initiative on the battlefield and win the final victory in modern warfare. (Zhu Qichao, Wang Jingling, Li Daguang)

現代國語：

寫在前面

2017年伊始，被稱為進化版“阿爾法狗”的Master在圍棋網絡平台橫掃柯潔、樸廷桓、井山裕太等圍棋界頂尖高手，豪取60連勝，掀起一股“Master風暴”，也引起了很多人的擔憂。人類擔心的不是圍棋這塊被稱為「人類智慧的最後堡壘」的領域被人工智慧攻克，而是擔心人工智慧今天顛覆了圍棋，明天還會顛覆什麼？這是橫亙在人們心頭的顧慮。

Master連勝人類高手，與電腦證明四色定理性質相似，都是算力與演算法的勝利，不用過度擔憂它們會主宰人類、奴役人類。但人工智慧發展日新月異，大家普遍認為強人工智慧降臨是遲早的事。如今，人工智慧已經滲入生活的各個角落。在戰爭中運用人工智慧的情況也並不罕見，既然人工智慧時代的到來已經無法避免，那麼未來戰爭中我們如何運用它將會成為致勝關鍵。人工智慧帶給人類的是威脅還是發展，關鍵在於如何利用，「假輿馬者，非利足也，而致千里；假舟楫者，非能水也，而絕江河。」戰爭技術與人工智慧融合，也許是未來之路。

人工智慧發展歷程

人工智慧叩開智慧化戰爭大門

Master的60連勝讓人思考人工智慧會為我們的生活帶來如何的改變。或許，以下這些生活場景將陸續變成現實：

開車時，你說出地點，自動駕駛系統將你帶到目的地；

在醫院，你看到來自美國的拖車機器人在運送醫療器材和「大白」機器人在照顧病人；

下班後，你按下手機上的“回家模式”，推開家門你發現，窗簾已經拉上，溫度適宜，燈光柔和，熱水燒好，還有可愛的家居機器人跟你問好賣萌；

其實，你還可以使用無人飛行器，載著鑽戒，向心愛的她求婚…

這一天，我們期待已久。

人工智慧大發展時期來了！

早在第一台電腦問世後不久，就有科學家預言，人工智慧的時代必將來臨。 1997年，當「深藍」戰勝了卡斯帕羅夫之後，這美好的情景似乎更是指日可待。但在20世紀後半葉，人工智慧研究卻因為數次技術革新嘗試的失敗而陷入寒冬。最近的一個寒冬期，從20世紀末到21世紀的頭10年，是因為神經網路的研究遭遇瓶頸而帶來的。

近年來，大家都能明顯地感覺到，人工智慧的理論研究和可感知產品似乎突然井噴式地「爆發」了：可穿戴設備扎堆出現，智慧機器人頻頻亮相，機器的人臉辨識準確率超過肉眼，蘋果和寶馬等公司齊發力無人駕駛汽車，美國、歐洲先後設立人類大腦攻關計畫…

人工智慧計畫的大爆發，並不是巧合，而是在經歷了10餘年的沉寂後迎來的飛躍式發展。成功預言機器人必將會戰勝人類棋手的美國科學家雷‧庫茲韋爾又預言：人工智慧超越人類智慧能總和的那個奇妙交點，就在2045年。

那麼，這一波人工智慧的爆發會有多大影響，影響的時間會持續多久，又會在多大程度上改變人類的生活呢？

從弱人工智慧到強人工智慧。 1997年「深藍」在西洋棋領域稱霸以後，人工智慧沒有像預想的那樣改天換地，而「深藍」則在沉寂了10多年，銷聲匿跡。人工智慧也一直停留在弱人工智慧的階段，遲遲沒有突破，這段跨度近20年的時間，成為了迄今為止最長的一次人工智慧寒冬。有人戲談，這20年裡面人工智慧領域最大的成就，就是史匹柏拍出了《人工智慧》這部讓全世界傾倒的科幻電影，史匹柏把人類對於未來世界的豐富幻想傾盡所能地放入了自己製造的電影世界。隨之，《機器管家》《超級駭客》《機械姬》等一系列講述人工智慧的電影應運而生。人工智慧開始進入人類生活的各個層面，醫療、教育、服務、製造等產業，甚至軍事領域的人工智慧運用也變得普遍起來，這讓許多軍事愛好者思考，人工智慧對於軍事領域究竟意味著什麼，未來將走向何方？

「阿爾法狗」只代表了人工智慧在基於神經網路的機器深度學習、高效能運算和大數據技術等領域的最新成就，屬弱人工智慧。但有軍事專家預言，未來強人工智慧的運用就會如同5年前大數據的進入一樣，帶來巨大的改變。在競爭與博弈更為激烈的軍事領域，人工智慧自上個世紀隨著電腦的出現已經越來越多地走向戰場，推動著智慧化戰爭時代的來臨。

人工智慧正大踏步走上戰場

人工智慧是現代資訊科技的重要分支，世界上第一台可編程的「巨人」電腦誕生於二戰期間的英國，其目的就是為了幫助英軍破解德軍密碼。近年來，人工智慧越來越多地走上戰場，深刻改變戰爭面貌。總結來看，人工智慧在軍事領域的應用主要表現在以下5個面向：

智慧化感知與資訊處理。微機電系統、無線感測器網路技術、雲端運算技術的快速發展，使得戰場感知手段進一步朝著智慧感知與資訊融合處理的方向發展。美軍、俄軍、法軍、德軍等均裝備了具有智慧化訊息感知與處理能力的數位化士兵系統，如美軍的「奈特勇士」、俄軍的「戰士」等。美國國防部高級研究計畫局2015財年中新增了「大腦皮質處理器」等研發項目，該處理器透過模擬人類大腦皮質結構，解決高速運動物體的即時控制等難題，未來投入應用將大幅提高機器人、無人機等的自主行動能力。

智能化指揮控制輔助決策。各國軍隊透過開發各種軍事資訊系統，目的是建構功能強大的柵格化網路資訊體系，提升智慧化評估和輔助決策能力。各軍事大國不斷發展的指揮控制自動化系統，追求比對手更強的資訊優勢與決策優勢。近年來，美軍建立網路司令部，大力加強網路攻防能力，專注於雲端運算、大數據分析等技術研發針對網路入侵的智慧診斷資訊系統，能夠自動診斷網路入侵來源、己方網路受損程度與資料恢復能力。

無人化軍用平台。西方國家在一戰期間就開始重視小型無人機、遙控無人車和無人艇的研發應用。目前世界上已有70多個國家軍隊在發展無人系統平台。美軍已裝備的無人機達7,000多架，在伊拉克、阿富汗戰場上投入運用的地面輪式（或履帶式）機器人超過12,000個。美軍近期將實現地面機器人佔地面兵力的三分之一，艦載型X-47B無人機將佔艦載機總量的三分之一，進一步推進有人平台與無人平台之間的協同編組演訓。

仿生機器人。自21世紀以來，機器人技術呈現井噴式發展，類人機器人、機器魚、機器昆蟲等各種仿生機器人不斷問世，並在軍事領域有了越來越多的應用。例如美軍曾在阿富汗戰場上試驗了一款「大狗」機器人，幫助戰士實施伴隨保障。美國防部於2013年升級，提升負重至200公斤、奔跑時速每小時12公里、防彈和靜音效果。俄羅斯軍隊近來計畫加緊研發可以駕駛車輛的類人機器人、組成可與人類戰士並肩戰鬥的機器人部隊。

擴展人的體能技能和智能。資訊科技、新材料科技和生物科技的交叉融合使得人的體能、技能和智慧將進一步擴展。例如，外軍正透過研發機械外骨骼，來打造體力倍增的「機甲戰士」；透過生物資訊晶片的植入來提升人的記憶力與反應能力，以使人類戰士更能適應未來高度資訊化的作戰環境。

人工智慧將推動新一輪軍事變革

當新的軍事技術、作戰理念和組織編成相互作用顯著提升軍事作戰能力時，將促進新的軍事變革的發生。人工智慧在軍事領域越來越廣泛的應用，正成為軍事變革的重要推手，催生新的戰爭樣式，改變戰爭制勝的內在機制。

對於戰爭觀念帶來新的衝擊。人類戰爭史經歷了冷兵器時代、熱兵器時代、機械化時代、資訊時代，人工智慧的發展使得智慧化時代加速到來。智能是否可分為高階智能和低階智能？擁有高階智慧化程度的軍隊對於低階智慧化的軍隊是否具有壓倒性優勢？如果人的「機器化」和機器的「人化」是兩個必然的發展趨勢，會思考的機器人取代人類拼殺是否有違傳統的戰爭倫理？人工智慧使得戰場感知能力和資訊處理能力空前提高，在高技術化的戰場上戰爭的「迷霧」是否仍舊存在？對於這些問題的理解，要求軍事領域必須來一場腦力激盪。

對於理論創新帶來新的啟發。戰爭的物質技術基礎不斷更新，為戰略理論和作戰概念創新開闢了新的空間，不斷催生人工智慧領域新的顛覆性技術；精確打擊彈藥、無人化裝備與網路資訊體系的組合應用，催生了“分散式殺傷”“母艦理論」「作戰雲」「蜂群戰術」等新的智能化作戰理論；憑藉己方的信息優勢和決策優勢，如何在去中心化的戰場網絡中切斷和遲滯對手的信息與決策迴路，成為智能化戰爭制勝必須解決的核心問題。

人工智慧軍事應用的未來趨勢

隨著資訊科技、奈米技術、生物技術、新材料技術、新能源技術等戰略前沿技術領域的發展應用，必將繼續推動人工智慧相關技術日益成熟，在軍事領域扮演越來越重要的角色。

人工智慧技術與裝備不斷取得突破。主要國家紛紛將人工智慧提升到國家戰略高度，美空軍首席科學家辦公室頒布2035年的《無人系統地平線》技術評估與預測報告，認為未來各類無人系統與作戰平台的自動化、自主性和遠端遙控性能將隨著技術的進步而不斷取得突破。尤其隨著超大規模運算、量子運算、雲端運算、大數據、類腦晶片等技術的進步，將使得人工智慧的資訊處理與控制技術獲得極大發展，深刻改變現代戰爭人工智慧的技術比重。

人工智慧催生新型作戰力量蓬勃發展。人工智慧系統與作戰平台的廣泛應用，將使人工智慧作為重要的作戰要素滲透於戰爭與作戰準備的整個流程，進一步豐富新型作戰力量的內涵。隨著無人機編組、無人潛航器編組、戰場機器人士兵編組以及無人與有人作戰單元的協同編組走向戰場應用，各類「混搭式」新型作戰力量將持續出現。隨著軍事物聯網、軍用大數據、雲端運算技術在軍事領域的建置運用，用於資訊支援、指揮控制、效果評估、後勤支援的「雲端大腦」、「數位參謀」、「虛擬倉儲」等人工智慧作戰力量將在未來戰爭中發揮越來越重要的作用。

人工智慧透過實戰應用不斷演化升級。以資訊科技為核心支撐的人工智慧系統與作戰平台，與傳統機械化武器裝備的發展發展模式不同。機械化武器裝備一般在技術成熟後投入使用直到報廢淘汰，有著一定的使用壽命；人工智慧系統則是按照系統原型-實踐訓練-演化升級的模式發展，人工智慧的系統往往按照不同版本用不斷演化的方式提升其智能化水準。人工智慧的演化方向總是朝著高階智慧不斷升級，人工智慧系統與作戰平台的這種發展法則對於軍事訓練和作戰能力提升具有革命性意義。美國及其盟友近年來持續組織「施里弗」太空（網路）演習、「鎖頓」網路安全演習等活動，就是其人工智慧資訊系統的反覆測試與升級演化。未來，透過持續的對抗演習對人工智慧系統和各類無人化作戰平台的升級訓練，將是戰鬥力提升的重要方式。

人工智慧助力智慧國防建設

數據被稱為資訊時代的戰略資源，人工智慧的出現，為人類深度挖掘數據資訊的智慧資源提供了方法手段，正在引領並重塑世界新軍事變革的發展態勢。面對人工智慧蓬勃發展的浪潮，如何迎接挑戰，把握機遇，加速推進軍隊資訊化建設，提升打贏現代戰爭的核心軍事能力，是我軍實現強軍目標必須回答的時代議題。一方面，我軍要保持清醒頭腦、審慎研判，既不能被人工智慧看似強大神秘的表象所嚇倒，也不能盲目叫好，更不能無動於衷而喪失發展的機遇，由於缺乏技術認知力而被對手造成技術突襲。人工智慧個別技術領域的突破，不過是人類智能的延伸，卻不能取代人類智能的支配地位，人仍是戰鬥力各要素中的核心要素，人的主觀能動性仍是決定智能化戰爭勝負的關鍵。另一方面，我軍應貫徹軍民融合發展戰略、創新驅動發展戰略，掌握時代趨勢，彰顯我軍特色，緊盯對手佈局，大膽吸收應用人工智慧相關技術成果助推軍隊資訊建設，在平台建設、後勤保障、軍事訓練、國防動員等領域嘗試應用人工智慧技術實現轉型升級，積極發展針對對手人工智慧軍事應用的反製手段，在實踐中探索人工智慧領域與強敵博弈的致勝機制。

相關連結

美俄等國人工智慧在軍事上的運用

美國：2016年7月，美國海軍陸戰隊測試模組化先進武裝機器人系統（MAARS），利用感測器和攝影機基於人工智慧控制持槍機器人。美國陸軍開發的“陸軍全球軍事指揮控制系統”，目前已經裝備陸軍航空部隊運輸直升機，可使直升機駕駛員與前線士兵保持聯絡，並指揮地面部隊。

俄羅斯：俄羅斯戰略飛彈部隊正在研發的「狼式—2」移動式機器人系統使用履帶式底盤，可在5公里範圍內透過無線電頻道控制，由熱成像儀、彈道電腦、雷射測距儀和陀螺穩定器保證射擊精度，能夠在時速35公里的情況下擊中目標。

以色列：研發的機器人「多戈」自動武裝戰術作戰機器人，自備一支標準格洛克26型9毫米口徑手槍，堪稱人小鬼大。

「大師」來襲，讓作戰樣式向無人發展

圍棋帳號Master（大師），連續在弈城圍棋、騰訊圍棋兩大圍棋平台中，挑戰世界頂尖棋手，取得60連勝，引發全球對人工智慧的高度關注。幾乎沒有多少人想到，在圍棋領域機器沒有經歷與人類「相持」的時期，直接就絕塵而去。

恩格斯曾說過，尖端科技的應用最早是從軍事領域開始。軍事鬥爭是涵蓋多維度、多領域、全時域、高強度的綜合較量，而人工智慧的加入將如催化劑般加快各國軍事變革步伐。縱觀兩次工業革命和兩次世界大戰的整個過程，我們會發現「科技」和「戰爭」存在著必然的聯繫。科技會觸發戰爭，戰爭反過來推動科技的發展。現階段各國在武器裝備資訊化、智慧化發展方面都取得長足進步，各種精確定位、精確打擊、精確評估武器系統層出不窮。但是人類還未能從武器系統中分離出來，很大部分操作依然需要人工完成。人工智慧與武器裝備結合就意味著以後，從搜尋發現目標，到威脅評估，到鎖定摧毀，再到效果評估，這一系列過程完全不需要人類參與，機器就能幫我們作決定，做到作戰樣式無人發展。

Master取得60連勝後悄悄消失，但人工智慧何去何從的探討仍不絕於耳：它會搶了人類飯碗，還是作為人類功能的延伸？它終將超越人類智慧，還是會與人類融合？這些問題的答案，不是非此即彼那麼簡單。對於它們的求解，將伴隨著人工智慧未來的發展。 1997年「深藍」擊敗卡斯帕羅夫，更多發揮了硬體加速、暴力計算等電腦運算特長。而AlphaGo使用神經網路、深度學習、蒙地卡羅樹搜尋法等人工智慧新技術，實力早有實質飛躍。這類新技術讓人工智慧更加勝任語音和影像辨識以及評估分析等工作，因此是重要發展方向。

這一輪的圍棋「人機大戰」雖然塵埃落定，但它在各領域引發的思考卻非常值得研究。其中，「『人機大戰』是戰爭最好的預實踐」特別值得軍事領域認真研究。不管是冷兵器時代，還是機械化時代，在前方打仗靠的是“人海戰術”，解決問題需要“集中優勢兵力”。資訊化戰爭不再打“人海戰術”，大兵團廝殺的場景難於再現，但就整個戰爭而言，用兵並不見得少，相反有可能還多，只不過是用在最前沿的兵大大減少了，用兵的位置發生了乾坤大挪移。未來戰爭無人、網路化和非接觸的作戰模式，參與者會變得更多，有時你無法知道對手是誰、藏在哪裡。

賽場和戰場雖然有不同的運作法則，但制勝機制很多則是相通的。過去，我們只能在戰爭中學習戰爭，現在可以在電腦模擬的近似實戰環境下學習戰爭，推演未來戰爭的攻防模式和發展趨勢。 「阿爾法狗」可以輕易蒐集獲得眾多圍棋高手的棋局，但在軍事領域，你想要獲得對手訓練、演習乃至作戰方面的相關數據，難上加難！未來戰爭是在資訊體系支撐下進行的，只有解決好人機融合這一核心問題，才能佔據戰場的主動，贏得現代戰爭最後的勝利。 （朱啟超、王婧凌、李大光）

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.people.com.cn/n1/2017/0123/c1011-29044316888.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #中國的耗散戰, #中國軍事人工智慧武器化, Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Artificial Intelligence, Chinese Military Artificial Intelligence Weaponizatio, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Information Support Force, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 認知域戰

Chinese Military Analysis on the Strategic Application of Intelligent Warfare

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中國軍事對智慧戰爭戰略應用的分析

現代英語：

An analysis of the use of strategies in intelligent warfare

■Chen Dongheng, Zhong Ya

Reading Tips: “Warfare is the art of deception”. War is a competition of comprehensive strength. Ancient Chinese military strategists have always attached great importance to “strategizing in the tent and winning thousands of miles away”, and all of them regard strategy as the way to victory. War practice shows that as long as war is a confrontation between humans, smart strategies will not withdraw from the battlefield. Today’s battlefield competition is about intelligent skills, and what is fought is smart strategies.

“The best military is to attack the enemy’s strategy, the next best is to attack the enemy’s alliance, the next best is to attack the enemy’s soldiers, and the worst is to attack the city.” Strategy, as a component of combat power and a weapon to win the war, runs through ancient and modern times and transcends national boundaries, and has an important function of influencing and determining the outcome of the war. Although the role of science and technology is more prominent in intelligent warfare, it does not exclude the use of strategy. With the support and guidance of strategy, the combat system is more efficient. In-depth research and mastery of the use of strategy in intelligent warfare will be more conducive to winning the initiative in intelligent warfare.

The status and role of the use of strategy in intelligent warfare

The essence of strategy lies in the intelligent release of power. Scientific strategy application can often defeat the majority with the minority, the big with the small, and the strong with the weak. The battlefield of intelligent warfare presents more transparency, more extended combat space, more diverse means of confrontation, and more complex winning mechanism. This provides a solid material foundation and technical support for the implementation of strategy, and the status and role of strategy are becoming more and more important.

The internal driving force of the army construction and development planning. Demand is the order of the army, and use is the commander of the weapon. How science and technology are innovated, how weapons and equipment are developed, and how the national defense forces are built are often driven by demand and forward-looking planning. For example, in order to make up for the gap between Russia and the United States in terms of overall air defense and anti-missile strength, Russia used “asymmetric” strategies to focus on penetration technology and developed the “Zircon” and “Dagger” hypersonic missiles before the United States. Facts show that the application of strategies mainly focuses on “Tao” and “Fa”. The more reasonable the design and the more scientific the application, the more it can stimulate the motivation, vitality and potential of innovation and creation, and trigger a revolution in science and technology, weapons and equipment, and military construction and combat methods. Only when intelligent warfare, scientific and technological innovation and weapons and equipment development are closely connected with the needs of scientific war strategies can they adhere to the correct direction and be better transformed into actual combat power.

A multiplier of the actual combat effectiveness of the combat system. In the combat power spectrum, strategy, as an important soft power, has the value and significance of providing scientific methodological guidance, appropriate time and opportunity selection and correct path support for the use of military hard power. For example, Iran once used the “dislocation” tactics to launch a large-scale retaliatory air strike against Israel, first using hundreds of cheap drones to attract the consumption of Israel’s expensive air defense system, and then using more advanced high-value ballistic missiles to penetrate, which improved the hit rate to a certain extent. Facts show that when facing an opponent with superior hard power, if the strategy is used properly, it can also achieve miraculous results; and the same hard power may have very different combat effectiveness when using different strategies and tactics. In intelligent warfare, although the “blade” of military hard power is faster, in order to make it more effective, it still needs to rely on more sophisticated strategic “sword skills”.

Dependent variables of hybrid warfare operations. Strategy can not only empower military hard power, but also has a strong direct combat function, and can even defeat the enemy without fighting by “soft killing”. For example, the United States once spent a lot of money to capture the leader of al-Qaeda, Osama bin Laden, but he seemed to have disappeared from the world, and technical means could not determine his exact hiding place. He was finally tracked down by targeting his messenger through strategic use. The United States’ “live broadcast” “Spear of Poseidon” operation attempted to show the strength of the US military by killing Bin Laden to shock the international community. Intelligent warfare is a hybrid warfare, which has entered a new era of global live broadcast, universal participation, and full coverage. More and more countries are adopting strategic methods to enhance their own confidence and strike the opponent’s will to resist, and the strategic “soft kill” combat function is becoming more and more apparent.

Basic mechanism of intelligent warfare strategy application

Intelligent warfare, high-level development of artificial intelligence, rapid iteration, full spectrum penetration, and high-efficiency release, make the application of strategy have more dimensional support and stronger drive, showing a unique operation mechanism.

Cluster operation of strategy application. The application of strategy is based on the underlying logic of war operation and follows the law of evolution of the subject from individual to team and then to system. From a historical perspective, the application of strategy warfare in the cold weapon era relied more on the wisdom and experience accumulation of generals. Natural factors such as geography and weather are the main grasps of strategy operation. The burning of Red Cliff and borrowing arrows from straw boats are vivid footnotes. In the mechanized era, in order to adapt to the increasingly complex composition of military branches and the needs of fast-paced operations, the “General Staff” of senior military institutions dedicated to war planning services came into being. The “General Staff” in the two world wars is a typical representative. In the information age, the use of war strategies mainly relies on the control of information, and information power has become the main support behind strategic planning. In intelligent warfare, the comprehensiveness of technology application, the systematic nature of force planning, and the platform characteristics of game confrontation are more prominent, and the internal requirements are that the subject of strategy implementation should shift to a more powerful systematic platform.

Algorithm-driven strategy application. Strategy is based on strategy. The essence of planning is calculation, calculation of the world situation, calculation of military situation, calculation of development trend, calculation of strength and weakness, calculation of winning advantage… Whether it is calculation by human brain or machine, calculation by generals or calculation by teams, calculation is always the most critical supporting factor. Generally speaking, whoever has stronger computing power, more precise algorithms, and faster calculations can grab the “calculation” machine and win the victory. In the era of intelligent calculation, artificial intelligence participates in strategic decision-making with human-machine hybrid algorithms or machine algorithms, which greatly enhances the efficiency of calculation. It is based on this that major countries have focused on breakthroughs in artificial intelligence to win the future competition. These artificial intelligences, characterized by strong computing power, have great application potential in simulating battlefield situations, simulating war processes, and assisting decision-making and command. Only by guarding against the opponent’s technical aggression, vigorously improving our computing power, and adding the wings of algorithms to traditional strategies can we be invincible in the strategic game confrontation.

Intelligent support for the use of strategies. In intelligent warfare, strategies are based on the rapid development of artificial intelligence and its extensive military applications. It is a two-way “rush” of human strategic wisdom and “technical” wisdom. Now, the generals’ ingenuity and traditional staff work have become increasingly difficult to adapt to the needs of intelligent warfare. Comprehensive intelligent command and decision-making platforms have become an important support for the implementation of strategies. The command and decision-making system of the US military has developed into a large platform that integrates four-layer structural functions, including “intelligence support, information fusion, mission coordination, autonomous decision-making, action deployment, force allocation, situation adjustment, and real-time tracking”, and has become the brain of its “decision-making center warfare”. The Russian Federation Armed Forces Combat Command Center can dispatch and monitor the training and exercises of the entire army in real time, and undertake combat command tasks in low-intensity small-scale conflicts. It can be seen that intelligent support for strategic planning and strategy implementation has gradually taken shape. Intelligent strategic confrontation has put forward higher requirements for the professional integration of strategic subjects, and promoted the deep integration of human biological intelligence and artificial intelligence, which is “human-like intelligence”.

Main ways to use strategies in intelligent warfare

In intelligent warfare, the era background, supporting conditions, and action mechanisms of strategy application have undergone profound changes. The way of implementing strategies must keep pace with the times, strive to combine traditional strategic advantages with new technologies and new forms of warfare, innovate and expand scientific paths to effectively release strategic energy, and strive to plan quickly, plan carefully, and integrate strategy and attack.

Intelligent technology integration releases energy. That is, make full use of intelligent technology to empower and release energy for strategies. Generally speaking, the effective implementation of strategies is inseparable from accurate information perception, rapid personnel mobilization, and efficient force strikes. The innovative application of artificial intelligence enables people to see farther, hear more closely, know more, and calculate faster, making the army gather and disperse more quickly, move more covertly, and release power more rapidly, which is more conducive to the generation of strategies and the achievement of effectiveness. On the one hand, with the help of the rapidity and autonomy of artificial intelligence, the enemy situation can be quickly grasped through intelligent reconnaissance, the decision-making time can be greatly shortened by using machine algorithms, and the optimal strategy can be selected with the help of simulation deduction; on the other hand, relying on artificial intelligence to release and enhance the efficiency of strategies, modern brain control technology, deep fake technology, information confusion technology, public opinion guidance technology, etc., have greatly expanded the space and means of implementing strategies.

Human-machine complementation releases energy. That is, the strengths and weaknesses of human intelligence and machine intelligence complement each other and enhance efficiency and release energy. The biggest advantage of machine intelligence over human intelligence is that it can fight continuously without being affected by biological factors such as will, emotion, psychology, and physical strength. However, the “meta-intelligence” of human intelligence and its ability to adapt to changes are not possessed by machine intelligence. The two intelligence advantages complement each other and aggregate to form a powerful hybrid intelligence, which strongly supports the use of strategies in war. On the one hand, the “machine brain” safely and efficiently makes up for the shortcomings of the human brain; on the other hand, the human brain responds to special situations on the spot. Facts show that the biggest advantage of human intelligence over machine intelligence is that it can make decisions and deal with different situations on the spot, which just makes up for the shortcomings of machine intelligence. Only by combining the two can we form the optimal solution for intelligent calculation and gather the strongest strategic application.

The platform releases energy as a whole. It is to create a modular intelligent system, an integrated intelligent decision-making command action platform that integrates strategy generation and release. Intelligent warfare, every second counts, improves the time sensitivity of target strikes. The intelligent platform comprehensively uses intelligent computing and command automation technology to efficiently process massive data and complex battlefield situations, creating a “super brain” for commanders. It has significant advantages of good functional connection, high stability, fast operation speed, and high combat efficiency. It is a new quality combat force for strategic planning. Relying on the intelligent command and control system, it can make real-time decisions, form a list of time-sensitive targets, and independently solve the combat units and strike platforms that can be summoned and struck the fastest and best. The hardware and software can accurately strike the targets, and accurate strikes on time-sensitive targets can be achieved in real-time decisions, providing more options for assisting war decision-making and command.

(Author unit: Academy of Military Science)

現代國語：

試析智慧化戰爭的謀略運用

■陳東恆 鐘 婭

閱讀提示　「兵者，詭道也」。戰爭是綜合實力的比拼和競賽。我國古代兵家歷來重視“運籌帷幄之中，決勝千里之外”，無不把謀略視為取勝之道。戰爭實踐表明，只要戰爭是人類的對抗，智慧謀略就不會退出戰場。今天的戰場比拼，打的是智能技能，拼的更是智慧謀略。

「上兵伐謀，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。」謀略作為戰鬥力的構件和製勝戰爭的利器，貫穿古今、超越國界，具有影響和決定戰爭勝負的重要功能。智能化戰爭中雖然科技的角色更突顯，但並不排斥謀略的運用，在謀略的支撐和引領推動下，作戰體系反而效率更高。深入研究掌握智慧化戰爭的謀略運用，更有利於贏得智慧化戰爭的主動權。

智慧化戰爭謀略運用的地位作用

謀略的本質在於力量的智慧化釋放。科學的謀略運用常能以少勝多、以小博大、以弱勝強。智慧化戰爭戰場呈現更透明、作戰空間更延展、對抗手段更多樣化、制勝機理更複雜等特點，這為施謀用計提供了堅實物質基礎和技術支撐，謀略的地位作用愈發重要。

軍隊建設發展規劃的內動力。需為軍之令，用為器之帥。科學技術如何創新、武器裝備怎樣發展、國防軍隊怎麼建設，常常由需求牽引、前瞻謀劃。例如，俄羅斯為彌補防空反導整體力量方面與美國的差距，運用「非對稱」謀略在突防技術上發力，先於美國研發出「鋯石」「匕首」高超聲速導彈。事實表明，謀略運用主要著力於“道”和“法”，其設計越合理、運用越科學，越能激發創新創造的動力、活力和潛力，引發科學技術、武器裝備和軍隊建設作戰方式的革命。智慧化戰爭，科技創新和武器裝備開發只有緊密對接科學的戰爭謀略需求，才能堅持正確的方向，更好地轉化為現實的戰鬥力。

作戰體系實戰效能的倍增器。在戰鬥力譜系中，謀略作為重要的軟力量，其存在的價值和意義在於為軍事硬實力運用提供科學的方法論指引、合適的時機場合選擇和正確的路徑支撐。例如，伊朗曾利用「錯置」戰法對以色列發動大規模報復性空襲，先是以數百架廉價無人機吸引消耗以軍昂貴的防空系統，繼而用更先進的高價值彈道導彈突防，一定程度上提高了命中率。事實顯示，面對硬實力佔優的對手，如果謀略運用得當也能收到奇效；而同樣的硬實力運用不同的策略戰法，作戰效能可能大相徑庭。智慧化戰爭，雖然軍事硬實力的「刀鋒」更快，但要使其發揮更大戰鬥效能，還需藉助更高明的謀略「刀法」。

混合戰爭作戰運籌的因變數。謀略不僅能為軍事硬實力賦能，本身還有強大的直接作戰功能，甚至能以「軟殺傷」不戰而屈人之兵。例如，美國曾重金緝拿基地組織頭目本·拉登，但他好像人間蒸發一樣，技術手段無法確定其確切藏身處，最終通過謀略運用盯上其信使才追踪到。而美國「直播」「海神之矛」作戰行動，則企圖透過擊殺賓拉登來展現美軍的強大，以震撼國際社會。智慧化戰爭是混合戰爭，已經進入全球直播、全民參與、全域覆蓋的全新時代，越來越多的國家採取謀略方式增強己方信心、打擊對手抵抗意志，謀略「軟殺傷」的作戰功能越加顯現。

智慧化戰爭謀略運用的基本機理

智慧化戰爭，人工智慧的高階位元發展、快速度迭代、全頻譜滲透、高效能釋放，使謀略運用有了更多維的支撐、更強大的驅動，展現出獨特的運行機理。

謀略運用的集群作業。謀略的運用，既基於戰爭運行的底層邏輯，也遵循施動主體從個體到團隊再到體系的流轉演進規律。從歷史上看，冷兵器時代的謀略戰爭運用，更多靠將帥的智謀和經驗積累，地理、天候等自然因素是謀略運籌的主要抓手，火燒赤壁、草船借箭就是其生動註腳。機械化時代，適應日益復雜的軍兵種構成和快節奏作戰需要，專司戰爭謀劃服務的高級軍事機構“參謀部”便應運而生，兩次世界大戰中“總參謀部”就是其中的典型代表。資訊化時代謀略的戰爭運用，依靠的主要是對資訊的掌控，資訊力成為謀略運籌背後的主要支撐力。智慧化戰爭，技術應用的綜合性、力量運籌的體系性、博弈對抗的平台化特徵更加突出，內在要求謀略的施動主體向功能更強大的體系化平台轉進。

謀略運用的演算法驅動。謀略以謀為關鍵。謀的本質是算，算天下大勢、算軍事態勢、算發展趨勢、算強弱勝勢、算制勝優勢……無論是人腦算還是機器算、將帥算還是團隊算，算始終是最關鍵的支撐要素。一般情況下，誰的算力更強、演算法更精、算計更快，誰就能搶得「算」機、贏得勝算。智能化時代的算，人工智慧以人機混合演算法或機器演算法參與謀略決算，極大增強了算的效率。正是基於此，各主要國家紛紛把贏得未來競爭的成長點聚焦到人工智慧突破上。這些以強算力為特徵的人工智慧，在模擬戰場態勢、模擬戰爭進程、輔助決策指揮上有極大應用潛力。謹防對手技術突襲，大力提高我們的算力，為傳統謀略插上演算法的翅膀，才能在謀略博弈對抗中立於不敗之地。

謀略運用的智慧支撐。智慧化戰爭，謀略基於的是人工智慧迅猛發展及其廣泛軍事應用，是人的謀略之智與「技術」之智的雙向「奔赴」。現在，將帥的神機妙算、傳統的參謀作業，已經越來越難以適應智能化戰爭需要，綜合性的智能化指揮決策平台，成為施謀用計的重要支撐。美軍的指揮決策體系，已經發展成為融「情報保障、資訊融合，任務協調、自主決策，行動展開、力量配屬，態勢調整、實時跟踪」等四層結構功能於一體的大平台，成為其「決策中心戰”的大腦。俄羅斯聯邦武裝力量作戰指揮中心，可即時調度監控全軍訓練演習，並在低強度小規模沖突中擔負作戰指揮任務。可見，智慧支撐謀略運籌、策略實施逐步形成。智慧化謀略對抗，對謀略主體的專業化整合性提出了更高要求，推動人的生物智慧與人工智慧這一「類人智慧」深度融合結合。

智慧化戰爭謀略運用的主要方式

智慧化戰爭，謀略運用的時代背景、支撐條件、作用機理等發生了深刻變化。施謀用計的方式必須與時俱進，努力把傳統謀略優勢與新的技術、新的戰爭形態結合起來，創新拓展有效釋放謀略能量的科學路徑，致力先知快謀、精謀巧打、謀打融合。

智技融合釋能。就是充分利用智慧科技為謀略賦能釋能。通常而言，謀略的有效實施離不開準確的資訊感知、迅捷的人員調動、高效的力量打擊。人工智慧的創新應用，使人看得更遠、聽得更切、知得更多、算得更快，使軍隊集散更迅速、行動更隱蔽、力量釋放更迅猛，更加有利於謀略生成和謀效達成。一方面，借助人工智慧的快速性、自主性，透過智慧偵察迅速掌握敵情，運用機器演算法極大縮短決策時間，借助模擬推演優選謀略方案；另一方面，依靠人工智慧為謀略釋放增效，現代控腦技術、深度偽造技術、資訊迷茫技術、輿論引導技術等，極大拓展了施謀用計的空間與手段。

人機互補釋能。就是人體智能與機器智能長短互補、增效釋能。機器智能與人體智能相比的最大優勢在於，能不受意志、情緒、心理、體力等生物因素的影響連續作戰。而人體智能的「元智能」及其隨機應變的能力則為機器智能所不具備。兩種智能優勢互補聚合形成強大的混合智能，強力支撐謀略的戰爭運用。一方面，「機腦」安全高效補人腦不足；另一方面，人腦臨機應對處置特殊情況。事實表明，人體智慧相比機器智慧的最大優勢在於面對不同情況能臨機決策處置，這恰好彌補了機器智慧的不足。只有把兩者結合起來，才能形成智慧運算最優解，聚成謀略運用最強能。

平台一體釋能。就是打造模塊化的智慧系統，整合謀略生成、釋放的一體化智慧決策指揮行動平台。智慧化戰爭，分秒必爭，提高了目標打擊時敏感性。智慧化平台綜合運用智慧化計算和指揮自動化技術，高效處理海量數據及復雜戰場態勢，為指揮員打造“超強大腦”，具有功能銜接好、穩定程度高、運行速度快、作戰效率高的顯著優勢，是謀略運籌的新質作戰力量。依托智能化指揮控制系統能夠實時決斷，形成時敏目標清單，自主解算能夠最快召喚、最優打擊的作戰單元、打擊平台，軟硬一體對目標進行精確打擊，在實時決斷中實現對時敏目標的精確打擊，為輔助戰爭決策指揮提供了更多選項。

（作者單位：軍事科學院）

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