Tag Archives: China’s Informatization – 中國信息化

#intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Asymmetric Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Intelligentization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知域戰

What Kind of Victory Concept should China’s Military have in Information Warfare?

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我軍在資訊化戰爭中應有怎樣的勝利理念？

現代英語：

The army is first and foremost a fighting force that exists to fight. The ability to win battles is the fundamental meaning and value of the army’s existence. The new era has given our army new missions and tasks. Scientifically understanding and grasping the new era connotation of the concept of victory will not only help improve the pertinence of our army’s military struggle preparations, but also provide a new perspective for our army to build a world-class army and win future wars.

Explore the basic attributes of victory

When people talk about victory, they often limit the judgment of victory to a certain dimension, such as the supremacy of national interests, the gains and losses of economic interests, the elimination of living forces, and the achievement of political goals. However, victory or failure has multiple inherent attributes.

The multidimensionality of victory. Victory has multiple meanings and standards, which are reflected in multiple dimensions such as politics, military, economy, and diplomacy. In terms of politics, victory in war is unified with the political purpose of war. War is the continuation of politics, and war itself is an action of political nature. Only when the political purpose is achieved can victory in war come; in terms of military, victory must be based on a certain military advantage, and the advantage of military operations only provides the premise for victory in war; in terms of economy, victory in war means gaining economic or material benefits, and “defeating the enemy without fighting” becomes the highest realm; in terms of diplomacy, victory can demonstrate military and national prestige, especially the long-term peaceful environment brought about by lasting victory, which brings huge potential value for the long-term development of the country.

The evolution of victory. Victory changes with the development of the times, especially with the evolution of war forms, generating new connotations. From the era of cold weapons to the mechanized era, land is the basic material of social production. Victory in war is often marked by annihilation of the enemy and seizure of land. Conquering territory has become the core of victory in wars in the industrial era. In the information age, the proportion of traditional material resources in productivity has gradually decreased, and spiritual factors represented by information technology have become important means of production, with spiritual destruction and control becoming more prominent. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, the intelligent society and war forms are gradually coming, and the connotation of victory will inevitably undergo new changes.

The dialectic of victory. From the perspective of war as a whole, the subject of victory is dialectical. The two sides of a war are a pair of typical offensive and defensive contradictory relationships. It is impossible for them to reach a consensus on victory. The victory of one side means the failure of the other side. In the dialectic of victory and defeat, arrogant soldiers will surely fail, and mournful soldiers will surely win. If the victorious side cannot prevent pride, it will easily encounter defeat in the next war and turn into failure. On the contrary, if the losing side endures humiliation, it may win the next victory. In the dialectic of victory and defeat in time and space, long-lasting or short-term, global or local victories have different meanings. Temporary and local victories often hide the crisis of failure. Only by transforming short-term and local victories into long-lasting and global victories can the value and significance of victory be maximized.

The fundamental nature of victory. “If we cannot win the battlefield, everything else is zero.” The basic premise for winning a war is the victory of military operations, which lays the fundamental foundation for the final victory of the war. Without the victory of military operations, there is no premise for other victories. The army was born to fight and built to win, and its core is the ability to win. Different armies in different times and countries have different tasks, but their fundamental functions as combat teams have not changed, and the fundamental requirements for winning battles have not changed. Military victory is the fundamental starting point for all victories, and there should be no misunderstanding or hesitation on this point.

The significance of the era of cognitive victory

There are multiple attributes to judge victory, and the most important one is whether the army has effectively fulfilled the mission and tasks entrusted by the times. In the new era, we must resolutely fulfill the mission and tasks entrusted by the Party and the people to the “four strategic supports” based on the requirements of national security and development strategies, and ensure that we can come when called, fight when we come, and win when we fight.

To provide strategic support for consolidating the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the socialist system. Providing important force guarantees for the party to consolidate its ruling position and safeguard the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is not only a fundamental reflection of the nature and purpose of our army, but also a new requirement for the army. Especially in the face of various hostile forces stepping up their implementation of the Westernization and differentiation strategy against our country, if political security is not guaranteed, there will be no talk of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must stand firmly under the banner of the party, resolutely safeguard the security of the state power, system, and political security, consciously enhance the “four consciousnesses”, strengthen the “four self-confidences”, and achieve the “two safeguards”, implement the responsibility system of the Chairman of the Military Commission, and temper the political character of loyalty, cleanness, and responsibility, and implement the original intention and mission in our posts and in our words and deeds.

Provide strategic support for defending national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity. Victory requires the effective implementation of military operations and the achievement of combat superiority as the basic prerequisite, requiring us to deter and resist aggression, resolutely defend national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, and safeguard people’s security and social stability. my country is at a critical stage of moving from big to strong, and the security environment has undergone complex and profound changes. The comprehensiveness, complexity and variability of security issues have significantly increased. In particular, the issues of sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity are the core interests of the country, involving complex historical entanglements and geopolitics, and contain major political, diplomatic, trade and military risks. These issues cannot be avoided or avoided, and are major challenges to winning victory. We should strictly guard against all kinds of cannibalization, infiltration, sabotage and harassment activities, resolutely defend the security of border defense, coastal defense and air defense, and dare to defend national unity by stopping war with war, controlling the war situation and winning the war when necessary.

Provide strategic support for safeguarding the country’s overseas interests. Victory is to protect the country’s economic security and development interests as an important criterion, requiring us to safeguard overseas economic security. my country’s strategic interests continue to extend overseas, and business personnel and assets are widely distributed all over the world. Wherever the national interests extend, security guarantees must follow, especially at present, when the security of overseas economic interests is prominent, and international and regional turmoil, terrorism, and piracy pose real threats. We should actively promote international security and military cooperation, focus on improving the ability to carry out diversified military tasks, implement maritime escort, maintain the security of maritime strategic channels, carry out overseas evacuations, maritime rights protection and other actions, and effectively ensure the security of overseas interests.

Provide strategic support for promoting world peace and development. Victory means maintaining world peace, opposing aggression and expansion, and creating an international security environment conducive to the peaceful development of the country. Humankind is increasingly becoming a community with a shared future where interests are intertwined and safety and danger are shared. Faced with an increasingly complex diplomatic environment, especially the prominent contradictions brought about by the struggle for dominance of regional order, the struggle for rules, and the struggle for development paths, we must adhere to the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, uphold the correct concept of justice and interests, faithfully practice the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, deepen bilateral and multilateral security cooperation, promote coordination, inclusiveness, and complementary cooperation among different security mechanisms, create a security pattern of equality, mutual trust, fairness, justice, and common construction and sharing, provide more public security products to the international community within our capacity, and actively contribute to maintaining world peace and stability and building a community with a shared future for mankind.

Grasping the practical requirements for victory

Victory is achieved in military games. Military means are the bottom line for realizing the great dream. We must fully follow the laws of war guidance, ensure that military actions are coordinated with politics, diplomacy, and public opinion in military practice, and effectively realize the victory of justice, peace, and the people.

Strong in military. We will build a strong national defense and a powerful military that is commensurate with our international status and consistent with our national security and development interests, take the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics, promote the integrated development of mechanization and informatization, accelerate the development of intelligent military, build a modern combat system with Chinese characteristics, comprehensively advance the modernization of military theory, military organizational forms, military personnel, and weapons and equipment, strengthen the ability to carry out diversified military tasks, build the people’s army into a world-class army in an all-round way, and constantly improve its ability to fulfill its missions and tasks in the new era.

Politically reasonable. Military victory provides a solid foundation for political victory. It is necessary to guide military strategy with national strategy and to serve and support national strategy with military strategy. In planning and guiding war, we must have a deep understanding of the political nature of war, insist on military subordination to politics and strategy subordination to policy, and think about war issues from a political perspective. Especially in today’s era, war public opinion is highly transparent. Military operations must be closely coordinated with public opinion and legal struggles to seize the commanding heights of politics, morality and law, and lay a solid moral foundation and value support for victory in war.

It is beneficial to development. We should adhere to the overall national security concept, follow the path of national security with Chinese characteristics, better safeguard the important strategic opportunity period for my country’s development, and ensure that the great rejuvenation process is not delayed or interrupted. In today’s world, the factors associated with victory in war have increased significantly and become increasingly complex, showing the characteristics of hybrid warfare. Military operations should be closely coordinated with political security, economic interests, trade reciprocity and diplomatic initiative, and strategic planning should be carried out closely around safeguarding and realizing national interests.

Be moderate in action. The Chinese nation has always loved peace, and China has always adhered to a defensive national defense policy. We must implement the military strategic guidelines of the new era, adhere to the principles of defense, self-defense, and post-strike, implement active defense, adhere to the principle of “I will not attack others unless they attack me, but I will definitely attack others if they attack me”, emphasize the unity of containing war and winning war, and emphasize the unity of strategic defense and offensive in campaigns and battles.

[Extended reading: See previous articles in this edition: “What kind of view of war should we have” (2018/12/20), “What kind of view of power should we have” (2019/8/20), “What kind of view of advantage should we have” (2019/8/29), “What kind of view of power control should we have” (2019/9/17), “What kind of view of combat should we have” (2019/9/24)]

現代國語：

軍隊首先是一個戰鬥隊，是為打仗而存在的。能打勝仗是軍隊存在的根本意義和價值所在。新時代賦予了我軍新的使命任務，科學認識和掌握勝利觀的新時代內涵，不僅有助於提升我軍軍事鬥爭準備針對性，也為我軍全面建成世界一流軍隊、打贏未來戰爭提供了新的視角。

探究勝利的基本屬性

人們談論勝利，往往將勝利的評判局限在某維度，如唯國家利益至上說、唯經濟利益得失說、唯有生力量消滅說和唯政治目的達成說等，然而，勝利與否具有著多重內在屬性。

勝利的多維性。勝利具有多重意義與標準，體現在政治、軍事、經濟、外交等多個面向。在政治方面，戰爭勝利與戰爭政治目的統一性，戰爭是政治的延續，戰爭本身就是政治性質的行動。只有政治目的的達成，才意味著戰爭勝利的到來；在軍事方面，勝利必須以一定的軍事勝勢為基礎，軍事作戰的勝勢只為戰爭的勝利提供前提基礎；在經濟方面，戰爭的勝利意味著經濟或物質層面有所得，「不戰而屈人之兵」成為最高境界；在外交方面，勝利能夠打出軍威、國威，特別是持久勝利換來的長期和平環境，為國家長遠發展帶來巨大的潛在價值。

勝利的演進性。勝利隨著時代的發展而不斷變化，尤其是對應戰爭形態演變而產生新的內涵。冷兵器至機械化時代，土地是社會生產的基本資料，戰爭的勝利往往以殲敵奪地為主要標誌，征服領地成為工業化時代戰爭勝利的核心；資訊化時代中，傳統物質資源在生產力中的比重逐步降低，以資訊科技為代表的精神因素成為重要的生產資料，精神上摧毀與控制更為凸顯。隨著人工智慧技術的發展，智慧化社會及戰爭形態逐步來臨，勝利內涵必將產生新的變化。

勝利的辯證性。從戰爭整體來看，勝利主體具有辯證性，戰爭雙方是一對典型的攻防對抗矛盾關係，與生俱來就不可能達成一致的勝利，某一方的勝利意味著另一方的失敗；在勝敗轉換辯證性上，驕兵必敗、哀兵必勝，勝利方如果不能防止驕傲，就很容易在下一場戰爭中遭遇失利而轉為失敗，反之，失敗方如果忍辱負重就有可能贏得下一場勝利；在勝敗時空辯證性上，持久或短暫、全局或局部的勝利具有不同意義，暫時的、局部的勝利往往潛藏失敗危機，只有將短暫局部的勝利轉化為持久全局的勝利，才能最大程度地發揮勝利的價值和意義。

勝利的基礎性。 「戰場打不贏，一切等於零」。贏得戰爭勝利的基本前提是軍事作戰的勝利，它為轉化成最終戰爭的勝利奠定了根本基礎。沒有軍事行動的勝利，就沒有其它勝利的前提基礎。軍隊為打仗而生、為打贏而建，其核心是能打勝仗。不同時代、不同國家的不同軍隊擔負的任務不同，但作為戰鬥隊的根本職能沒有變，能打勝仗的根本要求沒有變。軍事上勝利是一切勝利的根本出發點，對於這一點不能有任何誤解和動搖。

認知勝利的時代要義

勝利有多重屬性評判標準，最核心的就是軍隊是否有效地履行了時代賦予的使命任務。新時代，我們要依據國家安全和發展戰略要求,堅決履行黨和人民賦予「四個戰略支撐」的使命任務，確保召之即來、來之能戰、戰之必勝。

為鞏固中國共產黨領導和社會主義制度提供戰略支持。為黨鞏固執政地位和維護中國特色社會主義制度提供重要的力量保證，既是我軍性質宗旨的根本體現，也是對軍隊提出的新要求。特別是面對各種敵對勢力加緊對我國實施西化、分化戰略，倘若政治安全得不到保障，中華民族偉大復興就無從談起。我們必須堅定地站在黨的旗幟下，堅決維護國家政權安全、制度安全、政治安全，自覺增強“四個意識”、堅定“四個自信”、做到“兩個維護”，貫徹軍委主席負責制，錘鍊忠誠乾淨擔當的政治品格，把初心和使命落實到本職崗位上、一言一行中。

為捍衛國家主權、統一、領土完整提供戰略支持。勝利就是要以有效履行軍事行動、達成作戰勝勢為基本前提條件，要求我們嚇阻和抵抗侵略，堅決捍衛國家主權、統一、領土完整，維護人民安全和社會穩定。我國正處於由大向強的關鍵階段，安全環境發生複雜深刻變化，安全問題的綜合性、複雜性、多變性顯著增強。特別是主權、統一、領土完整問題是國家核心利益，涉及複雜的歷史糾葛、地緣政治，蘊含著重大政治、外交、貿易、軍事風險。這些問題繞不開、躲不過，是贏得勝利所面臨的重大挑戰。我們應嚴密防範各類蠶食、滲透、破壞及襲擾活動，堅決保衛邊防、海防、空防安全，必要時敢於透過以戰止戰、控制戰局、贏得戰爭來捍衛國家統一。

為維護國家海外利益提供策略性支撐。勝利就是要以保護國家經濟安全和發展利益為重要標準，要求我們維護海外經濟安全。我國戰略利益不斷向海外延伸，商貿人員與資產廣泛分佈在世界各地。國家利益拓展到哪裡，安全保障就必須跟進到哪裡，特別是當前海外經濟利益安全問題凸顯，國際和區域動盪、恐怖主義、海盜活動等構成現實威脅。我們應積極推動國際安全和軍事合作，著力提升遂行多元軍事任務能力，實施海上護航，維護海上戰略通道安全，遂行海外撤僑、海上維權等行動，有效確保海外利益安全。

為促進世界和平與發展提供策略支持。勝利就是要維護世界和平，反對侵略擴張，創造有利於國家和平發展的國際安全環境。人類日益成為利益交融、安危與共的命運共同體。面對日益複雜的外交環境，特別是區域秩序主導權之爭、規則之爭、發展道路之爭帶來的突出矛盾，我們要堅持共同、綜合、合作、可持續的安全觀，秉持正確義利觀，忠實踐行人類命運共同體理念，深化雙邊和多邊安全合作，促進不同安全機制間協調包容、互補合作，營造平等互信、公平正義、共建共享的安全格局，在力所能及的範圍內向國際社會提供更多公共安全產品，積極為維護世界和平穩定、建構人類命運共同體貢獻力量。

掌握勝利的實踐要求

勝利是在軍事博弈中取得。軍事手段是實現偉大夢想的保底手段，我們要充分遵循戰爭指導規律，在軍事實踐中確保軍事行動與政治、外交、輿論等相配合，有效實現正義必勝、和平必勝和人民必勝。

軍事上有力。建構同國際地位相稱、同國家安全和發展利益相適應的鞏固國防和強大軍隊，走中國特色的強軍之路，推動機械化資訊化融合發展，加速軍事智能化發展，建構我軍特色的現代作戰體系，全面推進軍事理論現代化、軍隊組織形態現代化、軍事人員現代化、武器裝備現代化，強化執行多樣化軍事任務的能力，把人民軍隊全面建成世界一流軍隊，不斷提高履行新時代使命任務的能力。

政治上有理。軍事作戰勝利為政治勝利提供堅實基礎，就要以國家戰略牽引軍事戰略，以軍事戰略服務來支持國家戰略。規劃指導戰爭，必須深刻認識戰爭的政治屬性，堅持軍事服從政治、戰略服從政略，從政治高度思考戰爭問題。特別是當今時代，戰爭輿論高度透明，軍事行動要與輿論法理鬥爭密切配合，搶佔政治、道義和法律的製高點，為戰爭勝利奠定紮實的道義基礎和價值依托。

發展上有利。堅持整體國家安全觀，走中國特色國家​​安全道路，更好維護我國發展重要戰略機會期，確保偉大復興進程不會被滯緩或打斷。當今世界，戰爭勝利的關聯因素顯著增多、複雜性不斷增強，呈現出混合戰爭的特徵。軍事作戰行動，應密切配合政治安全、經濟利益、貿易互惠和外交主動等方面，緊緊圍繞維護好實現好國家利益進行戰略運籌。

行動上有節。中華民族歷來愛好和平，中國始終不渝奉行防禦性國防政策。我們要貫徹落實新時代軍事戰略方針，堅持防禦、自衛、後發制人原則，實行積極防禦，堅持“人不犯我、我不犯人，人若犯我、我必犯人”，強調遏制戰爭與打贏戰爭相統一，強調戰略上防禦與戰役戰鬥上進攻統一。

【延伸閱讀：參見本版往期文章《應有怎樣的戰爭觀》（2018/12/20）《應有怎樣的力量觀》（2019/8/20）《應有怎樣的優勢觀》（2019 /8/29）《應有怎樣的製權觀》（2019/9/17）《應有怎樣的作戰觀》（2019/9/24）】

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2019-10/08/content_244763.htm

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Informatization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭

Studying the Military, Studying War, Studying How to Fight: Chinese Military Combat Deception on the Intelligent Battlefield

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研究軍事、研究戰爭、研究怎麼打仗：中國軍隊在智慧戰場上作戰的欺騙

現代英語：

It is easy to break the “fog” of the battlefield, but it is difficult to break the “obsession” in your heart——

Combat Deception on the Intelligent Battlefield

■ Yuan Yi Zhao Di

introduction

Since ancient times, achieving surprise through combat deception has been an important way to win on the battlefield. Entering the era of intelligence, the in-depth application of artificial intelligence technology has not only clearly dispelled the original war “fog”, but also created a large amount of new war “fog”. If we only rely on improving deception techniques and means, and simply superimposing and strengthening the traditional deception paradigm, it will become increasingly difficult to achieve the deception goal. From “smart deception” to “smart victory”, there is an urgent need for an overall transformation of the objects of deception, means of deception, methods of deception, and focus of deception, so as to form a new deception paradigm that meets the requirements of the intelligent era.

The target of deception has shifted from humans to human-machine hybrid agents

Clausewitz believed that three-quarters of the factors on which war is based are more or less surrounded by the “fog” of uncertainty. Combat deception is essentially the use of uncertainty in war. The more “fog” there is in war, the more room there is for maneuvering. Traditional combat deception is carried out around the opponent’s decision-making level, and people are the only target of deception. However, with the increasingly prominent role of intelligent intelligence analysis and auxiliary decision-making systems in command activities, the use of deception to achieve strategic, campaign, and tactical surprises faces major challenges. How to deceive human-machine hybrid intelligent entities composed of humans and intelligent systems has become an important factor that needs to be considered when planning and implementing deception in the intelligent era. The competition surrounding intelligent deception and anti-deception is becoming increasingly fierce.

There is a world of difference between deceiving people and deceiving intelligent systems. In the past, the “calculations” that deceived people may be exposed when facing the “calculations” of intelligent systems. Intelligent systems can efficiently integrate and process massive amounts of sensor data and Internet open source information, making a qualitative leap in the speed, depth, breadth and accuracy of battlefield situation perception, realizing a profound transformation from “sensing” to “knowing”, from “state” to “momentum”, and playing an important role in dispelling the “fog” of war. For example, on the battlefield, although both sides try to hide the truth and cover up their intentions in various ways, they still cannot escape the “eyes” of the intelligent system: the tracks left by carefully disguised tanks and armored vehicles, after being detected by the enemy’s satellites, drones, etc., will also reveal their specific locations under the analysis of the intelligent system.

On the contrary, it is very easy to deceive intelligent systems with methods that target them, but it may not be able to deceive people. A foreign research team found that by changing a few key pixels in a picture of a cat, the intelligent system can identify the cat as a dog, while the human eye will not make any recognition errors due to this change. Similar incidents are common. Some studies have pointed out that sticking a piece of paper with a special pattern on a person’s forehead can deceive the strongest facial recognition system, and this method is highly portable and can deceive other facial recognition algorithms with a slight change.

It can be seen that deceiving people and deceiving intelligent systems are two different “deception methods”. After the deep application of artificial intelligence in the field of intelligence analysis and auxiliary decision-making, from the formulation of strategic deception plans to the design of battlefield camouflage patterns, how to deceive both the human brain and the computer and keep the human-machine hybrid intelligent body “in the dark” will be an important issue that needs to be focused on and solved in order to win the initiative in war.

The fraudulent methods have shifted from being mainly human-based to a combination of human and machine.

The organization and implementation of traditional combat deception is mainly manual, especially large-scale strategic deception, which requires a lot of manpower, material and financial resources. For example, in World War II, the Allies formulated a series of deception plans to ensure the success of the Normandy landing: setting up a fake radio network and a simulated landing fleet, and imagining that the US 1st Army Group with 50 divisions and 1 million people was actively preparing to cross the channel and land in the direction of Calais; using the air force to bomb Calais and Normandy, but the former was bombed more than 1 times more than the latter, etc. The application of artificial intelligence in deception can fundamentally change this situation. With humans as the main guide and intelligent means as the auxiliary, it can quickly generate massive amounts of false information, confusing the real with the fake, and create a thicker war “fog” for the opponent.

The use of intelligent means can improve the quality of deception. On the one hand, intelligent decision-making aids can be used to formulate deception plans, optimize the design of deception forces, deception deployment, deception processes, etc., to achieve systematic deception with the best overall effect; on the other hand, intelligent intelligence analysis systems can be used to pre-test the deception effect, “using one’s own spear to attack one’s own shield”, find out the loopholes and contradictions in the plan, and then improve the deception plan to make it logically self-consistent and seamless.

The use of intelligent means can expand the scale of deception. The increasingly mature deep fake technology can synthesize realistic fake pictures, handwriting, audio, video, etc. in large quantities, and has broad application prospects in strategic, campaign, and tactical deception. For example, in strategic campaign deception, corresponding technical means can be used to confuse opponents by forging fake radio stations and fake commanders, and even to fake an active command post in a certain battle direction; in tactical deception, battlefield camouflage can be used to attach special patterns to high-value equipment to make the opponent’s intelligent system recognize it incorrectly.

The use of intelligent means can reduce the cost of deception. With the support of technologies such as virtual reality and deep fakes, unexpected deception effects can often be achieved with the help of synthetic optics, acoustics and other means, and they are low-cost and low-investment, which is more cost-effective than traditional strategic deception methods. For example, setting up false targets such as bait unmanned combat platforms, using electronic feints and electronic camouflage to send false signals can effectively restrain the opponent’s power, produce high returns at low cost, and thus gain the upper hand.

The use of intelligent means can optimize the accuracy of deception. Traditional combat deception is usually stereotyped, with prominent characteristics of broadcast, extensive, and generalized. For this reason, in the era of intelligence, we should focus on collecting data on opponent decision makers in peacetime and use big data for precise analysis to “know the enemy” more deeply and specifically. On this basis, deep fake technology can be used in wartime to customize the content of deception, realizing precise deception from targeting groups to targeting individuals.

The method of deception has shifted from mainly deceiving to mainly confusing and seducing.

“Playing cards” and “playing chess” are two game modes with completely different battlefield transparency. In the “playing cards” mode, both sides only know the cards that the opponent has played, but do not know the cards in the opponent’s hand, let alone what cards the opponent will play next; while in the “playing chess” mode, the deployment of both sides’ forces on the chessboard is completely transparent, but the opponent’s intentions and the next move are unknown. It is not difficult to see that from cold weapon wars, hot weapon wars, mechanized wars, informationized wars, and then to intelligent wars, the form of war confrontation is increasingly changing from the “playing cards” mode to the “playing chess” mode.

In a war of “playing cards”, blind deception is very useful. Through strict disguise and strict confidentiality, the opponent’s channels of information can be blocked as much as possible, making it impossible for the opponent to detect one’s own intentions and actions, thereby achieving surprise. In the past, when the means of obtaining information were limited and information on the battlefield situation was scarce, there were many examples of wars that used “hiding the truth” and “showing falsehood” to achieve surprise. However, at present, with the help of advanced reconnaissance technology, full-dimensional and full-spectrum reconnaissance has been realized, and the battlefield is becoming more and more transparent. Complete concealment without any revealing features is difficult to achieve. Once the concealment state is switched to the action state, the probability of being discovered by the opponent will be greatly increased. Blind deception can only become an auxiliary deception method.

In the war of “chess”, the following two deception methods are usually used: one is confusing deception, that is, using intelligent means to send a large amount of true and false mixed and difficult to identify information, increasing the ambiguity of information and the difficulty of analysis, making it difficult for the opponent to judge or misjudge. The second is inducement deception, that is, by sending high-definition misleading information, the opponent is led into a preset trap. The combination of these two methods and the cooperation of blinding deception together constitute a hybrid deception that is difficult for the opponent to guard against.

The focus of deception shifts from human perception to human cognition

As the main subject of war, people are important variables that influence the war situation, which implies uncertainty and uncontrollability. From the perspective of psychology, cognitive neurology and other aspects, the “black box” of the mind still cannot be revealed. Deception by deception targets people’s eyes and ears, taking advantage of human sensory weaknesses, while deception by deception and temptation directly targets people’s minds, taking advantage of human weaknesses.

From past cases, even with the most advanced intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance technology and the most intelligent analysis methods, it is impossible to make up for and overcome human weaknesses. In many cases, it is not that the intelligence department failed to recognize the opponent’s deception, but that the decision-makers are unwilling to believe the facts. On the eve of the Soviet-German War in World War II, although more and more evidence showed that Germany was planning to invade the Soviet Union, the Soviet decision-makers believed that the war would not come for the time being. Therefore, when the war broke out, the Soviet army was not well prepared for the response, and the initial defensive actions were very passive.

War practice shows that in the era of intelligence, even if the opponent has obvious military technology advantages and can achieve one-way transparency on the battlefield through advanced intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance technology, the enemy can still take advantage of the cognitive weaknesses of the opponent’s decision-making layer to implement counter-intuitive deception and cover up the true intentions and actions. This also shows that the focus and center of deception in the era of intelligence should not be entirely on how to deliberately cover up the traces of military actions, but should focus more on targeting the opponent’s decision-making layer and inducing it to make decisions and actions that the enemy wants to see.

(Author’s unit: Institute of War Studies, Academy of Military Science)

現代國語：

資料來源：中國軍網-解放軍報 作者：袁 藝 趙 頔 責任編輯：尚曉敏 出版：2024-08-13 07:01:28

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●破戰場「迷霧」易，破心中「執念」難——

智能化戰場上的戰鬥欺騙

■袁 藝 趙 頔

引 言

自古以來，透過作戰欺騙達成突然性，是戰場制勝的重要途徑。進入智慧化時代，人工智慧技術的深度應用，在清晰撥開原有戰爭「迷霧」的同時，又製造出大量新的戰爭「迷霧」。如果只依賴改進欺騙技術和手段，在傳統欺騙範式上做簡單的疊加強化，就想達成欺騙目標的難度越來越大。由“智騙”到“智勝”，迫切需要欺騙對象、欺騙手段、欺騙方式、欺騙重心等各個方面的整體轉變，形成適應智能化時代要求的新型欺騙範式。

欺騙對象由人轉向人機混合智能體

克勞塞維茨認為，戰爭所依據的四分之三的因素或多或少被不確定性的「迷霧」包圍著。作戰欺騙本質上就是對戰爭中不確定性的利用，戰爭「迷霧」越多，施計用謀的空間就越大。傳統作戰欺騙都是圍繞著對方決策層而展開的，人是欺騙的唯一對象。但隨著智慧情報分析與輔助決策系統在指揮活動中的地位作用日益凸顯，以欺騙達成戰略、戰役、戰術突然性面臨重大挑戰。如何欺騙人與智慧系統共同組成的人機混合智能體，成為智能化時代籌劃實施欺騙需要考慮的重要因素，圍繞智能欺騙與反欺騙的較量日趨激烈。

欺騙人與欺騙智慧系統有著天壤之別，以往欺騙人的「算計」在面對智慧系統的「計算」時可能會被識破。智慧型系統可高效融合處理海量的傳感器數據和互聯網開源信息，使得戰場態勢感知的速度、深度、廣度和精度產生質的飛躍，實現由“感”到“知”、由“態”到“勢”的深刻轉變，在撥開戰爭「迷霧」方面發揮重要作用。例如，戰場上盡管交戰雙方都試圖用各種方法隱藏真相、掩蓋企圖，但仍逃不出智能係統的「慧眼」：精心偽裝的坦克、裝甲車等留下的車轍痕跡，被對方衛星、無人機等偵照後，在智慧型系統的分析下也會暴露出具體位置。

相反，針對智慧型系統的欺騙方式欺騙智慧系統非常容易，但可能又欺騙不了人。國外研究團隊發現，只要改變一隻貓的圖片中的少數幾個關鍵像素，就可以使智慧系統將貓識別為狗，而人眼則完全不會因這種變化而出現識別錯誤。類似的事件屢見不鮮，有研究指出，在人類前額上貼一張有特殊圖案的紙片，就能夠騙過最強的人臉識別系統，且這一方法具有很強的可移植性，稍加改變就可以欺騙其他的人臉識別演算法。

由此可見，欺騙人與欺騙智慧系統是兩種不同的「騙法」。人工智慧深度應用於情報分析與輔助決策領域後，大到戰略欺騙方案的製定，小到戰場迷彩圖案的設計，如何既騙過人腦又騙過電腦，把人機混合智能體「蒙在鼓裡”，將會是贏得戰爭主動權需要重點關注並加以解決的重要課題。

欺騙手段由人工為主轉向人機結合

傳統作戰欺騙的組織實施以人工為主，尤其是大規模的戰略欺騙，需要投入大量的人力物力財力。例如，二戰時盟軍為確保諾曼底登陸成功，制定了一系列疑兵計畫：建立假的無線電網和模擬登陸艦隊，虛構有50個師100萬人的美第1集團軍群，正在積極準備橫渡海峽向加萊方向登陸；使用空軍對加萊和諾曼底進行轟炸，但前者遭到的轟炸比後者多1倍以上等等。人工智慧運用於欺騙可從根本上改變這一局面，以人為主導輔以智能手段，可快速生成海量虛假信息，以假亂真，給對手製造更加濃厚的戰爭“迷霧”。

運用智慧手段可提升欺騙品質。一方面，可運用智慧輔助決策手段訂定欺騙計畫，優化設計欺騙力量、欺騙部署、欺騙流程等，實現全局效果最佳的體系化欺騙；另一方面，可運用智慧情報分析系統預先檢驗欺騙效果， “以己之矛攻己之盾”，找出計劃中的漏洞和矛盾點，進而完善欺騙計劃，使其邏輯自洽、嚴絲合縫。

運用智慧手段可擴大欺騙規模。日益成熟的深度偽造技術，可大量合成逼真的虛假圖片、筆跡、音頻、視頻等，在戰略、戰役、戰術欺騙中有著廣泛的應用前景。例如，在戰略戰役欺騙方面，可透過相應技術手段，偽造假電台、假指揮員等迷惑對手，甚至能夠在某一戰役方向偽造一個活躍的指揮所；在戰術欺騙方面，可通過戰場偽裝，給高價值裝備貼上特製圖案，使對手的智慧系統識別出錯。

運用智慧手段可降低欺騙成本。在虛擬現實、深度偽造等技術的支持下，借助合成光學、聲學等手段往往也能達到意想不到的欺騙效果，並且兼具低成本、小投入的特點，相比傳統戰略欺騙方式具有高效費比優勢。如設置誘餌無人作戰平台等假目標，運用電子佯動、電子偽裝等施放假信號，都能夠有效牽制對手力量，以低成本產出高回報，從而贏得制勝先機。

運用智慧手段可優化欺騙精度。傳統作戰欺騙通常千篇一律，廣播式、粗放式、概略化特點比較突出。為此，智能化時代，平時就應注重廣泛收集對手決策者數據，並運用大數據進行精確分析，以更加深刻更加具體地「知彼」。在此基礎上，戰時就可運用深度偽造技術個性化客製化欺騙內容，實現由針對群體到瞄準個體的精準欺騙。

欺騙方式由以蒙蔽為主轉向以迷惑、誘導為主

「打牌」和「下棋」是戰場透明度截然不同的兩種賽局模式。 「打牌」模式中，雙方都只知道對手已出的牌，但不知道對手手中的牌，更不知道下一步對手會出什麼牌；而「下棋」模式中，棋盤上雙方兵力部署完全透明，但不知道對手企圖和下一步棋怎麼走。不難看出，從冷兵器戰爭、熱兵器戰爭、機械化戰爭到資訊化戰爭，再到智慧化戰爭，戰爭對抗形式日益由「打牌」模式轉變為「下棋」模式。

在「打牌」模式的戰爭中，蒙蔽式欺騙非常管用，可通過嚴密偽裝和嚴格保密，盡可能地封鎖對手的獲情渠道，使其無法察覺己方企圖和行動，進而達成突然性。在過去資訊獲取手段有限、戰場態勢資訊匱乏的年代，主用「隱真」輔以「示假」達成突然性的戰例很多。但當前，憑借先進偵察技術，已經實現了全維全譜偵察，戰場透明化程度越來越高，無任何暴露特徵的完全隱蔽已難以實現，而一旦由隱蔽狀態轉入行動狀態，更會大大增加被對手發現的機率，蒙蔽式欺騙只能成為輔助欺騙手段。

在「下棋」模式的戰爭中，通常採用以下兩種欺騙方式：一是迷惑式欺騙，即藉助智能手段，發出大量真假混雜、難以辨認的信息，增大信息模糊度和分析難度，使對手難以判斷或判斷失誤。二是誘導式欺騙，即透過發出高清晰誤導訊息，將對手引入預設陷阱。兩種方式結合再加上蒙蔽式欺騙的配合，共同構成了對手難以防範的混合式欺騙。

欺騙重心由人的感知轉向人的認知

作為戰爭的主體，人是左右戰局的重要變量，蘊含著不確定性和不可控性。從心理學、認知神經學等層面來看，心智的「黑箱」仍然無法揭開。蒙蔽式欺騙針對的是人的耳目，利用的是人類感官弱點，而迷惑式和誘導式欺騙直指人的心智，利用的是人性弱點。

從以往案例來看，即使擁有最先進的情報監視偵察技術和最聰明化的分析手段，也無法彌補和克服人性弱點。很多情況下，不是情報部門沒有辨識出對手的欺騙，而是決策層不願意相信事實。在第二次世界大戰蘇德戰爭前夕，盡管當時越來越多的證據表明，德國正計劃入侵蘇聯，但蘇聯決策層認為戰爭暫時不會來臨，所以當戰爭爆發時，沒有做好應對準備的蘇軍，前期的防禦行動非常被動。

戰爭實踐表明，進入智能化時代，即使對手擁有明顯的軍事技術優勢，能夠通過先進的情報監視偵察技術達成戰場單向透明，但己方仍可利用對手決策層的認知弱點，實施反直覺欺騙，掩蓋真實意圖和行動。這也表明，智能化時代欺騙的發力點和重心，不應全部放在如何刻意掩蓋軍事行動痕跡上，而應更加註重針對對手決策層，誘導其作出己方希望看到的決策行動。

（作者單位：軍事科學院戰爭研究院）

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16330870.html

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #intellligentization, Chinese Military Future Wars, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知戰

Chinese Military Building a Solid Data Foundation for Victory in the Intelligent Battlefield

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中國軍隊為智慧戰場勝利建構堅實數據基礎

現代英語：

Build a solid data foundation for victory in the intelligent battlefield

——A brief analysis of military data management in future wars

■Bai Xiaoying Li Xiaosong

Military data is an important engine for promoting changes in the quality, efficiency and power of military construction. With the development of technology, the way data is generated and used is constantly changing, which poses new challenges to the concepts and methods of military data. To win the future information-based and intelligent war, it is necessary to establish a new military data governance ecosystem, focus on strengthening data integration and data empowerment, and enhance data management capabilities throughout the life cycle, support capabilities for scenario-based analysis and intelligent applications, and safe and controllable supervision capabilities.

Recognize the objective necessity of military data governance

As a basic resource, data is being integrated into military operations, military training, strategic management, equipment construction, and logistics support at an accelerated pace. Military data governance activities are based on data quality, aim to release data value, and ensure data security, and are becoming increasingly important in the construction of military informationization and intelligence.

Objective requirements for improving data quality. Whether it is military construction management or military combat command, it is necessary to process and analyze a large amount of data with various types, different standards, and complex relationships from different channels, different time and space, and different fields. The large amount of data accumulated at different stages of military construction often has problems such as incomplete systems, inaccurate content, untimely updates, and ineffective alignment of multiple source data, which can easily lead to insufficient decision-making basis and even misleading decisions. Improving the availability, completeness, correctness, consistency, timeliness and other credible attributes of military data, and supporting military modeling and analysis based on high-quality data can provide support for the realization of scientific decision-making based on data.

The practical need to release the value of data. Traditional military information systems are mostly used to support a single department or a single business need. Data is created and stored along with the business system. Data between different systems is difficult to be compatible and effectively associated, and business collaboration processes based on data flow have not been established between different departments. With the continuous iteration of the system, a large amount of high-value data cannot be reused and may become “stagnant water”. However, business development requires a large amount of historical data resources from different periods. Repeated construction is bound to cause a large waste of manpower, financial resources and time. Data governance promotes the cross-level, cross-domain, cross-system, cross-departmental and cross-business circulation of data by establishing data standards, optimizing business processes, and improving management mechanisms, continuously improving the ability of comprehensive data perception and deep cognition, and maximizing the release of data value.

Necessary measures to ensure data security. The high sensitivity of military data determines the high security requirements of governance. Due to threats such as data leakage, data destruction, and data abuse, data owners and users often have various concerns about sharing data, resulting in many problems such as invisible, unavailable, and dare not use data. Data security governance runs through the entire life cycle of data generation, circulation, application, evolution, and destruction, meets the trust requirements of data rights authorization, shared circulation, audit traceability, and builds a management and technical system for security assurance.

Face up to the role and value of military data governance

Military data governance can effectively improve data quality, ensure data security, promote data sharing, and play an enabling role in assisting military construction and management decision-making and improving the effectiveness of military scientific research and innovation.

Empower future combat operations. In future wars, combat advantages are highly dependent on data advantages. The ever-changing battlefield environment requires real-time aggregation of data from land, sea, air, space, electricity, and network combat domains to gain decision-making advantages. In an open, collaborative, dynamic, and evolving data ecosystem, high-quality data governance can effectively ensure the quality and security of data throughout its life cycle. Building a modern data connection and sharing architecture can horizontally connect data covering various forces in joint operations, and vertically aggregate data covering command and control, battlefield environment, combat readiness intelligence, etc., to form a data pool that supports multi-domain operations and provide real-time, multi-source data assurance for multi-domain operations. Data governance targets a large amount of raw data, efficiently removes the coarse and retains the fine, removes the false and retains the true, and extracts high-value information, so that commanders can grasp the accurate and dynamic battlefield situation in real time in future operations, and use this as a basis to accurately judge the enemy’s situation and our situation, make scientific decisions and deployments, accurately control combat actions, and ensure the accuracy and efficiency of multi-domain combat activities. According to changes in the battlefield situation and different types of authorization, commanders can flexibly and quickly obtain and call data that meets combat applications, providing more powerful data support and better service supply for multi-domain operations.

Support the modernization of military governance. In the era of intelligence, through the digital collection, standardized processing, and networked connection of military governance elements, the physical world is highly digitized, and the physical world is reshaped by digital mapping, realizing the full connection of physical domains, information domains, etc. With the help of data governance, an integrated military governance information network platform that is cross-military, cross-domain, and cross-system can be systematically built, effectively integrating multiple governance paths such as leadership, coordination, guidance, and interaction, and driving the transformation of fragmented management to holistic governance. The deep integration of military data governance work with business work such as military strategic management, equipment construction, training support, and military scientific research can provide high-quality data for planning, resource allocation, and management evaluation, and promote the improvement of the quality and efficiency of the military governance system. Through data governance, effective integration and deep fusion of data across systems and departments can be achieved, which can effectively break through the time, space and field limitations of the traditional management system and improve modern military governance capabilities.

Promote the development of military intelligence. In modern warfare, both sides try to take various means to obtain, analyze and use battlefield data. Data has become the basic support for the overall operation of the combat system based on the information system. Under the conditions of informatization and intelligence, the combat system operates based on data, combat decisions are generated based on data, and combat actions are guided by data. Having data advantages is the prerequisite for the system to win. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of general artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT and Sora and the huge effectiveness they have shown in the military field, related technologies need high-quality data to “feed”. Data quality often directly determines the “intelligence” of intelligent algorithm models, and even affects the level of military intelligence construction. Strengthening military data governance can efficiently discover and agilely associate related information, extract and integrate multi-domain knowledge, maintain the integrity, consistency, and freshness of information in the process of dynamic evolution, and provide highly credible, highly reliable, and high-value data supply for artificial intelligence training, ensuring that it is not “misled”, enhancing its reliability and explainability, and thereby improving the ability of artificial intelligence to serve complex battlefield situation perception and accurate analysis and decision-making.

Exploring the implementation path of military data governance

Data governance takes data as its object, and needs to sort out the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved in data circulation, forming a data circulation model of benign interaction, co-construction, sharing and co-governance among multiple participants, so as to maximize the release of value. To build a military data governance system, we need to start from the resource system, institutional system, technical system and other aspects.

Build a resource system. Military data business scenarios are diverse, state structures are multi-dimensional, and classification is complex. In order to make data “visible” and “well used”, data resource construction needs to start from the supply side, identify false information, efficiently discover and agilely associate related information, extract and integrate multi-domain knowledge, maintain data integrity in the dynamic evolution process, and form a high-quality data pool. According to different dimensions, a hierarchical and classified military data resource system can be constructed to form a data space with unified identification, multi-dimensional annotation, compliance and security, clear hierarchy, and reasonable structure. According to the requirements of data resource classification and classification, effectively control data usage rights, avoid confusion in data usage management, and realize data discoverability, accessibility, understandability, trustworthiness, and interoperability based on a unified data resource framework.

Improve the institutional system. In the economic and social fields, the data governance framework defines the consensus on the exercise of decision-making power and division of responsibilities for data-related matters, that is, who can take what actions based on what information, at what time and under what circumstances, using what methods. Military data governance needs to be combined with the characteristics of the military field, military activity processes and application scenarios, clarify the laws and regulations on the cross-domain flow of data between different management agencies, security jurisdictions, and physical networks, clarify the authority, responsibilities and collaboration models of different actors in providing and using data, establish rules and regulations covering activities such as data collection, integration and sharing, service application, and security management, promote data construction to be standardized, scientific, and institutionalized, collect, process and apply data in accordance with regulations, standards, authority, and scenarios, and ensure that all stakeholders work in a coordinated manner.

Upgrade the technical system. Facing future wars, it is necessary to build a more adaptable and efficient security technology system that is more adaptable to the release of data value, and to ensure the implementation and implementation of the governance system through technical means. Based on operational data foundations, metadata, data exchange and other standards and specifications, build technologies and tools such as data collection and access, organizational management, shared exchange, and secure operation and control to support the full life cycle management of data. Through technical means such as access control, content protection, operation authorization, traceability and evidence, and regulatory auditing, ensure that data sharing and application meet reasonable, legal, and compliant requirements. For example, based on the digital object system, realize “identity card-style” data management to ensure “one number and one source”; based on the distributed trust management system, realize secure data sharing and controllable traceability.

現代國語：

築牢制勝智慧化戰場的數據基礎

——淺析未來戰爭軍事數據治理

■白曉穎 李曉松

引言

軍事數據是推動軍隊建設品質變革、效率變革、動力變革的重要引擎。隨著技術發展，數據產生和利用的方式不斷嬗變，對軍事數據的概念、方法等都提出新的挑戰。打贏未來資訊化智慧化戰爭，需要建立新的軍事數據治理生態，著力加強數據整合和數據賦能，提升數據全生命週期管理能力、場景化分析和智慧化應用的支撐能力、安全可控的監管能力。

認清軍事數據治理的客觀必需

數據作為基礎性資源，正加速融入軍隊作戰運用、軍事訓練、戰略管理、裝備建設和後勤保障等各環節。軍事數據治理活動以數據品質為基礎，以釋放數據價值為目標，以數據安全為保障，在軍隊資訊化智慧化建設中越來越重要。

提升數據品質的客觀要求。無論是軍隊建設管理，還是軍事作戰指揮，都需要處理和分析來自不同渠道、不同時空、不同領域的大量類型多樣、標準不一、關聯復雜的數據。軍隊建設不同階段累積的大量數據往往存在體係不完整、內容不准確、更新不及時、多種來源數據未有效對齊等問題，容易導致決策依據不充分，甚至誤導決策。提高軍事數據的可用性、完整性、正確性、一致性、時效性等可信屬性，支援基於高品質數據的軍事建模和分析，才能為實現基於數據的科學決策提供支撐。

釋放數據價值的現實需求。傳統的軍隊資訊系統多用於支撐單一部門或單一業務需求，數據伴隨著業務系統創建、存儲，不同系統之間數據難以兼容和有效關聯，不同部門之間未建立基於數據流轉的業務協同流程。隨著系統不斷迭代，大量高價值的數據無法再利用，可能成為「一潭死水」；而業務發展又需要不同時期的大量歷史數據資源，重復建設勢必造成人力、財力和時間的大量浪費。數據治理透過建立數據標準、優化業務流程、完善管理機制，推動數據跨層級、跨領域、跨系統、跨部門、跨業務流通，不斷提升數據全面感知、深度認知的能力，最大限度地釋放數據價值。

確保數據安全的必要舉措。軍事數據的高敏感性決定了治理的高安全性要求。由於存在數據洩露、數據破壞、數據濫用等威脅，數據的所有者和用戶對共享數據往往存在各種顧忌，導致數據不可見、不可用、不敢用等諸多問題。資料安全治理貫穿資料產生、流轉、應用、演化、銷毀的全生命週期，滿足資料確權授權、共享流通、審計溯源等可信任要求，建構了安全保障的管理與技術體系。

正視軍事數據治理的作用價值

軍事數據治理能有效提升數據品質，保障數據安全，促進數據共享，為輔助軍隊建設管理決策、提升軍事研究創新效益發揮賦能作用。

賦能未來作戰運用。未來戰爭，作戰優勢高度依賴數據優勢。瞬息萬變的戰場環境，需要即時匯聚陸、海、空、天、電、網等作戰域的數據，從而獲得決策優勢。在開放、協同、動態、演化的數據生態系統中，高品質數據治理能有效保證數據全生命週期品質與安全。建構現代化的數據引接和共享架構，能夠橫向引接涵蓋聯合作戰各種力量數據，縱向匯聚覆蓋指揮控制、戰場環境、戰備情報等數據，形成支撐多域作戰的數據池，為多域作戰提供實時、多源數據保障。數據治理針對大量匯聚的原始數據，高效去粗取精、去偽存真，萃取高價值信息，使指揮員能夠在未來作戰中實時掌握精確、動態的戰場態勢，並以此為依據準確判斷敵情我情，科學決策部署，精確控製作戰行動，確保多域作戰活動的精確有效率。指揮員根據戰場態勢變化，依據不同類型授權，靈活柔性、快速動態獲取和調用滿足作戰應用的數據，為多域作戰提供更有力的數據支撐和更優質的服務供給。

支撐軍事治理現代化。智能化時代，透過軍事治理要素的數位化採集、標準化處理、網絡化連接，將物理世界高度數據化，以數字形態映射重塑物理世界，實現物理域、資訊域等全領域貫通。藉由資料治理，可以系統化建構跨軍地、跨領域、跨系統的一體化軍事治理資訊網絡平台，有效整合領導、協調、引導、互動等多種治理路徑，驅動碎片化管理向整體性治理轉變。軍事數據治理工作與軍隊戰略管理、裝備建設、訓練保障、軍事科研等業務工作的深度結合，可為規劃計劃、資源調配和管理評估等提供高質量數據，促進軍事治理體系的提質增效。透過數據治理，可以實現數據跨系統、跨部門的有效整合和深度融合，能有效突破傳統管理體系的時間、空間、領域限制，並提升現代軍事治理能力。

助推軍事智能化發展。現代戰爭，作戰雙方力圖採取各種手段獲取、分析和運用戰場數據，數據已成為基於資訊系統的作戰體系整體運行的基本支撐。在資訊化智慧化條件下作戰，作戰體系基於數據運行，作戰決策基於數據產生，作戰行動基於數據牽引，擁有數據優勢是體系聚優制勝的前提。特別是近年來隨著ChatGPT、Sora等通用人工智慧的迅猛發展以及在軍事領域展現出來的巨大效用，相關技術需要高品質的數據來「餵養」。數據品質往往直接決定了智慧演算法模型的「智慧」程度，甚至影響軍事智慧化建設的程度。加強軍事數據治理，可以高效發現、敏捷關聯相關信息，提取並融合多域知識，在動態演化的過程中保持信息的完整性、一致性、鮮活性，為人工智能訓練提供高可信、高可靠、高價值的數據供給，確保其不被“誤導”，增強其可靠性和可解釋性，進而提升人工智能服務復雜戰場態勢感知、精準研判決策的能力。

探索軍事數據治理的實現路徑

數據治理以數據為對象，需理順各方參與者在數據流通各環節的權責關系，形成多方參與者良性互動、共建共享共治的數據流通模式，最大限度地釋放價值。建構軍事資料治理體系，需從資源體系、制度體系、技術體係等方面著手。

構建資源體系。軍事數據業務場景多樣、狀態結構多維、密級分類復雜，為了數據“看得見”“用得好”，數據資源建設需從供給側出發，甄別虛假信息，高效發現、敏捷關聯相關信息，提取並融合多域知識，在動態演化過程中保持資料完整性，形成高品質資料池。可依據不同維度，建構分級分類的軍事資料資源體系，形成統一標識、多維標註、合規安全、層次分明、結構合理的資料空間。依照資料資源分級分類要求，有效控制資料使用權限，避免資料使用管理混亂，實現基於統一資料資源架構的資料可發現、可取得、可理解、可信賴和可互通。

完善製度體系。在經濟社會領域，數據治理框架定義了行使數據相關事務決策權和職責分工的共識，即誰能根據什麼信息，在什麼時間和情況下，用什麼方法，採取什麼行動。軍事數據治理需要結合軍事領域特點、軍事活動流程和應用場景，明確數據在不同的管理機構、安全管轄區域、物理網絡之間跨域流轉的法律法規，明確不同行為主體提供和使用數據的權限、職責與協作模式，建立覆蓋資料收集、整合共享、服務應用、安全管理等活動的規章制度，促進資料建設走向規範化、科學化、制度化，依規、依標、依權限、依場景，採集、處理和應用數據，確保各利益相關者工作協調一致。

升級技術體系。面向未來戰爭，需構築與數據價值釋放更適應、更有效率的安全技術體系，並通過技術手段確保治理制度貫徹執行、落實生效。基於可操作的資料基礎、元資料、資料交換等標準規範，建構資料擷取存取、組織管理、共享交換、安全運控等技術與工具，支援資料的全生命週期管理。透過存取控制、內容保護、操作授權、溯源循證、監管審計等技術手段，確保資料共享與應用滿足合理、合法、合規要求。例如，基於數字對象體系，實現數據「身份證式」管理，確保「一數一源」；基於分散式信任管理體系，實現數據安全共享和可控追溯。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/jmsd/16339063.html

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Comprehensive Review of Chinese Military Intelligent Warfare: Intelligent Combat Command

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中國軍事智慧戰爭全面回顧：智慧作戰指揮

現代英語：

Liu Kui, Qin Fangfei

Tips

● Modern artificial intelligence is essentially like a “brain in a vat”. If it is allowed to carry out combat command, it will always face the problem of subjectivity loss, that is, “self” loss. This makes artificial intelligence have natural and fundamental defects. It must be based on human subjectivity and improve the effectiveness and level of combat command through human-machine hybrid.

● In intelligent combat command, the commander is mainly responsible for planning what to do and how to do it, while the intelligent model is responsible for planning how to do it specifically.

“Brain in a vat” is a famous scientific hypothesis. It means that if a person’s brain is taken out and placed in a nutrient solution, the nerve endings are connected to a computer, and the computer simulates various sensory signals. At this time, can the “brain in a vat” realize that “I am a brain in a vat”? The answer is no, because as a closed system, when a person lacks real interactive experience with the outside world, he cannot jump out of himself, observe himself from outside himself, and form self-awareness. Modern artificial intelligence is essentially like a “brain in a vat”. If it is allowed to implement combat command, it will always face the problem of subject loss, that is, “self” loss. This makes artificial intelligence have natural and fundamental defects, and it must be based on human subjectivity and improve the effectiveness and level of combat command through human-machine hybrid.

Based on “free choice”, build a “man-planned” command model

On the battlefield, the commander can choose which target to attack, and can choose to attack from the front, from the flank, from the back, or from the air; he can isolate but not attack, surround but not attack, talk but not attack… This is human autonomy, and he can freely choose what to do and how to do it. But machines can’t do that. The combat plans they give can only be the plans implied in the intelligent model. As far as the specific plan given each time is concerned, it is also the most likely plan in the sense of probability statistics. This makes the plans generated by artificial intelligence tend to be “templated”, which is equivalent to a “replica machine”. It gives similar answers to the same questions and similar combat plans for the same combat scenarios.

Compared with artificial intelligence, different commanders design completely different combat plans for the same combat scenario; the same commander designs different combat plans when facing similar combat scenarios at different times. “Attack when the enemy is unprepared and take them by surprise”, the most effective plan may seem to be the most dangerous and impossible plan. For commanders, facing combat scenarios, there are infinite possibilities in an instant, while for artificial intelligence, there is only the best-looking certainty in an instant, lacking creativity and strategy, and it is easy for the opponent to predict it. Therefore, in intelligent combat command, based on human autonomy, the commander is responsible for planning and calculation, innovating tactics and tactics, and designing basic strategies, and the machine is responsible for converting basic strategies into executable and operational combat plans, forming a “man-planned” command mode. More importantly, autonomy is the unique mark of human existence as human being. This power of free decision-making cannot and is not allowed to be transferred to machines, making people become vassals of machines.

Based on “self-criticism”, build a command model of “people against machine”

Human growth and progress are usually based on the real self, focus on the ideal self, and criticize the historical self in a negation-negation style. Artificial intelligence has no “self” and has lost its self-critical ability. This makes it only able to solve problems within the original cognitive framework. The combat ideas, combat principles, and tactics of the model are given when the training is completed. If you want to update and improve your knowledge and ideas, you must continuously train the model from the outside. Mapped to a specific combat scenario, the intelligent model can only provide the commander with a pre-given problem solution. It is impossible to dynamically adjust and update it continuously during a battle.

People with a self-critical spirit can jump out of the command decision-making thinking process and review, evaluate, and criticize the command decision. In the continuous self-criticism, the combat plan is constantly adjusted, and even the original plan is overturned to form a new plan. In the command organization group, other commanders may also express different opinions on the combat plan. The commander adjusts and improves the original plan on the basis of fully absorbing these opinions, and realizes the dynamic evolution of the combat plan. Therefore, combat command is essentially a dynamic process of continuous forward exploration, not a static process given in advance by the combat plan. When the machine generates a combat plan, the commander cannot accept it blindly without thinking, but should act as an “opponent” or “fault finder”, reflect on and criticize the combat plan, and raise objections. Based on the human’s objections, the machine assists the commander to continuously adjust and optimize the combat plan, forming a command mode of “human opposing and machine correcting”.

Based on “self-awareness and initiative”, we build a command model of “people lead and machines follow”

Comrade Mao Zedong once said that what we call “conscious initiative” is the characteristic that distinguishes humans from objects. Any complex practical activity to transform the world starts with a rough and abstract idea. To transform abstract concepts into concrete actions, it is necessary to overcome various risks and challenges, give full play to conscious initiative, and take the initiative to set goals, make suggestions, and think of ways. Artificial intelligence without conscious initiative, when people ask it questions, it only gives the answers implied in the model, without caring whether the answer can be used, targeted, or practical. In other words, when an abstract and empty question is raised, it gives an abstract and empty answer. This is also why the current popular large model unified operation mode is “people ask questions and machines answer”, rather than “machines ask questions”.

Relying on conscious initiative, even the most abstract and empty problems can be transformed step by step into specific action plans and specific action practices. Therefore, in intelligent combat command, the commander is mainly responsible for planning what to do and what ideas to follow, while the intelligent model is responsible for planning how to do it specifically. If the combat mission is too abstract and general, the commander should first break down the problem into details, and then the intelligent model should solve the detailed problem. Under the guidance of the commander, the problem is gradually solved in stages and fields, and the combat goal is finally achieved, forming a command mode of “people lead and machines follow”. It’s like writing a paper. First you make an outline and then you start writing. People are responsible for making the outline, and the specific writing is done by the machine. If the first-level outline is not specific enough, people can break it down into a second-level or even a third-level outline.

Based on “self-responsibility”, build a command model of “human decision-making and machine calculation”

Modern advanced ship-borne air defense and anti-missile systems usually have four operational modes: manual, semi-automatic, standard automatic, and special automatic. Once the special automatic mode is activated, the system will no longer require human authorization to launch missiles. However, this mode is rarely activated in actual combat or training. The reason is that humans, as the responsible subject, must be responsible for all their actions, while the behavior of machines is the absence of the responsible subject. When it comes to holding people accountable for major mistakes, machines cannot be held accountable. Therefore, life-and-death matters must not be decided by a machine without autonomous responsibility. Moreover, modern artificial intelligence is a “black box”. The intelligent behavior it exhibits is inexplicable, and the reasons for right and wrong are unknown, making it impossible for people to easily hand over important decision-making power to machines.

Because AI lacks “autonomous responsibility”, all problems in its eyes are “domesticated problems”, that is, the consequences of such problems have nothing to do with the respondent, and the success or failure of the problem solving is irrelevant to the respondent. Corresponding to this are “wild problems”, that is, the consequences of such problems are closely related to the respondent, and the respondent must be involved. Therefore, in the eyes of AI without self, there are no “wild problems”, all are “domesticated problems”, and it stays out of any problem. Therefore, in intelligent combat command, machines cannot replace commanders in making judgments and decisions. It can provide commanders with key knowledge, identify battlefield targets, organize battlefield intelligence, analyze battlefield conditions, predict battlefield situations, and even form combat plans, formulate combat plans, and draft combat orders. However, the plans, plans, and orders it gives can only be used as drafts and references. As for whether to adopt them and to what extent, it is up to the commander to decide. In short, both parties make decisions together, with artificial intelligence responsible for prediction and humans responsible for judgment, forming a command mode of “human decision-making and machine calculation”.

現代國語：

從「缸中之腦」看智慧化作戰指揮

■劉 奎 秦芳菲

要點提示

●現代人工智慧，本質上就如同“缸中之腦”，如果讓它實施作戰指揮，始終會面臨主體缺失即“自我”缺失的問題。這使得人工智慧存在天然的、根本的缺陷，必須基於人的主體性，透過人機混合來提升作戰指揮效能和水平

●智能化作戰指揮中，指揮員主要負責規劃做什麼、依什麼思路做，智能模型則負責規劃具體怎麼做

「缸中之腦」是一項著名科學假設。意思是，假如人的大腦被取出放在營養液中，神經末梢接上計算機，由計算機模擬出各種感知信號。這時候，「缸中之腦」能不能意識到「我是缸中之腦」？答案是不能，因為人作為一個封閉的系統，當與外界缺乏真實的互動體驗時，人是無法跳出自身、從自身之外觀察自身並形成自我意識的。而現代人工智慧，本質上就如同“缸中之腦”，如果讓它實施作戰指揮，始終會面臨主體缺失即“自我”缺失的問題。這使得人工智慧存在天然的、根本的缺陷，必須基於人的主體性，透過人機混合來提升作戰指揮效能和水準。

基於“自由選擇”，建構“人謀機劃”的指揮模式

戰場上，指揮員可以選擇打哪一個目標，可以選擇從正面打、從翼側打、從背後打、從空中打；可以隔而不打、圍而不打、談而不打……這就是人的自主性，可以自由選擇做什麼、怎麼做。但機器不行，它給出的作戰方案，只能是智慧模型中蘊含的方案。就每次給出的特定方案而言，也是機率統計意義上可能性最大的方案。這使得人工智慧生成的方案呈現“模板化”傾向，相當於一個“復刻機”，同樣的問題，它給出的是相似的回答，同樣的作戰場景，它給出的就是相似的作戰方案。

與人工智慧相比，同樣的作戰場景，不同的指揮員設計的作戰方案完全不同；同一指揮員在不同的時間面對相似的作戰場景，設計的作戰方案也不相同。 “攻其無備，出其不意”，最有效的方案很可能看上去是最危險、最不可能的方案。對於指揮員，面對作戰場景，一瞬間有無限可能，而對於人工智慧，一瞬間卻只有看上去最好的確定，缺乏創意、缺少謀略，很容易為對方所預料。所以，在智慧化作戰指揮中，要基於人的自主性，由指揮員負責籌謀算計、創新戰法打法、設計基本策略，由機器負責將基本策略轉化為可執行可操作的作戰方案，形成「人謀機劃」的指揮模式。更重要的是，自主性是人作為人而存在的獨特標志，這種自由作決定的權力不可能也不允許讓渡給機器，使人淪為機器的附庸。

基於“自我批判”，建構“人反機正”的指揮模式

人類的成長進步，通常是立足現實自我，著眼理想自我，對歷史自我進行否定之否定式的批判。人工智慧沒有“自我”，同時也喪失了自我批判能力。這使得它只能停留在原有認知框架內解決問題，模型擁有的作戰思想、作戰原則、戰法打法，是在訓練完成時所給予的。如果想獲得知識和想法的更新提升，就必須從外部對模型進行持續訓練。映射到特定作戰場景，智慧模型給指揮員提供的只能是事先給定的問題解決方案，要想在一次作戰中不斷地動態調整更新是做不到的。

具有自我批判精神的人類，可以跳脫指揮決策思考過程，對指揮決策進行審視、評價、批判。在持續地自我批判中不斷對作戰方案進行調整，甚至推翻原有方案，形成新的方案。在指揮機構群體中，其他指揮人員也可能對作戰方案提出不同意見，指揮員在充分吸納這些意見的基礎上，調整改進原有方案，實現作戰方案的動態進化。所以，作戰指揮本質上是一個不斷向前探索的動態過程，不是作戰方案事先給定的靜態過程。當機器生成作戰方案時，指揮員不能不加思考地盲目接受，而應充當“反對者”“找茬人”，對作戰方案展開反思批判，提出反對意見，機器根據人的反對意見，輔助指揮員不斷調整、優化作戰方案，形成「人反機正」的指揮模式。

基於“自覺能動”，建立“人引機隨”的指揮模式

毛澤東同志說過，我們名之曰“自覺的能動性”，是人之所以區別於物的特點。任何一項改造世界的複雜實踐活動，都是從粗糙的、抽象的想法開始的，要將抽象觀念轉化為具體行動，需要克服各種風險和挑戰，充分發揮自覺能動性，主動定目標、出主意、想辦法。沒有自覺能動性的人工智慧，人們向它提出問題，它給出的只是模型中蘊含的答案，而不會管這個答案能不能用、有沒有針對性、可不可以實際操作，即提出抽象、空洞的問題，它給出的就是抽象、空洞的回答。這也是為什麼時下流行的大模型統一的運行模式是“人問機答”，而不是“機器提出問題”。

依賴自覺能動性，再抽象、空洞的問題都能由人一步一步轉化為具體的行動方案、具體的行動實踐。因此，在智慧化作戰指揮中，指揮員主要負責規劃做什麼、依什麼思路做，智慧模型則負責規劃具體怎麼做。若作戰任務太過抽象籠統，應先由指揮員對問題進行分解細化，再由智慧模型對細化後的問題進行解算。在指揮引導下，分階段、分領域逐步解決問題，最終達成作戰目標，形成「人引機隨」的指揮模式。這就像寫一篇論文，先列出提綱，再進行寫作，列提綱由人負責，具體寫作由機器完成，如果感覺一級綱目不夠具體，可由人細化為二級乃至三級綱目。

基於“自主負責”，建立“人斷機算”的指揮模式

現代先進的艦載防空反導系統，通常有手動、半自動、標準自動、特殊自動四種作戰模式，一旦啟用特殊自動模式，系統發射導彈將不再需要人的授權幹預。但該模式無論在實戰還是在訓練中都很少啟用。究其原因，人作為責任主體要對自己的所有行為負責，而機器行為背後卻是責任主體的缺失，當要為重大失誤追責時，機器是無法負責的。所以，生死攸關的大事決不能讓一個沒有自主責任的機器決定。況且，現代人工智慧是一個“黑箱”，它所展現的智能行為具有不可解釋性，對與錯的原因無從知曉，讓人無法輕易將重大決定權完全交給機器。

由於人工智慧缺乏“自主責任”，會使它眼中的問題全是“馴化問題”，也就是該類問題產生的後果與回答者沒有關系，問題解決的成功也罷、失敗也罷，對回答者來說無所謂。與之相應的是“野生問題”，也就是該類問題產生的後果與回答者息息相關，回答者必須置身其中。所以，在缺失自我的人工智慧眼中沒有“野生問題”，都是“馴化問題”，它對任何問題都置身事外。因此，在智慧化作戰指揮中，機器不能取代指揮員做出判斷和決策。它可以為指揮員提供關鍵知識、識別戰場目標、整編戰場情報、分析戰場情況、預測戰場態勢，甚至可以形成作戰方案、制定作戰計劃、擬製作戰命令，但它給出的方案計劃命令，只能作為草稿和參考，至於採不採用、在多大程度上採用，還得指揮員說了算。簡單來說，就是雙方共同做出決策，人工智慧負責預測，人負責判斷，形成「人斷機算」的指揮模式。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/yw_208727/16361814.html

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Chinese Weaponization of Digitalization, Networking, Intelligence, Grasping the Focus New Chinese Generation of Information Technology

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數位化、網路化、智慧化的中國武器化，抓住中國新一代資訊科技的焦點

現代英語：

Digitalization, networking, and intelligence are the prominent features of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, and are also the core of the new generation of information technology. Digitalization lays the foundation for social informatization, and its development trend is the comprehensive dataization of society. Dataization emphasizes the collection, aggregation, analysis and application of data. Networking provides a physical carrier for information dissemination, and its development trend is the widespread adoption of information-physical systems (CPS). Information-physical systems will not only give birth to new industries, but will even reshape the existing industrial layout. Intelligence reflects the level and level of information application, and its development trend is the new generation of artificial intelligence. At present, the upsurge of the new generation of artificial intelligence has arrived.

　　In his important speech at the 2018 General Assembly of Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out: “The world is entering a period of economic development dominated by the information industry. We must seize the opportunity of the integrated development of digitalization, networking, and intelligence, and use informatization and intelligence as leverage to cultivate new momentum.” This important statement is an accurate grasp of the dominant role and development trend of information technology in today’s world, and an important deployment for using information technology to promote national innovation and development.

　　Human society, the physical world, and information space constitute the three elements of today’s world. The connection and interaction between these three worlds determine the characteristics and degree of social informatization. The basic way to perceive human society and the physical world is digitization, the basic way to connect human society and the physical world (through information space) is networking, and the way information space acts on the physical world and human society is intelligence. Digitalization, networking, and intelligence are the prominent features of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, and are also the focus of the new generation of information technology. Digitalization lays the foundation for social informatization, and its development trend is the comprehensive dataization of society; networking provides a physical carrier for information dissemination, and its development trend is the widespread adoption of information-physical systems (CPS); intelligence reflects the level and level of information application, and its development trend is the new generation of artificial intelligence.

　　Digitalization: From computerization to dataization

　　Digitalization refers to the technical approach of storing, transmitting, processing, handling and applying information carriers (text, pictures, images, signals, etc.) in digital coding form (usually binary). Digitalization itself refers to the way of representing and processing information, but in essence it emphasizes the computerization and automation of information application. In addition to digitalization, dataization (data is an information carrier in coded form, and all data is digital) emphasizes the collection, aggregation, analysis and application of data, and strengthens the production factors and productivity functions of data. Digitalization is developing from computerization to dataization, which is one of the most important trends in the current social informatization.

　　The core connotation of dataization is the deep understanding and deep use of big data generated by the integration of information technology revolution and economic and social activities. Big data is a fragmentary record of social economy, real world, management decision-making, etc., containing fragmented information. With the breakthrough of analytical technology and computing technology, it is possible to interpret this fragmented information, which makes big data a new high-tech, a new scientific research paradigm, and a new way of decision-making. Big data has profoundly changed the way people think and live and work, bringing unprecedented opportunities to management innovation, industrial development, scientific discovery and other fields.

　　The value generation of big data has its inherent laws (obeying the big data principle). Only by deeply understanding and mastering these laws can we improve the awareness and ability to consciously and scientifically use big data (big data thinking). The value of big data is mainly realized through big data technology. Big data technology is an extension and development of statistical methods, computer technology, and artificial intelligence technology. It is a developing technology. The current hot directions include: blockchain technology, interoperability technology, storage and management technology of integrated storage and computing, big data operating system, big data programming language and execution environment, big data foundation and core algorithm, big data machine learning technology, big data intelligent technology, visualization and human-computer interaction analysis technology, authenticity judgment and security technology, etc. The development of big data technology depends on the solution of some major basic problems, including: the statistical basis and computational theoretical basis of big data, the hardware and software basis and computational methods of big data computing, and the authenticity judgment of big data inference.

　　Implementing the national big data strategy is an important way to promote the digital revolution. Since my country proposed the implementation of the national big data strategy in 2015, the pattern of rapid development of big data in my country has been initially formed, but there are also some problems that need to be solved: data openness and sharing are lagging, and the dividends of data resources have not been fully released; the profit model of enterprises is unstable, and the integrity of the industrial chain is insufficient; core technologies have not yet made major breakthroughs, and the technical level of related applications is not high; there are still loopholes in security management and privacy protection, and the construction of relevant systems is still not perfect; etc. At present, effective measures should be taken to solve the bottleneck problems that restrict the development of big data in my country.

　　Networking: From the Internet to Cyber-Physical Systems

　　As an information-based public infrastructure, the Internet has become the main way for people to obtain, exchange and consume information. However, the Internet only focuses on the interconnection between people and the resulting interconnection between services.

　　The Internet of Things is a natural extension and expansion of the Internet. It connects various objects to the Internet through information technology, helping people obtain relevant information about the objects they need. The Internet of Things uses information collection equipment such as radio frequency identification, sensors, infrared sensors, video surveillance, global positioning systems, laser scanners, etc., and connects objects to the Internet through wireless sensor networks and wireless communication networks, so as to achieve real-time information exchange and communication between objects and between people and objects, so as to achieve the purpose of intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management. The Internet realizes the interconnection between people and services, while the Internet of Things realizes the cross-connection between people, objects and services. The core technologies of the Internet of Things include: sensor technology, wireless transmission technology, massive data analysis and processing technology, upper-level business solutions, security technology, etc. The development of the Internet of Things will go through a relatively long period, but it may take the lead in achieving breakthroughs in applications in specific fields. Internet of Vehicles, Industrial Internet, unmanned systems, smart homes, etc. are all areas where the Internet of Things is currently showing its prowess.

　　The Internet of Things mainly solves the problem of people’s perception of the physical world, while to solve the problem of manipulating physical objects, it is necessary to further develop the cyber-physical system (CPS). The cyber-physical system is a multi-dimensional complex system that integrates computing, networking and physical environment. It realizes real-time perception, dynamic control and information services of large engineering systems through the organic integration and deep collaboration of 3C (Computer, Communication, Control) technologies. Through the human-computer interaction interface, the cyber-physical system realizes the interaction between the computing process and the physical process, and uses the networked space to control a physical entity in a remote, reliable, real-time, secure and collaborative manner. In essence, the cyber-physical system is a network with control attributes.

　　Unlike public infrastructure that provides information interaction and application, the focus of the development of cyber-physical systems is on the research and development of networked physical equipment systems that deeply integrate perception, computing, communication and control capabilities. From an industrial perspective, cyber-physical systems cover a range of applications from smart home networks to industrial control systems and even intelligent transportation systems, which are national and even world-class applications. More importantly, this coverage is not just about simply connecting existing devices together, but will give rise to a large number of devices with computing, communication, control, collaboration and autonomous capabilities. The next generation of industry will be built on cyber-physical systems. With the development and popularization of cyber-physical system technology, physical devices that use computers and networks to achieve functional expansion will be ubiquitous, and will promote the upgrading of industrial products and technologies, greatly improving the competitiveness of major industrial fields such as automobiles, aerospace, national defense, industrial automation, health and medical equipment, and major infrastructure. Cyber-physical systems will not only give birth to new industries, but will even reshape the existing industrial layout.

　　Intelligence: From Expert Systems to Meta-Learning

　　Intelligence reflects the quality attributes of information products. When we say that an information product is intelligent, we usually mean that the product can accomplish things that only intelligent people can accomplish, or has reached a level that only humans can achieve. Intelligence generally includes perception, memory and thinking, learning and adaptive, behavioral decision-making, etc. Therefore, intelligence can also be generally defined as: enabling an object to have sensitive and accurate perception functions, correct thinking and judgment functions, adaptive learning functions, and effective execution functions.

　　Intelligence is the eternal pursuit of the development of information technology, and the main way to achieve this pursuit is to develop artificial intelligence technology. In the more than 60 years since the birth of artificial intelligence technology, although it has experienced three ups and two downs, it has still made great achievements. From 1959 to 1976, it was a stage based on artificial representation of knowledge and symbol processing, which produced expert systems with important application value in some fields; from 1976 to 2007, it was a stage based on statistical learning and knowledge self-representation, which produced various neural network systems; in recent years, research based on environmental adaptation, self-game, self-evolution, and self-learning is forming a new stage of artificial intelligence development – meta-learning or methodological learning stage, which constitutes a new generation of artificial intelligence. The new generation of artificial intelligence mainly includes big data intelligence, group intelligence, cross-media intelligence, human-machine hybrid enhanced intelligence, and brain-like intelligence.

　　Deep learning is an outstanding representative of the new generation of artificial intelligence technology. Due to its performance that surpasses that of humans in many fields such as face recognition, machine translation, and chess competitions, deep learning has almost become synonymous with artificial intelligence today. However, deep learning has major challenges in terms of topological design, effect prediction, and mechanism explanation. There is no solid mathematical theory to support the solution of these three major problems. Solving these problems is the main focus of future research on deep learning. In addition, deep learning is a typical big data intelligence, and its applicability is based on the existence of a large number of training samples. Small sample learning will be the development trend of deep learning.

　　Meta-learning is expected to become the next breakthrough in the development of artificial intelligence. Recently developed meta-learning methods such as learning to learn, learning to teach, learning to optimize, learning to search, and learning to reason, as well as the outstanding performance of “AlphaGo Zero” in Go, have demonstrated the attractive prospects of such new technologies. However, meta-learning research is only just beginning, and its development still faces a series of challenges.

　　The new generation of artificial intelligence is already here, and the foreseeable development trend is based on big data, centered on model and algorithm innovation, and supported by powerful computing power. The breakthrough of the new generation of artificial intelligence technology depends on the comprehensive development of other types of information technology, as well as the substantial progress and development of brain science and cognitive science. (Xu Zongben, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and professor of Xi’an Jiaotong University)

現代國語：

數位化、網路化、智慧化是新一輪科技革命的突出特徵，也是新一代資訊科技的核心。數位化為社會資訊化奠定基礎，其發展趨勢是社會的全面數據化。資料化強調對資料的收集、聚合、分析與應用。網路化為資訊傳播提供實體載體，其發展趨勢是資訊物理系統（CPS）的廣泛採用。資訊物理系統不僅會催生出新的工業，甚至會重塑現有產業佈局。智慧化體現資訊應用的層次與水平，其發展趨勢為新一代人工智慧。目前，新一代人工智慧的熱潮已經來臨。

習近平同志在2018年兩院院士大會上的重要演講指出：「世界正進入以資訊產業為主導的經濟發展時期。我們要把握數位化、網路化、智慧化融合發展的契機，以資訊化、智慧化為槓桿培育新動能。

人類社會、物理世界、資訊空間構成了當今世界的三元。這三元世界之間的關聯與交互，決定了社會資訊化的特徵與程度。感知人類社會和物理世界的基本方式是數位化，連結人類社會與物理世界（透過資訊空間）的基本方式是網路化，資訊空間作用於物理世界與人類社會的方式是智慧化。數位化、網路化、智慧化是新一輪科技革命的突出特徵，也是新一代資訊科技的聚焦點。數位化為社會資訊化奠定基礎，其發展趨勢是社會的全面資料化；網路化為資訊傳播提供物理載體，其發展趨勢是資訊物理系統（CPS）的廣泛採用；智慧化體現資訊應用的層次與水平，其發展趨勢是新一代人工智慧。

數位化：從電腦化到資料化

數位化是指將資訊載體（文字、圖片、影像、訊號等）以數位編碼形式（通常是二進位）進行儲存、傳輸、加工、處理和應用的技術途徑。數位化本身指的是資訊表示方式與處理方式，但本質上強調的是資訊應用的電腦化和自動化。資料化（資料是以編碼形式存在的資訊載體，所有資料都是數位化的）除包括數位化外，更強調對資料的收集、聚合、分析與應用，強化資料的生產要素與生產力功能。數位化正從電腦化朝向資料化發展，這是當前社會資訊化最重要的趨勢之一。

資料化的核心內涵是對資訊科技革命與經濟社會活動交融生成的大數據的深刻認識與深層利用。大數據是社會經濟、現實世界、管理決策等的片段記錄，蘊含著片段化資訊。隨著分析技術與運算技術的突破，解讀這些片段化資訊成為可能，這使得大數據成為一項新的高新技術、一類新的科學研究範式、一種新的決策方式。大數據深刻改變了人類的思考方式和生產生活方式，為管理創新、產業發展、科學發現等多個領域帶來前所未有的機會。

大數據的價值生成有其內在規律（服從大數據原理）。只有深刻認識並掌握這些規律，才能提高自覺運用、科學運用大數據的意識與能力（大數據思維）。大數據的價值主要透過大數據技術來實現。大數據技術是統計學方法、電腦技術、人工智慧技術的延伸與發展，是正在發展中的技術，目前的熱點方向包括：區塊鏈技術、互通技術、存算一體化儲存與管理技術、大數據作業系統、大數據程式語言與執行環境、大數據基礎與核心演算法、大數據機器學習技術、大數據智慧技術、視覺化與人機互動分析技術、真偽判定與安全技術等。大數據技術的發展依賴一些重大基礎問題的解決，這些重大基礎問題包括：大數據的統計基礎與計算理論基礎、大數據計算的軟硬體基礎與計算方法、大數據推斷的真偽性判定等。

實施國家大數據戰略是推動資料化革命的重要途徑。自2015年我國提出實施國家大數據戰略以來，我國大數據快速發展的格局已初步形成，但也存在一些亟待解決的問題：數據開放共享滯後，數據資源紅利仍未得到充分釋放；企業贏利模式不穩定，產業鏈完整性不足；核心技術尚未取得重大突破，相關應用的技術水準不高；安全管理與隱私保護還存在漏洞，相關制度建設仍不夠完善；等等。目前，應採取有效措施解決制約我國大數據發展的瓶頸問題。

網路化：從網際網路到資訊物理系統

作為資訊化的公共基礎設施，網路已成為人們獲取資訊、交換資訊、消費資訊的主要方式。但是，網路關注的只是人與人之間的互聯互通以及由此帶來的服務與服務的互聯。

物聯網是互聯網的自然延伸和拓展，它透過資訊科技將各種物體與網路相連，幫助人們獲取所需物體的相關資訊。物聯網透過使用射頻識別、感測器、紅外線感應器、視訊監控、全球定位系統、雷射掃描器等資訊擷取設備，透過無線感測網路、無線通訊網路把物體與網路連接起來，實現物與物、人與物之間的即時資訊交換和通信，以達到智慧化識別、定位、追蹤、監控和管理的目的。互聯網實現了人與人、服務與服務之間的互聯， 而物聯網實現了人、物、服務之間的交叉互聯。物聯網的核心技術包括：感測器技術、無線傳輸技術、大量資料分析處理技術、上層業務解決方案、安全技術等。物聯網的發展將經歷相對漫長的時期，但可能會在特定領域的應用中率先取得突破，車聯網、工業互聯網、無人系統、智慧家庭等都是當前物聯網大顯身手的領域。

物聯網主要解決人對物理世界的感知問題，而要解決對物理對象的操控問題則必須進一步發展資訊物理系統（CPS）。資訊物理系統是一個綜合運算、網路和物理環境的多維複雜系統，它透過3C（Computer、Communication、Control）技術的有機融合與深度協作，實現對大型工程系統的即時感知、動態控制和資訊服務。透過人機交互接口，資訊物理系統實現計算進程與實體進程的交互，利用網路化空間以遠端、可靠、即時、安全、協作的方式操控一個實體實體。從本質上來說，資訊物理系統是一個具有控制屬性的網路。

不同於提供資訊互動與應用的公用基礎設施，資訊物理系統發展的聚焦點在於研發深度融合感知、運算、通訊與控制能力的網路化實體設備系統。從產業角度來看，資訊物理系統的涵蓋範圍小到智慧家庭網路、大到工業控制系統乃至智慧交通系統等國家級甚至世界級的應用。更重要的是，這種涵蓋並不僅僅是將現有的設備簡單地連在一起，而是會催生出眾多具有計算、通訊、控制、協同和自治性能的設備，下一代工業將建立在在資訊物理系統之上。隨著資訊物理系統技術的發展和普及，使用電腦和網路實現功能擴展的實體設備將無所不在，並推動工業產品和技術的升級換代，大大提高汽車、航空航太、國防、工業自動化、健康醫療設備、重大基礎設施等主要工業領域的競爭力。資訊物理系統不僅會催生出新的工業，甚至會重塑現有產業佈局。

智能化：從專家系統到元學習

智能化反映資訊產品的品質屬性。我們說一個資訊產品是智慧的，通常是指這個產品能完成有智慧的人才能完成的事情，或是已經達到人類才能達到的程度。智能一般包括知覺能力、記憶與思考能力、學習與適應力、行為決策能力等。所以，智能化通常也可定義為：使對象具備靈敏準確的感知功能、正確的思考與判斷功能、自適應的學習功能、行之有效的執行功能等。

智能化是資訊科技發展的永恆追求，實現這項追求的主要途徑是發展人工智慧技術。人工智慧技術誕生60多年來，雖歷經三起兩落，但還是取得了巨大成就。 1959—1976年是基於人工表示知識和符號處理的階段，產生了在一些領域具有重要應用價值的專家系統；1976—2007年是基於統計學習和知識自表示的階段，產生了各種各樣的神經網路系統；近幾年開始的基於環境自適應、自博弈、自進化、自學習的研究，正在形成一個人工智慧發展的新階段——元學習或方法論學習階段，這構成新一代人工智慧。新一代人工智慧主要包括大數據智慧、群體智慧、跨媒體智慧、人機混合增強智慧和類腦智慧等。

深度學習是新一代人工智慧技術的卓越代表。由於在人臉辨識、機器翻譯、棋類競賽等眾多領域超越人類的表現，深度學習在今天幾乎已成為人工智慧的代名詞。然而，深度學習拓樸設計難、效果預期難、機理解釋難是重大挑戰，還沒有一套堅實的數學理論來支持解決這三大難題。解決這些難題是深度學習未來研究的主要關注點。此外，深度學習是典型的大數據智能，它的可應用性是以存在大量訓練樣本為基礎的。小樣本學習將是深度學習的發展趨勢。

元學習有望成為人工智慧發展的下一個突破口。學會學習、學會教學、學會優化、學會搜尋、學會推理等新近發展的元學習方法以及「AlphaGo Zero」在圍棋方面的出色表現，展現了這類新技術的誘人前景。然而，元學習研究僅是開始，其發展還面臨一系列挑戰。

新一代人工智慧的熱潮已經來臨，可以預見的發展趨勢是以大數據為基礎、以模型與演算法創新為核心、以強大的運算能力為支撐。新一代人工智慧技術的突破依賴其他各類資訊技術的綜合發展，也依賴腦科學與認知科學的實質進步與發展。 （中國科學院院士、西安交通大學教授 徐宗本）

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.cac.gov.cn/2019-03/01/c_1124178478.htm

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Talent Base, Research Content & Innovative Methods Enhanc Modernization of China’s Military Theory Under Empowerment of Science and Technology

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人才基礎、研究內容與創新方法提昇科技賦能下的中國軍事理論現代化

現代英語：

Empowering military theory modernization with technology

■Chen Jihao and Liu Yangyue

At present, with the accelerated evolution of a new round of military revolution and the rapid development of disruptive military science and technology, the modernization of military theory has increasingly become a modernization that closely combines military theory with military science and technology and promotes the continuous innovation of military theory with the empowerment of science and technology. To accelerate the modernization of military theory, it is necessary to correctly recognize the development relationship between military science and technology and military theory, and explore the talent base, research content and innovation methods of the modernization of military theory under the empowerment of science and technology.

Cultivating innovative military theoretical talents led by science and technology

Talents are the main body of military theory innovation, and building a high-level, complex team of theoretical innovation talents is the key to realizing the modernization of military theory. Modern military theory research presents a situation of mutual intersection and deep integration of natural sciences and social sciences. It is necessary to cultivate a large number of military innovation talents with integrated science and technology, create a collaborative and open theoretical innovation organization model, and provide intellectual support for promoting the modernization of military theory.

First, military theory researchers must have a “scientific and technological mind” to enhance their understanding, application and discernment of science and technology. Military theory researchers must keep abreast of the latest developments in science and technology, use multidisciplinary cross-border thinking to understand the full meaning of science and technology, and tap the huge military potential of cutting-edge science and technology; they must focus on introducing scientific research methods into military theory research, borrow methods such as big data analysis to study military theory, combine qualitative research with quantitative research, and overcome the limitations of the original military theory research that is experience-oriented and lacks precision; at the same time, they must be good at identifying those “pseudo-sciences” that claim to be at the forefront of science and technology, and see through the technological “fog” released by competitors. Second, military science and technology researchers must have theoretical thinking. Military science and technology researchers should overcome the narrow-minded thinking of “technological determinism”, realize that natural sciences and social sciences are intertwined rather than diametrically opposed, and actively use scientific theories to guide military research. At the same time, they should focus on learning and studying advanced military theories, strengthen their understanding of the war situation and winning mechanism, and deepen their understanding of the application value and development trend of military technology. Thirdly, establish and improve the exchange and cooperation mechanism between theoretical talents and scientific and technological talents. Based on comprehensive research topics, experts from various fields can be widely drawn to form interdisciplinary joint research groups, give full play to their respective strengths, and ignite theoretical innovation sparks in constant cross-collisions. Different types of research units can also select personnel for cross-appointments, so as to encourage theoretical and scientific talents to learn from each other and grow together, open up disciplinary and innovation chains, and enhance the overall effectiveness of theoretical innovation.

Focus on science and technology-led military theory research content

Although there are some universal principles in military theory, the specific content will continue to change with the evolution of the times and practice. In today’s world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution is advancing by leaps and bounds. The emergence of a series of high-tech technologies and their extensive application in the military field have triggered profound changes in the mechanisms, elements and methods of winning wars, providing new research objects for military theory research.

First, we need to study powerful enemies. The confrontational nature of war determines that military theory research must keep a close eye on the changes of powerful enemies and compete for the commanding heights of military theory. At present, the world’s major powers are stepping up the development of new operational concepts and tactics in response to cutting-edge technologies. Military theory research must adhere to the principle of “you fight yours, I fight mine”, and use the method of “dissecting sparrows” to clarify the opponent’s operational concepts, methods and capabilities. At the same time, we must keep a close eye on changes in science and technology, strengthen the development of new operational concepts, and achieve a transition from follow-up research to synchronization and then to catching up, so as to form an asymmetric balance of power in military theory. Secondly, we must study intelligent warfare. In today’s world, the development of disruptive cutting-edge technologies has promoted the evolution of war forms towards intelligence, and the temporal and spatial characteristics and offensive and defensive modes of war have undergone profound changes. Military theory research should focus on intelligent warfare, accurately grasp the laws and characteristics of intelligent warfare, actively predict the impact of science and technology on future wars, and realize the transformation from passive adaptation to active design of war. Thirdly, we should study new quality combat power. The development of science and technology has given rise to new quality combat power, changed the combination of people and weapons, and directly contributed to the birth of new quality combat power. For example, in the future battlefield, human-machine integrated joint combat actions will become an important combat mode, and it will be possible for a small number of soldiers to lead a large number of “bee swarms”, “fish swarms” and ” ant swarms” to conduct intelligent cluster combat. Military theory research should focus on new types of combat capabilities, seize opportunities in emerging fields, take the initiative, and proactively explore the generation paths and release patterns of new types of combat capabilities. Advanced theories should be used to guide and drive the construction of new types of combat forces in new domains, providing theoretical support for accelerating the incubation and generation of new types of combat capabilities.

Create a military theory research paradigm supported by science and technology

The intelligent science paradigm is called the “fifth paradigm” of scientific research. It is a cross-domain scientific research paradigm supported by artificial intelligence technology, integrating human values ​​​​and knowledge, and characterized by human-machine integration. Entering the era of intelligence, big data and artificial intelligence are developing rapidly, requiring the “intelligent factor” to be organically integrated into the practice of military theoretical research in an all-round way, opening up the “fifth paradigm” of military theoretical research.

First, explore data-centric research methods. Artificial intelligence technology can comprehensively collect battlefield intelligence data on a large scale, efficiently screen and integrate multi-source data, and realize nonlinear coupling and complex correlation of cross-domain and cross-scenario data. We must give full play to the powerful functions of artificial intelligence technology in multi-dimensional data collection and multi-dimensional data processing, open up the data links between military theories, technologies, equipment and other elements, and realize data-centric cross-domain synergy and efficiency among various research elements, and connect the “underlying channel” of the integration of theory and technology. Secondly, innovate the research model of human-machine collaboration. With the continuous improvement of the intelligence level of machines, the research model of ” human-host-machine-slave” has gradually changed to “human-machine integration.” The global knowledge and associative prediction capabilities of artificial intelligence are helping researchers break through the limitations of traditional thinking, eliminate traditional field divisions, and open up a ” brainstorm” in military theory research. We need to explore innovative models for deep integration of humans and machines, establish a dynamic feedback mechanism for positive-sum games, combine researchers’ nonlinear abstract thinking with the powerful computing power of machines, and achieve knowledge integration and communication, dynamic simulation and deduction, forward-looking analysis and decision-making, providing the greatest wisdom increment for military theory research. Secondly, create a “pre-practice” platform for military theory. Practice is the “touchstone” for testing the results of military theory. Only by constantly moving from practice to theory and then to practice can we achieve a spiral rise in military theory. On the one hand, we can use advanced scientific and technological means such as virtual reality technology and artificial intelligence technology to build a virtual experimental platform, simulate and simulate combat scenarios and combat power generation processes through deduction, analysis, evaluation and other means, and test the practicality and operability of conceptual design in a realistic experimental environment, so as to continuously improve and develop military theory; we can also use generative artificial intelligence to generate “semi-factual” combat scenarios, directly display the combat process and results in a visual way, inspire the thinking of military theorists, and shorten the new theory generation cycle. On the other hand, comprehensive live-fire training activities are used to conduct comprehensive combat experiments under the preset future battlefield environment and combat conditions, which complement virtual experiments and provide more reliable pre-practice quantitative data to verify and develop military theories in an environment closer to actual combat.

現代國語：

以科技賦能軍事理論現代化

■陳紀豪 劉楊鉞

當前，隨著新一輪軍事革命的加速演進和顛覆性軍事科技的高速發展，軍事理論現代化日益成為軍事理論與軍事科技緊密結合、以科技賦能推動軍事理論不斷創新的現代化。加速軍事理論現代化，需要正確認識軍事科技與軍事理論的發展關系，探索科技賦能下軍事理論現代化的人才基礎、研究內容與創新方法。

培養科技引領的軍事理論創新人才

人才是軍事理論創新的主體，建立一支高層次複合型的理論創新人才隊伍是實現軍事理論現代化的關鍵。現代軍事理論研究呈現自然科學與社會科學相互交叉、深度融合的局面，需要培養大量理技融合型軍事創新人才，打造協同開放的理論創新組織模式，為推動軍事理論現代化提供智力支持。

首先，軍事理論研究人員要有“科技頭腦”，增強對科技的理解力、運用力和鑑別力。軍事理論研究人員要及時掌握最新的科技發展動態，利用多學科交叉的跨界思維理解科技中蘊含的全部意義，發掘前沿科技的巨大軍事潛力；要注重將科學研究的方法引入軍事理論研究，借鑑大數據分析等方法來研究軍事理論，將定性研究和定量研究結合起來，克服原有軍事理論研究經驗主導和精確性不足的局限；與此同時，還要善於識破那些打著科技前沿名號的“偽科學”，看清競爭對手釋放的科技“迷霧”。其次，軍事科技研究人員要有理論思維。軍事科技研究人員要克服「技術決定論」的狹隘思維，認識到自然科學和社會科學是相互交織而非截然對立的，主動用科學的理論去指導軍事科研，同時注重對先進軍事理論的學習和研究，加強對戰爭形態和製勝機理的認識，深化對軍事技術應用價值和發展趨勢的理解。再次，建立健全理論人才與科技人才的交流合作機制。可綜合性研究課題為牽引，廣泛抽調各領域專家組成跨學科聯合課題研究組，發揮各自特長，在不斷地交叉碰撞之中點燃理論創新火花。不同類型的研究單位還可以互相選派人員進行交叉任職，促使理論人才和科技人才相互借鑑、共同成長，打通學科鏈、創新鏈，提升理論創新整體效能。

聚焦科技主導的軍事理論研究內容

軍事理論中雖然有著一些古今通用的原理，但具體內容會隨著時代和實踐的演進而不斷變化。當今世界，新一輪科技革命和產業革命突飛猛進，一系列高新技術的出現和在軍事領域的廣泛運用，引發戰爭制勝機理、制勝要素和製勝方式的深刻變化，為軍事理論研究提供了新的研究對象。

首先，要研究強敵對手。戰爭的對抗性決定了軍事理論研究必須緊盯強敵之變，爭奪軍事理論制高點。當前，世界主要大國正在針對前沿科技加緊開發新的作戰概念與戰術戰法，軍事理論研究要堅持“你打你的，我打我的”，以“解剖麻雀”的方式把對手的作戰概念、作戰方式和作戰能力搞清楚。同時要緊盯科技之變，加強開發新的作戰概念，實現從跟進研究到同步再到趕超，在軍事理論上形成非對稱制衡優勢。其次，要研究智能化戰爭。當今世界，顛覆性前沿科技的發展助推戰爭形態朝向智慧化演進，戰爭的時空特性和攻防模式已經發生深刻改變。軍事理論研究要聚焦智慧化戰爭，精確掌握智慧化戰爭規律與特點，積極預測科技對未來戰爭的影響，實現從被動適應戰爭轉變為主動設計戰爭。再次，要研究新質戰鬥力。科技的發展催生了新質作戰力量，改變了人和武器的結合方式，直接促成了新質戰鬥力的誕生。例如，未來戰場人機一體的聯合作戰行動將成為重要作戰樣態，極少數士兵帶領數量龐大的「蜂群」「魚群」「蟻群」進行智慧集群作戰成為可能。軍事理論研究要聚焦新質戰鬥力，在新興領域中抓住機遇，下好先手棋、打好主動仗，前瞻探索新質戰鬥力的生成路徑和釋放規律，以先進理論牽引拉動新域新質作戰力量建設，為加速新質戰鬥力的孵化與生成提供理論支撐。

打造科技支撐的軍事理論研究範式

智慧科學範式被稱為科學研究的“第五範式”，是一種以人工智慧技術為支撐，以融入人的價值和知識為手段，以人機共融為特徵的跨領域科學研究規範。進入智能化時代，大數據和人工智慧發展迅速，要求把「智能因子」全方位有機融入軍事理論研究實踐之中，開啟軍事理論研究的「第五範式」。

首先，探索以數據為中心的研究方法。人工智慧技術能夠大幅蒐集戰場情報數據，高效篩选和整合多源數據，實現跨域和跨場景數據非線性耦合和復雜關聯。要充分發揮人工智慧技術多元資料蒐集與多維資料處理的強大功能，打通軍事理論、技術、裝備等各要素之間的資料鏈路，實現各研究要素間以資料為中心的跨域協同增效，貫通理技融合的「底層通道」。其次，創新人機協同的研究模式。隨著機器智慧化程度的不斷提高，「人體主機從」的研究模式逐漸轉變為「人機融合」。人工智慧的全局知識和關聯預測能力正在幫助研究者突破傳統思維局限，消弭傳統領域分割，開啟軍事理論研究的「頭腦風暴」。要探索人機深度融合的創新模式，建立正和博弈的動態回饋機制，將研究者的非線性抽象思維與機器的強大算力優勢結合起來，實現知識整合與貫通、動態模擬與推演、前瞻分析及決策，為軍事理論研究提供最大智慧增量。再次，打造軍事理論「預實踐」平台。實踐是檢驗軍事理論成果的“試金石”，只有不斷地從實踐到理論再到實踐，才能實現軍事理論螺旋式上升。一方面，利用虛擬現實技術、人工智慧技術等先進科技手段建立虛擬實驗平台，透過推演、分析、評估等手段對作戰場景和戰鬥力生成過程進行模擬和模擬，在逼真的實驗環境中檢驗概念設計的實用性和可操作性，從而不斷完善和發展軍事理論；還可以利用生成式人工智慧生成「半事實」的作戰場景，以可視化的方式來直接展現戰鬥過程和結果，啟發軍事理論人員思維，縮短新理論生成週期。另一方面，綜合運用實兵演訓活動，在預設的未來戰場環境和作戰條件之下，進行綜合性作戰實驗，與虛擬實驗相互補充，提供更為可靠的預實踐量化數據，在更為接近實戰化的環境之中驗證與發展軍事理論。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/16361834.html

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Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Chinese Army丨On Building an Innovative People’s Army: Only Innovators Win

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習近平強軍思想丨論建立創新人民軍隊：創新者勝

現代英語：

Only innovators win – on building an innovative people’s army

  1. Why is innovation the core competitiveness of an army?

The 19th CPC National Congress clearly proposed the epoch-making proposition of “building an innovative people’s army”, which is the first time in the history of the Party. From proposing to accelerate the construction of an innovative country to proposing to build an innovative people’s army, our Party has emphasized that innovation should be placed at the core of the overall national development and the overall military construction and development, highlighting the extreme importance and practical urgency of innovation for a strong country and a strong army. Innovation is the soul of a country’s development and progress, and it is also the soul of an army’s development and progress. To grasp innovation is to grasp development, and to plan for innovation is to plan for the future. President Xi Jinping stressed that innovation capability is the core competitiveness of an army, and that we must thoroughly implement the innovation-driven development strategy and increase the contribution of innovation to the growth of combat effectiveness.

The military field is the field with the most innovative vitality and the most need for innovative spirit. Marxism believes that war develops earlier than peace, and the military is in a leading position in many aspects of human activities. Advanced technologies are often first applied to the military field. At the same time, the military field is the field with the most intense competition and confrontation. There is always a life-and-death contest between the enemy and us, between attack and defense, spear and shield, and a war drama of wits and courage. If you are one step ahead of others in innovation, you can control others instead of being controlled by them. As Engels said, “Every great commander in the history of war who has created a new era by adopting new methods of warfare has either invented new material means himself, or has been the first to discover the correct method of applying new material means invented before him.” At the end of the 16th century, the British Navy applied new battleships and innovative naval tactics to defeat the Spanish “Invincible Fleet” in one fell swoop, ushering in an era of maritime hegemony; in the late 19th century and early 20th century, Germany applied the latest achievements of the Second Industrial Revolution to military construction and built the most densely populated railway network in Europe, greatly improving the military’s combat readiness and mobility. History has shown that only innovators can advance, become strong and win. Those who are conservative and complacent will miss precious opportunities and fall into strategic passivity.

Innovation capability is an accelerator for generating and improving combat effectiveness. The core of combat effectiveness is people. If people have strong innovation capability, they can “empower” various elements of combat effectiveness, thereby achieving the upgrade of combat effectiveness and forming the “optimal solution” to defeat the enemy. In the final analysis, the competition in war is the competition of innovation capability of both combatants, and the gap in combat capability is essentially the gap in innovation capability. In 1806, the Prussian army was defeated by the French army led by Napoleon in the Battle of Jena. Clausewitz, who participated in the battle, pointed out in summarizing the reasons for the Prussian army’s defeat that middle and senior officers rarely realized that the characteristics of war had undergone fundamental changes. “The Battle of Jena is not only an example of outdated style, but also an example of extreme lack of imagination caused by sticking to the old ways.” The lack of imagination reflects the shortcomings of innovation. If the innovation ability is improved, it will accelerate the formation of new driving forces for the development of combat effectiveness, maximize the vitality of various elements of combat effectiveness, and promote the geometric growth of combat effectiveness.

Our army has come to where it is today through innovation, and we will also rely on innovation to win the future. In the process of combining Marxist military theory, the practice of China’s revolutionary war and the construction of the people’s army, and the traditional Chinese military tactics, our party has relied on continuous innovation to gradually form a complete set of principles and systems for building and governing the army, created the strategy and tactics of the people’s war, and formed the unique advantages of our army. It can be said that innovation has been deeply integrated into the red blood of the people’s army and has become the most distinctive spiritual endowment of our army. In today’s era, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution, and military revolution are accelerating, providing us with a rare opportunity to catch up with the latecomers, and also putting forward higher requirements for our comprehensive implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy. In the past, the development of our military construction was mainly driven by investment factors, which was necessary under certain historical conditions. However, today, it is difficult to continue to rely on large-scale investment increases, which has limited effects and diminishing marginal utility. To keep up with the pace of world military development, break through the bottleneck constraints of military construction, and comprehensively create new development advantages, what is most needed is innovation, and the fundamental way out lies in innovation. We must start the new engine of innovation-driven development at full speed, make great efforts to grasp theoretical innovation, scientific and technological innovation, scientific management, talent gathering, and practical innovation, and establish a set of new military theories, organizational structures, equipment systems, strategies and tactics, and management models that are adapted to the requirements of informationized warfare and mission fulfillment, promote changes in the quality, efficiency, and driving force of our military construction and develop, truly accelerate, build high quality, and speed up the effective supply of advanced combat capabilities.

  1. Why should we vigorously promote the innovation of Marxist military theory?

In May 1938, the nationwide war of resistance had been going on for 10 months. Facing the massive attack of the Japanese army, the “national destruction theory” and “quick victory theory” were once very popular. Can China achieve the final victory? How can it achieve victory? How will the course of the war develop? These questions troubled people’s minds. At the critical juncture of the survival of the Chinese nation, Comrade Mao Zedong published the famous “On Protracted War”, which was like a ray of light, giving great encouragement and confidence to the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians who were fighting hard. All problems of the hostility between the two armies depend on war to be solved. A strong army must be guided by scientific theory. President Xi pointed out that we should vigorously promote the innovation of Marxist military theory, accelerate the formation of a military theory system that is contemporary, leading and unique, and provide scientific theoretical support for the practice of strengthening the military.

Scientific military theory is combat effectiveness. Military theory is a rational understanding and knowledge system about war, the army and national defense. Scientific military theory reveals the laws of war, the laws of war guidance and the laws of army building, guides the construction and use of military forces, has a profound impact on the elements of combat effectiveness, and leads the development of military practice. After the end of World War I, British military theorist Fuller proposed the theory of mechanized warfare, but it was not taken seriously. In the early days of World War II, the German army swept across Europe because of the tank cluster and the “blitzkrieg” theory. Although the weapons and equipment of the British and French armies at that time were almost the same as those of the German army, due to the obsolete and rigid combat theories, the British and French coalition forces soon fell into passivity and could only retreat from Dunkirk, and France quickly fell. Looking back at the history of military development, theoretical innovation has played a significant leading role in practical innovation. Mahan’s “sea power” theory, Douhet’s “air supremacy” theory, Tukhachevsky’s “deep and deep operations” theory, Graham’s “high frontier” theory, etc., have all led the military trend, promoted military reforms, and changed the face of war. “Thoughts precede actions, just as lightning precedes thunder.” Advanced military theory is an ideological weapon that correctly guides war. Whoever is one step ahead in military theory innovation is more likely to seize the initiative to win.

The key to the continuous growth and development of the People’s Army is that it always adheres to the guidance of advanced military theory. One of the important reasons why our army can fight and win battles is that it wins in theory and strategy, learns war from war, and explores laws from practice. During the Jinggangshan struggle period, our party developed the strategy and tactics of guerrilla warfare based on the characteristics of the enemy’s strength and our weakness, and preserved and developed itself. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression , our party implemented the strategic policy of “basically guerrilla warfare, but not relaxing mobile warfare under favorable conditions”, dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders, and strengthened and developed itself. During the Liberation War, our party did not care about the gains and losses of a city or a place, and exchanged space for time, and concentrated superior forces to fight a war of destruction, defeated the Kuomintang army, and ushered in the birth of New China. After Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan, he reflected on the military competition between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party for decades, saying that the reason why the Communist army was able to win the war was because it emphasized the distinction between the extraordinary and the orthodox, the virtual and the real, and the application of changes, and constantly promoted innovation. In long-term practice, our party has combined the basic principles of Marxism with the practice of China’s revolutionary war and the construction of the people’s army, created Marxist military theoretical achievements with Chinese characteristics, and formed Mao Zedong’s Military Thought , Deng Xiaoping’s Thought on Military Construction in the New Era, Jiang Zemin’s Thought on National Defense and Army Construction, Hu Jintao’s Thought on National Defense and Army Construction, and Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Army, providing a scientific guide for winning the victory of China’s revolutionary war and promoting the modernization of national defense and the army.

Knowledge Links

Ten Military Principles

In December 1947, Comrade Mao Zedong put forward ten major military principles in his report “The Current Situation and Our Tasks”, the main contents of which are summarized as follows: (1) First attack the dispersed and isolated enemy, then attack the concentrated and powerful enemy. (2) First capture small cities, medium-sized cities and vast rural areas, then capture large cities. (3) The main goal is to destroy the enemy’s living forces, not to preserve or seize cities and places. ( 4) In every battle, concentrate an absolutely superior force to encircle the enemy on all sides, strive to completely destroy it and not let any escape. (5) Do not fight a battle without preparation or without confidence every battle, we should strive to be prepared and strive to be sure of victory based on the comparison of the enemy’s conditions and ours. (6) Carry forward the style of fighting bravely, fearing no sacrifice, fearing no fatigue, and engaging in continuous fighting. (7) Strive to destroy the enemy in the process of movement. At the same time, focus on positional attack tactics and seize the enemy’s strongholds and cities. (8) In the matter of siege, all enemy strongholds and cities with weak defenses must be seized resolutely. enemy strongholds and cities with moderate defenses and conditions that allow them to be seized must be seized immediately. All enemy strongholds and cities with strong defenses must be seized only when conditions are ripe. (9) Capture all the enemy’s weapons and most of the enemy’s personnel to replenish our own forces. (10) Make good use of the interval between two campaigns to rest and retrain the troops.

New military practice calls for new military theory. Theory comes from practice, and practice is the driving force for the development of theory. Military theory can only maintain strong vitality if it keeps up with the times and responds to practice. In recent years, emerging fields and battlefield space have been continuously expanded, high-tech has penetrated into the military field in many ways, the war form and combat methods have accelerated evolution, and new war and combat theories have emerged in an endless stream. The US military has proposed “network-centric warfare”, “global rapid strike”, and “all-domain warfare”, the Russian military has proposed “non-nuclear containment strategy” and “strategic air and space campaign”, and the Japanese Self-Defense Forces have proposed the “cross-domain defense” theory, etc., all of which are aimed at winning new military advantages through theoretical innovation. The rapid development of the new military revolution in the world and the in-depth advancement of our military strengthening and military rejuvenation practices have put forward urgent requirements for innovation in military theory and provided broad space. Our military construction and development are facing a large number of new situations and new problems, which urgently need to be answered theoretically. Whether it is innovation in military strategy, innovation in military science and technology, or innovation in other aspects of military, they are inseparable from theoretical guidance. It is imperative and urgent to accelerate the modernization of military theory. We must have a broader vision and a longer-term perspective, firmly grasp the issues of war and combat, promote innovation in military theory, and constantly open up new horizons for the development of contemporary Chinese Marxist military theory.

41. Why is science and technology the core combat capability?

In February 2018, a brand-new organization in the Chinese military, the Military Scientific Research Steering Committee of the Central Military Commission, was formally established. Together with the previously established Science and Technology Committee of the Central Military Commission, a new top-level structure for military scientific research work was established. The Academy of Military Sciences has been reorganized and reorganized. With the Academy of Military Sciences as the leader, the military and military scientific research institutions as the backbone, and the scientific research forces of colleges and troops as the auxiliary, our military’s new scientific research system is accelerating to take shape. This series of major measures marks a new step taken by our army on the road to strengthening the military through science and technology, and shows that our party’s understanding of the strategic position of science and technology in national defense and military construction has risen to a new height. President Xi profoundly pointed out that science and technology are the core combat effectiveness, and to promote the modernization of national defense and the military, we must activate the powerful engine of scientific and technological innovation.

Science and technology are the most active and revolutionary factors in military development. Marxism believes that science is a “powerful lever of history” and a “revolutionary force in the highest sense.” Scientific and technological progress not only profoundly changes human production and lifestyle, but also profoundly affects the direction of world military development, and fundamentally promotes the military development process in all aspects. Engels pointed out: “As soon as technological advances can be used for military purposes and have been used for military purposes, they immediately, almost forcibly, and often against the will of the commander, cause changes or even revolutions in the way of combat.” Looking at the world In the history of military development, the main technologies supporting military struggles include bronze smelting and iron casting in the cold weapon age, gunpowder and firearm manufacturing in the hot weapon age, internal combustion engines and electricity in the mechanization age, and computers and communications in the information age. The widespread application of science and technology in the military field will inevitably lead to profound changes in the shape of war and methods of combat. Every major scientific and technological innovation in history has initiated a new military revolution, and every military revolution has pushed military development into a new era.

Science and technology are an important basis for generating and improving combat effectiveness. The basic components of combat effectiveness are people, weapons and equipment, and the combination of people and weapons and equipment. Science and technology are not independent elements of combat effectiveness, but they are always integrated into and condensed into various elements of combat effectiveness in various ways and forms, greatly promoting the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. From a human perspective, in the development chain of “physical fitness-skill-intelligence” of military personnel, scientific and technological quality increasingly constitutes the most important factor in their overall quality. Without high scientific and technological literacy and military skills, even weapons and equipment cannot be operated. No, let alone being able to fight and win wars. From the perspective of weapons and equipment, it is the physical manifestation of science and technology in the military field. Science and technology have become a “multiplier” for the combat effectiveness of weapons and equipment. From the perspective of the integration of people and weapons and equipment, science and technology have spawned new military theories and prompted the continuous adjustment and reform of the military system. They are the “catalyst” to achieve the optimal combination of people and weapons and equipment. Generally speaking, the development and progress of science and technology is the main force that promotes the demise of the elements of the old combat effectiveness system and the construction of new combat effectiveness system elements, greatly shortening the cycle of generating and improving combat effectiveness, and promoting the leap of new quality combat effectiveness.

Science and technology have an increasing impact on the outcome of modern wars. At present, science and technology are developing faster and faster, and global scientific and technological innovation is unprecedentedly active. Major powers regard seizing scientific and technological advantages as a strategic measure to seek military advantage. The military game between great powers is largely reflected in technological subversion and counter-subversion, raids and counter-raids, offsets and counter-offsets. Once some technologies achieve breakthroughs, their impact will be disruptive, and may even fundamentally change the shape and methods of warfare, and fundamentally change the traditional offensive and defensive pattern of war. We are in a period of historical convergence where the world’s scientific and technological revolution and military revolution are developing rapidly, and the cause of strengthening and rejuvenating the military is in-depth advancement. Technology has never had such a profound impact on the overall national security and military strategy as it does today, and has never had such a profound impact on the construction and development of our military as it does today. We must promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance, give full play to the strategic supporting role of science and technology in our military construction, put national defense scientific and technological innovation in a more prominent position, adhere to the strategic basis of independent innovation, enhance scientific and technological awareness, innovation, and application capabilities, and strive to Seize the initiative in military development and the right to win future wars.

▶A big country like ours and an army like ours must take the initiative through independent innovation.

▶Real core and key technologies cannot be bought with money. Importing weapons and equipment is unreliable, and importing imitations will not go far.

▶Independent innovation must be fought for, and this battle must be won.

42. How to understand the promotion of a military management revolution centered on effectiveness?

In June 2020, with the approval of the Central Military Commission, the entire military held a strategic management training. This was the first high-level, large-scale training event organized by our military with strategic management as the theme. More than a month later, during the 22nd collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee, President Xi clearly pointed out that it is necessary to update management concepts, improve strategic literacy, improve systems and mechanisms, smooth strategic management links, and substantively advance military management revolution. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission have placed the strengthening of military management in a strategic position, actively built a new military management system, and started a new process of revolution in our military management in the new era.

Whether the army can fight and win wars, management often plays a key role. No matter how good the theoretical guidance of an army is, no matter how good the weapons and equipment are, and no matter how many combatants there are, if the management is in a mess and all the elements cannot integrate and play a role, it will not be able to win the war, and it may even be impossible to win the war. Scientific and efficient management is of great significance for reducing military construction costs, improving military system operation efficiency, and enhancing combat effectiveness. During the Gulf War, the U.S. Department of Defense shipped about 40,000 containers to the frontline armies. Due to imprecise management and inaccurate support, many material categories and recipient information were unknown. More than 20,000 of them had to be reopened and counted until the end of the war. There are still more than 8,000 containers that have not been opened. Modern war practice has fully proved that as the military organizational structure becomes increasingly complex, professional division of labor becomes more refined, and military operations become more systematic, this requires us to pay more attention to the role of management in military operations and construction and improve the professionalization of military management. , refined and scientific level.

The purpose of the military management revolution is to improve the operational efficiency of military systems and the efficiency of the use of national defense resources. Military management is the overall and basic work of national defense and military construction. Its essence is to organically integrate all military units and elements to fundamentally improve the effectiveness of combat effectiveness. Extensive management is a prominent problem that has long restricted the development of our military’s construction. In particular, our military’s construction is at a critical stage of accelerating shifting gears and improving quality and efficiency. In addition, the construction management model has undergone great changes after the reform, and the promotion of efficiency-oriented The core military management revolution and improving the precision-oriented management system are the inevitable choices for strengthening the scientific management of the military. With efficiency as the core, all management practices are inherently required to adhere to quality first, efficiency first, and strive to increase the effective supply of combat effectiveness. To be precision-oriented means to achieve precise planning, precise planning, precise deployment, precise implementation, and precise inspection, and to apply the principle of precision throughout the entire process of all aspects of management. In advancing the reform of military policies and systems, our army has implemented fundamental changes in traditional management methods and proposed reform measures in strategic management, military expenditure management, organizational management, equipment management, material management, and troop education management. The purpose is to form a precise An efficient, comprehensively standardized, and rigidly constrained military management policy system will improve the operational efficiency of the military system, the effectiveness of the use of national defense resources, and the effectiveness of the construction and application of military forces.

Military management must tightly grasp the pivot of strategic management. As the highest-level management of national defense and military construction, strategic management is a macro-management activity that manages the overall situation, long-term management, and major events. It plans and designs the investment of military resources from the top level. Whether strategic management is scientific or not directly affects the quality and efficiency of national defense and military construction. Back then, we achieved “two bombs and one satellite” under very difficult circumstances. We spent much less money than foreign countries, but the efficiency was very high. The important reason was that we gave full play to our country’s institutional advantages and used systems engineering methods to organize In order to carry out this work, a unique strategic management mechanism was explored. Today’s acceleration of national defense and military modernization requires further strengthening of strategic management. A new strategic management system has been established, but the relevant systems and mechanisms are not yet complete. We must adhere to goal orientation, problem orientation, and result orientation, and further open up the strategic management link of “demand-planning-budget-execution-evaluation”. Among them, demand is the driving force, clarifying the direction and requirements of combat capabilities; planning is the leading role, determining construction goals and tasks and resource allocation; budget is the key, and is the “funding version” of the planning plan; execution is the focus, which is the implementation of construction projects and the allocation of resources. The application of input; evaluation is the support and the measurement of construction quality and efficiency. By improving the strategic management link, demand-driven planning and planning-led resource allocation will become rigid constraints on our military’s construction, forming a smooth and efficient strategic management closed loop to promote the high-quality development of our military’s construction.

現代國語：

唯創新者勝－關於建設創新型人民軍隊

39.為什麼說創新是軍隊的核心競爭力？

黨的十九大明確提出「建設創新人民軍隊」的劃時代命題，這在黨的歷史上還是第一次。從提出加速建設創新國家到提出建設創新型人民軍隊，我們黨強調要把創新置於國家發展全局和軍隊建設發展全局的核心位置，凸顯了創新的極端重要性和現實意義。刻不容緩。創新是一個國家發展進步的靈魂，也是一支軍隊發展進步的靈魂。抓創新就是抓發展，謀創新就是謀未來。習近平主席強調，創新能力是軍隊的核心競爭力，必須深入實施創新驅動發展策略，提高創新對戰鬥力成長的貢獻。

軍事領域是最具創新活力、最需要創新精神的領域。馬克思主義認為，戰爭早於和平發展，軍隊在人類活動的許多方面處於主導地位。先進技術往往首先應用於軍事領域。同時，軍事領域又是競爭和對抗最激烈的領域。敵我之間、攻與守、矛與盾之間，始終存在著一場你死我活的較量，一場鬥智的戰爭大戲。如果你在創新上領先別人一步，你就能控制別人而不是被別人控制。正如恩格斯所說：「戰爭史上每一位採用新戰爭方法開創新時代的偉大統帥，要么是他自己發明了新的物質手段，要么是第一個發現了運用前人發明的新物質手段的正確方法。 16世紀末，英國海軍運用新型戰艦和創新海軍戰術，一舉擊敗西班牙“無敵艦隊”，開啟了海上霸權時代； 19世紀末20世紀初，德國將第二次工業革命的最新成果運用到軍事建設中，建造了歐洲人口最密集的鐵路網，大大提高了軍隊的戰備性和機動性。歷史證明，只有創新者才能前進，只有創新者才能強大，只有創新者才能獲勝。保守、自滿的人就會錯失寶貴的機遇，陷入戰略被動。

創新能力是產生和提高戰鬥力的加速器。戰鬥力的核心是人。人如果擁有強大的創新能力，就可以對戰鬥力的各個要素進行“賦能”，從而實現戰鬥力的升級，形成克敵制勝的“最優方案”。戰爭的競爭歸根到底是參戰雙方創新能力的競爭，作戰能力的差距本質上就是創新能力的差距。 1806年，普魯士軍隊在耶拿戰役中被拿破崙率領的法軍擊敗。參與戰鬥的克勞塞維茨在總結普魯士軍隊失敗的原因時指出，中高級軍官很少意識到戰爭的特徵已經發生了根本性的變化。 「耶拿戰役不僅是風格落伍的一個例子，也是因循守舊而導致想像力極度缺乏的一個例子。”想像力的缺乏體現了創新的短板。創新能力提高，將加速形成戰鬥力發展新動能，最大限度激發戰鬥力各要素活力，推動戰鬥力幾何級增長。

我軍靠創新走到了今天，我們也將靠創新贏得未來。在馬克思主義軍事理論同中國革命戰爭和人民軍隊建設實踐與中國傳統軍事戰術相結合的過程中，我們黨依靠不斷創新，逐步形成了一整套建設和建設軍隊的完整原則和體系。了人民戰爭的戰略戰術，形成了我軍的獨特優勢。可以說，創新已經深深融入人民軍隊的紅色血液，成為我軍最鮮明的精神稟賦。當今時代，新一輪科技革命、產業革命、軍事革命正在加速推進，為我們提供了後來者追趕的難得機遇，一個地方，一個地方，以空間換時間，集中優勢兵力打一場毀滅性戰爭，打敗了國民黨軍隊，迎來了新中國的誕生。蔣介石退守台灣後，反思國共幾十年的軍事競爭，說共軍之所以能打贏戰爭，是因為強調了非凡與普通的區別。我們黨在長期實踐中，把馬克思主義基本原理同我國革命戰爭和人民軍隊建設實踐結合起來，創造了中國特色馬克思主義軍事理論成果，形成了毛澤東軍事思想、鄧小平軍事思想。國防與軍隊建設思想、胡錦濤國防與軍隊建設思想、習近平強軍思想，為贏得我國革命戰爭勝利、促進國防與軍隊現代化。

知識連結

十大軍事原則

1947年12月，毛澤東同志在《當前形勢和我們的任務》報告中提出了十大軍事原則，其主要內容概括如下：（一）先打擊分散、孤立的敵人，再打擊集中的敵人。的敵人。 （2）先攻占小城市、中等城市和廣大農村，然後攻占大城市。 （3）主要目標是消滅敵人的生力軍，而不是保全或奪取城市和地方。 （四）每次戰鬥，集中絕對優勢兵力，對敵人進行四麵包圍，力爭徹底殲滅，不放過敵人。 （五）不打無準備的仗，每戰都沒有信心，要努力做好準備，根據敵我情況的比較，力爭必勝。 （六）發揚勇猛、不怕犧牲、不怕疲倦、持續戰鬥的作風。 (7)力爭在運動過程中消滅敵人。同時，注重陣地攻擊戰術，奪取敵方據點和城市。 （八）在攻城方面，凡是敵方據點和防禦薄弱的城市，必須堅決奪取。凡是防禦力中等、條件允許奪取的敵人據點和城市，必須立即奪取。凡是敵人的據點和防禦堅固的城市，只有在條件成熟時才可以攻克。 （九）繳獲敵軍全部武器及大部分人員，以補充己方兵力。 （十）充分利用兩次戰役之間的間隙，對部隊進行休息和再訓練。

新的軍事實踐呼喚新的軍事理論。理論來自於實踐，實踐是理論發展的動力。軍事理論只有與時俱進、回應實踐，才能維持旺盛的生命力。近年來，新興領域和戰場空間不斷拓展，高新技術多方式滲透到軍事領域，戰爭形態和作戰方式加速演變，新的戰爭和作戰理論層出不窮。美軍提出“網路中心戰”、“全球快速打擊”、“全局戰”，俄軍提出“非核遏制戰略”、“戰略空天戰役”，日本提出“戰略空天作戰”。防禦」理論等，都是為了透過理論創新贏得新的軍事優勢。世界新軍事革命快速發展和我軍強軍興軍實踐深入推進，對軍事理論創新提出了迫切要求，提供了廣闊空間。我軍建設發展面臨大量新情況、新問題，亟待從理論上予以解答。無論是軍事戰略創新、軍事科技創新，或是軍事其他方面的創新，都離不開理論指引。加速軍事理論現代化勢在必行。我們必須以更廣闊的視野和更長遠的眼光，牢牢掌握戰爭和戰鬥問題，推動軍事理論創新，不斷開闢當代中國馬克思主義軍事理論發展新天地。

41.為什麼說科學技術是核心戰鬥力？

2018年2月，中國軍隊中一個嶄新的機構－中央軍委軍事科學研究指導委員會正式成立，連同先前成立的中央軍委科學技術委員會，立起了軍事科研工作的全新頂層架構。軍事科學院重新調整組建，以軍事科學院為龍頭、軍兵種科研機構為骨幹、院校和部隊科研力量為輔助，我軍全新的科研體係正在加速形成。這一系列重大舉措，標志我軍在科技強軍道路上邁出了新步伐，表明我們黨對科學技術在國防和軍隊建設中戰略地位的認識上升到新高度。習主席深刻指出，科學技術是核心戰鬥力，推進國防和軍隊現代化必須把科技創新這個強大引擎發動起來。

科學技術是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。馬克思主義認為，科學是“歷史的強大的槓桿”，是“最高意義上的革命力量”。科技進步不僅深刻改變人類的生產生活方式，也深刻影響世界軍事發展走向，全方位根本性地推動軍事發展進程。恩格斯指出：「一旦技術上的進步可以用於軍事目的並且已經用於軍事目的，它們便立刻幾乎強制地，而且往往是違反指揮官的意志而引起作戰方式上的改變甚至變革。」縱觀世界軍事發展史，支撐軍事鬥爭的主要科技，冷兵器時代是青銅冶煉、鐵器鑄造，熱兵器時代是火藥、火器製造，機械化時代是內燃機、電力，資訊化時代是計算機、通訊。科學技術在軍事領域的廣泛應用，必然引起戰爭形態和作戰方式的深刻變化。歷史上每一次重大科學技術創新，都開啟了一場新的軍事變革，而每一場軍事變革都把軍事發展推向新的時代。

科學技術是生成和提高戰鬥力的重要基礎。戰鬥力的基本構成要素是人、武器裝備以及人與武器裝備的結合方式。科學技術不是戰鬥力構成的獨立要素，但它始終以各種方式和形態融入並凝結在戰鬥力各要素中，極大地促進戰鬥力的生成和提升。從人的方面來看，在軍人「體能-技能-智能」的發展鏈中，科技素質越來越構成其整體素質中最重要的因素，沒有較高的科技素養和軍事技能，連武器裝備也操作不了，更別說能打仗、打勝仗了。從武器裝備來看，本身就是科學技術在軍事領域的物化表現，科學技術已成為武器裝備作戰效能的「倍增器」。從人與武器裝備的結合面來看，科學技術催生新的軍事理論，促使軍隊體制編制不斷調整變革，是實現人與武器裝備最佳結合的「催化劑」。總的來看，科學技術的發展進步，是推動舊戰鬥力體係要素消亡和新戰鬥力體係要素構建的主要力量，大大縮短戰鬥力生成和提高的周期，促進新質戰鬥力的飛躍。

科學技術對現代戰爭勝負的影響日益上升。當前，科學技術發展速度越來越快，全球科技創新空前活躍，主要大國都把奪取科技優勢作為謀求軍事優勢的戰略舉措。大國軍事博弈很大程度上體現為技術上的顛覆和反顛覆、突襲和反突襲、抵消和反抵消。有些技術一旦取得突破，影響將是顛覆性的，甚至可能從根本上改變戰爭形態和作戰方式，從根本上改變傳統的戰爭攻防格局。我們正處在世界科技革命和軍事革命迅猛發展、強軍興軍事業深入推進的歷史交匯期。科技從來沒有像今天這樣深刻影響國家安全和軍事戰略全局，從來沒有像今天這樣深刻影響我軍建設發展。必須推進高水準科技自立自強，充分發揮科技對我軍建設戰略支撐作用，把國防科技創新擺在更加突出的位置，堅持自主創新這個戰略基點，增強科技認知力、創新力、運用力，努力把握軍事發展主動權、未來戰爭制勝權。

習言習語

▶我們這樣一個大國、這樣一支軍隊，必須透過自主創新掌握主動。

▶真正的核心關鍵技術是花錢買不來的，靠進口武器裝備是靠不住的，走引進仿製的路子是走不遠的。

▶自主創新這口氣一定要爭，這場仗一定要打贏。

42.如何理解推進以效能為核心的軍事管理革命？

2020年6月，經中央軍委批准，全軍舉行戰略管理集訓，這是我軍首次以戰略管理為專題組織的高層次、大範圍集訓活動。一個多月後，在十九屆中央政治局第二十二次集體學習時，習主席明確指出，要更新管理理念，提高戰略素養，健全制度機制，暢通戰略管理鏈路，實質性推進軍事管理革命。黨的十八大以來，黨中央、中央軍委把加強軍事管理擺在戰略位置，積極建構新型軍事管理體系，開啟新時代我軍管理革命新進程。

軍隊能不能打仗、打勝仗，管理往往扮演關鍵角色。一支軍隊，理論指導再好，武器裝備再好，戰鬥人員再多，如果管理一團糟，各項要素不能集成發揮作用，也是打不了勝仗的，甚至可能是打不了仗的。科學高效的管理，對於降低軍隊建設成本、提高軍事系統運作效率、增強戰鬥力，具有十分重要的意義。海灣戰爭中，美國國防部給予前線陸軍運送的約4萬個集裝箱，由於管理不精細、保障不精準，許多物資類別、收件資訊不明，只得將其中2萬多個重新打開清點，直到戰爭結束還有8000多個集裝箱沒有打開。現代戰爭實踐充分證明，隨著軍隊組織結構日益復雜，專業分工更加精細，軍事行動的系統性大大增強，這就要求我們更加註重發揮管理在軍隊作戰、建設中的作用，提高軍事管理的專業化、精進、科學化程度。

軍事管理革命的目的是提升軍事系統運作效能和國防資源使用效益。軍事管理是國防和軍隊建設的全局性、基礎性工作，其實質就是要把所有軍事單元和要素有機整合起來，從根本上提高戰鬥力的生成效能。管理粗放是長期制約我軍建設發展的一個突出問題，特別是我軍建設正處在換擋加速、提質增效的關鍵階段，加上改革後建設管理模式發生很大變化，推進以效能為核心的軍事管理革命，健全以精準為導向的管理體系，是加強軍隊科學管理的必然選擇。以效能為核心，內在要求一切管理實踐堅持品質第一、效益優先，著力增加戰鬥力有效供給。以精準為導向，就是要做到精準謀劃、精準規劃、精準部署、精準落實、精準檢驗，把精準原則貫穿管理各方面全過程。我軍在推進軍事政策制度改革中，對傳統管理方式實行根本性變革，從戰略管理、軍費管理、組織編制管理、裝備管理、物資管理、部隊教育管理等方面提出改革舉措，目的就是要形成精準高效率、全面規範、剛性約束的軍事管理政策制度，提升軍事系統運作效率、國防資源運用效益及軍事力量建設運用效能。

軍事管理必須緊緊扭轉戰略管理這個樞紐。戰略管理作為國防和軍隊建設最高層次的管理，是管全局、管長遠、管大事的宏觀管理活動，從頂層規劃和設計軍事資源的投向投量。戰略管理是否科學，直接影響國防和軍隊建設品質效益。當年我們在十分困難的情況下搞成了“兩彈一星”，花的錢比外國少得多，效率卻很高，很重要的原因是充分發揮我國的製度優勢，用系統工程的方法組織了這項工作，探索了一套獨具特色的策略管理機制。今天加速國防和軍隊現代化，需要進一步加強戰略管理。新的策略管理體制立起來了，但相關制度機制還不完善，必須堅持目標導向、問題導向、結果導向，進一步打通「需求-規劃-預算-執行-評估」的戰略管理連結。其中，需求是牽引，明確作戰能力指向和要求；規劃是主導，決定建設目標任務和資源配置；預算是關鍵，是規劃計劃的「經費版」；執行是重心，是建設項目的實施和對資源投入的運用；評估是支撐，是對建設品質效益的衡量。透過完善戰略管理鏈路，使需求牽引規劃、規劃主導資源配置成為我軍建設的剛性約束，形成順暢高效的戰略管理閉合迴路，推動我軍建設高質量發展。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.81.cn/ll_208543/10189839.html?big=fan

http://www.81.cn/zt/2023nzt/qmsrxxgcxjpqjsx/xxwd/16244461.html

Chinese Military Informatization, Dissipative Warfare, 中國支持認知對抗的軍事決策與觀點, 中國的情報戰, 中國的耗散戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事分析:認知域作戰的特徵與發展趨勢, 中國軍事認知領域作戰, 中國軍民融合計劃, 中國軍用反衛星武器研製, 中國軍隊, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 中國軍隊瞄準未來戰爭打好五場認知戰, 中國軍隊聚焦認知域戰是主攻戰場對抗的新著力點, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 元宇宙, 國家網絡空間安全戰略, 國防和軍隊現代化建設, 域作战突出属性, 認知戰, 新軍事變革, 解放軍展望未來戰爭發展, 認知域戰, 認知域操作, 認知對抗, 認知戰, 認知領域操作, 資料來源：中國外交部, 贏得現代戰爭認知領域作戰的關鍵, 軍事多域作戰, 軍事認知戰

Accelerate Development of Chinese National Defense Science and Technology Innovation to Help Modernization of China’s Military

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加速發展國防科技創新 協助軍隊現代化

現代英語：

President Xi Jinping stressed that military scientific research is highly exploratory, and innovation should be placed in a more prominent position, strategic planning and top-level design should be done well, military theory innovation, national defense science and technology innovation, and innovation in the organizational model of military scientific research should be strengthened, and the engine of military scientific research innovation should be started at full speed. This important statement by President Xi profoundly reveals the importance of national defense science and technology innovation, and is the fundamental principle for promoting the development of national defense science and technology innovation under the new situation. We must start the engine of national defense science and technology innovation at full speed, promote the high-quality development of national defense science and technology, and provide strong material and technical support for achieving the goal of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the army and building a world-class army in an all-round way.

Strengthen basic research towards the forefront of development

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is emerging, and the world’s new military revolution is accelerating, opening the curtain of the era from informatization to intelligence, which will inevitably bring about a major evolution of war forms, major adjustments in military strategy, major changes in combat methods, and major transformation of combat forces. To promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation, we must adhere to the forefront of world military science and technology development, face the major needs of strengthening the military practice, face the future battlefield, earnestly explore the winning mechanism of future wars, and continuously improve the contribution rate of national defense science and technology to preparing for war, deterring war and winning war, and inject strong momentum into seizing the strategic commanding heights of future military competition.

We should aim at the forefront of world military science and technology, keep up with the direction of the world’s new military revolution, especially the development of military science and technology, firmly grasp the opportunities of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution, strive to narrow the gap in key areas, take comparative advantage as the fundamental standard for measuring innovation and development, select the breakthrough and focus of scientific and technological innovation, strengthen forward-looking planning and design, allocate limited resources to major technical breakthroughs, concentrate superior forces, vigorously overcome key technologies in the military field, and master a number of core technologies with independent intellectual property rights. From structural design to force allocation to scientific research projects, we should seize the main research areas, reflect the development frontier, form overall advantages, and actively seek strategic initiative and military advantages.

With the continuous development of science and technology, the characteristics of multi-disciplinary professional cross-clustering and multi-field technology integration are becoming increasingly prominent. Great cross-integration, great integration and great breakthroughs have become the basic laws of the development of modern military science. To promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation, we must strive to improve our technical cognition ability, dare to blaze new trails in construction ideas and technical paths, open up the channel for the transformation of technology chain into industrial chain, and enhance the national strategic capabilities and weapons and equipment development strength. We must follow the essential requirements and inherent laws of national defense science and technology, stand against the backdrop of the national innovation system and military-civilian integrated collaborative innovation, accelerate the establishment of strategic, basic, cutting-edge and open scientific research and innovation platforms, and promote the transformation of national defense science and technology to the close integration of military theory and military technology, the mutual promotion of basic research and applied research, and the equal emphasis on independent innovation and absorption and reference. Adapt to the requirements of national defense science and technology innovation and development, do a good job in basic management, and establish a supporting basic support management mechanism to ensure the development of national defense science and technology innovation; strengthen project management, and strive to form a classified, efficient, flexible, adaptive and sustainable management mechanism and work process; broaden the channels for technology transformation, establish and improve the policy and institutional mechanisms for the transformation and application of national defense science and technology achievements, and promote the rapid transformation and application of national defense science and technology innovation achievements.

Practice has proved that basic research is the key to how high and how far national defense science and technology innovation can “jump”. Therefore, we must focus on innovative basic and applied basic research, make good scientific reserves, correctly grasp the relationship between basic research and technological application, and provide strong support for promoting the development of national defense science and technology innovation. First, we must take basic research as a leading project to promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation, put it in a strategic position of priority development, maintain sufficient and stable funding, make early arrangements and give priority support in several major fields, explore new concepts, new principles, and new methods, and strive to make major breakthroughs in basic, cutting-edge, and strategic fields. Second, we must persist in using the thinking and methods of systems engineering, correctly understand and scientifically guide basic research and technology application practices, promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, and cultivate new technological growth points to form a closed link of “basic research, development and application, transformation of achievements, and integrated application and re-innovation”. Third, we must open up channels for the transformation of national defense science and technology achievements as soon as possible, and promote scientific research achievements to take root in building a world-class military and serving and preparing for war. Actively explore scientific research collaboration in the form of technology groups and project groups, strengthen communication and cooperation between the military and local governments, open up channels for technological needs, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements as soon as possible.

Establish a scientific research orientation and win the future with innovation

Focusing on actual combat is the core goal of military construction. We must adhere to the fundamental guidance of combat needs as an important guiding principle for the development of national defense science and technology innovation. We must always aim at tomorrow’s wars to innovate and develop military theories and military technology, and explore and form a national defense science and technology innovation system that keeps pace with the development of the times, adapts to national security needs, and meets future combat requirements.

To promote the innovation and development of national defense science and technology, we must firmly establish the fundamental orientation of scientific research for warfare, conduct in-depth research on combat characteristics, combat styles, combat focus and winning mechanisms under information conditions, insist on using combat needs to guide basic research and strategic frontier technology exploration, and further improve the institutional mechanisms for scientific research projects to focus on preparing for war. At the same time, we must keep a close eye on future combat opponents, accurately grasp the evolution trends of war forms and the development trends of world military science and technology, constantly update our ideas, scientifically plan today’s preparations, design tomorrow’s wars, and win future battlefields.

Combat effectiveness has always been the decisive factor in the success or failure of the military, and the combat effectiveness standard is the only fundamental standard for military construction. With the rapid development of high-tech with information technology as the core, the complexity of the offensive and defensive combat mechanism of war has undergone unprecedented profound changes, which has had an unprecedented profound impact on the generation and improvement of combat effectiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to take independent innovation as an important factor, component and implementation method for the transformation of combat effectiveness generation mode, be good at discovering the potential driving force of new technologies on combat effectiveness development, and promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation in the great practice of fully realizing the goal of strengthening the military.

In order to adapt to the requirements of winning information and intelligent wars and effectively fulfill the mission, we must adhere to the strategic basis of independent innovation, improve the mechanism of scientific research collaborative innovation, build a fusion innovation platform, and comprehensively promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation. First, we must take the weak links of national defense science and technology as the main direction of promoting independent innovation, and at the same time increase the original innovation efforts, focus on mastering key core technologies in some important fields and scientific and technological frontiers, and strive to build a national defense science and technology innovation system that can not only increase the national defense science and technology reserves, but also enable them to be rapidly transformed. Correctly handle the relationship between key technologies and general technologies, general technologies and special technologies, traditional technologies and high-tech technologies, and achieve overall planning and reasonable layout to achieve mutual support and coordinated development of various technologies and disciplines. Second, we must grasp the needs of national defense science and technology innovation and development, focus on solving problems in the science and technology management system, demand generation mechanism, scientific research plan system, etc., improve the overall benefits of scientific research, and form a strong vitality to promote independent innovation. Vigorously promote the sharing of technical basic resources between the military and civilians, and establish and improve the military-civilian standardization coordination mechanism and technical service mechanism. Third, we must improve the science and technology collaborative innovation policy system of universities, research institutes, enterprises, and governments, maximize the advantages of all aspects, focus on building a fusion innovation platform, and form an overall synergy to promote national defense science and technology collaborative innovation.

Implementing the strategy of strengthening the military with talents in the new era to unleash creative vitality

To promote the development of national defense science and technology innovation, it is ultimately necessary to rely on high-level talents. Without a strong team of national defense science and technology talents, independent innovation is like water without a source and a tree without roots. Therefore, it is necessary to actively adapt to the requirements of national defense science and technology innovation and development, vigorously build a systematic and high-level talent training platform, and allow more high-quality and professional talents to emerge.

We should firmly establish the concept that “talent is the first resource”, insist on cultivating talents as a major political task, and boldly use strategic scientists with the wisdom to identify talents, the sincerity to love talents, the methods to gather talents, the courage to use talents, and the mind to tolerate talents, support young scientific and technological talents to take the lead and shoulder important responsibilities, and continuously expand the ranks of leading scientific and technological talents and first-class innovation teams. We should adhere to the major national defense science and technology construction projects and talent construction projects together, boldly select, use, and temper various talents in the practice of major projects and major tasks, cultivate and bring up a new generation of scientific and technological leaders and leading talents, and build the field of national defense science and technology and equipment into a highland for national innovative talents and a fertile ground for talent growth and development, forming a vivid situation in which the creative vitality of national defense science and technology talents competes. We should clarify the evaluation methods and standards for national defense science and technology talents, improve the differentiated evaluation and policy support mechanism for national defense science and technology talents, and build an evaluation system that conforms to the laws of national defense science and technology and the laws of talent growth. Reform the science and technology management and personnel systems, let scientific research management keep pace with scientific and technological innovation, truly free up time for scientific researchers, build platforms, and hand over the stage for scientific research and innovation to them with confidence, allowing them to play the leading role and play a big role in scientific research and innovation.

A scientific and fair evaluation mechanism plays a fundamental role in stimulating innovation. Practice has proved that any major breakthrough in the field of basic research is inseparable from long-term accumulation and repeated failures, which is an inevitable law of scientific development. Therefore, in the process of national defense science and technology and weapon equipment research and production, we should encourage researchers to have wonderful ideas and tolerate their failures in exploration and practice. It is advocated that the implementation of various scientific research plans should not be based on the number of papers and patents as project goals, but should focus on the achievement of original results and allow a certain proportion of failures. Peer evaluation should be implemented for basic and cutting-edge technology research, highlighting the medium- and long-term goal orientation and original value, focusing on creating a fair competition environment that encourages innovation, and making great efforts to activate the “spring water” of national defense science and technology innovation and development.

We will fully implement the strategy of strengthening the military with talents in the new era, further enhance the vitality of talent team building, maximize the innovative power of national defense science and technology talents, and fully mobilize their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity. We will follow the growth rules of high-quality and professional military talents, create an environment for identifying, loving, respecting and using talents, formulate policies and systems that combine competitive incentives with advocating cooperation, promote the orderly flow and reasonable layout of talent resources, build a good platform for local talents to serve national defense science and technology construction, and strive to create a good situation in which people can use their talents to the fullest, display their talents to the fullest, and use their talents to the fullest.

(The author is a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences)

(Editors: Wang Zifeng, Song Meiqi)

現代國語：

習近平主席強調指出，軍事科學研究具有很強的探索性，要把創新擺在更加突出的位置，做好戰略規劃和頂層設計，加強軍事理論創新、國防科技創新、軍事科研工作組織模式創新，把軍事科研創新的引擎全速發動。習主席的這一重要論述，深刻揭示了國防科技創新的重要性，是新形勢下推動國防科技創新發展的根本遵循。我們要全速發動國防科技創新發展的引擎，促進國防科技高品質發展，為實現建軍一百年奮鬥目標、全面建成世界級軍隊提供強而有力的物質技術支撐。

面向發展前沿 加強基礎研究

目前，新一輪科技革命與產業變革正孕育興起，世界新軍事革命加速推進，拉開了從資訊化邁向智慧化的時代大幕，必將帶來戰爭形態大演進、軍事戰略大調整、作戰方式大嬗變、作戰力量大轉型。推動國防科技創新發展，必須堅持面向世界軍事科技發展前沿，面向強軍實踐重大需求，面向未來戰場，認真探索未來戰爭制勝機理，不斷提高國防科技對備戰懾戰勝戰的貢獻率，為搶佔未來軍事競爭策略制高點注入強勁動能。

瞄準世界軍事科技前沿，緊跟世界新軍事革命特別是軍事科技發展方向，緊緊抓住新一輪科技革命和產業革命正在興起的機遇，努力縮小關鍵領域的差距，以取得比較優勢作為衡量創新發展的根本標準，選準科技創新的突破口和著力點，加強前瞻謀劃設計，把有限的資源配置到重大技術攻關上，集中優勢力量，大力攻克軍事領域的關鍵技術，掌握一批擁有自主智慧財產權的核心技術。從結構設計到力量配比再到科研項目，都應抓住主要研究領域，體現發展前沿，形成整體優勢，積極謀求戰略主動與軍事優勢。

隨著科學技術不斷發展，多學科專業交叉群集、多領域技術融合整合的特徵日益凸顯，大交叉、大融合、大突破已成為現代軍事科學發展的基本法則。推動國防科技創新發展，要努力提陞技術認知能力，在建立想法、技術路徑上敢於蹚新路，打通技術鏈轉化為產業鏈的通道，提升國家戰略能力與武器裝備發展實力。要遵循國防科技的本質要求和內在規律，站在國家創新大體系、軍民一體化協同創新的大背景下，加速建立戰略性、基礎性、前沿性、開放性的科學研究創新平台，推動國防科技向軍事理論與軍事技術緊密結合、基礎研究與應用研究相互促進、自主創新與吸收借鏡並重視並舉轉變。適應國防科技創新發展要求，搞好基礎管理，配套建立確保國防科技創新發展的基礎支撐性管理機制；加強專案管理，努力形成分類分級、高效靈活、自適應、可持續的管理機制和工作流程；拓寬技術轉化管道，建立並改善國防科技成果轉化應用政策制度機制，推動國防科技創新成果快速轉化應用。

實務證明，國防科技創新能「跳」多高、「跑」多遠，基礎研究是關鍵。因此，要著力抓好創新性基礎與應用基礎研究，搞好豐厚的科學儲備，正確掌握基礎研究與技術應用的關係，為推動國防科技創新發展提供強力支撐。一要把基礎研究作為推動國防科技創新發展的先導工程，放在優先發展的戰略位置來抓，保持足夠、穩定的經費投入，在若干重大領域提前佈局與優先支持，探索新概念、新原理、新方法，力爭在基礎、前衛、策略領域取得重大突破。二要堅持運用系統工程的思維和方法，正確認識和科學指導基礎研究與技術應用實踐，既要促進科技成果轉化運用，又要培育新的技術增長點，形成“基礎研究、開發應用、成果轉化，到整合應用再創新」的閉合鏈路。三要盡快打通國防科技成果轉化的管道，促進科研成果在建設世界一流軍隊和服務備戰打仗中落地生根。積極探索以技術群、專案群等形式進行科研協作攻關，加強軍地溝通協作，暢通技術需求通道，促進科技成果盡快轉換。

樹立科研為戰導向 以創新制勝未來

聚焦實戰是軍隊建設的核心目標，必須把堅持作戰需求的根本牽引作為國防科技創新發展的重要指導原則，始終瞄準明天的戰爭創新發展軍事理論和軍事科技，探索形成與時代發展同步伐、與國家安全需求相適應、滿足未來作戰需求的國防科技創新體系。

推動國防科技創新發展，必須穩固確立科研為戰的根本導向，深入研究資訊化條件下的作戰特徵、作戰樣式、作戰重心和製勝機理，堅持以作戰需求牽引基礎研究和戰略前沿技術探索，進一步完善科學研究計畫聚焦於備戰打仗等製度機制，同時要緊盯未來作戰對手，準確掌握戰爭形態演變趨勢、世界軍事科技發展趨勢，不斷更新思想觀念，科學籌劃今天的備戰、設計明天的戰爭、制勝未來的戰場。

戰鬥力始終是軍隊興衰成敗的決定性因素，戰鬥力標準是軍隊建立唯一的根本的標準。以資訊科技為核心的高新科技快速發展，戰爭攻防作戰機理的複雜程度發生了前所未有的深刻變化，對於戰鬥力的生成與提升產生了前所未有的深刻影響。因此，必須把自主創新視為戰鬥力生成模式轉變的重要因素、構成要素和實現途徑，善於發現新技術對戰鬥力發展的潛在推動力，在全面實現強軍目標的偉大實踐中促進國防科技創新發展。

為適應打贏資訊化與智慧化戰爭要求，著眼有效履行使命任務，就要堅持自主創新的戰略基點，完善科學研究協同創新機制，打造融合創新平台，全面推進國防科技創新發展。一要把國防科技的薄弱環節作為推進自主創新的主攻方向，同時加大原始性創新力度，著力在一些重要領域和科技前沿掌握關鍵核心技術，努力建構既能使國防科學技術儲備不斷增加、又能使之快速轉化的國防科技創新體系。正確處理重點技術與一般技術、一般技術與專用技術、傳統技術與高新技術的關係，做到統籌兼顧、合理佈局，實現各類技術、各類學科相互支撐、協調發展。二要掌握國防科技創新發展的需求，重點在於解決科技管理體制、需求生成機制、科學研究計畫體係等面向問題，提昇科研整體效益，形成推動自主創新的強大活力。大力推動技術基礎資源軍民共用分享，建立完善軍民標準化協調機制與技術服務機制。三要健全大學、科研院所、企業、政府的科技協同創新政策制度，最大限度發揮各方面的優勢，著力打造融合創新平台，形成推動國防科技協同創新的整體合力。

實施新時代人才強軍策略 讓創造活力競相迸發

推動國防科技創新發展，歸根究底要靠高水準人才，如果沒有強大的國防科技人才隊伍，自主創新就是無源之水、無本之木。因此，必須積極適應國防科技創新發展要求，大力打造體系化、高階的人才培育平台，讓更多高素質、專業化人才競相湧現。

牢固樹立「人才是第一資源」的觀念，堅持把培養人才作為一項重大的政治任務，以識才的慧眼、愛才的真情、聚才的方法、用才的膽略、容才的胸懷，大膽運用戰略科學家，支持青年科技人才挑起大樑、擔重任，不斷壯大科技領軍人才隊伍和一流創新團隊。堅持國防科技重大建設工程和人才建設工程一起抓，在重大工程和重大任務實踐中大膽選拔、使用、錘煉各種人才，培養造就新一代科技帥才和領軍人才，把國防科技和裝備領域打造成國家創新人才的高地、人才成長興業的沃土，形成國防科技人才創造活力競相迸發的鮮明局面。明確國防科技人才的評估方式與標準，完善國防科技人才差異化評估與政策支援機制，建構符合國防科技規律與人才成長規律的評估體系。改革科技管理與人事制度，讓科學研究管理跟上科技創新的步伐，真正為科研人員放開手腳、騰出時間、搭建平台，把科研創新的舞台放心交給他們，讓他們在科研創新中當主角、唱大戲。

科學公平的評估機制對於激勵創新具有根本性的作用。實務證明，任何一個基礎研究領域的重大突破都離不開長期的累積和多次的失敗，這是科學發展的必然規律。因此，在國防科技和武器裝備科學研究生產過程中，既要鼓勵科學研究人員有奇思妙想，也要寬容其在探索實踐中的失敗。提倡各類科學研究計畫的實施不以論文、專利數量為專案目標，著重原創成果的取得，允許一定的失敗比例。對基礎和前沿技術研究實行同行評價，突顯中長期目標導向和原創價值，著力營造激勵創新的公平競爭環境，下大力氣激活國防科技創新發展的「一池春水」。

全面貫徹實施新時代人才強軍戰略，進一步增強人才隊伍建設活力，最大限度激發國防科技人才的創新動力、充分調動他們的積極性、主動性和創造性。遵循高素質、專業化軍事人才成長規律，營造識才愛才敬才用才的環境，制定競爭激勵和崇尚合作相結合的政策制度，促進人才資源有序流動、合理佈局，為地方人才服務國防科技建設搭建好平台，著力形成人盡其才、盡展其才、才盡其用的良好局面。

（作者係軍事科學院系統工程研究院研究員、博士生導師）

(編按：王之鋒、宋美琪)

中國原創軍事資源：

#Information Support Force, #intelligent warfare, #中國太空軍, #中國的耗散戰, #中國軍事人工智慧武器化, #新興戰爭技術, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國軍隊做好戰爭準備, 中國軍隊對耗散戰的戰術運用, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 認知戰

Communist Party of China to Accelerate Transformation of Science and Technology Into Combat Power for China’s Military

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中國共產黨將加速推進科技向軍隊戰鬥力轉化

來源：解放軍報 作者：賀逸舒 邵龍飛等 責任編輯：王鳳 2022-11-02 09:36:33

現代英語：

The Chinese People’s Revolutionary Military Museum is always crowded with visitors. Among the visitors, a young man stood in front of the display board for a long time.

Looking at the picture of a certain type of satellite on the display board of the “New Era National Defense and Army Construction Achievements Exhibition”, Cao Lu, a researcher at the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute of the Academy of Military Science, was full of pride. Looking at the familiar smiling faces in the photos, Cao Lu recalled the time when satellites were being developed.

They once sat in front of their computers late at night, typing away at code, and they also once looked everywhere for interference factors… The bitter memories become sweeter the more they are savored.

“The times are calling us, and the people are expecting us. Only by being resolute and persevering can we live up to the times and the people.” At this moment, Cao Lu read this sentence from the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China again, and his feelings were even more profound. “Fortunately, our generation of young scientific researchers has caught up with a good era! I feel proud to be on the journey of strengthening the army with science and technology.”

The power of youth and the cause of innovation. At the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute of the Academy of Military Science, many young researchers like Cao Lu are brave enough to innovate and endure hardships on the stage of strengthening the military with science and technology, constantly improving the contribution of scientific research results to the growth of combat effectiveness and accelerating the transformation of science and technology into combat effectiveness.

“To thoroughly study, publicize and implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party, specifically for us young scientific researchers, is to throw ourselves into the era of innovation in national defense science and technology, take root in the front line of scientific research, and become good young people of the new era who have ideals, dare to take responsibility, can endure hardships, and are willing to work hard,” said Cao Lu.

Observation sample Academy of Military Science, National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute

Be enterprising and join the era of technological innovation

■Reporters from the People’s Liberation Army Daily: He Yishu, Shao Longfei, correspondents: Ren Fei, Zhang Zhihua

A vast stage opens in front of this group of young people

“The People’s Army has a new system, a new structure, a new pattern and a new look.” After in-depth study of the 20th CPC National Congress report, Zhang Youjun, director of the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute of the Academy of Military Science, was particularly impressed.

The National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute is a newly established unit after the reform and adjustment. In the five years of growing up with the institute, Zhang Youjun has personally experienced the changes in the system, structure, pattern and appearance brought about by the reform.

In January 2018, a group of young people, with an average age of just over 30, gathered from all directions and walked into this scientific research institution that had been officially established for just over three months. Among them were doctors who had studied abroad and returned to China, military academy teachers, and scientific researchers who had been rooted in the front line for a long time.

A grand stage opened in front of this group of young people. However, a brand new stage means brand new challenges.

At the first party congress after the establishment of the institute, they added a special content – a collective viewing of the movie “Out of Nowhere”.

In the silent desert, the sound of countdown rang out softly—5, 4, 3, 2, 1, detonation! A huge mushroom cloud rose up, and the sun-like brilliance illuminated the entire Lop Nur. A group of scientific researchers cheered and rushed down the hillside…

This is a shocking scene in the movie “Out of Nowhere”. “Develop the atomic bomb and stand tall.” General Zhang Aiping once said that the atomic bomb is not a weapon, but a spirit. The epic victory of developing the atomic bomb many years ago still has endless inspiration for today’s scientific researchers.

Since then, watching “Out of the Blue” has become a tradition for the officers and soldiers of the hospital. Wang Xintian, deputy political commissar of the hospital, said with emotion that every time he watches it, he will gain different feelings.

“People who appear out of nowhere should do things that appear out of nowhere.” Every researcher in the institute has his or her own understanding of this sentence.

“I completed the application for my first project in the dormitory I was temporarily borrowing at the time,” recalled young researcher Qiang Xiaogang.

When Qiang Xiaogang woke up in the middle of the night, he seemed to see himself lying on the table in the dormitory staying up all night: the old table, the humming computer, the crisp sound of the keyboard, page after page of reference materials…

At that time, Qiang Xiaogang was working alone. A few years later, from one person to a group of people, the ideas proposed in the project application gradually became a reality.

Only by daring to innovate can you have the joy of dreams coming true. In 2021, China has made another major breakthrough in the field of quantum. According to Xinhua News Agency, researchers have developed the first programmable photonic quantum chip for solving graph theory problems, an important step towards the realization of practical photonic quantum computers. The relevant paper was published in the journal Science Advances, and Qiang Xiaogang “came out of nowhere” as the first author. Now, walking into the laboratory of Qiang Xiaogang’s team again, more results are waiting for further testing.

Back in 2009, Qiang Xiaogang stood at another important crossroads in his life: Should he choose the electronic information field he had studied as an undergraduate, or the cutting-edge but unfamiliar quantum information field? After some thought, he chose a “difficult but more long-term direction.”

Guanghui’s dream originated from the individual but transcended the individual, originated from reality but transcended reality. From his student days to now, on the road of studying quantum technology, Qiang Xiaogang encountered many difficulties, both academic and non-research, but he never backed down.

At the beginning of the establishment of the institute, the leader of the institute said at a meeting: “We call you here not to find a basket to put your past achievements in and continue to work on your own stalls, but to set a common goal and do something big together…”

“What is considered a ‘big deal’?” Qiang Xiaogang kept this question in his mind until October 2020, when he saw a piece of news: The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held its 24th collective study session on the research and application prospects of quantum technology. When presiding over the study session, President Xi Jinping stressed that “we must fully recognize the importance and urgency of promoting the development of quantum technology, strengthen strategic planning and system layout for the development of quantum technology, grasp the general trend, and take the initiative.”

Qiang Xiaogang felt a surge of warmth in his heart. The photonic quantum chip technology he was researching was the cutting-edge direction in the field of quantum technology. He was always calm, but now he was no longer calm: “No matter how hard I try, it’s worth it!”

“What I am doing now is what I want to do. When personal ideals and national interests are combined, no matter how hard the work is, it will not feel hard at all,” said Qiang Xiaogang.

In the eyes of researcher Cao Lu, ideals are born naturally on the road of common struggle. “I hope to perfectly concentrate the work results of my colleagues on a satellite to meet the needs of the country to the greatest extent possible.”

After studying the report of the 20th CPC National Congress, Cao Lu has a clearer view of the future direction. “Chairman Xi proposed that we should focus on original and leading scientific research based on the national strategic needs and resolutely win the battle to tackle key core technologies. We have a mission to fulfill and we have no choice but to do it.”

On October 26, young researchers from the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute of the Academy of Military Science discussed research topics. Photo by Li Yichen

“Innovation requires youth. This era especially needs young people like you”

Inside the institute’s office building, blue light strips on the walls extend all the way forward, leading people to the “Two Bombs and One Satellite” Spiritual Culture Museum at the end of the corridor.

“The genes of a unit determine its future.” Lu Zhoulai, the political commissar of the institute, said that they chose to use the “two bombs and one satellite” spirit to build a solid spiritual foundation for this new team.

Red and blue are the two main colors of this exhibition hall.

Red is the color of loyalty. From the heroes of the “two bombs and one satellite” program to the younger generation of scientific researchers, we can see from them what it means that “each generation has its own mission and responsibility.”

Blue is the symbol of science and technology. Over the past five years, a large number of major scientific research results focusing on war preparation and intelligent technology have emerged, demonstrating the era of this new strategic scientific and technological force.

That year, researcher Yao Wen and several other scientific research backbones visited Academician Sun Jiadong, a founding member of the “Two Bombs and One Satellite”. Academician Sun Jiadong told them: “Innovation requires youth, and this era especially needs young people like you.”

The first generation of founders of the institute felt the same way about Sun Lao’s entrustment and expectations. “What is a founder? It is the half buried in the soil,” said Yin Erwei, an associate researcher.

“With people, there will be things to do. If there are no talents, then we will recruit them.” Yin Erwei and his colleagues boldly tried to quickly build a team by jointly training graduate students. In this way, they have grown from the initial five or six people to the only established team in this field in the entire military. Their research results won the first prize of the first “Innovation Cup” National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Competition of the Military Commission Science and Technology Committee.

In Yin Erwei’s opinion, the rapid development of the team is inseparable from the strong support of the institute’s leaders. The party committee of the institute has a slogan: “We must take the initiative to take responsibility for young people who do things.”

Among the many topics in the research institute, there are some technical problems that cannot be found in books. At this time, we must make a choice whether we dare to explore boldly and whether we can innovate.

“If one day, we at the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute are afraid to innovate, that will be our biggest dereliction of duty.” This statement at the Party Committee plenary session set off a “brain storm” among everyone.

The leaders of the institute took the lead in entering the front line of scientific research, raising scientific research funds from various sources, building laboratories, and purchasing experimental equipment; for some key projects with higher risks, leading cadres and project managers took the lead in signing and taking responsibility on the spot; for major activities that require coordination of external resources, leading cadres personally come forward to “cheer up” the scientific researchers.

At that time, in order to apply for scientific research projects, Yin Erwei led the team to stay up many nights with bright lights.

As he led his team to go further and further, Yin Erwei gradually realized that “happiness actually comes from the passion and belief in doing things and starting a business.”

Associate researcher Guo Pengyu spends nearly two-thirds of the year on business trips, and his wife raises their two children and two elderly parents alone; assistant researcher Zhang Fei gave up his research field that he had been deeply involved in for many years for the overall goal of the team, and is considered by his colleagues to be a person who is “not picky about work.”

“Living in an unprecedented great era, we need to strengthen our responsibilities, work hard, forge ahead with determination, and seize the commanding heights of future military science and technology competition.” Yin Erwei said confidently, “Under the guidance of the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party, my comrades and I will inject our youthful wisdom into military scientific research innovation.”

“Screws must be able to withstand the loneliness of time, and also have a sense of urgency when tightened at all times.”

It was midnight, and everything was silent. In the corridor of the office building of the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute, a few beams of light shone through the cracks in the office door.

Inside the house, it is another world. The sound of keyboards tapping is heard constantly, and a group of young people sit quietly in front of their computers, immersed in the world of “0” and “1” they created.

This scene is normal for this group of young researchers. Perhaps, in the eyes of others, working overtime day and night is very hard. However, for assistant researcher Chen Renzhi, the physical pain cannot be called pain.

Chen Renzhi was deeply impressed by the words of a philosopher: “People are dominated by desires. If desires are not satisfied, they are painful. If they are satisfied, they are boring. Life is like a pendulum swinging between pain and boredom.”

In the field of Chen Renzhi’s research, it often takes a long time to see results. “Before breaking ground, no one knows how well they are doing,” Chen Renzhi said.

The answer will be revealed during the finished product verification. If the verification goes well, it is a success; if it does not go well, the hard work of several months will be wasted. However, this field must move forward without stopping, and there is no day to stop. Therefore, Chen Renzhi fell into an endless cycle of “struggling for several months, being happy for two days, and continuing to struggle.”

“The most frustrating thing is that no one knows what you do, even your colleagues next to you don’t know what you are busy with. Sometimes, when you want to share your achievements with others, no one understands, so you can only rub your nose and go back to work,” said Chen Renzhi.

In this huge project, each researcher is just a screw. “Screws must be able to withstand the loneliness of time and have a sense of urgency at all times.”

At first, Chen Renzhi did not realize the deep meaning behind this sentence. As his research in this field continued to deepen, Chen Renzhi realized more and more clearly that this sense of urgency was becoming the driving force that drove him and his comrades to move forward faster.

“We are making progress, and our opponents have not stopped either. Our advantage is that we keep moving in the right direction of Chinese-style modernization.” After in-depth study of the report of the 20th CPC National Congress, Chen Renzhi has more confidence in the next step of tackling key problems. “The report of the 20th CPC National Congress has drawn up a grand blueprint for us. We must aim at independent innovation in the frontier areas of military science and technology and contribute our own strength to achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.”

Young researchers from the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute of the Academy of Military Science work in the laboratory. Photo by Si Yuqi

Although we have different positions, we share the same goal.

From college to the military, Assistant Researcher Zuo Yuan often uses the word “implementation” in his scientific research. “To use the words in the report of the 20th CPC National Congress, it means accelerating the transformation of science and technology into combat effectiveness,” he said.

When he first started working, whenever a soldier asked Zuo Yuan, “How do you use this new equipment you developed?” Zuo Yuan would always simply reply, “You’ll know after you use it.”

Gradually, when Zuo Yuan used the new equipment himself, he found that there was a long distance between “usable in theory” to “usable in actual combat” and then to “effective on the battlefield”.

Talking about his own naivety in the past, the dark-complexioned young man smiled somewhat embarrassedly.

Going to plateaus, islands, jungles, and deserts… Over the years, Zuo Yuan has always been on the front line of the army. “We must go to the army to do scientific research!” Zuo Yuan was deeply touched by his several visits to the army. “The combat concepts of the front-line soldiers are more advanced than we thought. They have more say in whether the new equipment is easy to use.”

Military scientific research results must serve actual combat training. In July this year, Zuo Yuan followed the team to the plateau to participate in actual military training. If he had not come to the front line of the troops, he would never have thought that the first thing to adjust was not the new equipment itself, but the control equipment. The exchanges and collisions with the front-line officers and soldiers gave the researchers new directions and ideas for the research and development of new equipment in the future.

On the plateau, Zuo Yuan once helped medical researchers collect blood oxygen data from soldiers. “Do you know what the hands of soldiers on the plateau look like?” Zuo Yuan stretched out his own hands and gestured to the hands of his comrades on the plateau. “The roots of the nails are sunken, the nail surface is straight without any curve, and the fingers are rough as if they have been planted for decades.”

At that moment, Zuo Yuan realized that while he was sitting in a bright and clean office typing code every day, there was a group of young comrades who were breathing thin oxygen, holding guns in both hands, exposed to strong ultraviolet rays, and building a living monument with their flesh and blood.

Holding the hands of his border defense comrades tightly, Zuo Yuan developed a sense of responsibility to “do more for them.”

“Although we are in different positions, we share the same goal. We hope that through our efforts in scientific research we can help them solve more practical problems.” This feeling of gratitude and responsibility has become the driving force that supports young scientific researchers in overcoming difficulties.

In order to implement the concept of scientific research for combat and serving the troops from the “first kilometer” to the “last kilometer” of scientific research, the Institute organizes its forces to conduct regular in-depth research on the front lines of combat troops, so that the results of military scientific research can truly reach the training ground and actual combat.

Due to long-term work on the front line of the army, “others joke that we are a group of ‘anti-migratory birds’ – in order to do experiments, we run north in winter and south in summer,” said associate researcher Nie Yiming.

During the Mid-Autumn Festival last year, Nie Yiming and his team were conducting experiments in a remote desert. The leaders of the institute came to visit them, but due to limited conditions, they could only buy a few kilograms of steamed buns in the nearest county town and bring them over.

“After the experiment was successful, we sat together, eating buns and admiring the bright moon over the Gobi Desert. The moon that night was especially round.” Thinking of that scene, Nie Yiming had endless aftertastes.

“Through in-depth study of the report to the 20th CPC National Congress, I have come to a deeper understanding that only by going deep into the front lines of the troops, working hard, constantly learning and improving, expanding our capabilities, and upgrading our skills, can scientific research make new contributions to the formation of new qualities of combat effectiveness in new domains.” This is the voice of Nie Yiming, and it is also the consensus and direction of efforts of many young scientific researchers in the institute.

【Sharp Viewpoint】

Taking on the responsibility of innovation with the power of youth

■Lu Zhoulai

In his report to the 20th CPC National Congress, Chairman Xi Jinping pointed out that we must insist that science and technology are the primary productive force, talent is the primary resource, and innovation is the primary driving force.

Science and technology are the most active and revolutionary factors in military development. Scientific and technological innovation has become the main battlefield for strategic games between major powers, profoundly affecting national security and the overall military strategy. To promote high-quality development of national defense and military construction, we must accelerate the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, and focus on original and leading scientific and technological research based on national strategic needs. We must resolutely win the battle to tackle key core technologies and significantly increase the contribution of scientific and technological innovation to the growth of combat effectiveness.

Five years ago, following the vigorous pace of reform and strengthening the military, and shouldering the sacred mission of strengthening the military through science and technology, the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute of the Academy of Military Science came into being: with the lofty ambition of “doing earth-shaking things”, aiming at the forefront of world science and technology, focusing on the urgent needs of future wars, and making deep plans to balance the powerful enemy’s advantage, it has forward-looking arrangements for a series of scientific research directions such as artificial intelligence, unmanned systems, and cutting-edge intersections. This can be said to be in line with the creation of the “two bombs and one satellite” cause that year.

Great undertakings require great spiritual nourishment, and the first driving force requires the first resource drive. More than 60 years ago, a large number of young scientific researchers, including Deng Jiaxian, Zhu Guangya, Yu Min, Sun Jiadong, and Zhou Guangzhao, with their broad love for the motherland and selfless dedication, their determination and hard work to be self-reliant, and their innovative spirit of strong collaboration and courage to climb, firmly took on the responsibility of national defense science and technology innovation and created the world-renowned “two bombs and one satellite” cause. Inspired by the cause of building a strong military in the new era, a large number of outstanding young people with an average age of only 30 years old and doctoral degrees from prestigious universities have gathered at the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Institute. They have overcome difficulties along the way, focused on key breakthroughs, worked tirelessly to accelerate the advancement of scientific and technological self-reliance, and shed their youthful sweat, demonstrated their youthful strength, and demonstrated their youthful responsibility in innovation and transcendence.

Innovation is endless, and it is time to strive. At present, the world is undergoing a major change that has not been seen in a century, and a new round of scientific and technological revolution and military revolution is changing with each passing day. Facing changes in science and technology, changes in war, and changes in opponents, as an emerging scientific research force full of youthful vitality, the mission of establishing for the country and conducting research for war is extremely glorious, and the stage for striving for youth and pursuing the dream of a strong army is extremely broad. Striving to seize the commanding heights of national defense science and technology innovation and resolutely winning the battle to overcome key core technologies are always realistic issues that we must face and the heavy responsibility of the times that we must shoulder.

President Xi stressed that we should build a large-scale team of young scientific and technological talents, put the policy focus of cultivating national strategic talent on young scientific and technological talents, and support young talents to take the lead and play the leading role. President Xi’s important instructions deeply reveal the growth law of young scientific and technological talents and clearly indicate the direction of scientific and technological talent training. We will bear in mind President Xi’s entrustment, the trust of the Party and the people, vigorously promote the spirit of “two bombs and one satellite” and the spirit of scientists in the new era, and strive to cultivate and train young scientific and technological talents with ideals, courage, hard work and hard work, and bravely take on the responsibility of innovation with the power of youth, so that more new talents can take the lead and play the leading role in more and larger positions and platforms, and use practical actions to learn, publicize and implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party

現代國語：

中國人民革命軍事博物館，觀展的人絡繹不絕。來來往往的觀眾中，一個年輕的身影在展板前隊列許久。

注視著「新時代國防與軍隊建設成就展」展板上某型衛星的圖片，軍事科學院國防科技創新研究院研究員曹璐的眼裡充滿自豪。看著照片中一張張帶著微笑的熟悉面龐，曹璐想起了研製衛星的那段時光——

他們曾大半夜蓬頭垢面坐在電腦前敲著代碼，也曾四處尋找幹擾因素……記憶中的苦，越品越覺得甘甜。

「時代呼喚著我們，人民期待著我們，唯有矢志不渝、篤行不怠，方能不負時代、不負人民。」此時此刻，再次品讀黨的二十大報告中這句話，曹璐的感受更為深刻，“很幸運，我們這代青年科研人員趕上了一個好時代！奮進在科技強軍征途上，我倍感驕傲自豪。”

青春的力量，創新的事業。在軍事科學院國防科技創新研究院，許許多多和曹璐一樣的年輕科研人員，在科技強軍的舞台上勇於創新、甘於吃苦，不斷提昇科研成果對戰鬥力增長的貢獻率，加速科技向戰鬥力轉化。

「深入學習宣傳貫徹黨的二十大精神，具體到我們青年科研人員來說，就是要投身國防科技創新的時代洪流，紮根科研一線，做有理想、敢擔當、能吃苦、肯奮鬥的新時代好青年。

觀察樣本 軍事科學學院國防科技創新研究院

銳意進取，投身科技創新時代洪流

■解放軍報記者 賀逸舒 邵龍飛 通訊員 任飛 張志華

廣闊的舞台，在這群年輕人面前拉開布

「人民軍隊體制一新、結構一新、格局一新、面貌一新。」深入學習黨的二十大報告，軍事科學院國防科技創新研究院院長張擁軍感觸尤為深刻——

國防科技創新研究院，是改革調整後新成立的單位。跟隨研究院共同成長的這5年，張擁軍親身經歷了改革帶來的體制、結構、格局和麵貌變化。

2018年1月，一群平均年齡30歲出頭的年輕人，從四面八方匯聚到一起，走進這個正式掛牌成立僅3個多月的科研機構。他們中有留學歸國的博士，有教書育人的軍校教員，也有長期紮根一線的科研人員。

廣闊的舞台，在這群年輕人面前拉開布。然而，全新的舞台，意味著全新的挑戰。

建院後第一次黨代會，他們增加了一項專門內容——集體組織觀賞電影《橫空出世》。

寂靜的荒漠，讀秒的聲音輕輕響起－－5、4、3、2、1，起爆！巨大的蘑菇雲升騰而起，太陽般的光輝照亮了整個羅布泊，一群科研人員歡呼著從山坡上一擁而下…

這是電影《橫空出世》中震撼人心的一個畫面。 「搞出原子彈、挺直腰桿。」張愛萍將軍曾說，原子彈不是武器，是一種精神。多年前研發原子彈的勝利史詩，對今天的科學研究人員仍有無盡的啟示。

從那以後，觀看《橫空出世》成為該院官兵的傳統。該院副政委王欣田感慨地說，每看一次，都會收獲不同的感動。

「『橫空出世』的人，就要乾『橫空出世』的事。」研究院每名科學研究人員對這句話都有著自己不同的領悟。

「我第一個項目的申請書，還是在當時臨時借用的宿舍裡完成的。」青年研究員強曉剛回憶。

午夜夢回，強曉剛彷彿又看到自己趴在宿舍桌上熬夜的情景：陳舊的桌子，嗡嗡作響的電腦，清脆的鍵盤聲，一頁又一頁的參考資料…

那時，強曉剛是單身一人攻關。幾年過去，從一個人到一群人，項目申請書中提出的構想，逐漸變成現實。

敢於創新，才能擁有夢想成真的喜悅。 2021年，中國在量子領域迎來了另一個重大突破。據新華社報道，研究人員研發出了首款面向圖論問題求解的可編程光量子晶片，邁出了實現實用化光量子計算機的重要一步。相關論文在《科學進展》期刊發表，強曉剛以第一作者的身份「橫空出世」。如今，再次走進強曉剛團隊的實驗室，更多成果等待進一步測試。

時間撥回2009年，強曉剛站在了人生又一個重要的路口前：研究生是選擇本科時的電子資訊方向，還是選擇前沿但陌生的量子資訊方向？經過一番思考，他選擇了一個「雖然充滿困難，但更為長遠的方向」。

光輝的夢想，萌生於個體而又超越了個體，來源於現實而又超越了現實。從學生時代到現在，在鑽研量子技術的道路上，強曉剛遇到了許多困難，有學術上的，也有研究之外的，但他從未退縮。

建院之初，研究院領導在一次會上說：「把你們召集來，不是找個籃子把你們過去的成果裝上，繼續忙自己那一攤，而是要樹個共同目標，一起乾點大事……”

「什麼才算『大事』？」這個問題，強曉剛埋在了心裡。直到2020年10月，他看到一則新聞：中共中央政治局就量子科技研究和應用前景舉行第二十四次集體學習。習主席在主持學習時強調，“要充分認識推動量子科技發展的重要性和緊迫性，加強量子科技發展戰略謀劃和系統佈局，把握大趨勢，下好先手棋。”

強曉剛心中湧起一股熱流。他所研究的光量子晶片技術，正是量子科技領域的前沿方向。向來淡定的他這下子也不淡定了：“再怎麼拼，也值！”

「我現在做的，都是我想做的事。當個人的理想和國家利益結合在一起，再苦也不會覺得苦。」強曉剛說。

在研究員曹璐看來，理想是在共同奮鬥的道路上自然而然誕生的。 “我希望，可以把同事們的工作成果完美地集中在一顆衛星上，最大限度地滿足國家的需求。”

深入學習黨的二十大報告，曹璐愈發明晰了未來的方向。 「習主席提出，以國家戰略需求為導向，集聚力量進行原創性引領性科技攻關，堅決打贏關鍵核心技術攻堅戰。我們使命在肩，義不容辭。”

10月26日，軍事科學院國防科技創新研究院的青年科學研究人員探討科研課題。李奕辰 攝

“創新就要年輕，這個時代尤其需要你們這些年輕人”

研究院辦公樓內，牆上藍色的燈帶一路向前延伸，將人引向走廊盡頭的「兩彈一星」精神文化館。

「一支部隊的基因，決定了一支部隊的未來。」該院政委盧週來說，他們選擇用「兩彈一星」精神，為這支新隊伍構築起堅實的精神根基。

紅色與藍色，是這個展館的兩種主色。

紅色，是忠誠的寫照。從「兩彈一星」元勳到年輕一代科研人員，從他們身上可以看到，什麼是「一代人有一代人的使命，一代有一代人的擔當」。

藍色，是科技的象徵。 5年間，一大批聚焦備戰打仗、瞄準智慧科技的重大科研成果噴湧而出，展現了這支新型戰略科技力量的時代擔當。

那一年，研究員姚雯跟其他幾名科研骨幹一起拜訪「兩彈一星」元勳孫家棟院士。孫家棟院士對他們說：“創新就要年輕，這個時代尤其需要你們這些年輕人。”

研究院的第一代創業者，對孫老的囑託和期望感同身受。 「奠基人是什麼？就是埋在土裡那半截。」副研究員印二威說。

「有人，才有事。沒有人才，那我們就去吸納人才。」印二威和同事大膽嘗試，採用聯合培養研究生的方式，快速組建團隊。就這樣，他們從最初的五、六個人，發展到如今成為全軍該領域唯一一支成建制的團隊，研究成果獲得軍委科技委首屆「創新盃」國防科技創新大賽一等獎等獎項。

在印二威看來，團隊的快速發展，離不開院領導的大力支持。研究院黨委有句口號：“要主動為幹事的青年人擔責。”

研究院的眾多課題中，有些技術難題，書本上是找不到答案的。這個時候，敢不敢大膽探索，能不能有所創新，必須做出選擇。

「如果有一天，我們國防科技創新研究院都不敢創新了，那是我們最大的失職。」黨委全會上的一句話，掀起了大家的「頭腦風暴」。

研究院領導帶頭走進科研一線，多方籌措科研經費，修建實驗室，購置實驗設備；一些風險較高的重點項目，領導幹部和項目負責人帶頭簽字，現場擔責；需要協調外部資源的重大活動，領導幹部親自出面，為科研人員「打氣」。

那時候，為了申請科學研究項目，印二威帶領團隊不知熬了多少個燈火通明的夜晚。

帶領自己的團隊越走越遠，印二威逐漸體會到：“幸福感，其實就是來自幹事創業的激情和信仰。”

副研究員郭鵬宇，一年裡有近三分之二時間都在外出差，他的愛人獨自帶著兩個孩子和兩位老人撐起了家；助理研究員張飛，為了團隊的整體目標，放棄了自己深耕多年的研究領域，是同事們眼中「不挑活兒」的人。

「身處前所未有的偉大時代，更需要我們強化擔當，奮發作為，銳意進取，搶佔未來軍事科技競爭的製高點。」印二威信心滿懷地說，「在黨的二十大精神指引下，我和戰友們將把青春智慧融注到軍事科研創新中。

“螺絲釘，既要耐得住時間的寂寞，還要有時時擰緊的緊迫感”

子夜，萬籟俱寂。國防科技創新研究院辦公大樓走廊內，幾束光從辦公室緊閉的門縫中鑽出來。

屋內，是另一個世界。鍵盤的敲擊聲不絕於耳，一群年輕人安靜地坐在電腦前，沉浸在自己創造的「0」與「1」的世界。

這樣的場景，對這群年輕的研究人員來說已是常態。或許，在別人看來，夜以繼日地加班十分辛苦。然而，對助理研究員陳任之來說，身體上的苦，並不能稱之為苦。

陳任之對一位哲學家的話印象深刻：“人受慾望支配，慾望不滿足就痛苦，滿足了就無聊，人生如同鐘擺在痛苦和無聊之間搖擺。”

陳任之研究的領域，往往需要漫長等待才能看見成果。 「在沒有破土之前，誰也不知道自己做得怎麼樣。」陳任之說。

答案，會在成品驗證時揭曉。驗證順利，就是成功；不順利，幾個月的辛苦就付諸東流。而這個領域偏偏必須馬不停蹄地前進，永遠沒有能停下腳步的一天。於是，陳任之陷入了「奮鬥幾個月、開心兩天、繼續奮鬥」的無限循環。

「最鬱悶的是，沒人知道你幹什麼，就連隔壁同事都不清楚你在忙什麼。有時候，想和別人分享成就，也沒有人理解，只能摸摸鼻子，回去繼續幹。」陳任之說。

在這個巨大的工程裡，每位研究人員只是一顆螺絲釘。 “螺絲釘，既要耐得住時間的寂寞，還要有時時擰緊的緊迫感。”

一開始，陳任之並沒有體味到這句話背後的深意。隨著在這一領域研究不斷加深，陳任之愈發清醒地體會到，這種緊迫感正成為驅動他和戰友們加速前進的動力。

「我們在進步，對手也沒有停下來。我們的優勢就是沿著中國式現代化的正確方向不斷走下去。」 深入學習黨的二十大報告，陳任之對下一步的攻關更有信心了， “黨的二十大報告為我們擘畫出了宏偉藍圖，我們要瞄準軍事科技前沿領域自主創新，為實現高水平科技自立自強貢獻自己的力量。”

軍事科學院國防科技創新研究院青年科研人員在實驗室工作。司玉祺 攝

雖然戰位不同，但我們奮鬥的目標一致

從大學校園到步入部隊，助理研究員左源在科學研究工作中常用的一個字是「落地」。 「用黨的二十大報告裡面的話，就是加速科技向戰鬥力轉化。」他說。

工作之初，每逢有部隊官兵問左源：“你們研發的這個新裝備怎麼用？”左源總是簡單地回復一句：“你用一下就知道了。”

漸漸地，當左源自己實地使用新裝備時才發現，從“理論上能用”到“實戰中能用”再到“戰場上好用”，中間隔著很長一段距離。

談到自己當初的幼稚，這個臉色黝黑的年輕人有些不好意思地笑了。

上高原，下海島，闖密林，踏戈壁……這些年來，左源始終奔波於部隊一線。 「我們做科研，一定要到部隊去！」幾次下部隊的經歷，讓左源感觸頗深，「一線部隊官兵的作戰理念，比我們想像中更先進。新裝備好不好用，他們更有話語權。

軍事科研成果必須服務演訓實戰。今年7月，左源跟隨團隊前往高原參加實兵演練。如果不是來到部隊一線，他根本想不到，首先要調整的並非新裝備本身，而是操控設備。與一線官兵的交流碰撞，讓科學研究人員對未來新式裝備的研發有了新的方向與想法。

在高原上，左源曾幫醫學研究人員收集過官兵們的血氧數據。 「你知道高原官兵的手，是什麼樣子的嗎？」說著，左源伸出自己的雙手，比畫著高原上戰友們手的樣子，「指甲根部下陷，甲面平直沒有絲毫弧度，手指粗糙得像種了幾十年地。

那一刻，左源意識到，當他日常坐在窗明幾淨的辦公室敲著代碼時，有這樣一群年輕的戰友，呼吸著微薄的氧氣，雙手持槍暴露在強烈的紫外線中，用血肉之軀築就活的界碑。

緊緊握住邊防戰友們的手，左源產生了一種「想多為他們做些什麼」的責任。

「雖然戰位不同，但我們奮鬥的目標一致。希望透過我們在科研上的努力為他們解決更多實際問題。」這份感動與責任，化為支撐青年科研人員不斷攻堅克難的動力。

為了把科研為戰、服務部隊的理念從科研“最初一公裡”貫注到“最後一公裡”，研究院組織力量常態化深入作戰部隊一線調研，讓軍事科研成果真正走向演訓場、走向實戰。

由於長期奔波在部隊一線，「別人開玩笑說，我們是一群『反候鳥』——為了做實驗，冬天往北跑，夏天往南跑。」副研究員聶一鳴說。

去年中秋節，聶一鳴和團隊正在偏僻的沙漠裡做實驗。研究院領導來慰問，條件有限，只能在最近的縣城買了幾斤包子帶過去。

「實驗成功後，我們圍坐一起，吃著包子，賞著戈壁灘上的明月。那晚的月亮，特別圓。」想起那一幕，聶一鳴回味無窮。

「深入學習黨的二十大報告，我更深切體會到，只有深入部隊一線，埋頭苦幹，不斷學習提高、能力擴容、本領升級，才能使科研工作在新域新質戰鬥力生成上有新的作為。

【銳視點】

以青春之力勇擔創新之責

■盧週來

習主席在黨的二十大報告中深刻指出，必須堅持科技是第一生產力、人才是第一資源、創新是第一動力。

科學技術是軍事發展中最活躍、最具革命性的因素。科技創新成為大國戰略博弈的主戰場，深刻影響國家安全和軍事戰略全局。推動國防和軍隊建設高質量發展，必須加快實施創新驅動發展戰略，加快實現高水平科技自立自強，以國家戰略需求為導向，集聚力量進行原創性引領性科技攻關，堅決打贏關鍵核心技術攻堅戰，大幅提昇科技創新對戰鬥力成長的貢獻率。

5年前，伴隨改革強軍鏗鏘步伐，肩負科技強軍神聖使命，軍事科學院國防科技創新研究院應運而生：胸懷「幹驚天動地事」的遠大志向，瞄準世界科技前沿，聚焦未來戰爭急需，深謀制衡強敵勝勢，前瞻佈局人工智慧、無人系統、前緣交叉等一系列科研方向，與當年開創「兩彈一星」事業可謂一脈相承。

偉大事業需要偉大精神滋養，第一動力需要第一資源驅動。 60多年前，鄧農先、朱光亞、於敏、孫家棟、周光召等一大批年輕科研工作者，以熱愛祖國、無私奉獻的博大情懷，以自力更生、艱苦奮鬥的決心乾勁，以大力協同、勇於登攀的創新銳氣，堅定扛起國防科技創新的責任擔當，開創了舉世矚目的「兩彈一星」事業。在新時代強軍事業感召下，一大批平均年齡僅有30多歲、具有名校博士學歷的優秀青年集聚國防科技創新研究院，一路攻堅克難，聚力攻關突破，為加快推進科技自立自強不懈奮鬥，在創新超越中揮灑青春汗水、展現青春力量、彰顯青春擔當。

創新永無止境，奮鬥正當其時。當前，世界百年未有之大變局正在加速演變，新一輪科技革命和軍事革命日新月異。面對科技之變、戰爭之變、對手之變，作為一支充滿青春活力的新興科研力量，為國而立、因戰而研的使命無比榮光，奮鬥青春、逐夢強軍的舞台無比廣闊。奮力搶佔國防科技創新制高點，堅決打贏關鍵核心技術攻堅戰，始終是我們必須直面的現實課題、必須扛起的時代重任。

習主席強調，要造就規模宏大的青年科技人才隊伍，把培養國家戰略人才力量的政策重點放在青年科技人才上，支持青年人才挑大樑、當主角。習主席的重要指示，深刻揭示了青年科技人才成長規律，鮮明標示了科技人才培養方向。我們將牢記習主席囑托，牢記黨和人民重托，大力弘揚「兩彈一星」精神、新時代科學家精神，致力培養鍛造有理想、敢擔當、能吃苦、肯奮鬥的青年科技人才，以青春之力勇擔創新之責，讓更多新銳英才在更多更大的崗位平台挑大樑、當主角，用實際行動學習宣傳貫徹黨的二十大精神。

中國原創軍事資源：http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/gfjy_index/4924882.html

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How Can Chinese Military Research Institutes Achieve “accelerated” Innovation in National Defense Science and Technology?

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中國軍事科學研究院所如何實現國防科技創新「加速」?

現代英語：

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution is accelerating, and emerging fields such as space and the Internet will become the focus of future competition. The rapid development of science and technology, the ever-changing weapons and equipment and combat methods have put forward new requirements for military research institutes to conduct full-domain battlefield research.

Standing at the forefront of the times, how can military research institutes promote the implementation of the national defense science and technology innovation strategy and transform scientific research results into real combat effectiveness? How can we achieve the transition from “squatting to running” to “jumping” in scientific and technological innovation and achieve “acceleration” in scientific and technological innovation? Please read the news investigation brought by the PLA Daily reporter from the National Defense Engineering Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences.

Defense Science and Technology Innovation: Forging a Powerful Engine to Enhance National Defense Strength

■China National Defense News reporter Pan Di and special correspondent Zhao Jie

At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and military revolution is accelerating, and emerging fields such as space and the Internet will become the focus of future competition. The rapid development of science and technology, the ever-changing weapons and equipment and combat methods have put forward new requirements for military research institutes to conduct full-domain battlefield research.

President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation and vigorously improve the ability of independent innovation in national defense science and technology when attending the plenary meeting of the PLA and armed police delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress. Standing at the forefront of the times, how can military research institutes promote the implementation of national defense science and technology innovation strategies and transform scientific research results into real combat effectiveness? How can we achieve the transition from “squatting to running” to “jumping” in scientific and technological innovation and achieve “acceleration” in scientific and technological innovation? Please see the news investigation brought by reporters from the National Defense Engineering Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences.

Research direction——

We must work hard to study and strive for the future, and never lose our ambition

In late March, at a research institute of the National Defense Engineering Research Institute, researchers who had completed the experimental content of a project were busy collecting, organizing and analyzing data, which also meant that a forward-looking topic they had been studying had entered the finalization stage.

A few years ago, when the concept of a certain type of weapon was just proposed, researchers were keenly aware that with the continuous development of science and technology, once this type of weapon breaks through the technical barriers and is successfully developed, it will bring new challenges to the construction of national defense projects. Time waits for no one, and they have planned in detail the research direction of the subject and the key issues that need to be solved in combination with the current status of my country’s national defense projects. Today, the project team has basically mastered the damage effect of a certain new type of weapon on the target, and has proposed a new protection concept accordingly.

The successful completion of the project stems from the accurate aiming of the scientific research target, and the establishment of the scientific research direction is due to the keen insight and foresight of the scientific research team. This kind of forward-looking research is not an isolated case in the institute.

Engineer Han Yu recalled that as early as the 1980s, the research staff of the institute proposed the research direction of information warfare in the future war based on the development trend of warfare. After extensive data collection, investigation and understanding of the situation, and analysis of research rules, they outlined a forward-looking development blueprint for this research direction.

Thanks to the long-term research accumulation on informationized combat styles, after the institute formally established the relevant protection research laboratory last year, the laboratory’s researchers have been advancing related scientific research topics in an orderly and intensive manner.

The application and research cycle of a project is long, ranging from a few years to more than ten years, or even longer. If the research topic lacks foresight, the scientific research direction is not closely connected to the battlefield, and the results are difficult to help improve the combat effectiveness of the troops, it will inevitably cause a waste of manpower and material resources. In response to this situation, the institute clearly requires: “For research topics related to national defense projects, if they are not practical and forward-looking, they will not be allowed to be established.”

“Our research results usually have to be tested in the training ground, and the opinions and suggestions from the troops are summarized and collected on the feedback form, which provides an important reference basis for the next step of scientific research.” Wang Mingzhe, an engineer who is about to visit a certain test site, told reporters that in order to make the research topics stand the test of future wars, the researchers of the institute often go to plateaus and islands, and travel all over the country to investigate, inspect and demonstrate.

A few years ago, when conducting research in the army, researchers discovered that the camouflage cloth used by a brigade during a live-fire exercise was not conducive to camouflage and cover in special terrain. In response to the problem, researchers quickly organized a research project and designed a new information-based shielding system and cloth, making battlefield laying more convenient, faster, more confusing and concealed.

“When attending the plenary meeting of the People’s Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi stressed the need to pay close attention to the development trends of world military technology and weaponry. Indeed, conducting scientific research is like fighting a war. Only with a forward-looking vision can we win the commanding heights in overcoming difficult problems and seize the initiative for victory.” Speaking of the institute’s project approval standards, researcher Liu Ruichao said with emotion that scientific research in the field of national defense engineering must conform to the latest trends in combat styles and weapon development, and take one step ahead while being down-to-earth.

Scientific research talents——

How can the water be so clear? Because it comes from a source of fresh water.

“Look, these are the cracks that appeared after treatment…” On the afternoon of March 13, a laboratory of the institute was occasionally filled with the sound of machines roaring and explanations of experimental content.

In the laboratory, the reporter saw a soldier with gray hair in military uniform. Researcher Chen Anmin told the reporter that the old man was Gu Jincai, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the voice just heard outside the door was Academician Gu explaining the experiment content to the young backbone.

As an academician, the scientific research tasks are already very busy and there is no need for him to always be on the front line. However, Academician Gu, who is already 80 years old, still insists on patiently and meticulously teaching his apprentices and leading the team.

“Academician Gu and his group of veteran comrades have been working on the front line since the establishment of the unit, providing hands-on training and guidance to scientific researchers. I am especially grateful to the predecessors for their guidance and support in getting to where I am today.” Engineer Ma Dongliang is deeply impressed by the good atmosphere of the institute.

In 2009, Ma Dongliang was assigned to a research institute in the Central Plains. As a new employee, Ma Dongliang, who had not yet understood the content of his job, thought he would be assigned to do some “odd jobs” such as organizing documents. What he did not expect was that he was entrusted with an important task as soon as he arrived at the unit and participated in a major protection research project throughout the process.

“The project team is full of teachers with many books, and I, a ‘rookie’, can complete the project tasks?” Ma Dongliang recalled that he was both excited and terrified at the time. After working in the institute for a long time, he learned that the institute would formulate a capacity improvement plan for each key talent, formulate a targeted training plan for those with development potential, and cultivate a team of key talents through job training, sending students to study, cooperation and exchange, etc.

At the 2017 National Science and Technology Awards Commendation Conference, the project in which Ma Dongliang participated won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. What surprised him was that the project leader put him in the position of the seventh author after considering everyone’s contribution, which is not only an honor but also a spur and encouragement for young researchers.

“My contribution to scientific research has not been ignored just because I am young. This is also an important reason why our young backbones stay here to concentrate on scientific research. The evaluation of awards focuses on professional ability and contribution. When evaluating and adjusting positions, it is not based on awards or achievements, but on comprehensive evaluation.” Ma Dongliang told reporters that he is currently working on four projects at the same time, working more than 10 hours a day, and working overtime on weekends is the norm. As he said, this fair competition method and evaluation mechanism make them “excited” and “energized” to do scientific research here.

Like Ma Dongliang, there are many young backbones born in the 1980s who like the talent training atmosphere of the institute and engage in scientific research and have achieved success and development. Some have become senior engineers, and some have served as laboratory leaders. A large number of scientific research backbones have grown rapidly here.

Research conditions——

The phoenix will come to roost when the phoenix tree is lush and leafy.

If information technology is the “multiplier” of combat effectiveness, then scientific research conditions are the “incubator” that gives birth to innovative results.

During the interview at the research institute, the reporter found that the place where the researchers spent the longest time was the test site.

At a test site of the institute, the reporter met Associate Researcher Xu Xiangyun who was preparing the test content. He told the reporter that each research room has several laboratories or test sites built according to the needs of scientific research projects. In addition to purchasing local mature technology products, most of the equipment is independently developed. A new type of test equipment next to him was developed and put into use last year.

At the end of 2012, a new type of weapon was released abroad. According to information obtained by scientific and technological personnel, its attack performance and its destructiveness to protective projects are astonishing, and it is likely to cause many protective projects to lose their due effectiveness.

As it concerns the safety of national defense projects, researchers need to find out the relevant performance of this type of weapon as soon as possible, and to obtain the most accurate information, they need to conduct relevant tests. Because it is a new type of weapon, there is no alternative test method in China, and it often takes 3 years or even longer to apply for the development of test equipment. This practical problem made the researchers of the institute frown. What should they do?

“A special research team composed of academicians and experts will be established to work together to overcome difficulties.” After the researchers reported the situation, the institute also invited experts in related fields from all over the country to discuss the matter. After multiple scientific discussions, they immediately decided to start the development of the test equipment as soon as possible.

In 2015, the Institute developed a certain type of test equipment when most similar test equipment in China could only be used in a fixed manner. With the test equipment, the research team quickly began to apply for a certain evaluation test project. Today, the research team has successfully conducted tests such as weapon power research and target damage, and has proposed new protection concepts and structures accordingly.

“Today, a big challenge facing military research institutions is how to fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and innovation of researchers. We must try our best to provide researchers with advanced research conditions in a timely manner to ensure innovative research.” said the leader of the institute. In recent years, they have successively built an engineering comprehensive demonstration environment laboratory with an area of ​​more than 1,000 square meters and more than 200 sets of equipment and software, as well as dynamic and static load test platforms.

If you want to do your work well, you must first sharpen your tools. At present, while continuing to implement the tasks of scientific research conditions construction, the institute focuses on the current situation at home and abroad and the development trend of related majors, actively plans new scientific research conditions construction projects, and promotes the application of the “Major Underground Engineering Safety” National Key Laboratory. A project aimed at the protection technology research of the world’s cutting-edge weapons will be carried out in the newly built simulation test center…

Accelerate national defense science and technology innovation

■Weidong

At the plenary meeting of the PLA and Armed Police Force delegation at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, President Xi Jinping stressed the need to strengthen national defense science and technology innovation, accelerate the construction of a military-civilian integration innovation system, and vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of national defense science and technology. This important thought profoundly reveals the objective laws of national defense science and technology development and points out the direction for the prosperity and development of modern military science.

In recent years, as the strategic commanding heights of science and technology have accelerated their development to the deep earth, deep sea and deep space, the forms of war and combat styles have undergone profound changes, and the process of transforming combat theories into battlefield actions and technology into equipment has continued to accelerate, and the cycle has been further shortened. Many military powers have seen the dawn of intelligent military transformation and have launched a new round of military technology innovation.

In the face of the ever-changing technological development, military research institutes must take the lead in the national defense science and technology game, take the opportunity of reshaping the military research system, stand at the overall height of ensuring victory in the informationized war, step up the strategic transformation, and firmly grasp the “bull’s nose” of independent innovation, so as to take the initiative in the grand journey of becoming world-class.

Qian Xuesen once said that national defense science and technology innovation must not be satisfied with “chasing tail” or “looking in the mirror”. Military research institutes should be bold in their ideas, have the courage to emancipate their minds, break the mindset, make macro plans for their long-term development, and optimize the top-level design. At the same time, they should also carry out forward-looking demonstrations of the needs for the development of national defense science and technology innovation, independently and proactively carry out basic, leading, and disruptive innovative technology research, keenly discover new directions and new fields for the generation of new quality combat effectiveness, and strive to stand at the forefront and be at the forefront of the world’s military science and technology competition.

It is the duty of the general to not forget to fight while defending; it is the duty of the soldiers to be well-prepared for training. Focusing on actual combat is both a goal and a guide. Military research institutes should firmly establish the idea of ​​research for combat, implement President Xi’s instructions and requirements of “facing the battlefield, facing the troops, and facing the future”, and follow the requirements of “improving joint combat capabilities and all-domain combat capabilities based on network information systems”. We should strive to conduct research in the way the war is fought and what is needed for the war, focus on improving the contribution rate of military research and innovation to the combat effectiveness of the troops, and continuously provide strong scientific and technological support for strengthening the army.

A first-class army needs first-class scientific research units, and first-class scientific research units need first-class talents. Only when talents emerge in competition can there be a burst of innovative vitality. Military scientific research institutes should always adhere to the awareness of talent cultivation as the main battlefield, highlight the cultivation of creative thinking and innovative capabilities of military scientific researchers, rely on first-class military talents to create first-class military theories and first-class military technology, and implant the winning genes for decoding future wars into the body of the army.

President Xi stressed that we should focus on the coordinated innovation of military and civilian science and technology in key areas. The fields of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment are the focus of military-civilian integration. As military research institutes, we should focus on meeting national strategic needs, integrating into the national scientific research system, strengthening the coordinated research of major projects, and strengthening the deep integration of industry, academia and research. Relying on the superior resources of the military and the local government, we should strengthen the strategic cooperation between the military and the local government, build a service platform for the joint research and sharing of national defense science and technology achievements, the joint construction and sharing of conditions and facilities, and the connection of common standards between the military and the local government, and form a new situation of open, integrated and innovative development of national defense science and technology.

Stride forward, reshape and reconstruct is not a minor repair, and must not be a small fight. We must seize the opportunity of the start, release the starting momentum, take steps and speed up in key areas, important directions and major tasks, and create new models and set new benchmarks as soon as possible, so as to take the lead in achieving leading results in the world military science and technology competition, occupy a number of strategic commanding heights and winning points, use first-class military technology to create a first-class combat offense and defense system, and gradually achieve the goal of building a first-class army.

(Author’s unit: National Defense Engineering Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences)

Military scientific and technological innovation should focus on basic scientific research, improve basic scientific research support capabilities, and lay a solid foundation for national defense scientific and technological innovation.

In recent years, we have made great progress in the field of national defense science and technology, but there is still a gap with foreign countries in some key technologies, mainly because the basic research is not solid enough, and there is still room for improvement in professional basic theoretical research, digital military simulation platform development, large-scale distributed numerical computing technology, etc. These factors have restricted the scientific research progress and development in the military field to a certain extent, affecting the emergence and breakthroughs of cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technological innovations.

Basic key technologies cannot be bought, and you will not get far if you rely on buying second-hand technologies from abroad. We should start from the aspects of top-level planning design, scientific research management system, and incentive mechanism for scientific researchers, attach importance to and support basic research work, carry out basic research work in depth, and enhance original innovation capabilities.

Military research institutions must break down the “barriers” between the military and civilian science and technology systems, and focus on collaborative innovation in military and civilian science and technology in key areas.

With the rapid development of high-tech weapons and equipment, the styles and forms of warfare are constantly changing, which puts higher requirements on battlefield construction. We must actively explore many disciplines such as earth sciences, high-tech equipment manufacturing, and automatic control, and study the construction of a full-domain intelligent battlefield.

Based on this, military research units need to cooperate with local governments to jointly carry out in-depth engineering research, integrate high-quality local military resources in the fields of electronic information, drones, artificial intelligence and bionics, and use the best scientific and technological resources in the country to build a modern military force system. For our national defense engineering field, we must attach importance to promoting the application of building information modeling (BIM) in military engineering and realize the informationization and refined management of engineering construction and operation and maintenance.

Innovation-driven development is essentially talent-driven. Whoever possesses first-class innovative talents will have the advantage and dominance in scientific and technological innovation.

At present, the most urgent need for strengthening national defense and military construction is talent; looking to the future, the core of achieving leapfrog development in military construction is still talent. Only by fully driving the talent training engine can we strongly promote independent innovation in national defense science and technology.

Many years of experience in scientific research have made me feel that talent cultivation is a systematic project and strategic task. We need to focus on the overall situation, strengthen top-level design, scientifically set up echelons, and strive to create a vivid situation where outstanding talents emerge and everyone competes to be a “maker” in the military camp. Talent cultivation has its inherent characteristics and laws. It cannot be achieved overnight or in a short period of time. We need to firmly establish a scientific concept of talent cultivation, with the ideological realm and confidence and courage of “success does not have to be mine, but the effort will not be in vain”, and work hard for a long time and continue to relay, so as to turn the talent cultivation blueprint into reality and provide solid talent support for the development of the military through science and technology.

Conducting military scientific research is like fighting a war. Only with a forward-looking vision can you gain the commanding heights in overcoming difficult problems and seize the initiative for victory.

In recent years, national defense science and technology at home and abroad has developed rapidly, the all-round reconnaissance technology integrating land, sea, air and space has been continuously improved, the use of troops and weapons supported by highly information technology on the battlefield and the emergence of new weapons have greatly changed the combat style and characteristics of future wars. Scientific researchers must deeply grasp and base themselves on the characteristics of future wars and carry out innovative scientific research in a targeted manner.

Specifically in the field of national defense engineering research, military researchers must keep up with the forefront of the development of world weapons and equipment and protection technology, and focus on preventing both “hard kill” and “soft kill”; they must pay attention to the protection of key parts as well as the protection of the overall system; they must do a good job in passive protection, and also track and study active protection and new weapon protection technologies, promote disruptive technological innovation, and strive to improve the battlefield survivability and combat support capabilities of national defense engineering.

現代國語：

目前，新一輪科技革命、工業革命、軍事革命正加速推進，太空、網路等新興領域將成為未來競爭的焦點。科學技術日新月異，武器裝備和作戰方式日新月異，對軍事科學研究院所進行全域戰場研究提出了新的要求。

站在時代前沿，軍隊科學研究院所如何推動國防科技創新戰略實施，將科學研究成果轉化為現實戰力？如何實現科技創新從“蹲著跑”到“跳起來”，實現科技創新“加速”？請閱讀解放軍報記者軍事科學院國防工程研究所帶來的新聞調查。

國防科技創新：為提升國防實力鍛造強大引擎

■中國國防報記者 潘娣 特約記者 趙傑

目前，新一輪科技革命、產業革命、軍事革命加速推進，太空、網路等新興領域將成為未來的爭奪焦點。快速發展的科學技術、日新月異的武器裝備及作戰方式，給軍科研院所提出了全域戰場研究的新要求。

習主席出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，加強國防科技創新，並大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。挺立時代潮頭，軍事科研院所如何推進國防科技創新戰略落地生根，把科學研究成果轉化為實實在在的戰鬥力？如何實現科技創新“深蹲助跑”到“起跳跨越”，跑出科技創新“加速度”？請看記者從軍事科學院國防工程研究院帶來的新聞調查。

科學研究方向——

躬身必以研為戰，望遠不墜鯤鵬志

3月下旬，在國防工程研究院某研究所，已經完成某專案試驗內容的科研人員正在緊張地進行資料的蒐集、整理與分析，這也意味著他們潛心鑽研的某前瞻性課題進入結題階段。

幾年前，某型武器的概念剛被提出時，科研人員就敏銳地認識到：隨著科學技術不斷發展，該型武器一旦突破技術壁壘研製成功，將會對國防工程建設帶來新的挑戰。時間不等人，他們結合我國國防工程現狀，詳細規劃了主題的研究方向和需要重點解決的關鍵問題。現今，本計畫組基本上掌握某新型武器對目標的毀傷效果，並相應提出新的防護理念。

專案成功結題的背後，源自於科研標靶的準確瞄準，而科研方向的確立得益於科研團隊敏銳的洞察力與前瞻性。這種具有前瞻性的研究在該研究院並非個案。

根據工程師韓彧回憶，早在1980年代，該研究院科研人員根據作戰發展趨勢，預見未來戰爭資訊化作戰的研究方向。經過廣泛收集資料、調查了解情況、剖析研究規律，他們為研究方向勾勒出前瞻性的發展藍圖。

得益於長期資訊化作戰樣式的研究積累，去年研究院正式組成相關防護研究室之後，研究室科研人員便有條不紊、緊鑼密鼓地推進相關科研課題。

課題申請立項與研究週期長，短則幾年多則十幾年，甚至會更長。如果研究主題缺乏前瞻性，科學研究方向對接戰場不緊密，出了成果也難以助力部隊戰鬥力的提升，勢必會造成人力物力的浪費。針對這種情況，該研究院明確要求：“事關國防工程的研究主題，不具備實用性前瞻性決不允許立項。”

「我們的研究成果通常要經過演練場檢驗，匯總收集部隊反饋的意見建議到意見反饋表上，為下一步科研攻關提供重要參考依據。」即將赴某試驗場考察的工程師王明哲告訴記者，為了讓研究主題經得起未來戰爭的檢驗，研究院的科研人員常上高原、下海島，走南闖北去研究、考察與論證。

幾年前，科學研究人員在部隊調查時發現，某旅在實兵演練過程中使用的迷彩遮蔽佈在特殊地形下不利於偽裝掩護。針對發現的問題，科學研究人員快速組織主題立項研究，設計出新型資訊遮蔽系統與遮蔽布，使戰場鋪設更加方便快捷，更具迷惑性和隱蔽性。

「習主席在出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，要密切關注世界軍事科技和武器裝備發展動向。的確，搞科研如同打仗，有前瞻性視野才能贏得攻克難題的製高點，把握勝利的主動權。 。

科學研究人才—

問渠哪得清如許，為有源頭活水來

「你們觀察一下，這是處理後顯現的裂縫…」3月13日下午，研究院某實驗室不時傳出陣陣機器轟鳴與講解試驗內容的聲音。

在實驗室裡，記者看到一位穿著軍服、頭髮花白的軍人。研究員陳安敏告訴記者，這位老者是中國工程院院士顧金才，剛在門外聽到的聲音就是顧院士在為年輕骨幹講解試驗內容。

身為院士，科學研究任務本就十分繁忙，完全不需要一直盯在一線，但已經80歲高齡的顧院士卻仍堅持耐心細緻地教徒弟、帶團隊。

「顧院士那一批老同志自單位成立以來就一直奮戰在一線，手把手地對科研人員進行傳幫帶。我能走到今天特別感謝前輩們的教導和扶持。」工程師馬棟良對研究院良好的氛圍感受頗深。

2009年，馬棟良被分配到地處中原地的某研究所。新到工作單位，還沒了解工作內容的馬棟良以為會被派去幹一些整理文檔的“雜活兒”，讓他沒想到的是，剛到單位就被委以重任，全程參與某重大防護研究課題。

「專案組裡都是著作等身的老師，而我一個『菜鳥』能把專案任務完成好嗎？」馬棟良回想當時的心情既激動又惶恐。他在研究院待久了才知道，原來研究院對每位骨幹人才都會製訂能力提升計劃，對有發展潛力的針對性製訂培養方案，透過崗位鍛鍊、送學培養、合作交流等方式，培養骨幹人才方隊。

在2017年度國家科學技術獎勵表揚大會上，馬棟良參與的這個計畫獲得國家科學技術進步獎二等獎。讓他既驚訝又意外的是，專案組組長綜合考慮每個人的貢獻後，將他放在了第七作者的位置，這對年輕科研人員來說既是榮譽，更是鞭策和激勵。

「並沒有因為年輕就忽略我在科研中的貢獻，這也是我們年輕骨幹留在這裡潛心搞科研的重要原因。評獎看重專業能力與所作所為，在評職調級時不唯獎不唯成果，而是依據綜合性評估。如他所說，這種公平的競爭方式與評價機制，讓他們在這裡搞科研「得勁兒」「有勁兒」。

而和馬棟良一樣，喜歡研究院人才培養氛圍而深耕科研，並取得成就與發展的「80後」年輕骨幹不在少數，有的成為了高級工程師，有的擔任了研究室領導，一大批科研骨幹在這裡快速成長起來。

科學研究條件——

梧桐枝繁葉茂，自有鳳凰來棲

如果資訊科技是戰鬥力的“倍增器”，那麼科研條件就是催生創新成果的“孵化器”。

在研究院採訪的日子裡，記者發現科學研究人員待得最久的地方就是試驗場。

在研究院某試驗場地，記者見到正在準備試驗內容的副研究員徐翔雲，他告訴記者，每個研究室都有幾處根據科研項目需求建造的實驗室或試驗場，除了購置地方技術成熟的產品，大部分是自主研發的設備，他身旁的某新型試驗設備就是去年研發投入使用的。

2012年年底，國外發布了一款新型武器，根據科技人員掌握到的情況，其攻擊性能及其對防護工程的破壞性令人吃驚，很可能會導致許多防護工程失去其應有的效用。

關乎國防工程的安全問題，科學研究人員要盡快摸清該型武器的相關性能，而要掌握到最準確的資料，需要進行相關試驗。由於是新型武器，國內尚未有可以作為替代的試驗手段，而要報項申請研發試驗裝備，往往需要3年甚至更長的時間。這個現實難題讓研究院科研人員皺緊了眉頭，怎麼辦？

「成立由院士專家組成的專題課題攻關小組，群策群力攻堅克難。」科研人員報告情況後，研究院還請來全國相關領域的專家探討，經過多方科學論證，他們當即拍板兒，盡快開展試驗設備的研發。

2015年，在國內大多數同類型試驗裝備只能固定使用的情況下，研究院研發出某型試驗裝備。有了試驗裝備，課題組很快就開始進行某評估試驗課題的申報工作。如今，該研究小組成功進行武器威力研究、目標毀傷情況等試驗，並相應提出新的防護理念和結構。

「如今，軍事科研機構面臨的很大一個難題，就是如何充分調動科研人員的積極性、主動性和創新性。我們要盡力為科研人員及時提供先進的科研條件，保障創新研究。」該研究院領導說。近年來，他們先後建造1000多平方公尺、200餘台（套）設備軟體的工程綜合論證環境實驗室、動載和靜載試驗平台。

工欲善其事，必先利其器。目前，該研究院在持續抓好科研條件建設任務落實的同時，著眼於國內外現狀與相關專業的發展趨勢，積極籌劃新的科研條件建設項目，推動“重大地下工程安全”國家重點試驗室等申報工作。瞄準世界前沿武器的防護技術研究的某個主題將在剛建成的模擬試驗中心開展…

跑出國防科技創新“加速”

■衛東

習主席在出席十三屆全國人大一次會議解放軍和武警部隊代表團全體會議時強調，要加強國防科技創新，加速建立軍民融合創新體系，大力提升國防科技自主創新能力。這一重要思想，深刻揭示了國防科技發展的客觀規律，為繁榮發展現代軍事科學指明了前進方向。

近年來，隨著科技戰略制高點朝向深地、深海、深空加速發展，戰爭形態和作戰樣式深刻嬗變，作戰理論轉化為戰場行動、技術物化為裝備的進程不斷加快，週期進一步縮短。不少軍事強國看到了智慧化軍事變革破曉的訊號，紛紛啟動新一輪軍事技術革新。

軍事競爭唯創新者勝。面對日新月異的科技發展態勢，軍事科研院所必須在國防科技博弈中率先投子佈勢、走開棋路，以軍事科研體系重塑為契機，站在保障打贏資訊化戰爭的全局高度，加緊推進戰略轉型，緊緊扭住自主創新這個“牛鼻子”，才能在邁進世界一流的宏闊征程中下好先手棋，掌握主動權。

錢學森曾說過，國防科技創新絕對不能滿足於「追尾巴」「照鏡子」。軍事科學研究院所應大膽構想，勇於解放思想，破除思維定式，對其長遠發展進行宏觀規劃，優化頂層設計。同時，也應進行前瞻性國防科技發展創新需求論證，自主超前展開基礎性、先導性、顛覆性創新技術研究，敏銳發現新質戰鬥力生成的新方向新領域，努力在世界軍事科技競爭中站上前沿、走在前面。

守不忘戰，將之任也；訓練有備，兵之事也。聚焦實戰是目標，也是牽引。軍事科研院所應牢固樹立研為戰思想，貫徹習主席「面向戰場、面向部隊、面向未來」的指示要求，按照「提高基於網路資訊體系的聯合作戰能力、全域作戰能力」的要求，努力做到仗怎麼打科學研究就怎麼搞，打仗需要什麼科學研究就搞什麼，著力提升軍事科學研究創新對部隊戰鬥力的貢獻率，不斷為強軍興軍提供強而有力的科技支撐。

一流的軍隊需要一流的科學研究單位，一流的科學研究單位需要一流的人才。只有人才競相湧現，才有創新活力迸發。軍事科研院所應始終堅持人才培養的主陣地意識，突顯對軍事科研工作者創造性思維、創新型能力的培養，靠一流軍事人才創造一流軍事理論和一流軍事科技，為軍隊的肌體植入解碼未來戰爭的致勝基因。

習主席強調，要突顯抓好重點領域軍民科技協同創新。國防科技與武器裝備領域是軍民融合的重點，作為軍事科研院所，應注重對接國家戰略需求，融入國家科研體系，加強重大項目協同攻關，強化產研深度融合。依托軍地優勢資源，強化軍地戰略協作，建構國防科技成果共研共享、條件設施共建共用、通用標準軍地銜接的服務平台，形成國防科技開放融合創新發展新局面。

闊步前進，重塑重構不是小修小補，絕不能小打小鬧。必須抓住開局契機，釋放起跑動能，在重點領域、重要方向和重大任務上把步子邁起來、速度提上去，盡快打造新樣板，樹起新標桿，從而在世界軍事科技競爭中率先取得引領性成果，佔據若干戰略制高點、致勝點，以一流軍事科技打造一流作戰攻防體系，逐步實現一流軍隊的建設目標。

（作者單位：軍事科學學院國防工程研究院）

軍事科技創新要聚焦基礎科學研究，提升基礎研究支撐能力，築牢國防科技創新的根基。

近年來，我們在國防科技領域取得非常大的進展，但在一些關鍵技術上和國外仍存在差距，主要是因為基礎性研究不夠紮實，在專業基礎理論研究、數位化軍事模擬平台研發、大型分散式數值計算技術等方面仍有待提升。這些因素都在一定程度上限制了軍事領域的科研進步與發展，影響著前沿引領技術、現代工程技術、顛覆性技術創新等方面的產生與突破。

基礎性關鍵技術絕對買不來，靠從國外買二手技術是走不遠的。若要從規劃頂層設計、研究管理制度、研究人員激勵機制等面向入手，實際重視與扶持基礎研究工作，深入進行基礎研究工作，提升原始創新能力。

軍事科研機構必須破除軍民科技體系之間的“藩籬”，突顯抓好重點領域軍民科技協同創新。

隨著當前高新技術武器裝備迅速發展，戰爭樣式和形態推陳出新，對戰場建設提出了更高要求，要積極探索地球科學、高新技術裝備製造、自動控制等眾多學科，研究全局智能戰場建設。

基於此，軍事科研單位需要和地方協同合作，共同做好深部工程研究，在電子資訊、無人機、人工智慧和仿生技術等高新科技研究方向，整合軍隊地方優質資源，用全國最優質的科技資源建構現代軍事力量體系。對我們國防工程領域而言，要重視推進建築資訊模型（BIM）在軍事工程的應用，實現工程建設與運作維護的資訊化、精細化管理。

創新驅動實質上是人才驅動，誰擁有了一流的創新人才，誰就擁有了科技創新的優勢和主導權。

著眼當下，加強國防和軍隊建設最緊張的就是人才；放眼未來，實現軍隊建設跨越式發展最核心的還是人才。全力驅動人才培養引擎，才能強勢助推國防科技自主創新。

多年的科學研究工作經驗使我感到，人才培育工作是一項系統工程和策略任務，需要著眼全局，加強頂層設計，科學設置梯次，著力形成優秀人才競相湧現、人人爭當軍營「創客」的生動局面。人才培育有其固有的特點和規律，不可能一蹴而就、短期速成，需要牢固樹立科學的人才培養觀，以「功成不必在我，而功力必不唐捐」的思想境界和信心勇氣，久久為功、持續接力，才能把人才培養藍圖變成現實，為科技興軍提供堅實的人才支撐。

搞軍事科研如同打仗，有前瞻性視野才能贏得攻克難題的製高點，把握勝利的主動權。

近年來，國內外國防科技快速發展，陸海空天一體的全方位偵察技術不斷提升，戰場中以高度資訊化技術為支撐的兵力武器運用以及新式武器的問世，大大改變了未來戰爭的作戰樣式和特徵，科學研究人員要深刻掌握並立足未來戰爭特點，有針對性地進行創新性科學研究工作。

具體到國防工程研究領域，軍事科研人員要緊跟世界武器裝備和防護技術發展的前沿，既要注重防“硬殺傷”，也要注重防“軟殺傷”；既要注重對要害部位的防護，也要注重整體系統防護；既要搞好被動防護，也要追蹤研究主動防護和新型武器防護技術，推動顛覆性技術創新，努力提升國防工程戰場生存能力和作戰保障能力。

来源：中国军网综合

作者：潘娣 赵杰等责任编辑：柳晨

2018-05-02 

中國原創軍事資源：https://www.81.cn/2018zt/2018-05/02/content_8020899.htm