Monthly Archives: September 2025

#Information Support Force, #informatization, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Informatization, Information Support Force, Strategic Support Forces

Space and the Internet China’s Battlegrounds for Military Strategists: Discussion of Mysterious Strategic Support Force Capabilities of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army

Leave a comment

太空與互聯網 中國軍事戰略家的戰場：探討中國人民解放軍神秘的戰略支援部隊能力

現代英語：

With the continuous advancement of space technology and the rapid spread of the Internet world, space and the Internet have almost become a battleground for military strategists. America Establish a space force Japan A Space Operations Team was established, the Russian Air Force was renamed the Aerospace Forces, and the French Air Force followed suit and incorporated into the mission establishment of space operations. And China Then established Strategic Support Force , and after the Rocket Force, it became the fifth largest service branch of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army.

Simply put, the Strategic Support Force has jurisdiction over new areas such as space, electromagnetism, and the Internet that are not part of the traditional land, sea, and air battlefields. In addition to focusing on the development of space combat capabilities, it also brings together electronic combat units, cyber offensive and defensive units and intelligence reconnaissance systems scattered across various services in the past to establish a unified command system and integrate these different fields. Its most important purpose is to use this new non-traditional combat method to support front-line troops and gain future battlefield advantages.

Since China is an opaque country and the People’s Liberation Army has always been mysterious, the outside world’s understanding of strategic support forces is still very limited. However, judging from the publicly available information, the Strategic Support Force has several main components, including the “Space Systems Department”, “Cyber Systems Department”, “Political Work Department” and related administrative units, which are responsible for “space development”, “electronic confrontation”, “cyber offensive and defensive”, “cognitive operations”, and “intelligence reconnaissance” respectively.

The PLA’s Strategic Support Force: Space Development Contending with the United States

The “Aerospace Systems Department” responsible for “space development” has jurisdiction over the past satellite research, production, launch, and ground control centers, and is currently the backbone of China’s development of space combat capabilities. It is mainly divided into three major directions, covering space image reconnaissance, anti-satellite operations, and the construction and maintenance of navigation and communication satellite systems. It also uses a large number of “military-civilian integration” strategies, uses civilian use as cover, and introduces, steals or imitates space technology from European and American countries. For military purposes. For example, general civilian communication satellites are also of great help to the People’s Liberation Army’s drone development or combat communications.

The best examples are Beidou satellite This space navigation system independently developed by China has now developed into the third generation, and its signal service scope covers the world. Although the Beidou satellite has high commercial value, it is widely used in automobile navigation, maritime shipping, land surveying, etc. But more importantly, in the military field, it can significantly increase the PLA’s missile accuracy, assist troops and military unmanned vehicles in positioning and navigation, and become the basis for information-based joint operations together with communication satellites. Leaving the strategic support force responsible for maintaining and operating these satellite systems will undoubtedly further coordinate with the People’s Liberation Army’s combat tasks and development direction, and can also ensure the safety of these satellites.

In addition, China has frequently launched various resource detection and scientific research satellites in recent years, many of which are suspected to be related to military purposes. Like Ocean Satellite Series , ostensibly used for ocean research, but because this series of satellites has the ability to monitor, identify and track maritime targets, it is also a powerful weapon for the People’s Liberation Army to carry out anti-access operations at sea in the future, and will have a great impact on China’s control of disputed waters such as the South China Sea and the East China Sea. Great help. Another series High-score satellite It has reconnaissance capabilities. Although it is euphemistically used for resource protection and improving land planning efficiency, it is actually an out-and-out spy satellite. More than 20 have been launched into space.

China’s strategic support forces not only operate and protect their own satellites, but are also actively studying how to attack other countries’ satellites. For example, China’s long-term development of kinetic energy series anti-satellite weapons has successfully shot down abandoned Chinese satellites. In recent years, China has continuously tested new anti-ballistic missile systems and is also considered to have the ability to attack space satellites. The recently launched Shijian-21 satellite was also found in space orbit, directly grabbing a retired Beidou navigation satellite with a robotic arm, towing it to a higher orbit and discarding it, which attracted the attention of foreign media. Beautiful National Army General Fang has long stated in his testimony before Congress that China has the ability to use these technologies to destroy American satellites during wartime and compete with the United States on the space battlefield.

PLA’s Strategic Support Force: Capturing the Advantage of the Cyber Area

The “Network Systems Department” responsible for “electronic operations” and “cyber offensive and defensive” was restructured from the electronic listening and electronic warfare units of the past, and integrated the network forces established in recent years to specialize in electromagnetic space and virtual space. offensive and defensive. In terms of electronic warfare, it is divided into two parts: passive electronic signal interception and analysis, and active interference destruction. The two are actually two sides of the same coin. For example, the J-16D and J-15D electric fighters of the Chinese Air Force are equipped with electronic warfare systems that rely on electronic reconnaissance aircraft and electronic signal intelligence collected by spy ships on weekdays. Because this information will be analyzed by the “Network Systems Department” to develop countermeasures and interference methods, it has become a key basis for electronic warfare systems to launch attacks.

Cyber warfare is the latest and hottest field, and China is also developing very vigorously in this regard. On more than one occasion, the United States has directly accused hackers related to the People’s Liberation Army of hacking into sensitive units to steal data. In this information age, it has long been common to use the far-reaching characteristics of the Internet to carry out theft, destruction and psychological warfare. The theft of data online is not limited to military secrets, but is more about business technology and even personal privacy. It is not news that China systematically steals foreign information on a large scale to assist domestic technological development. It is a common method to use stealing the privacy of overseas dissidents or officials to achieve the purpose of threatening and inducing.

In addition to stealing information in peacetime, in wartime, you can directly attack the enemy’s infrastructure through the Internet. Such as electricity, communications, water supply and transportation networks, etc., to create chaos, slow down the enemy’s response speed and counterattack ability, and even supplement it with psychological warfare to disintegrate the enemy’s will to resist. Take the recent conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan as an example. After the war broke out, the two countries continued to publish videos of destroying each other’s fighter planes or armored vehicles on the Internet, supplemented by news that it was difficult to distinguish between true and false, in order to boost each other’s morale. This new model of “cognitive warfare” has received more and more attention as the Internet spreads pervasively.

The use of psychological warfare to achieve military or political goals has been a common tactic since ancient times, and China is particularly good at using united front methods. It can even be said to be one of the keys to the People’s Liberation Army’s victory in the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. In recent years, the tactic of integrating public opinion warfare, psychological warfare, and legal warfare has been developed, referred to as the “Three Wars”, and is also written into the political and labor regulations of the People’s Liberation Army. Its highest command unit is the “Political Work Department” of the Central Military Commission. The “Political Work Department” of the Strategic Support Force accepts orders from superiors to monitor the troops internally and ensure the loyalty of personnel. To the outside world, it uses its own satellite communication channels and electronic warfare. Interference and destruction technology, online public opinion guidance skills, etc. to support the “Three Wars”. Various infiltrations were carried out at the same time to carry out “intelligence reconnaissance” work.

Increase alertness to new combat modes

This new war, which combines information gathering, destruction and theft, public opinion infiltration, and cognitive warfare, is something we have never seen before. From state-of-the-art space and electronics to the oldest gossip, everything is used to help frontline combat forces gain an advantage. At the same time, the Strategic Support Force also has jurisdiction over the “Strategic Support Force Aerospace Engineering University” and the “Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University”, merging many colleges and universities in the past to cultivate talents for the “Aerospace Systems Department” and “Network Systems Department”. And use these academic units to develop the latest tactics and tactics. The threat to Taiwan cannot be underestimated.

Such as a few that have been exposed Strategic Support Force Base 311 Fuzhou City, located in Fujian Province, is responsible for conducting the People’s Liberation Army’s “Three Wars”. It is only separated from Taiwan by one water, and the targets it targets are self-evident. In addition to preventing regular military attacks, Taiwan must also be more vigilant against this new form of aggression. In recent years, the National Army has also actively developed this invisible combat power and established the “Information and Telecommunications Army”, which is responsible for operations in the fields of network, communications, electronic warfare and other fields, and is positioned as the fourth service. However, due to national strength, it has not been able to invest significantly in the space field. In addition, Taiwan is a democratic country, and the military is unable to use the Internet to develop public opinion warfare and psychological warfare, which puts Taiwan at a great disadvantage in this competition.

China’s strategic support forces support front-line combat forces from various fields. This concept is worth learning from Taiwan, because although the government’s slogan of “National Defense for All” is often shouted at sky-high prices, ministries other than the Ministry of National Defense often lack the concept of enemy situation and fail to think about whether it will have an impact on national security when formulating policies.

Hybrid warfare in the new era is a battlefield everywhere and is no longer something that the Ministry of National Defense can deal with or deal with alone. Taiwanese society faces a huge threat from the enemy, but its failure to establish a universal national defense concept is really frustrating, let alone integrate resources and provide strategic support to the national army.

現代國語：

隨著太空技術的不斷進步、網路世界的快速普及，太空與網路幾乎已成為兵家必爭之地。美國設立太空軍，日本設立宇宙作戰隊，俄羅斯空軍更名為航空太空軍，法國空軍也隨之跟進，納入太空作戰的任務編制。而中國則成立戰略支援部隊，並在火箭軍之後，成為中國人民解放軍的第五大軍種。

簡單來說，戰略支援部隊管轄太空、電磁、網路等不屬於傳統陸、海、空戰場的全新領域。除了重點發展的太空戰力，還匯集過去散布於各軍種的電子作戰部隊、網路攻防單位與情報偵察系統，以建立統一的指揮體系，整合這些不同領域。其最重要的目的，是利用這種新型態的非傳統作戰方式，來支援第一線部隊，取得未來戰場上的優勢。

由於中國是個不透明的國家，解放軍也一向神秘，因此外界對於戰略支援部隊的瞭解仍非常有限。但從可以公開取得的資料來看，戰略支援部隊擁有幾個主要組成部分，包括「航天系統部」、「網路系統部」、「政治工作部」與相關行政單位，分別負責「太空發展」、「電子對抗」、「網路攻防」、「認知作戰」、「情報偵察」五大方面。

解放軍的戰略支援部隊：與美國抗衡的太空發展

負責「太空發展」的「航天系統部」，下轄過去的衛星研究、生產、發射、地面控制中心，是目前中國發展太空戰力的骨幹。主要分為三大方向，涵蓋太空影像偵察、反衛星作戰、導航與通信衛星系統的建置與維護，並大量運用「軍民融合」策略，以民用為掩護，引進、竊取或仿製歐美等國的太空技術，用於軍事用途。例如一般的民用通訊衛星，對於解放軍的無人機發展或作戰通訊也有極大的助益。

最好的例子是北斗衛星，這套中國自行研發的太空導航系統，目前已經發展到第三代，訊號服務範圍涵蓋全球。雖然北斗衛星擁有很高的商業價值，在汽車導航、海上航運、土地測量等方面用途廣泛。但更重要的是在軍用領域，能大幅增加解放軍的飛彈精確度，協助部隊與軍用無人載具進行定位與導航，並與通訊衛星一起成為資訊化聯合作戰的基礎。交由戰略支援部隊來負責維護與操作這些衛星系統，無疑能進一步配合解放軍的作戰任務與發展方向，也可確保這些衛星的安全。

此外，中國近年來頻繁發射各種資源探測與科學研究衛星，許多都被懷疑與軍事用途有關。如海洋衛星系列，表面上用於海洋研究，但由於這一系列衛星具備監視、識別與追蹤海上目標的能力，也是解放軍未來在海上執行反介入作戰的利器，對中國控制南海、東海等爭議海域，有極大的助益。另一系列的高分衛星，具備偵照能力，雖然美其名是用於資源保護，提升國土規劃效率，但其實是不折不扣的間諜衛星，已發射二十餘枚進入太空之中。

中國的戰略支援部隊不止操作與保護自己的衛星，也正在積極研究如何攻擊別國的衛星。如中國長期發展的動能系列反衛星武器，已成功擊落過廢棄的中國衛星，而中國近年來不斷測試新型的反彈道飛彈系統，也被認為有攻擊太空衛星的能力。最近剛發射的實踐21號衛星，還被發現在太空軌道中，直接以機械手臂抓取一顆退役的北斗導航衛星，拖往更高的軌道上丟棄，引起國外媒體的關注。美國軍方將領在國會作證時早已表示，中國有能力運用這些技術，於戰時破壞美國的衛星，在太空戰場上與美國分庭抗禮。

解放軍的戰略支援部隊：奪得網路區域的優勢

負責「電子作戰」與「網路攻防」的「網路系統部」，是由過去的電子監聽與電戰單位改制而來，並整合近年來設立的網路部隊，專精電磁空間與虛擬空間的攻防。在電子作戰方面，分為被動的電子訊號截收與分析，與主動的干擾破壞兩大部分，兩者其實是一體兩面。如中國空軍的殲-16D、殲-15D電戰機，配備的電戰系統，就仰賴電子偵察機與間諜船平日所蒐集的電子訊號情報。因為這些資料會交由「網路系統部」進行分析，以研發出反制與干擾的辦法，成為電戰系統發動攻擊時的關鍵依據。

網路戰則是最新、最熱門的領域，中國在這方面也有非常蓬勃的發展。美國已經不只一次，直接指控與解放軍有關的駭客，入侵敏感單位竊取資料。在這個資訊時代，利用網路無遠弗屆的特性，來進行竊取、破壞與心理戰，早已屢見不鮮。網路竊取資料並不侷限於軍事機密，更多的是商業技術，甚至是個人的隱私。中國有計畫地大規模竊取國外資訊，以協助國內的科技發展，並不是什麼新聞。利用竊取海外異議分子或官員的隱私，來達成威脅利誘的目的，更是常見的手法。

除了在承平時期竊取資訊外，在戰時則可直接透過網路，攻擊敵方的各項基礎設施。如電力、通訊、供水與交通網等，以製造混亂，拖慢敵方的應變速度與反擊能力，甚至輔以心理戰，瓦解敵方的抵抗意志。以近期亞美尼亞與亞塞拜然的衝突為例，兩國在戰事爆發後，不斷把擊毀對方戰機或裝甲車的影片公布在網路上，輔以真假難辨的消息，以打擊對方的士氣。這種「認知作戰」的新模式，已隨著網路傳播的無孔不入，越來越受到重視。

利用心理戰來達成軍事或政治目的，是自古以來很常見的戰術，而中國又特別擅長運用統戰手段，甚至可以說是國共內戰中，解放軍致勝的關鍵之一。在近年來更發展出整合輿論戰、心理戰、法律戰的戰術，簡稱為「三戰」，還寫入解放軍的政工條例中。其最高指揮單位是中央軍委會的「政治工作部」，戰略支援部隊的「政治工作部」接受上級命令，對內監控部隊，確保人員的忠誠，對外則利用本身所掌握的衛星通訊傳播管道、電戰干擾破壞技術、網路輿論引導技巧等，來支援「三戰」。同時進行各種滲透，執行「情報偵察」工作。

提高對全新作戰模式的警覺

這種結合資訊情蒐、破壞竊取、輿論滲透、認知作戰的全新戰爭，是我們過去所未曾見過的。從最先進的太空與電子技術，到最古老的流言蜚語，無所不用其極地協助第一線作戰部隊取得優勢。同時，戰略支援部隊還下轄「戰略支援部隊航天工程大學」與「戰略支援部隊信息工程大學」，合併過去多所院校，專為「航天系統部」與「網路系統部」培養人材。並利用這些學術單位，發展最新的戰術戰法，對台灣的威脅不容小覷。

如少數已曝光的戰略支援部隊311基地，位於福建省的福州市，負責進行解放軍的「三戰」，與台灣只有一水之隔，所針對的目標已不言可喻。台灣除了要防範正規的軍事攻擊，對於這種新形態的侵略，更要提高警覺。國軍近年來也積極發展這種看不見的戰力，成立「資通電軍」，負責網路、通訊、電戰等領域的作戰，並定位為第四軍種。但受限於國力，未能大幅投資太空領域，再加上台灣是個民主國家，軍方無法利用網路來發展輿論戰、心理戰，都讓台灣在這場競爭中處於極不利的處境。

中國的戰略支援部隊，從各個領域來支援第一線的作戰部隊，這樣的概念值得台灣學習，因為政府「全民國防」的口號雖然常喊得震天價響，但國防部以外的部會，卻往往缺少敵情觀念，在擬定政策時未能思考是否會對國家安全造成衝擊。

新時代的混合式戰爭，無處不是戰場，早已經不是國防部可以獨自應付或處理的。台灣社會面臨巨大的敵情威脅，卻未能建立普遍的國防觀念，實在令人扼腕，更遑論整合資源，給予國軍戰略支援了。

中國原創軍事資源：https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/120873/6088490

Uncategorized

Enhanced Development of Chinese Military’s Network Information System

Leave a comment

中國軍隊網路資訊系統建置取得新進展

現代英語：

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and military revolution is developing rapidly, the evolution of war forms towards informatization and intelligence is accelerating, and the status and role of network information systems in modern warfare is unprecedentedly prominent. President Xi Jinping pointed out that the information support force is first and foremost a combat team. It must stand at the height of a strong army and win the battle, fully recognize the extreme importance of the construction of the network information system, recognize the historical responsibilities it has shouldered, and accelerate the construction of the network information system and services. Support the ability to prepare for war. In-depth study and implementation of the spirit of President Xi’s important speech should grasp the characteristics and laws of the current network information system construction and improvement of war preparation capabilities, do a solid job in various tasks, and promote the leapfrog development of the military network information system construction.

　　 Provide systematic support and guarantee for future wars

　　The network information system is a complex giant system with network center, information leadership, system support, etc. as its main features. By systematically integrating combat units, combat forces and combat elements, it can achieve rapid acquisition, analysis and processing of battlefield situation information, Decision-making and recommendation deepen the ability of precise strikes, joint operations, and independent coordination between services and arms to provide systematic support and guarantee for future wars.

　　The network information system continues to evolve with the development of military science and technology. After World War II, the development of electronic technology prompted the gradual modernization of military means of communication. The military uses radio communication technology to build a basic command and communication network. In the mid-20th century, computer technology emerged in the military field and was used for data processing such as military logistics management and intelligence file storage. The rapid development of information technology and the accelerated spread of Internet applications have had a great impact on the world’s military development. In the 1970s, as the complexity of military operations increased, the concept of C3I systems (command, control, communications and intelligence) was proposed and developed. After the Gulf War, the C4ISR system (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence and Surveillance and Reconnaissance) matured. At the turn of the century, the concept of network-centered warfare emerged, emphasizing network-centeredness and connecting various combat forces and combat units into an organic whole through the network to achieve information sharing and coordinated operations. With the emergence of new technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, network information continues to integrate these new technologies and play an important role in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict in recent years. Currently, some countries are integrating land, sea, air, space, network and other multi-domain combat capabilities through the concept of “Joint Global Command and Control ”JADC2“” to build seamlessly connected combat networks, while promoting 5G militarization tests and exploring quantum communication technologies, verify the feasibility of global quantum Internet, etc., and create a new trend in network information construction.

　　The network information system is an important innovation in the party’s military guidance theory in the new era. Since the new era, President Xi has based himself on the practice of military construction, reform and military struggle preparations, innovatively proposed “network information system” to guide the cause of strengthening the military in the new era. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the development of military intelligence should be accelerated and joint combat capabilities and all-region combat capabilities based on network information systems should be improved. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that the construction and application of the network information system should be coordinated. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called for strengthening the overall planning of the construction and application of the network information system. When inspecting the information support force, President Xi emphasized the need to implement the idea of strengthening the military in the new era, implement the military strategic policy in the new era, strengthen mission responsibility, have the courage to innovate and make breakthroughs, consolidate the foundation of the force, strive to build a strong modern information support force, and promote Our military’s network information system construction has developed by leaps and bounds. This important speech further highlighted the important position and role of the network information system in modern warfare.

　　The network information system is an important guide in promoting the modernization of our military. In the 1970s, our army began to command automation construction, carrying out stand-alone applications and network construction in the fields of communications, intelligence, command and other fields. In the 1990s, with the rapid development of information technology, our military’s informatization construction began to accelerate. It deployed and developed in the fields of military communications, intelligence reconnaissance, command and control, and initially established a series of military information systems. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Central Military Commission included “military informatization construction” in its strategic deployment. Informatization construction continued to accelerate, and a new generation of information transmission network was built with optical fiber communications as the mainstay and satellite and shortwave communications as supplements. The construction of information systems has made great progress, the army’s systematic combat capabilities based on information systems have been strengthened. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the construction of our military’s network information system has entered a new stage of development. Accelerate the integrated development of informatization, mechanization and intelligence, strengthen the top-level design and overall planning of the network information system, and promote the innovative development of the network information system. Actively carry out the practical application of the network information system and improve its joint and all-territory combat capabilities based on the network information system.

　　 “strategic shield” for national security

　　The rapid development of network information technology has profoundly changed the national security environment and the form of military struggle. In view of the international situation, the world’s major military powers have stepped up their efforts to build their forces in cyberspace and are competing fiercely around the advantages of cyber information, which has become a central element in taking the initiative in war. The security threats facing our country are increasingly complex and diverse, with traditional and non-traditional security threats intertwined. To safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests, an advanced network information system must be developed.

　　In recent years, global cyberattacks have become frequent, posing a serious threat to critical information infrastructure. Building an autonomous and controllable network information system is both a “firewall” against external infiltration and a “strategic shield” for maintaining national security. By building a robust network information system, it can effectively counter external cyberattacks, cyberespionage and other threats, and ensure the security of the country’s critical information infrastructure. At the same time, the advanced network information system is a reflection of the country’s strategic deterrence capabilities. It can not only provide precise command control and information support for strategic weapons systems, but also curb the military adventures of potential adversaries through the deterrent power of network information, thereby maintaining peace and stability in the region and the world.

　　To build a network information system and lead comprehensive changes in national defense and military construction concepts, organizational forms, and combat methods. In terms of combat concept, the transition from platform-centric to network-centric emphasis is placed on system confrontation and information dominance. In terms of organizational form, it optimizes combat power through network information systems to maximize combat effectiveness. In terms of combat methods, electromagnetic space becomes the main battlefield, and cognitive domain confrontation intensifies. The development of network information systems is inseparable from the research and development of key information technologies, including high-performance chips, advanced communication technologies, and military applications of artificial intelligence. Build a network information system to drive a jump in national defense science and technology innovation capabilities, promote military scientific research institutions and military industrial enterprises to increase investment in research and development, strengthen independent innovation capabilities, and make full use of the advantages of network information technology to improve national defense science and technology levels.

　　The level of construction and application of the network information system determines the effectiveness of the joint combat command system, intelligence and reconnaissance system, fire strike system, and comprehensive support system. In modern warfare, the ability of various services and arms to obtain, process, and share battlefield information in real time determines joint operational effectiveness. Joint operations require the command system to have millisecond-level decision-making capabilities, and the network information system provides a digital bridge for cross-domain collaboration for multi-dimensional battlefields such as land, sea, air, space, and the Internet. By building a complete network information system, situation sharing, autonomous linkage, integrated integration and cross-domain energy gathering can be achieved among the various combat forces, combat elements and combat units distributed in a wide area, and then at the time, place and space required for combat. Form a system to optimize and give full play to joint combat effectiveness.

　　 Building a network information system with the characteristics of our military

　　The network information system is the most intensive area for high-tech applications, and it is also an important position for competition among military powers. The network information system has become a key point in the military’s combat effectiveness, and the level of its construction determines the initiative in future wars. We must deeply understand President Xi’s series of important expositions on the network information system, based on the actual construction and application of our military’s network information system, follow the laws of military science and technology development, and accelerate the construction of a network information system that meets the requirements of modern warfare and has our military’s characteristics.

　　Theoretical lag is the bottleneck that restricts the effectiveness of the system. The speed of theoretical innovation determines the height of system construction, and theoretical breakthroughs must be used to seize the commanding heights of network information system construction. Research on major issues in network information system combat preparation, innovate military scientific research paradigms, strengthen technology-driven theoretical innovation, and build a network information system theory with Chinese characteristics. Focusing on new combat concepts such as “multi-domain collaboration ”“intelligent gaming”, we will develop joint combat theories supported by network information systems, strengthen the transformation and application of theories, and provide support and guidance for the decisive victory in future wars.

　　Strengthen research on core technologies to form an independent and controllable network information technology ecological chain; accelerate infrastructure construction and build a network information system infrastructure covering the entire region. Break down the barriers of departmental interests, deepen the mechanism of joint construction and joint use of services and arms, and form an ecology of “co-construction, sharing and sharing”. We should pay attention to building the cyber and information capacity of our troops at the grass-roots level, and formulate appropriate construction plans based on the characteristics and actual needs of our troops to meet the overall requirements for the development of joint operations. Adhere to the integration of construction and application to improve actual combat effectiveness, use “development— test —combat” closed-loop feedback mechanism, and continuously optimize system functions through simulation deductions and actual military drills to ensure anti-interference, anti-damage, and anti-interference in complex electromagnetic environments and network offensive and defensive confrontations. Paralysis ability. Relying on military academies and scientific research institutions, we will train composite commanders and fighters who are proficient in network information technology and familiar with joint operations, improve relevant mechanisms, and attract all types of high-end talents to participate in the construction of the network information system.

　　”Victory” depends on information communication, and strength depends on the system. The construction of the network information system of the world’s military powers is showing a trend “technology-driven, system integration, and security first”. Its core lies in improving joint combat effectiveness through standardization, intelligence, and actual combat. Standing in a new historical position, the construction of our military’s network information system faces rare opportunities and has to cope with complex challenges. It is necessary to “coordinate the overall strategic situation of strengthening the country through science and technology and strengthening the military through science and technology with the spirit of historical initiative, and achieve high-quality development of network information system construction with the realm of “success does not have to be mine” and the responsibility of “success must be mine”; adhere to innovation-driven, demand-driven, military-civilian collaboration, accelerate the construction of a network information system that meets the requirements of modern warfare and has the characteristics of our military” Laying a solid foundation for winning future wars.

　　 (Author: Dong Junlin, unit: Institute of Military Political Work, Academy of Military Sciences)

現代國語：

目前，新一輪科技革命和軍事革命迅速發展，戰爭形態加速向資訊化、智慧化演變，網路資訊體系在現代戰爭中的地位作用空前凸顯。習近平主席指出，資訊支援部隊首先是一個戰鬥隊，要站在強軍勝戰的高度，充分認清網路資訊體系建設的極端重要性，認清擔負的歷史重任，加快把網路資訊體系建設和服務支撐備戰打仗能力搞上去。深入學習貫徹習主席重要講話精神，應當把握當前網路資訊體系建構與提升備戰打仗能力的特色規律，紮實做好各項工作，推動軍隊網路資訊體系建置跨越發展。

為未來戰爭提供體系化支撐與保障

網路資訊體係是以網路中心、資訊主導、體系支撐等為主要特徵的複雜巨系統，透過將作戰單元、作戰力量以及作戰要素進行系統集成，進而實現戰場態勢資訊的快速取得、分析處理、決策推薦，深化軍兵種之間的精準打擊、聯合作戰、自主協同保障，為未來戰爭提供系統化支援。

網路資訊體系伴隨軍事科技發展不斷演進。二戰後，電子技術的發展促使軍事通訊手段逐步現代化。軍隊利用無線電通訊技術建構基本的指揮通訊網路。 20世紀中葉，電腦科技在軍事領域嶄露頭角，用於軍事後勤管理、情報檔案儲存等資料處理工作。資訊科技快速發展，網路應用加速普及，對世界軍事發展帶來巨大影響。 1970年代，隨著軍事行動複雜性的增加，C3I系統（指揮、控制、通訊與情報）概念被提出並發展。海灣戰爭後，C4ISR系統（指揮、控制、通訊、電腦、情報及監視與偵察）逐漸成熟。世紀交接，出現了網路中心戰理念，強調以網路為中心，將各種作戰力量、作戰單元透過網路連結成一個有機的整體，實現資訊共享和協同作戰。隨著大數據、人工智慧、雲端運算、物聯網等新興技術的湧現，網路資訊不斷融合這些新技術，在近年來的納卡衝突、俄烏衝突、巴以衝突中發揮重要作用。目前，部分國家透過「聯合全域指揮控制（JADC2）」概念，整合陸、海、空、天、網等多域作戰能力，建構無縫連接的作戰網絡，同時推進5G軍事化試驗，探索量子通訊技術，驗證全球「量子互聯網」可行性等，打造網路資訊建置新態勢。

網路資訊體係是新時代黨的軍事指導理論的重要創新。新時代以來，習主席立足於軍隊建設、改革和軍事鬥爭準備實踐，創新性提出“網路資訊體系”，指導新時代強軍事業。黨的十九大報告指出，加速軍事智慧化發展，提升基於網路資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全域作戰能力。黨的二十大報告強調，統籌網路資訊體系建置運用。黨的二十屆三中全會要求，加強網路資訊體系建構運用統籌。習主席在視察資訊支援部隊時強調，要貫徹新時代強軍思想，貫徹新時代軍事戰略方針，強化使命擔當，勇於創新突破，夯實部隊基礎，努力建設一支強大的現代化信息支援部隊，推動我軍網絡信息體系建設跨越發展。這重要講話，進一步凸顯了網路資訊體系在現代戰爭中的重要地位與角色。

網路資訊體係是推動我軍現代化建設的重要領導。 1970年代，我軍開始指揮自動化建設，在通訊、情報、指揮等領域進行單機應用與網路建設。 90年代，隨著資訊科技的快速發展，我軍資訊化建設開始加速，在軍事通訊、情報偵察、指揮控制等領域佈局發展，初步建立一系列軍事資訊系統。 21世紀初，中央軍委將「軍隊資訊化建設」列入戰略部署，資訊化建設持續提速，建成以光纖通信為主，以衛星、短波通信為輔的新一代信息傳輸網絡，信息系統建設取得長足進步，部隊基於信息系統的體係作戰能力得到加強。自黨的十八大以來，我軍網路資訊體系建構進入新的發展階段。加速資訊化與機械化、智慧化融合發展，強化網路資訊體系的頂層設計與統籌規劃，推動網路資訊體系創新發展。積極進行網路資訊體系實戰化應用，提升基於網路資訊體系的聯合作戰能力及全域作戰能力。

維護國家安全的“戰略盾牌”

網路資訊科技的快速發展深刻改變國家安全環境與軍事鬥爭形態。從國際情勢來看，世界主要軍事強國紛紛加強網路空間力量建設，圍繞網路資訊優勢展開激烈競爭，網路資訊體系成為掌握戰爭主動權的核心要素。我國面臨的安全威脅日益複雜多樣，傳統安全威脅與非傳統安全威脅交織在一起。要維護國家主權、安全和發展利益，必須發展先進的網路資訊系統。

近年來，全球網路攻擊事件頻傳，關鍵資訊基礎設施面臨嚴峻威脅。建立自主可控的網路資訊體系，既是抵禦外部滲透的“防火牆”，也是維護國家安全的“戰略盾牌”。透過建構強大的網路資訊體系，能夠有效應對外部網路攻擊、網路間諜活動等威脅，確保國家關鍵資訊基礎設施的安全。同時，先進的網路資訊體系更是國家戰略威懾能力的體現，不僅為戰略武器系統提供精確的指揮控制和資訊支持，還能夠透過網路資訊的威懾力量遏制潛在對手的軍事冒險行為，從而維護地區和世界的和平穩定。

建構網路資訊體系，引領國防及軍隊建設理念、組織形態、作戰方式等方面的全面變革。在作戰理念上，從以平台為中心轉向以網路為中心轉變，強調體系對抗和資訊主導。在組織形態上，透過網路資訊體系優化作戰力量，實現作戰效能的最大化。在作戰方式上，電磁空間成為主戰場，認知域對抗加劇。網路資訊體系發展，離不開關鍵資訊科技的研發，包括高效能晶片、先進通訊技術、人工智慧軍事應用等領域。建置網路資訊體系，帶動國防科技創新能力躍升，推動軍事科研機構及軍工企業加強研發投入，加強自主創新能力，充分利用網路資訊技術優勢提升國防科技水準。

網路資訊體系的建設運用水平，決定著聯合作戰指揮系統、情報偵察系統、火力打擊系統、綜合保障系統等方面的效能。在現代戰爭中，各軍兵種即時取得、處理、分享戰場資訊的能力決定了聯合作戰效能。聯合作戰更是要求指揮系統具備毫秒級決策能力，網路資訊體系則為陸、海、空、天、網等多維戰場提供跨域協同的數位橋樑。透過建構完善的網路資訊體系，廣域分佈的各作戰力量、作戰要素、作戰單元之間才能實現態勢共享、自主聯動、一體融合和跨域聚能，進而在作戰需要的時間、地點、空間形成體系聚優，充分發揮出聯合作戰效能。

建構具有我軍特色的網信體系

網路資訊體係是高新科技應用最密集的領域，也是軍事強國競爭的重要立場。網路資訊體系已成為軍隊戰鬥力的關鍵點，其建設水準決定未來戰爭的主動權。必須深刻領悟習主席關於網路資訊體系的系列重要論述，立足我軍網路資訊體系建構運用實際，遵循軍事科技發展趨勢規律，加快建設符合現代戰爭要求、具有我軍特色的網路資訊體系。

理論滯後是限制體系效能的瓶頸。理論創新的速度決定體系建構的高度，要以理論突破搶佔網路資訊體系建設制高點。扭轉網路資訊體系在戰建備中的重大問題研究，創新軍事科研範式，強化技術驅動型理論創新，建構具有中國特色的網路資訊體系理論。圍繞著「多域協同」「智慧博弈」等新型作戰概念，發展以網路資訊體系為支撐的聯合作戰理論，加強理論轉化運用，為決勝未來戰爭提供支撐引領。

強化核心技術攻關，形成自主可控的網信技術生態鏈；加速基礎建設，建構覆蓋全域的網信體系基礎設施。打破部門利益藩籬，深化軍兵種聯建聯用機制，形成「共建共用共享」的生態。重視基層部隊網信能力建設，結合部隊特徵與實際需求，制定相適應的建設計劃，以適應聯合作戰發展的整體要求。堅持建用一體，提升實戰效能，運用「研製—試驗—作戰」閉環回饋機制，透過模擬推演、實兵演練不斷優化體系功能，確保在複雜電磁環境、網路攻防對抗中具備抗干擾、抗毀傷、抗癱瘓能力。依托軍隊院校及科研機構，培養精通網信技術、熟悉聯合作戰的複合型指戰員，完善相關機制，吸引各類高端人才參與網路資訊體系建置。

勝由資訊通，強由體系興。世界軍事強國的網路資訊體系建構正呈現出「技術驅動、體系融合、安全優先」的趨勢，其核心在於透過標準化、智慧化和實戰化來提升聯合作戰效能。站在新的歷史方位，我軍網路資訊體系建構面臨難得機遇，也要應付複雜挑戰。要以歷史主動精神統籌科技強國和科技強軍戰略全局，以「功成不必在我」的境界和「功成必定有我」的擔當，實現網絡資訊體系建設高品質發展；堅持創新驅動、需求牽引、軍地協同，加快建設符合現代戰爭要求、具有我軍特色的網絡信息體系，為打贏未來戰爭奠定基礎。

（作者：董俊林，單位：軍事科學院軍事政治工作研究院）

中國原創軍事資源：https://military.cctv.com/2025/06/08/ARTI5vEDwX94cVXXAUlwGbDX250608.shtml

#intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, #耗散戰爭, Chinese Military Informatization, Dimensionality Reduction Strikes, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 耗散戰爭

Dissipation Conflict: The Typical Methodology of Chinese Military Intelligent Warfare

Leave a comment

耗散衝突：中國軍事智慧化戰爭的典型方法論

現代英語：

Wang Ronghui

Introduction

With the rapid development of intelligent technology and its widespread military application, intelligent warfare is becoming a new form of warfare after information warfare, while dissipative warfare has become a typical way of intelligent warfare. The so-called “dissipative warfare” refers to the combat method in which an intelligent warfare system achieves a comprehensive combat capability that integrates material consumption, energy release and information diffusion by enriching and integrating internally and suddenly emerging externally. Strengthening research on dissipative warfare will help us deeply reveal the winning mechanism of intelligent warfare and win the initiative in future war games.

Dissipation warfare is the inevitable result of the development of the times

Dissipative warfare is manifested in the comprehensive confrontation of physical domain, information domain and cognitive domain in the intelligent era. It is reflected in the high degree of unity in the form of political competition, economic competition, military offense and defense, cultural conflict and diplomatic checks and balances, reflecting the intelligent warfare system. The openness, complexity and emergence of.

Adapting to the requirements of the security situation in the intelligent era. Entering the era of intelligence, technologies such as wide networks, big data, large models, cloud computing, and deep learning are developing rapidly, and the connections between political groups, countries, and ethnic groups are even broader. Under the influence of multiple factors such as political pluralism, economic integration, social openness, and technological revolution, non-traditional security has emerged and become intertwined with traditional threats. Intelligent war subjects and categories have continued to expand, war time and space have continued to extend, and war and peace have followed each other like a shadow. And intertwined, the war system will further transcend local geographical restrictions, move from relatively closed to more open, and form a higher-level and larger-scale confrontation. Dissipative warfare emphasizes the comprehensive efforts of intelligent warfare systems in the physical domain, information domain and cognitive domain, and highly unifies and incorporates political competitions, economic competitions, military offensive and defensive, cultural conflicts and diplomatic checks and balances into the category of confrontation between ourselves and the enemy, adapting to the world. The requirements of the times as the security situation develops.

In line with the objective laws of the evolution of the war forms. The dissipation phenomenon of the war system has always existed since the emergence of war. However, before the emergence of intelligent war forms, due to technological constraints, it was always in a relatively low-level and simple state. War confrontation can only manifest itself in material consumption and energy. A certain form of dispersion and information diffusion. During the agricultural era, the forms of warfare were mainly represented by cold weapon warfare dominated by material elements and centered on the human body. During the industrialization era, the forms of warfare were mainly represented by thermonuclear weapons and mechanized warfare dominated by energy elements and centered on platforms. In the age of informatization, the forms of warfare are mainly characterized by information warfare dominated by information elements and centered on the network information system. Entering the era of intelligence, intelligent technology highly unifies the cognitive advantages, decision-making advantages and action advantages in the confrontation between ourselves and the enemy. In essence, it highly unifies matter, energy and information. Through intelligent empowerment, intelligent energy gathering, and Intelligent energy release has formed an intelligent war form dominated by intelligent elements and centered on intelligent algorithms The main form of expression is dissipative warfare that reflects the confrontation of complex systems of intelligent warfare.

With solid support of philosophical theoretical foundation. Social form is the matrix of war form. To explore and understand intelligent war, we must comprehensively examine the evolution of war form and the social form in which intelligent war is located based on the basic principles of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, and build a new concept of war. and contextual system. From a philosophical point of view, matter, energy and information are the three elements that make up the world. Matter embodies the existence of origin, energy embodies the existence of movement, and information embodies the existence of connection. The progressive alternation of the three dominates the evolution and operation of social forms and war forms. According to the negative principle of the negation of dialectical materialism, in the intelligent era after the information age, the elements that dominate society will take the turn of matter again after matter, energy, and information. However, this matter is formed after a highly informatized spiral. The main feature of new substances is that they have intelligent technical attributes. Thus, in essence, dissipative warfare is the highly unified nature of the intelligent element in terms of the characteristic advantages of matter, energy, and information in previous low-order war forms, and the highly unified nature of forms such as material consumption, energy release, and information diffusion prevalent in warfare, reflecting the typical characteristics of intelligent warfare.

Deeply grasp the inner essence of dissipative warfare

Dissipative warfare is based on the real world and covers the virtual world. It adapts to the rapid development of intelligent technology, the rise of non-traditional security threats, and the continuous expansion of the main body and scope of warfare, and presents many new features.

Antisynthetic game. As the intelligent war form accelerates to a higher depth and breadth, and the political, economic, cultural, diplomatic and other fields become more interconnected and influence more widely, the focus of war begins to shift from the military system to the social system, and the war stakeholders Confrontation will be reflected in various forms of comprehensive games such as political competition, economic competition, military offensive and defensive, cultural conflicts, and diplomatic checks and balances The war superiority pursued is no longer limited to the field of military confrontation. The winner of the war must adapt to the requirements of openness, complexity and emergence of the war system, and shift from the extensive consumption and use of a single substance, energy and information to the dissipation of the war system dominated by intelligent advantages, striving to win initiative and advantage in a multi-field comprehensive game.

Subjects cross-domain multivariate. The subjects of intelligent warfare are becoming increasingly general, and the potential forces of war that traditional warfare needs to mobilize will be in a state of normalized confrontation. Political forces, institutions and personnel of all kinds, together with troops and servicemen fighting on the battlefield in the traditional sense, constitute the main body of the war. Diversified war subjects will span the real and virtual domains and appear in multiple spatial domains such as land, sea, air, sky, electricity, and psychology, covering physical domains, information domains, cognitive domains, etc., and covering political, economic, cultural, diplomatic and other social domains. For example, “civilians in society can use smartphones to collect information on the military battlefield and transmit it to war stakeholders, causing the proliferation of key information about war, thereby affecting war decisions or the victory or defeat of a battle and battle”.

Enrichment. The virtual and real forces are one. Around the purpose of war, all possible real and virtual forces will be integrated with the support of intelligent technology, performing duties and acting according to regulations on parallel battlefields; with or without force. Unmanned combat forces will achieve a high degree of autonomy after going through the stages of manual operation, manual authorization, and human supervision, and can be deployed and combined with various types of manned forces on demand, effectively synergizing and coexisting in parallel under the constraints of common war rules; multi-party forces are integrated. Based on the broad contacts in various fields and the common purpose of the war system, all parties, including the party, government, military, police and civilians, closely cooperate and act in a unified manner between military operations and political, economic, diplomatic, public opinion and legal struggles to form a comprehensive combat force. In short, under the integrated planning of countries or political groups, the diverse participating forces in intelligent warfare, although physically dispersed, can focus on common war purposes to achieve logical concentration, instant enrichment, complementary advantages, and integration.

Efficacy cumulative emergence. The high-order war forms, while having new qualitative technical characteristics, still include the characteristic advantages of the low-order war forms. Dissipation warfare emphasizes continuous comprehensive confrontation in multiple domains, which includes both the consumption of ammunition, supplies, equipment and even combatants at the material level, as well as the continuous collection and release of energy levels, including through data, knowledge, algorithms at the information level. The diffusion and fusion of etc. have an unlimited impact on people’s thinking and cognition, value pursuit, moral concepts, emotional will, behavior patterns, etc. Under the normal deterrence of nuclear weapons, intelligent warfare has shown a downward trend of bleeding, but political isolation, economic blockade, cultural conflicts, diplomatic strangulation, etc. will become more severe and intense. When the role of various systems such as military, political, economic, cultural, and diplomatic systems continues to play, and the accumulation of effectiveness reaches a certain level, the war system will increase negative entropy, thereby achieving sudden changes in combat power and the emergence of system effectiveness, thereby gaining war advantages.

Fight a good dissipative war in the “select the right combat focus”

By enriching and integrating internally, the intelligent warfare system suddenly emerges externally, increasing efficiency across domains, and dissipating intelligence to maximize the combat effectiveness of the system. This is the winning mechanism contained in dissipative warfare. To win the victory in intelligent warfare, it is necessary to clarify the combat focus of dissipative warfare, identify the focus of war preparations based on the shortcomings and weaknesses of the opponent’s system.

Focusing on the openness of the system, closing off and isolating the opponent’s war system. To cut off the exchange of material, energy and information between the adversary’s war system and the outside battlefield environment, so that it lacks channels for the source of material, energy and information, and gradually moves towards isolation, closure and weakness. For example, “At the strategic level, political isolation is used to isolate the opponent’s war system, causing the system entropy to increase”. At the “campaign level”, methods such as cutting off data sources, destroying data backups, falsifying data, and tampering with information can be used to comprehensively use soft and hard means to force the war system to transform into a closed state, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the opponent’s system.

Focusing on the complexity of the system, it breaks down the adversary’s war system in different domains. The more and more closely connected the elements of an intelligent warfare system are, the less reliable the architecture will be. Using the principle that each layer in a complex system is relatively independent, strategic overall, campaign local and tactical action strategies can be formulated to achieve hierarchical and domain-based attack on the enemy’s war system. For example, “At the strategic level, the use of economic blockade greatly weakens the opponent’s war strength and development potential”. At the “campaign level”, we take advantage of the vulnerability of the combat system communication network, use network-to-electric composite attacks as the basic path and means, and use methods such as “destroying terminals, attacking elements, isolated groups, disconnecting networks, and breaking clouds” to break through the opponent’s combat system structure and promote The opponent’s war system “collapse”.

Focus on “system emergence and dismantle the system of evacuation of opponents”. Only when there are sudden changes and emergent effects in the intelligent warfare system can the system’s effectiveness be quickly formed and exerted, and the advantage of dissipative warfare be gained. It is not possible to form an emergence of advantages if only individual components or elements come into play. It is foreseeable that the current emerging technologies such as ChatGPT and more advanced intelligent technologies in the future will provide new ways of thinking to understand and discover the operating behaviors, states and laws of complex systems of war, as well as new means to explore objective laws and transform nature and society, the superior party in war confrontation will reduce the coupling degree of the opponent’s war system through a parallel confrontation method that combines virtuality and reality Achieving the purpose of dismantling the system of evacuation of enemy warfare.

現代國語：

王榮輝

引 言

隨著智慧化技術快速發展及在軍事上的廣泛應用，智慧化戰爭正成為資訊化戰爭後的新戰爭形態，而耗散戰則成為智慧化戰爭的典型方式。所謂耗散戰，是指智慧化戰爭體系透過對內富聚融合，對外突變湧現，達成集物質消耗、能量釋散和資訊擴散於一體的綜合戰力的作戰方式。加強耗散戰研究，有利於我們深入揭示智慧化戰爭制勝機理，贏得未來戰爭賽局主動權。

耗散戰是時代發展的必然結果

耗散戰表現在智慧化時代中物理域、資訊域和認知域的綜合對抗，體現為政治較量、經濟比拼、軍事攻防、文化衝突和外交制衡等形式的高度統一，反映了智能化戰爭體系所具有的開放性、複雜性和湧現性。

適應智慧化時代的安全情勢要求。進入智慧化時代，寬網路、大數據、大模型、雲端運算、深度學習等技術快速發展，各政治集團、國家、民族之間的聯繫更加廣泛。在政治多元、經濟交織、社會開放、技術革命等多重因素作用下，非傳統安全興起並與傳統威脅交織，智能化戰爭主體和範疇不斷拓展，戰爭時間與空間不斷外延，戰爭與和平如影相隨並交織一體，戰爭體系將進一步超越局部地域限制，從相對封閉走向更加開放，形成更高層次和更大範圍的對抗。耗散戰強調智慧化戰爭體系在物理域、資訊域和認知域的綜合發力，把政治較量、經濟比拼、軍事攻防、文化衝突和外交制衡等形式高度統一併納入敵我對抗範疇，適應了世界安全形勢發展的時代要求。

符合戰爭形態演變的客觀法則。戰爭體系的耗散現象自戰爭產生以來便始終存在，只不過在智能化戰爭形態出現之前，由於技術的製約，一直處於較為低級的、簡單的狀態，戰爭對抗僅能表現為物質消耗、能量釋散和信息擴散中的某一種形式。農業時代，戰爭形態主要表現為以物質要素為主導的、以人體為中心的冷兵器戰爭。工業化時代，戰爭形態主要表現為以能量要素為主導的、以平台為中心的熱核兵器和機械化戰爭。在資訊化時代，戰爭形態主要表現為以資訊要素為主導的、以網信體系為中心的資訊化戰爭。進入智能化時代，智能化技術將敵我對抗中的認知優勢、決策優勢和行動優勢高度統一起來，實質是將物質、能量和資訊三者高度統一，透過以智賦能、以智聚能、以智釋能，形成了以智能要素為主導的、以智能算法為中心的智能化戰爭形態，主要表現為反映智能化戰爭體系即為反映智能化複雜體系的耗散戰。

具有堅實的哲學理論基礎支撐。社會形態是戰爭形態的母體，探索和認識智能化戰爭，必須基於歷史唯物主義和辯證唯物主義的基本原理，綜合考察戰爭形態的演進和智能化戰爭所處的社會形態，構建新的戰爭概念和語境體系。從哲學角度來看，物質、能量和資訊是構成世界的三大要素，物質體現本源的存在，能量體現運動的存在，訊息則體現連結的存在，三者遞進交替主導著社會形態和戰爭形態的演進和運作。依照辯證唯物論的否定之否定原理，在資訊時代之後的智慧時代，主導社會的要素將繼物質、能量、資訊後再次輪到物質，只不過這個物質是高度資訊化後螺旋式上升後形成的新型物質，其主要特徵就是具有了智慧化技術屬性。因此，從本質上講，耗散戰是智慧要素將以前低階戰爭形態中物質、能量和資訊的特性優勢高度統一起來，將戰爭中普遍存在的物質消耗、能量釋散和資訊擴散等形式高度統一起來，反映了智能化戰爭的典型特徵。

深刻把握耗散戰的內在要義

耗散戰基於現實世界、涵蓋虛擬世界，適應了智慧化技術快速發展、非傳統安全威脅興起、戰爭主體和範疇不斷拓展的趨勢，呈現出許多新特性。

對抗綜合博弈。隨著智慧化戰爭形態加速向更高深度和廣度發展，政治、經濟、文化、外交等領域相互聯繫和影響更具廣泛性，戰爭重心開始從軍事系統向社會系統偏移，戰爭利益攸關方的對抗將體現為政治較量、經濟比拼、軍事攻防、文化衝突和外交制衡等多種形式的綜合博弈，追求的軍事優勢不再僅限於戰爭優勢。戰爭制勝方必須適應戰爭體系的開放性、複雜性和湧現性要求，從單一物質、能量和資訊的粗放式消耗和運用轉變到以智能優勢主導戰爭體系的耗散，力爭在多領域的綜合博弈中贏得主動和優勢。

主體跨域多元。智慧化戰爭的主體日益泛化，傳統戰爭需要動員的戰爭潛在力量將處於常態化對抗狀態。政治力量、各類機構和人員與傳統意義上在戰場廝殺的部隊和軍人一起構成戰爭的主體。多元化戰爭主體將跨越現實域和虛擬域，出現在陸、海、空、天、電、心理等多個空間域，涵蓋物理域、資訊域、認知域等，涵蓋政治、經濟、文化、外交等多類社會域。如社會平民可以用智慧型手機收集軍事戰場上的信息並傳遞給戰爭利益攸關方，造成對戰爭關鍵訊息的擴散，進而影響戰爭決策或一場戰役和戰鬥的勝敗。

力量一體富聚。虛實力量一體。圍繞著戰爭目的，一切可能運用的現實力量和虛擬力量將在智能化技術支撐下實現一體化，在平行戰場上按職履責、按規行動；有無力量一體。無人作戰力量將在經歷人工操作、人工授權、人為監督階段後，實現高度的自主性，並可與各類有人力量按需部署、按需組合，在共同的戰爭規則約束下有效協同、並行共生；多方力量一體。基於各領域的廣泛聯繫和戰爭體系的共同目的，黨政軍警民等各方力量將軍事行動與政治、經濟、外交、輿論、法理鬥爭密切配合、統一行動，形成綜合戰力。總之，在國家或政治集團的一體籌劃下，智慧化戰爭的多元參戰力量雖然物理分散，但能夠圍繞共同的戰爭目的，實現邏輯集中、即時富聚，優勢互補、一體聚優。

效能累積湧現。高階戰爭形態在具有新質技術特徵的同時，仍涵括低階戰爭形態的特徵優勢。耗散戰強調在多域持續進行綜合對抗，這既包括物質層面的彈藥、物資、器材甚至作戰人員的消耗，也包括能量層面的不斷匯集和釋放，更包括透過資訊層面的數據、知識、演算法等的擴散與融合，對人的思維認知、價值追求、道德觀念、情感意志、行為模式等產生不可限量的影響。在核武的常態嚇阻下，智慧化戰爭呈現出血腥味下降，但政治孤立、經濟封鎖、文化衝突、外交扼殺等將更加嚴峻激烈的局面。當軍事、政治、經濟、文化、外交等各系統角色持續發揮，效能累積達到某一程度，戰爭體係就會增加負熵，進而實現戰力突變和體系效能湧現，從而獲得戰爭優勢。

在選準作戰重心中打好耗散戰

智慧化戰爭體系透過對內富聚融合，對外突變湧現，跨域增效、以智耗散，達成體係作戰效能最大化，這是耗散戰蘊含的製勝機理。要在智慧化戰爭中贏得勝勢，必須明確耗散戰的作戰重心，針對對手體系短板弱點，找準戰爭準備的發力點。

著眼體系開放性，封閉孤立對手戰爭體系。截斷對手戰爭體系與外在戰場環境的物質、能量和資訊交流，使之缺乏物質、能量和資訊來源管道，逐漸走向孤立、封閉和虛弱狀態。如在戰略層面，採取政治孤立的方式，使對手戰爭體系處於孤立狀態，造成體系熵增。在戰役層面，可利用切斷資料來源、毀滅資料備份、資料作假、竄改資訊等方法，綜合採用軟硬手段，迫其戰爭體係向封閉狀態轉化，進而降低對方體系效能。

著眼體系複雜性，分域破擊對手戰爭體系。智慧化戰爭體係要素間連結越多、連結程度越緊密，體系結構可靠性就越低。運用複雜系統中各分層相對獨立的原理，可製訂戰略全局、戰役局部和戰術行動策略，實現對敵戰爭體系的分層分域破擊。如在戰略層面，採用經濟封鎖的方式，大大削弱對手的戰爭實力和發展潛力。在戰役層面，利用作戰系統通訊網路的脆弱性，以網電複合攻擊為基本路徑與手段，採用「毀端、擊元、孤群、斷網、破雲」等方式，破擊對方作戰系統結構，促使對方戰爭體系「坍塌」。

著眼體系湧現性，拆解疏散對手戰爭體系。智慧化戰爭體系只有出現突變和湧現效應，才能快速形成發揮體系效能，獲得耗散戰優勢。如果只是單一組分或要素發揮作用，不可能形成優勢湧現。可以預見，當前興起的ChatGPT等技術以及未來更高級的智能化技術，將提供理解和發現戰爭複雜體系運行行為、狀態和規律的全新思維方式，以及探知客觀規律、改造自然和社會的新手段，戰爭對抗優勢方將透過虛實結合、平行一體的對抗方式，降低對手戰爭體系的耦合度，達成拆解敵方戰爭體系的目的。

中國原創軍事資源：

#中國軍事耗散戰, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭

Chinese Military Dissipative Warfare : Analysis of New Changes in Intelligent Warfare Winning Methods

Leave a comment

中國軍事耗散戰：智慧化戰爭制勝手段新變遷分析

現代英語：

●From war of attrition to war of dissipation——

An analysis of new changes in the way of winning intelligent warfare

President Xi pointed out that the core of studying combat issues is to clarify the characteristics, laws and winning mechanisms of modern warfare. From the collision of a bronze sword to the roar of a tank’s engine to the saturation attack of no one “the swarm”, every leap in the shape of war profoundly changes the way it is won. In the long era of cold, hot and mechanized warfare, attrition warfare depletes the opponent’s will to resist by offsetting the hedging of the country’s wealth and resources. However, the new military revolution, spearheaded by the information technology revolution and accelerating towards the intelligent era, is pushing the method of winning war to a whole new dimension —— dissipative warfare, that is, the traditional method of focusing on material and energy consumption is transformed into a comprehensive war method that integrates material versus consumption, energy hedging and information confrontation.

War of attrition is the iron law of traditional forms of warfare

In the industrial age and the long years before it, warfare was based mainly on the confrontation of material and energy elements, and the balance of victory and defeat tended to tilt towards the side that could withstand greater material and energy depletion.

War of attrition is the main winning method for traditional forms of warfare. In cold weapons warfare, the focus of confrontation lies in the number of soldiers, physical endurance, and the competition between metal weapons and grain reserves. The outcome of the war often depends on whose number and scale of soldiers are large and whose logistics chain is stronger. For example, “The essence of siege warfare that was relatively common in ancient times was a war of attrition between the defenders’ material reserves and the siege’s troops and equipment; in a war of hot weapons, the use of gunpowder did not weaken the war consumption, but pushed it to a new height”. The intensive charging of line infantry in the Napoleonic Wars, the brutal strangulation in the trench confrontations at Verdun and the Battle of the Somme in the First World War all reflect the nature of war of attrition “exchanging steel and flesh for space”; mechanized warfare, tanks, aircraft, aircraft carriers and other platforms have appeared, pushing the scale of material and energy consumption to its peak. In World War II, the Battle of the Kursk Tanks on the Soviet-German battlefield and the brutal Battle of Iwo Jima on the Pacific battlefield were the ultimate collision between the country’s industrial capacity and the army’s ability to bear casualties.

The essence of the war of attrition is based on the competition between material and energy elements. The war of attrition competes with volume and stock, which are static or slowly accumulating factors such as population base, resource reserves, industrial production capacity, and force size. The main goal is to destroy the enemy’s effective forces, war materials, and deprive it of its territory and resources. In essence, it is a competition between material and energy elements of both sides. Clausewitz’s “war is a violent act that forces the enemy to obey our will” assertion, the underlying logic is precisely the consumption of violence. The winning mechanism of the war of attrition is: victory belongs to the party that can convert material resources into battlefield lethality more sustainably and can withstand greater losses.

The war of attrition has revealed significant historical limitations in practice. From the long-standing practice of traditional warfare, the fundamental limitations of attrition warfare are reflected in the huge loss of life and material wealth, the unbearable high cost to society, and the large amounts of energy and resources being wasted on non-critical targets or blind shelling, large-scale but inefficient charges and other ineffective confrontations. When the opposing sides are close in strength and determined, the winner is indistinguishable, seesawing repeatedly, and can easily fall into a quagmire of long-term attrition like the battlefields of the Western Front in World War I. In the face of an increasingly networked and information-based modern combat system, relying on a consumption pattern of large-scale fire coverage, it is difficult to accurately attack the opponent’s key nodes and functional connections, achieving twice the result with half the effort.

The information technology revolution gave rise to the prototype of dissipative warfare

The information technology revolution in the second half of the 20th century injected subversive variables into the form of war. Information began to transcend matter and energy and became the core winning factor. The form of information-based war entered the stage of history.

The centre of gravity of the information war shifted. The Gulf War is regarded as a milestone in information warfare, and the Multinational Force has achieved battlefield “one-way transparency” with the help of reconnaissance aircraft, early warning aircraft, electronic warfare systems, precision-guided weapons and C4ISR systems to form an overwhelming information advantage. Instead of completely annihilating the opponent’s massive ground forces, the focus of this war shifted to the systematic destruction of its command and control systems, air defense systems, communication hubs, and logistics supply lines, resulting in the rapid disintegration of the opponent’s overall combat capabilities and a state of disorganization and command failure. This marked the beginning of the shift in the center of gravity of the war from “hard destruction” in the physical domain, to “system breaking” and functional paralysis in the information domain.

Changes in how information warfare is won. Information warfare changes the ways and objectives of the use of matter and energy through information superiority. The way to win is no longer to simply pursue “consume” the opponent’s materials and energy, but to guide the material flow and energy flow through efficient information flow, accurately acting on the “key chain” of the enemy’s combat system, and with minimal material and energy investment, Achieve the greatest degree of chaos and disorder, functional disintegration and overall effectiveness collapse of the enemy system. Thus, it can be seen that information warfare begins to pursue the “entropy increase” of the enemy’s combat system, that is, the increase of chaos, which moves it from order to disorder, indicating that dissipative warfare reflecting the confrontation of complex systems of intelligent warfare has begun to take shape.

Dissipation warfare is a typical way of intelligent warfare

With the rapid development of intelligent technology and its widespread military application, intelligent warfare is becoming a new form of warfare after information warfare, while dissipative warfare has become a typical way of intelligent warfare.

Dissipation warfare has adapted to the requirements of the times of the world security situation. Entering the era of intelligence, intelligent technologies and their applications such as wide networks, big data, cloud computing, brain-computer connections, smart chips, and deep learning are developing rapidly, and the connections between countries and ethnic groups are becoming more extensive. Non-traditional security threats are emerging and Intertwined with traditional security threats, the main body and scope of intelligent warfare continue to expand, war time and space continue to extend, and the war system moves from relatively closed to more open Forming higher-level and larger-scale confrontations, dissipative warfare, the winning method of warfare in the intelligent era, has become increasingly prominent.

Dissipation warfare reflects the historical development of the way in which war was won. Dissipative warfare actually always exists, but before the emergence of intelligent warfare forms, due to technological constraints, it was always in a relatively low-level form and simple state. War confrontation can only be highlighted as a confrontation between certain elements of matter, energy and information. Cold weapon warfare is mainly manifested as human body-centered confrontation led by material elements, hot weapon and mechanized warfare is mainly manifested as platform-centered confrontation led by energy elements, and information warfare is mainly manifested as information element-led confrontation. Network information system-centered confrontation. Entering the intelligent era, intelligent technology highly unifies the cognitive advantages, decision-making advantages and action advantages in the confrontation between ourselves and the enemy. In essence, it highly unifies matter, energy and information. Through intelligent empowerment, intelligent energy gathering, Intelligent energy is driven by intelligence and released by intelligence, forming an intelligent war form dominated by intelligent elements and centered on intelligent algorithms Its typical method is dissipative warfare that reflects the confrontation of complex systems of intelligent warfare.

Dissipative warfare exemplifies the resilience competition of the complex systems of warfare. From the perspective of the “winning mechanism”, in order to obtain a confrontation advantage, we must use “negative entropy perfusion, threshold determination, phase change triggering, victory control” as the basic principle to build our own fast “perception, decision-making, action, evaluation” dissipative warfare closed loop, in the dynamic hybrid game Continuously increase the enemy’s entropy value, causing the enemy to lose its overall combat capability. From the perspective of “winning path”, dissipation warfare emphasizes the comprehensive use of material consumption, energy hedging, information confrontation and other forms, internally “sequence”, to achieve logical concentration, instant enrichment, complementary advantages, integration and excellence, and form comprehensive combat capabilities; externally “To entropy”, it continues to play a role through military, political, economic, scientific and technological, cultural, diplomatic and other component systems, until the accumulation of efficiency reaches a certain level “up and down” Achieve sudden change in combat power and emergence of system effectiveness. From the perspective of basic characteristics, dissipative warfare manifests itself as a comprehensive game of confrontation, diverse subjects across domains, complex and diverse forms, rich integration of forces, and cumulative emergence of performance. The core of confrontation jumps from the destruction of the physical domain and the control of the information domain to the control of intelligence. A game of destruction and maintenance of the inherent “orderliness” of a complex system of warfare.

Dissipation warfare encompasses many forms of intelligent warfare. In addition to the war and confrontation between the two sides in traditional land, sea, air, space, Internet, electricity and other spaces, dissipative warfare also includes the political isolation and siege adopted by one country or multiple countries against combat opponents in various social areas, economic, trade and financial blockade, technology industry chain interruption, cultural strategy export, authoritative media building momentum to seize discourse initiative, creating hot events to guide public awareness, AI helps social media weave information cocoons and use agents to open multilateral battlefields and other forms of struggle. The diverse presentation forms of dissipative warfare make it possible to conduct it in wartime and peacetime. What “Sun Tzu’s Art of War” talks about “the victorious soldier wins first and then seeks war” has been given a new meaning in war preparation in the intelligent era.

The change in winning methods from attrition to dissipation

Dissipative warfare is manifested in the comprehensive confrontation of multiple domains such as physical domain and information domain in the intelligent era. It reflects the high degree of unity in the form of political competition, economic competition, military attack and defense, cultural conflict and diplomatic checks and balances, and reflects the characteristics of intelligent warfare systems. Openness, complexity and emergence.

The evolution from war of attrition to war of dissipation is an all-round and deep-seated transformation. The basis for winning has shifted from relying on the competition of resource stocks such as population, mineral deposits, and industrial base to relying on information advantages, intelligent algorithm advantages, network structure advantages, and the ability to dynamically regulate energy flow and information flow; the target of action has shifted from focusing on destroying soldiers, tanks, Factories and other material entities have shifted to focus on the “function” and “orderliness” of disintegrating the war system; the pursuit of effectiveness has shifted from the absolute destruction and annihilation of living forces Shift to the pursuit of high-efficiency “asymmetric paralysis”, that is, to trigger the greatest chaos and incapacitation of the enemy’s combat system at one’s own minimum cost, and pursue “paralysis” rather than “messing”; the focus of the war has shifted from the main focus on land, sea, The confrontation in physical domains such as the sky has shifted to a comprehensive game in multiple domains such as the physical domain and the information domain. Confrontations of physical domains, though still present, are often dictated by the advantages of higher-dimensional domains.

The evolution from attrition to dissipation warfare reflects the changing advantage of winning. In the era of intelligent warfare, victory will no longer simply belong to the party with the largest torrent of steel, but will inevitably belong to the party that can “order” and “entropy” more efficiently ——that is, it can maintain the highly orderly and efficient operation of its own war system, while accurately and intelligently disintegrating the orderliness of the enemy’s system The party that forces it into irreversibility “entropy increase” and chaos. To win the advantage of winning a war, we must adapt to the openness, complexity and emergence requirements of an intelligent war system, transform from the extensive consumption and use of a single substance, energy and information to the dissipation of a war system dominated by intelligent advantages, and strive to win the initiative and advantage in a comprehensive game in multiple fields.

The evolution from a war of attrition to a war of dissipation is an inevitable trend under the influence of the torrent of the technological revolution. Science and technology are the core combat force and the most active and revolutionary factor in military development. At present, intelligent technology is developing rapidly. Only by actively embracing the wave of intelligence and firmly grasping the key to victory in the precise knowledge, intelligent regulation and efficient dissipation of the orderliness of complex war systems can we achieve the future world game. We are invincible in the ever-changing situation and profound changes in the way of war.

現代國語：

●從消耗戰到耗散戰——

試析智慧化戰爭制勝方式新變革

■王榮輝

閱讀提示

習主席指出，研究作戰問題，核心是要把現代戰爭的特徵法則和致勝機理搞清楚。從青銅劍的碰撞到戰車引擎的轟鳴再到無人「蜂群」的飽和攻擊，戰爭形態的每一次躍遷都深刻改變著戰爭制勝方式。在漫長的冷兵器、熱兵器和機械化戰爭時代，消耗戰以國家財富資源的對沖抵消來耗盡對手的抵抗意志。然而，以資訊科技革命為先導，並加速向智慧化時代邁進的新軍事革命，正將戰爭制勝方式推向全新的維度——耗散戰，即將傳統的以物質、能量消耗為主，轉變為集物質對耗、能量對沖和信息對抗綜合一體的戰爭方式。

消耗戰是傳統戰爭型態的鐵律

在工業時代及其之前的漫長歲月裡，戰爭主要是基於物質與能量要素的對抗，勝負的天平往往向能夠承受更大物質與能量損耗的一方傾斜。

消耗戰是傳統戰爭形態的主要勝利方式。冷兵器戰爭，對抗重心在於兵員數量、體能耐力、金屬兵器與糧秣儲備的比拼，戰爭勝負往往取決於誰的兵員數量規模大，誰的後勤鏈條更牢固。如古代比較多見的圍城戰本質就是守城方物資儲備與攻城方兵力器械的消耗戰；熱兵器戰爭，火藥的運用並未削弱戰爭消耗，反而將其推至新高度。拿破崙戰爭線列步兵的密集衝鋒，第一次世界大戰的凡爾登、索姆河戰役戰壕對峙的殘酷絞殺，無不體現著「以鋼鐵和血肉換取空間」的消耗戰本質；機械化戰爭，坦克、飛機、航母等平台的登場，將物質與能量的消耗規模推向巔峰。第二次世界大戰中，蘇德戰場的庫爾斯克坦克大會戰、太平洋戰場慘烈的硫磺島爭奪戰，都是國家工業產能與軍隊承受傷亡能力的終極對撞。

消耗戰實質是基於物質與能量要素的比拼。消耗戰比拼的是體量和存量，是人口基數、資源儲備、工業產能、兵力規模等靜態或可緩慢累積的要素，主要目標是摧毀敵方有生力量、戰爭物資、剝奪其領土和資源，實質上是對抗雙方物質與能量要素的比拼。克勞塞維茨「戰爭是一種迫使敵人服從我們意志的一種暴力行為」的論斷，底層邏輯正是暴力消耗。消耗戰的致勝機制是：勝利屬於能更持久地將物質資源轉化為戰場殺傷力，並能承受更大損失的一方。

消耗戰在實踐中暴露出重大歷史限制。從傳統戰爭的長期實踐來看，消耗戰的根本限制體現為巨大的生命、物質財富損失，社會難以承受的高昂成本，以及大量能量與資源被浪費在非關鍵目標或盲目砲擊、大規模但低效的衝鋒等無效對抗上。當對抗雙方實力接近且意志堅定時，勝負難分，反覆拉鋸，極易陷入如第一次世界大戰西線戰場般的長期消耗泥潭。面對日益網路化、資訊化的現代作戰體系，依賴大規模火力覆蓋的消耗模式，難以精準打擊對手關鍵節點與功能連接，效果事倍功半。

資訊科技革命催生耗散戰雛形

20世紀下半葉的資訊科技革命，為戰爭形態注入了顛覆性變量，訊息開始超越物質與能量，成為核心製勝要素，資訊化戰爭形態登上歷史舞台。

資訊化戰爭的重心發生轉移。海灣戰爭被視為資訊化戰爭的里程碑，多國部隊憑藉偵察機、預警機、電子戰系統、精確制導武器和C4ISR系統，形成壓倒性資訊優勢，實現了戰場「單向透明」。這場戰爭的重點不再是徹底殲滅對手龐大的地面部隊，而是轉向系統性地摧毀其指揮控制系統、防空體系、通訊樞紐和後勤補給線，導致對手整體作戰能力迅速瓦解，陷入各自為戰、指揮失靈的混亂狀態。這標誌著戰爭重心開始從物理域的“硬摧毀”，向資訊域的“系統破擊”和功能癱瘓轉移。

資訊化戰爭的勝利方式改變。資訊化戰爭透過資訊優勢改變物質、能量運用的方式與目標。制勝方式不再是單純追求“消耗”對手的物質與能量，而是透過高效的信息流引導物質流與能量流，精確作用於敵作戰體系的“關鍵鏈”，以最小的物質與能量投入，達成敵方體系最大程度的混亂失序、功能瓦解和整體效能塌縮。由此可見，資訊化戰爭開始追求敵方作戰體系的「熵增」即混亂度增加，使其從有序走向無序，顯示反映智慧化戰爭複雜體系對抗的耗散戰已經初露端倪。

耗散戰是智慧化戰爭的典型方式

隨著智慧化技術快速發展及其在軍事上的廣泛應用，智慧化戰爭正成為資訊化戰爭後的新戰爭形態，而耗散戰則成為智慧化戰爭的典型方式。

耗散戰適應了世界安全情勢的時代要求。進入智慧化時代，寬網路、大數據、雲端運算、腦機連接、智慧晶片、深度學習等智慧科技及其應用快速發展，各國家、民族之間的連結更為廣泛，非傳統安全威脅興起並與傳統安全威脅交織，智慧化戰爭主體和範疇不斷拓展，戰爭時間與空間不斷外延，戰爭體系從相對封閉層次走向更大空間

耗散戰反映了戰爭制勝方式的歷史發展。耗散戰其實始終存在，只不過在智慧化戰爭形態出現之前，由於技術的製約，一直處於較為低級的形式和簡單狀態，戰爭對抗只能突出體現為物質、能量和資訊某一種要素間的對抗。冷兵器戰爭主要表現為以物質要素為主導的以人體為中心的對抗，熱兵器和機械化戰爭主要表現為以能量要素為主導的以平台為中心的對抗，資訊化戰爭主要表現為以資訊要素為主導的以網路資訊體系為中心的對抗。進入智慧時代，智慧化科技將敵我對抗中的認知優勢、決策優勢和行動優勢高度統一起來，實質是將物質、能量和資訊三者高度統一，透過以智賦能、以智聚能、以智驅能、以智釋能，形成了以智能要素為主導的、以智能要素為中心的智能化戰爭形態，其典型方式為反映智能化戰爭體系即為反映智能化戰爭體系的複雜方式。

耗散戰體現了戰爭複雜體系的韌性比拼。從制勝機理來看，要取得對抗優勢，必須以「負熵灌注、閾值認定、相變觸發、勝勢控制」為基本原理，建構自身快速「感知、決策、行動、評估」耗散戰閉環，在動態混合賽局中持續增加敵方熵值，致敵喪失整體作戰能力。從制勝路徑看，耗散戰強調綜合運用物質對耗、能量對沖、信息對抗等形式，對內“制序”，達成邏輯集中、即時富聚，優勢互補、一體聚優，形成綜合戰力；對外“致熵”，透過軍事、政治、經濟、科技、文化、外交等組分系統發揮作用，至效能累積達到某程度突變體現在達到某程度一體不正常」。從基本特徵來看，耗散戰表現為對抗綜合博弈、主體跨域多元、形式複雜多樣、力量一體富聚、效能累積湧現，對抗的核心從物理域的摧毀、資訊域的掌控，躍升為對智能化戰爭複雜體系內在「有序性」的破壞與維持的博弈。

耗散戰涵蓋了智慧化戰爭的多種形式。除了戰爭對抗雙方在傳統的陸、海、空、天、網、電等空間的消耗對抗，耗散戰更包括了一國或者多國對作戰對手在多類社會域所採取的政治孤立圍困、經貿金融封鎖、科技產業鎖鏈、文化戰略輸出、權威媒體造勢搶繭主動、製造熱點事件導控大眾認知、科技產業助力、社交戰略輸出、權威媒體造勢搶地論者主動、製造熱點等運動導控大眾認知、AI企業、文化戰略輸出、權威媒體造勢搶地論者主動、製造熱點等運動導控大眾認知、AI企業、文化戰略輸出、權威媒體造勢搶地論者主動、製造熱點等方體控制大眾認知、AI企業、社會化資訊。耗散戰的多樣化呈現形式使其在戰時和平時均可進行，《孫子兵法》講的“勝兵先勝而後求戰”，在智能化時代的戰爭準備中被賦予新的涵義。

從消耗戰到耗散戰的致勝方式變化

耗散戰表現在智慧時代中物理域、資訊域等多域的綜合對抗，體現出政治較量、經濟比拼、軍事攻防、文化衝突和外交制衡等形式的高度統一，反映了智慧化戰爭體系所具有的開放性、複雜性和湧現性。

從消耗戰到耗散戰的演進是全方位深層的變革。制勝基礎從依賴人口、礦藏、工業基礎等資源存量的比拼，轉向依賴資訊優勢、智慧演算法優勢、網路結構優勢以及對能量流、資訊流的動態調控能力；作用對象從聚焦摧毀士兵、戰車、工廠等物質實體，轉向聚焦瓦解戰爭體系的「功能」與「有序性」；效能追求從對有生力量的絕對摧毀與殲滅，轉向追求高效的“非對稱癱瘓”，即以己方最小代價，引發敵方作戰體系的最大混亂與失能，追求“打癱”而非“打爛”；戰爭重心從主要在陸地、海洋、天空等物理域的對抗，轉向物理域、信息域等多域的綜合博弈。物理域的對抗雖然依舊存在，但往往由更高維域的優勢決定。

從消耗戰到耗散戰的演進反映了致勝優勢的變化。智慧化戰爭時代，勝利將不再簡單歸屬於擁有最龐大鋼鐵洪流的一方，而必然歸屬於能更有效率地「制序」與「致熵」的一方──即能夠維繫己方戰爭體系高度有序、高效運轉，同時精準智能地瓦解敵方體係有序性，迫使其陷入不可逆「熵增」且混亂的一方。要贏得戰爭制勝優勢，必須適應智慧化戰爭體系的開放性、複雜性和湧現性要求，從單一物質、能量和資訊的粗放式消耗和運用轉變到以智慧優勢主導戰爭體系的耗散，力爭在多領域的綜合博弈中贏得主動和優勢。

從消耗戰向耗散戰的演進是科技革命洪流裹挾下的必然趨勢。科技是核心戰鬥力，是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。目前，智慧化科技快速發展，只有主動擁抱智慧化浪潮，將制勝之鑰牢牢掌握在對戰爭複雜體係有序性的精確認知、智慧調控與高效耗散之中，才能在未來世界博弈的風雲變幻與戰爭方式的深刻變革中立於不敗之地。

来源：解放军报 作者：王荣辉 责任编辑：王韵 2025-09-10 06:30

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/16408721.html