The Way of Internet Governance with Chinese Characteristics and the Strategic Thought of Network Power

網絡安全和信息化事關黨的長期執政，事關國家長治久安，事關經濟社會發展和人民群眾福祉。習近平同志站在我們黨“過不了互聯網這一關，就過不了長期執政這一關”的政治高度，準確把握信息化變革帶來的機遇和挑戰，明確提出要努力把我國建設成為網絡強國。中央黨史和文獻研究院編輯的《習近平關於網絡強國論述摘編》一書的第三部分，以“努力把我國建設成為網絡強國”為題，收入了習近平同志的相關論述。

縱觀世界文明史，人類先後經歷了農業革命、工業革命、信息革命。每一次產業技術革命，都給人類生產生活帶來巨大而深刻的影響。如今，以互聯網為代表的信息技術日新月異，引領了社會生產新變革，創造了人類生活新空間，拓展了國家治理新領域，極大提高了人類認識世界、改造世界的能力。互聯網讓世界變成了“雞犬之聲相聞”的地球村，相隔萬里的人們不再“老死不相往來”。世界因互聯網而更多彩，生活因互聯網而更豐富。

人類社會正在經歷偉大的信息革命，中國正處在信息化快速發展的歷史進程之中，信息革命時代潮流與中華民族偉大復興歷史進程發生了歷史性交匯，為我們全面建設社會主義現代化國家帶來新的機遇和挑戰。習近平同志指出，信息化為中華民族帶來了千載難逢的機遇。我們正逢其時，要順勢而為、乘勢而上、相向而行。

隨著網絡信息技術日新月異，全面融入社會生產生活，也深刻改變著全球經濟格局、利益格局、安全格局。世界主要國家都把互聯網作為經濟發展、技術創新的重點，把互聯網作為謀求競爭新優勢的戰略方向。能不能適應和引領互聯網發展，成為決定大國興衰的一個關鍵。誰掌握了互聯網，誰就把握住了時代主動權；誰輕視互聯網，誰就會被時代所拋棄。一定程度上可以說，得網絡者得天下。信息化為我國搶占新一輪發展制高點、構築國際競爭新優勢提供了有利契機。

中國高度重視互聯網發展，自接入國際互聯網以來，我們按照積極利用、科學發展、依法管理、確保安全的思路，加強信息基礎設施建設，發展網絡經濟，推進信息惠民。同時，我們依法開展網絡空間治理，網絡空間日漸清朗。儘管起步稍晚，但經過二十多年努力，迅速縮短了同發達國家的信息化差距，成為舉世矚目的網絡大國。同時也要看到，雖然我國網絡信息技術和網絡安全保障取得了不小成績，但同世界先進水平相比還有很大差距。我們在自主創新方面還相對落後，區域和城鄉差異比較明顯，國內互聯網發展瓶頸仍然較為突出。

黨的十八大以來，以習近平同志為核心的黨中央審時度勢、高瞻遠矚，順勢應時，吹響了向網絡強國進軍的號角。 2014年2月27日，在中央網絡安全和信息化領導小組第一次會議上，習近平同志提出，要從國際國內大勢出發，總體佈局，統籌各方，創新發展，努力把我國建設成為網絡強國。

建設網絡強國是黨中央從黨和國家事業發展全局出發作出的重大決策。黨的十八大以後，黨中央從進行具有許多新的歷史特點的偉大斗爭出發，重視互聯網、發展互聯網、治理互聯網，作出一系列重大決策、提出一系列重大舉措，推動網信事業取得了歷史性成就。

我們提出建設網絡強國戰略目標，網信工作頂層設計和總體架構基本確立，出台《關於加強網絡安全和信息化工作的意見》，基本理順互聯網管理領導體制機制，形成全國“一盤棋”工作格局；網絡意識形態安全得到切實維護，做大做強網上正面宣傳，在管網治網上出重拳、亮利劍，打贏網絡意識形態領域一系列重大斗爭，根本扭轉了過去網上亂象叢生、陣地淪陷、被動挨打的狀況，網絡空間正能量更加強勁、主旋律更加高昂；國家網絡安全屏障進一步鞏固，制定實施網絡安全法，加強網絡安全保障能力建設，關鍵信息基礎設施安全保護不斷強化，網絡違法犯罪活動得到有效遏制，全社會網絡安全意識和防護能力明顯增強；網信軍民融合取得階段性成效，網絡安全威懾反制能力不斷增強；注重發揮信息化對經濟社會發展的驅動引領作用，“互聯網+”行動計劃深入實施，數字經濟、共享經濟蓬勃發展；信息領域核心技術創新取得積極進展，新一代移動通信（5G）、高性能計算、量子通信等技術研究實現突破，一批網信企業躋身世界前列；網絡空間國際話語權和影響力顯著提升，高舉網絡主權大旗，推動構建網絡空間命運共同體，積極參與全球互聯網治理進程，創設並成功舉辦世界互聯網大會，中國理念、中國主張、中國方案贏得越來越多認同和支持；加快網絡基礎設施建設和信息化服務普及，網上交易、手機支付、共享出行等新技術新應用廣泛普及，電子政務加速發展，網絡扶貧紮實推進，社會治理和基本公共服務水平持續提升，人民群眾有了更多獲得感、幸福感、安全感。這些歷史性成就的取得，充分證明黨中央關於加強黨對網信工作集中統一領導的決策和對網信工作作出的一系列戰略部署是完全正確的。

新時代呼喚新思想，新實踐孕育新理論。在努力建設網絡強國的進程中，我們不斷推進理論創新和實踐創新，不僅走出一條中國特色治網之道，而且提出一系列新思想新觀點新論斷，形成了網絡強國戰略思想。概括起來，主要有以下幾個方面。

第一，明確網信工作在黨和國家事業全局中的重要地位。我們提出，沒有網絡安全就沒有國家安全，沒有信息化就沒有現代化，網絡安全和信息化事關黨的長期執政，事關國家長治久安，事關經濟社會發展和人民群眾福祉，過不了互聯網這一關，就過不了長期執政這一關，要把網信工作擺在黨和國家事業全局中來謀劃，切實加強黨的集中統一領導。

Network security and informatization are related to the long-term governance of the party, the long-term stability of the country, economic and social development and the well-being of the people. Comrade Xi Jinping stood at the political height of our party “If you can’t pass the hurdle of the Internet, you can’t pass the hurdle of long-term governance”, accurately grasped the opportunities and challenges brought about by the informatization revolution, and clearly stated that we should strive to build our country into a cyber power. The third part of the book “Excerpts of Xi Jinping’s Discussions on Internet Power” edited by the Central Academy of Party History and Documentation is titled “Strive to Build my country into a Cyber ​​Power” and includes relevant expositions by Comrade Xi Jinping.

Looking at the history of world civilizations, humanity has successively undergone agricultural revolution, industrial revolution and information revolution. Every revolution in industrial technology has had a huge and profound impact on human production and life. Today, information technology represented by the Internet is changing with each passing day, leading new changes in social production, creating a new space for human life, expanding new areas of national governance, and greatly improving human ability to understand and transform the world. The Internet has turned the world into a global village where “the voices of chickens and dogs hear each other”, and people separated by thousands of miles no longer “do not communicate with each other”. The world is more colorful because of the Internet, and life is richer because of the Internet.

Human society is undergoing a great information revolution, and China is in the historical process of rapid development of informatization. The trend of the era of information revolution and the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation have had a historic intersection, which has brought great benefits to us in building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. New opportunities and challenges. Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out that informatization has brought golden opportunities to the Chinese nation. We are at the right time, and we must follow the trend, ride on the trend, and meet each other halfway.

With the rapid development of network information technology and its comprehensive integration into social production and life, it has also profoundly changed the global economic pattern, interest pattern, and security pattern. Major countries in the world regard the Internet as the focus of economic development and technological innovation, and regard the Internet as a strategic direction for seeking new competitive advantages. Whether it can adapt to and lead the development of the Internet has become a key to determining the rise and fall of a big country. Whoever controls the Internet will grasp the initiative of the times; whoever despises the Internet will be abandoned by the times. To a certain extent, it can be said that those who win the Internet win the world. Informatization provides a favorable opportunity for my country to seize the commanding heights of a new round of development and build new advantages in international competition.

China attaches great importance to the development of the Internet. Since its access to the international Internet, we have strengthened the construction of information infrastructure, developed the network economy, and promoted information to benefit the people in accordance with the ideas of active utilization, scientific development, law-based management, and security assurance. At the same time, we have carried out cyberspace governance in accordance with the law, and cyberspace has become increasingly clear. Although it started relatively late, after more than 20 years of hard work, it quickly narrowed the informatization gap with developed countries and became a network powerhouse that has attracted worldwide attention. At the same time, we must also see that although my country’s network information technology and network security have made great achievements, there is still a big gap compared with the world’s advanced level. We are still relatively backward in terms of independent innovation, the differences between regions and urban and rural areas are relatively obvious, and the bottleneck of domestic Internet development is still relatively prominent.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has judged the situation, looked far ahead, followed the trend, and sounded the clarion call to march towards a cyber power. On February 27, 2014, at the first meeting of the Central Network Security and Informatization Leading Group, Comrade Xi Jinping proposed that we should proceed from the international and domestic trends, make an overall layout, coordinate all parties, innovate and develop, and strive to build my country into a cyber power .

Building a cyber power is a major decision made by the Party Central Committee based on the overall development of the Party and the country. After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee proceeded from the great struggle with many new historical characteristics, attached importance to the Internet, developed the Internet, and governed the Internet. sexual achievement.

We put forward the strategic goal of building a strong network country, basically established the top-level design and overall structure of network information work, issued the “Opinions on Strengthening Network Security and Informatization Work”, basically straightened out the Internet management leadership system and mechanism, and formed a national “one game of chess” work pattern; The security of Internet ideology has been effectively safeguarded, positive online propaganda has been made bigger and stronger, and heavy blows and sharp swords have been used to manage and control the Internet. A series of major struggles in the field of Internet ideology have been won, which has fundamentally reversed the past. In the situation of being occupied and passively beaten, the positive energy of cyberspace is stronger and the main theme is more high-spirited; the national network security barrier is further consolidated, the network security law is formulated and implemented, the construction of network security guarantee capabilities is strengthened, and the security protection of key information infrastructure is continuously strengthened. Activities have been effectively curbed, and the awareness of network security and protection capabilities of the whole society have been significantly enhanced; the military-civilian integration of network information has achieved phased results, and the network security deterrence and countermeasure capabilities have been continuously enhanced; attention has been paid to the driving and leading role of informatization in economic and social development, “Internet + “The action plan has been implemented in depth, the digital economy and the sharing economy have flourished; positive progress has been made in core technology innovation in the information field, breakthroughs have been made in the research of new-generation mobile communication (5G), high-performance computing, quantum communication and other technologies, and a number of network information enterprises have entered the world In the forefront; the international discourse power and influence of cyberspace have been significantly improved, holding high the banner of cyber sovereignty, promoting the construction of a community of shared future in cyberspace, actively participating in the process of global Internet governance, creating and successfully hosting the World Internet Conference, and winning More and more recognition and support; speed up the construction of network infrastructure and the popularization of information services, the widespread popularization of new technologies and new applications such as online transactions, mobile payment, and shared travel; the accelerated development of e-government affairs; The service level continues to improve, and the people have a greater sense of gain, happiness, and security. The achievement of these historic achievements fully proves that the Party Central Committee’s decision on strengthening the party’s centralized and unified leadership over cybersecurity and informatization work and a series of strategic deployments for cybersecurity and informatization work are completely correct.

The new era calls for new ideas, and new practices breed new theories. In the process of striving to build a strong network country, we have continuously promoted theoretical innovation and practical innovation, not only blazing a way to govern the network with Chinese characteristics, but also put forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints and new conclusions, forming the strategic thinking of a strong network country. To sum up, there are mainly the following aspects.

First, clarify the important position of cybersecurity and informatization work in the overall situation of the party and the country. We propose that there will be no national security without network security, and no modernization without informatization. If we do not pass the hurdle of being in power for a long time, we must place cybersecurity and informatization work in the overall planning of the party and the country, and earnestly strengthen the party’s centralized and unified leadership.

Second, clarify the strategic goal of building a cyber power. We propose that we must accelerate the construction of a cyber power from the height of realizing the “two centenary” goals and the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In accordance with the requirements of strong technology, strong content, strong foundation, strong talents, and strong international discourse power, we must move towards the basic popularization of network infrastructure, significant enhancement of independent innovation capabilities, comprehensive development of the digital economy, strong network security guarantees, and balanced network offensive and defensive capabilities. Keep moving forward, and finally achieve the goal of advanced technology, developed industry, both offensive and defensive capabilities, full control of network control, and indestructible network security.

Third, clarify the principles and requirements for building a cyber power. We propose that we must adhere to the principles of innovative development, governing by law, ensuring security, promoting benefits and eliminating disadvantages, and benefiting the people, adhere to innovation-driven development, cultivate new kinetic energy with informatization, and use new kinetic energy to promote new development; adhere to the rule of law, so that the Internet will always be under the rule of law. We will continue to operate healthily on track; adhere to the correct concept of network security, and build a national network security barrier; adhere to the principle of equal emphasis on preventing risks and promoting healthy development, and grasp opportunities and challenges, so that the Internet can better benefit the society; The people have a greater sense of gain in sharing the fruits of Internet development.

Fourth, clarify the international propositions for Internet development and governance. We propose to adhere to the four principles of global Internet governance: respecting Internet sovereignty, maintaining peace and security, promoting openness and cooperation, and building a good order. The five-point proposal for building a community of shared future in cyberspace, such as ensuring network security and building an Internet governance system, emphasizes joint advancement of development, joint maintenance of security, joint participation in governance, and joint sharing of achievements, and jointly build a peaceful, secure, open, and cooperative cyberspace.

Fifth, clarify the basic methods for doing a good job in cybersecurity and informatization work. We realize that cybersecurity and informatization work involves many fields, and it is necessary to strengthen overall planning and coordination, implement comprehensive management, and form a strong work force. It is necessary to grasp the dialectical relationship between security and development, freedom and order, openness and autonomy, management and service, and comprehensively promote various tasks such as network content construction, network security, informatization, and international governance of cyberspace.

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thoughts on the network power, adhere to the Marxist position, viewpoint and method, based on the new era background of human beings entering the information society, systematically summed up our party’s practical experience in network management and network governance, and profoundly answered why we should build a network power and how to build a network power. A series of major theoretical and practical issues such as building a powerful network country, with a high-level view, overall control, profound thinking, and rich connotations, have become the guide to action leading the development of my country’s Internet information industry, and are the fundamental principles for doing a good job in Internet information work. Continuously enrich and develop.

Focusing on the overall development of human society, Comrade Xi Jinping creatively put forward the concept of making the Internet better benefit the world and the people of all countries, and building a community with a shared future in cyberspace. He proposed a Chinese plan for global Internet development and governance, and contributed Chinese wisdom. The mind of a responsible big country and Comrade Xi Jinping’s broad mind of the leader of a big country to seek peace and development for the world and civilization and progress for mankind.

We must combine in-depth study of Comrade Xi Jinping’s important expositions on building a strong network country, strengthen the “four consciousnesses”, strengthen the “four self-confidence”, and achieve “two safeguards”, constantly explore new paths for building a strong network country, and open up a new realm of global network governance , Let the Internet become a powerful boost to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

(Author: Xu Shan, Director of the Second Division of the First Research Department of the Central Academy of Party History and Documentation, Deputy Editor)

普通話來源：http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-03/08/c_161677810000.htm