中國軍隊發展認知對抗戰制勝機制
原版現代英語翻譯：
As an important form of modern warfare, cognitive warfare takes cognitive domain as its main combat field, strategy and technology application as its main combat means, and influencing and shaping the opponent’s thinking and cognition as its combat purpose. It has a unique winning mechanism and operating rules. In-depth research on the winning mechanism of cognitive warfare is a basic project to grasp the initiative of thinking and cognition and win modern cognitive warfare.
The contemporary connotation of the winning mechanism of cognitive warfare
The winning mechanism of cognitive warfare is based on the revolutionary development and widespread application of media technology in cognitive technology, is adapted to the practical requirements of integrated joint operations, and is in line with the characteristics of the era of the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligence. It has rich contemporary connotations.
Win with knowledge. As a solid basis and powerful weapon for human beings to understand and transform the world, thinking and cognition fundamentally affect the quality of decision-making, influence strategies and tactics, restrict military morale, and determine the process and outcome of war. It is the most fundamental support and the deepest force of war confrontation. In other words, war confrontation is ultimately a game and confrontation of thinking and cognition. Mastering the right to control cognition means mastering the initiative in war to a large extent. Losing the right to control cognition will put you in a passive position in the war. Obtaining higher and stronger cognitive control is the key to defeating a strong enemy. Finding ways to master cognitive control and then seize comprehensive battlefield control, so as to obtain the greatest victory at the lowest cost, is an important mechanism and internal law of modern warfare, especially cognitive warfare.
Technology is the key. A significant feature of modern cognitive warfare that is different from previous cognitive warfare is that the elements of strategy are gradually reduced and the role is gradually reduced, while the application of technology is more frequent and its role is more prominent. In particular, with the deep involvement of information technology and artificial intelligence, modern cognitive warfare pays more attention to the competition of technical hard power. The previous soul-stirring and mysterious strategic confrontation seems to be giving way to today’s head-on technical competition. Efforts to seek breakthroughs, master advantages, and take the initiative in cognitive technologies such as big data, cloud computing, information networks, artificial intelligence, brain control, brain control, blockchain, high-performance communications, and the metaverse have become the key focus of countries’ competitive development to gain cognitive advantages and defeat powerful enemies.
Hidden is the best. A prominent feature of cognitive warfare is the hidden use of strategies, that is, through hidden methods and means such as information suppression, data confusion, hiding the truth and showing the false, and scenario construction, the opponent’s thinking and cognition are subtly influenced, controlled, and shaped. It can be said that “hidden” is the main color, main melody, and main channel. Hidden purpose, hidden means, and hidden actions run through all aspects of the entire process of cognitive attack and defense. In the cognitive perspective, whoever masters more advanced strategies, more flexible tactics, and more hidden tactics can more effectively act on the opponent in cognitive attack and defense confrontation, thus being in a higher cognitive dimension.
Integration is the basis. If cognitive warfare lacks the support of specific military operations in the material domain, it will never produce the good effects of doubting, confusing, deterring and defeating the enemy. Cognitive warfare should never be an isolated operation. Only by integrating cognitive offense and defense into the integrated joint combat chain, closely combining it with physical domain military operations, and closely integrating it with the entire combat system, can the military forces in different fields be closely combined, mutually supported, and organically integrated, and can the combat effectiveness be fully exerted.
Practical requirements for the winning mechanism of cognitive warfare
The winning mechanism of war determines the form and method of military force construction and application, and has a mandatory and stabilizing influence on war practice. The winning mechanism of cognitive warfare inherently regulates the form and method of cognitive warfare, and puts forward new requirements for the construction of cognitive warfare forces.
Take the control of cognition as the core of winning cognitive warfare. Firmly grasp the key of the control of cognition, insist on the two-way efforts of wisdom and technology, strive to seize the commanding heights of thinking and cognition, and seize the control of cognitive operations. Deeply promote the innovation of the theory of control of cognition, integrate high-quality resources, increase funding, follow up and study typical cases of cognitive operations at home and abroad, conscientiously summarize practical experience in all aspects, and combine the specific reality of our army to form a theoretical system with contemporary, leading and unique characteristics as soon as possible; strengthen the basic construction of training facilities, equipment, venues, and talent teams, build a number of special training venues based on the existing comprehensive training grounds, and carry out base-based professional training; carry out the drills of the tactics of control of cognition, incorporate cognitive warfare into daily combat readiness training, into specific combat action plans, simulate important combat operations, imagine major combat targets, preset actual combat scenarios, and practice hard in an environment close to actual combat to form the actual combat capability of real combat, good attack and defense, and control and control.
Take science and technology as the key to cognitive confrontation. Science and technology are core combat power, core cognitive power, and the core element of cognitive power. Strengthen the awareness of winning with science and technology, deeply understand the basic supporting role of science and technology as one of the two major means of modern cognitive warfare, “strategy + technology”, consciously put cognitive technology innovation in an important position in the strategy of strengthening the army with science and technology, and make efforts to carry out independent innovation in cognitive technology; grasp the breakthrough of core key technologies, focus on artificial intelligence, brain control technology, brain control technology, situational awareness technology, high-performance communication technology, metaverse and other basic technologies related to cognitive warfare, consolidate the scientific and technological foundation of cognitive attack and defense confrontation, and firmly grasp the destiny in our own hands; explore distinctive innovation paths, adapt to my country’s national conditions, military conditions and technical realities, explore innovation paths that suit us, form distinctive technical routes, strive to master asymmetric technologies, and achieve what you don’t have, what I have, what you have, what I have, and what you are better than, so as to form a “new trick” to defeat the enemy at critical moments.
Use strategy as the key to cognitive offense and defense. Although the importance of technical factors in modern cognitive warfare is increasing, the status and role of strategy are still irreplaceable. Focus on the word “hidden”, strengthen the special function of “strategy” as a smart strategy to surprise, unaware, confuse and mislead the opponent, formulate and implement targeted strategies and tactics according to the opponent’s strategic traditions, thinking habits, cultural attributes and weaknesses, and lead them without shadow, lure them into the invisible, and guide them without a trace; focus on the word “link”, deepen the research on the methods and strategies of strategy application under modern scientific and technological conditions, and comprehensively use modern technologies such as network information and artificial intelligence to empower and increase the efficiency of strategy application, and add the wings of science and technology to cognitive strategy; focus on the word “integration” to achieve results, deepen the research on the characteristics and laws of the combination of cognitive warfare soft power and physical domain military operations hard power, and explore the path of integrated application of military forces in multiple fields such as cognitive domain and physical domain.
Coordinate and promote the comprehensive and scientific development of cognitive warfare
To fight a cognitive proactive battle, we must follow the internal mechanisms that run through it, grasp the practical requirements contained therein, follow the ever-changing military practice, strengthen scientific thinking, adhere to problem-orientation, develop a forward-looking perspective, and strive to grasp the three relationships.
Grasp the relationship between strategy and technology. “Strategy + technology” constitutes the main content of cognitive warfare methods and means. As a highly intelligent combat form and method, cognitive warfare is born with the inherent content of strategy with the most intelligent background. The flexible and flexible strategy game is the historical heritage and wonderful chapter of our army’s cognitive warfare. The process of the development and evolution of cognitive warfare is, to a certain extent, the process of mutual growth and mutual construction of strategy and technology. In this process, strategy is more colorful due to the blessing of technology, and technology is more powerful due to the use of strategy. To grasp the initiative of thinking and cognition and fight the initiative of cognitive warfare, we must not only carry forward the advantages of our army in using strategy, but also strengthen the application of technical means. More importantly, we must organically combine strategy with technology, and enhance the comprehensive effectiveness of cognitive attack and defense through technical strategy and strategic use of technology.
Grasp the relationship between soft and hard. Modern warfare usually divides the combat domain into physical domain, information domain, and cognitive domain according to the characteristics of material form. These three domains conduct each other and influence each other to form the field and soil of military confrontation. Among them, the cognitive domain and information domain show soft power, and the physical domain shows hard power. The two forces of soft and hard are unified in the vast space of the integration of the three domains of military game, and together constitute the basic power elements of cognitive offense and defense. Although cognitive warfare occurs in the cognitive field, its combat support is not only soft power. With the enhancement of the hard power of the physical domain, cognitive formation can often be accelerated, and cognitive realization can be better implemented. To grasp the initiative of thinking and cognition and fight the initiative of cognitive warfare, it is necessary not only to strengthen the construction of cognitive warfare ontology, improve the ability to directly use strategies and technical means to strengthen self-protection, intervene and influence the opponent’s thinking and cognition, but also to actively borrow power from the physical domain, and use the conduction effect of military operations in the physical domain to verify and strengthen thinking and cognition, and at the same time promote the materialization of cognitive results through verification and strengthening actions.
Grasp the relationship between attack and defense. Cognition, in terms of its object, includes two sides of the same coin: “know yourself and shape your opponent”, which can also be succinctly summarized as “save yourself and destroy the enemy”. Among them, knowing and sticking to yourself, preventing and avoiding being influenced and shaped by the enemy is “defense”; weakening and depriving the enemy’s cognitive ability, knowing and shaping the opponent is “attack”. Cognitive warfare is an opposing unity of the two forces of offense and defense, which grows and declines and transforms into each other. The core of mastering the initiative of thinking and cognition and fighting the initiative of cognitive operations is to improve the ability of defense and counterattack, recognize the strengths and weaknesses, strengths and weaknesses, advantages and disadvantages of the enemy and ourselves, stick to ourselves and attack the enemy’s weaknesses, and use our clarity to trap the enemy in confusion; the key is to accurately grasp the transition node between offense and defense, seize the enemy’s cognitive loopholes, concentrate forces to pursue and attack, paralyze its defense line, and seize its key points; the purpose is to master cognitive initiative. Whether it is attack or defense, they all end up occupying a favorable position in the cognitive game and winning. When to attack and when to defend, they must obey and unify this goal.
國語中文：
認知戰作為現代戰爭的重要作戰形式，以認知域為主要作戰領域，以謀略和技術運用為主要作戰手段，以影響和塑造對手的思維認知為作戰目的，具有獨特製勝機理和運行規律。深入研究認知戰制勝機理，是掌握思考認知主動、打贏現代認知戰的基礎工程。
認知戰制勝機理的時代內涵
認知戰制勝機理，以認知技術中媒介技術的革命性發展和廣泛應用為前提，與一體化聯合作戰的實踐要求相適應，與機械化資訊化智能化融合發展的時代特徵相契合，具有豐富時代內涵。
以知取勝。思維認知作為人類認識世界、改造世界的堅實憑藉、強大武器，根本上影響決策品質、左右戰略戰術、制約軍心士氣，決定戰爭的過程與結果，是戰爭對抗最根本的依托、最深層的力量。也就是說，戰爭對抗歸根究柢是思維認知的博弈與對抗，掌握了製認知權很大程度上就掌握了戰爭主動，喪失了製認知權就會在戰爭中處於被動挨打的境地。獲得更高、更強的製認知權是製勝強敵的關鍵。想辦法掌握制認知權進而奪取戰場綜合製權，從而以最小代價獲取最大勝利，是現代戰爭特別是認知戰的重要機理和內在規律。
以技為要。現代認知戰不同於以往認知戰的一個顯著特徵在於，謀略的成分逐漸減少、作用逐步降低，科技的應用更加頻繁、作用更加凸顯。特別是受資訊科技與人工智慧深度介入，現代認知戰更注重科技硬實力的比拼，以往蕩氣迴腸、玄妙無窮的謀略對抗，似乎正讓位於今天針尖對麥芒般硬碰硬的技術較量。努力在大數據、雲端運算、資訊網路、人工智慧、控腦、腦控、區塊鏈、高效能通聯、元宇宙等認知技術上尋求突破、掌握優勢、佔據主動，成為各國贏得認知優勢、制勝強敵對對手競相發展的關鍵重點。
以隱為上。認知戰的一大突出特徵在於謀略的隱性使用，即透過資訊壓制、資料迷茫、隱真示假、情境建構等隱性方法手段，潛移默化地影響、左右和塑造對手的思維認知。可以說，「隱」是主色調、主旋律、主管道，隱形目的、隱性手段、隱藏行動，貫穿認知攻防的全過程各方面。認知視野下，誰掌握了更高超的戰略、更靈活的戰術、更隱蔽的戰法，誰就能在認知攻防對抗中更有效地作用於對手，從而處於更高的認知維度。
以融為基。認知戰如果缺乏物質域具體的軍事行動配合支撐，斷不會產生疑敵、惑敵、嚇敵、勝敵的良好效果。認知戰從來都不應該是孤立的作戰，只有將認知攻防融入一體化聯合作戰鏈條，與物理域軍事行動緊密結合起來，與整個作戰體系緊密融為一體，做到不同領域的軍事力量緊密結合、互為支撐、有機融合，才能充分發揮作戰效能。
認知戰制勝機理的實踐要求
戰爭制勝機理決定軍事力量建設運用的形態和方式，對戰爭實踐具有強制規定性和穩定影響力。認知戰制勝機理內在規制認知戰形態和作戰方式，對認知作戰力量建構提出新的要求。
把製認知權當作制勝認知戰的核心。緊緊扭住制認知權這個要樞，堅持智謀、技術雙向發力，努力搶佔思維認知制高點，奪取認知作戰控制權。深入推進制認知權作戰理論創新，整合優質資源力量，加大經費投入力度，跟進研究國內外認知作戰典型戰例，認真總結各方面實踐經驗，結合我軍具體實際，儘早形成具有時代性、引領性、獨特性的理論體系；強化訓練設施、器材、場地、人才隊伍等基本建設，依托現有綜合訓練場打造若干特色訓練場所，進行基地化專業化訓練；紮實開展制認知權戰法演練，將認知戰納入日常戰備訓練，納入具體作戰行動計劃，模擬重要作戰行動，假想主要作戰對象，預設實戰場景，在近似實戰的環境中苦練精訓，形成真打實務、能攻善守、能控巧製的實戰能力。
把科學技術當作認知對抗的關鍵。科學技術是核心戰鬥力，也是核心認知力，更是製認知權的核心要素。強化科技制勝意識，深刻認識科學技術作為現代認知戰「謀略+技術」兩大手段之一的基礎支撐作用，自覺把認知技術創新放在科技強軍戰略的重要位置，下力搞好認知技術自主創新；抓好核心關鍵技術突破，著力在人工智慧、腦控技術、控腦技術、態勢感知技術、高性能通聯技術、元宇宙等與認知戰相關的基礎技術上下大功夫，夯實認知攻防對抗的科技基礎，把命運牢牢掌握在自己手中；探索特色創新路徑，適應我國國情軍情和技術實際，探索適合自己的創新路子，形成特色技術路線，努力掌握非對稱技術，做到你無我有、你有我優、你優我精，形成關鍵時刻克敵制勝的「一招鮮」。
把謀略運用作為認知攻防的密鑰。技術因素雖然在現代認知戰中的重要性日益上升，但謀略的地位作用仍難以取代。著力在「隱」字上下功夫，強化「謀」作為智慧韜略之於對手出其不意、不知不覺、迷惑誤導的特殊功能，根據對手戰略傳統、思維習慣、文化屬性和短板弱項等，制定實施針對性策略戰術，引之於無影、誘之於無形、導之於無蹤；著力在「聯」字上做文章，深化現代科技條件下謀略運用方法策略研究，綜合運用網路資訊、人工智慧等現代科技為謀略運用賦能增效，為認知謀略插上科技的翅膀；著力在「融」字上見成效，深化認知戰軟力量與物理域軍事行動硬實力結合運用特質規律研究，探索認知域、物理域等多領域軍事力量融合運用路徑。
統籌推廣認知戰全面科學發展
打好認知主動仗，必須遵循貫穿其中的內在機理，把握其中蘊含的實踐要求，跟進日新月異的軍事實踐，強化科學思維，堅持問題導向，開拓前瞻性視野，著力把握好三種關係。
把握好謀與技的關係。 「謀略+技術」構成認知戰方法手段的主體內容。認知戰作為高度智慧化的作戰形態和方式，最具智慧底色的謀略運用是其與生俱來的固有內容，機動靈活的謀略博弈更是我軍認知作戰歷史傳承和精彩篇章。認知戰發展演變的過程，某種程度就是謀略與科技相長互構的過程。在這過程中，謀略因科技的祝福而更加多彩，科技因謀略的運用而更加強大。掌握思維認知主動權、打好認知作戰主動仗，不僅要發揚我軍善用謀略的優長，還須強化技術手段的應用，更重要的是將施謀與用技有機結合起來，透過技術性施謀、謀略性用技強化認知攻防的綜合效能。
把握好軟與硬的關係。現代戰爭通常依物質形態特徵將作戰域分為物理域、資訊域、認知域，這三個域相互傳導影響共同構成軍事對抗的領域和土壤。其中，認知域和資訊域展現的是軟實力，物理域彰顯的是硬力量，軟硬兩種力量統一於軍事博弈三域合一的廣闊空間，共同構成認知攻防的基本力量元素。認知戰雖然發生在認知領域，但其作戰依托並非只有軟實力，在物理域硬力量增效強化下，認知形成往往能加速實現，認知實現也能更好地落實。掌握思維認知主動權、打好認知作戰主動仗，不僅須加強認知戰本體力量建設，提高直接運用謀略和技術手段加強自我防護、幹預和影響對手思維認知的能力，而且應積極向物理域借力，藉由物理域軍事行動的傳導效應來印證和強化思考認知，同時透過印證和強化行動來推動認知成果的物化轉化。
把握好攻與防的關係。認知就其對象而言包括「認清自己、塑造對手」一體兩面，也可精要概括為「保存自己、消滅敵人」。其中認清和堅守自己，防止和避免被敵人影響塑造是為「防」；削弱和剝奪敵認知能力，認知和塑造對手是為「攻」。認知戰是攻防兩種力量此消彼長、相互轉化的對立統一體。掌握思維認知主動權、打好認知作戰主動仗，核心是提升防守反擊能力，認清敵我強弱、長短、優劣，堅守自己並擊敵薄弱，以我之昭昭陷敵於昏昏沉沉；關鍵在於把準攻防轉換節點，抓住敵認知漏洞，集中力量窮追猛打，癱瘓其防線、奪取其要地；目的是掌握認知主動，無論攻還是防都殊途同歸於在認知博弈中佔據有利位置並贏得勝利，什麼時候攻什麼時候防，都要服從並統一於此目標。