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Enhancing and Influencing the Chinese Military Innovation Culture

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弘揚及影響中國軍事創新文化 //2016年01月12日08:XX   来源：解放军报

現代英語：

At the Central Military Commission’s reform work conference, President Xi Jinping emphasized, “We must focus on seizing the strategic commanding heights of future military competition, give full play to the role of innovation-driven development, and cultivate new growth points for combat effectiveness.” This important statement profoundly reveals the important position of military innovation in the strategy of reforming and strengthening the military.

　　History has repeatedly shown that in the process of military competition, whoever occupies the commanding heights of military culture may lead the trend of military innovation, stay ahead of the war and win strategic advantages in advance.

　　The deepening of national defense and military reforms currently underway is closely linked to the new world military revolution. “In this tide of the new world military revolution, whoever is conservative and complacent will miss precious opportunities and fall into strategic passivity.” President Xi’s words are deafening and thought-provoking. In the process of reforming and strengthening the military, every soldier is not a bystander, but a factor of innovation. In the face of reform, can we accurately grasp the latest trends in the development of world military theory and military technology? Can we adapt to the latest changes in the form of war? Can we find the right path and method for innovation? These should be questions that we should think about.

　　Culture senses the changes in the world, stands at the forefront of reform, and is the forerunner of the times. We build a strong military culture by leveraging the unique advantages of culture, breaking the conservative and rigid thinking pattern in the context of thousands of ships competing and hundreds of boats vying for the current, stimulating the vitality of military innovation, and allowing the latest achievements of military cultural innovation to continue to extend to reform.

　　Rocks are flying through the sky, waves are crashing against the shore, in the rolling tide of the new world military revolution, who has awakened and who is still sleeping?

　　–editor

　　The curtain has been raised on deepening the reform of national defense and the military. This reform is carried out against the backdrop of the surging tide of the world’s military revolution and is another milestone in the history of our military development. From “changing chess pieces” to “changing the chessboard”, institutional reform inevitably requires changes in the “rules of the game” and the military system; it requires accelerating the pace of building an informationized army based on a new organizational structure.

　　The new military revolution is a process of continuous innovation, and the informationized army is essentially an innovative army. We need to continuously cultivate a military innovation culture, enhance the vitality of reform, and promote the realization of the strategy of reform and strengthening the army.

　　(one)

　　The new trend of the development of world military culture requires us to strengthen cultural cultivation in the process of change and change the thinking logic of military innovation.

　　In a sense, the so-called strategic vision is the vision of understanding the future. Associated with the change in the field of observation, the “paradigm” of innovative thinking has changed accordingly: in the past, it was: practice-technology-theory. Now it is: theory-technology-practice. Associated with the change in the “paradigm” of thinking, since the 1980s, military innovation has gradually changed from the previous combat demand-driven model to the “theory-driven” model. Theoretical works such as “The Third Wave” and “Future Wars” by the famous American futurist Alvin Toffler have played a great role in the development of information society, information warfare and related technologies. As a result, the logic of military innovation has also changed accordingly. The previous order of innovation development was: scientific and technological progress-weapons and equipment-military theory-combat formation. The current development order is: military theory-scientific and technological progress-weapons and equipment-combat formation. The military culture of the information age has made combat commanders and military theory experts the leaders of military technology innovation.

　　Military theory experts and military technology experts have found that in developed Western countries, the evolution of modern military culture has gone through three stages:

　　Throughout the 19th century and before, most soldiers had not yet realized the huge role of scientific and technological progress in promoting the development of military power. Even a highly innovative military commander like Napoleon easily rejected the suggestion of American scientist Fulton to develop sailless warships. From the beginning of the 19th century to the First World War, although the Industrial Revolution had already affected other areas of society, most soldiers did not think about the role of new technologies in war. They only emphasized the use of existing equipment in their hands and would not think about improving and innovating equipment. This period is called the stage of soldiers “waiting for technology.”

　　At the beginning of the 20th century, the highly developed mechanical industry gradually changed the soldiers’ simple martial concept. On August 8, 1918, in the Battle of Emins, the assault power of the Allied “star” tanks and the bombing power of 300 British aircraft awakened the soldiers from their trenches. In the following 20 years, history has created a large number of new military strategists in the era of mechanized warfare, such as Fuller, Douhet, Guderian, Rommel, Montgomery, de Gaulle, Eisenhower, Zhukov, and Vasilevsky. They are not only proficient in military affairs, but also know the performance characteristics of tanks, aircraft, and other new technological weapons at the time. They regard science and technology as their second major and engineers as their close friends, thus making one innovation after another in the development of tactics. Guderian invented the armored blitzkrieg, Roosevelt accepted Einstein’s suggestion to make the atomic bomb, and Stalin treated a large number of aircraft designers as guests of honor. Because of this, during and after World War II, the military technology and military academic level of these countries have achieved unprecedented and substantial development. This period can be called the stage of “marriage between soldiers and technology”.

　　Since the 1960s and 1970s, due to the rapid development of new technologies such as microelectronics, artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, space, ocean development, new materials, and new energy, the wave of new technological revolution has enabled many far-sighted military strategists to further break the original thinking mode and propose that soldiers should stand at the forefront of scientific and technological development to envision future combat styles, and based on these ideas, in turn propose the goals and directions of military technology innovation. Military defense experts look forward to the development trends in the next 20 to 30 years, design new combat concepts, and innovate combat theories to propose the necessary technical support, and then scientific researchers will meet the new military needs from a technical perspective. Under the organization and guidance of soldiers, military technology has reduced the blindness of development, thereby obtaining faster and more military economic benefits. This period can be said to be the stage of soldiers “leading technology”.

　　The change from soldiers “waiting for technology” and “marrying technology” to “leading technology” reflects the objective trend of the increasingly close relationship between the development of military science and science and technology. This trend forces soldiers to change from being bystanders of technological development to being leaders of technological development.

　　In my country, due to the loss of the opportunity of the first industrial revolution, military culture is still in the stage of “waiting for technology” and “marrying technology”. The military concept that emphasizes history and neglects the future is used to designing our army’s tomorrow according to the opponent’s today; it is used to thinking about our army of tomorrow and fighting against today’s opponent.

　　On the journey of reform, many comrades’ ideas are still stuck in the Gulf War, Kosovo War, Afghanistan War, and Iraq War, which have been 15 or 20 years. The US military proposed the third “offset strategy” to select disruptive new technologies and create new “asymmetric military advantages.” The new military revolution will thus see a turning point: a new form of warfare – light warfare based on autonomous systems is slowly coming. In order to fulfill the historical mission of military reform and meet new challenges, we must strengthen cultural cultivation and transform the thinking logic of military innovation.

　　(two)

　　The cultural core of an army is deeply hidden in its military philosophy. In the process of implementing the strategy of reforming and strengthening the army, we should use modern scientific methods to carry out military innovation.

　　In human history, every great era not only gives people great tasks, but also provides people with new methods. Only those who have clearly defined the great tasks and mastered the new methods can lead the trend of the times.

　　The history of scientific development shows that many major scientific and technological innovations, as well as the raising and solving of major scientific problems, are often the result of certain breakthroughs in scientific methods. Galileo’s discovery of the laws of falling motion and the law of inertia is inseparable from his systematic use of experimental and mathematical methods; Darwin’s creation of the theory of biological evolution benefited from the scientific observation method and the historical comparison method; the theoretical experimental method played an important role in the emergence of Einstein’s theory of relativity; Marx’s “Capital” was able to deeply analyze the complex capitalist society and achieve great success. One of the important reasons is that he cleverly applied the method of unity of logic and history, as well as the method of scientific abstraction, taking the “simplest, most common, and most basic things” – commodities, as the logical and historical starting point of scientific research, rising from the concreteness of perception to the abstract provisions, and then from the abstract provisions to the concreteness of thinking.

　　Similarly, innovation in military theory also first relies on the new methods of the times. The Art of War was published in China in the late Spring and Autumn Period because the ancient system theory represented by “yin and yang” and “five elements” had matured and been complete by then; Clausewitz wrote On War because Newton’s mechanics and Hegel’s dialectics provided him with weapons to study war; Mao Zedong’s military thought is the result of Comrade Mao Zedong’s use of Marxist philosophical methods to study the practice of China’s revolutionary war.

　　The scientific and technological revolution has promoted the improvement of social productivity and military combat effectiveness, and also prompted the development of philosophical thought.

　　The “three major discoveries” of the 19th century (evolution, cytology, and conservation and transformation of energy) led to the end of German classical philosophy and the emergence of Marxist philosophy.

　　In the 20th century, the emergence of relativity, quantum mechanics and life sciences, the development of information technology, biotechnology, nanotechnology, new materials technology, and Internet technology have changed and are continuing to change the world’s landscape. In the 1960s and 1970s, along with the wave of new technological revolution, the revolution of scientific methods reached an unprecedented high, showing the trend of natural science research methods, methods, models and concepts penetrating and blending into the field of social sciences. New scientific methodologies have emerged one after another: system theory, control theory, synergy theory, mutation theory, information theory, discrete theory, functional theory, intelligence theory, optimization theory, reaction theory, fuzzy theory, art theory, as well as “chaos” and “fractals”. From a philosophical perspective, the methods proposed by these cross-disciplinary disciplines can be summarized as system methods and complex system methods.

　　In 1958, after the U.S. military implemented the separation of military administration and military command, it did not quickly regain vitality. The Pentagon’s resource management was in chaos and was still in a precarious situation. In 1960, McConamara took over the Ministry of Defense. In response to the chaotic situation in which the three armed forces acted independently in the use of national defense resources, he proposed the management principle of “combining centralized guidance with decentralized implementation” in 1962, adopted the system engineering method, coordinated the planning of national defense and weapons and equipment construction, and proposed a “Planning, Programming and Budgeting System (PPBS)”, which straightened out the relationship for the construction of the U.S. military and saved resources.

　　In 1986, the U.S. military implemented the Department of Defense Reform Act, which centralized the power of the Department of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff and established a new set of regulations that unified centralization and authorization. This ensured the smooth implementation of joint operations and laid the foundation for future integrated joint operations.

　　At the beginning of the 21st century, when Donald Rumsfeld was the Secretary of Defense, according to the development of the new military revolution, the U.S. military changed the PPBS system’s management habits based on target tasks and proposed a PPBE system based on capability requirements, namely “Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution System”.

　　The PPBS system and the PPBE system are both typical applications of the system science method in national defense management. From a methodological perspective, the characteristics of these systems are: grasping the reality from the future, determining capabilities based on missions and tasks, and driving technology creation and selecting combat formations based on capability requirements. In short, the “upstream” determines the “downstream”, the “top” determines the “bottom”, and the “front end” determines the “back end”.

　　The ideas of system theory and complexity methods have been deeply applied in the transformation of the US military. They believe that previous military theories, namely the theories of famous scholars such as Clausewitz and Jomini, are all based on Newtonian mechanics. In today’s operations, the enemy’s military organization and combat operations must be regarded as a system. In this way, only complexity theory, which Newtonian methods cannot do at all, can be used to describe, predict, and select corresponding confrontational actions. For example, the concept of “friction” often used by Clausewitz in “On War” originated from Newtonian mechanics. It can be said to be a concept of physical war, reflecting the characteristics of war in the pre-industrial era. No matter how tightly organized the army was at that time, it was inevitable to face shocks and hysteresis, frontier confrontation and confrontation. Therefore, Clausewitz used Newtonian mechanics as the main method to understand, study, and guide war. In today’s information warfare, the purpose of war has changed from “destroying the enemy and preserving oneself” to “controlling the enemy and realizing interests.” Therefore, a major change in the confrontation method is from large-scale destruction to increasing the “entropy value” within the enemy organization and increasing the “negative entropy value” within one’s own organization (“entropy” is a description of the disorder within the organization). The more information-based, integrated, and sophisticated a military is, the more vulnerable it becomes. An important principle in modern military construction is to minimize the vulnerability of its own disintegration and collapse; an important principle in war guidance is to actively create and exploit the vulnerability within the enemy.

　　Today, when evaluating a military system, we cannot only look at the amount of matter, energy and information it possesses, but also its anti-destruction ability, stability, and the possible “entropy value”.

　　(three)

　　Informatization and networking have broken through the traditional space boundaries and time barriers. The “pre-practice” of virtual technology has created a new military culture.

　　While causing a revolution in philosophical methodology, the science of complex systems has also triggered a revolution in philosophical epistemology when combined with multimedia technology, virtual reality technology, artificial intelligence technology, high-performance computing technology and simulation technology – there have been some changes in the way humans understand the world.

　　First, the understanding of the unity of the world is richer. In the past, when we talked about the unity of the world, we only emphasized the “primacy of matter”. From today’s perspective, the unity of the world contains three basic elements, namely the unity of matter, energy, and information. In man-made technical systems, it is the unity of materials, energy, and information; in social and economic systems, it is the unity of material flow, energy flow, and information flow. Abstracting the unity of these three aspects to the philosophical level, it colorfully embodies the “unity of matter, movement, and information.”

　　Secondly, the cognitive process has changed from the past “part-whole-part” to today’s “whole-part-whole”. In connection with this, the research method has changed from the past “analysis-synthesis-analysis” to today’s “synthesis-analysis-synthesis”.

　　Informatization and networking have broken through the traditional space boundaries and time barriers. People’s focus on observing problems has shifted from “object-centered” to “system-centered”, and the key to epistemology is no longer “concrete analysis” but “system integration”.

　　This new philosophical epistemology marks a major change in the structure of scientific thinking. Scientific research has shifted from the analytical advantage of the past to the overall comprehensive advantage of today; the static cognition that mainly studied “existence” in the past has shifted to the dynamic cognition that mainly studies systems today.

　　The significance of practice is no longer limited to the framework of history and reality, but also includes the future. After the Gulf War, developed countries established the innovative idea of ​​”proposing theory – combat experiment – actual military exercise – actual combat test”, stepped up the establishment of “combat laboratory”, and made new breakthroughs in military theory research methods.

　　Scholars such as Zhang Yi, the author of Virtual Epistemology, pointed out: “Virtual technology has profoundly changed the way humans perceive the world and created a completely new way of human practice. Virtual technology is not just a way of understanding and interpreting the world, it is itself a way of human practice.”

　　The “pre-practice” of virtual technology creates a new military culture. Thus, the military construction has developed from the past “contemporaneity” to today’s “synchronicity”. “Contemporaneous” development means finishing today and then moving on to tomorrow. “Synchronic” development means that things today, tomorrow and the day after tomorrow can be done at the same time. In this process, based on the repeatability, modifiability and embeddability of virtual technology, the war scenarios that are happening and will happen in the world, as well as the pre-designed war scenarios in the mind, are created into virtual environments to test and correct the military capabilities that should be in different stages.

　　Compared with natural science, military science is relatively weak in analytical reasoning and quantitative analysis. Summarizing the experience of wars that have already occurred and “learning war from war” have always been the traditional way for soldiers to create theories. With the development of information technology, modeling/simulation and computer networks have provided people with a third important method to understand the world, promoting the expansion of military practice from “experience induction” to “virtual simulation”, “learning war in the laboratory” and “learning war from future wars”, which greatly improves the soldiers’ advanced cognitive ability.

　　In short, to advance the reform of our army in the face of the new wave of military revolution, we need to establish a new philosophy, innovate military theories, and let the light of military innovation illuminate the path to the future.

現代國語：

習近平主席在中央軍委改革工作會議上強調，“要著力搶佔未來軍事競爭戰略制高點，充分發揮創新驅動發展作用，培育新的戰鬥力增長點。 ”這項重要論述深刻揭示了軍事創新在改革強軍戰略中的重要地位。

歷史一再證明，在軍事競爭過程中，誰佔據了軍事文化的製高點，誰就能引領軍事創新潮流，領先於戰爭，提前贏得戰略優勢。

當前深化國防和軍事改革與新世界軍事革命密切相關。 “在這場新世界軍事革命的浪潮中，誰保守、自滿，誰就會錯失寶貴機遇，陷入戰略被動。”習主席的話震耳欲聾，引人深思。在改革強軍過程中，每位戰士都不是旁觀者，而是創新者。面對改革，我們能否準確掌握世界軍事理論和軍事技術發展的最新動態？我們能否適應戰爭形式的最新變化？我們能否找到正確的創新路徑和方法？這些都應該是我們應該思考的問題。

文化感知世界變遷，站在改革前沿，走在時代先驅。發揮文化獨特優勢，打破千軍萬馬、百舸爭流的保守僵化思維模式，激發軍事創新活力，讓最新成果不斷湧現，打造強軍文化。

亂石飛天，海浪拍岸，在新世界軍事革命的滾滾浪潮中，誰已經甦醒，誰還在沉睡？

  • 編輯

深化國防和軍事改革拉開了序幕。這次改革是在世界軍事革命浪潮洶湧澎湃的背景下進行的，是我軍發展史上的另一個里程碑。從“換棋子”到“換棋盤”，機構改革必然需要“遊戲規則”和軍事體制的改變；要求加快新組織架構的資訊化軍隊建設步伐。

新軍事革命是一個不斷創新的過程，資訊化軍隊本質上是一支創新軍隊。我們要不斷培養軍隊創新文化，增強改革活力，推動改革強軍戰略實現。

（一）

世界軍事文化發展的新趨勢要求我們在改變過程中加強文化修養，轉變軍事創新思維邏輯。

從某種意義上來說，所謂戰略願景就是認識未來的願景。伴隨著觀察領域的變化，創新思維的「典範」也隨之改變了：過去是：實務-技術-理論。現在是：理論-技術-實務。與思維「範式」的轉變相聯繫，1980年代以來，軍事創新逐漸從先前的作戰需求驅動模式轉變為「理論驅動」模式。美國著名未來學家阿爾文‧托夫勒的《第三波》、《未來戰爭》等理論著作對資訊社會、資訊戰爭及相關科技的發展發揮了巨大作用。由此，軍事創新的邏輯也發生了相對應的改變。以往的創新發展順序是：科技進步──武器裝備──軍事理論──作戰形成。目前的發展順序是：軍事理論——科技進步——武器裝備——作戰編隊。資訊時代的軍事文化使作戰指揮官和軍事理論專家成為軍事技術創新的領導者。

軍事理論專家和軍事技術專家研究發現，在西方已開發國家，現代軍事文化的演變經歷了三個階段：

在整個19世紀及以前，大多數軍人還沒有認識到科技進步對軍事力量發展的巨大推動作用。即使是像拿破崙這樣極富創新精神的軍事統帥，也輕易地拒絕了美國科學家富爾頓研發無帆戰艦的建議。從十九世紀初到第一次世界大戰，雖然工業革命革命已經影響社會的其他領域，大多數士兵沒有考慮新技術在戰爭中的作用。他們只強調使用手中現有的設備，不會考慮設備的改良和創新。這個時期被稱為士兵「等待技術」的階段。

20世紀初，高度發展的機械工業逐漸改變了士兵單純的軍事觀念。 1918年8月8日，在埃明斯戰役中，盟軍「明星」坦克的突擊威力和300架英國飛機的轟炸威力喚醒了戰壕裡的士兵。此後20年，歷史創造了一大批機械化戰爭時代的新軍事家，如富勒、杜黑、古德里安、隆美爾、蒙哥馬利、戴高樂、艾森豪威爾、朱可夫、華西列夫斯基等。他們不僅精通軍事，也了解當時坦克、飛機等新技術武器的性能特徵。他們視科學技術為第二專業，視工程師為親密朋友，在戰術發展上進行了一次又一次的創新。古德里安發明了裝甲閃電戰，羅斯福接受了愛因斯坦的建議製造原子彈，史達林則把一大批飛機設計師當作貴賓。正因為如此，二戰期間和戰後，這些國家的軍事技術和軍事學術水準都獲得了前所未有的長足發展。這段時期堪稱「軍人與科技聯姻」的階段。

自1960、70年代以來，由於微電子、人工智慧、基因工程、太空、海洋開發、新材料、新能源等新技術的快速發展，新技術革命的浪潮使許多有遠見的軍事家進一步打破原有的思維模式，提出軍人應該站在科技發展的最前沿暢想未來的作戰樣式，並基於這些設想進而提出軍事技術創新的目標和方向。軍事國防專家展望未來20至30年的發展趨勢，設計新的作戰概念，創新作戰理論，提出必要的技術支撐，然後科學研究人員從技術角度滿足新的軍事需求。軍事技術在士兵的組織和指導下，減少了發展的盲目性，從而獲得更快、更多的軍事經濟效益。這段時期可以說是軍人「技術領先」的階段。

士兵從「等技術」、「嫁技術」到「領先技術」的轉變，體現了軍事科學與科技發展關係日益密切的客觀趨勢。這種趨勢迫使士兵從技術發展的旁觀者轉變為技術發展的領導者。

在我國，由於失去了第一次工業革命的機遇，軍事文化仍處於「等待科技」和「嫁給科技」的階段。重歷史、輕未來的軍事理念，用來根據對手的今天來設計我軍的明天；它習慣於思考我們的明天的軍隊，並與今天的對手作戰。

在改革的旅程上，許多同志的思想還停留在海灣戰爭、科索沃戰爭、阿富汗戰爭、伊拉克戰爭，已經十五年、二十年了。美軍提出第三個“抵消戰略”，選擇顛覆性新技術，打造新的“非對稱軍事優勢”。新軍事革命將迎來轉捩點：一種新的戰爭形式——基於自主系統的輕型戰爭正在慢慢來臨。履行軍隊改革歷史使命、迎接新挑戰，必須加強文化修養，轉變軍事創新思維邏輯。

（二）

軍隊的文化內核，深蘊藏在軍事理念之中。在實施改革強軍戰略過程中，要運用現代科學方法進行軍事創新。

人類歷史上的每一個偉大時代，不僅賦予人們偉大的任務，也提供人們新的方法。只有明確了偉大任務、掌握了新方法，才能引領時代潮流。

科學發展史表明，許多重大科技創新以及重大科學問題的提出和解決，往往都是科學方法取得一定突破的結果。伽利略發現落體運動定律和慣性定律與他系統性地運用前驅定律是分不開的。

實驗和數學方法；達爾文創立生物演化論得益於科學觀察方法和歷史比較方法；理論實驗方法對愛因斯坦相對論的產生發揮了重要作用；馬克思的《資本論》能夠深入分析複雜的資本主義社會並取得巨大成功。其中一個重要原因是他巧妙地運用了邏輯與歷史相統一的方法以及科學抽象的方法，以「最簡單、最普遍、最基本的東西」——商品，作為邏輯和歷史的起點。著眼點，從感知的具體上升到抽象的規定，再從抽象的規定上升到思考的具體。

同樣，軍事理論的創新也首先依賴時代的新方法。中國春秋末年出版《孫子兵法》，是因為當時以「陰陽」、「五行」為代表的古代體系理論已經成熟、完整；克勞塞維茨寫《論戰爭》，是因為牛頓的力學和黑格爾的辯證法為他提供了研究戰爭的武器；毛澤東軍事思想是毛澤東同志運用馬克思主義哲學方法研究中國革命戰爭實踐的成果。

科技革命促進了社會生產力和軍事戰鬥力的提高，也促進了哲學思想的發展。

19世紀的「三大發現」（進化論、細胞學、能量守恆與轉化）導致了德國古典哲學的終結和馬克思主義哲學的出現。

20世紀，相對論、量子力學與生命科​​學的出現，資訊科技、生物科技、奈米科技、新材料科技、網路科技的發展，已經並將持續改變世界面貌。 1960、70年代，伴隨著新科技革命浪潮，科學方法革命達到了前所未有的高度，呈現出自然科學研究方法、方法、模型和理念向社會科學領域滲透、融合的趨勢。新的科學方法論相繼出現：系統論、控制論、協同論、突變論、資訊理論、離散論、泛函論、智能論、最優化論、反應論、模糊論、藝術論，以及「混沌論」。 」和「分形」。從哲學的角度來看，這些跨學科學科所提出的方法可以歸納為系統方法和複雜系統方法。

1958年，美軍實行軍政軍指揮分離後，並沒有很快恢復活力。五角大廈的資源管理一片混亂，仍處於岌岌可危的境地。 1960年，麥科納馬拉接管國防部。針對三軍獨立使用國防資源的混亂局面，他於1962年提出「集中指導與分散實施相結合」的管理原則，採用系統工程方法，統籌規劃國家國防資源。規劃和預算系統（PPBS）”，理順了美軍建設的關係，節省了資源。

1986年，美軍實施了《國防部改革法案》，將國防部和參謀長聯席會議的權力集中起來，建立了一套集權與授權相統一的新法規。這保證了聯合作戰的順利實施，為今後一體化聯合作戰奠定了基礎。

21世紀初，拉姆斯菲爾德擔任國防部長時，根據新軍事革命的發展，美軍改變了PPBS系統基於目標任務的管理習慣，提出了基於能力需求的PPBE系統，即「規劃、規劃、預算和執行系統」。

PPBS體系和PPBE體係都是系統科學方法在國防管理的典型應用。從方法論來看，這些體系的特點是：從未來掌握現實，根據任務任務確定能力，根據能力需求驅動技術創新和選擇作戰編隊。簡而言之，“上游”決定“下游”，“頂部”決定“底部”，“前端”決定“後端”。

系統論和複雜性方法的想法已經深入人心應用於美軍轉型。他們認為，以往的軍事理論，即克勞塞維茨、約米尼等著名學者的理論，都是以牛頓力學為基礎的。在今天的作戰中，必須把敵方的軍事組織和作戰行動視為一個系統。這樣，就只能用牛頓方法根本無法做到的複雜性理論來描述、預測和選擇相應的對抗動作。例如，克勞塞維茨在《戰爭論》中經常使用的「摩擦」概念就源自於牛頓力學。可以說是物理戰爭的概念，反映了前工業時代戰爭的特徵。無論當時的軍隊組織得多麼嚴密，都不可避免地要面臨衝擊和滯後、邊疆對峙和對抗。因此，克勞塞維茨以牛頓力學為主要方法來認識、研究和指導戰爭。當今資訊化戰爭，戰爭目的已從「消滅敵人、保存自己」轉變為「制敵、實現利益」。因此，對抗方式的一個重大變化就是從大規模破壞，轉向增加敵方組織內部的「熵值」和增加己方組織內部的「負熵值」（「熵」是對組織內部混亂的描述）。 ）。軍隊越是資訊化、一體化和複雜化，它就越容易受到攻擊。現代軍事建設的一個重要原則就是盡量減少自身瓦解和崩潰的脆弱性；戰爭指導的一個重要原則是積極創造和利用敵人內部的弱點。

今天，評價一個軍事系統，不僅要看它所擁有的物質、能量和資訊的多少，還要看它的抗破壞能力、穩定性以及可能存在的「熵值」。

（三）

資訊化、網路化突破了傳統的空間界限和時間障礙。虛擬技術的「預實踐」創造了新的軍事文化。

複雜系統科學在引發哲學方法論革命的同時，與多媒體技術、虛擬實境技術、人工智慧技術、高效能運算技術、模擬技術結合，也引發了哲學知識論的革命——在知識論上發生了一些變化。人類理解世界的方式。

一是對世界統一的認識更加豐富。過去，我們在談論世界的統一性時，只強調「物質的首要性」。從今天的角度來看，世界的統一包含三個基本要素，即物質、能量、資訊的統一。在人造技術系統中，它是物質、能量和資訊的統一體；在社會經濟系統中，它是物質流、能量流、資訊流的統一。將這三方面的統一抽像到哲學層面，豐富多彩地體現了「物質、運動、資訊的統一」。

其次，認知過程從過去的「部分-整體-部分」轉變為今天的「整體-部分-整體」。與此相聯繫，研究方法也從過去的「分析-綜合-分析」轉變為今天的「綜合-分析-綜合」。

資訊化、網路化突破了傳統的空間界限和時間障礙。人們觀察問題的焦點從“以物件為中心”轉向“以系統為中心”，認識論的關鍵不再是“具體分析”而是“系統整合”。

這種新的哲學認識論標誌著科學思維結構的重大變化。科學研究從過去的分析優勢轉向今天的整體綜合優勢；過去主要研究「存在」的靜態認知已經轉向今天主要研究系統的動態認知。

實踐的意義不再侷限於歷史和現實的框架，也包括未來。海灣戰爭後，已開發國家確立了“提出理論——實戰實驗——實戰演練——實戰檢驗”的創新思路，加緊建立“實戰實驗室”，軍事理論研究方法取得新突破。

《虛擬知識論》一書作者張毅等學者指出：「虛擬技術深刻改變了人類感知世界的方式，創造了人類全新的實踐方式。虛擬技術不僅僅是一種理解和解釋世界的方式，它本身就是人類實踐的一種方式。

虛擬技術的「預實踐」創造了新的軍事文化。由此，軍隊建設從過去的“同時性”發展到今天的“同步性”「同步」開發是指完成今天，然後走向明天。嵌入性，將世界上正在發生和將要發生的戰爭場景，以及腦海中預先設計的戰爭場景，創建到虛擬環境中，以測試和修正不同階段應有的軍事能力。

與自然科學相比，軍事科學在分析推理和定量分析方面相對較弱。總結已經發生的戰爭經驗，“從戰爭中學習戰爭”，一直是軍人創造理論的傳統方式。隨著資訊科技的發展，建模/模擬和電腦網路為人們提供了認識世界的第三種重要方法，推動軍事實踐從「經驗歸納」向「虛擬模擬」、「在實驗室學習戰爭」拓展「從未來戰爭中學習戰爭”，大大提高了士兵的高級認​​知能力。

總之，面對新一輪軍事革命浪潮，推進我軍改革，需要建立新理念，創新軍事理論，讓軍事創新之光照亮未來之路。

中國原創軍事資源：http://theory.people.com.cn/n1/2016/0112/c49150-28040888.html

#新興戰爭技術, China Cyber Dilemma in the 21st Century, China's Military Organization - Intelligence, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Command information Systems, Dissipative Warfare, 中华人民共和国网络安全法, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事特徵及認知域作戰與戰爭發展趨勢, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰

Chinese Military Guidelines for Analyzing Fundamental Mechanism of Winning Wars

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中國軍事勝利基本機制分析指導方針

來源：解放軍報 作者：張佔軍 責任編輯：喬楠楠 2018-07-24 

英文翻譯：

There are universal and special mechanisms for winning wars. Special winning mechanisms are conditional, while universal and fundamental winning mechanisms are relatively stable. Anyone and any era’s war guidance that violates these mechanisms will lose the war. Revealing the fundamental winning mechanism of wars can not only help us more deeply understand the scientific correctness of classical war theories and enhance theoretical confidence in war guidance, but also help us continuously innovate war and combat guidance that adapts to the conditions of the times according to changes in the war environment and conditions, and firmly grasp the strategic initiative.

To understand, prepare for, and direct war, the first thing is to uncover the fundamental mechanism of victory

Studying the fundamental mechanisms for winning wars is the logical starting point for understanding wars and the fundamental basis for preparing for and waging wars.

Studying the fundamental mechanism of winning a war is to reveal the necessary and sufficient conditions for winning. In essence, the mechanism of winning is the reason and condition for winning a war. Studying the fundamental mechanism of winning a war is to answer the fundamental question of “when and only when what conditions are met can we win a war”, aiming to make us realize that if this condition is met, we will definitely win, if this condition is not met, we will definitely fail; if we win, it must be because we have this fundamental condition. Philosophically speaking, this condition definitely exists, but it is just a matter of whether we can recognize it and reveal it. Otherwise, there will be no way to know the laws of winning so many battles in history.

“Winning with immediate advantage” is the fundamental winning mechanism of war. The advantage in immediate advantage is not a simple comparison of resources, but the comprehensive ability and favorable situation to defeat the enemy at the moment of exerting force on the enemy and in the confrontation at the decisive point of the war. “Winning with immediate advantage” means that with immediate advantage, victory will be achieved at the moment of confrontation with the enemy at the decisive point. If this advantage is maintained for only one moment, then this round can be won; if this advantage can be maintained at every moment and every round of confrontation, then the war will inevitably be won. The author believes that the winning mechanism of “winning with immediate advantage” is the “law behind the law” and the fundamental basis for war guidance, and it is also the fundamental winning mechanism of war and combat.

“Instant superiority wins” is the fundamental basis of the classical war guidance theory. All the classical war guidance theories are based on the mechanism of “instant superiority wins”. From the first Chinese civil war to the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, Mao Zedong always adhered to the guidance of using superior forces and favorable weather, terrain and people to launch a devastating attack on the enemy’s one point, and achieved victory, which proved that “instant superiority wins” is the fundamental law for achieving victory. In history, Sun Tzu’s ideas of “attacking the enemy when they are least prepared and taking them by surprise” and “attacking where they are least prepared”; the Thirty-Six Stratagems of “Deceiving the Heavens and Crossing the Sea”, “Besieging Wei to Save Zhao”, “Taking Advantage of the Troubled Times”, “Taking Advantage of the Fire to Loot”, “Attack the East and West by Making a Feint” and other strategies; Napoleon’s idea that “the secret of military art is to make your own military force surpass the enemy at the necessary place and time”; the “blitzkrieg” used by the German army in World War II etc., all focus on gathering immediate advantages and suddenly defeating the opponent when the opponent has no precautions; the U.S. military proposed the “air-ground integrated battle” 30 years ago, and in recent years proposed the “air-sea integrated battle”, which was later renamed the “global commons access and mobility” concept. In 2016, the U.S. Army proposed the “multi-domain battle”, which, in essence, is also through the operation of factors such as force and space to form immediate advantages over the opponent.

Understand and grasp the rich connotation of “instant advantage wins”

Regarding the mechanism of winning by immediate advantage, we can summarize its connotation into the following main aspects.

Immediate advantage is the unity of object, time and resources. Immediate advantage wins, including the three elements of object, instant and advantage. Object refers to the selected decision point, which may be a physical target with certain resistance of the opponent, or a unit with certain capabilities; instant refers to the moment of exerting force on the enemy in the war; advantage refers to the comprehensive capabilities and postures composed of various available war resources and elements (including spatial elements) that are superior to the opponent (object), and is the product of objective conditions and subjective efforts. Whether or not there is an immediate advantage is not necessarily related to the overall military strength of the army. When the overall military strength does not have an advantage, it can also win by gathering an advantage over the enemy at the moment of confrontation at the decisive point. Time advantage is an important decisive factor. Mastering time advantage means that the opponent will be suddenly attacked in the “gap” when he is not fully prepared. However, on the battlefield, the unity of target, time and advantage must be achieved. If we only emphasize the speed of time, but it is not good, then speed is meaningless; if we only emphasize the quality of resources, but it is not timely, then it will not play a role at the moment of confrontation, and the actual ability is equal to zero. This is the reason why many powerful armies in history were defeated.

Immediate advantage is the system advantage at the moment of confrontation. In wars of different eras, immediate advantage has different manifestations. Modern warfare is a confrontation between systems. The elements in the system are divided into primary and secondary. The dominant factors of the system are naturally important to the system advantage, but the secondary factors will also eliminate and destroy the immediate advantage, and then turn victory into defeat. Strength advantage is the basis of immediate advantage, but it is only one of the many conditions for the formation of immediate advantage. In modern warfare, the more complex the technology and force structure, the stronger the complementarity of different resources and the variability of the structure, and the more complex the mechanism for forming immediate advantage. For example, in an integrated joint operation based on a network information system, if the traditionally unappreciated network backend operation and maintenance personnel cannot keep the system running normally, the advantages of this system may be greatly eliminated.

Immediate advantage is the unity of static and dynamic. The process of winning wars and operations is a process of constantly gathering and exerting immediate advantages at decisive points, gradually consuming the enemy, and expanding immediate advantages. Once it is impossible to form an advantage at a decisive point at a certain moment, this moment will become a turning point in the operational process. This is the inherent principle of emphasizing the ability to fight in one go and continuous operations. During the Korean War, our military’s support could only support about 7 days of continuous operations. At this turning point, we took the initiative to withdraw our troops and switch to defense because if we continued to fight, we would not have immediate advantages.

Real-time advantage only exists in a certain time window. On the battlefield, enemies and friends are opponents, fighting for life and death, and real-time advantage only exists in a certain period of time. In modern warfare, information transmission has reached the millisecond level, and the detection-judgment-decision-strike process is measured in seconds. The responsiveness of many long-range strike means no longer needs to take into account the platform’s spatial movement time. In particular, with the advancement of the intelligentization of combat systems, the time window for maintaining advantage will become shorter, which puts forward new requirements for gathering and exerting the effectiveness of real-time advantage.

Continuously optimize war and combat guidance based on the “instant advantage wins” mechanism

The winning mechanism is the “law behind” combat guidance and combat methods. We should continuously optimize war and combat guidance based on the mechanism of “winning by immediate advantage.”

Strive to seek distinctive advantages. Distinctive advantages are the special advantages of an army. For our army, it means that we must always seek distinctive advantages such as what the enemy does not have and what we are strong and the enemy is weak. We insist on you fight yours and I fight mine, implement asymmetric warfare, and strive to find the moment when the enemy is weakest, and give full play to our advantages to form our immediate advantages. In the future, we need to continue to give full play to our political advantages, and at the same time, we should gather and cultivate new distinctive advantages from the new system, new system, and new equipment. We must firmly believe that the side with weaker weapons and equipment always has the possibility of winning locally and gradually achieving overall victory. Based on this possibility, we should strive to design and guide operations around whether it is conducive to creating superior fighters and whether we can defeat the enemy before the fighters disappear.

We are committed to gathering the power of the system to form an immediate advantage. The information age is a system war, and what matters is the system capability. It is necessary to study how a single factor can win, but in actual combat, the real way to win is the comprehensive application of all factors. The concept of “multi-domain warfare” proposed by the US military in recent years is centered on the ability to form a multi-domain fusion and release energy at a decisive point. If we cannot gather the power of the system to form an immediate advantage, we will have to respond to the enemy with the shortcomings of the system, and defeat will naturally be inherent in it.

Form an immediate advantage around the enemy. Adapting to the enemy is an important manifestation of the art of war command. The key is not to change, but to constantly create new immediate advantages in the change. This needs to be achieved through correct command and scientific tactics. Future wars are increasingly showing an intelligent trend, but in essence, they are still about measuring the enemy’s strength and taking measures according to the enemy’s situation. It’s just that the pace of this change is faster and the situation is more confusing. If the speed of gathering capabilities cannot keep up with the changes in the battlefield situation, it is impossible to achieve “instant” by adapting to the enemy. It can be said that, under certain conditions of combat resources, the entire connotation of the art of command is to create and find the enemy’s weaknesses, and to plan and create immediate advantages over the enemy. This is the soul of war command and tactics.

Weakening the opponent’s advantage is an important way to form and maintain immediate advantage. Immediate advantage is compared with the opponent. In terms of resource comparison, this advantage can be obtained by aggregating one’s own advantages and weakening the enemy’s advantages, from technology to tactics, from strategy to battles and battles. Technically weakening the opponent is the most fundamental weakening; in terms of strategy and tactics, through deception, containment, and disruption at non-decisive points, dispersing and weakening the opponent to influence the opponent’s advantage concentration at the decisive point is an important way to transform the advantage and disadvantage comparison at the decisive point and win the victory.

Firmly grasp the principles of reconnaissance, concealment, initiative, offense, and quick decision. Reconnaissance, concealment, initiative, offense, and quick decision are ancient principles, but they have new connotations and new requirements in modern warfare. Fighting a battle for immediate advantage is even more indispensable. Accurately grasping the enemy’s ability and situation at the “predetermined strike point” is a prerequisite for forming an immediate advantage; in order to maintain an immediate advantage for a longer period of time, it is necessary to delay the time of being discovered by the enemy as much as possible by concealing intentions and actions; although we have an advantage in strength and deployment, once the enemy makes the first move, our immediate advantage may be eliminated. The US military even asserts that “whoever launches first will be saturated and hit first.” “You can win if you strike first, and whether you can effectively conceal yourself”; facing a strong enemy, simple defense becomes increasingly difficult. Whether it is a big war or a small war, offense can maximize the effectiveness of advantages and is the best defense; the battlefield situation changes very quickly, and the time window for immediate advantage is short. A quick battle and a quick decision may be the best choice to make full use of this time window.

Design and prepare for war with the core of “fighting a war for immediate advantage”

The key to judging whether an army has the combat capability to defeat the enemy is whether it can gain an immediate advantage over the enemy at the moment of exerting its strength in the confrontation with the enemy. The development of new operational concepts, design and preparation for future wars all require a firm grasp of the core of “fighting a war of immediate advantage.”

Design wars around the core concept of “fighting a war of immediate advantage”. In the future, if our army wants to defeat opponents with strong overall strength, it should always focus on forming and using the key of immediate advantage. Instead of confronting the enemy in all dimensions, it should seize the enemy’s most critical pain points and decision points, aggregate multi-dimensional capabilities at a moment and concentrate its efforts, and accordingly plan tactics to defeat the enemy with immediate advantage. The top priority is to design the decision points for striking and the methods and ways to gather immediate advantages. At all levels of strategy, campaign, tactics and even individual combat, operational guidance and tactics should be designed according to this idea, and this should be used as the fundamental test standard.

Military capabilities should be built based on whether or not they can form an immediate advantage. We should focus on the core concept of “fighting a war of immediate advantage” and systematically design strategic capabilities, weapons and equipment, force structure, combat methods and specific tactics, as well as everything needed for combat, in accordance with the idea of ​​using our capabilities to defeat the enemy’s inability at the decisive moment of the war. We should pay special attention to the prominent role of new technologies and new means in forming an immediate advantage, and continue to inject contemporary vitality and scientific and technological determination into forming an immediate advantage and fighting a war of immediate advantage.

(Author’s unit: Institute of War Studies, Academy of Military Science)

國語中文翻譯：

戰爭制勝機理有普遍與特殊之分。特殊制勝機理是有條件的，而帶普遍性、根本性的製勝機理則是相對穩定的，任何人、任何時代的戰爭指導違背了這些機理就要打敗仗。揭示戰爭根本製勝機理，不僅可以更深刻地認識經典戰爭理論的科學性正確性，增強戰爭指導的理論自信，還可根據戰爭環境與條件的變化，不斷創新適應時代條件的戰爭與作戰指導，牢牢掌握戰略主動權。

認識、準備和指導戰爭，首要的是揭示根本製勝機理

研究戰爭根本製勝機理，是認識戰爭的邏輯起點，是準備和實施戰爭的根本依據。

研究戰爭根本製勝機理，就是揭示制勝的充分必要條件。本質上講，制勝機理是打勝仗的原因和條件。研究戰爭根本製勝機理，就是要對「當且僅當具備怎樣的條件才能打勝仗」這個根本性問題作出回答，旨在使我們認識到：如果有了這個條件，必然能夠取勝，如果沒有這個條件，則必然失敗；如果是勝利了，一定是因為具備這個根本條件。從哲學上講，這個條件肯定存在，只是能不能去認識它、揭示它，否則，歷史上那麼多打勝仗的規律就無以認知。

「即時優勢制勝」是戰爭的根本製勝機理。即時優勢中的優勢，不是簡單的資源對比，而是在向敵方發力的那一時刻，在戰爭決定點的對抗上，具有能戰勝對方的綜合能力和有利態勢。 「即時優勢制勝」是指，有了即時優勢，在決定點與敵對抗的那一時刻就一定能勝利。如果只有一個時刻保持這種優勢，則這一個回合能取勝；如果每一個時刻、每一個對抗回合都能保持這種優勢，則戰爭必然勝利。筆者認為，「即時優勢制勝」這個制勝機理，就是「規律背後的規律」和戰爭指導的根本依據，也是戰爭和作戰的根本製勝機理。

「即時優勢制勝」是經典戰爭指導理論的根本依據。統攬經典的戰爭指導理論，都是基於「即時優勢制勝」這個機理提出的。從中國第一次國內革命戰爭，到抗日戰爭、解放戰爭，毛澤東始終扭住利用優勢兵力和天時、地利、人和，對敵之一點實施殲滅性打擊這個指導，都取得了勝利，雄辯證明了「即時優勢制勝」是取得勝利的根本規律。歷史上，孫子提出的「攻其無備，出其不意」「由不虞之道，攻其所不戒」的思想，三十六計中的瞞天過海、圍魏救趙、以逸待勞、趁火打劫、聲東擊西等戰計，拿破侖關於「軍事藝術的秘密在於，在必要的地方和必要的時間，使自己的軍力超過敵人」的思想，二戰時德軍運用過的「閃擊戰」等，著眼點都是在對手沒有建立防範的時刻集聚即時優勢突然擊敗對手；美軍30年前提出“空地一體戰”，近年來又提出“空海一體戰”，之後又更名為“全球公域進入與機動”概念，2016年美陸軍提出“多域戰”，究其本質，也都是透過力量和空間等要素的運籌，形成對對手的即時優勢。

認識並掌握「即時優勢制勝」的豐富內涵

對即時優勢制勝這一機理，我們可以將其內涵歸結為以下主要面向。

即時優勢是對象、時間、資源的統一。即時優勢制勝，包括物件、即時、優勢三要素。對象，即選定的決定點，這個決定點可能是對方具有一定抗擊力的物理目標，或是具有一定能力的部隊；即時，是戰爭中向敵發力的那一時刻；優勢，是由各種可用的戰爭資源、要素（包括空間要素）所構成的綜合能力和態勢優於對手（對象），是客觀條件與主觀努力的產物。是否具有即時優勢，與軍隊整體軍力優劣不是必然關系，軍力整體不佔優勢時，在決定點對抗的時刻凝聚起對敵優勢，同樣能取勝。時間優勢是重要的決定因素，掌握了時間優勢，意味著對手在沒有充分準備的「空檔」中突然遭到打擊。但在戰場上，必須實現對象、即時、優勢的統一。只強調時間之快，若快而不優，快速則無意義；只強調資源之優，若優不逢時，在對抗那一時刻發揮不了作用，實際能力等於零。這就是歷史上許多強勢之軍吃敗仗的原因。

即時優勢是對抗發力時刻的體系優勢。不同時代的戰爭，即時優勢有不同體現。現代戰爭是體係與體系的對抗，體系中的要素有主次之分，體系的主導因素對體系優勢自然重要，但次要因素也會消解和破壞即時優勢，進而使勝勢淪為敗勢。力量優勢是即時優勢的基礎，但它只是形成即時優勢多個條件中的一個。在現代戰爭中，技術和力量結構越復雜，不同資源的互補性和結構的可變性就越強，形成即時優勢的機制就越復雜。例如，在基於網絡資訊體系的一體化聯合作戰中，傳統上並不受重視的網絡後台運維人員如果不能保持系統正常運行，這個體系優勢就可能被極大消解。

即時優勢是靜態與動態的統一。戰爭和作戰制勝過程，是一個不斷在決定點聚集和發揮即時優勢、逐步消耗敵人、擴大即時優勢的過程。一旦某一時刻無法形成決定點上的優勢，這個時刻將成為作戰進程的轉折點，這就是強調一鼓作氣和連續作戰能力的內在原理。在朝鮮戰爭中，我軍的保障只能支持7天左右的連續作戰，到了這個轉​​折點，我們主動收兵轉入防禦，原因是再繼續作戰，我們將不會有即時優勢。

即時優勢只存在於一定時間窗口。戰場上，敵我互為對手、生死相爭，即時優勢只會存在於一定的時段。現代戰爭，訊息傳輸已達毫秒級，偵察—判斷—決策—打擊流程時以秒計，許多遠程打擊手段的反應力已經不需要再計入平台空間移動的時間，特別是隨著作戰體系智能化的推進，保持優勢的時間窗口會變得更短，這對聚集和發揮即時優勢效力提出了新要求。

基於「即時優勢制勝」機理不斷優化戰爭與作戰指導

制勝機理是作戰指導和作戰方法“背後的規律”，我們應依據“即時優勢制勝”的機理不斷優化戰爭和作戰指導。

努力謀求特色優勢。特色優勢即一支軍隊的特殊優長。對我軍來說，就是要在任何時候都謀求我有敵無、我強敵弱等特色優長，堅持你打你的、我打我的，實施不對稱作戰，致力尋找敵最薄弱的那個時刻，發揮我之優長形成我們的即時優勢。未來，我們需要繼續發揮我們的政治優勢，同時應從新體制、新體系、新裝備中凝聚和培育新的特色優勢。要堅信武器裝備弱的一方始終擁有局部取勝而逐步實現全局勝利的可能性，基於這種可能性，應致力圍繞是否能有利於營造優勢戰機、是否能在戰機消失前戰勝敵人設計與指導作戰。

致力凝聚體系力量形成即時優勢。資訊時代是體係作戰，拼的是體系能力。研究單一要素如何制勝固然必要，但實戰中，真正的製勝之道是諸要素的綜合運用。美軍近年提出的「多域戰」概念，核心在於在一個決定點形成多域融合聚能釋放的能力。不能聚體系之力形成即時優勢，就不得不以體系短板應敵，敗戰自然寓於其中。

圍繞形成即時優勢因敵而變。因敵而變是戰爭指導藝術的重要體現，其中的根本不在於變，而是在變化中不斷塑造新的即時優勢，這需要通過正確的指揮和科學的戰法來實現。未來戰爭越來越呈現智慧化趨勢，但本質上依然是量敵用力、因敵施法，只是這種變化節奏更快、態勢更加撲朔迷離，如果集聚能力的速度跟不上戰場形勢的變化，因敵而變就不可能達到「即時」。可以說，在作戰資源一定的情況下，指揮藝術的全部內涵，就是製造和尋找敵人的軟肋，運籌和營造對敵的即時優勢，這是戰爭指導和戰法的靈魂。

削弱對手優勢是形成和維持即時優勢的重要途徑。即時優勢是與對手比較而言的。在資源對比上，這種優勢可以透過聚集己方優勢和削弱敵方優勢兩個途徑獲得，從技術到戰術、從戰略到戰役戰鬥各層面展開。在技​​術上削弱對手是最具根本性的削弱；在戰略戰術上，通過在非決定點的欺騙、牽制、擾亂，分散削弱對手，以影響對方在決定點上的優勢聚集，則是轉化在決定點上的優劣對比、贏得勝勢的重要途徑。

堅定把握偵察、隱蔽、先機、攻勢和速決原則。偵察、隱蔽、先機、攻勢、速決，是古老原則，但現代作戰有新內涵、新要求，打即時優勢之戰，更具不可或缺性。準確掌握「預定打擊點」之敵的能力態勢，是形成即時優勢的前提；為保持更長時間的即時優勢，需要通過隱蔽意圖和行動，盡可能推遲被敵發現的時間；力量、部署雖然佔優，而一旦敵方首先發力，我之即時優勢將可能被消解，美軍甚至斷言，「誰先發動飽和打擊誰就能夠獲得勝利，能否率先打擊取決於是否能有效隱蔽自己」；面對強敵，單純防守越來越困難，無論大戰、小戰，攻勢才能最大限度發揮優勢效力，才是最好的防禦；戰場態勢變化極快，即時優勢的時間窗口短暫，速戰速決可能是充分利用這一時間視窗的最佳選擇。

以「打即時優勢之戰」為核心設計與準備戰​​爭

看一支軍隊是否具有克敵制勝的戰鬥力，核心是看這支軍隊能不能在與敵對抗的發力時刻，先敵形成即時優勢。開發新的作戰概念、設計和準備未來戰爭，都需要緊緊把握住「打即時優勢之戰」這個核心。

圍繞「打即時優勢之戰」這個核心概念設計戰爭。未來一個時期，我軍要戰勝整體實力強大的對手，應當始終著眼形成和運用即時優勢這個關鍵，不與敵全維全面對陣，而是抓住敵最要害的痛點和決定點，在一個時刻聚合多維能力集中發力，照此運籌以即時優勢敗敵的戰法。其中的重中之重，是設計好打擊的決定點和聚集即時優勢的方法途徑。在戰略、戰役、戰術甚至單兵作戰各層次，都應依此思想設計作戰指導與戰法，並以此作為根本的檢驗標準。

以是否能形成即時優勢為標準建設軍事能力。應圍繞「打即時優勢之戰」這個核心概念，按照在戰爭的決定點上打擊敵人的那一時刻以我之能擊敵之不能的思路，系統設計戰略能力、武器裝備、力量結構、作戰方式和具體戰法，以及作戰所需的一切。特別應關注新技術新手段在形成即時優勢中的突出作用，持續為形成即時優勢、打即時優勢之戰注入時代活力和科技定力。

（作者單位：軍事科學院戰爭研究院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/4820888.html?

Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Views - 中國軍事觀, Cyberspace Adminstration of China 中央網絡安全和信息勇, Intelligent Warfare, National Defense and Military Modernization, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍事未來戰爭, 中國軍隊, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用

Guided by Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening China’s Military, People’s Liberation Army Strives to Create New Realm of War Research

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以習近平強軍思想為指導，解放軍努力開創戰爭研究新境界

軍事科學學院戰爭研究所

2017-11-02 10:48 資料來源：解放軍報

現代英語：

● If soldiers do not plan for war, the country will be in danger; if the army does not study war, chaos will occur. Always preparing for war, firmly establishing combat effectiveness as the only fundamental standard, and focusing on studying military affairs, studying war, and studying how to fight are necessary to achieve the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era and building a world-class military in an all-round way.

● Creating a new realm of war research is a concrete manifestation of the military’s main responsibility and mission. The accelerated evolution of war forms and the severe challenges to international and regional security urgently require the military to carry out practical research on war topics and lay a solid foundation for victory.

● The key to creating a new realm of war research is to seek breakthroughs in war research innovation. This requires focusing on system design, adhering to problem orientation, keeping a close eye on combat opponents, focusing on independent innovation, and striving to solve the theoretical confusion and practical problems faced by future wars.

● To create a new realm in war research, we must find the right foothold, grasp the direction, focus on the major needs of strengthening the military and winning wars, and innovate in the face of actual combat, battlefields, and troops.

The 19th CPC National Congress clearly emphasized the establishment of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military as a guide in national defense and military construction. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military provides a fundamental guideline and action guide for achieving the Party’s goal of strengthening the military in the new era and building a world-class military in an all-round way. Entering the new era, we must take the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics, build a modern combat system with Chinese characteristics, and undertake the mission and tasks of the new era entrusted by the Party and the people. We must take Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military as a guide and strive to create a new realm of war research.

Facing realistic challenges and strengthening the core functions of research and development to win the war

Creating a new realm of war research is a concrete manifestation of the military’s main responsibility and mission. The accelerated evolution of war forms and the severe challenges to international and regional security urgently require the military to carry out practical research on war topics and lay a solid foundation for victory.

A realistic issue for responding to security challenges. The world is undergoing new, complex and profound changes. The international security situation is generally stable, but hegemonism and power politics still exist. Strategic competition and rights and interests among major powers are becoming increasingly fierce. There are many risk variables in the geopolitical security environment. Hotspots such as international counter-terrorism, arms race, nuclear proliferation, territorial disputes, and ideological confrontation are complex and changeable, and uncertainty, linkage, and comprehensiveness are prominent. With the rapid rise of China, Western powers are stepping up their efforts to contain and divide China, and some neighboring countries are deliberately provoking land and sea disputes. Overseas security risks are concentrated, and security threats in new areas are constantly emerging. Various predictable and unpredictable security crises and war risks are increasing. Maintaining national unity, territorial integrity, development interests, and political and social security faces new challenges. To respond to security challenges, we must control the security situation in real time, accurately assess war risks, and thoroughly understand potential opponents, so as to provide reliable and advanced preparations for responding to crises and winning wars.

Adapt to the urgent call for the in-depth development of the new military revolution. At present, the impact of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution on the world military revolution continues to expand, the arms competition in the Asia-Pacific region has intensified, and the competition for strategic initiative has become more intense. Major countries in the world are actively adjusting their national security strategies and military strategies, reshaping their military power systems, and seizing strategic commanding heights. Intelligent warfare is accelerating from theoretical foresight to actual combat forms. The strong trend of the development of the new military revolution requires us to pay close attention to new trends in war, explore new concepts in war, study new methods of war, and develop new means to maintain peace and win wars. Only in this way can we stand at the forefront of the new world military revolution and always maintain strategic capabilities that are compatible with the status of a major power.

The inherent requirement for realizing the modernization of military theory. A first-class army must have a first-class war theory. In recent years, the U.S. military has successively proposed “network-centric warfare”, “air-sea integrated warfare”, “third offset strategy” and “hybrid warfare”, and the Russian military has proposed “non-nuclear containment strategy”, “strategic air-space battle”, “national information security doctrine” and “ocean doctrine” and other theories, reflecting the strategic design of the world’s military powers to seize the military commanding heights. To realize the modernization of military theory, our army must establish a sense of transcendence and leadership in war research. However, the reality is that the current war research still has problems of being out of touch with the troops, the opponents, and the battlefield to varying degrees; in addition, our army has not fought for decades, and has little or no deep understanding of the form and style of informationized warfare, and the problem of “two insufficient capabilities” is still prominent. Standing at a new historical starting point for national defense and military construction, facing the profound changes in the national security environment and the requirements of the times for a strong country and a strong army, the army must establish a sense of urgency in researching and winning wars.

Grasp the key points and solve the theoretical confusion and practical problems faced by future wars

The key to creating a new realm of war research is to seek breakthroughs in war research innovation. This requires focusing on system design, adhering to problem orientation, keeping a close eye on combat opponents, focusing on independent innovation, and striving to solve the theoretical confusion and practical problems faced by future wars.

Analyze the trend of war in the unprecedented great changes. Understanding and grasping the motivations, types and timing of future wars is the primary issue in war research. To do this, we need to see through the chaotic world, track the trends of hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism, keep a close eye on the complex situation of regional conflicts and surrounding hot issues, pay attention to hidden dangers such as national security, new field security, and nuclear security, be vigilant against various forces seeking change and profit in chaos, and the struggle for the redistribution of power and interests among major powers, conduct in-depth research on factors that target my country or may drag my country into local wars and armed conflicts, study the possible military frictions, armed conflicts and even strategic accidents under the conditions of the new era, and the wars of different scales caused by them, and be prepared for military struggles in response to various complex situations.

Study the use of war under the goal of national rejuvenation. A deep understanding and grasp of the relationship between war and national development goals is a political requirement for war research. War has always been a continuation of politics and a means to achieve national political goals. To achieve the goal of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, war research must grasp the master-slave relationship between politics and the military and study the impact and constraints of politics on war. The impact and constraints of politics on war should be taken as an important topic. Under the goal of achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we should not only study the tactics and means of winning wars, but also study the countermeasures and strategies for shaping the situation, managing crises, and containing wars. On major issues such as whether to fight or not, when to fight, how to fight, and to what extent, we should come up with strategic planning that meets political requirements to ensure that there are no strategic mistakes in war decisions and the use of means, and give full play to the bottom line of military means to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

Grasp the laws of war in the general trend of war evolution. Understanding the characteristics, laws and winning mechanisms of modern war is the cognitive foundation of war research. Entering the new era, war research is required to keep up with the historical process of the rapid advancement of war forms towards systematization and intelligence, coordinate military struggles in traditional security fields and new security fields, and push the research of war laws to a new level. In-depth research on new changes in the general winning mechanism of war, in view of the new characteristics of modern war such as the integration of multi-dimensional battlefield space, the continuous appreciation of time elements, the implementation of precision operations with elite forces, and the increasingly flattened combat command, explore the methods and paths that reflect the requirements of information dominance, precision attack, joint victory, and system combat, and make new breakthroughs in planning wars according to reason and fighting in accordance with regulations. In-depth research on new manifestations of special winning mechanisms for fulfilling missions and tasks, combine the general winning mechanisms of war with the special conditions for our army to fulfill its missions and tasks, explore special winning mechanisms around different wars and combat objectives, and find the right countermeasures and strategies for planning and winning wars.

Deepen war guidance under the premise of independent operations. Studying methods and approaches to win wars is a key task of war research. The highest realm of the art of war guidance is that you fight yours and I fight mine. We must strive to innovate military strategic theory, study the needs of strategic goals for military strategic capabilities, improve military strategy in major security areas, theater strategy, service and armed police force development strategy, and explore new ideas and measures to ensure the security of national interests; strive to innovate joint operations theory, study operational concepts, operational guidance and operational methods, innovate operational command and operational support, and explore the formation of “using what can be done to defeat what cannot be done” in the context of integrated joint operations. Strategies and countermeasures, build a joint operations theory system that adapts to information warfare. On this basis, we must also strive to innovate operational needs, wartime political work and logistics equipment support theories, explore countermeasures in tracking, and boldly “learn from the strengths of foreign countries” in comparison.

Expand the means of warfare at the commanding heights of the science and technology game. Transforming the most advanced science and technology of mankind into means of warfare is the eternal task of war research. Science and technology are the primary productive forces and the core combat power. Modern warfare has actually become a strategic game of military science and technology. This requires us to attach great importance to the study of the war effectiveness of new technologies, lead the development of military technology with advanced concepts, and maintain the contemporary vitality and scientific and technological determination of war theory; attach great importance to the extension of war theory research to equipment realization, so that war concepts, combat concepts, combat guidance and combat methods can be transformed into equipment requirements, and maintain the leading edge of the combat system; attach great importance to the impact of new equipment on war forms and combat methods, and comprehensively deepen the research on the use of new combat means and combat forces; attach great importance to the study of combat styles based on the latest scientific and technological means, and explore the guidance and tactics of various combat forms and styles; attach great importance to combat experiments based on modern simulation and effectiveness test technologies, explore innovative paths to support theoretical concepts with scientific experiments, and provide strong scientific and technological support for innovative theories.

Adhere to three aspects and create a new situation in war research

To create a new realm in war research, we must find the right foothold, grasp the direction, focus on the major needs of strengthening the military and winning wars, and innovate in actual combat, on the battlefield, and in the troops.

Make the first move in war design. War design occupies a core position in war research and plays a global and long-term leading role in all aspects of national defense and military construction. In the grand chess game of world military competition, in order to seek the initiative in future wars, we must foresee wars as early as possible, design wars scientifically, focus on achieving the transformation from following and running side by side to leading, and strive to become the visionary and game rule maker of future wars. We must grasp the future cutting-edge trends of scientific and technological innovation, find the fulcrum for leveraging the scientific and technological revolution, gain insight into the key areas, key directions, and key technologies that can trigger changes in the form of war, and grasp the source of science and technology and the direction of development of war; vigorously strengthen the development of core war concepts, and formulate systematic operational concepts in layers and directions for possible war actions, and use systematic war design results to guide military struggle preparation and equipment construction; integrate war design into combat readiness training, verify and improve war design in training practice, and form a virtuous cycle of mutual promotion between war design and troop practice. Modern war design must not only design today’s war, but also tomorrow’s war. In particular, we must prevent using today’s opponents or today’s theories to design tomorrow’s war. We must consider not only the situation in which the war proceeds smoothly, but also the possible crises, deadlocks, and endgames, to ensure the scientific guidance and leadership of war design.

Take the path of integrating theory and technology. Science and technology are the most active and revolutionary factors in military development. The organic combination, mutual promotion and collaborative innovation of military theory and military science and technology have become the only way to break through the difficulties of traditional war research and improve the quality and efficiency of war research. It is necessary to change the mindset and organizational model of the binary separation and dual-track operation of theoretical research and scientific and technological research, combine theoretical guidance with scientific and technological guidance, theoretical conception with technical realization, judge the changes in war based on the changes in science and technology, and use technical principles to explore the winning mechanism; guided by the major needs of strengthening military practice, rationally cross-configure the organizational elements of theory and scientific and technological research, jointly allocate and coordinate the use of theoretical and scientific and technological research forces, strive to create a first-class innovation team integrating theoretical masters and technical experts, and form a new structure and layout of war research that integrates theory and technology; explore new methods of war research that fully integrate theory and technology, build a joint combat experimental environment, scientifically design major innovation projects integrating theory and technology, and test and improve war theories and operational concepts through the combination of man and machine, man and equipment, and virtual and real, improve the scientificity and practicality of war research results, and comprehensively improve the overall level of war research.

Improve the new mechanism of war research. Actively explore the characteristics and laws of war research in the new era, summarize new experiences in war research, and innovate new mechanisms for war research. Improve the collaborative innovation mechanism of small core and large periphery to form an overall synergy for war research. Improve the leading mechanism of planning and planning, take demand as the driving force, problem as the orientation, and integration as the path, refine and improve the roadmap construction drawings for the development of war research in various fields and directions; scientifically allocate the investment direction and volume of scientific research resources, and form a war research planning system that takes into account both the near and far, connects the top and the bottom, and connects the left and the right. Improve the mechanism for combining war research with combat training, take war research as an important part of training, increase the proportion of research training, and make troop training an organic part of war research. Improve the mechanism for rapid transformation and promotion of theoretical exploration and regulations, so that the results of war theory research can be quickly transformed into combat regulations, and open up the innovation link of rapid transformation and mutual promotion from theory to practice. Improve the talent management and incentive mechanism, combine the new reality of war research, adjust and improve the mechanisms for talent introduction, selection, evaluation, incentives, and guarantees, stimulate and mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the majority of scientific researchers, and maximize the release of innovative vitality.

原始國語中文：

●軍人不謀戰，國必有危難；軍隊不研戰，當事必生亂。時刻準備打仗，牢固樹立戰鬥力這個唯一的根本的標準，集中精力研究軍事、研究戰爭、研究打仗，是實現黨在新時代的強軍目標、全面建成世界一流軍隊題中應有之義。

●開創戰爭研究新境界，是軍隊主責主業的具體展現。戰爭形態加速演變和國際區域安全的嚴峻挑戰，迫切要求軍隊做實研戰課題，夯實勝戰根基。

●開創戰爭研究新境界，關鍵在於在戰爭研究創新上求突破。這要求著重體系設計，堅持問題導向，緊盯作戰對手，聚力自主創新，致力於破解未來戰爭面臨的理論困惑和實踐難題。

●開創戰爭研究新境界，必須找準立足點，把握方向標，緊盯強軍勝戰的重大需求，面向實戰、面向戰場、面向部隊開拓創新。

黨的十九大明確強調確立習近平強軍思想在國防和軍事建設中的指導地位。習近平強軍思想為實現黨在新時代的強軍目標、全面建成世界一流軍隊提供了根本遵循和行動指南。進入新時代，要實現中國特色的強軍之路，建構中國特色現代作戰體系，擔當起黨和人民賦予的新時代使命任務，必須以習近平強軍思想為指導，奮力開創戰爭研究的新境界。

正視現實挑戰，強化研發戰的核心功能

開創戰爭研究新境界，是軍隊主責主業的具體展現。戰爭形態加速演變和國際區域安全的嚴峻挑戰，迫切要求軍隊做實研戰課題，夯實勝戰根基。

應對安全挑戰的現實課題。當今世界正在發生新的複雜深刻變化，國際安全情勢整體穩定，但霸權主義和強權政治依然存在，大國戰略競爭和權益博弈日趨激烈，地緣安全環境風險變數較多，國際反恐、軍備競賽、核武擴散、領土爭奪、思潮交鋒等熱點複雜多變，不確定性、連動性、綜合性凸顯。隨著中國快速崛起，西方大國加緊對我遏制圍堵和分化西化，個別週邊國家蓄意挑起陸海爭端，海外安全風險集中顯現，新型領域安全威脅不斷顯現，各種可以預料和難以預料的安全危機、戰爭風險增多，維護國家統一、領土完整、發展利益和政治社會安全面臨新挑戰。要應對安全挑戰，就必須即時掌控安全情勢，準確研判戰爭風險，搞透潛在對手，為應對危機和打贏戰爭提供可靠的超前準備。

適應新軍事革命深入發展的迫切呼喚。目前，新一輪科技革命和產業革命對世界軍事革命的影響持續擴大，亞太地區軍備競爭態勢增強，圍繞戰略主動權爭奪更加激烈。世界主要國家積極調整國家安全戰略和軍事戰略，重塑軍事力量體系，搶佔戰略制高點，智慧化戰爭正由理論預見向實戰形態加速演進。新軍事革命發展的強勁趨勢，要求我們密切關注戰爭新趨勢、探討戰爭新觀念、研究戰爭新方法、發展維護和平、打贏戰爭的新手段。唯此，才能站上世界新軍事革命潮頭，始終保持與大國地位相符的戰略能力。

實現軍事理論現代化的內在要求。一流的軍隊必須有一流的戰爭理論。近年來，美軍先後提出“網絡中心戰”“空海一體戰”“第三次抵消戰略”“混合戰爭”，俄軍提出“非核遏制戰略”“戰略性空天戰役”“國家信息安全學說”“海洋學說」等理論，反映了世界軍事強國搶佔軍事制高點的戰略設計。我軍要實現軍事理論現代化，必須在戰爭研究上確立超越意識和引領意識。但現實是，當前戰爭研究還不同程度存在與部隊脫節、與對手脫節、與戰場脫節問題；加上我軍幾十年沒有打過仗，對資訊化戰爭形態和作戰樣式認知不多不深，「兩個能力不夠」問題依然突出。站在國防和軍隊建立新的歷史起點上，面對國家安全環境的深刻變化，面對強國強軍的時代要求，軍隊必須確立起研戰勝戰的迫切意識。

掌握重點關鍵，破解未來戰爭面臨的理論困惑與實踐難題

開創戰爭研究新境界，關鍵在於戰爭研究創新上求突破。這要求著重體系設計，堅持問題導向，緊盯作戰對手，聚力自主創新，致力於破解未來戰爭面臨的理論困惑和實踐難題。

在前所未有的大變局中透析戰爭走勢。認識並掌握未來戰爭的動因、類型和時機，是戰爭研究的首要問題。做到這一點，需要透過亂象紛呈的世界，追蹤霸權主義、強權政治和新干涉主義動向，緊盯地區衝突和周邊熱點問題的複雜形勢，關注國土安全、新型領域安全、核安全等隱患，警惕各種力量亂中求變、亂中謀利及大國權力和利益再分配的鬥爭，深入研究針對我國或可能把我國拖入局部戰爭和武裝衝突的因素，研究新時代條件下可能發生的軍事摩擦、武裝衝突甚至戰略意外，以及由此引發的不同規模的戰爭，做好應對各種複雜情況的軍事鬥爭準備。

在民族復興的大目標下研究戰爭運用。深刻認識並掌握戰爭與國家發展目標的關係，是戰爭研究的政治要求。戰爭從來都是政治的延續，是實現國家政治目標的手段。實現全面建成社會主義現代化強國的奮鬥目標，要求戰爭研究必須掌握政治與軍事的主從關係，研究政治對戰爭的影響與限制。要把政治對戰爭的影響和限製作為重要課題，在實現中華民族偉大復興大目標下，既要研究打贏戰爭的戰法手段，又要研究塑造態勢、管控危機、遏制戰爭的對策方略，在打與不打、何時打、怎麼打、打到什麼程度等重大問題上，拿出符合政治要求的戰略籌劃，確保戰爭決策和手段運用不出現戰略性失誤，充分發揮好軍事手段保障國家主權、安全、發展利益的保底作用。

在戰爭演變的大趨勢中掌握戰爭規律。搞透現代戰爭特徵規律和致勝機理，是戰爭研究的認識根基。進入新時代，要求戰爭研究緊跟戰爭形態向體系化、智慧化快速邁進的歷史進程，統籌傳統安全領域和新型安全領域軍事鬥爭，把戰爭規律的研究推向新境界。深入研究戰爭一般制勝機理的新變化，針對現代戰爭多維戰場空間融為一體、時間要素不斷升值、以精銳力量實施精確作戰、作戰指揮日趨扁平化等新特點，探討體現信息主導、精打要害、聯合製勝、體係作戰要求的方法路徑，在依理謀戰、遵規施戰上取得新突破。深入研究履行使命任務特殊制勝機理的新表現，把戰爭一般制勝機理與我軍履行使命任務的特殊條件結合起來，圍繞不同的戰爭和作戰目標，探索特殊制勝機理，找準謀戰勝戰的對策方略。

在自主作戰的大前提下深化戰爭指導。研究打贏戰爭的方法途徑，是戰爭研究的關鍵任務。戰爭指導藝術的最高境界是你打你的、我打我的。要致力於創新軍事戰略理論，研究戰略目標對軍事戰略能力的需求，完善重大安全領域軍事戰略、戰區戰略、軍種和武警部隊發展戰略，探索保證國家利益安全的新思路新舉措；致力於創新聯合作戰理論，研究作戰概念、作戰指導和作戰方法，創新作戰指揮和作戰保障，面向一體化聯合作戰背景下各戰略方向、作戰樣式、作戰行動以及聯合應急行動，探索形成「以能擊不能」的戰法對策，建構適應資訊化戰爭的聯合作戰理論體系。在這個基礎上，還要致力創新作戰需求、戰時政治工作和後勤裝備保障理論，在追蹤中探討應對之策，在比較中大膽「師夷長技」。

在科技博弈的製高點上拓展戰爭手段。把人類最先進的科學技術轉化為戰爭手段，是戰爭研究的永恆任務。科學技術是第一生產力，也是核心戰鬥力。現代戰爭，實際上已成為軍事科技魔道相爭的戰略博弈。這要求我們高度重視研究新科技的戰爭效用，以先進概念引領軍事科技發展，維持戰爭理論的時代活力與科技定力；高度重視戰爭理論研究向裝備實現延伸，使戰爭概念、作戰構想、作戰指導和作戰方法轉化為裝備需求，維持作戰體系的領先優勢；高度重視新裝備對戰爭形態和作戰方法的影響，全面深化新型作戰手段和作戰力量的運用研究；高度重視基於最新科技手段的作戰樣式研究，探討各種作戰形式樣式的指導與戰法；高度重視基於現代模擬與效能試驗技術的作戰實驗，探討以科學實驗支持理論構想的創新路徑，為創新理論提供有力的科技支撐。

堅持三個面向，開創戰爭研究的嶄新局面

開創戰爭研究新境界，必須找準立足點，把握方向標，緊盯強軍勝戰的重大需求，面向實戰、面向戰場、面向部隊開拓創新。

下好戰爭設計的先手棋。戰爭設計在戰爭研究中居於核心地位，對國防和軍隊建設各方面工作具有全局性長遠引領作用。在世界軍事競爭的大棋局中，要尋求未來戰爭的主動地位，必須儘早預見戰爭、科學設計戰爭，著眼實現從跟進、並跑到領跑的轉變，努力成為未來戰爭的洞見者和遊戲規則的制定者。要掌握未來科技創新前沿趨向，找準撬動科技革命的支點，洞察能夠引發戰爭形態變革的關鍵領域、關​​鍵方向、關鍵技術，把握戰爭發展的科技之源和發展方向；大力加強戰爭核心概念開發，針對可能的戰爭行動，分層次、分方向研究制定體系化的作戰構想，用體系化的戰爭設計成果牽引軍事鬥爭準備和裝備建設；把戰爭設計融入戰備訓練，在訓練實踐中驗證和完善戰爭設計，形成戰爭設計與部隊實踐相互促進的良性循環。現代戰爭設計，既要設計好今天的戰爭，更要設計好明天的戰爭，特別要防止用今天的對手、今天的理論設計明天的戰爭；既要考慮戰爭進程順利的局面，更要考慮可能出現的危險局、僵局、殘局，確保戰爭設計的科學指導與領導作用。

走開理技融合的大路徑。科學技術是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。軍事理論與軍事科技有機結合、相互促進、協同創新，已成為突破傳統戰爭研究困境、提升戰爭研究品質效益的必經之路。要改變理論研究和科技研究二元分立、雙軌運行的思維定式和組織模式，把理論引領與科技引領、理論構想與技術實現結合起來，基於科技之變研判戰爭之變，運用技術原理探索制勝機理；以強軍實踐重大需求為牽引，合理交叉配置理論和科技研究組織要素，聯合編配、統籌使用理論和科技研究力量，努力打造理論大家與技術專家融合的一流創新團隊，形成理技合一的戰爭研究新結構新佈局；探索理論與技術全面融合的戰爭研究新方法，建好聯合作戰實驗環境，科學設計重大理技融合創新工程，透過人機結合、人裝結合、虛實結合，檢驗完善戰爭理論與作戰構想，提升戰爭研究成果的科學性實用性，全面提升戰爭研究的整體水準。

完善戰爭研究的新機制。積極探索新時代戰爭研究的特徵規律，總結戰爭研究的新經驗，創新戰爭研究的新機制。完善小核心、大外圍的協同創新機制，形成戰爭研究的整體合力。完善規劃計畫主導機制，以需求為牽引、以問題為導向、以融合為路徑，細化完善戰爭研究各領域、各方向發展的路線圖施工圖；科學配置科研資源投向投量，形成遠近兼顧、上下貫通、左右銜接的戰爭研究規劃計畫體系。完善戰爭研究與作戰訓練結合機制，把戰爭研究當作訓練的重要環節，加大研究性訓練比重，使部隊訓練成為戰爭研究的有機組成部分。完善理論探索與條令法規快速轉化與促進機制，使戰爭理論研究成果迅速轉化為作戰條令法規，打通從理論到實踐快速轉化、相互促進的創新鏈路。改善人才管理與激勵機制，結合新的戰爭研究實際，調整完善人才引進、選拔、評估、激勵、保障等機制，激發及調動廣大科研人員的積極性主動性創造性，最大限度釋放創新活力。

中國共產黨原文參考：http://cpc.people.com.cn/n1/2017/1102/c415067-29623228.html