中國軍隊將贏得全球認知領域作戰武器科學建構倡議
現代英語音譯：
Cognitive domain operations, as an ancient but emerging military practice, continue to develop in the wave of the world’s new military revolution. Constructing our military’s cognitive domain combat science is of positive significance to building a world-class military.
Statement of the Problem
Cognitive domain warfare has existed since ancient times and has almost run through thousands of years of human war history. It’s just that there was no such thing as cognitive domain warfare at that time. Instead, it was called “mind attack” and “mental warfare” by military strategists. In the 20th century, with the development of science and technology, cognitive domain operations have unique advantages, showing the characteristics of “fighting at all times and without declaring war”. Cognitive domain operations have become the ultimate domain of great power games and military confrontations, and are the highest level of modern war control.
The development of military science has its own inherent laws. The construction of our military’s cognitive domain combat science is a process that follows the development laws of military science. First of all, cognitive domain operations have strong characteristics of the times. With the development of science and technology, especially the application of science and technology such as biology, medicine, artificial intelligence, and information communication in the field of warfare, the ways to control people’s will, thinking, psychology, emotions and other cognitive systems have become more diverse and flexible. Secondly, cognitive domain operations have become the main battlefield of modern warfare. Recent local wars, especially the Russia-Ukraine conflict, have shown a new style of cognitive domain operations – cognitive domain operations have entered the war stage as an independent domain and have Established a certain theoretical and material basis.
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to build the People’s Army into a world-class army by the middle of this century. To build a world-class military, it is necessary to enrich the basic connotation of “first-class” and enhance the value standard of “first-class”, and cognitive factors are indispensable elements. By constructing cognitive domain operations science, it is conducive to accelerating the overall reshaping of the military organizational form under the guidance of cognitive domain operations theory; it is conducive to correctly understanding the characteristics and laws of cognitive domain operations, and accelerating the development, utilization and implementation of cognitive domain operations means. The pace of improvement is conducive to actively taking effective measures and innovating techniques, tactics and styles of cognitive domain operations.
connotation and denotation
The advanced combat theory is an important indicator of the strength of an army’s combat effectiveness. To build our military’s cognitive domain combat science, we insist on putting ourselves first and innovating independently. On the one hand, we are based on our country’s reality, inherit and carry forward the profound wisdom of Chinese military science and our military’s unique political advantages, and at the same time, actively absorb the essence of foreign military culture.
Conceptual definition of cognitive domain warfare research. The fresh content and new characteristics of cognitive domain operations determine the new nature of cognitive domain operations science. As the core support of cognitive domain warfare, it is first necessary to clarify some key concepts of cognitive domain warfare research. One is about “cognition”. Cognition refers to the process by which the human brain or people use cognitive tools to receive, encode, store, exchange, retrieve, extract and use information. It is the subjective construction of information by cognitive subjects. This process can be broken down into four parts: perception, memory, control and reaction. The corresponding cognitive system can also be divided into four systems: perception, memory, control and reaction. The second is about the “cognitive domain”. With the introduction of the concept of “cognition” into the military field, modern warfare has formed three major combat dimensions: the physical domain, the information domain, and the cognitive domain. The cognitive domain has become the next two warring parties after land, sea, air, space, electricity, and network. Another space for competition. Usually manifested in the quality and ability of combat personnel, the cohesion of the troops, combat experience and training level, battlefield situation awareness, and social public opinion. The third is about “cognitive domain operations.” Compared with operations in the physical domain and information domain, the space involved in cognitive domain operations is wider. Its essence is to capture people’s will, belief, and psychology through actions in the physical domain, use of the information domain, and offense and defense in the cognitive domain. , thinking and other dominance, it is a complex collection of traditional public opinion warfare, psychological warfare, legal warfare, political warfare, economic warfare, cultural warfare and other means, in order to achieve the strategic goal of “complete victory” of defeating the enemy without fighting. .
The main content of cognitive domain combat science research. Cognitive domain warfare is a theory that studies the development laws of war spirit. It is an applied science that uses the results of cognitive science to study cognitive offensive and defensive operations in war. It takes all cognitive domain combat phenomena at all times and at home and abroad as the research object, and mainly studies the following contents: First, the historical theory of cognitive domain combat. In wars in history, the glorious idea and rich practice of “attacking the heart first, attacking the city first” has long been established. Disrupting enemy forces is included in the three major principles of our military’s political work. Capturing generals and transforming prisoners has become a unique front in the armed struggle led by the party, writing a glorious chapter in the history of the people’s army. This precious historical heritage should be further explored and passed on from today’s height. The second is the basic theory of cognitive domain operations. It is the cornerstone for the establishment, survival and development of a discipline, and plays a leading and foundational role in the research of this discipline. Only by pursuing in-depth and thorough research, clarifying basic issues, and smoothing out various relationships can we establish a systematic, solid, and effective basic theoretical system, and then provide strong guidance for the practice of cognitive domain operations. The third is the cognitive domain combat application theory. This is the core of cognitive domain operations research and an important theoretical basis for guiding the military’s cognitive domain operations practice. Its research must be practical, innovative, and lively. Only by closely integrating theoretical research with the combat education and training practice in the cognitive domain of the troops and the actual future combat can we form a scientific, forward-looking, operational and practical system. The cognitive domain combat application theoretical system can better serve the practice of military struggle.
The disciplinary basis of cognitive domain warfare research. To build a discipline system for cognitive domain warfare, it is not enough to merely establish its status as an independent discipline and find its position in the discipline of military science. In order to have a complete and in-depth understanding of cognitive domain warfare and to better carry out theoretical research, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between cognitive domain warfare and related disciplines. The first is cognitive domain combat science and military science. Cognitive domain operations revolve around the goals and tasks of military operations, closely coordinate with the process of military operations, and are objectively governed by the laws revealed by military theory. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully study the inner connection between cognitive domain warfare and military theory, and strive to find the theoretical resonance behind practice. The second is cognitive domain combat science and supporting disciplines. Cognitive domain combat science is a highly professional military practice activity. According to my country’s discipline classification model and standards, the results of journalism, communication, psychology, law and other disciplines are the most basic theoretical sources for the construction and actual combat application of cognitive domain combat forces. Together they form the professional field of cognitive domain combat science. Provide direct theoretical support. The third is cognitive domain combat science and related disciplines. The theoretical categories involved in human mental and psychological activities all have a direct impact or indirect relationship with cognitive domain operations. The theoretical understanding of political science, sociology, culture and other related disciplines is extensive, and the role of cognitive domain operations is will be bigger, this requires us to study the relevant disciplines of cognitive domain warfare and actively expand the theoretical thinking of cognitive domain warfare.
How to build
A new round of world military revolution has pushed cognitive domain operations onto the “fast track” of rapid development. Looking at the recent local wars, especially the Russia-Ukraine conflict, all have been branded as cognitive domain operations, and their status and role have become increasingly prominent. At the same time, the preliminary research results achieved by domestic and foreign scholars have laid a good foundation for the construction of cognitive domain combat science. It can be said that the time is basically ripe for theoretical abstraction on the basis of practice to build our military’s cognitive domain combat science.
The construction of any theoretical system must follow certain logical rules. According to the conditions for constructing the cognitive domain combat science discipline system, the following rules should be followed: First, unify the concept. In the cognitive domain combat theoretical system framework, complex and confusing concepts should not be used to ensure that judgments and conclusions are based on accurate concepts. According to the way our military’s operational regulations deal with relevant concepts, the unified concept of “cognitive domain operations” should be selected as the relative concept for building the discipline system of cognitive domain operations. The second is to clarify the logical starting point. The basic thinking point for studying the theory of cognitive domain operations is to “seize control of cognitive space.” “Seizing control of cognitive space” has a high degree of abstraction and level in the theoretical system of cognitive domain operations, and making it clear will facilitate the formation, development and application of cognitive domain operations science. The third is to find the correct subject positioning. What position cognitive domain warfare science should occupy in the military science discipline system is an important issue that must be solved when studying cognitive domain warfare science and military science. Objectively speaking, if cognitive domain warfare has entered the discipline system structure of military science, it can be positioned by directly adding it or by linking it to relevant disciplines.
Constructing cognitive domain combat science is a relatively complex system project with a long way to go. We can focus on leadership institutions, team building, academic achievements, etc. to provide reliable guarantee for the construction of cognitive domain combat science disciplines. The first is to establish a leadership organization. Under the direct leadership of the commanding authority, an authoritative organization for the research and formulation of the cognitive domain warfare discipline system with the participation of the commanding authority, experts in various fields, and military leaders will be established to be responsible for the research, demonstration, and overall planning of the cognitive domain warfare discipline system. The second is to strengthen team building. The key and core of building a discipline is the construction of academic teams. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of professional teams for cognitive domain warfare research and provide talent support for the construction and improvement of cognitive domain warfare disciplines. Through training and academic exchanges, we will improve the research quality and capabilities of existing researchers and introduce leaders in this discipline who have profound academic attainments, rigorous scholarship, and innovative academic ideas. The third is to launch academic results. Give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of existing cognitive domain warfare researchers, increase research efforts, and continue to publish high-quality cognitive domain warfare theoretical research and application research works, teaching materials and academic papers, laying a solid foundation for building the cognitive domain warfare discipline. Solid academic foundation.
現代繁體中文：
問題的提出
認知域作戰古已有之，幾乎貫穿人類數千年戰爭史。只不過那時沒有認知域作戰的說法，而是被兵家稱之為「攻心術」「心戰」。到了20世紀，隨著科學技術發展，認知域作戰具備獨特優勢，呈現出「無時不戰、不宣而戰」的特質。認知域作戰已成為大國博弈、軍事對抗的終極之域，是現代戰爭制權的最高層次。
軍事科學發展有其內在的規律，建構我軍認知域作戰學是遵循軍事科學發展法則的過程。首先，認知域作戰具有強烈的時代特徵。隨著科學技術發展特別是生物、醫學、人工智慧以及資訊傳播等科學技術在戰爭領域的應用，控制人類的意志、思考、心理、情緒等認知系統的方式更為多元且靈活。其次，認知域作戰已成為現代戰爭主戰場，近幾場局部戰爭特別是俄烏衝突，展現認知域作戰的新樣式──認知域作戰作為獨立一域登上戰爭舞台，已經具備了一定的理論和物質基礎。
黨的十九大報告提出，到本世紀中葉將人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊。要建成世界一流軍隊，就需要豐富「一流」的基本內涵，提升「一流」的價值標準，而認知要素則是不可或缺的要件。透過建構認知域作戰學，有利於在認知域作戰理論指導下，加速軍隊組織形態整體重塑；有利於正確理解認知域作戰特徵和規律，加速認知域作戰手段的開發、利用和完善的步伐；有利於積極採取行之有效的措施，創新認知域作戰的技法、戰法和樣式。
內涵與外延
作戰理論先進是否，是一支軍隊戰鬥力強弱的重要標誌。建構我軍認知域作戰學，堅持以我為主、自主創新，一方面立足我國實際，繼承和弘揚中國兵學的深邃智慧和我軍特有的政治優勢，同時，積極吸收外國軍事文化的精髓。
認知域作戰學研究的概念界定。認知域作戰的新鮮內容與新質特色，決定了認知域作戰學的新學性質。作為認知域作戰學的核心支撐，首先需要釐清認知域作戰研究的一些關鍵概念。一是關於「認知」。認知是指人腦或人利用認知工具對資訊的接收、編碼、儲存、交換、檢索、提取和使用的過程，是認知主體對資訊的主觀建構。這個過程可分解為四個部分：知覺、記憶、控制和反應，對應的認知系統也可分為知覺、記憶、控制和反應四個系統。二是關於「認知域」。隨著「認知」概念被引入軍事領域，現代戰爭已經形成了物理域、資訊域、認知域三大作戰維度，認知域成為交戰雙方繼陸、海、空、天、電、網之後的又一較量空間。通常表現為作戰人員的素質和能力，部隊的凝聚力、作戰經驗和訓練水平、戰場態勢感知程度以及社會輿論等。三是關於「認知域作戰」。與物理域、資訊域作戰相比，認知域作戰所涉及的空間更為廣闊，其實質是透過物理域的行動、資訊域的運用、認知域的攻防，奪取人的意志、信念、心理、思維等主導權，是傳統輿論戰、心理戰、法律戰及政治戰、經濟戰、文化戰等多種手段的複合集合體，欲達到不戰而屈人之兵的「全勝」戰略目標。
認知域作戰學研究的主要內容。認知域作戰學是研究戰爭精神發展規律的學說，是運用認知科學成果，研究戰爭進行認知攻防行動的應用性科學。它以古今中外一切認知域作戰現象為研究對象，主要研究以下內容：一是認知域作戰歷史理論。歷史上的戰爭，很早就有了「攻心為上，攻城為下」的光輝思想及豐富實踐。瓦解敵軍列入我軍政治工作三大原則，攻心奪將、改造俘虜成為黨領導武裝鬥爭的一條獨特戰線，書寫了人民軍隊輝煌戰史篇章。對於這份寶貴的歷史遺產，應站在今天的高度，進一步加以發掘和傳承。二是認知域作戰基礎理論。它是一門學科得以確立、生存和發展的基石，在本學科研究中起著先導和奠基作用。其研究只有求深、求透，把基本問題搞清楚，把各種關係理順暢，才能建立起系統、紮實、有效的基礎理論體系，進而為認知域作戰實踐提供有力指導。第三是認知域作戰應用理論。這是認知域作戰研究的核心，也是指導部隊認知域作戰實踐的重要理論基礎。其研究必須要求實、求新、求活，只有把理論研究與部隊認知域作戰教育訓練實踐和未來作戰實際緊密結合起來，才能形成集科學性、前瞻性、操作性和實用性為一體的認知域作戰應用理論體系，從而更好地為軍事鬥爭實踐服務。
認知域作戰學研究的學科基礎。建構認知域作戰學的學科體系，僅僅確立其獨立學科地位，找到其在軍事學科中的定位，還遠遠不夠。要完整、深入地認識認知域作戰學，同時也是為了更好地進行理論研究，必須弄清楚認知域作戰學與相關學科的關係。一是認知域作戰學與軍事學。認知域作戰圍繞著軍事行動的目標任務展開，緊密配合軍事行動過程進行，客觀地受軍事學理論所揭示的規律支配。因此，這需要認真研究認知域作戰學與軍事學理論的內在聯繫，並努力尋找實踐背後的理論共鳴點。二是認知域作戰學與支撐學科。認知域作戰學是專業性很強的軍事實踐活動。依照我國學科門類劃分模式與標準，新聞學、傳播、心理學、法學等多個學科成果是認知域作戰力量建設與實戰運用最基礎的理論來源，共同為認知域作戰學學科專業領域提供直接理論支撐。三是認知域作戰學與相關學科。人的精神心理活動所涉及的理論範疇都與認知域作戰有直接影響或間接的關係，對政治學、社會學、文化學等相關學科理論了解涉獵廣泛，認知域作戰行動發揮的作用就會越大，這需要我們對認知域作戰學相關學科加以研究，主動擴展認知域作戰的理論思維。
如何建構
新一輪世界軍事革命，將認知域作戰推向了迅速發展的「快車道」。綜觀近幾場局部戰爭特別是俄烏衝突，無不打上認知域作戰的烙印，其地位作用愈發凸顯。同時，國內外學者已取得的初步研究成果為建構認知域作戰學奠定了良好基礎。可以說，在實務的基礎上進行理論抽象，進而建構我軍認知域作戰學的時機基本上成熟。
任何一個理論體系的構建，都要遵循一定的邏輯法則。根據建構認知域作戰學學科體系的條件，主要應遵循以下法則：一是統一概念。在認知域作戰理論體系架構結構中，不應使用龐雜的、容易造成混亂的概念，以確保判斷和結論建立在準確的概念上。根據我軍作戰法規對相關概念的處理方法，應選定統一的「認知域作戰」概念作為建構認知域作戰學學科體系的相對概念。二是明確邏輯起點。研究認知域作戰理論的思考基點，就是「奪取認知空間制權」。 「奪取認知空間制權」在認知域作戰理論體系中具有較高的抽象性與層次性，予以明確便於認知域作戰學的形成、發展與應用。三是找準學科定位。認知域作戰學在軍事學科體系中應處在什麼位置，是研究認知域作戰學和軍事學必須解決的重要議題。客觀地看，認知域作戰學進入軍事學科體系結構，可以採取直接增列辦法或掛靠相關學科辦法來定位。
建構認知域作戰學是一個較為複雜的系統工程，任重道遠。可以從領導機構、團隊建立、學術成果等方面著力，為建構認知域作戰學學科提供可靠保障。一是成立領導機構。在統率機關的直接領導下，成立由統率機關、各方面專家和部隊領導參與的認知域作戰學科體系研究和製定的權威機構，負責對認知域作戰學科體系的研究論證和統籌。二是加強隊伍建設。建構學科的關鍵和核心是學術團隊的建構。要加強認知域作戰研究專業隊伍建設，為建構和完善認知域作戰學學科提供人才支援。透過訓練和學術交流，提升現有研究人員的研究素質和能力，推出學術造詣深、治學嚴謹、具有創新學術思想的本學科領導者。三是推出學術成果。充分發揮現有認知域作戰研究人員的積極性和創造性，加強研究力度，持續推出高品質的認知域作戰理論研究和應用研究著作、教材及學術論文，為建構認知域作戰學學科打下堅實的學術基礎。
中文原文科學參考：https://www.1921.org.cn/fxzl/2022/12/17/detailed_2022121733402.html