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中國軍事在作戰領域使用認知對抗

現代英語作為外語音譯：

Modern warfare, according to the characteristics of material form, usually divides the combat domain into the physical domain, the information domain, and the cognitive domain. The three domains interact with each other to form the field and soil for military confrontation. Although cognitive domain operations occur in the cognitive domain, their operational support often spans various fields. War practice shows that with the enhanced effectiveness of hard strikes in the physical domain, cognitive formation can often be accelerated, and cognitive realization can better meet combat needs.

Cognitive offense and defense cannot be separated from physical support

Today’s world is a world where everything is interconnected. The collection of different objects connected to each other greatly enhances the function of independent individuals acting alone. Cognitive domain operations are never isolated operations between cognitive carriers. Only by integrating cognitive offense and defense into an integrated joint operations chain, closely integrating with physical domain military strike operations, and tightly integrating with the entire combat system can we fully exert combat effectiveness.

The starting point of cognition. Existence determines consciousness. Thinking and cognition is not a fairy from the sky, but a true or tortuous reflection of the real world. Without the foundation of the material world, thinking and cognition will lose the source of information, the basis for analysis and judgment, and the accuracy of decision-making and action, making it difficult for people to trust, recognize, and rely on. Even the most psychedelic science fiction wars still have references to real combat targets, specific combat objectives, and corresponding combat paths. Therefore, intelligence reconnaissance analysis has become an indispensable and important link for commanders to organize troops and plan. “Without investigation, there is no right to speak” is regarded as a golden rule that must be followed in decision-making. Battlefield simulation simulations have become an important step for the success of combat operations. In history, most of the combat commands of accomplished generals and classic combat cases that can withstand the test of history and practice are all based on full investigation and research and scientific intelligence analysis. Without the hard-core support of the real world, “human beings think about , and God laughs.”

The basis of cognitive effects. A golden rule of operations in the cognitive domain is that soft power at the cognitive level must be supported by hard strikes at the physical level in order to ensure and strengthen its effect. Strong military pressure is a necessary prerequisite for cognitive means to work, and continuous victory on the battlefield is the core support for winning cognitive wars. If the United States does not have the high-pressure pressure of its super comprehensive national strength and superior technology, its “Star Wars Plan” may not really work. If cognitive domain operations lack the support of specific military operations in the physical domain, they will never produce the good effects of doubting, confusing, deterring, and defeating the enemy. To grasp the initiative in thinking and cognition and to take the initiative in cognitive domain operations, we must not only strengthen the construction of cognitive ontology, improve the ability to directly use strategies and technical means to strengthen self-protection, intervene and influence the opponent’s thinking and cognition, but also actively strive to The physical domain leverages the conduction effect of military operations in the physical domain to enhance thinking and cognition.

The starting point for cognitive realization. Marxism believes that once theory grasps the masses, it will also become material force. From the perspective of combat in the cognitive domain, spiritual creation at the superstructure level of cognition will not automatically turn into material power. Only by being attached to a certain material carrier and practical grasp can it be possible to realize spiritual to material and consciousness. A critical leap into existence. Just as in World War II, if the German army had not bypassed the Maginot Line, broke through the Ardennes Forest, and launched a surprise attack into the French hinterland, it would have been impossible to demonstrate the foresight of the cognitive achievement of the “Manstein Plan”; similarly, if there had been no Allied Forces, The military’s successful landing in Normandy, which invaded the east and west, also failed to highlight the ingenuity of the “overlord plan” strategy of “building plank roads openly and concealing warehouses secretly”. Thinking and cognition are transmitted through people to specific military operations in the physical domain, and then the specific military operations in the physical domain realize the material transformation of cognitive results, forming the fundamentals of the two-way interaction between cognitive offense and defense and military strikes in the physical domain.

The basic method of physical attack to support cognitive offense and defense

The methods and methods used by military strikes in the physical domain to support cognitive offense and defense follow the general law that matter determines consciousness and existence determines thinking. The basic methods can be divided into enhanced support, confirmation support and realization support.

Enhanced support. Military strikes in the physical domain strengthen the formation and development of thinking and cognition. Although thinking and cognition depend on the quality of the cognitive carrier itself, it will be difficult to achieve without the support of military operations in the physical domain. The most basic role of military operations in the physical domain in the cognitive domain is to provide solid support for the formation and development of thinking and cognition. Thinking and cognition can only be stable and far-reaching if it is based on real physical actions. For example, in the early days of the Korean War, when the Korean People’s Army was overwhelming, our army’s combat staff Lei Yingfu and others accurately predicted the landing of the US military based on the war situation, geographical and weather characteristics of the Korean Peninsula, especially the various actions of the US and South Korean troops at that time, etc. time and location. Similarly, Li Qiwei of the “United Nations Army” also made a judgment on the “worship offensive” based on the logistics support, weapons and equipment, and tactical use of the volunteers, and used “magnetic tactics” to fight me. These are all enhancements to the formation and development of thinking and cognition caused by combat in the physical domain.

Confirmation type support. Military strikes in the physical domain confirm preset thinking, precognition, and prejudgment. Cognitive attack and defense does not only occur at the cognitive level, but is the interaction between cognition and practice. War is a “place of life and death, a way of survival”. If one’s cognitive decision-making cannot be verified in many directions at the practical level, then acting rashly is the greatest irresponsibility for war. During the revolutionary war years, our military’s decision-makers were always under the control of the overall strategy and gave front-line commanders the power to act as appropriate and in accordance with the overall strategic direction principle. This is a positive confirmation of strategic thinking. During the Second World War, the Allies used “false facts” to mislead, constantly shaping and strengthening the German army’s misunderstanding of the Allied landing sites on the European continent, and finally successfully landed in Normandy with minimal cost. This was a counter-attack. To confirm.

Implementation support. Provide direct physical support for the realization of thinking, cognition, judgment and decision-making. Thinking and cognition must be transformed into actual results that change the world. The thinking and cognition acting on the opponent is not the end but a new starting point. Next, it must be acted upon in the physical world through “skilled hands” and “brave heart”. In other words In short, it is to provide direct physical action support for the value realization of thinking and cognition. This is just like Zhuge Liang’s clever plan, no matter how brilliant it is, if there is no implementation by the “Five Tiger Generals” and other Shu Han soldiers, it can only remain at the cognitive level of talking on paper. No matter how efficiently the first three parts of the “OODA” loop operate, if the execution link “A” is missing, it will be a “dead loop”. Similarly, the results of our military’s command decisions also depend on the resolute, thorough, and creative execution of the officers and soldiers. The quality and efficiency of the execution directly determines the effectiveness of the implementation of the command decisions. In this regard, physical actions at the execution level are of extremely important practical significance.

Effectively strengthen the interaction between cognitive offense and defense and physical strikes

Thinking and cognition must rely on the support of physical actions, which is an objective law that is independent of human will. It is an extremely important task to strengthen the communication and interaction between thinking and cognition and physical strikes to make our thinking and decision-making more targeted, objective and operable, so as to better transform cognitive advantages into action advantages and winning advantages. .

Be more proactive and solidify your cognitive foundation. Whether the thinking and cognition is correct depends fundamentally on its compatibility with objective reality and its applicability to combat opponents. Only thinking and cognition based on full investigation and research, seeking truth from facts and comparative advantages can stand the test of practice and actual combat. The practice of absolute, sacred, and nihilistic thinking or generals’ genius, wisdom, and inspiration is idealistic, one-sided, and harmful. This requires that we must work hard to base our thinking and cognition on the basis of extensive investigation, research and intelligence analysis, and truly understand the enemy’s situation, our situation, and other people’s situations, truly know our enemies and ourselves, know everything we should know, and adapt to local conditions. The camera moves. At the same time, we must combine reading books without words with books with words, unify indirect theory with living practice that is constantly developing and changing, and dialectically recognize past experiences and lessons and other people’s experiences and lessons, so that they become our own knowledge. Help instead of shackles, assist instead of dominate.

Be more proactive and strengthen cognitive rationality. Correct understanding that can withstand the long-term test of practice and actual combat comes from practice and is strengthened through feedback from practice. Cognitive practical experience is only the basic material for obtaining correct cognition. To form scientific cognition, we need to further eliminate the false and preserve the true in the repeated collision and verification of consciousness and matter, thinking and existence, in order to improve cognitive rationality. It is wrong and even fatal to think that true knowledge can be obtained once and for all from only local situations, fragmented information and individual periods of time. In the Battle of Chibi in ancient China, Cao Cao’s side only came to the understanding of conjoining warships from the common sense that iron cables can balance the shaking of the ship’s hull, but did not confirm it from the actual combat effects or consequences of concatenating warships. If you don’t know how to recreate, you will easily tie up the ship with iron ropes and tie yourself up, and ultimately end up in the disastrous defeat of “burning Red Cliff”. Times have changed, and the enemy situation on the modern battlefield is ever-changing. There has never been an unchanging cognitive practice, nor a once-and-for-all cognitive achievement. It can only strip away impurities and extract the essence from material to cognitive to material confirmation for re-cognition. , can we return to rationality.

Be more proactive in objectifying cognitive outcomes. Cognitive achievements are only the result of thinking and consciousness nurtured in cognitive carriers. Without timely and effective material transformation, it will be like walking at night wearing brocade clothes or hiding treasures in the mountains, and it will be difficult to demonstrate its own value. Thinking and cognition are based on physical actions, and ultimately rely on specific actions in the physical domain before they can be materialized and transformed into actual results that change the subjective and objective worlds. This requires us to not only consolidate the cognitive foundation and strengthen cognitive rationality, but also improve the operability of cognitive decision-making and planning as much as possible, opening the door for smoother materialization and transformation. At the same time, efforts must be made to improve the execution capabilities of decision-making and deployment executors, so that they can correctly understand the intention of decision-making, creatively adopt appropriate methods based on specific realities, and maximize the implementation of cognitive results and operational decision-making plans to the end. Be a good “ferryman” and “bridge across the river” that connects and transforms cognitive results with combat effectiveness.

(Author’s unit: Military Political Work Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences)

原始繁體中文：

現代戰爭根據物質形態的特點，通常將作戰域分為物理域、資訊域和認知域。這三個領域相互作用，形成軍事對抗的場域和土壤。認知域操作雖然發生在認知領域，但其操作支援往往跨越各領域。戰爭實踐表明，隨著物理領域硬打擊效能的增強，往往可以加速認知形成，認知實現更能滿足作戰需求。

認知攻防都離不開物質支撐

當今世界是一個萬物互聯的世界。相互連結的不同物體的集合極大地增強了獨立個體單獨行動的功能。認知域操作從來都不是認知載體之間孤立的操作。將認知攻防融入一體化聯合作戰鏈，與物理域軍事打擊行動緊密結合，與整個作戰體系緊密結合，才能充分發揮戰鬥力。

認知的起點。存在決定意識。思維和認知不是天上來的仙女，而是現實世界的真實或曲折的反映。離開了物質世界的基礎，思考和認知就會失去資訊的來源、分析判斷的基礎、決策和行動的準確性，使人難以信任、認知、依賴。即使是最迷幻的科幻戰爭，仍然會參考真實的作戰目標、具體的作戰目標以及相應的作戰路徑。因此，情報偵察分析成為指揮組織部隊、規劃不可或缺的重要環節。「沒有調查就沒有話語權」被視為決策必須遵循的金科玉律。戰場模擬模擬已成為作戰行動成功的重要一步。歷史上，大部分功將的作戰指揮和經得起歷史和實踐檢驗的經典作戰案例，都是建立在充分調查研究和科學情報分析的基礎上的。沒有現實世界的硬派支撐，「人類一思考，上帝就笑」。

認知效應的基礎。認知領域作戰的一條金科玉律是，認知層面的軟實力必須有實體層面的硬實力支撐，才能確保並強化其效果。強大的軍事壓力是認知手段發揮作用的必要前提，戰場上的持續勝利是贏得認知戰爭的核心支撐。如果美國沒有超強的綜合國力和優越的技術的高壓壓力，其「星際大戰計畫」可能無法真正發揮作用。認知域作戰如果缺乏物理域具體軍事行動的支撐，永遠不會產生疑、迷、震懾、克敵的良好效果。要掌握思維認知的主動權，掌握認知域作戰的主動權，不僅要加強認知本體建設，提高直接運用策略和技術手段加強自我保護、幹預和影響對手的能力。思維和認知，還積極努力在物理領域利用軍事行動在物理領域的傳導效應，增強思維和認知。

認知實現的起點。馬克思主義認為，理論一旦掌握了群眾，也就成為物質力量。從認知領域的戰鬥來看，認知上層建築層面的精神創造並不會自動轉化為物質力量。只有執著於一定的物質載體和實踐把握，才有可能實現精神到物質、意識的轉變。實現的關鍵飛躍。正如二戰時，如果德軍沒有繞過馬其諾防線，突破阿登森林，向法國腹地發起奇襲，就不可能展現「德軍認知成就」的先見之明。曼斯坦計畫」；同樣，如果沒有盟軍，軍隊在東西兩進的諾曼第成功登陸，也未能凸顯出「明修棧道、暗藏倉庫」的「霸王計畫」戰略的巧妙之處。思維認知透過人傳遞到物理域的具體軍事行動，再由物理域的具體軍事行動實現物質轉化。

認知結果，形成認知攻防和物理領域軍事打擊之間雙向互動的基礎。

物理攻擊支撐認知攻防的基本方法

物理領域軍事打擊支持認知攻防所採用的手段和方式，遵循物質決定意識、存在決定思維的一般法則。基本方式可分為增強支援、確認支援和變現支援。

增強支援。物理領域的軍事打擊加強了思維和認知的形成和發展。思維認知雖然依賴認知載體本身的品質，但如果沒有物理領域軍事行動的支持，就很難實現。物理領域軍事行動在認知領域最基本的作用就是為思考認知的形成與發展提供堅實的支持。思考和認知只有建立在真實的身體行動的基礎上，才能穩定、深遠。例如，朝鮮戰爭初期，朝鮮人民軍勢不可擋時，我軍作戰參謀雷英夫等人根據朝鮮半島戰局、地理、天氣特點，準確預測了美軍登陸，尤其是當時美軍和韓國軍隊的各種行動等等時間地點。同樣，「聯合國軍」的李奇偉也根據志願軍的後勤保障、武器裝備、戰術運用等，對「拜拜攻勢」做出了判斷，用「磁性戰術」與我作戰。這些都是物理領域的戰鬥對思維認知的形成與發展的增強。

確認類型支援。物理領域的軍事打擊證實了預設的思維、預知和預判。認知攻防不僅發生在認知層面，而是認知與實踐的互動。戰爭是「生死之地，生存之道」。如果一個人的認知決策無法在實踐層面得到多方位的驗證，那麼輕舉妄動就是對戰爭最大的不負責任。革命戰爭年代，我軍決策層始終處於整體戰略的掌控之中，賦予第一線指揮官依照整體戰略方向原則酌情行動的權力。這是對戰略思維的正面肯定。二戰期間，盟軍利用「虛假事實」進行誤導，不斷塑造並強化德軍對歐洲大陸盟軍登陸地點的誤解，最終以最小的成本成功登陸諾曼第。這是一次反擊。確認。

實施支援。為思維、認知、判斷和決策的實現提供直接的物質支持。思維和認知必須轉化為改變世界的實際結果。作用於對手的思維和認知不是終點而是新的起點。接下來，必須透過「巧手」和「勇敢的心」在物質世界中付諸行動。換句話說，簡而言之，就是為思考認知的價值實現提供直接的身體行動支撐。這就像是諸葛亮的巧妙計劃，無論多麼輝煌，如果沒有「五虎將」和其他蜀漢將士的實施，也只能停留在紙上談兵的認知層面。無論“OODA”循環的前三部分運行得多麼高效，如果缺少執行環節“A”，那麼這將是一個“死循環”。同樣，我軍指揮決策的結果也取決於官兵的堅決、徹底、創造性執行。執行的品質和效率直接決定指揮決策的執行效果。就此而言，執行層面的身體動作具有極為重要的現實意義。

有效加強認知攻防與身體打擊的互動

思考和認知必須依靠身體動作的支持，這是不依賴人的意志的客觀規律。加強思考認知與身體打擊的溝通互動，使我們的思維和決策更加具有針對性、客觀性和可操作性，從而更好地將認知優勢轉化為行動優勢和製勝優勢，是一項極其重要的任務。。

更加積極主動並鞏固您的認知基礎。思維認識是否正確，從根本上取決於它是否符合客觀現實，是否適用於打擊對手。唯有思考

而充分調查研究、實事求是、比較優勢的認識是經得起實踐和實戰檢驗的。實行絕對的、神聖的、虛無的思想或將軍的天才、智慧、靈感，是唯心主義的、片面的、有害的。這就要求我們必須努力把思維認識建立在廣泛調查研究和情報分析的基礎上，真正了解敵情、我情、他人情，真正知己知彼、知己知彼。應該了解並因地制宜。相機移動。同時，要把閱讀無字書與有字書結合起來，把間接理論與不斷發展變化的生活實踐結合，辯證地認識過去的經驗教訓和別人的經驗教訓，使之成為我們自己的經驗教訓。知識。幫助而不是束縛，協助而不是支配。

更積極主動，強化認知理性。經得起實踐和實戰長期檢驗的正確認識來自於實踐，並透過實踐的回饋得到強化。認知實務經驗只是獲得正確認知的基礎材料。形成科學認知，需要在意識與物質、思考與存在的反覆碰撞與驗證中進一步去偽存真，以提高認知理性。認為只有從局部情況、碎片資訊和個別時期才能一勞永逸地獲得真正的知識是錯誤的，甚至是致命的。在中國古代的赤壁之戰中，曹操一方只是從常識中得出了連體戰船的認識，即鐵纜可以平衡船體的晃動，但並沒有從實戰效果或連體後果中證實這一點。軍艦。如果不懂得再造，很容易就會用鐵繩把船綁起來，把自己綁起來，最後落得「火燒赤壁」的慘敗。時代變遷，現代戰場敵情瞬息萬變。從來沒有一成不變的認知實踐，也沒有一勞永逸的認知成就。它只能從物質中剔除雜質，提取精華，去認知，去物質確認，重新認知。，我們能否回歸理性。

更主動地客觀化認知結果。認知成就只是認知載體中孕育思考和意識的結果。如果沒有及時有效的物質改造，就會像穿著錦衣走夜路或藏寶藏山一樣，很難展現出自身的價值。思維和認知是以物理行為為基礎的，最終要依靠物理領域的具體行為才能具體化，轉化為改變主觀世界和客觀世界的實際結果。這就要求我們不僅要夯實認知基礎、強化認知理性，還要盡可能提高認知決策和規劃的可操作性，為更順利的物化和轉化打開大門。同時，要努力提高決策部署執行者的執行能力，使他們能夠正確理解決策意圖，根據具體實際創造性地採取適當的方法，最大限度地落實認知結果和經營決策計劃進行到底。當好認知結果與戰鬥力銜接轉化的「擺渡人」、「過河橋樑」。

（作者單位：軍事科學學院軍事政治工作研究所）

中國軍事資料來源：https://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2022-12/06/content_38888.htm

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 認知域操作, 認知戰

Chinese People’s Liberation Army Exploring Ways to Win in Cognitive Domain Operations

03/11/2024 admin Leave a comment

中國人民解放軍探索認知域作戰制勝之道

外語音譯:

Judging from the latest local war practice, cognitive domain operations have become an important variable that profoundly affects the direction of war. In cognitive domain operations, all parties compete fiercely for control of public opinion, information guidance, and cognitive shaping. There are not only physical confrontations, but also competitions in virtual space, demonstrating the distinctive characteristics of “technology +” in the digital era. Exploring the way to win in cognitive domain operations is of great practical significance for controlling the initiative in cognitive domain operations and winning future wars.

Seizing control of the brain has become the ultimate goal of cognitive domain operations

The brain is the material basis of all thinking activities and the command center that influences and controls human behavior changes. Feeling, perception and consciousness constitute the three aspects of the world that the brain reflects. How to win the right to control the brain has increasingly become the focus of research and attention by all warring parties in the field of cognitive domain operations.

Actively fight for sensory control. Feeling is the reaction caused by the characteristics of objective things in the human brain, and is the basis for various complex psychological processes. With the rapid development of brain science, molecular biology, neurochemistry and other disciplines, humans have gradually gained the ability to intervene and control the brain at the physiological level. According to foreign experimental results, inhaling oxytocin will make people more trusting of others and more empathetic, thereby affecting a person’s prosociality and moral performance. In future operations, the warring parties will use physical stimulation such as sound, light and electricity, or chemical drugs to act on the target’s hearing, vision, smell and other sensory systems. They may even directly act on the human brain to stimulate the target’s brain. Specific emotional reactions can achieve cognitive influence and control on the physiological level.

Effective competition for perceptual suppression. Perception is a psychological process formed on the basis of sensation and reflects the overall image and surface connection of objective things. Among them, the individual’s attitude, motivation, interest, as well as past experience and future expectations are the key variables that affect the individual’s perception of the perceptual target. During wartime, warring parties aim at the target’s psychological doubts, weaknesses, and needs, seize favorable opportunities, and use specific information to emotionally influence, mentally induce, or disrupt the target’s perception in order to increase the target’s perception of the target. The expectation of war risks weakens their will to resist and their determination to fight, thereby achieving the purpose of subduing the enemy with a small war, less fighting or even no fighting.

Comprehensive competition for the right to shape consciousness. Consciousness is realized through psychological processes such as feeling, perception, and thinking, and is manifested as the unity of knowledge, emotion, and intention. The fundamental purpose of war is to force the enemy to surrender. Judging from the war practice at home and abroad in ancient and modern times, in order to win the right to shape consciousness, the warring parties will do their best to mobilize all available military power and comprehensively use political, economic, cultural, diplomatic and other means to carry out political disintegration and diplomatic measures against the enemy. Isolation, guidance of public opinion, and declaration of legal principles can trigger rational thinking, ethical resonance, or value recognition of target individuals or groups, thereby changing their worldview, outlook on life, and values, forming a relatively stable and long-term cognitive influence or control, thereby achieving “complete victory.” “the goal of.

Controlling information becomes the key to cognitive domain operations

The weapon and ammunition of cognitive domain operations is information. Mastering the initiative in the generation, identification, acquisition, dissemination and feedback of information is the key to gaining battlefield advantage in the cognitive domain.

Actively implement strong psychological stimulation to promote information penetration. Modern warfare is fierce and complex, with various elements of confrontation unfolding in multi-dimensional and multi-domain contexts, and fighter jets fleeting. The forces and methods acting in the cognitive domain must keep up with the development and changes of the battlefield situation, and make extensive use of strong psychological stimulation methods such as subliminal information implantation, acousto-optical electromagnetic psychological nuisance damage, and non-contact emotional control to take the initiative to induce the target. The subject’s emotions, will, thoughts, beliefs, etc. appear chaotic, confused or radically changed, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling and influencing the cognitive system of the target subject.

Extensive use of intelligent algorithms to achieve accurate push. As the Internet penetrates into every aspect of human life, everyone will leave massive amounts of data and information online. During wartime, warring parties will use modern information technologies such as big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and blockchain to analyze the target’s social data, trajectory data, financial data, online shopping records, search records, personal communication records and other network data. The information is deeply mined and associated to achieve a “cognitive portrait” of the target object, and the target object’s interest preferences, behavioral trends, interpersonal relationships and value orientations are systematically analyzed, thereby three-dimensionally grasping the characteristics of relevant individuals or specific groups. Then, with the help of intelligent algorithm technology, personalized and customized cognitive information is accurately pushed to the target object, thereby affecting the target object’s attitude, emotion and value judgment towards the war, thereby promoting the realization of one’s own combat objectives and political intentions.

Effectively aggregate social support systems to achieve overall linkage. The social support system is the material and spiritual help and support that a person can obtain from others in his or her social network. It is a key factor that affects and determines the emotional support and cognitive direction of an individual. It can be said that for the success of cognitive domain operations, it is crucial to obtain the support and assistance of the target’s social support system. With the help of modern information technology, we can effectively connect to the target’s relatives, friends, classmates, partners and other specific social relations. By exerting targeted influence on the above-mentioned relations, we can gain the understanding, support and trust of the other party, and mobilize the specific relations to When the target object exerts influence, it is easier to win the trust and acceptance of the target object, and it is easier for the target object to undergo cognitive changes, thereby achieving the purpose of cognitive influence and control on the target object.

Virtual space becomes the main battlefield for cognitive domain operations

With the continuous expansion of human virtual space, virtual space is becoming the main battlefield of modern warfare, especially cognitive domain warfare, which determines the outcome of future wars to a certain extent.

Emerging communication forms have become new means of warfare in the cognitive domain. With the continuous development of mobile Internet technology, emerging communication forms represented by social media have gradually become a new platform and mainstream position for cognitive confrontation. Judging from recent local wars, the status and role of social media has become more and more prominent. All warring parties use personal blogs, forums and other platforms to publish battlefield pictures, videos, and comments in real time, which has not only become a global mobile online media terminal. It has also become the main battleground for the value perception game among different countries and different factions around the world. Emerging communication forms such as social media, with their unique decentralization and interactivity characteristics, have broken the information monopoly and information control in traditional communication methods and spawned numerous product styles. While meeting people’s information needs, they are also Unknowingly changing people’s perceptions. It is foreseeable that social media will play an increasingly prominent role in cognitive domain operations in the future.

Cyberspace has become a new space for cognitive domain operations. Under the conditions of informatization and intelligence, the threshold of network technology has been greatly reduced, making it possible to watch the game in real time around the world. Modern warfare has developed from “living room warfare” in the television era to “handheld warfare” in today’s all-media era. Online live broadcast is more intuitive and richer than any form of battlefield reporting, and “global synchronicity” has become a prominent feature. Through live broadcasts on the Internet, videos and pictures of fierce battles between the two warring parties, as well as numerous burned tanks and armored vehicles, as well as homes destroyed by the war and refugees fleeing their homes, can be visually presented. People can see the micro-state of individual civilians and soldiers on both sides through the Internet. The “transparency” of the battlefield makes any attempt to conceal the truth and false statements more and more difficult. But on the other hand, the emergence of technologies such as intelligent voice cloning and video portrait simulation replacement means that what people see may not necessarily be “as seen” and what they hear may not be “as heard”. Cognition under online live broadcasts Domain operations add more room for possibility and imagination.

The intelligent network army has become a new force in cognitive domain warfare. The development of information networks has broken through the authenticity limitations of interpersonal communication, and it is difficult for us to determine whether the other end of the network is a real person. Based on the needs of large-scale interaction, intelligent, automated, and large-scale cyberspace robots are emerging. They are widely active in every corner of cyberspace. These intelligent network armies have the capabilities of intelligent recognition, intelligent response and even brain-like thinking. They are tireless and work around the clock. Intelligent network armies are becoming an important force in future cognitive domain operations. Judging from the current development trends of related technologies, major countries and even business organizations in the world are focusing on the potential prospects of network robots in group penetration, live broadcast follow-up, shaping public opinion, and managing network crises. In the flexible guidance of network intelligent robots, Increase research and development efforts on key technologies such as automatic acquisition of technology groups, automatic cultivation and group penetration, and provide intelligent and efficient technical support for public opinion guidance, cognitive shaping, and behavioral guidance and control by discovering and effectively utilizing the behavioral patterns of network users.

中國人民解放軍探索認知域作戰制勝之道

原始繁體中文：

從最新的局部戰爭實踐來看，認知域作戰已成為深刻影響戰爭走向的重要變因。在認知域作戰中，各方對輿論控制、資訊引導、認知塑造等方面展開激烈競爭。不僅有實體對抗，還有虛擬空間的較量，展現出數位時代「科技+」的鮮明特質。探索認知域作戰的致勝之道，對於掌控認知域作戰主動權、贏得未來戰爭具有重要的現實意義。

奪取大腦控制權成為認知域作戰的終極目標

大腦是一切思考活動的物質基礎，是影響和控制人類行為改變的指揮中心。感覺、知覺和意識構成了大腦反映的世界的三個面向。如何贏得大腦的控制權，日益成為認知域作戰領域交戰各方研究與關注的焦點。

積極爭取感官控制。感覺是人腦對客觀事物特徵所引起的反應，也是各種複雜心理過程的基礎。隨著腦科學、分子生物學、神經化學等學科的快速發展，人類逐漸具備了在生理層面介入和控制大腦的能力。根據國外實驗結果，吸入催產素會使人更信任他人，更有同理心，進而影響一個人的親社會性和道德表現。在未來的行動中，交戰雙方將利用聲音、光、電等物理刺激或化學藥物作用於目標的聽覺、視覺、嗅覺等感覺系統。它們甚至可能直接作用於人腦，刺激目標大腦。特定的情緒反應可以在生理層面上實現認知影響和控制。

知覺抑制的有效競爭。知覺是在感覺基礎上形成的心理過程，反映客觀事物的整體形象和表面連結。其中，個體的態度、動機、興趣以及過去的經驗和未來的期望是影響個體對感性目標感知的關鍵變數。戰時，交戰雙方針對目標的心理疑慮、弱點和需求，抓住有利時機，利用特定訊息對目標進行情緒影響、精神誘導或擾亂感知，以增加目標對目標的感知。對戰爭風險的預期削弱了他們的抵抗意志和戰鬥決心，從而達到以小戰、少戰甚至不戰克敵的目的。

全面競爭塑造意識。意識是透過感覺、知覺、思考等心理過程實現的，表現為知、情感、意圖的統一。戰爭的根本目的是迫使敵人投降。從古今中外的戰爭實踐來看，交戰雙方為了贏得意識塑造權，都會竭盡全力調動一切可以動用的軍事力量，綜合運用政治、經濟、文化、外交等多種手段。手段是對敵人實施政治瓦解和外交措施。隔離、輿論引導、法理宣示，可以引發目標個人或群體的理性思考、倫理共鳴或價值認同，從而改變其世界觀、人生觀、價值觀，形成相對穩定、長期的認知。影響或控制，從而取得“完全勝利」。 “的目標。

控制資訊成為認知域運作的關鍵

認知領域作戰的武器和彈藥是資訊。掌握資訊產生、辨識、獲取、傳播和回饋的主動權，是認知領域中獲得戰場優勢的關鍵。

積極實施強烈的心理刺激，促進訊息滲透。現代戰爭激烈複雜，對抗要素多維度、多領域，戰機瞬息萬變。作用於認知域的力量和方式必須跟上戰場情勢的發展變化，廣泛運用潛意識訊息植入、聲光電磁心理滋擾傷害、非接觸情感等強心理刺激手段。控制主動誘導目標。時間

主體的情緒、意志、思想、信仰等出現混亂、混亂或徹底改變，從而達到控制和影響目標主體認知系統的目的。

大量運用智慧演算法，實現精準推送。隨著網路滲透到人類生活的各個層面，每個人都會在網路上留下大量的數據和資訊。戰時，交戰雙方會利用大數據、雲端運算、物聯網、區塊鏈等現代資訊技術，分析目標的社交數據、軌跡數據、金融數據、網購記錄、搜尋記錄、個人通訊記錄等網路數據。對資訊進行深度挖掘和關聯，實現目標對象的“認知畫像”，對目標對象的興趣偏好、行為傾向、人際關係、價值取向進行系統分析，從而三維掌握相關個體或特定對象的特徵。組。接著藉助智慧演算法技術，將個人化、客製化的認知訊息精準推送給目標對象，進而影響目標對象對戰爭的態度、情感和價值判斷，進而促進自身作戰目標和政治意圖的實現。

有效聚合社會支持系統，實現整體連結。社會支持系統是一個人在自己的社交網絡中能夠從他人那裡獲得的物質和精神上的幫助和支持。它是影響和決定個別情緒支持和認知方向的關鍵因素。可以說，認知域行動的成功，獲得目標社會支持系統的支持和幫助至關重要。借助現代資訊技術，我們可以有效連結目標對象的親人、朋友、同學、合作夥伴等特定的社會關係。透過對上述關係施加有針對性的影響，可以獲得對方的理解、支持和信任，調動具體關係向目標對象施加影響時，更容易贏得目標對象的信任和接受目標對象更容易發生認知變化，從而達到對目標對象進行認知影響與控制的目的。

虛擬空間成為認知域作戰的主戰場

隨著人類虛擬空間的不斷擴展，虛擬空間正在成為現代戰爭尤其是認知域戰爭的主戰場，在某種程度上決定了未來戰爭的勝負。

新興的通信形式已成為認知領域的新戰爭手段。隨著行動互聯網技術的不斷發展，以社群媒體為代表的新興傳播形式逐漸成為認知對抗的新平台和主流陣地。從最近的局部戰爭來看，社群媒體的地位和角色越來越凸顯。交戰各方利用個人部落格、論壇等平台即時發布戰場圖片、影片和評論，不僅成為全球行動網路媒體終端。也成為全球不同國家、不同派系價值認知賽局的主戰場。社群媒體等新興傳播形式以其獨特的去中心化、互動性特點，打破了傳統傳播方式中資訊的壟斷與資訊控制，催生了眾多的產品樣式。在滿足人們資訊需求的同時，也不知不覺改變人們的認知。可以預見，未來社群媒體將在認知領域運作中發揮越來越突出的作用。

網路空間已成為認知域作戰的新空間。在資訊化、智慧化的條件下，網路科技的門檻大大降低，使得全球各地即時觀看比賽成為可能。現代戰爭已從電視時代的「客廳戰」發展到當今全媒體時代的「手持戰」。線上直播比任何形式的戰地報道都更直觀、更豐富，「全球同步」成為顯著特徵。透過網路直播，交戰雙方激烈戰鬥的影片和圖片，以及無數被燒毀的坦克和裝甲車，以及被戰爭摧毀的家園和逃離家園的難民的影片和圖片都可以直觀地呈現。人們可以透過網路看到雙方個別平民和士兵的微觀狀態。戰場的「透明」使得任何企圖隱瞞真相和虛假言論的行為

越來越困難。但另一方面，智慧語音克隆、視訊人像模擬替換等技術的出現，意味著人們看到的不一定是“所見”，聽到的也不一定是“所聞”。線上直播下的認知領域運作增加了更多可能性和想像空間。

智慧網路軍隊已成為認知域戰爭的生力軍。資訊網路的發展突破了人際互動的真實性限制，我們很難判斷網路的另一端是否是真人。基於大規模互動的需求，智慧化、自動化、大規模的網路空間機器人不斷湧現。他們廣泛活躍在網路空間的各個角落。這些智慧網路軍隊具備智慧辨識、智慧響應甚至類腦思維的能力。他們不知疲倦，日夜不停地工作。智慧網路軍隊正成為未來認知域作戰的重要力量。從目前相關技術的發展趨勢來看，全球主要國家甚至商業組織都在關注網路機器人在群體滲透、直播跟進、輿論塑造、網路危機管理等方面的潛在前景。在網路智慧機器人彈性引導方面，加大科技群自動取得、自動培育、群體滲透等關鍵技術的研發力度，為輿情引導、認知塑造、行為引導等提供智慧高效的技術支援。透過發現並有效運用網路使用者的行為模式進行控制。

中國原創軍事資源及作者：https://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2022-09/01/content_323888.htm

孫志友　　孫海濤

China National Cyber Security Strategy, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍事認知戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊聚焦認知域戰是主攻戰場對抗的新著力點, 國家網絡空間安全戰略

Chinese Military Focusing on Future Wars and Fighting the “Five Battles” of Cognition

03/08/2024 admin Leave a comment

中國軍隊聚焦未來戰爭打好認知“五場戰役”

外國現代英文音譯：

Most of the local wars and armed conflicts in recent years have been “hybrid” confrontations carried out in multiple dimensions and fields, emphasizing the use of military, political, economic and other means to implement systematic control in the dimension of comprehensive decision-making, creating all kinds of chaos in the dimension of international communication, and creating various chaos in the dimension of international communication. Conduct targeted strikes in the strategic focus dimension, actively shape the battlefield situation, and seek to seize the strategic initiative. In future wars, in order to successfully fight political and military battles and military and political battles, we should deeply grasp the characteristics and laws of offensive and defensive operations in the cognitive domain and improve our ability to fight the “five battles” well.

Be proactive in cognitive operations, shape the situation and control the situation, and fight proactively. Before the war begins, cognition comes first. With the continuous development and evolution of war forms, the status and role of cognitive domain operations continue to be highlighted. Aiming to win future wars, cognitive deployment should be carried out in advance. Through strategies, information, technology and other means and carriers, the physiological, psychological, values and other cognitive factors of target objects should be affected, intervened and manipulated, and cognitive attack and defense should be used to cover military operations and accurately Efficiently dominate cognitive space. Fully understand the importance of being first, grasp the definition and interpretation power of “narrative” flexibly and autonomously, emphasize pre-emption to win the initiative in the cognitive narrative struggle dimension, create a favorable situation in which legal principles are in hand and morality is on our side, and occupy the moral commanding heights.

Cognitive operations focus on attacking the heart, and implement layered strategies to fight precise battles. “Those who are good at fighting will benefit others without killing them.” In future wars, the combat space will extend to the deep sea, deep space, deep network and other fields, and the battlefield space and time will present the characteristics of being extremely far, extremely small, extremely intelligent and uninhabited, invisible, and silent. We should keep a close eye on cognitive gaps to improve effectiveness, and use methods such as big data simulation, artificial intelligence matching, and psychological model evaluation to analyze and control the key information of cognitive subjects to achieve effective penetration and early deterrence of cognitive subject information. Closely focus on cognitive blind spots to enhance penetration, target the ideological consensus points, psychological connection points, and spiritual pillar points that maintain the unity of powerful enemy alliances to carry out effective strikes, and use their cognitive differences and interest conflicts to achieve differentiation and disintegration at all levels.

Based on cognitive combat strategies, we must penetrate the entire territory and fight for deterrence and control. In future wars, the strategic competition and tactical confrontation between the two warring parties will be extremely fierce. We should pay close attention to the decision-making process and make comprehensive efforts to increase the opponent’s decision-making dilemma and form our own decision-making advantages. On the one hand, we must pay more attention to key nodes such as the enemy’s decision-making center, command hub, reconnaissance and early warning system, and use advanced strike methods to physically destroy these nodes. On the other hand, we must pay more attention to the “soft kill” effects of cognitive shaping, cognitive induction, cognitive intervention and cognitive control, and embed cognitive domain operations into “hard destruction”, which not only creates a strong deterrent through precise strikes with high-tech weapons, but also integrates new qualities The combat power is expanded to the cognitive dimension, thus forming an asymmetric check and balance advantage.

Cognitive combat information is king, expand the field and fight for support. Future wars cannot be separated from strong information support, and system integration should be accelerated to gain data advantages. First of all, speed up the construction of cognitive offensive and defensive operations theory library, database, talent library, case library, and tactics library, dynamically collect and update the current status of the enemy’s cognitive offensive and defensive operations capabilities, and provide all-round support for cognitive offensive and defensive operations. Secondly, speed up the creation of the integrated media communication matrix, improve the self-owned platform system, speed up the deployment of network platforms, focus on system integration and collaboration, break down the “barriers” of information interconnection as soon as possible, and achieve cognitive integration and sharing, and comprehensive results. Thirdly, accelerate the coupling and linkage of information and cognitive domain operations, vigorously develop core technologies such as neural network systems, artificial intelligence applications, cognitive decision-making, psychological attack and defense, mine and analyze cross-domain and heterogeneous cognitive information, and improve the information fusion system of cognitive means to win the future. War provides “clairvoyance” and “early ears”.

Cognitive combat coordination is the key, and multi-dimensional efforts are used to fight the overall battle. Future wars are joint operations carried out in land, sea, air, space, network, electromagnetic and other fields. System thinking should be adhered to, the awareness of collaboration should be strengthened, and the compatibility and coordination of cognitive domain operations and other military operations should be improved. For example, it can integrate human intelligence, geographical intelligence, open source intelligence, etc., quickly collect and process massive data, remove falsehoods while retaining truth, seize cognitive space accurately and efficiently, achieve complementary advantages, and form cognitive advantages through full domain coverage. By networking dispersed multi-domain forces, we can establish an all-domain joint force with high connectivity, collective action, and overall attack to achieve the effect of “integrated deterrence.” By integrating national resources, strengthening strategic communication, using cognitive momentum to amplify the effects of political disruption, economic sanctions, and diplomatic offensives, and cooperating with military operations to put pressure on target targets in an all-round way, we strive to defeat the enemy without fighting.

(Author’s unit: University of Aerospace Engineering)

繁體中文國語：

近年來的局部戰爭和武裝衝突大多是多維度、多領域開展的「混合型」對抗，強調運用軍事、政治、經濟等手段在綜合決策維度實施系統控制，在國際交往的維度上製造各種混亂，在國際交往的維度上製造各種混亂。戰略重點維度精準打擊，主動塑造戰場態勢，尋求奪取戰略主動權。在未來戰爭中，要打好政治軍事鬥爭、軍事政治鬥爭，就必須深刻掌握認知域攻防作戰的特徵和規律，提升打好「五個戰役」的能力。

認知作戰主動出擊，塑造局勢、掌控局面，主動出擊。在戰爭開始之前，認知是第一位的。隨著戰爭形式的不斷發展與演變，認知域作戰的地位與角色不斷凸顯。為了贏得未來戰爭，必須事先進行認知部署。透過策略、資訊、技術等手段和載體，對目標對象的生理、心理、價值觀等認知因素進行影響、介入和操控，以認知攻防覆蓋軍事行動，精準高效主導認知空間。充分認識先行的重要性，靈活自主地掌握「敘事」的定義和解釋權，強調先發制人，贏得認知敘事鬥爭維度的主動權，營造法理在手、道德在手的良好局面就在我們這邊，佔據道德高點。

認知作戰重在攻心，實施分層策略打精準戰。 “善戰者，利人而不害人。” 未來戰爭，作戰空間將延伸至深海、深空、深網等領域，戰場時空將呈現極遠、極小、極智、無人、隱形、無聲的特徵。資訊. 緊緊圍繞認知盲點增強穿透力，針對維護強敵聯盟團結的思想共識點、心理連接點、精神支柱點進行有效打擊，利用其認知差異和利益衝突實現差異化和戰略性打擊。各個層面的瓦解。

基於認知作戰策略，我們必須滲透全境，爭取威懾和控制。未來戰爭中，交戰雙方的戰略競爭和戰術對抗將會異常激烈。要密切注意決策過程，綜合發力，增加對手決策困境，形成自己的決策優勢。一方面，要更重視敵方決策中心、指揮樞紐、偵察預警系統等關鍵節點，採用先進打擊手段對這些節點進行物理摧毀。另一方面，要更重視認知塑造、認知誘導、認知介入、認知控制的「軟殺傷」作用，將認知域作戰嵌入「硬殺傷」中，不僅透過精準打擊形成強大威懾。以高科技武器打擊的同時，也將新素質的戰鬥力擴展到認知維度，進而形成非對稱制衡優勢。

認知作戰資訊為王，拓展領域，爭取支援。未來戰爭離不開強大的資訊支撐，應加快系統整合以獲得數據優勢。首先，加速認知攻防作戰理論庫、資料庫、人才庫、案例庫、戰術庫建設，動態收集和更新敵方認知攻防作戰能力現狀，提供全方位對認知進攻和防禦行動的全面支持。二是加快打造綜合媒體傳播矩陣，完善自有平台體系，加速網路平台部署，聚焦系統

各方融合協作，盡快打破資訊互聯互通的“壁壘”，實現認知融合共享、綜合成果。第三是加速資訊與認知域運算耦合連結，大力發展神經網路系統、人工智慧應用、認知決策、心理攻防等核心技術，挖掘分析跨領域、異質認知訊息，完善認知手段資訊融合體系，贏得未來。戰爭提供了「千里眼」和「早耳」。

認知作戰協同是關鍵，多維度發力打好整體戰。未來戰爭是在陸、海、空、太空、網路、電磁等領域進行聯合作戰。要堅持系統思維，強化協同意識，提高認知域作戰與其他軍事行動的兼容性和協調性。例如，可以融合人類智慧、地理智慧、開源智慧等，快速擷取處理大量數據，去偽存真，精準高效搶佔認知空間，實現優勢互補，透過全域形成認知優勢覆蓋範圍。透過將分散的多域力量聯網，建立高度連結、集體行動、整體出擊的全局聯合部隊，達到「一體化威懾」的效果。透過整合國家資源，加強戰略溝通，利用認知動能放大政治擾亂、經濟制裁、外交攻勢的效果，配合軍事行動，全方位對目標對象施壓，力爭戰勝敵人不戰而屈人之兵。

（作者單位：航太工程大學）

來源：解放軍報作者：楊龍喜編輯：王峰 2022-10-08

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用

Chinese Military Multidimensional Command Post -An Interactive Military Planning Sandbox for Effective Cyber Warfare Operations

03/07/2024 admin Leave a comment

中國軍事多維指揮所－有效網路戰行動的互動式軍事規劃沙箱

The military electronic sandbox is a modern information system platform that can grasp the three-dimensional battlefield space situation, implement efficient command, and support scientific command training. Its core is to use geographical information technology, military simulation technology, advanced display technology, etc. to replace traditional maps and sandbox tools to achieve The integrated display of geographical information and situational information allows commanders to deeply understand the combat environment. With the assistance of the command operation system, it greatly improves the command’s decision-making capabilities and response speed, and improves the quality effect of command training.

The software platform of the military interactive electronic sandbox system is the core of the electronic sandbox system. Its working principle is to access multi-source external data, integrate, process and store data, analyze data based on business needs, and dynamically display data in two or three dimensions. Therefore, the data processing platform is the foundation, and the data access platform and visual display platform are the support. The visual display terminal is the most intuitive cognitive image of the electronic sandbox, including mobile terminals, desktop terminals and large-screen display terminals. Among them, large-screen display terminals can support multi-point infrared touch and are the main form of human-computer interaction.

1. System introduction

In military applications, electronic sandbox systems are generally deployed in fixed command centers or mobile command posts. They are an important part of the command training system. Their basic functions are two- and three-dimensional geographic information display and battlefield simulation.

In order to achieve the effect of stable integration of the electronic sandbox and the real environment, for example, a multi-channel interactive system is constructed based on multi-AI methods to provide commanders with a more efficient and natural interaction method, thereby improving the commander’s command efficiency. Achieve full-element, multi-category, multi-level, and multi-granularity three-dimensional real-scene holographic display, provide commanders with intuitive and realistic battlefield situation elements, and provide the ability to observe the situation from multiple perspectives and directions, helping to grasp the overall situation and ensure the smooth operation of combat missions Complete it in time to improve combat effectiveness. The military plotting electronic sandbox is based on natural interaction (including voice, movement, gesture, line of sight, etc.), augmented reality, collaborative plotting and other technologies, and allows commanding combatants with different roles to conduct virtual and real interactions and collaborative discussions in real command posts. , jointly plotting, formulating plans, etc. to provide technical support, which will become a strong driving force for the leapfrog development of electronic sandboxes.

The multi-dimensional interactive military plotting electronic sandbox developed by a company is based on a practical perspective and is compatible with the terrain description function of the traditional physical sandbox and inherits the geographical information display function of the traditional electronic sandbox. It is oriented to the combat and training needs of senior commanders and focuses on achieving Through the interconnection of the electronic sand table and other operating seats in the command center, a set of intelligent interactive command and training operating platforms are designed and proposed for command operations during wartime and for drills and drills in peacetime.

During wartime, the electronic sand table serves as the display and control terminal for the commander to command operations. It integrates the support information of combat elements at each operating seat, receives battlefield information in real time, displays two- and three-dimensional battlefield situation maps, and provides basic auxiliary means such as plotting, measurement, and calculation. At the same time, it is based on data Mining and artificial intelligence technology provide the commander with a combat plan that can be intelligently learned and adjusted and conduct deduction simulations to assist the commander in making combat decisions. In normal times, the electronic sand table serves as the command and control terminal for the chief’s training exercises. It has the functions of scenario setting and training guidance, and supports data recording, auxiliary evaluation, review deduction and historical data query in the entire process of training scenarios from formulation, deployment to training. At the same time, it can also be used as a research platform for personnel exchange and training in the command center and a service platform for the release, display, and application of military intelligence information.

The multi-dimensional interactive military plotting electronic sand table developed by a company is based on a two-dimensional geographical information platform and a three-dimensional digital earth, combining multimedia display and control technology, simulation visualization technology, network communication technology, massive data management technology and multi-touch technology. A new two- and three-dimensional interactive military simulation and simulation integrated platform.

The software platform is the core of the electronic sandbox system. Its working principle is to access multi-source external data, integrate, process and store data, analyze data based on business needs, and dynamically display data in two or three dimensions. Therefore, the data processing platform is the foundation, and the data access platform and visual display platform are the support. The visual display terminal is the most intuitive cognitive image of the electronic sandbox, including mobile terminals, desktop terminals and large-screen display terminals. Among them, large-screen display terminals can support multi-point infrared touch and are the main form of human-computer interaction.

Working principle diagram of military interactive electronic sandbox system

(1) Infrastructure layer

The infrastructure layer is the basic environment that supports system operation, including graphics workstations, storage devices, computing devices, network devices, display devices, operating systems, etc. It provides a unified, high-speed, and secure basic network and host operating platform for the prototype system.

(2) Basic service layer

The basic service layer is the data resource carrying and basic service providing layer of the system. It supports the platform application layer and provides basic functions such as database management system, communication manager, and specific engines. On this basis, it develops and provides business-related basic services. Core services include geographical information services, data access services, situation display services, simulation deduction services, interconnection services, military marking services, etc. Service types can be customized and developed according to needs to meet the needs of different business applications.

(3) Platform application layer

Including business platform and user-oriented application plug-ins. The business platform includes a data access platform, a data processing platform, and a visual display platform.

(4) Data access platform

It is used to access, process, store and distribute various types of information and build a customized professional military intelligence database. Specifically, it is able to receive data from different sources, formats, and characteristics on combat processes, comprehensive support, geographical information, simulations, and other data, and integrate them logically or physically to provide information for situation display, combat discussions, command decisions, training evaluation, etc. Different applications provide data support. In peacetime, all kinds of basic military information, such as equipment information, personnel information, position information, target information, combat plans, etc., are collected, processed into a data format that can be called by the data processing platform, and saved in the form of local storage or cloud storage; During wartime, the meteorological and hydrological, electromagnetic environment, geographical environment, and humanistic environment data from each operating seat of the command center, the real-time location and attributes of personnel and equipment on the battlefield, Beidou information, video information, etc. are accessed in real time and processed into a data processing platform. The data format of the call.

(5) Data processing platform

With geographical information data as the background, various types of data from the data access platform are received or called, and a situation map is constructed to realize the visualization of the enemy’s situation, our situation, battlefield environment, target analysis, action progress, plotting and intervention process. On this basis, it provides standardized interfaces to achieve effective data connection with other systems, ensures function expansion and access to other systems, supports customized development of business application plug-ins, and provides support for the expansion of combat command business. In peacetime, based on the accumulated data, a simulated battlefield situation is constructed, combat plans and plans are formulated, exercises, training and simulations are conducted, and relevant results are stored in the data access platform for use in wartime.

(6) Visual display platform

Based on the independent 3D simulation engine, real-time rendering generates a 3D battlefield environment that is consistent with the combat and training areas. It uses structured data technology and flexible and editable logical data models to realize “layered” information data fusion display and output, and realizes multiple Click on infrared touch control and voice control, etc.

(7) Platform plug-ins

Relevant plug-ins are designed to meet the needs of operational planning, including functional plug-ins for data connection and management, process analysis and display, and program deduction and evaluation. They are customized to realize the connection and comprehensive management of operational planning business data. A “one picture” comprehensive display of the battlefield environment and battlefield situation during the combat process, as well as a comprehensive simulation deduction and display of various plans for reconnaissance, troop operations, battlefield defense and fire strikes involved in the combat process.

3. System composition

(1) Data engine

1. Diverse data

Supports massive, multi-source data processing, mainly including: images, vectors, DEM, 3D models, sea maps, land maps, aerial maps, etc.;

2.Data update

Supports rapid updating of multi-level mixed-precision geographical data;

3.Data distribution

Support data distribution based on C/S mode and quickly build electronic sandbox;

4.Data access

Supports distributed deployment and access of massive data from multiple sources, and can access cloud data.

(2) Comprehensive display and control

1.Full space expression

Supports full-space, multi-view, and multi-granularity simulation visual expression;

2. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional integration

Supports two- and three-dimensional integrated visual expression;

3.Multi-touch

Support new human-computer interaction methods based on multi-touch technology;

4. Interactive annotation

Supports interactive annotation of 3D models, landmarks, paths, regions, 360 panoramas and mounting of multimedia information.

(3) Sand table situation

1. Situation visualization

Supports multi-target and multi-batch battlefield situation visualization, and has functions such as scene saving and playback;

2. Diverse data sources

Compatible with multi-source surveillance data such as GPS, Beidou, radar, and AIS, and has an expandable data interface;

3. Editing and deduction

Supports 2D and 3D integrated editing and deduction of situational scenarios;

4. Situation special effects library

It has a rich library of battlefield simulation effects such as flame, explosion, smoke, infrared, electromagnetic, and radar.

(4) Military standard drawing

1. Collaborative plotting

Supports multi-person and multi-client synchronous and asynchronous collaborative military plotting;

2. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional plotting

Supports 2D and 3D simultaneous plotting and editing of military standards;

3. Sketch drawing

Supports intelligent recognition and plotting of sketches;

4.Same screen plotting

Supports multi-person 3D model plotting and editing on the same screen;

5. Military standard deduction

It has the function of 2D and 3D military standard situation deduction.

(5) Simulation engine

1. Natural environment simulation

Professional game-level rendering, supporting natural environment simulations such as three-dimensional clouds, fog, rain, snow, seawater, etc.;

2. Meteorological numerical simulation

Supports efficient processing, analysis and numerical simulation of large-scale, multi-source battlefield meteorological environment data;

3. Simulation deduction

Use human-computer interaction to deploy and perform deductions on deduction targets, and can expand simulation algorithms and combat rules;

4.Effectiveness evaluation

Supports assessment of operational effectiveness.

(6) Collaborative discussion

1. Electronic whiteboard

Distributed collaborative discussion and plotting based on electronic whiteboard, supporting conventional graphics, military standards, multimedia files, etc.;

2. Video conferencing

It has conference room mode collaborative discussion functions based on text, voice, and video communication to improve communication efficiency;

3. File sharing

Supports file sharing such as txt, PPT, PDF, picture files, compressed files, videos, etc.

(7) Software and hardware integration

Supports perfect integration with desktop interactive hardware;

Supports perfect integration with multi-touch hardware;

Support integration with video conferencing system hardware;

Support cross-platform applications.

(8) Key functional indicators

It has the display effects, fault simulation, and data connection functions of the existing aviation police information reconnaissance system; it has the functions of world sea and air area division display and air defense identification zone;

Have the ability to quickly configure existing business data into learning resources, and quickly configure learning resources and learning duration based on professional knowledge learning templates;

It has a variety of preset scenarios for sand table deduction and a variety of countries, including the United States, India, Japan and other countries;

Supports multi-source massive data storage, processing and update functions.

(9) Advantages and Features

1. Complete industry solutions

The electronic sandbox solution involves sandbox data processing, import, update, sandbox information sharing, collaborative work, command decision-making, military plotting, simulation, sandbox deduction and other related contents. The functions remain relatively independent and can be customized according to user needs. Professional solutions to meet the diverse needs of users;

2. Massive data management capabilities

Geographic information data is the core of the electronic sandbox. The data engine can store, process and update multi-source and massive geographical information data, supports distributed deployment of data, can access cloud data, and provides low-cost and efficient methods for the construction of sandboxes. Data Sources;

3. Integrated application

It achieves the perfect combination of software and hardware integration, supporting multiple hardware platforms such as multi-touch screens, command and control stations, circular projection screens, dedicated display and control stations, production monitoring platforms, etc.; the software realizes two- and three-dimensional integrated applications. , and integrates video conferencing, network communication, military plotting and other functions, it is a multi-functional comprehensive electronic sandbox system;

4. Good openness and compatibility

The system architecture is reasonably designed, has a good organizational structure and an easy-to-use development interface; it has good compatibility with hardware, can carry out secondary development and function expansion, and can be quickly integrated with other software systems.

4. Conclusion

With the deepening of informatization construction, the sources and types of information are increasingly expanding, and decision-making support methods are constantly enriched. According to the needs of combat training and command decision-making of various services and arms, a complete set of command decision-making analysis, mission deduction and situation display has been established. A functional electronic sandbox system has become a top priority. In response to the needs of BD, this electronic sandbox system developed by a certain company has intuitive comprehensive situation display, rich and diverse interactive methods, flexible combat data access, complete functions and expansion, which can meet the commander’s operational command and command training needs.

Traditioanl Mandarin Chinese:

軍事電子沙盤是掌握立體戰場空間態勢、實施高效指揮、支撐科學化指揮訓練的現代化資訊系統平台，其核心是利用地理資訊科技、軍事模擬技術、先進顯示技術等，取代傳統地圖、沙盤工具，實現地理資訊、態勢資訊整合顯示，讓指揮人員深刻理解作戰環境，在指揮作業系統的輔助下，大幅提升指揮輔助決策能力與反應速度，提升指揮訓練的品質效應.

軍用互動式電子沙盤系統的軟體平台是電子沙盤系統的核心，其工作原理是接入多來源外部數據，融合處理和儲存數據，基於業務需求分析數據，二維動態展示數據。因此，資料處理平台是基礎，資料接取平台和視覺化顯示平台是支撐。視覺化顯示終端機是電子沙盤最直覺的認知形象，包括行動端、桌面端和大螢幕顯示端。其中大螢幕顯示終端可支援多點紅外線觸控，是實現人機互動的主要形式。
一、系統簡介
在軍事應用中，電子沙盤系統一般部署在固定指揮中心或機動指揮所，是指揮訓練系統的重要組成部分，其基本功能是二三維地理資訊展示和戰場模擬。

為達到電子沙盤與真實環境穩定融合的效果，例如基於多AI的方法建構多通道互動系統，為指揮人員提供更有效率、更自然的互動方式，進而提高指揮人員的指揮效率。實現全要素、多種類、多層級、多粒度的三維實景全像展現，為指揮者提供直覺逼真的戰場態勢要素，提供多視角多方位觀察態勢的能力，有助於掌握全局，確保作戰任務的順利及時完成，提升作戰效能。軍事繪標電子沙盤是以自然互動（包括語音、動作、手勢、視線等）、擴增實境、協同標繪等技術為基礎，為不同角色的指揮作戰人員在真實指揮所中進行虛實互動、協同研討、共同標繪、制定方案等提供技術支撐，將成為電子沙盤跨越式發展的強勁動力。
某司研發的多維互動式軍事繪標電子沙盤從實戰角度出發，在兼容傳統物理沙盤地形描述功能、繼承傳統電子沙盤地理資訊顯示功能的基礎上，面向高級指揮人員的作戰、訓練需求，重點實現電子沙盤和指揮中心其他操作席位的互聯互通，設計提出了一套戰時用於指揮作戰、平時用於演訓演練的智能化互動式指揮訓練作業平台。
戰時，電子沙盤作為首長指揮作戰的顯控終端，融合各操作席位作戰要素保障信息，實時接收戰場信息，顯示戰場二三維態勢圖，提供標繪、測量、計算等基礎輔助手段，同時基於數據挖掘、人工智慧技術，為首長提供可智慧學習調整的作戰預案並進行推演仿真，輔助首長定下作戰決心。平時，電子沙盤作為首長演訓演練的指控終端，具備想定設定、訓練導調功能，支援訓練想定從制定、部署到訓練全過程的資料記錄、輔助評估、複盤推演及歷史資料查詢。同時也可作為指揮中心機關部隊人員交流、訓練的研究平台及部隊軍情資訊發布、展示、應用的服務平台。
某司研發的多維互動式軍事繪標電子沙盤是基於二維地理資訊平台和三維數位地球，結合多媒體顯控技術、模擬視覺化技術、網路通訊技術、海量資料管理技術及多點觸控技術於一體的新型的二三維互動式軍事模擬與模擬一體化平台。

軟體平台是電子沙盤系統的核心,其工作原理是接入多源外部數據，融合處理和存儲數據,基於業務需求分析數據,二三維動態展示數據。因此，資料處理平台是基礎,資料存取平台和視覺化顯示平台是支撐。視覺化顯示終端是電子沙盤最直覺的認知形象,包括行動端、桌面端和大螢幕顯示終端。其中大螢幕顯示終端可支援多點紅外線觸控,是實現人機互動的主要形式。

军用交互式电子沙盘系统工作原理图

（一）基础设施层

基础设施层是支撑系统运行的基础环境，包括图形工作站、存储设备、计算设备、网络设备、显示设备、操作系统等，为原型系统提供统一、高速、安全的网络和主机运行基础平台。

（二）基础服务层

基础服务层是系统的数据资源承载与基础服务提供层，对上支撑平台应用层，提供数据库管理系统、通信管理器、特定引擎等基础功能，并在此基础上开发提供业务相关的基础服务。核心服务包括地理信息服务、数据接入服务、态势显示服务、仿真推演服务、互联互通服务、军标标绘服务等等，服务类型可根据需求进行定制开发，满足不同业务应用需求。

（三）平台应用层

包括业务平台和面向用户的应用类插件。业务平台包括数据接入平台、数据处理平台、可视化显示平台。

（四）数据接入平台

用于接入、处理、存储、分发各类型信息，构建自定义的专业军情数据库。具体表现为：能够接收不同来源、格式、特点的作战过程、综合保障、地理信息、仿真推演等数据，并在逻辑或物理上有机综合集成，为态势显示、作战研讨、指挥决策、训练评估等不同应用提供数据支撑。在平时，收集各类军用基础信息，如装备信息、人员信息、阵地信息、目标信息、作战方案等，处理为可供数据处理平台调用的数据格式，以本地存储或云存储的形式保存；在战时，实时引接指挥中心各操作席位的气象水文、电磁环境、地理环境、人文环境数据，战场中人员和装备的实时位置及属性、北斗信息、视频信息等，并处理为可供数据处理平台调用的数据格式。

（五）数据处理平台

以地理信息数据为背景，接收或调用数据接入平台的各类数据，构建态势一张图，实现敌情、我情、战场环境、目标分析、行动进程、标绘和干预过程可视化。在此基础上，提供标准化接口，与其他系统实现有效数据衔接，保障功能扩展和其他系统接入，支持业务应用插件定制开发，为作战指挥业务扩展提供支撑。在平时，基于积累的数据构建仿真战场态势，制定作战计划和方案，进行演习训练和仿真推演，相关成果存入数据接入平台，供战时调用。

（六）可视化显示平台

基于自主化三维仿真引擎实时渲染生成与作战及训练区域一致的三维战场环境，运用结构化数据技术及灵活可编辑的逻辑数据模型，实现“图层化”信息数据融合显示及输出，并实现多点红外触摸控制及语音控制等。

（七）平台插件

相关插件是针对作战规划需求进行设计，包括数据引接与管理类、过程分析与展示类以及方案推演与评估类的功能插件，定制实现了作战规划业务数据的引接和综合管理。作战过程中战场环境与战场态势的“一幅图”综合展示，以及作战过程涉及的侦察、部队行动、战场防抗和火力打击各类方案的综合仿真推演与展示。

三、系统组成

（一）数据引擎

1.数据多样

支持海量、多源数据处理，主要包括：影像、矢量、DEM、三维模型、海图、陆图、空图等；

2.数据更新

支持多级混合精度地理数据的快速更新；

3.数据分发

支持基于C/S模式的数据分发，快速构建电子沙盘；

4.数据访问

支持多源海量数据的分布式部署和访问，可以访问云端数据。

(二）綜合顯控
1.全空間表達
支援全空間、多視角、多粒度模擬視覺化表達；
2.二維一體化
支持二維一體化可視化表達；
3.多點觸控
支援基於多點觸控技術的新型人機互動方式；
4.互動式標註
支援三維模型、地標、路徑、區域、360 全景圖的互動式標註和多媒體資訊的掛載。

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三）沙盤態勢
1.態勢可視化
支援多目標、多批次戰場態勢視覺化，並具備場景的保存、回放等功能；
2.多樣化資料來源
相容於 GPS、北斗、雷達、AIS 等多源監視數據，並具備可擴展數據介面；
3.編輯與推演
支持態勢場景的二維一體化編輯與推演；
4.態勢特效庫
具備火焰、爆炸、煙霧、紅外線、電磁、雷達等種類豐富戰場模擬效果庫。

（四）軍標標繪
1.協同標繪
支援多人多客戶端同步和非同步協同軍事標繪；
2.二三維標繪
支援軍標的二立體同步標繪和編輯；
3.草圖示繪
支援草圖智慧識別標繪；
4.同畫面標繪
支援多人同屏三維模型標繪和編輯；
5.軍標推演
具備二三維軍標態勢推演功能。

（五）仿真引擎
1.自然環境仿真
專業的遊戲級渲染，支援立體雲、霧、雨、雪、海水等自然環境模擬；
2.氣象數值模擬
支援大尺度、多源戰場氣象環境資料的高效處理、解析和數值模擬；
3.仿真推演
以人機互動的方式對推演目標進行部署、推演，可擴展模擬演算法與作戰規則等；
4.效果評估
支援對作戰效果的評估。

（六）协同研讨

1.电子白板

基于电子白板的分布式协同研讨和标绘，支持常规图形、军标、多媒体文件等；

2.视频会议

具备基于文字、语音、视频通讯的会议室模式协同研讨功能，提高沟通效率；

3.文件共享

支持 txt、PPT、PDF、图片文件、压缩文件、视频等文件共享。

（七）軟硬體一體化
支援與桌面互動硬體的完美結合；
支援與多點觸控硬體完美結合；
支援與視訊會議系統硬體的整合；
支援跨平台應用程式。
（八）關鍵功能指標
具備現有航警資訊偵察系統的顯示效果、故障模擬、資料引接功能；具備世界海空區域劃分顯示、防空識別區功能；
具備將現有業務數據，基於專業的知識學習模板，快速配置成學習資源、快速配置成學習資源和學習時長的能力；
具備沙盤推演預置多種場景，多種國別，包括美國、印度、日本等等國家；
支援多源海量資料儲存、處理和更新功能。
（九）優勢特色
1.完整的行業解決方案
電子沙盤解決方案涉及沙盤資料的處理、導入、更新、沙盤資訊共享、協同工作、指揮決策、軍事標繪、模擬模擬、沙盤推演等相關內容，功能之間保持相對獨立，可根據用戶需求定制個性化的解決方案，滿足使用者多樣化的需求；
2.海量資料管理能力
地理資訊數據是電子沙盤的核心，資料引擎可對多源、海量的地理資訊數據進行儲存、處理和更新，支援資料的分散部署，能夠存取雲端數據，為沙盤的建置提供低成本、高效的數據來源；
3.一體化應用
實現了軟體與硬體一體化的完美結合，支援多點觸控螢幕、指揮控制台位、環形投影幕、專用顯控台位、生產監控平台等多種硬體平台；軟體實現了二維一體化應用，並且整合了視訊會議、網路通訊、軍事標繪等功能，是一款多功能綜合性電子沙盤系統；
4.良好的開放性和相容性
系統架構設計合理，具有良好的組織結構和易用的開發介面；具備與硬體良好的兼容性，可進行二次開發和功能擴展，能夠與其它的軟體系統快速整合。
四、結束語
隨著資訊化建設的深入，資訊來源與種類的日益擴展，決策支援手段的不斷豐富，針對各軍兵種作戰訓練、指揮決策的需要，建立一套具備完整的指揮決策分析、任務推演及態勢展示功能的電子沙盤系統成為當務之急。針對BD需求，某司研發了的這套電子沙盤系統具備綜合態勢展示直觀、交互手段豐富多樣、作戰數據引接靈活、功能齊全兼具擴展，可滿足首長的作戰指揮和指揮訓練的使用需求。

Citation: Wang Xue, Ju Xiaojie, Wang Duo, et al. Design of military interactive electronic sandbox system for actual combat

中國軍事資源：https//www.81it.com/2024/0103/14888.html

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 智慧戰爭

中國軍隊發展智慧指揮資訊系統分析

03/06/2024 admin Leave a comment

Chinese Military Analysis of Developing Intelligent Command Information Systems

資料來源：解放軍報作者：李建平紀鳳珠李琳責任編輯：王鳳 2022-08-09 12:OO

外文音譯：

Introduction

The era of intelligent warfare has begun. Command information systems with intelligent characteristics will become the “central nerve” of future intelligent combat command and the supporting means for intelligent combat command and control. Accelerating the construction of intelligent command information systems is an inherent requirement for the development of military intelligence. Only by clarifying the essentials of the development of intelligent command information systems, grasping the key points of research and development of intelligent command information systems, and exploring the key points of the development of intelligent command information systems can we better develop Promote the construction and development process of intelligent command information systems and win the opportunity to win future intelligent operations.

Clarify the essentials of the development of intelligent command information systems

Intelligent command information systems are an inevitable choice for the development of information-based and intelligent warfare. They are the inevitable result of the development of the scientific and technological revolution, and are also the demands of the times for the development of military intelligence. Clarifying the essence of the development of intelligent command information systems will help to grasp the direction of the construction of intelligent command information systems and establish long-term goals for system development.

Promote the intelligent evolution of warfare. In future intelligent operations, the battlefield situation will change rapidly and the battlefield environment will be complex and harsh. If you want to take the initiative on the battlefield, “intellectual power” will become the new commanding heights, and intelligent command information systems will undoubtedly be an important support for future combat command and operations. Its intelligent development can promote the evolution of warfare into intelligence, and is an important basis for intelligent warfare to gain the upper hand and seek victory.

Support intelligent innovation of combat concepts. Future intelligent operations require corresponding combat command concepts, and the intelligent command information system is an important basis for the practical application of combat command concepts and the soil for the innovation and development of intelligent combat command concepts. New concepts of intelligent combat command such as human-machine hybrid command grouping, data-driven command activities, open development command model, and intelligent concentrated command process are all inseparable from the support of intelligent command information system. Intelligent command information system will serve as a human The extension of the brain breaks through the physiological limits of the human body and realizes the organic integration of combat command art and intelligent technology.

Promote intelligent transformation of combat methods. The widespread application of artificial intelligence technology in the military field has caused major changes in the mechanism of combat victory. Intelligence surpasses firepower and information power and has become the primary factor in determining the outcome of a war. The construction and development of intelligent command information systems will promote the transformation of combat methods to intelligence, making the combat methods transform from the “combat network + precision guided weapons” in the information age to the “intelligent Internet of Things + manned/unmanned combat platforms” in the intelligent age. The combat style has accordingly evolved from “network-centric warfare” to “cognition-centric warfare”.

Seize the key points of research and development of intelligent command information system

The command information system is a product of the era of informationized warfare. With the rapid development of military intelligence and the research and practical application of intelligent combat winning mechanisms, the intelligent upgrade and construction of the command information system is urgent. The key points of functional research and development should be highlighted to create a new intelligent command information system.

“Super brain” assisted decision-making. In future intelligent operations, the amount of battlefield information data will be huge and complex. Commanders will easily fall into the “information ocean” during the command process, leading to information confusion and affecting command decisions. With the emergence of intelligent auxiliary decision-making technology and “cloud brain” and “digital consultants”, a new decision-making model based on “human brain + artificial intelligence” collaboration is quietly taking shape. The intelligent command information system will break through the limits of human intelligence, serve as an extension of the human brain, assist commanders in their work, and develop war decision-making from pure human brain decision-making to super-brain command decision-making of “human brain + artificial intelligence”.

“Full-dimensional” situational awareness. In future intelligent operations, the space will be multi-dimensional, the forces will be diverse, the styles will be diverse, and the pace will accelerate. Comprehensive and flexible grasp of the battlefield situation will become the basis for commanders’ decision-making. Multi-domain integration, intelligent and dynamic presentation of the full-dimensional battlefield situation will become the construction and development of command information systems. Necessary requirement. The command information system’s perception, understanding, fusion and prediction of battlefield situations such as target identification, threat level estimation, combat action prediction and future battle situation prediction are expanding from land, sea, air, space, electromagnetic, network and other spaces. to the cognitive domain and social domain to achieve “full-dimensional” situational awareness.

“Intelligent” network communication. In the future, intelligent operations will use a large number of intelligent command and control platforms and intelligent weapon platforms, and the connection between command and control platforms and weapon platforms must be intelligent information communication systems. Like the nerves and blood vessels of the human body, intelligent information and communication systems play a linking and lubricating role in intelligent operations. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a full-dimensional coverage, uninterrupted intelligent information network to support the connectivity and control of intelligent equipment, and form intelligent optimization of network structure, intelligent reorganization of network invulnerability, and intelligent anti-interference capabilities to ensure intelligent collaboration between platforms Combat and exert the best overall combat effectiveness.

“Unmanned” autonomous collaboration. In recent local conflicts around the world, drones have been widely used and played an important role in determining the direction of the war, which has attracted widespread attention from all parties. Unmanned weapons and equipment are the material basis for intelligent warfare, and have formed subversive combat styles, such as intrusive lone wolf operations, manned/unmanned coordinated system attack operations, unmanned system formation independent operations, and unmanned aerial vehicles. Swarm combat, etc. Although unmanned combat is led by humans, machines are given a certain degree of autonomous action authority in the background, thereby enabling machines to perform unmanned combat operations on the front line. However, the unmanned combat battlefield is changing rapidly, and the destruction of human-machine collaboration will become the norm. The command and control system of the unmanned intelligent equipment platform must be smarter and be able to conduct autonomous coordinated operations according to the combat purpose.

“Active” information defense. Intelligent operations will inevitably face all-dimensional and diverse information attacks from powerful enemies. The level of information security protection capabilities directly affects the outcome of the battle for “intelligence control” on the battlefield, and is a key link in the construction of intelligent command information systems. Therefore, we should take the initiative to actively formulate and improve network protection strategies, enrich intrusion detection capabilities and authentication identification methods, strengthen the application of high-tech information security, strengthen the anti-interference and anti-intervention capabilities of various wireless transmission methods, and build and strengthen intelligent traceability response. control capabilities to effectively contain information attacks.

Explore the key points for the development of intelligent command information systems

The development of intelligent command information systems is not only a technological innovation, but also requires further emancipation of minds and updating of concepts. To promote the development of intelligent command information systems, we must change the traditional thinking of adding hardware, building a large “network”, and collecting and storing various types of data. We must break through the inherent hierarchical settings and create an open and service-oriented system to target the needs of intelligent combat command and operations. , explore and study the key points for the development of intelligent command information systems.

Innovative ideas. Adhere to the guidance of innovative thinking concepts, learn from the development ideas of intelligent command information systems of military powers, and explore a development path with its own characteristics based on actual needs. It is necessary to break the traditional “chimney building” approach, adhere to the top-level design and overall planning of the command information system, unify interfaces, protocols and standards, and form an open and sustainable system architecture layout; adhere to the system research and development ideas that combine research, construction and application, and formulate Develop strategies for different stages in the near, medium and long term to standardize the development direction of system construction; adhere to iterative upgrades, optimization and improvement strategies, and continuously improve the intelligence level of command and control, intelligence reconnaissance, communications, information countermeasures and comprehensive support to ensure intelligence The command information system continues to develop healthily.

Concentration is the key. Focusing on the key capabilities of the intelligent command information system is an important basis for intelligent warfare to gather superior intelligence and win with intelligence, and is the key to obtaining “victory power” for intelligent warfare. Algorithms, computing power, and data are not only the intrinsic driving force and support for the development of artificial intelligence, but also the core capability requirements and advantages of intelligent command information systems. The development of intelligent command information systems must adhere to algorithm innovation research to improve the system’s cognitive advantages, speed advantages and decision-making advantages; accelerate the research and development of next-generation computers represented by quantum computers to provide stronger computing power support for intelligent command information systems; Deeply explore the value of deeper and wider dimensions of information in massive combat data resources to seek opportunities for victory.

Gather wisdom to tackle key problems. The construction and development of intelligent command information systems is one of the main projects of military intelligence. It is a multi-domain, multi-disciplinary, multi-department and multi-unit participation project of great integration and linkage. The construction and development of intelligent command information systems must adhere to the spirit of teamwork, collective wisdom, and pioneering innovation, and target strategic and forward-looking fields such as sensors, quantum information, network communications, integrated circuits, key software, big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. Adhere to the promotion of high and new technologies and the demand for intelligent combat, carry out in-depth research and exchanges in multiple fields, multiple levels, and multiple forms, and continue to make breakthroughs, innovations, and iterative upgrades to make the intelligent command information system more complete and smarter.

Collaborative development. To further promote the construction and development of intelligent command information systems, we must fully absorb local advanced technological achievements and integrate into the current trend of world artificial intelligence innovation and development. At present, the world’s artificial intelligence technology is developing vigorously, accumulating strong development momentum and technological advantages. The application of artificial intelligence technology is highly versatile and has broad prospects for the transformation and application of technological achievements. It is an important way to realize the construction and development of intelligent command information systems. It is necessary to study and formulate general technical standards, tear down barriers, break ice, smooth military-civilian cooperation, and achieve shared linkage of technological achievements. It is necessary to cultivate and shape new types of military talents through collaborative training, so that they can continuously adapt to the needs of various positions under intelligent conditions and give full play to the effectiveness of intelligent command information systems.

繁體中文：

介紹

智慧戰爭時代已經開始。具有智慧化特徵的指揮資訊系統將成為未來智慧化作戰指揮的「中樞神經」和智慧化作戰指揮控制的支撐手段。加快智慧指揮資訊系統建置是軍事情報發展的內在需求。只有明確智慧指揮資訊系統發展的要義，抓住智慧指揮資訊系統的研發重點，探索智慧指揮資訊系統的發展要點，才能更好地發展，推動智慧指揮資訊系統的建構與發展。指揮資訊系統智慧化進程，贏得未來智能化作戰的先機。

明確智慧指揮資訊系統發展要領

智慧指揮資訊系統是資訊化、智慧化戰爭發展的必然選擇。它們是科技革命發展的必然結果，也是時代對軍事情報發展的要求。明確智慧指揮資訊系統發展的本質，有助於掌握智慧指揮資訊系統的建構方向，確立系統發展的長遠目標。

推動戰爭智能化演進。未來智慧化作戰中，戰場局勢瞬息萬變，戰場環境複雜惡劣。想要在戰場上佔據主動，「智力」將成為新的製高點，而智慧指揮資訊系統無疑將成為未來作戰指揮與作戰的重要支撐。其智慧化發展可以推動戰爭朝向智慧化演進，是智慧化戰爭佔上風、取得勝利的重要基礎。

支持作戰理念智能化創新。未來智慧化作戰需要相應的作戰指揮理念，而智慧指揮資訊系統是作戰指揮理念實際應用的重要基礎，也是智慧化作戰指揮理念創新發展的土壤。人機混合指揮編組、資料驅動指揮活動、開放式開發指揮模型、智慧化集中指揮流程等智慧化作戰指揮新理念，都離不開智慧指揮資訊系統的支撐。智慧指揮資訊系統將作為人類大腦的延伸，突破人體的生理極限，實現作戰指揮藝術與智慧技術的有機融合。

推動作戰方式智能化變革。人工智慧技術在軍事領域的廣泛應用，引發了戰鬥勝利機制的重大變化。情報超越火力、資訊力，成為決定戰爭勝負的首要因素。智慧指揮資訊系統的建構和發展將推動作戰方式向智慧化轉變，使作戰方式從資訊時代的「作戰網路+精確制導武器」轉變為「智慧物聯網+有人/無人作戰」。智慧時代的「平台」。作戰方式也相應地從「網路中心戰」演變為「認知中心戰」。

把握智慧指揮資訊系統研發重點

指揮資訊系統是資訊化戰爭時代的產物。隨著軍事智慧化的快速發展以及智慧化作戰制勝機制的研究和實際應用，指揮資訊系統的智慧化升級和建設刻不容緩。突顯功能研發重點，打造新型智慧指揮資訊系統。

“超級大腦”輔助決策。未來智慧化作戰中，戰場資訊資料量將龐大且複雜。指揮官在指揮過程中很容易陷入“資訊海洋”，導致資訊混亂，影響指揮決策。隨著智慧輔助決策技術以及「雲端大腦」、「數位顧問」的出現，基於「人腦+人工智慧」協同的新型決策模式正在悄悄形成。智慧指揮資訊系統將突破人類智力的極限，作為人腦的延伸，輔助指揮的工作，發展戰爭決策

從純人腦決策到「人腦+人工智慧」的超腦指揮決策。

「全維度」態勢感知。未來的智慧化作戰，空間將是多維的，力量將是多元化的，風格將是多樣化的，步伐將加快。全面、靈活地掌握戰場情勢將成為指揮官決策的依據。多域融合、全維度戰場態勢智慧化、動態呈現將成為指揮資訊系統的建構與發展。必要的要求。指揮資訊系統對目標識別、威脅等級估計、作戰行動預測、未來戰勢預測等戰場態勢的感知、理解、融合和預測正在從陸、海、空、太空、電磁、網路等空間拓展。向認知域和社交域實現「全維度」的態勢感知。

「智慧型」網路通訊。未來智慧化作戰將大量使用智慧指揮控制平台和智慧武器平台，指揮控制平台和武器平台之間的連接必須是智慧資訊通訊系統。智慧資訊與通訊系統就像人體的神經、血管一樣，在智慧運作中發揮連結與潤滑作用。因此，需要建立全維度覆蓋、不間斷的智慧資訊網絡，支撐智慧設備的連接與控制，形成網絡結構智慧最佳化、網絡抗毀性智慧重組、智慧抗干擾能力，保障智慧設備的智慧化。平台之間協同作戰，發揮最佳的整體戰鬥力。

「無人」自主協作。在近期世界各地的局部衝突中，無人機已廣泛應用，並在決定戰爭走向方面發揮了重要作用，引起各方廣泛關注。無人武器裝備是智慧戰爭的物質基礎，已形成侵入性獨狼作戰、有人/無人協同系統攻擊作戰、無人系統編隊獨立作戰、無人機等顛覆性作戰方式。群體作戰等。雖然無人作戰是由人類主導，但在後台賦予機器一定程度的自主行動權限，從而使機器能夠在前線進行無人作戰行動。然而，無人作戰戰場瞬息萬變，人機協作的破壞將成為常態。無人智能裝備平台的指揮控制系統必須更智能，能夠根據作戰目的進行自主協調作戰。

“主動”訊息防禦。智慧作戰必然面臨強大敵人全方位、多樣化的資訊攻擊。資安防護能力的高低，直接影響戰場「智控」爭奪戰的勝負，是智慧指揮資訊系統建構的關鍵環節。因此，我們應主動出擊，積極制定和完善網路防護策略，豐富入侵偵測能力和認證識別手段，加強資訊安全高新技術的應用，加強各種無線傳輸方式的抗干擾和防介入能力。，建構和強化智慧追溯響應。控制能力，有效遏止資訊攻擊。

探討智慧指揮資訊系統發展重點

智慧指揮資訊系統的發展不僅是技術創新，更需要進一步解放思想、更新觀念。推動智慧指揮資訊系統發展，必須改變傳統的增加硬體、建構大「網路」、採集和儲存各類數據的思維。我們要突破固有的層級設置，針對智慧化作戰指揮與作戰需求，打造開放式、服務化的體系。，探索研究智慧指揮資訊系統發展的關鍵點。

創新的想法。堅持創新思維理念引領，借鏡軍事強國智慧指揮資訊系統發展思路，立足實際需求，探索出一條具有自身特色的發展道路。要打破傳統的「煙囪式建築」做法，堅持

對指揮資訊系統進行頂層設計與總體規劃，統一介面、協定與標準，形成開放、永續的系統架構佈局；堅持研究、建置、應用結合的系統研發思路，制定近、中、長期不同階段的發展策略，規範系統建設的發展方向；堅持迭代升級、優化改進策略，不斷提高指揮控制、情報偵察、通訊、資訊對抗和綜合保障等智慧化水平，確保情報指揮資訊系統持續健康發展。

專注是關鍵。聚焦智慧指揮資訊系統關鍵能力，是智慧戰爭匯集優勢情報、以智取勝的重要基礎，是獲得智慧戰爭「制勝動力」的關鍵。演算法、算力、數據不僅是人工智慧發展的內在驅動力和支撐，也是智慧指揮資訊系統的核心能力需求和優勢。智慧指揮資訊系統的發展必須堅持演算法創新研究，提高系統的認知優勢、速度優勢和決策優勢；加速以量子電腦為代表的下一代電腦研發，為智慧指揮資訊系統提供更強算力支撐。深入挖掘海量作戰資料資源中更深層、更廣維度的資訊價值，尋求制勝先機。

集思廣益，攻堅克難。智慧指揮資訊系統的建置與發展是軍事情報的重大工程之一。它是一個多領域、多學科、多部門、多單位共同參與、高度整合、連結的工程。智慧指揮資訊系統建置發展必須堅持團隊協作、集體智慧、開拓創新的精神，瞄準感測器、量子資訊、網路通訊、積體電路、關鍵軟體、大數據等策略性、前瞻性領域、人工智慧和區塊鏈。堅持高新技術推廣與智慧化作戰需求，多領域、多層次、多形式深入進行研究交流，不斷突破、創新、迭代升級，使智慧化指揮資訊系統更加完善、更有智慧。

協同開發。進一步推動智慧指揮資訊系統建設發展，必須充分吸收本土先進技術成果，融入當前世界人工智慧創新發展趨勢。目前，世界人工智慧技術蓬勃發展，累積了強勁的發展動力和技術優勢。人工智慧技術應用通用性強，技術成果轉化應用前景廣闊。是實現智慧指揮資訊系統建置與發展的重要途徑。要研究制定通用技術標準，破除壁壘、破冰，暢通軍民合作，實現技術成果共享連動。要透過協同訓練培養塑造新型軍事人才，使其不斷適應智慧化條件下各崗位需求，充分發揮智慧指揮資訊系統的效能。

中國國防部資源： http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4917888.html

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, National Defense and Military Modernization, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 軍隊要突顯「高品質」、實現「提速」

軍隊要突顯「高品質」、實現「提速」——軍隊代表探討加速國防和軍隊建設高品質發展

03/05/2024 admin Leave a comment

Chinese Military Ordered to Emphasize “High Quality” and Achieve “Acceleration” – Military representatives discussed accelerating the high-quality development of national defense and military construction

資料來源：解放軍報作者：李建文岳雨彤責任編輯：葉夢圓 2024-03-05 08:12:20

繁體中文國語：

錨定“高品質”，跑動“加速度”

——軍隊代表和委員討論加速國防和軍隊建設高品質發展

■解放軍報記者李建文岳雨桐

萬裡征途正酣，我們又一年追夢。

全國兩會開幕時，軍隊代表反覆提到兩個字：一是“高品質”，二是“加速”。

高品質發展是全面建構社會主義現代化國家的首要任務。如期實現建軍百年奮鬥目標，加速把人民軍隊建設成為世界一流軍隊，是全面建設社會主義現代化國家的戰略要求。

錨定“高品質”，跑動“加速度”。軍隊代表表示，國防和軍隊現代化建設，只有把高品質發展放在首位，加強創新突破，轉變發展理念，創新發展模式，增強發展動力，才能抓住窗口期，加快推進國防和軍隊現代化建設。，確保建軍百年奮鬥目標如期實現。

把握新時代的硬道理

2023年，中國創新動力與發展活力將迸發。 C919大型飛機實現商業飛行、國產大型郵輪完成試航、「神舟」家族太空接力、「奮鬥號」極限深潛…

紮實推動高品質發展，創新驅動累積發展動能，美麗中國走向「新」。軍隊代表一致認為，高品質發展是新時代硬道理。國防和軍隊現代化作為國家現代化的重要組成部分，必須積極落實高品質發展要求，確保國防和軍隊現代化進程與國家現代化進程一致、軍事能力與國家戰略需求一致。

目前，實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標已進入攻堅克難期和壓力增大的衝刺期。軍隊代表深刻體認到，發展速度太慢，品質低落。如期實現建軍百年奮鬥目標，很大程度取決於轉變發展理念、創新發展模式、增強發展動力。只有清醒認識“硬道理”，自覺推動高品質發展，真正把發展方式轉向系統化、內涵式發展，才能推動我軍建設發展品質變革、效率變革、動力變革，不斷提高軍隊建設發展水平。國防和軍隊現代化品質。益處。

推動我軍高品質發展，必須牢固樹立「五個聚焦」戰略引領。多位軍隊代表表示，「五個更加聚焦」為新時代我軍建設確立了戰略指導，明確了發展方向、發展動力、發展方式、發展模式、發展路徑。我們必須糾正一切不符合實戰要求的思想行為，加大創新對戰鬥力增長的貢獻，提高我軍體係作戰能力，提高國防和軍隊建設的精準度，鞏固提高一體化的國家戰略體系和能力。

「一切為了打仗，一切為了勝利。我軍高品質發展必須圍繞著能打仗、打勝仗。」高高強代表表示，軍隊的主要職責是備戰，發展理念要指向戰鬥力建設，最終要落到全面提高打贏能力方面，推動高水平打仗。 ——高質量發展，戰鬥力躍升。

先進的思想造就現代化的軍隊；創新理念，成就輝煌發展。 “近年來，我們強化作戰需求牽引，上高原、下海洋、跨界飛行，系統訓練、系統訓練已成為新常態。” 談起身邊的變化，郝景文代表感慨萬千，“實戰化、創新化、系統化、集約化、融合化這樣的新理念正在融入國防和軍隊建設的方方面面、全過程。”

「在過去的日子裡

多年來，我們堅持打仗、備戰、建設並舉，戰建備一體化的良好局面取得了可喜成果。徐安祥代表表示，黨的二十大報告提出“堅持打仗、備戰”，“邊防建設”不僅是有效履行人民軍隊使命任務的必然要求新時代，也是推動我軍高質量發展、實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標的科學決策。

軍隊各項工作必須以備戰為中心，把高品質發展實際落實到我軍建設全過程各領域。多位陸軍代表表示，近年來，陸軍深化戰備政治工作體系建設，加強認知作戰、人才保障等實際問題研究，嵌入演練訓練，創新戰時政治工作模式，並改善服務和準備。獲勝貢獻率。

深化改革創新需要動力

只有改革者前進，只有創新者強大，只有改革者創新者勝利。

指揮體系精幹高效，規模結構不斷優化，聯合作戰訓練開創新局面，政策制度更加完善……全軍代表們深切感受到，全面實施以來，改革強軍戰略的實施，人民軍隊加快實現「新體制時代」破繭蝶變。

這種情況是令人欣慰和鼓舞的。 “改革創新是我軍發展的強大動力，推動高品質發展，必須用改革創新的方法研究解決問題。” 張紅星代表表示，適應世界軍事發展趨勢和我軍戰略能力發展需要，必須堅持國防和軍事改革深入推進，堅持推動國防和軍隊高質量發展以改革創新精神，使我軍建設發展和戰鬥力生成模式盡快轉向創新驅動發展軌道。

“只有不斷改革創新，才能不斷獲得發展進步的活力。” 劉偉代表表示，我軍的發展史也是一部改革創新史。面對世界新軍事革命的嚴峻挑戰和難得機遇，我們必須堅持把創新放在我軍總體建設發展的核心位置，依靠科技進步和創新提高軍隊素質和戰鬥力。軍隊。

“作為親歷者，我切身感受到近年來軍隊科技創新能力的快速提升。” 吳德偉特派員表示，近年來，他們加強關鍵核心技術研究，推動先進科技加速轉化為戰鬥力。

科技創新是高品質發展的核心動力。有各軍兵種軍隊代表表示，近年來，全軍大力推動訓練轉型升級，探索「科技+」、「網路+」等訓練方法與手段，推動新裝備融合發展。把新力量、新領域納入系統培養，加速新素質戰鬥力生成提高。

高品質發展依賴創新，創新的基礎在於人才。軍學院和科學研究單位代表表示，要深入貫徹新時代軍事教育方針，實施大學優先發展戰略，深化軍事教育改革創新，完善「三化」建設。— 建立新的軍事人才培育體系，提高備戰打仗人才供給能力和供給能力。等級。

以高水準治理推動整體提升

目前，加快我軍戰略能力形成是硬核任務，必須立足全局規劃領域，融入備戰體系，聚焦核心，分解能力指標，繪製任務地圖，制定時間表，逐節點推進，一一解決疑難問題，確保論文

都按時交了，如期返崗了。」張東旭代表說。

實現建軍百年奮鬥目標，有明確的政治方向、戰略方向、實踐方向，根本是提升捍衛國家主權、安全、發展利益的戰略能力。多位軍隊代表表示，改革重塑後，軍隊力量更加多元化、要素更加多元、運作更加複雜。加速建立健全適應資訊化戰爭和履行使命任務要求的新型管理模式，提高國防資源使用效率，提高軍隊建設和使用效率。

戰略管理作為國防和軍隊建設的最高層管理，是管全局、管長遠、管大事的宏觀管理活動。它從頂層規劃和設計軍事資源的投入。軍隊代表表示，加強戰略管理是軍隊管理的樞紐，是推動我軍高品質發展的關鍵。

國家因治而興，軍隊因治而興。黨的二十大報告提出“全面加強治軍”，體現了我們黨對新時代軍隊建設和管理規律的深刻把握。「這幾年，我們著力解決基層官兵的各種急、難、急問題，把官兵的煩惱變成暖心的事。」軍隊代表表示，基層是軍隊一切工作和戰鬥力的基礎，全面加強軍隊治理必須始終堅持依靠基層、建設強基層的寶貴經驗，不斷釋放基層治理活力。

軍事治理根本上就是製度治理。軍事制度越完善，制度執行得越有力，軍事治理就越有效。袁偉代表表示，近年來，不斷推動軍事政策和體制改革，著力把戰爭、建設、準備等各項治理活動納入法治軌道，堅持依法管理和科學治理相統一，增強軍隊建設管理的科學性、有效性。性別。

春天的陽光灑滿大地，戰爭的號角在耳邊迴響。軍隊代表紛紛表示，要堅持把高品質發展放在第一位，強化如期交出歷史答案卷的使命，加快推進新時代強軍鬥爭，全力以赴打好攻堅戰為實現建軍百年奮鬥目標而奮鬥。

（解放軍報北京3月4日電）

外文音譯：

Anchor “high quality” and run “acceleration”

——Army representatives and members discussed accelerating the high-quality development of national defense and military construction

■People’s Liberation Army Daily reporter Li Jianwen and Yue Yutong

The journey of thousands of miles is going strong, and we are pursuing our dreams for another year.

At the opening of the National Two Sessions, two words were repeatedly mentioned by military representatives: one is “high quality” and the other is “acceleration.”

High-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. Achieving the centenary goal of the founding of the army as scheduled and accelerating the building of the people’s army into a world-class army are strategic requirements for comprehensively building a modern socialist country.

Anchor “high quality” and run “acceleration”. Representatives of the military have stated that in the modernization of national defense and the military, only by putting high-quality development first, strengthening innovative breakthroughs, changing development concepts, innovating development models, and enhancing development momentum can we seize the window period, accelerate, and ensure The centenary goal of the founding of the army was achieved as scheduled.

Grasp the hard truth of the new era

In 2023, China’s innovation power and development vitality will surge forward. The C919 large aircraft has achieved commercial flight, the domestic large-scale cruise ship has completed its trial voyage, the “Shenzhou” family space relay, the “Struggle” extreme deep dive…

High-quality development is solidly promoted, innovation drives the accumulation of development momentum, and Beautiful China moves towards “newness”. Military representatives unanimously believe that high-quality development is the last word in the new era. As an important part of national modernization, national defense and military modernization must actively implement high-quality development requirements to ensure that the national defense and military modernization process is consistent with the national modernization process, and military capabilities are consistent with national strategic needs.

At present, the realization of the 100-year goal of the founding of the army has entered a critical period of hard work and a sprint period of increasing pressure. The military representatives are deeply aware that development is too slow, let alone low quality. Achieving the centenary goal of the founding of the army as scheduled depends largely on changes in development concepts, innovation in development models, and enhancement of development momentum. Only by consciously promoting high-quality development with a clear understanding of “hard truth” and truly shifting the development model to systematic and connotative development can we promote quality changes, efficiency changes, and motivation changes in our military’s construction and development, and continuously improve the quality of national defense and military modernization. benefit.

To promote the high-quality development of our military, we must firmly establish the strategic guidance of “Five More Focuses”. Many military representatives said that the “Five More Focuses” have established strategic guidance for the construction of our military in the new era, clarifying the development direction, development motivation, development methods, development models, and development paths. We must correct all thoughts and behaviors that are inconsistent with actual combat requirements, increase the contribution of innovation to the growth of combat effectiveness, improve the combat capabilities of our military system, improve the accuracy of national defense and military development, and consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities.

“Everything is for fighting, everything is for victory. The high-quality development of our army must focus on being able to fight and win wars.” Representative Gao Gaoqiang said that the main responsibility of the army is to prepare for war, and the development concept should be directed towards the construction of combat effectiveness, which should ultimately fall to In terms of comprehensively improving the ability to win, we will promote high-quality development with a jump in combat effectiveness.

Advanced ideas lead to a modern military; innovative ideas lead to brilliant development. “In recent years, we have strengthened the traction of combat needs, going to plateaus, going to the ocean, and flying across borders. System training and system training have become the new normal.” Talking about the changes around him, Representative Hao Jingwen was filled with emotion, “Actual combat, innovation, system, intensiveness, and integration Such new concepts are being incorporated into all aspects and the entire process of national defense and military construction.”

“In the past few years, we have insisted on fighting, preparing for war, and building at the same time, and the good situation of integrating war, construction, and preparation has achieved gratifying results.” Representative Xu Anxiang said that the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed “persisting in fighting, preparing for war, and “Border construction” is not only an inevitable requirement for effectively fulfilling the missions and tasks of the People’s Army in the new era, but also a scientific decision to promote the high-quality development of our army and achieve the 100-year goal of the founding of the army.

All work in the military must focus on preparing for war and effectively implement high-quality development into all areas of the entire process of building our military. Several representatives from the Army said that in recent years, the Army has deepened the system construction of political work in preparation for war, strengthened research on practical issues such as cognitive operations and talent support, embedded in exercises and training to innovate wartime political work models, and improved service and preparation. Win contribution rate.

Need motivation to deepen reform and innovation

Only reformers advance, only innovators are strong, and only reformers and innovators win.

The command system is lean and efficient, the scale and structure are constantly optimized, joint combat training has opened up a new situation, and policies and systems have become more perfect… Members of the military representatives deeply feel that since the comprehensive implementation of the strategy of reform and strengthening the military, the people’s army has accelerated its breakthrough in the “new system era” Cocoon butterfly transformation.

The situation is gratifying and inspiring. “Reform and innovation are a powerful driving force for the development of our military. To promote high-quality development, we must use reform and innovation methods to study and solve problems.” Representative Zhang Hongxing said that to adapt to the world’s military development trends and the development needs of our military’s strategic capabilities, we must persist in The reform of national defense and the military is advancing in depth, and we insist on promoting high-quality development in the spirit of reform and innovation, so that our military’s construction and development and combat effectiveness generation model can be shifted to the track of innovation-driven development as soon as possible.

“Only through continuous reform and innovation can we continue to gain vitality for development and progress.” Representative Liu Wei said that the development history of our army is also a history of reform and innovation. Facing the severe challenges and rare opportunities of the world’s new military revolution, we must insist on placing innovation at the core of the overall construction and development of our military, and rely on scientific and technological progress and innovation to improve the quality and combat effectiveness of the military.

“As a witness, I personally feel the rapid improvement of the military’s scientific and technological innovation capabilities in recent years.” Commissioner Wu Dewei said that in recent years, they have strengthened research on key core technologies and promoted the accelerated transformation of advanced science and technology into combat effectiveness.

Technological innovation is the core driving force for high-quality development. Some military representatives from various services and arms said that in recent years, the entire military has vigorously promoted the transformation and upgrading of training, explored training methods and means such as “technology +” and “network +”, promoted the integration of new equipment, new forces and new fields into system training, and accelerated new Quality combat effectiveness generation is improved.

High-quality development relies on innovation, and the foundation of innovation lies in talents. Military representatives from military academies and scientific research units said that it is necessary to thoroughly implement the military education policy of the new era, implement the priority development strategy of colleges and universities, deepen the reform and innovation of military education, improve the three-in-one new military talent training system, and improve the supply capacity and supply of talent for war preparation and fighting. level.

Use high-level governance to promote overall improvement

“Currently, accelerating the formation of strategic capabilities of our military is a hard-core task. We must base ourselves on the overall situation to plan a domain, integrate into the system to prepare for war, focus on core priorities, decompose capability indicators, draw a mission map, formulate a timetable, and advance node by node, one by one Solve difficult problems to ensure that papers are handed in on time and returned to work as scheduled.” Representative Zhang Dongxu said.

“Achieving the centenary goal of the founding of the army contains clear political, strategic and practical directions. The fundamental thing is to improve the strategic ability to defend national sovereignty, security and development interests.” Many military representatives said that after the reform and reshaping , the military strength is more diverse, the elements are more diverse, and the operation is more complex. We should speed up the establishment and improvement of a new management model that adapts to information warfare and the requirements of fulfilling missions and tasks, improve the efficiency of the use of national defense resources, and improve the efficiency of military force construction and use.

As the highest-level management of national defense and military construction, strategic management is a macro-management activity that manages the overall situation, long-term management, and major events. It plans and designs the investment of military resources from the top level. Military representatives said that strengthening strategic management is the hub of military management and the key to promoting the high-quality development of our military.

A country thrives on governance, and an army thrives on governance. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed “comprehensively strengthening military governance”, which reflects our party’s profound grasp of the laws of military building and management in the new era. “In the past few years, we have focused on solving various urgent, difficult and anxious problems of officers and soldiers at the grassroots level, and turning the troubles of officers and soldiers into heart-warming things.” The representative of the army said that the grassroots level is the foundation of all the work and combat effectiveness of the army, and comprehensively strengthening military governance must always be Persist in relying on the valuable experience of grassroots and building strong grassroots, and constantly release the vitality of grassroots governance.

Military governance is fundamentally the governance of systems. The more perfect the military system is and the more powerful the system is implemented, the more effective military governance will be. Representative Yuan Wei said that in recent years, the continuous advancement of military policy and system reforms has focused on integrating various governance activities of war, construction, and preparation into the rule of law, adhering to the unification of legal management and scientific governance, and enhancing the scientific and effective nature of military construction management. sex.

The spring sunshine fills the earth, and the horn of war echoes in the ears. Representatives of the armed forces have expressed that they must insist on putting high-quality development first, strengthen the mission of handing in historical answers as scheduled, accelerate the struggle to strengthen the army in the new era, and go all out to fight the tough battle to achieve the centenary goal of the founding of the army.

(People’s Liberation Army Daily, Beijing, March 4)

中國國防部資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/qwfb/16290903.html

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知戰, 軍隊「三化」融合聚焦探索戰力生成

軍隊「三化」融合聚焦探索戰力生成

03/05/2024 admin Leave a comment

Integration of “Three Modernizations” within the Chinese Military Focusing on Exploring Combat Effectiveness Generation

【資訊×（火力+機動性）】情報

——「三化」融合中的戰鬥力生成模型分析

●戰鬥力生成模式的轉變不是“你唱我就出現”，而是新戰鬥力因素與原有戰鬥力因素相互作用的過程。這種交互過程會因新戰力因素的不同特性而改變。

●隨著智慧無人武器平台不斷進入戰爭舞台，人工智慧決策和演算法對抗為戰鬥力的生成增添了新的智慧因素。作戰體系的對抗方式也從資訊主導的火力平台轉向以人、網路和機器的群體智慧引發認知對抗，推動「資訊×（火力+機動性）」的戰鬥力生成模式和進化到更高級的「【資訊×（火力+機動性）】」智能。

目前，現代戰爭正處於機械化、資訊化、智能化（以下簡稱「三化」）融合發展的十字路口。探索「三化」融合條件下戰鬥力生成模式的內在規律，對於洞察新的戰爭制勝機制、掌握未來戰場主動權至關重要。權利具有重要意義。

「火力+」的演變：融合

戰鬥力生成模式的轉變不是“你唱我上台”，而是新戰鬥力因素與原有戰鬥力因素相互作用的過程。這種交互過程因新的戰鬥力要素的不同特性而改變。

機械化時代之前的疊加模式。縱觀人類歷史，戰力的生成模式一直以「+」的方式演變。從石器時代人的體力和技能的疊加，到冷兵器時代刀劍穿透力的加成，再到火藥時代火力的注入，再到機械化時代機動性的產生，軍事戰鬥力生成模型遵循疊加法。形成了「體力+穿透力+火力+機動性」的發揮方式。這種以疊加為特徵的戰鬥力生成模式，使人多勢眾的軍隊在戰場上具有壓倒性的優勢。同時，雖然資訊的力量在戰場上一直起著決定性的作用，諸如「知己知彼，百戰不殆」就體現了資訊在古代戰場上的重要性。但由於種種條件，“知己知彼”並不能完全保證“知己知彼”，“知己知彼”則更難。資訊力量成為戰鬥力因素中最不可控的環節，從而在戰鬥力的生成中發揮從屬作用。

資訊時代的資訊乘數模型。網路資訊時代，泛在網路提供了無所不包的訊息，促進了資訊的無所不在。也將人們在資訊互動過程中引入「網路-資訊」空間；而資訊單元的嵌入、智慧微塵的分散、微納感測器的部署，將坦克、戰鬥機、火砲、船等機械系統轉變為「資訊物理」系統。在此過程中，資訊力、火力、機動性跨界鏈接，在戰鬥力的生成方式上產生疊加之外的乘法關係，呈現出「資訊×（火力+機動性）」的新方式。這種以資訊力量為乘數因素的戰鬥力模型，首先是由資訊力量滲透火力和機動性的特徵決定的；其次，資訊力量的地位高於火力和機動性；第三，資訊力的強弱，可能由戰鬥力倍增或負荷銳減決定。這遵循資訊力量的不確定性，取決於資訊與戰場情勢的匹配程度。

智慧時代的智慧指數模型。人類從未停止對戰鬥力生成規律的探索。近年來，隨著智慧無人武器平台不斷進入戰爭舞台，人工智慧決策和演算法對抗為戰鬥效果的生成增添了新的智慧化因素。

文尼斯。作戰系統的對抗方式也從資訊主導的火力平台轉變為基於人、網路和機器的群體智慧所能獲勝的認知對抗，推動「資訊×資訊」的戰鬥力生成模式。（火力+機動性）」並進化到更高級的「【資訊×（火力+機動性）】智能」階段。這種以「智力」為指數因子的戰鬥力生成模式的核心，是從最初的火力、機動性、資訊的對抗走向人類最高層次的對抗——認知對抗。雖然現階段這種戰鬥發電模式尚未大規模應用於實戰，但未來它將成為高強度對抗的主角。其對戰鬥力的影響源自於人工智慧，表現在三個方面：一是把人類從越來越礦山的「資訊困境」中解放出來；其次，賦予無人系統武器自主攻擊和防禦能力；第三，機器學習和演算法最佳化提供了不同於人類指揮和決策的全新解決方案。

「資訊×」的本質：賦能

當機械化時代的火力和機動性遇到物理極限時，資訊就成為戰鬥力產生的穿透性因素。它以訊號、知識和指令的形式穿越物理域、認知域和社會域，產生資訊互動、資訊傳播、資訊力量賦能其他戰鬥力因素等效果。

資訊賦能指揮與控制，將其提升到「藝術+科學」的新高度。傳統戰場上的資訊受到感知、傳輸和處理手段的限制，處於不完整、不準確、非即時狀態。在這種資訊狀態下指揮控制活動的對抗，只能依靠指揮官的策略賦予「藝術」生命力。「三化」一體化條件下，戰場資訊極為豐富，資訊的準確性、完整性、及時性得到大幅提升，從而推動指揮決策從單純的人腦規劃向機器計算、模型優化、規則適應邁上新台階；指揮員減少了因主觀推測或假設信息匱乏，從原來的“現狀”到預測“未來形勢”進入新的預測層面；作戰平台的對抗注入了數學模型計算的計算成分，大大提高了「科學」成分的作戰指揮。

資訊賦能火力，使其走向「精準釋放」新形態。傳統資訊賦能火力，主要為火力單位提供目標的總結資訊。這就是為什麼傳統戰場上需要火力覆蓋、火力延伸和火力壓制的原因。「三化」融合條件下，戰場資訊賦能火力。在追蹤定位目標時，為火力平台提供公分級目標位置資訊和目標運動軌跡等數學資訊；在規劃作戰任務時，指揮官利用泛在網路上資訊的流動和流動，在系統中關聯出最適合執行任務的兵力和武器，形成基於資訊利益相關者的動態“作戰力量圈”，大大減少了系統中的冗餘負荷。作戰系統的運作並實現作戰系統的精確度。匹配; 在火力打擊行動中，火力平台內嵌的信息單元將對比分析目標來襲軌蹟的實時變化信息，以及目標可能採取的躲避策略信息，並結合火力打擊方法，消防平台的時機和策略。，實現目標發現、姿態調整、攻擊時機等全過程「資訊-火力」互動。

資訊賦能移動，引領移動進入「即時存取」的新境界。傳統作戰體系中的機動性主要指陸上平台、海上平台、空中平台的機動速度。受指揮關係、部署區域和反應延遲的影響，平台的機動性往往受到限制。「三化」融合條件下的武器裝備處於即時網路線上狀態，所有武器平台的機動性匯聚成類似「資源池」的東西。當戰鬥系統感知到

外部威脅訊息，距離威脅發生的地方最近。任務規劃系統提取最適合應對威脅、最快感知威脅的武器來執行即時作戰行動。這大大提高了作戰系統的瞬時響應能力。在「匯集」效應下，不同作戰平台的機動性超越了時間、空間和指揮關係的分離，成為「即時可達」機動性的新狀態。

「智慧指數」注入：跨越式變革

戰鬥發電模式中智慧指標的注入「[資訊]戰鬥系統三個面向包括戰鬥結構、計算資源和戰鬥模型。

戰鬥結構的適應性調整會產生情報。「三化」融合條件下的作戰體係是一個基於網路的複雜系統。在這個複雜的系統中，有大量的網路存取節點，用戶連線的特徵是分散。這些特點使得戰鬥系統在運作過程中始終從混亂狀態走向穩定狀態。然後由於外界的刺激，系統的運作狀態出現不平衡，進入新的混沌狀態。系統各要素相互作用、相互連結、相互協調，系統逐漸進入新的穩定狀態。當然，戰鬥系統並不是一個可以自由成長的複雜系統。這種自我一致性或自適應調整不僅來自於指揮官對系統內部隊和武器的決策、任務規劃、行動控制和作戰協調，也來自於每個成員根據自身行動採取的行動。預先商定的規則自主做出相關反應，以及每個成員在依照規則運作的過程中自己學習或演化出的相關規則。戰鬥系統在自洽的過程中，化解相關要素之間的衝突，清除系統中的痛點、斷點、阻塞點，使系統進入融合共生的狀態，激發要素結合產生新的戰鬥力。結構。力量。

計算資源的自適應分配產生智慧。贏的越多，贏的就越少。傳統戰場上的「算計」依賴指揮官的規劃、計畫、預測和策略。它面臨三個問題：一是計算主體是一個或極少數個別指揮官；二、計算過程首先是戰鬥相關資訊的線性疊加；三是計算結果是靜態的、滯後於實際情況的結論。「三化」融合下的戰場作戰系統的運算能力，除了指揮官的心算外，還得益於「雲+邊緣+終端」的運算資源部署模式，即大型雲端運算中心提供強大的高階算力支持，作戰系統邊緣配置的「作戰雲」提供客製化算力支持，內嵌資訊單元的智慧端對感測平台的目標訊號進行初級處理。這種運算資源分配模型很好地適應了戰場資訊豐富、網路傳輸資源有限、不同作戰單位資訊處理需求差異很大的特徵。計算資源和計算任務很好地融合在一起。配對後，指揮官、作戰人員、情報中心、作戰平台等都能得到有效的算力支持，大大增加了戰場上「多重機率勝利」的機率。

戰鬥模型的自適應最佳化會產生情報。人腦對抗中的策略往往會受到人類生理特徵的影響，例如緊張、慣性思考、危險迴避等，這些人性中的「智力缺陷」可以被機器決策有效克服。 2020年8月20日，一名參加美國空軍「阿爾法空戰競賽」的人類飛行員表示，「AI戰鬥機之所以優越，是因為它極具攻擊性。它使用人類飛行員不常用的攻擊方法來進行操作，這讓人類飛行員非常不舒服。” 這足以證明「三化」融合條件下戰場上機器植入的作戰模式與人類指揮官在決策過程中使用的策略有很大不同。機器作戰的另一個特點模型就是它的自學習能力，累積戰鬥經驗的過程可能需要數年時間

人類要完成的事情，智慧機器只需幾十天甚至幾十個小時就能完成。當機器的學習能力超越人類時，演算法的勝利將成為戰場對抗的另一個焦點。然而，戰爭始終是由人類主導的，無論機器進化得多麼先進，這一點都不會改變。因此，設計人為幹預條件下的作戰模型，制定合理的規則，促進機器作戰模型的自適應優化，是未來戰場戰力情報指標競爭的關鍵。

人類以同樣的方式生產，以同樣的方式戰鬥。軍隊的戰鬥力生成模式是時代的產物，必然會深深打上時代的烙印。戰爭形態已進入資訊化、智能化時代。智力因素從過去的加數變成了指數。地位、作用、結構發生了翻天覆地的變化。戰爭勝利機制徹底刷新，「昨天的舊船票」不再登上未來的「客船」。

面對時代巨變，軍隊戰鬥力生成模式的轉變是取得勝利的前提。一流部隊主動掉頭，二流部隊跟隨，三流部隊被迫掉頭。作為一名軍人，要想贏得未來，就必須學會做“桅杆上的瞭望員”，敢於走出思維的“舒適區”和“熟悉區”，主動求變，積極探索，用思想的風暴掃除舊的、僵化的思維。掌控勝利的命脈。

外文音譯：

[Information × (Firepower + Mobility)] Intelligence

——Analysis of the combat effectiveness generation model in the integration of “three modernizations”

●The transformation of the combat power generation model is not “you sing and I will appear”, but a process of interaction between the new combat power factors and the original combat power factors. This interaction process changes due to the different characteristics of the new combat power factors.

●As intelligent unmanned weapons platforms continue to enter the war arena, artificial intelligence decision-making and algorithmic confrontation have added new intelligent factors to the generation of combat effectiveness. The confrontation method of the combat system has also shifted from information-led firepower platforms to human-based and The swarm intelligence of networks and machines leads to a cognitive confrontation that promotes the “information × (firepower + mobility)” combat power generation model and evolves to a more advanced stage of “[information × (firepower + mobility)]” intelligence.

Currently, modern warfare is at the juncture of the integration of mechanization, information, and intelligence (hereinafter referred to as the “three modernizations”). Exploring the inherent laws of the combat power generation model under the conditions of the integration of the “three modernizations” is essential for gaining insight into new war winning mechanisms and mastering the initiative on future battlefields. Rights are of great significance.

The evolution of “Firepower+”: Fusion

The transformation of the combat effectiveness generation model is not “you sing and I come on stage”, but a process of interaction between the new combat effectiveness factors and the original combat effectiveness factors. This interaction process changes due to the different characteristics of the new combat effectiveness factors.

Superposition patterns before the age of mechanization. Throughout the history of mankind, the generation model of combat power has been evolving in a “+” manner. From the superposition of physical strength and skills of people in the Stone Age, to the addition of the penetrating power of swords in the cold weapon age, to the injection of firepower in the gunpowder age, and the generation of mobility in the mechanization age, the generation model of military combat effectiveness follows the superposition method. A display method of “physical strength + penetration power + firepower + mobility” has been formed. This combat power generation mode characterized by superposition gives an army of large numbers an overwhelming advantage on the battlefield. In the meantime, although the power of information has always played a decisive role on the battlefield, such as “know yourself and the enemy, you can fight a hundred battles without danger” reflects the importance of information on the ancient battlefield. However, due to various conditions, “knowing yourself” cannot fully guarantee “knowing yourself” and “knowing the enemy” It is even more difficult. Information power has become the most uncontrollable link in the combat effectiveness factor, thus playing a subordinate role in the generation of combat effectiveness.

Information multiplier model in the information age. In the era of network information, the ubiquitous network provides all-encompassing information and promotes the ubiquity of information. It also draws people into the “network-information” space in the process of information interaction; and the information unit Embedding, the dispersion of smart dust, and the deployment of micro-nano sensors transform mechanical systems such as tanks, fighter planes, artillery, and ships into “information-physical” systems. In this process, information power, firepower, and mobility are linked across boundaries, and a multiplicative relationship in addition to superposition is created in the generation mode of combat power, showing a new method of “information × (firepower + mobility)”. This combat power model in which information power acts as a multiplier factor is determined by, first, the characteristics of information power permeating firepower and mobility; secondly, by the fact that information power has a higher status than firepower and mobility; thirdly, by the fact that information power has It may be determined by the multiplication factor of combat effectiveness or the sharp reduction in load. This follows the uncertainty of information power and depends on the degree of matching between the information and the battlefield situation.

Intelligence index model in the era of intelligence. Humanity has never stopped exploring the laws of combat effectiveness generation. In recent years, as intelligent unmanned weapons platforms continue to enter the war arena, artificial intelligence decision-making and algorithmic confrontation have added new intelligent factors to the generation of combat effectiveness. The confrontation method of the combat system has also changed from information-led firepower platforms to one based on In the cognitive confrontation that can be won by the swarm intelligence of people, networks and machines, it promotes the combat power generation model of “information × (firepower + mobility)” and evolves to a more advanced stage of “[information × (firepower + mobility)] intelligence” . The core of this combat power generation model that uses “intelligence” as an exponential factor is to move from the original confrontation of firepower, mobility, and information to the highest level of human confrontation – cognitive confrontation. Although this combat power generation model has not yet been used in actual combat on a large scale at this stage, it will become the protagonist in high-intensity confrontations in the future. Its impact on combat power originates from artificial intelligence and appears in three aspects: First, it transforms human beings into To be freed from the “information dilemma” that becomes more and more mined; secondly, to give unmanned system weapons autonomous attack and defense capabilities; thirdly, machine learning and algorithm optimization provide brand-new solutions that are different from humans in command and decision-making.

The essence of “information ×”: empowerment

When the firepower and mobility of the mechanization era encounter physical limits, information becomes a penetrating factor in the generation of combat effectiveness. It travels through the physical domain, cognitive domain and social domain in the form of signals, knowledge and instructions, resulting in information interaction, information dissemination, Effects such as information power empower other combat effectiveness factors.

Information empowers command and control, taking it to a new level of “art + science”. The information on the traditional battlefield is limited by the means of perception, transmission and processing, and is in an incomplete, inaccurate and non-real-time state. The confrontation of command and control activities in this information state can only rely on the commander’s strategy to give “art” “Vitality on. Under the conditions of the integration of “three modernizations”, the information on the battlefield is extremely rich, and the accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of the information have been greatly improved, thus promoting command decision-making from pure human brain planning to machine calculation and model optimization. , a new level of rule adaptation; the commander reduces the subjective speculation or assumption due to lack of information, and enters a new level of prediction from the original “current situation” to the prediction of “future situation”; the confrontation of the combat platform is injected with The computational component of mathematical model calculations greatly improves the “scientific” component of combat command.

Information empowers firepower, leading it to a new form of “precise release.” Traditional information empowers firepower, mainly providing firepower units with summary information about targets. This is why fire coverage, fire extension and fire suppression are required on traditional battlefields. Under the conditions of “three modernizations” integration, information on the battlefield empowers firepower. When tracking and positioning targets, it provides the firepower platform with centimeter-level target position information and target movement trajectories and other mathematical information; when planning combat missions, commanders use The flow and flow of information on the ubiquitous network associate the most suitable forces and weapons for the mission in the system, forming a dynamic “combat power circle” based on information stakeholders, greatly reducing the redundant load on the operation of the combat system and achieving the accuracy of the combat system. Matching; during a fire strike operation, the information unit embedded in the fire platform will compare and analyze the real-time change information of the target’s incoming trajectory, as well as information about the evasion strategies that the target may adopt, with the fire strike method, timing and strategy of the fire platform. , to achieve “information-firepower” interaction in the entire process of target finding, attitude adjustment, attack timing, etc.

Information empowers mobility, leading it to a new state of “instant access”. The mobility in the traditional combat system mainly refers to the maneuvering speed of land platforms, sea platforms, and air platforms. Affected by command relationships, deployment areas, and response delays, the mobility of platforms is often limited. Weapons and equipment under the conditions of “three modernizations” integration are in a real-time network online state, and the mobility of all weapon platforms converges into something similar to a “resource pool.” When the combat system senses external threat information, it is closest to the place where the threat occurs. The weapons that are most suitable for responding to threats and the fastest to perceive threats are extracted by the mission planning system to perform real-time combat operations. This greatly improves the instantaneous response capability of the combat system. Under the “pooling” effect, the mobility of different combat platforms transcends the separation of time, space and command relationships, and becomes a new state of “instantly accessible” mobility.

Infusion of “Intelligence Index”: Leap Change

The injection of intelligence index in the combat power generation mode “[Information The three aspects of the combat system include combat structure, computing resources and combat models.

Adaptive adjustment of combat structures generates intelligence. The combat system under the conditions of the integration of “three modernizations” is a complex system based on the network. In this complex system, there are a large number of network access nodes, and the characteristic of user connection is decentralization. These characteristics make the combat system always go from a chaotic state to a stable state during operation. Then due to external stimulation, the operating state of the system is unbalanced and enters a new chaotic state. The interaction of various elements of the system , mutual relations, and mutual coordination, the system gradually enters a new stable state again. Of course, a combat system is not a complex system that can grow freely. This self-consistency or adaptive adjustment comes not only from the commander’s decision-making, mission planning, action control, and combat coordination of the forces and weapons in the system, but also from the actions of each member based on their actions. The pre-agreed rules make relevant responses autonomously, as well as the relevant rules that each member learns or evolves by themselves in the process of operating according to the rules. In the process of self-consistency, the combat system resolves the conflicts between related elements, clears the pain points, breakpoints and blocking points in the system, brings it into a state of integration and symbiosis, and stimulates the combination of elements to produce new structures. force.

Adaptive allocation of computing resources produces intelligence. The more you win, the less you win. “Calculation” on the traditional battlefield relies on the commander’s planning, planning, prediction and strategy. It faces three problems: first, the subject of calculation is one or a very small number of individual commanders; second, the calculation process The first is the linear superposition of combat-related information; the third is the conclusion that the calculation result is static and lags behind the situation. The computing power of the combat system on the battlefield under the integration of “three modernizations”, in addition to the commander’s mental calculations, also benefits from the “cloud + edge + terminal” computing resource deployment model, that is, large cloud computing centers provide powerful high-end Computing power support, the “combat cloud” configured at the edge of the combat system provides customized computing power support, and the intelligent end with embedded information units performs primary processing of the target signals of the sensing platform. This computing resource allocation model is well adapted to the characteristics of the battlefield where information is abundant, network transmission resources are limited, and different combat units have very different information processing needs. Computing resources and computing tasks are well integrated. When matched, commanders, combat personnel, intelligence centers, combat platforms, etc. can all receive effective computing power support, which greatly increases the probability of “multi-probability victory” on the battlefield.

Adaptive optimization of combat models generates intelligence. Strategies in human brain confrontation are often affected by human physiological characteristics, such as nervousness, inertial thinking, danger avoidance, etc. These “intelligent flaws” in human nature can be effectively overcome by machine decision-making. On August 20, 2020, a human pilot who participated in the U.S. Air Force’s “Alpha Air Combat Competition” said, “The AI fighter plane is superior because it is extremely aggressive. It uses attack methods that are not commonly used by human pilots to carry out operations, which makes human pilots very uncomfortable.” “. This is enough to prove that the combat model implanted in the machines on the battlefield under the conditions of “three modernizations” integration is very different from the strategies used by human commanders in the decision-making process. Another feature of the machine combat model is its self-learning ability. The process of accumulating combat experience that may take years for humans to complete can be completed by intelligent machines in only dozens of days or even dozens of hours. When the learning ability of machines surpasses that of humans, algorithmic victory will become another focus in battlefield confrontations. However, wars are always led by humans, and this will not change no matter how advanced the machines evolve. Therefore, designing a combat model under human intervention conditions and formulating reasonable rules to promote the adaptive optimization of machine combat models are the key to the competition of combat effectiveness intelligence index on the future battlefield.

Only by proactively seeking change can we win the times

In the same way that humans produce, they fight in the same way. The military’s combat effectiveness generation model is a product of the times and will inevitably be deeply marked by the times. The form of war has entered the era of informationization and intelligence. The intelligence factor has changed from an addend in the past to an exponential. The status, role and structure have undergone earth-shaking changes. The mechanism for winning wars has been completely refreshed, and “yesterday’s old tickets” can no longer board the “passenger ships” of the future.

Facing the great changes of the times, the military’s transformation of its combat effectiveness generation model is a prerequisite for victory. The first-rate troops took the initiative to turn around, the second-rate troops followed suit, and the third-rate troops were forced to turn around. As a soldier, to win in the future, you must learn to be a “lookout on the mast”, dare to step out of the “comfort zone” and “familiar zone” of thinking, take the initiative to seek change, actively explore, and use the storm of ideas to sweep away the old and rigid thinking. Take control of the lifeblood of victory.

中國軍事資料來源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4888828.html

Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知戰, 軍事認知戰

中國人民解放軍洞察認知戰的演變趨勢

03/04/2024 admin Leave a comment

Chinese People’s Liberation Army Insights into the Evolving Trends of Cognitive Warfare

原始中國軍事繁體普通話：

認知是人們獲取、處理和應用資訊和知識的過程。目前，認知領域逐漸成為競爭新戰場，認知戰逐漸引起各國關注。隨著科技革命的發展和戰爭實踐的擴大，認知戰爭正呈現加速演變的趨勢。

認知技術正成為戰爭演變的基本驅動力。科技改變戰爭形式，也改變認知戰爭方式。如果資訊網路的大規模普及推動了資訊領域成為作戰領域，而數據和網路規模的指數級增長是資訊領域成熟的標誌，那麼認知技術和資訊科技的大規模應用則推動了資訊領域的發展。認知技術的不斷迭代發展將成為驅動認知戰成熟的標誌。未來認知環境、認知感知、認知控制、人工智慧等技術將反映認知技術對社會認知對抗和軍事認知對抗可能產生的變革性影響。人類正進入全民通訊時代，全球網路空間高度互聯。網路已成為國家行為體與非國家行為體全面競爭的戰場。通訊糾紛和通訊戰已成為高強度軍事行動的一部分。目前，世界主要國家紛紛佈局認知技術前沿，展開認知技術競賽。透過建模和分析，尋求滲透和控制人腦網路、資訊網路和社交網路；他們透過深度運算、精算、巧妙運算等方式，最大限度地獲得人們認知世界和認知領域的控制。

認知領域正成為混合戰爭的重要戰場。在智慧時代，人類的溝通方式正在發生複雜而深刻的變化。線下傳播讓位於更多的線上傳播，各類新媒體平台成為大眾了解戰場的主要管道，大型社群平台成為認知博弈鬥爭的主戰場。因此，未來戰爭的作戰領域將持續擴大。空間域將從陸、海、空、天網路擴展到深空、深海、深地，邏輯域將從物理域擴展到資訊域和認知域。戰爭不再局限於傳統戰爭的物理威脅，而是轉向大眾傳播媒體和技術進步所帶來的社會意識威脅。圍繞通訊平台的封鎖與反封鎖、主導與反主導將成為認知戰的焦點。以資訊為彈藥爭奪國際話語權已成為當今認知對抗的主要手段。從混合戰爭的角度來看，思想宣傳灌輸、價值觀文化滲透、傳統輿論心理和法律攻防、資訊網路戰等都成為認知戰的重要面向。混合戰爭可以透過認知戰等綜合賽局手段，達到以小戰甚至不戰而勝的目的。認知領域的攻防將是一場不間斷的常態化鬥爭，戰鬥力將不斷累積並逐步釋放。。

認知優勢正成為高端戰爭的致勝優勢。戰爭中的行為自由是軍隊的命脈。從認知角度來看，對戰場環境和作戰對手的了解越深，行動的自由度就越大，相對優勢就越大。然而，隨著戰爭中作戰資料的指數級增長，指揮官開始面臨資料沼澤、資料迷霧、資料過載的認知困境。擁有資訊優勢並不意味著擁有認知優勢。人工智慧技術的一個重要軍事應用方向是即時處理大量數據，幫助指揮官擺脫認知超載，快速形成認知優勢。在智慧戰爭中，認知優勢將主導決策優勢，決策優勢將主導行動優勢。認知優勢有四個關鍵指標：更強的資訊取得能力、更快的人工智慧機器學習速度、更有效的緊急處置能力、更高的新技術、新製程開發應用能力。

新知識。例如，具有數據驅動智慧傳播新特徵的輿論戰與傳統軍事行動實現了高度協同和融合。這種虛擬與現實作戰相結合的作戰方式比單純的軍事作戰具有更強的戰鬥力，從根本上改變了傳統的作戰方式。改變。認知優勢連結疊加，將加速戰力轉化，成為贏得戰爭的根本優勢。認知理論正在成為博弈贏得戰爭的前線。認知戰是軟實力和硬實力的結合，也是當今時代影響國家安全的重要因素。目前，認知空間中滲透與逆滲透、攻擊與反攻擊、控制與反控制的競爭十分激烈。認知科學理論正進入軍事領域，認知負荷、認知增強、認知免疫、認知顛覆等概念不斷被引入。，在國外認知戰研究領域頻頻出現。外軍認為，認知域是人類戰爭的“第六作戰域”，是大國競爭時代“相互交織的衝突領域”的核心，是未來軍事理論創新的重要方向。顯然，認知戰已成為贏得未來戰爭的戰略制高點。認知理論已成為理論創新的前沿。認知技術將加速認知戰爭，成為智慧軍事革命的重要「引爆點」。隨著認知戰新科技、新理論、新方式的加速孕育，未來戰爭或許將呈現令人驚訝的新局面。

Chinese People’s Liberation Army Insights into the Evolving Trends of Cognitive Warfare

外文音譯：

Cognition is the process by which people obtain, process and apply information and knowledge. At present, the cognitive domain has gradually become a new battlefield for competition, and cognitive warfare has gradually attracted attention from all countries. With the development of the technological revolution and the expansion of warfare practice, cognitive warfare is showing an accelerated evolution trend.

Cognitive technology is becoming a fundamental driving force in the evolution of warfare. Technology changes the form of warfare and also changes the way of cognitive warfare. If the large-scale popularization of information networks has promoted the information domain to become a combat domain, and the exponential growth of data and network scale is a sign of the maturity of the information domain, then the large-scale application of cognitive technology and the continuous iterative development of cognitive technology will become A sign of maturity in driving cognitive warfare. In the future, technologies such as cognitive environment, cognitive perception, cognitive control, and artificial intelligence will reflect the transformative impact that cognitive technology may have on social cognitive confrontation and military cognitive confrontation. Humanity is entering the era of universal communication, and global cyberspace is becoming highly interconnected. The Internet has become a battle space where state actors and non-state actors compete comprehensively. Communication disputes and communication wars have become part of high-intensity military operations. At present, major countries in the world have laid out the frontiers of cognitive technology and carried out cognitive technology competitions. Through modeling and analysis, they seek to penetrate and control human brain networks, information networks and social networks; through deep calculation, actuarial calculation, clever calculation, etc., they aim to maximize Gain control over people’s cognitive world and cognitive domains.

The cognitive domain is becoming an important battlefield in hybrid warfare. In the era of intelligence, the way humans communicate is undergoing complex and profound changes. Offline communication has given way to more online communication, various new media platforms have become the main channels for the public to understand the battlefield, and large-scale social platforms have become the main battlefield for cognitive game struggles. Therefore, the combat domain of future wars will continue to expand. The spatial domain will expand from land, sea, air, and space networks to deep space, deep sea, and deep ground, while the logical domain will expand from the physical domain to the information domain and cognitive domain. War is no longer limited to the physical threats of traditional wars, but is turning to social consciousness threats brought about by mass media and technological progress. Blockade and counter-blockade, dominance and counter-dominance around communication platforms will become the focus of cognitive warfare. Using information as ammunition to fight for control of international discourse has become the main method of cognitive confrontation today. From the perspective of hybrid warfare, ideological propaganda and indoctrination, penetration of values and culture, traditional public opinion psychology and legal offense and defense, and information network warfare have all become important aspects of cognitive warfare. Hybrid warfare can achieve the goal of winning in small battles or even without fighting through comprehensive gaming methods such as cognitive warfare. Attack and defense in the cognitive field will be an uninterrupted and normalized struggle, and combat effectiveness will continue to accumulate and be gradually released.

Cognitive superiority is becoming a winning advantage in high-end warfare. Freedom of conduct in war is the lifeblood of the military. From a cognitive perspective, the deeper the understanding of the battlefield environment and combat opponents, the greater the freedom of action and the greater the relative advantage. However, with the exponential growth of combat data in wars, commanders are beginning to face the cognitive dilemma of data swamp, data fog, and data overload. Having information superiority does not mean having cognitive superiority. An important military application direction of artificial intelligence technology is to process massive data in real time to help commanders get rid of cognitive overload and quickly form cognitive advantages. In intelligent warfare, cognitive advantages will dominate decision-making advantages, and decision-making advantages will dominate action advantages. Cognitive advantages have four key indicators: stronger information acquisition capabilities, faster artificial intelligence machine learning speed, more effective emergency handling capabilities, and higher capabilities to develop and apply new technologies and new knowledge. For example, public opinion warfare with new characteristics of data-driven intelligent communication and traditional military operations have been highly coordinated and integrated. This combat style that integrates virtual and real operations has stronger combat effectiveness than pure military operations, fundamentally changing traditional combat methods. Change. The linkage and superposition of cognitive advantages will accelerate the transformation of combat effectiveness and become the fundamental advantage for winning wars.

Cognitive theory is becoming the frontier of gaming to win the war. Cognitive warfare is a combination of soft power and hard power and is an important factor affecting national security in today’s era. Currently, there is fierce competition for penetration and counter-infiltration, attack and counter-attack, control and counter-control in the cognitive space. Cognitive science theory is entering the military field, and concepts such as cognitive load, cognitive enhancement, cognitive immunity, and cognitive subversion are being introduced. , has appeared frequently in the field of cognitive warfare research abroad. Foreign militaries believe that the cognitive domain is the “sixth combat domain” of human warfare, the core of the “intertwined conflict fields” in the era of great power competition, and an important direction for future military theoretical innovation. Obviously, cognitive warfare has become the strategic commanding heights for winning future wars. Cognitive theory has become the frontier of theoretical innovation. Cognitive technology will accelerate cognitive warfare and become an important “tipping point” for the intelligent military revolution. Since new technologies, new theories, and new styles of cognitive warfare are being incubated at an accelerated pace, perhaps future warfare will take on a surprising new situation.

中國軍事原文來源：https://www.81.cn/yw_208727/10188888.html

Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知戰, 贏得現代戰爭認知領域作戰的關鍵

中國軍隊贏得現代戰爭認知領域作戰的關鍵

03/03/2024 admin Leave a comment

Chinese Military Key to Winning Modern Warfare Cognitive Domain Operations

縱觀現代戰爭，認知博弈已成為攻防的焦點。是否精通認知領域的作戰策劃，將大大影響戰爭的方向和結果。深刻理解認知域作戰的內涵、外延和範疇樣式，精確掌握其勝利機制與發展趨勢，是理解戰場脈絡、打贏現代戰爭的關鍵。

認知域作戰是兵棋新焦點

與傳統作戰不同，認知域作戰不再侷限於陸地、海洋、空中、太空、電力、網路等領域。它突破了傳統的物理域和資訊域。具有獨特優勢，呈現新特點，拓展現代戰場新領域。

認知域作戰拓展了戰爭域空間。首先，認知領域的戰場空間廣闊，主要體現在人的精神、心理、思考、信念等認知活動。其打擊對象主要是敵對國家元首和政治人物、軍事人員、社會菁英和廣大民眾。其次，認知域作戰的形式多種多樣，包括但不限於政治外交壓力、經濟封鎖和製裁、文化滲透和侵蝕等。第三，認知域作戰的目標廣泛，主要是為了動搖破壞敵人的信仰，瓦解敵人的意志，影響改變敵人的決策，進而造成社會混亂、決策錯誤、敵軍士氣低落，甚至顛覆國家政權。

認知域作戰模糊了戰爭域的界線。認知域運作的主體是人。人是戰爭中最活躍的因素，尤其是高層決策者的認知，體現了戰爭的整體意志，直接影響戰爭的全局，決定了戰爭的勝負。國家領導人和軍隊將領的認知是認知域作戰的重點目標。民意、社會基礎、國際輿論通常是認知域作戰的基礎，是推動戰爭進程與方向的關鍵力量。認知域作戰混合了常規和非常規作戰，模糊了戰場的界線。它旨在對訊息接收者進行認知誘導和攻擊，繞過傳統戰場，直達最薄弱的環節——人。戰術行動可以實現戰略目標，從根本上改變戰場環境，改變戰爭結果。

認知域作戰達到最終戰略目標。中國古代兵法有云：“用兵之道，先攻心，下攻城；先戰心，下戰兵。” 認知域作戰的目的在於佔領認知優勢，影響敵方決策和行為。以最小的成本取得最大的戰鬥力。正如克勞塞維茨在《論戰爭》中提到的，「戰爭是迫使敵人服從我們意志的暴力行為」。由於認知域作戰不是針對有生命力量的硬殺傷，而是針對隱形目標的軟殺傷，因此不僅可以“迫使敵人服從我的意志”，而且客觀上可以使敵人從內部摧毀自己，使其無力反抗。、瓦解，最終不戰而屈人之兵，實現「全面勝利」的戰略目標。

認知域作戰是軍事改革的新產物

目前，世界百年未有之大變局正在加速發生。國際情勢日益複雜，局部戰爭和區域衝突持續。認知域作戰作為一種新的作戰方式，在新一輪軍事改革浪潮的推動下變得越來越重要。

戰爭法則是認知領域戰鬥的基本規則。認知域作戰仍遵循戰爭的基本法則。首先，正義必須伸張。正義戰爭推動歷史發展並最終戰勝非正義戰爭，佔據道德高地的認知域作戰具備先勝條件。二是強者勝，弱者敗。科學與技術的進步催生了先進的軍事理論，推動了高科技裝備的發展。奪取控制權和控制權可以實現降維打擊，瓦解敵軍。第三是主觀引導符合客觀實際。認知域的運作必須建立在一定的客觀物質基礎上。必須綜合考慮戰場環境、狀況

必須權衡各方利益，做出有利的決定。四是重點操作牽動全局。在以網路為中心的系統作戰中，認知域往往成為最關鍵的環節，其成敗可以決定戰局。

理論創新是認知領域運作的基礎支撐。近年來，美軍先後提出「混合戰」、「馬賽克戰」、「灰色地帶衝突」等新作戰理論。它以認知域作戰為主要作戰手段，已形成較成熟的理論。俄軍在長期的軍事實踐中也形成了自己的一套混合戰方法，特別是在敘利亞戰場，巧妙地運用「格拉西莫夫」戰術來應對「混合戰」。日本近年來也大力發展軍事實力。在其新版《國防白皮書》中，首次提及「跨域」作戰概念，旨在突破傳統領域，將認知域等新領域作為其軍事力量發展的重點方向，使它更加主動。和外向性。

軍事實踐是認知域作戰的重要基礎。從近期局部戰爭來看，認知域戰已成為現代戰爭的主要作戰方式，並且取得了較高的戰鬥力。認知戰與反認知戰的對抗相當激烈。 2010年，美國等西方國家發動認知戰，炒作突尼斯民主運動，製造“阿拉伯之春”，使中東陷入混亂，並讓恐怖組織趁機肆虐。美國企圖透過推翻埃及政府、發動利比亞戰爭、幹預敘利亞戰爭等方式來鞏固霸權。 2014年，俄軍透過策略組合、多維突破、輿論營造等方式控制了克里米亞。其認知域操作也具有非常鮮明的特徵。

認知域作戰是戰爭規劃的新方向

隨著高新技術的不斷發展及其在軍事領域的廣泛應用，未來戰爭形態將加速演變，戰爭的複雜性和未知性急劇增加。為此，我們要事先規劃，科學統籌，加強認知域作戰能力建設，深度融入未來戰場，有效掌控未來戰爭主動權。

推動認知域作戰制勝機制研究。認知域作戰作為未來戰爭的重要作戰手段，其地位和角色將更凸顯，發展前景也將更加廣闊。控制認知力已成為奪取戰爭控制權的重要組成部分。贏得未來戰爭，必須跟上戰爭形態發展趨勢，大力研究認知域作戰制勝機制，以理論創新帶動戰術創新，尋求優勢和機會。

強化認知域作戰攻防能力建構。從個人到組織再到國家，認知域作戰的影響力跨越所有時空、所有要素，跨越不同作戰領域，影響整個作戰過程。未來戰爭中，指揮官和戰鬥人員將面臨巨大的認知攻防挑戰。奪取認知力的控制權，進而奪取戰場的全面控制權，將成為未來戰爭的控制關鍵點。堅持需求驅動，加強認知域作戰攻防力量建設，建構攻防一體、平戰一體、多維一體的認知域作戰體系，建立健全演練評估體系機制，透過長期軍事實踐不斷提升能力。

加速認知領域高科技運算研發。目前，隨著大數據、人工智慧、雲端運算等高科技技術的快速發展，開源資訊的取得變得更加便捷且有效率。認知域運作越來越呈現啟動快、成本低、效率高的特性。此外，隨著神經科學、腦科學等新興技術的悄悄發展，可以推斷，認知戰武器將在未來戰爭中日益豐富且廣泛應用。我們要緊跟時代發展，事先規劃設計，維戈大力發展以搶佔認知優勢為導向的尖端技術，推動認知域作戰理念和方法更新，搶佔未來戰爭主動權。

外文音譯：

Throughout modern warfare, cognitive games have become the focus of offense and defense. Whether one is proficient in planning operations in the cognitive domain will greatly affect the direction and outcome of the war. A deep understanding of the connotation, extension and category style of cognitive domain operations, and an accurate grasp of its winning mechanism and development trend are the keys to understanding the context of the battlefield and winning modern wars.

Cognitive domain operations are the new focus of war games

Different from traditional operations, cognitive domain operations are no longer limited to land, sea, air, space, electricity, network and other fields. It breaks through the traditional physical domain and information domain. It has unique advantages, presents new characteristics, and expands the modern Battlefield new frontier.

Cognitive domain operations expand the war domain space. First of all, the battlefield space in the cognitive domain is broad, mainly reflected in people’s spirit, psychology, thinking, beliefs and other cognitive activities. Its combat targets are mainly hostile heads of state and political figures, military personnel, social elites and the general public. Secondly, cognitive domain operations take a wide range of forms, including but not limited to political and diplomatic pressure, economic blockade and sanctions, cultural penetration and erosion, etc. Thirdly, the goals of cognitive domain operations are wide-ranging, mainly to shake the enemy’s belief, disintegrate the enemy’s will, influence and change the opponent’s decision-making, thereby causing social chaos, decision-making errors, demoralization of the enemy’s military, and even subverting its national power.

Cognitive domain operations blur the boundaries of the war domain. The main body of cognitive domain operations is people. People are the most active factor in war, especially the cognition of high-level decision-makers, which embodies the overall will of the war, directly affects the overall situation of the war, and determines the outcome of the war. The cognition of state leaders and military generals is the key target of cognitive domain operations. Popular will, social foundation, and international public opinion are usually the basis for cognitive domain operations and are the key forces that promote the process and direction of war. Cognitive domain operations mix conventional and unconventional operations, blurring the boundaries of the war field. It aims to cognitively induce and attack information recipients, bypassing the traditional battlefield and reaching the weakest link – people. Tactical actions can achieve strategic goals, from Fundamentally change the battlefield environment and change the outcome of the war.

Cognitive domain operations reach the ultimate strategic goal. There is a saying in the ancient Chinese art of war: “The way to use troops is to attack the heart first, and to attack the city below; to fight the heart first, and to fight soldiers lower.” Operations in the cognitive domain aim to occupy cognitive dominance and influence the enemy’s decision-making and behavior. Achieve maximum combat effectiveness at minimum cost. As Clausewitz mentioned in “On War”, “War is an act of violence that forces the enemy to obey our will.” Since cognitive domain operations are not hard kills against living forces, but soft kills against invisible targets, they can not only “force the enemy to obey our will”, but also objectively enable the enemy to destroy itself from within, making it unable to resist, disintegrate, and ultimately Achieve the strategic goal of “complete victory” without fighting.

Cognitive domain operations are a new product of military reform

At present, major changes in the world that have not been seen in a century are accelerating. The international situation is becoming increasingly complex, and local wars and regional conflicts continue. As a new combat method, cognitive domain operations are becoming more and more important driven by the new wave of military reforms.

The laws of war are the basic rules for combat in the cognitive domain. Cognitive domain operations still follow the basic laws of war. First, justice must prevail. Just wars promote historical development and ultimately defeat unjust wars, and cognitive domain operations that occupy the moral commanding heights have the conditions to win first. The second is the victory of the strong and the defeat of the weak. The advancement of science and technology has given rise to advanced military theories and promoted the development of high-tech equipment. Seizing control and control can achieve dimensionality reduction strikes and disintegrate enemy forces. Third, subjective guidance is consistent with objective reality. Cognitive domain operations must be based on a certain objective material basis. The battlefield environment must be comprehensively considered, the situations of both parties must be weighed, and favorable decisions must be made. Fourth, key operations affect the overall situation. In network-centered system operations, the cognitive domain often becomes the most critical link, and its success or failure can determine the battle situation.

Theoretical innovation is the basic support for cognitive domain operations. In recent years, the US military has successively proposed new combat theories such as “hybrid warfare”, “mosaic warfare” and “gray zone conflict”. It regards cognitive domain operations as the main combat method and has formed a relatively mature theory. The Russian army has also developed its own set of hybrid warfare methods in long-term military practice, especially in the Syrian battlefield, where it skillfully used “Gerasimov” tactics to deal with “hybrid warfare.” Japan has also vigorously developed its military power in recent years. In its new version of the “Defense White Paper”, it first mentioned the concept of “domain transversal” operations, aiming to break through traditional fields and regard new fields such as the cognitive domain as the key direction of its military power development, making it more proactive. and extraversion.

Military practice is an important basis for cognitive domain operations. Judging from the recent local wars, cognitive domain warfare has become the main combat method of modern warfare and has achieved high combat effectiveness. The confrontation between cognitive warfare and counter-cognitive warfare is quite fierce. In 2010, the United States and other Western countries launched a cognitive war, hyped up the Tunisian democratic movement and created the “Arab Spring”, which plunged the Middle East into chaos and allowed terrorist organizations to take advantage of the opportunity to wreak havoc. The United States attempted to consolidate its hegemony by overthrowing the Egyptian government, launching a war in Libya, and intervening in the Syrian war. In 2014, the Russian army took control of Crimea through a combination of strategies, multi-dimensional breakthroughs, and public opinion building. Its cognitive domain operations also have very distinctive characteristics.

Cognitive domain operations are a new direction in war planning

With the continuous development of high and new technologies and their widespread application in the military field, the shape of future wars will evolve at an accelerated pace, and the complexity and unknown nature of wars will increase dramatically. To this end, we should plan in advance, coordinate scientifically, strengthen the construction of combat capabilities in the cognitive domain, deeply integrate into the future battlefield, and effectively control the initiative in future wars.

Promote research on the winning mechanism of cognitive domain operations. As an important combat method in future wars, the status and role of cognitive domain operations will be more prominent, and the development prospects will be broader. Controlling cognitive power has become an important part of seizing war control. To win future wars, we must keep up with the trends in the development of war forms, vigorously study the winning mechanism of cognitive domain operations, use theoretical innovation to drive innovation in tactics, and seek advantages and opportunities.

Strengthen the construction of offensive and defensive capabilities in cognitive domain operations. From individuals to organizations to countries, the impact of cognitive domain operations spans all time and space and all elements, spans different combat fields, and affects the entire combat process. In future wars, commanders and combatants will face huge cognitive offensive and defensive challenges. Seizing control of cognitive power, and then seizing comprehensive battlefield control, will become the key point of control in future wars. We should adhere to demand-driven efforts, strengthen the construction of offensive and defensive forces in cognitive domain operations, build a cognitive domain combat system that integrates offense and defense, peacetime and war, and multi-dimensional integration, establish and improve drill and evaluation mechanisms, and continuously improve capabilities through long-term military practice.

Accelerate the research and development of high-tech cognitive domain operations. Currently, with the rapid development of high-tech technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing, the acquisition of open source information has become more convenient and efficient. Cognitive domain operations are increasingly characterized by fast start-up, low cost, and high efficiency. In addition, with the quiet development of emerging technologies such as neuroscience and brain science, it can be inferred that cognitive warfare weapons will become increasingly abundant and widely used in future wars. We should keep up with the development of the times, plan and design in advance, vigorously develop cutting-edge technologies oriented to seizing cognitive advantages, and promote the update of cognitive domain combat concepts and methods, so as to seize the initiative in future wars.

中國軍事資料來源：資料來源：中國軍事網-解放軍報作者：趙全紅

https://www.81.cn/ll_208543/10170888.html

China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, 中國的情報戰, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 馬賽克戰

中國軍隊從“網路戰”到“馬賽克戰”

03/01/2024 admin Leave a comment

Chinese Military From “Cyber Warfare” to “Mosaic Warfare”

繁體中文原文：

理論是行動的先導。加強作戰理念創新、推動作戰指導創新一直是世界各國軍隊培養軍事優勢的重要途徑。近年來，美軍先後提出「網路戰」、「馬賽克戰」等前線作戰理論，以實現作戰模式的「生產關係」能夠更適應「生產力」的發展的作戰能力。透過這兩種作戰理論的比較分析，世人可以一窺美軍作戰能力建設思維的變化，特別是對「馬賽克戰」制勝機制的認識，從而有的放矢，找到有效的把關。和餘額。

● 從威脅反應到戰爭設計—

積極塑造並推動作戰能力提升

「基於威脅」或「基於能力」是軍事作戰能力建構的兩種基本方式。「威脅為本」體現需求牽引，著力解決近中期實際問題，是軍隊作戰能力建構應遵循的基本法則；「能力為本」體現目標牽引，瞄準未來戰略任務，以新作戰理論支撐戰略理念，是軍事行動的關鍵。這樣，才能實現能力的創新與超越。從「網路戰」到「馬賽克戰」的發展，體現了上述兩種方式內在規律的差異和演變，也體現了近年來美軍推進作戰能力建設的思路和理念的變化。

觀念開始改變。網路空間最初是為了解決人類的交流需求而創建的。後來逐漸演變為獨立於陸、海、空、天的新作戰域。由此衍生出以爭奪網路空間主導權為核心的「網路空間」。相較之下，「馬賽克戰」是美軍為維持戰略優勢、直接針對競爭對手而主動研發設計的新作戰理念。其形成過程體現了需求驅動與能力驅動相結合、戰略性、主動性、牽引力更加突出。

技術應用新思路。「網路戰」強調發展新一代技術來支持作戰理念的轉變和實施。《馬賽克戰》突破了這個模式，並不過度強調新一代裝備技術的研發。更注重軍民共性技術的快速轉化和成熟技術的漸進式迭代。其基本想法是，依照叫車、眾籌開發等服務平台的應用理念，在現有裝備的基礎上，透過模組升級和智慧化改造，將各種作戰系統單元「鑲嵌」成單功能、可靈活組裝的單元。、易於更換的“積木”或“像素”，建構動態協調、高度自主、無縫整合的作戰系統，體現新技術驅動的概念。

路徑開發新設計。「網路戰」是網路空間的一個伴隨概念。網路空間發展到哪裡，「網路戰」就會隨之而來。一般來說，我們在進行「主觀」概念設計之前，先考慮「客觀」物質條件。，對路徑發展有很強的依賴。「馬賽克戰」首先從「主觀」演變為「客觀」。透過開發能夠動態調整職能結構的部隊設計模型，能夠適應不同的作戰需求和戰場環境的變化。

可見，與以往的「網路戰」等作戰概念相比，「馬賽克戰」目標更明確、技術更成熟、路徑更可靠，體現了美軍積極塑造的思維轉變。

● 從網路中心到決策中心—

群體智慧實現系統能量優化釋放

人工智慧技術是資訊時代的關鍵變量，也是「馬賽克戰」體系發展的核心增量。 “網路戰”強調“網路中心”，而“馬賽克戰”緊緊圍繞著人工智慧技術核心，將制勝關鍵從“網路中心”調整為“決策中心”，將作戰系統架構從“從系統級到平台級的聯盟轉變為功能級、要素級的融合，尋求在網路能量充分匯聚的前提下，利用群體智慧技術實現系統能量的最佳化釋放，賦予網路新的內涵。智慧戰爭的致勝機制

時代。

用“快”控制“慢”，在認知上佔上風。未來戰爭中，戰場情勢瞬息萬變，時間元素的權重將持續上升。「快」與「慢」可以產生近乎尺寸縮小的戰鬥打擊效果。「馬賽克戰」利用資料資訊技術與人工智慧技術，提升己方「OODA」循環的單循環決策速度，擴大並行決策的廣度，降低群循環決策的粒度，加快系統運作進度，整體打造領先一步的典範。「先發制人」的姿態旨在牢牢掌控戰場認知決策的主導地位。

用“低”控“高”，累積成本優勢。與追求高端武器平台的傳統作戰概念不同，「馬賽克戰」著重於利用人工智慧技術挖掘現有武器平台和作戰資源的潛力並提高效率。透過在眾多中低階武器平台上載入並運行智慧演算法和特定功能模組，可以實現與高階武器平台相媲美的作戰性能。這整體提高了武器平台投入產出的成本效益，進而累積成本優勢。

以“散”控“聚”，求可持續生存。「馬賽克戰」強調運用去中心化思想和非對稱制衡，利用開放的系統架構，在各種有人/無人平台上去中心化配置偵察、定位、通信、打擊等各種功能，實現力量的分佈式部署。同時利用智慧演算法，提升各平台的自組織、自協調、獨立攻擊能力，進而實現集中火力。當部分作戰平台被消滅、打亂或剝離時，整個作戰體系仍能正常運行，進而增強部隊集群的戰場生存能力。

用“動”控“靜”，提高系統靈活性。「馬賽克戰」強調進一步突破各作戰領域的障礙。透過將不同作戰域的固定“殺傷鏈”變成動態可重構的“殺傷網”，將“OODA”大環拆解為小環，將單環分化為多環。根據作戰流程和作戰需求的變化，依靠智慧組網，實現作戰力量的動態分割、動態部署、動態組合。這樣，一方面可以增強作戰系統的彈性和適應性；另一方面，它也可以抵消複雜網路的節點聚合效應，使對手很難找到關鍵節點來擊敗自己的系統。

「馬賽克戰爭」為智慧戰爭提供了參考原型。但同時，「馬賽克戰爭」作為一種理想化的力量設計與運用框架，也需要與其密切相關的技術、條令、政策等支撐支撐。距離完全實現還有很長的路要走。與傳統戰爭相比，系統共存的局面將長期存在。

● 從要素整合到系統重組—

動態結構增強作戰系統靈活性

結構和關係常常決定功能和屬性。「網路戰」與「馬賽克戰」建立在資訊時代相同的物質基礎上，遵循相同的演化範式，但係統建構的原理和效果不同。「網路戰」所形成的架構可以靜態解構，而「馬賽克戰」則依照一定的建構規則動態組合功能單元，形成具有自組織和自適應特性的彈性架構，類似「動態黑盒子」。常規手段難以追蹤和預測。這種靈活的結構經常「湧現」新的能力，以增強和提高作戰系統的效率。

網路與雲端融合發展，使作戰空間和時間更具動態性和可塑性。網際網路和雲端是資訊作戰系統運作的基礎環境。它們重塑了傳統作戰中的情報、指揮、攻擊、支援等流程要素，同時衍生出新的作戰時空。「網路戰」主要針對網路空間，其作戰時間和空間相對靜態。「馬賽克戰」並不限於單一的作戰空間。在資訊基礎設施網路隨雲而動、雲端網融合的發展趨勢下

無形空間和無形空間可以進一步鉸接，作戰空間和時間的界限更加靈活，作戰資源的配置更加靈活。戰鬥架構更加動態。

數據跨域流動，使戰鬥控制更加無縫協調。在指揮控制環節，「網路戰」著重於聯合作戰指揮機構對作戰單位的指揮控制，資料的跨域交換與流動主要集中在戰區戰場。「馬賽克戰」將聯合作戰的水平進一步降低到戰術端。透過戰術層面資料的獨立跨域交換和無縫流動，可以將各種資料孤島按需聚集成資料集群，從而產生顯著的「溢出」效應，使得資料的動態、離散、敏捷、並行的特性作戰指揮控制迴路更加明顯，更有利於實現各作戰單元按需敏捷連動、高效協同行動。

演算法穿透各個維度，讓系統運作更自主、更有效率。演算法是人類意識在網路空間的映射，形成兩種基本形式：意圖轉化的編譯碼和知識轉化的神經網路。在《網路戰》中，大量使用編譯程式碼，而神經網路僅在本地使用。在「馬賽克戰爭」中，演算法拓展到塑造規則和提供引擎兩大關鍵功能，應用的廣度和深度更為凸顯。塑造規則以編譯碼為主，神經網路為輔，建構「馬賽克戰」系統的流程架構與運作邏輯，為其不確定性、適應性和「突現」能力奠定結構基礎；提供引擎主要整合智慧演算法模型，分送到邊緣要素進行運算，形成知識擴散效應，從而全面提升「馬賽克戰」系統的智慧自主作戰能力。

邊緣能量的獨立釋放，讓戰鬥方式更靈活多元。邊緣是各種有人/無人作戰功能單元的抽像模型，也是系統能力「湧現」的直接來源。在「網路戰」體系中，邊緣要素與上級和下級指揮控制流程緊密耦合，處於精確控制狀態。在「馬賽克戰爭」系統中，邊緣要素的感知、互動、推理、決策能力大幅提升。其「OODA」循環無需回溯至上級指揮機構，有利於支撐形成高低、有人/無人的分散組合。優化的作戰集群形態可以賦予邊緣分子更多的自組織權威，顯著增強戰場對抗優勢。

可見，如果說「網路戰」被稱為精密的戰爭機器，那麼「馬賽克戰」則可以被視為一個能夠激發作戰能力動態增長的複雜「生態」。網路雲、資料、演算法和邊緣設備產生的新技術變化促進了動態且複雜的「架構」的形成。這種結構反過來又對要素、平台和系統進行反向調節，不斷湧現新的能力，對作戰系統的賦能和演進發揮重要作用。

● 從制度突破到複合對抗——

分析利弊，尋求有效制衡

「馬賽克戰」在某種程度上代表了未來聯合作戰的可能發展方向。要充分研究掌握「馬賽克戰」制勝機制，將資訊通信領域塑造成為打破傳統戰爭時空界限的新領域，打造雲化作戰新理念，建構強大的資訊通訊領域新格局。國防資訊基礎設施保障能力。突顯軍事資訊網路安全防禦能力，增強戰略戰役指揮機構運作的基礎支撐能力，不斷完善網路資訊體系。

另一方面，「馬賽克戰」理論的出現，使得傳統作戰手段難以透過搶先並控制有限的目標節點來達到毀點、斷環的系統破局效果。但也應該看到，任何制度都有其固有的矛盾。即便是看似“無懈可擊”的去中心化結構的“馬賽克戰爭”，依然能找到有效破解的方法。例如，掌握系統的複雜性特徵，利用其相關性和依賴性，突顯通訊網路的功能抑制

建構網路和電力複合攻擊路徑，實現作戰系統各單元的拆解和隔離；掌握其結構的耗散特性，利用其對外部資訊的依賴，凸顯資訊資料的偽裝性和誤導性，促使作戰系統轉變為資訊封閉、資訊過載等異常狀態；掌握其群體自主特點，利用其對關鍵技術的依賴，凸顯與智慧演算法的對抗，降低效率，抑制各作戰單元的智慧驅動力；抓住其功能非線性特點，利用其未知漏洞，突出戰場差異化打擊評估，以更高的效率、更快的速度探索和發現作戰系統中的不平衡點，尋找系統中的關鍵弱點進行突破。

（作者單位：61001部隊）

外文音譯：

Chinese Military From “Cyber Warfare” to “Mosaic Warfare”

Theory is the precursor to action. Strengthening innovation in combat concepts and promoting innovation in combat guidance have always been important ways for militaries around the world to cultivate military advantages. In recent years, the U.S. military has successively proposed cutting-edge combat theories such as “cyber warfare” and “mosaic warfare” in order to realize that the “production relationship” of combat mode can be more adaptable to the development of “productivity” of combat capabilities. By comparing and analyzing these two combat theories, the world can get a glimpse of the changes in the US military’s combat capability building thinking, especially the understanding of the winning mechanism of “mosaic warfare”, so that it can be targeted and find effective checks and balances.

● From threat response to war design——

Actively shape and promote the improvement of combat capabilities

“Threat-based” or “capability-based” are two basic ways to build military combat capabilities. “Threat-based” embodies demand traction and focuses on solving practical problems in the near and medium term, which is the basic law that should be followed in the construction of military combat capabilities; “capability-based” embodies goal traction, aims at future strategic missions, and supports strategic concepts with new combat theories, which is the key to military operations. The only way to achieve innovation and transcendence in capabilities. The development from “cyber warfare” to “mosaic warfare” reflects the differences and evolution of the inherent laws of the above two approaches, and also reflects the changes in the US military’s ideas and concepts for promoting combat capability building in recent years.

The concept begins to change. Cyberspace was originally created to solve human communication needs. Later, it gradually evolved into a new combat domain independent of land, sea, air and space. From this, the “cyberspace” with the core of fighting for cyberspace dominance was derived. war”. In contrast, “mosaic warfare” is a new operational concept actively developed and designed by the US military in order to maintain its strategic advantage and directly target competitors. Its formation process reflects the integration of demand-driven and capability-driven, strategic, proactive, and Traction is more prominent.

New ideas for technology application. “Cyber warfare” emphasizes the development of new generation technologies to support the transformation and implementation of combat concepts. “Mosaic warfare” breaks out of this model and does not overemphasize the research and development of new generation equipment technology. It pays more attention to the rapid transformation of common military and civilian technologies and the incremental iteration of mature technologies. The basic idea is to “mosaic” various combat system units into single-function, flexibly assembled units based on existing equipment and through module upgrades and intelligent transformation in accordance with the application concepts of service platforms such as online ride-hailing and crowdfunding development. , easy-to-replace “building blocks” or “pixels” to build a dynamically coordinated, highly autonomous, and seamlessly integrated combat system, embodying new technology-driven ideas.

Path development new design. “Cyber warfare” is an accompanying concept of the cyberspace. Wherever the cyberspace develops, “cyber warfare” will follow. Generally speaking, we first consider the “objective” material conditions before making the “subjective” conceptual design. , has strong dependence on path development. “Mosaic warfare” first evolved from “subjective” to “objective”. By developing a force design model that can dynamically adjust the functional structure, it can adapt to different operational needs and changes in the battlefield environment.

It can be seen that compared with previous combat concepts such as “cyber warfare”, “mosaic warfare” has clearer goals, more mature technology, and more reliable paths, reflecting the change in thinking actively shaped by the US military.

● From network center to decision-making center——

Group intelligence to achieve optimal energy release of the system

Artificial intelligence technology is a key variable in the information age and a core increment in the development of the “mosaic warfare” system. “Cyber warfare” emphasizes “network center”, while “mosaic warfare” tightly focuses on the core of artificial intelligence technology, adjusts the key to victory from “network center” to “decision center”, and changes the combat system architecture from system level to Platform-level alliances are transformed into functional-level and element-level integration, seeking to use group intelligence technology to achieve the optimal release of system energy on the premise that the network is fully energy-gathered, giving new connotations to the winning mechanism of war in the intelligent era.

Use “fast” to control “slow” and gain the upper hand in cognition. In future wars, the battlefield situation will change rapidly, and the weight of the time element will continue to rise. “Fast” versus “slow” can create a nearly dimensionally reduced combat strike effect. “Mosaic Warfare” uses data information technology and artificial intelligence technology to improve the single-loop decision-making speed of one’s own “OODA” loop, expand the breadth of parallel decision-making, reduce the granularity of group-loop decision-making, speed up the progress of system operations, and overall create a model that is always one step ahead of others. The “first move” posture aims to firmly control the dominance of cognitive decision-making on the battlefield.

Use “low” to control “high” and accumulate cost advantages. Different from the traditional combat concept of pursuing high-end weapon platforms, “mosaic warfare” focuses on using artificial intelligence technology to tap the potential and increase efficiency of existing weapon platforms and combat resources. By loading and running intelligent algorithms and specific functional modules on many mid- to low-end weapon platforms, they can achieve combat performance comparable to that of high-end weapon platforms. This overall improves the cost-effectiveness of the input-output of the weapon platform, thereby accumulating cost advantages.

Use “dispersion” to control “gathering” and seek sustainable survival. “Mosaic warfare” emphasizes the use of decentralized ideas and asymmetric checks and balances, using an open system architecture to decentrally configure various functions such as reconnaissance, positioning, communication, and strike on various manned/unmanned platforms to achieve Distributed deployment of power. At the same time, intelligent algorithms are used to improve the self-organization, self-coordination, and independent attack capabilities of each platform, so as to achieve centralized firepower. When some combat platforms are eliminated, disrupted, or stripped away, the entire combat system can still operate normally, thus enhancing the battlefield survivability of the force cluster.

Use “dynamic” to control “quiet” and improve system flexibility. “Mosaic warfare” emphasizes further breaking through barriers in each combat domain. By turning fixed “kill chains” in different combat domains into dynamically reconfigurable “kill nets”, the “OODA” large ring is disassembled into small rings, and a single ring is differentiated into multiple rings. According to changes in the combat process and combat needs, rely on intelligent networking to realize on-the-go splitting, on-the-go deployment, and on-the-go combination of combat forces. In this way, on the one hand, it can enhance the flexibility and adaptability of the combat system; on the other hand, it can also offset the node aggregation effect of complex networks, making it difficult for opponents to find key nodes to defeat one’s own system.

“Mosaic warfare” provides a reference prototype for intelligent warfare. But at the same time, as an idealized force design and application framework, “mosaic warfare” also needs supporting support such as technology, doctrine, and policies that are closely related to it. There is still a long way to go before it can be fully realized. Compared with traditional warfare, The situation of system coexistence will exist for a long time.

● From element integration to system reorganization——

Dynamic structure to enhance the flexibility of the combat system

Structure and relationships often determine functions and properties. “Cyber warfare” and “mosaic warfare” are built on the same material foundation in the information age and follow the same evolutionary paradigm, but the principles and effects of system construction are different. The architecture formed by “cyber warfare” can be statically deconstructed, while “mosaic warfare” dynamically combines functional units according to certain construction rules to form an elastic architecture with self-organizing and adaptive characteristics, similar to a “dynamic black box”. Conventional The means are difficult to track and predict. This flexible structure often “emerges” new capabilities to empower and increase the efficiency of the combat system.

The integrated development of network and cloud makes combat space and time more dynamic and malleable. The Internet and cloud are the basic environment for the operation of the information combat system. They have reshaped the process elements of intelligence, command, attack, and support in traditional operations, and at the same time derived new combat time and space. “Cyber warfare” mainly focuses on the cyberspace, and its combat time and space are relatively static. “Mosaic warfare” is not limited to a single combat space. Under the development trend of information infrastructure network moving with the cloud and integrating cloud and network, the tangible and intangible space can be further hinged, the boundaries of combat space and time are more flexible, and the allocation of combat resources is more flexible. The combat architecture is more dynamic.

Data flows across domains, making combat control more seamlessly coordinated. In the command and control link, “cyber warfare” focuses on the command and control of combat units by joint combat command institutions, and the cross-domain exchange and flow of data is mainly concentrated on theater battlefields. “Mosaic warfare” further lowers the level of joint operations to the tactical end. Through the independent cross-domain exchange and seamless flow of data at the tactical level, various data islands can be gathered into data clusters on demand, thereby generating significant “overflow” “” effect makes the dynamic, discrete, agile, and parallel characteristics of the combat command and control loop more obvious, and is more conducive to realizing agile connection and efficient coordinated actions of various combat units on demand.

The algorithm penetrates all dimensions, making the system run more autonomously and efficiently. Algorithms are the mapping of human consciousness in cyberspace, forming two basic forms: compiled codes transformed by intentions and neural networks transformed by knowledge. In “Cyber Warfare”, compiled code is used extensively and neural networks are only used locally. In the “mosaic war”, the algorithm has expanded to two key functions: shaping rules and providing engines, and the breadth and depth of its application are more prominent. The shaping rules mainly focus on compiled code, supplemented by neural networks, to construct the process framework and operating logic of the “mosaic warfare” system, laying a structural foundation for its uncertainty, adaptability and “emergent” capabilities; providing the engine mainly integrates intelligence The algorithm model is distributed to edge elements for operation, forming a knowledge diffusion effect, thereby comprehensively improving the intelligent autonomous combat capabilities of the “mosaic warfare” system.

The independent release of energy at the edge makes the combat style more flexible and diverse. The edge is an abstract model of various manned/unmanned combat functional units and is also the direct source of the “emergence” of system capabilities. In the “cyber warfare” system, edge elements are closely coupled with the superior and subordinate command and control processes and are in a state of precise control. In the “Mosaic Warfare” system, the perception, interaction, reasoning, and decision-making capabilities of edge elements are greatly improved. Its “OODA” loop does not need to be linked back to the higher-level command organization, which is conducive to supporting the formation of a decentralized combination of high-low and manned/unmanned. The optimized combat cluster form can give edge elements more self-organizing authority, which significantly enhances battlefield confrontation advantages.

It can be seen that if “cyber warfare” is called a sophisticated war machine, “mosaic warfare” can be regarded as a complex “ecology” that can stimulate the dynamic growth of combat capabilities. New technologies generated by network clouds, data, algorithms, and edge devices Changes promote the formation of a dynamic and complex “architecture”. This structure in turn regulates elements, platforms, and systems in reverse, constantly emerging new capabilities, and playing an important role in empowering and evolving the combat system.

● From system breach to compound confrontation——

Analyze the pros and cons and seek effective checks and balances

“Mosaic warfare” represents, to a certain extent, the possible direction for the development of future joint operations. We should fully study and grasp the winning mechanism of “mosaic warfare”, shape the information and communication field as a new domain that breaks the time and space boundaries of traditional wars, create a new concept of cloud-enabled operations, and build a strong defense information infrastructure support capability. Highlight the security and defense capabilities of military information networks, enhance the basic support capabilities for the operation of strategic and campaign command institutions, and continuously improve the network information system.

On the other hand, the emergence of the “mosaic warfare” theory makes it difficult for traditional combat methods to seize and control limited target nodes to achieve the system-breaking effect of destroying points and breaking links. However, it should be noted that any system has its inherent contradictions. Even the seemingly “impeccable” decentralized structure of “mosaic warfare” can still find ways to effectively crack it. For example, grasp the complexity characteristics of the system, use its correlation and dependence, highlight the functional suppression of the communication network, build a network and electricity composite attack path, and achieve the disassembly and isolation of each unit of the combat system; grasp the dissipative characteristics of its structure, Make use of its dependence on external information to highlight the camouflage and misleading of information data, prompting the combat system to transform into abnormal states such as information closure and information overload; grasp its group autonomy characteristics, use its dependence on key technologies to highlight the confrontation against intelligent algorithms Reduce efficiency and inhibit the intelligent driving force of each combat unit; grasp its functional non-linear characteristics, take advantage of its unknown vulnerabilities, highlight differentiated strike assessment on the battlefield, and explore and discover imbalance points in the combat system with higher efficiency and faster speed , looking for key weaknesses in the system to break.

(Author’s unit: Unit 61001)

中國軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4894888.html

Red Dragon 1949 / 紅龍1949

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