中國軍隊智慧化戰爭綜合觀 | 解放軍智能化戰爭理論創新分析
現代英語：
Scientific military theory is combat effectiveness. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the application of military intelligence in various countries around the world is accelerating, which is triggering a chain of breakthroughs in the military field and promoting the accelerated evolution of human warfare towards intelligent forms. To keep up with the development of intelligent warfare, we need to adapt to changes in technology, warfare, and opponents, grasp the evolution trend of intelligent warfare, master the winning mechanism of intelligent warfare, dispel the “fog” of intelligent warfare, and efficiently and innovatively develop intelligent warfare combat theories.
Sharply grasp the innovation trend of combat theory of “winning by intelligence”
Fully recognizing the development trend of intelligent warfare in the future is the premise for innovating the theory of intelligent warfare. First, the innovation mode of intelligent warfare theory has evolved from “innovation due to war” to “innovation before war”. Information power and intelligence power are the key factors for winning intelligent warfare. Weapons and equipment are being updated at an accelerated pace due to the support of intelligent technology. Intelligent means can visualize wars that have not yet begun. The development and evolution of intelligent warfare has continuously compressed the space and time for traditional weapons and tactics to play a role. The “innovation due to war” operational theory innovation mode based on experience summary of wars that have occurred or are occurring has been difficult to keep up with the evolution of intelligent warfare forms. The “innovation before war” operational theory innovation based on reasonable speculation and scientific deduction will become possible. Second, the content of intelligent warfare operational theory innovation has evolved from “keeping pace with the times” to “pre-time advancement”. The innovation of traditional operational theory is based on “what kind of weapons to fight what kind of war”, and studies “using current tactics to fight future wars”. Tactical innovation and weapon equipment updates are almost synchronized or slightly behind in time, which is a synchronous correlation of “keeping pace with the times”. The battlefield of intelligent warfare is constantly expanding from traditional space and time to new space-time fields. The battle outcome has shifted from being dominated by the battlefield space to being dominated by the preparation space. Tactical innovation and weapon equipment updates are forward-looking designs that focus on the future in terms of time. They are “fighting future wars with future tactics” and will present a “forward-looking and forward-looking” relationship. Third, the winning mechanism of intelligent warfare has evolved from “winning by tactics” to “winning by algorithms”. In intelligent warfare, a large number of unmanned intelligent weapons will go to the battlefield and dominate the direction of the war. The key to intelligence is algorithms, and the traditional winning mechanism of “winning by tactics” will be replaced by “winning by algorithms”. The key to algorithms is “computing power”, and “computing power” determines “combat power”. The development of intelligent weapons has prompted tactical innovation to move forward to the “algorithm field”, turning tactics into algorithms and solidifying tactics into technology, which may be the logical starting point for the innovation of future intelligent warfare combat theories. Fourth, the dominant factors of intelligent warfare have evolved from people’s “magic calculations” to machines’ “intelligent calculations”. In intelligent warfare, a large number of new weapons and equipment are “on stage”. Commanders have limited time to deploy troops on the battlefield, and the “window” for relying on tactics to make up for technical disadvantages is reduced. Tactical design will be more integrated into systematic weapons and equipment and iterative training through algorithm design before the war. Traditional combat rules are subverted, bottlenecks that restrict combat are broken, and combat effects are controlled. The way to win the war will subvert existing cognition. Intelligent weapons and equipment rely on powerful computing power to become a key link in the combat system, and their “intelligent calculation” ability will surpass the “magic calculation” ability of humans.
Constructing a combat theory innovation system that adheres to the principle of “innovation before war”
The innovation of intelligent warfare theory should play the leading role of combat concepts, establish a dynamically updated innovation system, and study “fighting future wars with future tactics”. First, build a “new before war” innovation paradigm. Use intelligent means to visualize and construct future war scenarios, and then drive combat theory innovation, open up a closed loop of combat concept proposal, demonstration, and dynamic update of application, and organically integrate with weapons and equipment research and development, prepare new, advanced, and proven combat theories and weapons and equipment before the war starts, and build a “new before war” intelligent warfare theory innovation paradigm. Second, reconstruct the “unmanned intelligent” combat theory system architecture. Focusing on the changes in future combat forms, update traditional thinking patterns, study the winning mechanism of intelligent warfare, design and innovate the use of intelligent weapons and tactics, boldly conceive new models of intelligent warfare, and innovate unmanned combat and intelligent combat theory systems. Third, strengthen the overall management of “specializing in the main business”. Improve and perfect the relevant work systems and mechanisms for supervising and promoting the innovation of intelligent warfare theory, so that combat theory innovation can be transformed from special tasks to normal tasks, and ensure that there is a basis for construction and measures for implementation. Fourth, create an academic ecology of “open innovation”. We should fully develop academic democracy, open the door to innovation in operational theory, adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts, adhere to quality standards, mobilize personnel to participate extensively in the development of operational concepts, pool wisdom, innovate, and make breakthroughs, so as to promote the iterative updating of operational concepts.
Build a combat theory innovation platform to support “anticipating the times”
The development of war games, virtual simulation and other technologies has made it possible to conduct “preliminary” research on tactics, and combat laboratories have become the main battlefield for the innovation of future combat theories. First, we should increase the construction of combat laboratories. Combat theory innovation is a pre-practical study of war. In the past, it was difficult to conduct scientific deductions of combat due to the limitations of means. With the iterative development and improvement of war game deduction systems and simulation systems, virtual simulation technology is used to realistically set up future battlefield scenarios and allow the warring parties to highly simulate confrontation. By building combat laboratories and creating a pre-practice platform for combat innovation, we can not only conduct in-depth simulation demonstration and scientific evaluation for innovative tactics, test the feasibility of combat theories and put forward improvement suggestions, but also use the deep learning function of intelligent deduction systems to simulate possible situations of future warring parties, innovate tactics in confrontation deductions, put forward new combat concepts, and promote in-depth innovation of combat theories. Second, we should establish a mechanism for the synchronous integration of theory and technology. Combat theory innovation and weapons and equipment research and development should be integrated simultaneously, and tactics should be “stereotyped” and “materialized” into the combat and technical performance of weapons and equipment, so as to blur and narrow the difference between pre-practice and practice of war as much as possible. We should open up all the links that transform advanced combat concepts into actual combat effectiveness of the troops, and form a new quality combat effectiveness generation mechanism from proposing concepts to establishing experimental troops, evaluation and demonstration, exercise inspection, forming real cases, and special training. We should keep a close eye on the development of advanced technologies from the combination of technology and tactics, and actively integrate the most advanced technology and ideas of mankind into the development of weapons and equipment and the innovation of combat theory. The third is to establish a research and training integrated research and development mechanism. The research and development of weapons and equipment should start from the demonstration link in accordance with the latest developed combat concepts. Professional combat personnel should propose the research and development needs of weapons and equipment and participate in the demonstration and consultation throughout the process; technical R&D personnel should also participate in the training and exercise practice of weapons and equipment of the troops, master the actual use of equipment, promote the improvement and upgrading of equipment, and form a highly integrated combat and technical R&D mechanism in which technical personnel follow training and exercises, and tactical personnel participate in research and discussion.
Effectively strengthen the innovative application of combat theory of “integration of science and technology”
The tactical innovation in the “algorithm field” of intelligent warfare and the “new before war” combat theory innovation model require “advance in advance” to develop intelligent weapons and equipment in advance, and integrate new combat theories into the research and development of weapons and equipment. First, advance tactical innovation. Intelligent combat theory innovation drives the innovation of intelligent weapons and equipment. On the basis of following the winning mechanism, advanced technology is materialized into intelligent weapons and equipment according to tactical requirements, and the tactical effects to be achieved are achieved through the performance update of weapons and equipment, so as to occupy the combat advantage over the enemy in advance. Tactical innovation moves from the battlefield to demonstration meetings, laboratories, and exercise fields, and moves to the key program algorithms for controlling intelligent weapons and equipment. The battlefield becomes a stage for displaying the results of technological and tactical innovation. Second, the performance of pre-equipment. Develop unmanned intelligent weapons and equipment that can adapt to various space environments, can maneuver quickly, can carry out precise strikes and resist complex electromagnetic interference, so that they have the ability of autonomous learning, autonomous adaptation, and autonomous response, and iterative update with technical support. Third, pre-algorithm program. The winner of intelligent warfare must be the one with the ability of “algorithm winning”, and better tactics must be achieved by better algorithms. Advanced algorithms will greatly enhance the “thinking ability” of intelligent weapons and equipment, thereby improving the combat effectiveness of equipment. On future battlefields, a large number of weapons and equipment will quickly calculate and adjust actions according to programs. For example, if there is no strong algorithm support, it will be difficult to achieve autonomous cluster combat, autonomous route planning, autonomous target identification, autonomous mission acceptance, autonomous attack, and autonomous dynamic adaptation for drone “swarm” tactics.
Gather together to build a “highly intelligent and versatile” combat theory innovation team
Intelligent warfare is still a war conducted under the leadership of humans and using intelligent science and technology and weapons and equipment. In essence, it is still a violent conflict in human society. To accelerate the innovation of combat theory, we must maximize the concentration of wisdom. In other words, only by building a group of combat theory talents can we study, understand and win the war. The first is commanders with rich practice. Combat theory innovation is the commander’s specialty and an inherent requirement for victory. Commanders are the brains of the army and determine the development direction and combat concepts of the army. Senior commanders should especially strengthen knowledge and concept updates, keep up with the development trend of intelligent warfare, master the latest developments in intelligent technology, understand the latest developments in intelligent weapons and equipment, innovate strategies and tactics to win intelligent warfare, and keep up with the pace of intelligent warfare development. The second is the commanders and fighters on the front line against the enemy. Grassroots officers and soldiers are closest to the battlefield and have the most vitality for innovation. To maximize the service of combat theory innovation in preparing for war, we must pay attention to stimulating and mobilizing the enthusiasm of grassroots officers and soldiers at the forefront of real military struggles and the front line of training, and vigorously improve the level of combat personnel in the use of intelligent weapons and equipment. Intelligent weapons and equipment are different from traditional weapons and equipment. They require more professional operators and more precise application methods to achieve the best combat effectiveness. They must integrate the functions of combat commanders, equipment R&D designers, and combatants to achieve the reshaping and seamless control of future operations. The third is professional and sophisticated researchers. High-quality professional researchers are the commanding heights of theoretical innovation. To win the pearls of military theory, it is necessary to build a phalanx of theoretical research experts. By building a “small core, large extension” combat theory innovation team, accurately matching needs, tactics and technologies, and quickly transforming intelligent science and technology into intelligent weapons and equipment, intelligent combat capabilities, the “time difference” of technology transformation into weapons can be eliminated, and a benign interaction between research, use and training can be achieved.
現代國語：
李其東
來源：中國軍網-解放軍報 作者：李其東 責任編輯：賀書引2025-02-18 06:23:38
科學的軍事理論就是戰斗力。隨著人工智能技術的迅猛發展，世界各國軍事智能加快應用，正在引發軍事領域鏈式突破，推進人類戰爭加速向智能化形態演進。緊跟智能化戰爭發展，需要適應科技之變、戰爭之變、對手之變，把握智能化戰爭演變趨勢，掌握智能化戰爭制勝機理，驅散智能化戰爭“迷霧”，高效創新發展智能化戰爭作戰理論。
敏銳把握“以智制勝”的作戰理論創新趨勢
充分認清未來智能化戰爭發展趨勢，是創新智能化戰爭作戰理論的前提。一是智能化戰爭作戰理論創新模式由“因戰而新”向“未戰而新”演變。信息力和智能力是智能化戰爭制勝的關鍵因素，武器裝備因為智能技術支撐而呈加速更新狀態，智能化手段可以讓尚未開始的戰爭可視化呈現。智能化戰爭發展演變，使傳統武器和戰術發揮作用的空間和時間被不斷壓縮，根據已經或正在發生的戰爭進行經驗總結的“因戰而新”作戰理論創新模式已經難以跟上智能化戰爭形態的演變速度，基於合理推測與科學推演的“未戰而新”作戰理論創新將成為可能。二是智能化戰爭作戰理論創新內容由“與時俱進”向“預時而進”演變。傳統作戰理論創新立足“有什麼樣的武器打什麼樣的仗”，研究“用現在的戰術打未來的仗”，戰術創新與武器裝備更新在時間上幾乎同步或稍有落後，是“與時俱進”式的同步關聯關系。智能化戰爭戰場不斷從傳統空間、時間向新的時空領域拓展，作戰勝負由戰場空間佔主導向備戰空間佔主導轉移，戰術創新和武器裝備更新在時間上是著眼未來的前瞻設計，是“用未來的戰術打未來的戰爭”，將呈現“預時而進”的關系。三是智能化戰爭制勝機理由“戰法取勝”向“算法取勝”演變。智能化戰爭，大量無人智能武器將走上戰場並主導戰爭走向，智能化的關鍵是算法，傳統靠“戰法取勝”的制勝機理將會被“算法取勝”取代。算法的關鍵是“算力”，“算力”決定“戰力”。智能化武器的發展促使戰術創新前移到“算法領域”，將戰法變算法、將戰術固化為技術，或許是未來智能化戰爭作戰理論創新的邏輯起點。四是智能化戰爭主導因素由人的“神機妙算”向機器的“智機精算”演變。智能化戰爭大量新型武器裝備“登台亮相”，指揮員在戰場上排兵布陣的時間有限，依靠戰術彌補技術劣勢的“窗口”減少，戰術設計將更多在戰前通過算法設計融入成體系的武器裝備和迭代訓練中，傳統作戰規則被顛覆、制約作戰的瓶頸被突破、作戰效果被控制，贏得戰爭的方式將顛覆現有認知。智能化武器裝備依靠強大的算力成為作戰體系的關鍵環節，其“智機精算”能力將超越人的“神機妙算”能力。
構建秉持“未戰而新”的作戰理論創新體系
智能化戰爭作戰理論創新應發揮作戰概念的引領作用，建立動態更新的創新體系，研究“用未來的戰術打未來的戰爭”。一是構建“未戰而新”創新范式。利用智能化手段可視化構建未來戰爭場景，進而牽引作戰理論創新，打通作戰概念提出、論證、應用動態更新的閉合回路，並與武器裝備研發有機融合，在戰爭沒有打響的時候准備好全新的、先進的、經過論證的作戰理論和武器裝備，構建“未戰而新”的智能化戰爭作戰理論創新范式。二是重構“無人智能”作戰理論體系架構。著眼未來作戰形態變化，更新傳統思維模式，研究智能化戰爭制勝機理、設計創新智能化武器戰法運用，大膽構想智能化戰爭新模式，創新無人作戰、智能作戰理論體系。三是加強“專司主營”統籌管理。健全完善主管和推進智能化戰爭作戰理論創新相關工作制度機制，讓作戰理論創新從專項任務變為常態任務，確保抓建有依據、落地有措施。四是營造“開門創新”學術生態。充分發揚學術民主，敞開作戰理論創新大門，堅持實事求是，堅持質量標准，發動人員廣泛參與作戰概念開發，集思廣益、集智創新、集力突破，推動作戰概念迭代更新。
建設支撐“預時而進”的作戰理論創新平台
兵棋、虛擬仿真等技術發展讓戰術的“預先”研究成為可能，作戰實驗室成為未來作戰理論創新的主戰場。一是加大作戰實驗室建設。作戰理論創新是對戰爭的預實踐研究，過去受手段限制，很難對作戰進行科學推演。隨著兵棋推演系統、模擬仿真系統等迭代發展完善，運用虛擬仿真技術將未來戰場情景逼真設置、讓交戰雙方高度模擬對抗。通過建設作戰實驗室，打造作戰創新預實踐平台，既可以為創新的戰術進行深度模擬論證、科學評估，檢驗作戰理論的可行性並提出改進意見，也可以運用智能推演系統深度學習功能，模擬未來交戰雙方可能情況，在對抗推演中創新戰術，提出新作戰概念，促進作戰理論深入創新。二是建立理技同步融合機制。作戰理論創新與武器裝備研發要同步融合，將戰術“定型”並“物化”為武器裝備的戰技術性能，最大可能模糊並縮小戰爭預實踐與戰爭實踐之間的差別。打通將先進作戰概念轉化為部隊實際戰斗力的各個環節，形成從提出概念到成立實驗部隊、評估論證、演習檢驗、形成實案、專項訓練的新質戰斗力生成機制。要從技術和戰術的結合上，緊盯先進技術發展，主動將人類當前最先進的技術和思想觀念融入武器裝備研制和作戰理論創新中。三是建立研訓一體研發機制。武器裝備研發要按照最新開發的作戰概念，從論證環節抓起，由專業作戰人員提出武器裝備研發需求並全程參與論證和咨詢；技術研發人員也要參加部隊武器裝備訓練、演習實踐，掌握裝備實際使用情況，促進裝備改進提升，形成技術人員跟訓跟演、戰術人員參研參論的戰、技高度一體化研發機制。
切實強化“理技融合”的作戰理論創新應用
智能化戰爭“算法領域”的戰術創新和“未戰而新”的作戰理論創新模式，要求“預時而進”前置研發智能化武器裝備，把新的作戰理論預置融入武器裝備研發。一是前置戰術創新。智能化作戰理論創新牽引智能化武器裝備推陳出新。在遵循制勝機理的基礎上，按照戰術要求將先進技術物化為智能化武器裝備，把戰術上需要達成的效果通過武器裝備的性能更新實現，提前佔據對敵作戰優勢，戰術創新從戰場前移到論證會、實驗室、演習場，前移到控制智能化武器裝備的關鍵程序算法上，戰場轉而成為展示技術、戰術創新成果的舞台。二是前置裝備性能。發展適應多種空間環境、能夠快速機動、可以實施精確打擊並抗復雜電磁干擾的無人智能化武器裝備，使之具備自主學習、自主適應、自主反應能力，在技術支持下迭代更新。三是前置算法程序。智能化戰爭獲勝的一方必然是擁有“算法制勝”能力的一方，更好的戰術要靠更好的算法來實現。先進算法會極大提升智能化武器裝備“思維能力”，進而提升裝備戰斗力。未來戰場上，大量武器裝備將根據程序進行快速計算並調整行動。如無人機“蜂群”戰術，如果沒有強大的算法支撐，就很難實現自主集群作戰、自主規劃航線、自主識別目標、自主領取任務、自主展開攻擊、自主動態適應。
匯聚打造“高智多能”的作戰理論創新團隊
智能化戰爭依然是在人主導下、運用智能科學技術和武器裝備進行的戰爭，本質上仍然是人類社會的暴力沖突。加快作戰理論創新，必須最大限度凝聚智慧力量。換言之，只有打造群體化的作戰理論人才方陣，方能研戰知戰勝戰。一是實踐豐富的指揮員。作戰理論創新是指揮員的看家本領，是勝戰的內在要求。指揮員是軍隊的大腦，決定了軍隊的發展方向和作戰理念，高級指揮員尤其要加強知識更新和理念更新，緊跟智能化戰爭發展趨勢，掌握智能技術發展的最新動態、了解智能化武器裝備發展的最新情況、創新打贏智能化戰爭的戰略戰術，跟上智能化戰爭發展步伐。二是一線對敵的指戰員。基層官兵離戰場最近，創新最具活力。讓作戰理論創新最大化服務備戰打仗，必須重視將現實軍事斗爭前沿、練兵一線的基層官兵積極性激發調動起來，大力提升作戰人員智能化武器裝備運用水平。智能化武器裝備不同於傳統武器裝備，需要更加專業的操作人員和更加精准的運用方法才能發揮最佳戰斗效能，要集作戰指揮員、裝備研發設計員、戰斗員功能於一身，實現對未來作戰的重塑和無縫掌控。三是專業精深的研究人員。高素質專業研究人員是理論創新的制高點，摘取軍事理論明珠，需要建好理論研究專家方陣。通過構建“小內核、大外延”的作戰理論創新團隊，精准對接需求、戰術和技術，將智能化科學技術快速轉化為智能化武器裝備、智能化作戰能力，消弭技術向武器轉化的“時間差”，實現研、用、訓良性互動。