China NPC Emphasis on Solving National Security System Issues//中國家安全體系「全國人大會議公布了《十三五規劃綱要(草案)》

中國家安全體系「全國人大會議公布了《十三五規劃綱要(草案)》

March 5, 2016 during the Chinese NPC and CPPCC, National People’s Congress announced the “Thirteen Five-Year Plan (draft)”, under the title “establishment of a national security system,” complete the chapter, first expounded on China’s implementation of “the country’s overall security View of concrete ideas “in. Prior to that, although related concepts to promote its fast, but in addition to the super-agency “National Security Council” has been officially running, as well as a small amount of the agency personnel arrangements, almost no more news.

The first place to prevent hostile forces subversive

From an international perspective, “Comprehensive security concept” for a class is not the first thought. After all, since the end of the Cold War, the security environment upheaval, insecurity diversification, already is a common phenomenon faced by countries. But domestic letters of “overall national security” still kill any world trend, because this piece can be described as all-encompassing grand – covering “political, land, military, economic, cultural, social, science and technology, information, ecology, resources …… and nuclear safety. ”

Although the “official stereotyped” perfect frame Description: “people-safe for the purpose, as the fundamental political security, economic security, based on the Social Security for the protection of military culture in order to promote international security as the basis”, but this piece is clearly ambitious where to start challenge.

When “KNB” first appeared in late 2013 eighteen Third Plenary Session of the resolution, only to see hastily put some “innovative social governance” at the end. Until five months later, the agency announced that it has officially running, trying to explain its official mouthpiece of great significance, it is still mainly externally or internally, vary.

During the two sessions, elaborate “Thirteen five Outline” published by the NPC session, so this kind of ambiguity resolved.

Although the outline, “national sovereignty security regime” concept beautifully, has made the world’s political circles unheard of, but more surprising is that in the fight against the three forces’ violent terror, ethnic separatism, religious extremism “previous activity, will also impressively “hostile forces infiltrate subversive activity” in the first place.

Obviously, to prevent subversion of urgency regime was as if beyond the anti-terrorism, anti-spyware and other traditional threats to national security.

Traditionally, law enforcement departments, the Ministry of Public Security and the famous “national security” system, and its huge cost “stability maintenance” system billions compared to only as a spy / Ministry of National Security Abwehr, more in line with narrowly “national security” concept. The system has also been set up at all levels of “national security leadership team,” leading narrow “national security” and its work force.

Jiang Zemin period, Beijing began to envy the role of the US National Security Council (NSC) at the highest decision-making. As president advisory body, NSC members including President, Vice President, Secretary of State, Minister of Finance, Minister of Defence and National Security Affairs Assistant to the President, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of highest operational commander and director of national intelligence, were appointed to act as the statutory military advisers and intelligence advisers, other government departments and competent officials, invited participants only when needed.

“The Central Leading Group for National Security,” in the year 2000, although the head of the pro-Jiang, but deputy head in charge of foreign affairs for the Central Committee, the Central Foreign Affairs Office director concurrently by the Office, in particular from the group and “Foreign Affairs Leading Group “under one roof, the main coordinating its national security and external affairs. Although not as good as NSC high level, because China and the US but the basic political structure fundamentally different, are also considered to meet the conditions of moderate learning.

Jiang later period, the Chinese domestic policy increasingly independent, and the West in the system of values ​​and rules of becoming the opposition, senior party growing emphasis on co-ordination “International and Domestic Situation.” After learning more individuals came to power centralization, theoretical innovation and the urgent need to safeguard stability of the regime. Thus, despite the increased legitimacy, the study of “KNB” is still brewing since Jiang Zemin claimed, but the design of the system may differ.

Thus, the Chinese Communist Party and the previous system separately, in order to avoid the party on behalf of the administration and other rare progress, is now being accused of “fragmentation, excessive power scattered.” By adding a permanent body, will the party, government, military, law, economics, culture and even social life, and where the “national security” detached power clean sweep, then became “the country to explore a new way of governance.”

Now, in “Baidu Encyclopedia” in terms of self-built, actually it was assumed added, “National Security Council People’s Republic of China” entry, content only involved “state security committee.”

Beijing whether through a constitutional amendment to set up a shadow-style “national KNB” hard to say. However, by the time the CPC Central Committee, the National Security Committee to get the full decision-making power for national security affairs, responsible only to the Politburo and its Standing Committee. As heads of the supreme legislative body of the People’s Congress, only its Vice-President, the National Security Committee of the degree of centralization, even beyond the Central Military Commission.In contrast, the United States NSC decisions, but also to exercise its statutory powers to rely on the President and subject to legislative, judicial checks and balances.

Further overhead Politburo and State Council

The current maximum suspense, or “KNB” materialized, decision-making and institutional settings large to what extent.

An analogy example, although in the network area, the original Central Propaganda Department, Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of State Security, the Ministry of Industry, the Central Foreign Affairs Office / State Council Information Office, Press and Publication Administration and other agencies bull management, but also from 18 Third Plenary session of the decision, the CPC network security and information technology leadership team established in 2014 (referred to as the “net channel group”) / national Internet information office of People’s Republic of China ( “the State Council informatization office”), and set up a separate large business functions, took a lot of network management and monitoring powers.

At the top of its home page, the two names are alternately displayed, complete with party and government bodies.

Rationale for establishing this institution, because the State Department is also the system’s “National Informatization Leading Group” and their offices, “the State Council Information Office” (also referred to as the “State Council Informatization Office”) is difficult to coordinate the CPC Central Committee, the Central Military Commission, the NPC, etc. authority. However, the greater the motivation or senior party controls the Internet public exigencies, and the use of information warfare means to challenge the United States needs. To promote the domestic information technology process, the agency more than the promotion of hand shackles.

Regression KNB, although it has been interpreted as “national security and crisis handling the national level a permanent establishment,” but until March 2016, in the list of institutions directly under the CPC Central Committee and the Communist Party of China Xinhua News Network, the former are still ” central leading group for national security, “and not see” KNB. ”

Although “KNB” was praised as “reduce rules, enhance decision-making efficiency,” but in what things must be raised to this level resolved, which can be left in the original POLITICAL, military and diplomatic level processing is difficult to untangle.

It is with the Central Political and Law Commission as “directly under the central authorities,” the division of labor? It as “directly under the central coordinating body of procedure” in policing governance, anti-anti-cult operations, stability, maritime rights and interests, possession of Xinjiang, financial security, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, net letter, confidentiality, the working group password (Note: the full name of each team name how to end the relationship) is? In the end how it Ministry of National Security and other government departments, as well as relations with the National Commission on cross-border and coastal defense ministries overseas Chinese citizens and institutions security work inter-ministerial joint conference and many other bureaucracies? I’m afraid that deep-rooted concerns about its effect, less effective, was not excessive.

From The National People’s Congress issued the “Outline”, the more difficult to find: as the basic starting point for the study of governance, the starting point and one of the ultimate value, political, land, economy, society, resources and networks, and other key areas are security policy and called for long-term goals, important areas, major reforms, major projects, programs and policies, require safety risk assessment.

This means that, even if only partially materialized, due to the requirement that all focus areas, all national security coordination mechanism established to maintain, “KNB” already with “deep change Team” (Note: Comprehensively Deepening the Reform Leading Group) as tantamount to a indeed affect the whole body, brought together a large number of power “small government.”

In addition to further overhead Politburo and State Council, set in one of the highest authority, through several sets of much needless repetition mechanism, calling the shots. However executor, it is still the same set of ministries and local, its efficiency, and can really ensure the complex demands of national security in a reasonable portion, not optimistic.

March 5, 2016, Beijing, China, in front of the Great Hall of People’s Liberation Army soldiers walked.Photo: Damir Sagolj / REUTERS

Endanger the interests of the former National Security Systems division, to stimulate the “spy” Country

It can be expected that with the proposed “Thirteen five Outline” “overall national security”, and in the rise of influence “KNB”, the original continent “national security”, “national security” systems are at risk.

“National security” has recently been rumored to be canceled. It is believed that its intelligence gathering in the field of domestic politics to defend the building (social monitoring) hidden forces, investigation of cases against dissent, control ethnic / religious positions against cults and other functions, will disperse to more legalization of criminal investigation and law and order department. Entered into force in 1993, “National Security Law” in 2014 was much more narrowly “anti-spyware law” instead.

And “Thirteen five Outline”, requires the integration of monitoring and early warning systems in different areas, intelligence gathering and analysis capabilities. From the work of national intelligence to see the movements of specific legislation, “national security” system will inevitably lose power “national security” monopoly.

This stimulus, 2014, 2015, Ministry of State Security systems, proactive disclosure reports uncovered espionage significantly increased, but in the end these cases leaked it?

March 2015, published by the National Security Henan province since the first espionage case, a taxi driver observed the airborne unit of foreign institutional Airport, the surrounding circumstances and models; July Sichuan national security nearly a decade for the first time publicly disclosed the spy case, a military unit 4 leakers, provided some military types, quantity, special materials, setting the test time and fault conditions, some provide aerospace internal publications; November, Jilin Baishan Jun captured the partitions a foreign spy shooting and hand-painted Chinese border troops distribution.

These cases certainly have leaked military secrets, but the scope and extent been greatly exaggerated. In recent years, Beijing strengthened its online publication and transmission of state secrets supervision, the biggest problem is still the “secret infinity.” Although Beijing has in recent years to speed up the clear “given secret” work “secret” and “non-secret” boundaries, but because the concept of paranoia, coupled with bureaucratic agencies should rely on “secret” to eat, they do not want to bear responsibility for the secret too wide, Fuzzy boundaries situation no better.

In fact, some experts mainland when rendering espionage threat, has admitted “we take the initiative to trafficking intelligence” indicating that “China also collect / buy foreign intelligence”; an expert in the Ministry of State Security emphasis on “cyber espionage nearly the year more and more active, “to actually” see them from the Internet’s remarks can be found in a number of valuable intelligence “as an example, but the latter is completely unlawful.

Henan above case, there is the Baidu from China “high One” satellite photographs taken by the airport, accurate to 20 meters, “Baidu Panorama” provides a neighboring street to the nearest airport each shop, military fans in China understanding Air transporter models thousands; Sichuan cases, internal publications fuzzy nature, contained a lot of technical discussion with the same military production. And unavoidably, everything is secret practice is nothing more than a cover closed, inefficient, and defects behind Beijing’s military, these are not exposed and supervision, the harm is far more than this information about the outside world.

At the same time, the Confidentiality Commission / Secrets systems have long been cured departmental interests, such as to secrecy, mandatory use map products “Nonlinear confidential treatment technology”, is formed on the map with the location of the actual existence of 100 to 600 meters random deviations. Such an approach, in addition to the official mapping agencies to create huge gains, related to the national industries and national tremendous trouble, there are no secret role – because the location does not become a military objective entity, foreign intelligence agencies and the military does not rely on Chinese map, which judged and attacks unaffected.

Of course, this by no means departmental interests to “spy” Country situation all causes.Overall, Beijing also needed on the mainland society, frequently rendering national security is facing a critical situation, hidden front struggle intense, so trees enemy awareness, inspire patriotic enthusiasm and even xenophobic, secretly strengthen social control.

Moreover, since the Beijing powers and budget oversight from society, the party and the national government itself parents, as long as the name of security, from the whole to the details, any information can be disclosed only to those who choose favorable, remaining airtight, so that with “espionage “Ruling tool if fabulous.

At the same time, Beijing legislative activity in recent years, national security and social stability and other interests in the name of full citizens with increased surveillance, public security mandatory intervention of civil liberties and privileges of the investigation.

November 2015, the National Security Office Jilin even announced espionage and accepted nationwide hotline to report clues, for reasons that remain unknown. The department asked citizens to report suspicious persons “spy, traitor, instigation personnel, intelligence agents, the external agents”, etc., but this is only a political rather than a legal concept concepts also include standard suspicious signs purely surface, many of which are only legal status or the performance of speech, may be entirely unrelated espionage, where “sensitive issues” and “reactionary remarks” but not operational on legal concepts.

Obviously, not called for such a system to report the current espionage, but a wide range of East German-style citizen informers and mutual monitoring, did not say infringe on civil liberties, even in the “dictatorship” discourse system, misunderstanding, framed and frame risks are high.

Criminal Law Amendment (IX), adopted in August 2015, the night the new information network security management refused to fulfill the obligations crime, the crime of illegal use of the information network, information network to help crime and criminal activities, to disrupt the order of state organs crime, the crime of illegal financing of the organization gathering fabricated deliberately spreading false information crime, the crime should be no public disclosure of information on cases of crime reporting and disclosure of information should not be disclosed in the cases, the other 20 counts, terrifying.

The case of Gao Yu, and bookstores case Causeway Bay, but are just beginning.

All this shows that in China, “national security” concept epitaxial greatly expanded, not only to adapt to contemporary national security multifactor interwoven trend, and it is a power struggle and the rule of magic weapon too superficial. In essence, it is the Beijing regime concentrated outpouring of anxiety. The “Thirteen Five Outline” in “protect country” a new action also marks the communist countries in times of crisis, to strengthen the “police state” color of nature, is rapidly recovering.

Note: Team organization full name:

The Central Committee for Comprehensive Management of Social Security, the Central Cult Prevention and Handling of the Leading Group, the Central Leading Group for the maintenance of stability, the central leading group for marine rights and interests, the Central Tibetan Coordination Leading Group, the Central Coordination Group Xinjiang, the Central Steering Committee on Financial Security, the CPC central / State Department double identity Taiwan Affairs leading group, Hong Kong and Macao work coordination group, a centralized network security and information technology leading group, the central Committee and the central password confidentiality work leading group.

Original Mandarin Chinese:

3月5日,中國2016年兩會期間,全國人大會議公佈了《十三五規劃綱要(草案)》,以題為「建立國家安全體系」的完整一章,首次闡述了中國貫徹「總體國家安全觀」的具體設想。此前,儘管相關概念的宣傳風生水起,但除了超級機構「國家安全委員會」已正式運轉,以及該機構少量人事安排外,幾乎沒有更多消息。
將防止敵對勢力顛覆破壞放在首位
從國際範圍看,「綜合安全觀」一類思想並非首創。畢竟從冷戰結束起,安全環境劇變、不安全因素多樣化,就已是各國面臨的普遍現象。可是國內大書特書的「總體國家安全觀」,仍秒殺任何世界潮流,因為這幅宏圖可謂包羅萬象——覆蓋了「政治、國土、軍事、經濟、文化、社會、科技、信息、生態、資源和核安全……」。
儘管「官方八股」框架描述完美:「以人民安全為宗旨,政治安全為根本,經濟安全為基礎,軍事文化社會安全為保障,以促進國際安全為依託」,但是這幅宏圖從何下手顯然有挑戰。
「國安委」2013年底首次出現在十八屆三中全會決議中時,就僅見匆匆置於「創新社會治理」一段末尾。直到5個月後,該機構宣布已正式運轉,努力闡釋其偉大意義的官方喉舌,仍對它以對外還是對內為主,說法不一。
兩會期間,人大會議公佈的《十三五綱要》的闡述,讓這類歧義迎刃而解。
儘管綱要中,「國家政權主權安全」概念的粉墨登場,已經令世界政治學界聞所未聞,但更令人吃驚的是,在對付三股勢力「暴力恐怖、民族分裂、宗教極端」的活動之前,還赫然將「敵對勢力滲透顛覆破壞活動」放在首位。
顯然,防止政權被顛覆的迫切性儼然超越了反恐、反間諜等傳統國家安全威脅。
傳統上,在強力部門中,與大名鼎鼎的公安部「國內安全保衞」系統、及其耗資千億的龐大「維穩」體系相比,只有作為間諜/反間諜機關的國家安全部,更符合狹義的「國家安全」概念。該系統也曾在各級設立過「國家安全領導小組」,領導狹義「國安」工作及其隊伍。
到江澤民時期,北京開始羨慕美國國家安全委員會(NSC)在最高決策中的作用。作為總統諮詢機構,NSC成員包括總統、副總統、國務卿、財政部長、國防部長和總統國安事務助理,最高作戰指揮官參聯會主席和國家情報總監,分別充當該委法定軍事顧問和情報顧問,其他政府部門主管和高官,則只在需要時應邀參會。
「中央國家安全領導小組」於2000年產生,雖然江澤民親任組長,但副組長為分管外交事務的政治局委員,辦公室主任由中央外事辦公室主任兼任,特別是從該小組與「中央外事工作領導小組」合署辦公來看,它主要協調對外的國家安全事務。雖然其層級不如NSC高,但因為中美基本政治架構的根本不同,也算符合國情的適度學習。
江以後時期,中國國內政策日益特立獨行,與西方在價值觀和規則體系上漸趨對立,中共高層日益強調統籌「國際國內兩個大局」。習上台後更有個人集權、理論創新和政權維穩的迫切需要。因而,儘管為增加合法性,習的「國安委」仍自稱醖釀自江澤民,但在製度設計上可就大相徑庭了。
於是,中共原有體制中黨政分開、避免以黨代政等難得的進步,現在被指責為​​「條塊分割,權力過散」。通過增加一個常設機構,就將黨、政、軍、法、經、文乃至社會生活中,凡與「國家安全」沾邊的權力一網打盡,則成了「對國家治理方式的一種新探索」。
如今,在「百度百科」的自建詞條上,居然有人想當然地添加了「中華人民共和國國家安全委員會」詞條,內容卻只涉「中共國安委」。
北京是否經過修憲,來設立一個影子式的「國家國安委」還很難說。然而,經中共一次中央全會,國安委就獲得全部國家安全事務決策權,只向政治局及其常委會負責。作為最高立法機構的人大首腦,也只是其副主席,國安委的集權程度,甚至超越中央軍委。相比之下,美國NSC的決策,還只能靠總統行使其法定權力,並受立法、司法權制衡。
進一步架空政治局和國務院
當前最大的懸念,還是「國安委」的實體化、決策權和機構設置將大到何種程度。
一個可以比附的例子是,雖然在網絡領域,原有中宣部、公安部、國家安全部、工信部、中央外宣辦/國務院新聞辦、新聞出版總署等機構多頭管理,但同樣由十八屆三中全會決定、於2014年成立的中共中央網絡安全和信息化領導小組(簡稱「網信組」)/中華人民共和國國家互聯網信息辦公室(簡稱「國信辦」),又單獨設立了龐大的業務職能部門,接管了大量網絡管理和監控權力。
在其首頁頂部,兩個名稱交替顯示,黨政完全同體。
設立這一機構的理由,同樣是因為國務院系統的「國家信息化領導小組」及其辦事機構「國務院信息化工作辦公室」(也曾簡稱「國信辦」)難以協調黨中央、軍委、人大等權力機構。然而,其更大的動機,還是中共高層管制互聯網輿論的急迫需要,以及利用信息戰手段,挑戰美國的需要。對促進國內信息化進程,該機構反倒桎梏多於促進。
迴歸國安委,其雖然被解讀為「國家層面的國家安全和危機處理常設機構」,但直至2016年3月,在中國共產黨新聞網和新華網的中共中央直屬機構列表中,都仍有原「中央國家安全領導小組」而不見「國安委」。
儘管「國安委」被讚譽為「減少條條框框,提升決策效率」,然而在哪些事必須上升到這一層面議決,哪些可以留在原有政法、軍事和外交層面處理,則不易理清。
它與作為「中央直屬部門」的中央政法委如何分工?它與作為「中央直屬議事協調機構」的治安治理、防反邪教、維穩、海洋權益、藏疆、金融安全、對台、港澳、網信、保密、密碼等工作小組(注:各小組名稱全稱在文末)的關係如何?它與國家安全部等政府部門,以及與跨部委的國家邊海防委員會、境外中國公民和機構安全保護工作部際聯席會議等大批官僚機構的關係到底如何?恐怕擔憂其效果盤根錯節、事倍功半,並不為過。
而從本次人大會議公佈的《綱要》中,更不難發現:作為習治國理政的基本出發點、切入點和終極價值之一,政治、國土、經濟、社會、資源網絡等重點領域,均要求制訂安全政策和中長期目標,重要領域、重大改革、重大工程、項目和政策,都要求進行安全風險評估。
這意味著,哪怕只是部分​​實體化,由於要求所有重點領域,均建立維護國安工作協調機制,「國安委」已然同「深改小組」(注:全面深化改革領導小組)一樣,無異於一個牽一髮而動全身,匯聚大量權力的「小政府」。
在進一步架空政治局和國務院之外,集於一人的最高權力,通過疊床架屋的多套機制,來發號施令。然而執行者,則仍是同一套部委和地方,其效率,以及能否真正保證龐雜的國安訴求中的合理部分,不容樂觀。

2016年3月5日,中國北京,解放軍士兵在人民大會堂前走過。攝:Damir Sagolj/REUTERS
危及原國安系統部門利益,刺激以「諜」治國
可以預計,隨著《十三五綱要》的「總體國家安全觀」的提出,在「國安委」的崛起影響下,大陸原有「國保」、「國安」系統均岌岌可危。
「國保」近來盛傳將被取消。據信,其在國內政治保衞領域的蒐集情報、建設(社會監視)隱蔽力量、偵查異見反對案件、控制民族/宗教陣地、打擊邪教組織等職能,仍將分散到更加合法化的刑偵和治安等部門。從1993年生效的《國家安全法》,於2014年被狹義得多的《反間諜法》取代。
而《十三五綱要》,則要求整合不同領域的安全監測預警系統,及情報蒐集分析處理能力。從對國家情報工作專門立法的動向看,「國安」系統也必然失去對「國家安全」的權力壟斷。
受此刺激,2014、2015年的國家安全部系統,主動披露破獲間諜案的報道明顯增多,可是這些案例到底洩露了什麼?
2015年3月,河南國安公佈的該省首起間諜案中,一名的士司機為境外機構觀察空降兵某部的機場位置、週邊情況和​​機型;7月四川國安近十年首次公開披露的間諜案中,某軍工單位的4名洩密者,有的提供了軍品型號、產量、特殊材料、定型試驗時間和故障情況,有的提供了航空航天內部刊物;11月,吉林白山軍分區擒獲一名拍攝和手繪中國邊境兵力分佈的外籍間諜。
這些案例中洩露的當然有軍事機密,然而範圍和程度被嚴重誇大。近年北京加強了對網上發布和傳遞國家秘密的監管,最大問題仍是「密無邊際」。雖然北京近年一直要求加快明確「密」和「非密」界線的「定密」工作,但由於風聲鶴唳的觀念,加之官僚機關既要靠「密」吃飯,又不願擔責,秘密過寬、界限模糊的局面毫無改觀。
實際上,大陸有的專家在渲染間諜威脅時,也承認有「主動向我方販賣情報的」,這說明「中國也蒐集/收買外國情報」;國安部一專家在強調「網絡間諜活動近兩年越來越活躍」時,居然也以「他們從網上看到的言論中就可以發現若干有價值的情報」為例,然而後者完全是合法的行為。
上述河南案例中,百度上就有來自中國「高分一號」衞星拍攝的該機場照片,精確到20米,「百度全景」則提供了機場週邊精確到每家店鋪的街景,中國軍迷中認識空軍運輸機機型的數以萬計;四川案例中,內部刊物性質模糊,所載的大量技術探討同軍品生產一樣。而事無鉅細,一切皆密的做法,無非掩蓋了北京軍工的封閉、低效、落後和缺陷,這些問題得不到曝光和監督,其危害遠超這些情報被外界了解。
同時,保密委員會/保密局系統也早已固化了部門利益,比如以保密為由,強制要求地圖產品採用「非線性保密處理技術」,形成圖上位置與實際存在100~600米的隨機偏差。此種做法,除了給官方測繪機構創造鉅額收益,給本國相關產業和國民帶來巨大麻煩外,沒有任何保密作用——因為軍事目標實體位置並不會變,外國情報機構和軍方也不依靠中國地圖,其研判和攻擊絲毫不受影響。
當然,部門利益絕非這種以「諜」治國局面的全部原因。整體上,北京也需要在大陸社會,頻頻渲染國家安全面臨危局、隱蔽戰線鬥爭激烈,從而大樹敵情意識,激發愛國甚至仇外熱情,暗中強化社會控制。
而且,由於北京權力和預算不受社會監督,黨和政府以國民父母自居,只要以安全為名,從整體到細節,任何信息均可只擇有利者公開,其餘密不透風,使以「諜」治國工具如有神助。
同時,北京近年的立法活動,以國家安全和社會穩定等利益為名,全面增大了對公民配合監視、調查的強制性和公安干預公民自由的權限。
2015年11月,吉林省國家安全廳竟然公佈了接受全國範圍間諜行為和線索舉報的專線電話,原因至今不明。該部門要求公民舉報可疑人員「間諜、內姦、策反人員、情報員、外圍代理人」 等,但這只是政治概念而非法律概念,列舉的可疑標準也純屬表面跡象,很多是合法身份或僅表現為言論,完全可能與間諜毫無關係,其中的「敏感問題」和「反動言論」更不是法律上可操作的概念。
顯然,這種制度號召的絕非對現行間諜行為的舉報,而是東德風格的公民大範圍相互監視和告密,侵犯公民自由不說,即使在​​「專政」話語體系內,誤解、誣陷和栽贓風險也很高。
2015年8月通過的刑法修正案(九),一夜新增拒不履行信息網絡安全管理義務罪、非法利用信息網絡罪、幫助信息網絡犯罪活動罪、擾亂國家機關工作秩​​序罪、組織資助非法聚集罪、編造故意傳播虛假信息罪、洩露不應公開的案件信息罪和披露報道不應公開的案件信息罪,等20項罪名,令人恐怖。
而高瑜案、以及銅鑼灣書店案,均不過是才剛剛開始。
這一切表明,在中國,「國家安全」概念外延的大幅擴展,絕不只是為適應當代國家安全保障多要素交織的趨勢,而說它是權鬥利器和治國法寶也流於表面。實質上,它是北京政權焦慮的集中流露。而《十三五綱要》裏「保江山」的全新動作,也標誌著共產主義國家在危機時刻,強化「警察國家」色彩的天性,正快速復甦。
註:小組機構全稱為:
中央社會治安綜合治理委員會、中央防範和處理邪教問題領導小組、中央維護穩定工作領導小組、中央海洋權益工作領導小組、中央藏區工作協調領導小組、中央新疆工作協調小組、中央金融安全指導委員會,與有中共中央/國務院雙重身份的對台工作領導小組、港澳工作協調小組、中央網絡安全和信息化領導小組、中央保密委員會和中央密碼工作領導小組。

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