解放軍人工智慧創新將深刻改變中國戰爭面貌
現代英語：
Defeating dozens of top Go players in man-machine battles, defeating retired U.S. Air Force pilots in simulated air combat… In recent years, artificial intelligence has been like an omnipotent “magician”, creating endless miracles, which not only surprises many people, but also constantly refreshes people’s imagination.
As a technical science dedicated to simulating, extending and expanding human intelligence, artificial intelligence has long surpassed scientists’ initial imagination and entered a “blowout period” of rapid development. It is profoundly changing human production and lifestyle, and promoting the social form to accelerate the leap from digitalization and networking to intelligence. At the same time, the widespread use of artificial intelligence technology in the military field will fundamentally change the winning mechanism and combat methods of modern warfare, give birth to new combat means and combat ideas, and promote the war form to accelerate into the intelligent era.
In intelligent warfare, intelligent equipment, intelligent command, intelligent maintenance, and intelligent combat methods are all conceivable – “fake news” created by artificial intelligence is everywhere in the entire process of war preparation, conduct and end, and it is “indistinguishable from the real thing”; the role of inanimate intelligent bodies and robot combatants in intelligent warfare is highlighted, and artificial intelligence combat forces such as “cloud brain”, “digital staff” and “virtual warehouse” used for information support, command and control, effect evaluation and logistics support will play an increasingly important role in future wars, and intelligent machines and intelligent weapons will become the main force on the battlefield of the future; long-range, precise, miniaturized and large-scale unmanned attacks will become the main form of attack, and the “man-to-man” war will expand to the war of “machine autonomous combat”; intelligent swarm attrition warfare, cross-domain mobile warfare, and cognitive control warfare will become the basic combat types; dispersed deployment of man and machine, autonomous coordination, and concentrated energy offensive and defensive operations will become the basic principles of cross-domain integration and full-domain operations; the “observation-judgment-decision-action” link will be greatly shortened, the combat rhythm will be faster, the actions will be more precise, and the efficiency will be higher; upgrading and training of artificial intelligence systems and various unmanned combat platforms through continuous confrontation exercises will become an important way to enhance combat effectiveness. Intelligence will surpass firepower, mobility and information power to become the most critical factor in determining the outcome of a war. As a result, the connotation of battlefield control will need to be redefined, new topics will be added to international arms negotiations, and textbooks on deterrence theory will also be rewritten.
The world’s military powers, represented by the United States, have foreseen the broad application prospects of artificial intelligence technology in the military field. They believe that future wars will be intelligent wars and future arms races will be intelligent competitions. They have already laid out a series of research plans in advance, hoping to seize the initiative in the militarization of artificial intelligence and strive to open up a “generation gap” with potential opponents. In recent years, NASA, the Department of Defense and various military services have deployed a series of artificial intelligence technology research projects in the military field. The US Department of Defense has also proposed the establishment of a “Joint Artificial Intelligence Center” to jointly promote artificial intelligence projects with the US military and 17 intelligence agencies, and coordinate the planning and construction of an intelligent military system supported by military technology and military applications. Russia also regards artificial intelligence as the commanding heights of future military competition. The Russian army is stepping up the development of humanoid robots that can drive vehicles and forming robot troops that can fight side by side with human soldiers. Russian President Putin said: “Artificial intelligence is not only the future of Russia, but also the future of all mankind. This contains huge opportunities and unpredictable threats today.” Countries such as the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, South Korea, and India are also increasingly paying attention to the development and application of artificial intelligence in the military field.
Today, the pace of militarized application of artificial intelligence may be difficult to stop. Faced with the new situation, we need to firmly grasp the major historical opportunities for the development of artificial intelligence, analyze the general trend, take the initiative to plan, grasp the direction, seize the initiative, and effectively safeguard national security. At the same time, based on the future and destiny of mankind, the international community should establish a mechanism to prevent the excessive military application of artificial intelligence as soon as possible. After all, the power of mankind to create civilization should not become a tool to destroy civilization, and scientific and technological progress should be a blessing for the benefit of mankind, rather than a death knell that threatens human survival and development.
(Author’s unit: Academy of Military Science)
現代國語：
游光荣
在人机大战中击败数十名顶级围棋高手、在模拟空战中击败美国空军退役飞行员……近年来，人工智能犹如万能的“魔法师”，创造了层出不穷的奇迹，在惊掉不少人下巴的同时，也不断刷新着人们的想象。
作为一门致力于模拟、延伸和扩展人的智能的技术科学，人工智能早已超越了科学家最初的想象，进入了一个高速发展的“井喷期”，正在深刻改变人类的生产生活方式，推动社会形态从数字化、网络化向智能化加速跃升。同时，人工智能技术在军事领域的广泛运用，将从根本上改变现代战争制胜机理和作战方式，催生新的作战手段和作战思想，推动战争形态加速迈入智能化时代。
在智能化战争中，智能化装备、智能化指挥、智能化维修、智能化作战方式都是可以想象的——人工智能制造的“虚假新闻”在战争准备、进行和结束的全过程中无处不在，而且“以假乱真”；无生命智能体、机器人战斗员在智能化战争中的作用凸显，用于信息支援、指挥控制、效果评估、后勤保障的“云端大脑”“数字参谋”“虚拟仓储”等人工智能作战力量将在未来战争中发挥越来越重要的作用，智能机器和智能武器将成为未来战场的主力军；远程化、精确化、小型化、大规模无人攻击将成为主要进攻形式，“人对人”的战争将向“机器自主作战”的战争拓展；智能化的蜂群消耗战、跨域机动战、认知控制战将成为基本作战类型；人机分散部署、自主协同、集中能量攻防作战，成为跨域融合、全域作战的基本准则；“观察-判断-决策-行动”链路大大缩短，作战节奏更加快捷、行动更加精准、效率更高；通过持续的对抗演习对人工智能系统和各类无人化作战平台的升级训练，将成为战斗力提升的重要方式。智能将超越火力、机动力和信息力，成为决定战争胜负的最关键因素。随之而来的是，战场控制权的内涵将需要重新界定，国际军备谈判将增加新主题，威慑理论的教科书也将改写。
以美国为代表的世界军事强国，预见到人工智能技术在军事领域的广阔应用前景，认为未来的战争将是智能化战争、未来的军备竞赛将是智能化竞赛，并已提前布局了一系列研究计划，希望抢占人工智能军事化应用先机，力求与潜在对手拉开“代差”。近年来，美国国家航空航天局、国防部和各军种在军事领域部署了一系列人工智能技术研究项目，美国国防部还提出建立“联合人工智能中心”，计划联合美军和17家情报机构共同推进人工智能项目，统筹规划建设以军事技术和军事应用为支撑的智能化军事体系。俄罗斯也视人工智能为未来军事竞争的制高点，俄军正加紧研制可以驾驶车辆的类人机器人、组建可与人类战士并肩战斗的机器人部队。俄总统普京提出：“人工智能不仅仅是俄罗斯的未来，也是全人类的未来。这包含着巨大的机遇和当今难以预测的威胁。”英国、日本、澳大利亚、韩国、印度等国家也日益重视人工智能在军事领域的发展和应用。
如今，人工智能军事化应用步伐或许已难以阻止，面对新形势，我们需要牢牢把握人工智能发展的重大历史机遇，研判大势、主动谋划、把握方向、抢占先机，有效维护国家安全。与此同时，从人类自身前途命运出发，国际社会应该早日建立防止人工智能在军事上过度应用的机制。毕竟，人类创造文明的力量不应该成为毁灭文明的工具，科技进步应该成为造福人类的福音，而不是成为威胁人类生存与发展的丧钟。
（作者单位：军事科学院）