中國軍事評論特种作战部队：美对外军事行动的“战略尖刀”
来源：解放军报 Since World War II, special operations on its unique flexibility, efficiency, asymmetry, is increasingly becoming an important means to safeguard the strategic interests of the United States the way to deal with the threat of challenges. In recent years, the US military special operations forces is the task type from traditional warfare to expand the area of non-traditional field of battle, much to replace conventional forces to become the protagonist of battlefield information, acts as a US foreign military operations “strategy knife” of the situation.
War sharpening “of the United States Blade”
Although modern special operations began in World War II, but its position fully aware of the role of the US military and is widely used in the practice of war after World War II. In almost all previous local wars and regional conflicts in the United States to intervene, or can be hidden or US Special Operations Forces found the figure, during record and failure of innovation and development have become the US military special operations “grindstone” so special operations the “United States of Blade,” the increasingly sharp.
Vietnam War can be said that the US large-scale, long the first attempt of special operations. During the war, US special operations forces are widely assumed to wipe out the guerrillas, special reconnaissance, sabotage attack, trainers and other “counter-insurgency” operations, and implementation of the attack, such as Vietnam prisoner of war camps Shanxi operations. Although the injustice of war and strategic guidance mistakes, tactical advantage the US has never been able to get the special operations strategy into a winning situation, sadly had to withdraw troops from Vietnam, but special operations forces in the war revealed adaptability, mobility, concealment, but be sure to get high-level US military, and has been the focus used in subsequent wars and armed conflicts.
In 1980, in order to rescue the detained American Embassy in Iran, more than 60 staff, 97 US special operations long-range raid from Cairo to Tehran. Since the aircraft suddenly encountered sandstorms and failures in the course of action, combined with ill emergency plan, the US military was forced to cancel plans. But the US military did not lose heart, but pay more attention to the lessons learned on the basis of a strong push development of special operations. April 1987, the US Special Operations Command was officially established, special operations forces govern the land, sea and air belongs marks SOF as an independent fighting force officially on the United States in war.
Subsequently, the invasion of Panama in 1989 action, the 1991 Gulf War, the war in Afghanistan in 2001, the 2003 Iraq war and the 2011 war in Libya, the US military will be more and more frequently used for special operations forces and strategic direction of the main season for completion one by one “mission impossible.” Especially in the war in Afghanistan, with the help of advanced information technology tools, the US special operations forces to work independently, creatively objective guidance, penetration strike, buy com collapse, US forces defeated the Taliban regime in a short time to achieve the purposes of war.
US special operations forces continue to promote the development, almost “every battle will be special,” The reason is: First, responsive, compiled capable, able to quickly respond to local emergencies and asymmetric threats; the second is action concealed, sudden strong often the enemy unexpectedly, with minimal resources quickly achieve strategic goals, action to reduce the risk; Third flexible means of warfare, as campaign “global strike” strategic concept important choice; four is better able to fight with other forces joint operations, conventional and unconventional forming closely integrated combat system.
Great support system under the “sword easy road”
With the evolution of new military revolution in depth, US Special Operations increasingly showing the non-contact combat, to fight the elite fighting from the contact-scale operations, from strategic weapons platform support to support the system, from traditional areas to new areas of the rapidly evolving situation, special combat troops because it can carry out specific tasks to perform conventional forces should not be difficult to complete or to become military to defeat the enemy “killer.”
Trend direct command and control strategy. US Special Operations command and control consists of national and theater-level combat troops and three grade levels. Under normal circumstances, the national command authorities, Special Operations Command, Command theater, theater of military services under the command or function Command commander level performed by operational control. With the mandate of privacy, sensitivity continues to improve, more and more stressed by the US military strategic level special operations were “direct” type vertical command, enhanced controllability operational flexibility. For example, in 2011, and the residence of the US military in Pakistan killed Osama bin Laden raid, Obama and his decision-making team thousands of miles away from the White House situation room, through remote video, real-time synchronization command. This action fully reflects the strategic nature of special operations.
Special blitz highlighting system support. “Tactical operations, strategic support; elite action, system support; local action, global support” has become a significant feature of the US military special operations. Still killed Osama bin Laden, “Neptune Spear” raid, for example, in this battle, on the surface of the US military deployed only four helicopters, 24 “Seal” commandos, it took less than 40 minutes to kill al-Qaeda Osama bin Laden summit. But behind both heaven 35 satellites and more than 40 aircraft to provide a strong information security, there collusion aircraft carrier battle groups at sea, on land as well as support for two military bases in Central Asia, as well as various support ten thousand security personnel. This is a typical “large system support elite action” reflects the profound new form of war in the information age.
Towards a comprehensive joint operations. The US military believes, “joint” is one of the special nature of warfare requires the full participation of the military services and the depth of collaboration. Currently, the US Special Operations not only achieved with the Air Force from the “sensor to shooter” joint, greatly improving its “spike” combat capability, but also to break the union with CIA covert operations, the CIA intelligence-gathering capabilities and special operations forces strike capability combine complementary advantages. Especially after Afghanistan “Operation Enduring Freedom”, the US military special operations but will work with conventional forces from the joint campaign sink to the level of the tactical level, to achieve integrated operations teams level. According to statistics, code-named “Mountain Storm” military implementation of the 2004 crackdown, the US special operations troops with conventional forces conducted 62 joint tactical operations, 40 of which action is implemented in the company level, in action 22 battalion level performed.
The effect of a strike action to pursue the enemy. US Special Operations always attached importance to a direct attack on the enemy’s high-value targets in an attempt to speed up the process of speedy combat strategic objectives. From the recent local wars practice, often other US Special Operations Leadership Summit and pre-emphasis as targets, the implementation of the so-called “decapitation attack” by the sudden rapid surprise attacks, to “lock on”, a hit enemy’s strategic effect. For the first time on the war in Iraq from Saddam to use such tactics, the war in Libya Gaddafi trick, while not directly reach the goal, but the US military special operations against enemy decision-making psychological shock is immeasurable, greatly shaken each other’s will to resist, played a “strike hard” and “soft kill” double effect. It is envisioned that the US military this “sword pay” type of special operations will also continue to unfold.
Efforts to forge “global power”
Currently, the US has special operations, combat drones and network operations as of great importance for the future operations of the “New Trinity” power, to focus on building, hoping to build a responsive, both small and hard, multi-dimensional and multi-functional special war “global power.”
Strengthening overseas deployment, to expand the number scale. Recently, the US significantly reduced military presence overseas, but the number of overseas US Special Operations forces have been continuously increased, but also a significant increase in the deployment of the number of countries and regions. According to reports, the end of the Bush administration, the US Special Operations Forces deployed in about 60 countries worldwide, to increase to 75 by 2010. As of 2015, the United States Special Operations Forces have been deployed to the world’s 135 countries. To meet the growing demand of the task, in the various branches of the background of widespread layoffs, the US special operations forces increased rather than decreased, the number from 2001 to 2014, 3.3 million to nearly 70,000 people, an increase of about one times, of which 80% deployed overseas. American executives believe scale special operations forces deployed abroad, will significantly improve the ability of US military intervention in global affairs in particular to respond to emergencies.
Optimizing operational grouping, build new units. In order to meet the diverse nature of the war on terror style, US special operations forces structure adjustment pace has accelerated noticeably. In recent years, the focus adjustment is: narrow special operations group size to achieve power “downsizing”; to add a new task forces have been established in the Civil Command, irregular warfare and psychological warfare wing brigade, enhance the combat capability of non-traditional areas, to achieve carry out the task “diversity”; optimization special operations units grouped according to the type of task, we will act flexibly experts, communications specialists, psychologists, explosives experts and other personnel mixed grouping of different expertise, improve the ability to adapt to complex battlefield, combat units to achieve “synthesis of . ”
Comprehensive update equipment, enhance the quality of new combat capability. In recent years, the US military continued to increase investment, research and development of new special operations equipment: First, “Individual Combat System”, mainly by the laser range finder, cameras, environmental sensors, ballistic computer and target tracking device component, with automatic transmission and shielding against was behind the target function, improve the combat capability independent of man; the second is a remote delivery tool to improve special operations MC-130H aircraft and purchase V-22 tilt-rotor aircraft, airborne accurate terrain-following radar, navigation systems and high-speed aircraft resistance, enhance special operations forces behind enemy lines and remote mobile penetration; the third is a new concept weapons, the main enemy is the destruction of electronic equipment computer viruses, electromagnetic pulse weapons. These new weapons once the troops will enable the US military special operations means richer, more diverse mission areas.XX
Not every commandos wore green berets
– Special Forces decryption
■ Chronicles Dazhaoweibin
In American terms, “special operations forces” (Special Operation Forces) and the “Special Forces” (Special Forces) are two concepts exist simultaneously. The former US Special Operations Command is under the jurisdiction of all forces referred to, including the Army Special Forces, 75 commandos, Navy Seals, “Delta” Force and SEAL Team 6; the latter refers specifically to the Army Special Forces, known as “Green Beret hat “forces. The force is due to Kennedy personally authorized to wear with other branches of the military are not the same Green Beret named.
It has a long history with the CIA origins very well. In 1952 the US created its first “Green Beret” troops, is to OSS (the predecessor of the CIA), “Jed fort” under the leadership of troops as a template. During World War II, “Jed fort” team was ordered to enter the territory of France, Belgium and the Netherlands were occupied, providing weapons and supplies for the resistance groups area, and act as the Supreme Allied Command with contact channels. Responsible for the formation of the force, Colonel Allen Burbank was a veteran of the Office of Strategic Services, the CIA after playing for, has a wealth of experience in covert operations. The task force was originally given is: Suppose the Soviet occupation of Western Europe, they will remain in the Soviet front organization behind the unconventional war. So far, unconventional warfare remains one of the core tasks of the Special Forces.Since the task often requires secrecy in times of peace or war before it started to prepare, and execute peacetime area of responsibility belongs to the CIA’s covert operations mission, so often we need to work with the CIA when the Special Forces carry out such tasks or simply placed under the leadership of the CIA. CIA Special Operations agents are often recruited from the Special Forces veterans, it is not surprising.
Clear division of responsibility area worldwide. “Green Beret” troops now compiled five active duty brigades and two by the National Guard usually responsible for the supervision of trained reserve brigade. Five active-duty brigade Total Posts a million people, are responsible for the Pacific, Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, the Americas and Europe in five regions, corresponding to the formation of the US theater setting.According to their topography, political ecology, military deployment, the local language and customs of their respective areas of responsibility, etc., to carry out targeted training.Some troops were deployed in a long-term task of the region belongs to the friendly countries to better combat environment where the familiar. Under the big division, and each brigade has a very fine internal division of labor. A Special Forces squad as the basic combat unit, and its 12 members are familiar with the operations, intelligence, weapons, engineering, medical, communications expertise in one of the six, and by cross-training to master one to two additional expertise.
Ability comprehensive, one play multiple roles. Compared to the commando skills to the extreme to show “Delta” force and “SEAL Team 6”, “Green Beret” troops skill players is more comprehensive and balanced, they not only have excellent commando skills, but also possess a the US military called a “diplomatic warrior” skills that language and culture skills, interpersonal skills and political sensitivity. Due to the wide implementation of anti-terrorism, reconnaissance, foreign internal defense, unconventional warfare task, they have to play a role not only heroic commandos, more mature, alert and flexible intelligence agents, coaches and diplomats. In the recruitment process, the “Green Berets” force requirements should recruit must go through foreign language skills tested, along with social communication, military training, weapons, operational and organizational aspects of directing talent. Taking into account the language and cultural skills through short-term training is difficult to obtain, often targeting special forces in recruiting those with an ethnic minority background or appearance, with skilled foreign language ability. Shortlisted players to accept the harsh physical and fighting skills, while also learning psychological warfare course and language intensive training to ensure that they are trained to play multiple comprehensive ability and quality possible.
Frequent use of the name rarely made public. Since the formation of the “green beret” troops will be frequently used, but in view of the confidentiality of their duties, as well as its inherent low profile style, the message about these tasks rarely made public, it is difficult to see in newspapers. For example, in the late 1950s, they have been sent to Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, South Korea, Indonesia and other places, for the training of local forces; in 1967 was sent to Bolivia, Bolivian Army responsible for training camp do not move, and to assist them killed the central figure of the Cuban revolution, Che Guevara; in 1989 a large-scale invasion of Panama participated in the “just cause” to overthrow Noriega regime. After the Cold War, the United States authorities for their use continues unabated. “Desert Storm” operation, they were deployed in advance to Kuwait and Iraq depth zone, execute several months of secret reconnaissance missions provided an important headquarters for the coalition military intelligence; aggression in Afghanistan “Enduring Freedom” operation, they had a beard riding a mule, local people dressed in costumes, under air fire support, the leadership of the Northern Alliance armed overthrow of the Taliban regime.
Original Mandarin Chinese:
自从第二次世界大战以来，特种作战就以其独特的灵活性、高效性、不对称性，日益成为美国维护战略利益、应对威胁挑战的重要手段方式。近年来，美军特种作战部队更是将任务类型从传统作战领域拓展至非传统作战领域，大有取代常规部队成为信息化战场主角，充当美国对外军事行动“战略尖刀”之势。
战火磨砺“美利坚之刃”
虽然现代特种作战发端于第二次世界大战，但其地位作用被美军充分认识并广泛应用于战争实践则在二战以后。几乎在美国插手的历次局部战争和地区冲突中，都能或隐或现地发现美军特种作战部队的身影，其间的战绩与败笔都成为美军创新发展特种作战的“磨刀石”，使特种作战这一“美利坚之刃”愈加锋利。
越南战争可以说是美军实施大规模、长时间特种作战行动的首次尝试。战争期间，美军特种作战部队广泛承担了清剿游击队、特种侦察、袭击破坏、培训人员等“反暴乱”作战任务，实施了诸如偷袭越南山西战俘营等作战行动。虽然由于战争的非正义性和战略指导的失误，美军始终无法将特种作战取得的战术优势转化为战略胜势，不得不从越南战场黯然撤兵，但特种作战部队在战争中显露出的适应性、机动性、隐蔽性，却获得美军高层肯定，并在随后的战争和武装冲突中得到重点使用。
1980年，为解救被扣押的60多名美国驻伊朗使馆人员，97名美军特战队员从埃及开罗长途奔袭德黑兰。由于在行动过程中突遇沙暴和飞机故障，加之应急预案不周，美军被迫取消计划。但美军并没有丧失信心，反而更加注重在总结经验教训的基础上强力推动特种作战发展。1987年4月，美军正式成立特种作战司令部，统辖陆、海、空所属的特种作战力量，标志着特种作战部队作为一支独立的作战力量正式登上美国战争舞台。
随后，在1989年入侵巴拿马行动、1991年海湾战争、2001年阿富汗战争、2003年伊拉克战争以及2011年利比亚战争中，美军越来越频繁地将特种作战部队用于主要战略方向和关键时节，完成了一个个“不可能的任务”。特别是在阿富汗战争中，借助先进的信息化手段，美军特种作战部队独当一面，创造性地将目标引导、渗透打击、收买瓦解融为一体，使美军在短时间内实现打垮塔利班政权的战争目的。
美军不断推动特种作战部队发展，几乎“每战必特”的原因在于：一是反应灵敏、编成精干，能够快速应对地区性突发事件及非对称威胁；二是行动隐蔽性、突然性强，往往出敌不意，能以最小资源快速达成战略目的，有效降低行动风险；三是作战手段灵活多样，可以作为“全球打击”战役战略构想的重要选择；四是能够较好地与其他作战力量联合行动，形成常规与非常规紧密结合的一体化作战体系。
大体系支撑下的“剑走偏锋”
随着新军事变革深入演进，美军特种作战日益呈现出从接触作战向非接触作战、从规模作战向精兵作战、从武器平台支撑向战略体系支撑、从传统领域向新型领域快速演变的态势，特种作战部队因为能够遂行常规部队不宜执行或难以完成的特殊任务，成为美军克敌制胜的“杀手锏”。
指挥控制趋向战略直达。美军特种作战的指挥控制由国家级、战区级和作战部队级三个层次构成。通常情况下，由国家指挥当局、特种作战司令部、战区司令部、战区下属军种部队司令部或职能司令部的指挥官按级进行作战控制。随着所执行任务的隐秘性、敏感性不断提高，美军越来越强调由战略高层对特种作战进行“直达式”垂直指挥，增强行动的可控性灵活性。例如，2011年，美军在巴基斯坦突袭本·拉丹住所并将之击毙时，奥巴马和他的决策团队在万里之遥的美国白宫情报室，通过远程视频，进行实时同步指挥。这次行动充分体现了特种作战的战略特质。
特种闪击突出体系支撑。“战术行动，战略支撑；精兵行动，体系支撑；局部行动，全局支撑”已成为美军特种作战的显著特征。仍以击毙本·拉丹的“海王星之矛”突击行动为例，在这场战斗中，表面上美军仅出动4架直升机、24名“海豹”特战队员，用了不到40分钟就击毙了基地组织首脑本·拉丹。但在背后，既有天上35颗卫星、40余架飞机提供强大情报保障，又有海上航母编队接应，还有陆上2个美军驻中亚军事基地的支援，以及近万名各类支援保障人员。这是一次典型的“大体系支撑精兵行动”，深刻折射出信息时代的新战争样式。
作战行动走向全面联合。美军认为，“联合”是特种作战本质之一，需要各军种的全面参与和深度协作。目前，美军特种作战不但实现了与空军从“传感器到射手”的联合，大大提高了其“秒杀”作战能力，而且突破了与中央情报局秘密行动的联合，将中情局情报搜集能力与特种作战部队打击能力有机结合，实现优势互补。尤其是在阿富汗“持久自由行动”以后，美军特种作战更是将与常规部队的联合从战役层次下沉至战术层次，实现小分队一级的一体化作战。据统计，2004年美军实施的代号“山地风暴”清剿行动中，美特种作战部队就与常规部队进行了62次联合战术行动，其中40次行动是在连一级实施的，22次行动是在营一级进行的。
行动效果追求一击制敌。美军特种作战历来重视对敌方高价值目标的直接打击，企图以此加快作战进程迅速达成战略目的。从近期几场局部战争实践看，美军特种作战经常将对方首脑及领导层作为先期重点打击目标，实施所谓的“斩首攻击”，通过突然迅猛出其不意的攻击，达到“一剑封喉”、一击制敌的战略效果。从伊拉克战争首次对萨达姆使用这种战法，到利比亚战争对卡扎菲故技重施，虽然没有直接达成目的，但美军的特种作战对敌方决策层的心理震撼却是不可估量的，极大动摇了对方的抵抗意志，起到了“硬打击”与“软杀伤”的双重功效。可以预想，美军这种“剑走偏锋”式的特种作战还将会不断上演。
着力锻造“全球力量”
当前，美军已将特种作战、无人机作战和网络作战列为对未来作战有重大意义的“新三位一体”力量，加以重点建设，希望打造一支反应灵敏、既小又狠、多维多能的特战“全球力量”。
强化海外部署，扩大规模数量。近期，美军大幅减少海外军事存在，但海外美军特种作战部队人数却在不断增加，部署国家和地区数量也在显著上升。据报道，小布什政府末期，美军特种作战部队大约部署在全球60个国家，到2010年增加至75个。截至2015年，美国特种作战部队已经部署到世界上135个国家。为了满足不断增长的任务需求，在各军兵种普遍裁员的大背景下，美军特种作战部队不减反增，人数从2001年的3.3万人增至2014年的近7万人，增加了约一倍，其中80%部署在海外。美军高层认为，扩大特种作战部队海外部署的规模，将显著提高美军介入全球事务特别是应对突发事件的能力。
优化作战编组，增建新型部队。为适应反恐战争样式多样化的特点，美军调整特种作战部队结构的步伐明显加快。近几年调整重点为：缩小特种作战小组规模，实现力量“小型化”；增加新的任务部队，陆续组建民事司令部、非正规战联队及心理战大队，增强非传统领域作战能力，实现遂行任务“多元化”；优化特种作战分队编组，根据任务类型，灵活将行动专家、通信专家、心理专家、爆破专家等不同专长人员进行混合编组，提高复杂战场适应能力，实现作战单元“合成化”。
全面更新装备，提升新质作战能力。近年来，美军不断加大投入，研发新型特种作战装备：一是“单兵战斗系统”，主要由激光测距仪、摄像机、环境传感器、弹道计算机以及目标跟踪装置组成，具有自动发射和打击遮蔽物背后目标的功能，提高单兵独立作战能力；二是远程投送工具，改进MC-130H特种作战飞机和采购V-22偏转翼飞机，利用机载精确的地形跟踪雷达、导航系统以及飞机高速性，提升特种作战部队远程机动和敌后渗透能力；三是新概念武器，主要是破坏敌电子设备的计算机病毒、电磁脉冲武器等。这些新武器一旦装备部队，将使美军特种作战手段更加丰富，任务领域更加多样。
不是每名特战队员都戴绿色贝雷帽
——美国陆军特种部队解密
■史志达 赵蔚彬
在美军术语中，“特种作战部队”（Special Operation Forces）与“特种部队”（Special Forces）是同时存在的两个概念。前者是美军特种作战司令部下辖所有部队的统称，包括陆军特种部队、75突击队、海豹突击队、“三角洲”部队和海豹6队等；后者则专指陆军特种部队，即“绿色贝雷帽”部队。该部队因被肯尼迪亲自授权佩戴与其他兵种不一样的绿色贝雷帽而得名。
历史悠久，与中情局渊源甚深。1952年美军组建第一支“绿色贝雷帽”部队，便是以战略情报局（中情局前身）领导下的“杰德堡”部队为模板。二战期间，“杰德堡”队员曾受命进入被占领的法国、比利时和荷兰境内，为该地区抵抗组织提供武器和补给，并充当其与盟军最高指挥部的联系渠道。负责组建该部队的阿伦·班克上校曾是战略情报局的一名老兵，后效力于中情局，有着丰富的秘密行动经验。该部队最初被赋予的任务是：假设苏联占领西欧，他们将留在苏军战线后方组织非常规战。至今，非常规战依然是美国陆军特种部队的核心任务之一。由于该任务往往需要在和平时期秘密进行或在战争打响之前就做好准备，而和平时期执行秘密行动任务属于中情局的责任领域，所以特种部队执行此类任务时往往需要与中情局合作或干脆置于中情局的领导之下。中情局特别行动处的特工往往从特种部队老兵中招募，也就不足为奇。
分工明确，责任区域覆盖全球。“绿色贝雷帽”部队现编5个现役大队和2个平时由国民警卫队负责训练督导的后备役大队。5个现役大队总员额一万余人，分别负责太平洋、非洲、中东中亚、美洲和欧洲五个区域，与美国战区设置形成对应。他们根据各自责任区域的地形、政治生态、军事部署、当地语言和风土人情等特点，开展针对性训练。有些部队被长期部署在所属任务区域的某个友好国家，以更好地熟悉那里的作战环境。在大的分工之下，每个大队内部又有着极为精细的分工。作为特种部队最基本的作战单元的A小队，其12名队员分别谙熟作战、情报、武器、工程、医疗、通信六项专长中的一项，同时通过交叉训练掌握另外一到两项专长。
能力全面，一身扮演多重角色。相比将突击队技能展现到极致的“三角洲”部队和“海豹6队”，“绿色贝雷帽”部队队员的技能则更加全面和均衡，他们不仅拥有出色的突击队技能，还拥有一种被美军称为“外交勇士”的技能，即语言文化技能、人际交往能力和政治敏感性。由于广泛执行反恐、侦察、外国内部防卫、非常规战等任务，他们要扮演的角色不仅是英勇善战的突击队员，更是成熟、机警而灵活的情报员、教练员和外交官。在招募过程中，“绿色贝雷帽”部队要求应招人员必须经过外语技能测试，同时具备社会交际、军事训练、武器操作和组织指挥方面的天赋。考虑到语言和文化技能难以通过短期训练取得，特种部队在招募时往往瞄准那些具备少数民族背景或外貌、具备熟练外语能力的人。列入备选名单的队员在接受严酷的体能和战斗技能训练的同时，还要学习心理战课程并进行语言方面的强化训练，确保他们练就身兼多能的全面能力素质。
运用频繁，名字很少见诸报端。自组建以后，“绿色贝雷帽”部队便被频繁使用，但鉴于他们任务的保密性，以及其固有的低姿态作风，关于这些任务的消息很少公之于众，更是难见报端。比如上世纪50年代中后期，他们先后被派往泰国、越南、菲律宾、韩国、印尼等地，用于训练当地部队；1967年被派往玻利维亚，负责训练玻利维亚陆军别动营，并协助他们杀害了古巴革命核心人物切·格瓦拉；1989年大规模参与了入侵巴拿马的“正义事业”行动，推翻了诺列加政权。冷战结束后，美国当局对他们的运用有增无减。“沙漠风暴”行动中，他们被提前部署到科威特和伊拉克境内的纵深地带，执行为期数月的秘密侦察任务，为联军司令部提供了重要军事情报；在侵略阿富汗的“持久自由”行动中，他们留着胡须、骑着骡马、身着当地人民的服装，在空中火力的支援下，领导北方联盟武装推翻了塔利班政权。
来源：解放军报