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Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國的情報戰, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 中國認知戰和領域作戰, 中國軍事認知戰, 以認知為中心的戰爭：應對複雜戰爭的作戰概念, 新軍事變革, 智慧戰爭, 認知域戰, 認知域戰, 認知域操作, 認知對抗, 認知戰, 認知領域操作, 資料來源：中國外交部

Chinese Government Mandate for Military Cognitive Confrontation : Focus on Cognitive Domain Penetration Emphasizing Multi-domain Operations

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中國政府對軍事認知對抗的要求：著重認知域滲透，強調多域作戰

現代英語翻譯：

Introduction

From the battlefield of “bows, horses, and swords” in the cold weapon era to the three-dimensional battlefield of land, sea, and air in the industrial era, and then to the integrated battlefield covering multiple domains such as physics, information, and cognition in the information and intelligent era, one of the core logics of the evolution of war forms is to continuously enter new domains and integrate multiple domains. Cross-domain aggregation of combat effectiveness has become a war-winning mechanism with certain basic and decisive characteristics. In this process, the cognitive domain has increasingly become a new battlefield that infiltrates and affects multi-domain operations, as well as a new commanding height that determines the success or failure of the war.

The cognitive domain has become the key to seizing comprehensive control

In modern warfare, the cognitive domain has become the key to seizing comprehensive control. War practice shows that the cognitive domain has increasingly become the focus of planning modern warfare and achieving multi-domain integrated linkage victory.

The cognitive domain advantage supports the doubling of multi-domain combat effectiveness. In modern warfare, destroying the enemy and preserving oneself in the physical domain, fighting for the right to control land, sea, air, and space; blocking the enemy and connecting oneself in the information domain, fighting for the right to control the network and information, are all deeply related to the advantages and active position of the cognitive domain. In the game of system-to-system confrontation, once the opponent is suppressed and the initiative is taken in the cognitive domain, decision-making interference can be formed on the key nodes of the enemy’s command chain, kill chain, and support chain, so that the actions in the physical domain and information domain can obtain asymmetric benefits of “four ounces to move a thousand pounds”, thereby improving the input-output ratio of operations, enhancing the speed and efficiency of local victory leading to global victory, and reducing the subsequent constraints of military strikes in the economic and social life fields.

The planning and implementation of multi-domain combat operations should pay attention to the role of the cognitive domain. Modern warfare is significantly complex, and the elements of multi-domain operations are interconnected, the impact is transmitted in multiple directions, and the risks are superimposed on each other. Every action or even a detail of a multi-domain combat operation will trigger a chain reaction in the cognitive domain at the decision-making issues, military morale, public opinion, social confidence, and international public opinion levels of both sides, thereby quickly, suddenly, and unexpectedly affecting the overall situation of the war, and even causing a “butterfly storm” that changes the internal and foreign affairs of the warring parties and even the long-term development trend of the country. In planning and implementing physical domain and information domain operations, we must not only focus on shaping the situation and creating conditions in the cognitive domain, but also accurately control the direction and size of the release of effectiveness in the cognitive domain in accordance with the need to seize control of the brain, heart, and intelligence. The dynamic changes in the number of enemy annihilation, the temporary gains and losses of a city or a place, etc., are increasingly losing their significance as indicators for evaluating the direction of the war. The overall impact of military operations on the war situation increasingly needs to be evaluated and considered from the perspectives of the changes in international and domestic public cognition and the psychological impact on specific objects.

The material and technical conditions for the cognitive domain to trigger multi-domain integration are becoming increasingly mature. The leapfrog development of information-based intelligent cognitive perception technology has made the cognitive domain game confrontation rapidly develop from absolute “uncalculated” and “uncontrollable” to a considerable degree of “calculated” and “controllable”. The decision-making support of technologies such as big data and intelligent algorithms supports the deep integration of different combat forces in the cognitive domain and the command and coordination of multi-dimensional forces, strengthens the consistency and coordination of forces, means and actions in politics, economy, diplomacy, culture and military, and brings the operability of designing multiple domains, commanding multiple domains and controlling multiple domains with a focus on the cognitive domain. The widespread use of weapons and equipment such as drones and precision-guided bombs also provides realistic and feasible tactical options for precise strikes through combat operations. The rapid popularization of intelligent communication technologies such as precise profiling, intelligent distribution, social media live broadcast, robot writing, and virtual reality, and the cross-integration and development of neuroscience, cognitive science and intelligent technology have made it convenient and efficient to plan and implement “X+ cognitive attack and defense” and realize integrated joint operations.

Cognitive domain penetration affects the winning path of multi-domain aggregation

Cognitive domain penetration affects the integrated linkage of multiple domains. It is not a simple “1+1”, but the energy of multi-domain actions is instantly optimized in the cognitive domain, so as to continuously inject the emergence effect that is beneficial to oneself into the overall situation of the war. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen the innovative design of combat planning and implementation paths to ensure that multi-domain convergence and victory are achieved under the influence of cognitive domain penetration.

Deepen the understanding of multi-domain tasks with cognitive domain combat needs. Focusing on the overall national strategy, clarify the cognitive domain combat needs, and calculate and determine the combat tasks of each domain based on this. Establish the must-hit targets and avoidance targets of firepower strikes, the first targets and the last targets, the open targets and the hidden targets, the heavy targets and the light targets, etc., and focus on the effectiveness of destroying the morale of the combat opponent. Establish the goals, timing, and intensity of channel control, and focus on the deprivation of the combat opponent’s social mobilization capabilities, international communication capabilities, etc., and the support effectiveness for our information release and external propaganda. Establish the focus of intelligence information collection, and focus on the ability to grasp the combat opponent’s cognitive domain combat power, describe the characteristics of cognitive attack and defense targets in fine granularity, and dynamically grasp the international and domestic public opinion and social trends.

Guide multi-domain action design with cognitive domain combat tasks. Focusing on the questions of “who, what kind of cognitive impact, and to what extent”, the cognitive domain combat tasks in different combat phases and different combat scenarios are subdivided, and based on this, the overall planning and detailed design of what actions to organize in each domain, what opportunities to seize, what forces to invest, what tactics to adopt, and how various actions are connected and crossed are carried out. The reason why the “Four-sided Chu Song” was able to disintegrate the powerful Chu army was first because the Han army completed the military encirclement of the Chu army, and secondly, it used the clever idea of ​​the captives singing Chu songs at night. In fact, different action timings, different task forces, different weapons and equipment, different tactics selections, and even different action names convey very different information, and the intensity of cognitive impact generated is also significantly different. It requires careful consideration and scientific research and judgment to strive to maximize efficiency and optimize the effect. When loading cognitive attack and defense actions for fire strikes, network attack and defense, electronic countermeasures, defensive operations, special operations and other actions, different imagination and creative thinking levels, different technical understanding, application and innovation, and the final effect achieved is even more different.

Organize multi-domain collaborative support with cognitive domain combat actions. Cognitive domain combat operations involve multiple participants and various action styles. Normal operations require coordinated support from forces and firepower, such as precision strikes, seizing key areas, and demonstrating momentum. In special cases, coordinated support from strategic forces, such as the display of cutting-edge weapons and equipment and the organization of major exercises and drills, is also required. Throughout the entire operation, specific personnel and specific combat units, such as commanders speaking publicly and media embedded reports, are also required to coordinate support. Intelligence data, channel bandwidth, forensic information, and technical equipment are also indispensable. To this end, it is necessary to mobilize multi-domain forces and resources throughout the entire process, in real time, systematically, and accurately, so that military warfare, psychological warfare, and intellectual warfare can leverage each other’s strengths and support each other, forming a chess game and playing a combination of punches.

Focus on deepening the understanding of the concept of cognitive domain penetration and influence on multiple domains

Establishing the status of cognitive domain penetration and influence on multi-domain operations and promoting integrated linkage victory is a deep-level conceptual revolution, which requires strengthening various supporting constructions to create conditions and lay the foundation.

Strengthen institutional guarantees. The cognitive domain penetration and multi-domain integrated joint operations have put forward higher requirements for cross-departmental and cross-institutional collaboration and cooperation, and it is necessary to form a scientific and efficient command chain that supports the cognitive domain penetration and multi-domain and multi-domain integrated linkage. It is necessary to clarify the cognitive domain combat responsibilities of each element of the joint combat command organization, optimize and reorganize the command process, and ensure that the penetration and influence of the cognitive domain are reflected in combat determination, task planning, and action design. Focusing on cross-domain integrated linkage, we will establish and improve work systems and cooperation mechanisms at all levels such as strategy, campaign, and tactics, strengthen the mutual leverage and coordination of cognitive domain operations and physical domain and information domain operations, and give full consideration to the effective coordination of military forces and local relevant functional departments and professional forces, so that the comprehensive advantages can be transformed into the ability advantages of cognitive domain penetration and multi-domain empowerment.

Improve the ability and quality of commanders. Foreign militaries believe that qualified commanders in modern warfare need to be good at “rapidly transforming active kinetic operations into more subtle cultural warfare” and should have “unique intuition” and “comprehensive leadership capabilities” for this. In order to achieve cognitive domain penetration and multi-domain integrated linkage in war practice, it is necessary to first strengthen the awareness of cognitive domain operations in the minds of commanders at all levels, strengthen the consciousness and initiative of forming cognitive domain penetration to influence multi-domain task planning and action design, and strengthen the ability to implement high-efficiency cognitive offense and defense with force and firepower operations and information control and seizure as means and carriers. It is necessary to take multi-domain coordinated command under the influence of cognitive domain penetration as an important content of strategic and campaign exercises and training, highlight the training of commanders to command and control multiple domains with a focus on cognitive shaping, and promote the training field to keep close to the actual requirements of winning political and military battles.

Promote the updating and improvement of joint cultural concepts. Cognitive domain penetration and multi-domain integrated linkage operations are the sublimation and optimization of joint combat concepts and mechanisms, and especially require the support and guarantee of joint cultural construction that is adapted to them. On the one hand, we must strive to break the influence of traditional war thinking patterns, break some traditional concept barriers, and focus on cognitive guidance, multi-domain integration, and linkage operations as the forefront of joint cultural construction to update concepts. On the other hand, we must strengthen the construction of a theoretical system for cognitive domain penetration and multi-domain integrated joint operations, conduct in-depth research on the winning mechanism of cognitive domain operations and innovation of tactics, and lay a solid ideological foundation with theoretical accumulation.

(Author’s unit: Political College of National Defense University)

現代國語大五:

引言

從冷兵器時代「弓馬騎射、刀兵相接」式戰場到工業化時代的陸、海、空三維戰場，再到資訊化智能化時代涵蓋物理、資訊、認知等多域的一體戰場，戰爭形態演進的核心邏輯之一即在於不斷邁入新域、整合多域。跨域聚合作戰效能，成為帶有某種基礎性和決定性的戰爭制勝機制。而在此過程中，認知域日益成為滲透影響多域作戰的新戰場，以及攸關戰爭成敗的新的製高點。

認知域成為奪控綜合製權的關鍵

在現代戰爭中，認知域成為奪控綜合製權的關鍵。戰爭實踐表明，認知域日益成為運籌現代戰爭、實現多域一體聯動制勝的重心所在。

認知域優勢支援實現多域作戰效能倍增。現代戰爭中，在物理域消滅敵人、保存自己，爭奪制陸、製海、制空、制天權；在資訊域阻斷敵人、連結自己，爭奪制網、制資訊權，都與認知域的優勢和主動地位有著極為深刻的關聯。在體系對體系的對壘博弈中，一旦在認知域壓制對手、掌握主動，就能對敵指揮鏈、殺傷鏈、保障鏈的關鍵節點形成決策幹擾，使得物理域信息域的行動獲得“四兩撥千斤”的非對稱收益，從而提高作戰的投入產出比，增強局部勝利導向全局勝利的速度和效率，減少軍事打擊在經濟社會生活領域所產生的後續掣肘。

規劃實施多域作戰行動應重視認知域作用發揮。現代戰爭具有顯著的複雜性，多域作戰之間的要素相互連結、影響多向傳遞、風險彼此疊加。多域作戰行動的每個動作甚至某個細節都會在敵我雙方的決策議題、軍心意志、民意關切、社會信心、國際輿論等層面引發認知域連鎖反應，由此迅速、突然、出乎預料地影響戰爭全局，甚至釀成改變交戰方內政外交時局乃至國家長期發展走勢的「蝴蝶風暴」。規劃實施物理域資訊域行動，既要著重在認知域塑造態勢、創造條件，又要按照奪控制腦、制心、制智權的需要，在認知域精準控制效能釋放的方向和大小。殲敵數字的動態變化、一城一地的一時得失等，本身越來越失去評價戰局走向的指標意義，軍事行動對於戰局的整體影響，越來越需要從其引發的國際國內公眾認知改變和對特定對象的心理影響等層次去評估考量。

認知域引發多域一體連動的物質和技術條件日漸成熟。資訊化智慧化認知感知技術的飛躍發展，使得認知域博弈對抗由絕對的「不可算」「不可控」快速地向相當程度上的「可算」「可控」發展。大數據、智慧演算法等技術的輔助決策，支撐了對不同作戰力量在認知域的深度融合、多維聚力的指揮協同，加強了政治、經濟、外交、文化、軍事等方面力量、手段和行動的一致性協調性，帶來了著眼於認知域設計多域、指揮多域、控制多域的可操作性。無人機、精確導引炸彈等武器裝備的廣泛使用，也為透過作戰行動點穴式精準打擊提供了現實可行的戰術方案選項。精準畫像、智慧分發、社群媒體直播、機器人寫作、虛擬實境等智慧化傳播技術的快速普及，神經科學、認知科學與智慧科技的交叉融合發展，使規劃實施「X+認知攻防」、實現一體聯動作戰變得便捷有效率。

認知域滲透影響多域的聚優制勝路徑

認知域滲透影響多域一體聯動，不是簡單的“1+1”，而是將多域行動的能量在認知域即時聚優，從而將有利於己的湧現效應不斷注入戰爭全局。為此，需要加強對作戰規劃和實施路徑的創新設計，確保在認知域滲透影響下實現多域聚優制勝。

以認知域作戰需求加深多域任務理解。著眼國家戰略全局，明確認知域作戰需求，據此倒推測算和確定各域作戰任務。確立火力打擊的必打目標和避打目標、先打目標和後打目標、明打目標和暗打目標、重打目標和輕打目標等，要重點考慮對作戰對手軍心士氣的瓦解效能。確立頻道奪控的目標、時機、強度等，要重點考慮對作戰對手社會動員能力、國際傳播能力等的剝奪效能和對我訊息釋放、對外宣傳的支撐效能。確立情報資訊蒐集的重點，要重點考慮掌握作戰對手認知域作戰力量、細顆粒描述認知攻防目標對象特徵、動態掌握國際國內輿情和社會思潮動態等方面的能力。

以認知域作戰任務引導多域行動設計。圍繞著「對誰、產生何種認知影響、影響到何種程度」等問題，細分不同作戰階段、不同作戰場景下的認知域作戰任務，據此對各域組織哪些行動、抓住哪些戰機、投入哪些力量、採用何種戰法、各類行動如何銜接交叉等進行總體規劃與細節設計。四面楚歌之所以能瓦解強楚軍隊，首先是因為漢軍在軍事上完成了對楚軍的包圍，其次是運用了俘虜夜唱楚歌這一攻心巧思。事實上，不同的行動時機、不同的任務部隊、不同的武器裝備、不同的戰法選擇甚至不同的行動命名，傳遞的訊息都大相徑庭，生成的認知影響強度也有顯著區別，需要精心推敲、科學研判，力求效能最大化、效果最優化。在為火力打擊、網路攻防、電子對抗、防衛作戰、特種作戰等行動加載認知攻防動作時，不同的想像能力和創意思維水平，不同的技術理解力運用力創新力，最終實現的效果更是判若雲泥。

以認知域作戰行動組織多域協同保障。認知域作戰行動參與主體多元、行動樣式多樣，常態需要精確打擊、要地奪控、示形造勢等兵力火力協同保障，特殊時也需要亮相尖端武器裝備、組織重大演訓演練等戰略力量協同保障，在作戰全程還需要指揮官公開發聲、媒體嵌入報道等特定人員、特定作戰單元協同保障，情報資料、頻道頻寬、取證資訊、技術裝備方面的協同保障更是須臾不可或缺。為此，就要全程、即時、體系、精準調動多域力量和資源，使兵戰、心戰、智戰相互借勢、相互策應，形成一盤棋、打出組合拳。

注重深化認知域滲透影響多域的理念認識

確立認知域對多域行動的滲透影響地位、推動一體聯動制勝，是一場深層的理念革命，需要強化各項支撐性建設以創造條件、奠定基礎。

加強制度保障。以認知域滲透影響多域一體聯動作戰，對跨部門、跨機構的協作聯合提出了更高要求，需要形成支撐支持認知域滲透影響多域、多域一體聯動的科學高效指揮鏈路。要明確聯合作戰指揮機構各要素的認知域作戰職責，優化重整指揮流程，確保將認知域的滲透影響作用體現在作戰決心、任務規劃、行動設計之中。圍繞跨域一體連動，在戰略、戰役、戰術等各個層面建立健全完善工作制度與協作機制，強化認知域作戰與物理域、資訊域作戰的相互借勢策應，充分考慮軍隊力量與地方相關職能部門以及專業力量的有效配合，使綜合優勢轉化為認知域滲透影響多域、賦能多域的能力優勢。

提升指揮官能力素養。外軍認為，現代戰爭中合格的指揮官需要善於“將主動的動能作戰快速轉變為更為微妙的文化戰爭”，對此應具有“獨一無二的直覺”和“全面領導能力”。在戰爭實踐中實現認知域滲透影響多域一體聯動，首先需要在各級指揮員頭腦中強化認知域作戰意識，強化形成以認知域滲透影響多域任務規劃和行動設計的自覺性主動性，強化提升以兵力火力行動和資訊制權奪控為手段載體實施高效能認知攻防的能力水準。要把認知域滲透影響下的多域統籌指揮作為戰略戰役演訓重要內容，突顯錘鍊指揮員著眼認知塑造來指揮多域、控制多域的能力，促進演訓場不斷貼近打贏政治軍事仗的現實要求。

推動聯合文化理念更新與完善。認知域滲透影響多域一體聯動作戰是對聯合作戰理念和機制的昇華和優化，特別需要與之相適應的聯合文化建設支撐保障。一方面，要著力破除傳統戰爭思維定式影響，打破一些傳統觀念壁壘，把認知引導、多域一體、聯動作戰作為聯合文化建設的前沿重點抓好理念更新。另一方面，要加強認知域滲透影響多域一體聯動作戰的理論體系建設，深入展開認知域作戰制勝機理研究與戰法創新，以理論累積打牢思想根基。

（作者單位：國防大學政治學院）

2023-01-19 14:35 解放軍報 濮端華 李習文 肖飛

中國政府原文來源：

Asymmetric Warfare, China's Informatization - 中國信息化, Chinese Military Characteristics & Development Trends of Cognitive Domain Operations and Warfare, Chinese Military Cognitive Domain Operations, Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Cognitive Confrontation, Cognitive Domain Warfare, Dissipative Warfare, Intelligent Warfare, Mosaic Warfare, Multi-Domain Operations, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知域戰, 認知域操作, 認知對抗, 認知戰, 認知領域操作

Chinese Military Perspectives on Supporting Cognitive Confrontation

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中國軍隊對支持認知對抗的看法

現代英語音譯：

Modern warfare, according to the characteristics of material form, usually divides the combat domain into the physical domain, the information domain, and the cognitive domain. The three domains interact with each other to form the field and soil for military confrontation. Although cognitive domain operations occur in the cognitive domain, their operational support often spans various fields. War practice shows that with the enhanced effectiveness of hard strikes in the physical domain, cognitive formation can often be accelerated, and cognitive realization can better meet combat needs.

Cognitive offense and defense cannot be separated from physical support

Today’s world is a world where everything is interconnected. The collection of different objects connected to each other greatly enhances the function of independent individuals acting alone. Cognitive domain operations are never isolated operations between cognitive carriers. Only by integrating cognitive attack and defense into an integrated joint operations chain, closely integrating with physical domain military strike operations, and tightly integrating with the entire combat system can we fully exert combat effectiveness.

The starting point of cognition. Existence determines consciousness. Thinking and cognition is not a fairy from the sky, but a true or tortuous reflection of the real world. Without the foundation of the material world, thinking and cognition will lose the source of information, the basis for analysis and judgment, and the accuracy of decision-making and action, making it difficult for people to trust, recognize, and rely on. Even the most psychedelic science fiction wars still have references to real combat targets, specific combat objectives, and corresponding combat paths. Therefore, intelligence reconnaissance analysis has become an indispensable and important link for commanders to organize troops and plan. “Without investigation, there is no right to speak” is regarded as a golden rule that must be followed in decision-making. Battlefield simulation simulations have become an important step for the success of combat operations. In history, most of the combat commands of accomplished generals and classic combat cases that can withstand the test of history and practice are all based on full investigation and research and scientific intelligence analysis. Without the hard-core support of the real world, “human beings think about , and God laughs.”

The basis of cognitive effects. A golden rule of operations in the cognitive domain is that soft power at the cognitive level must be supported by hard strikes at the physical level in order to ensure and strengthen its role. Strong military pressure is a necessary prerequisite for cognitive means to work, and continuous victory on the battlefield is the core support for winning cognitive wars. If the United States does not have the high-pressure pressure of its super comprehensive national strength and superior technology, its “Star Wars Plan” may not really work. If cognitive domain operations lack the support of specific military operations in the physical domain, they will never produce the good effects of doubting, confusing, deterring, and defeating the enemy. To grasp the initiative in thinking and cognition and to take the initiative in cognitive domain operations, we must not only strengthen the construction of cognitive ontology, improve the ability to directly use strategies and technical means to strengthen self-protection, intervene and influence the opponent’s thinking and cognition, but also actively strive to The physical domain leverages the conduction effect of military operations in the physical domain to enhance thinking and cognition.

The starting point for cognitive realization. Marxism believes that once theory grasps the masses, it will also become material force. From the perspective of combat in the cognitive domain, the spiritual creation at the superstructure level of cognition will not automatically turn into material power. Only by being attached to a certain material carrier and practical grasp can it be possible to realize spiritual to material and consciousness. A critical leap into existence. Just as in World War II, if the German army had not bypassed the Maginot Line, broke through the Ardennes Forest, and launched a surprise attack into the French hinterland, it would have been impossible to demonstrate the foresight of the cognitive achievement of the “Manstein Plan”; similarly, if there were no Allies, The military’s successful landing in Normandy, which invaded the east and west, also failed to highlight the ingenuity of the strategy of “Building plank roads openly and concealing warehouses” in the “Operation Overlord Plan”. Thinking and cognition are transmitted through people to specific military operations in the physical domain, and then the specific military operations in the physical domain realize the materialization of cognitive results, forming the fundamentals of the two-way interaction between cognitive offense and defense and military strikes in the physical domain.

The basic method of physical attack to support cognitive offense and defense

The methods and methods used by military strikes in the physical domain to support cognitive offense and defense follow the general law that matter determines consciousness and existence determines thinking. The basic methods can be divided into enhanced support, confirmation support and realization support.

Enhanced support. Military strikes in the physical domain strengthen the formation and development of thinking and cognition. Although thinking and cognition depend on the quality of the cognitive carrier itself, it will be difficult to achieve without the support of military operations in the physical domain. The most basic role of military operations in the physical domain in the cognitive domain is to provide solid support for the formation and development of thinking and cognition. Thinking and cognition can only be stable and far-reaching if it is based on real physical actions. For example, in the early days of the Korean War, when the Korean People’s Army was overwhelming, our army’s combat staff Lei Yingfu and others accurately predicted the landing of the US military based on the war situation, geographical and weather characteristics of the Korean Peninsula, especially the various actions of the US and South Korean troops at that time, etc. time and location. Similarly, Li Qiwei of the “United Nations Army” also made a judgment on the “worship offensive” based on the logistics support, weapons and equipment, and tactical use of the volunteers, and used “magnetic tactics” to fight me. These are all enhancements to the formation and development of thinking and cognition caused by combat in the physical domain.

Confirmation type support. Military strikes in the physical domain confirm preset thinking, precognition, and prejudgment. Cognitive attack and defense does not only occur at the cognitive level, but is the interaction between cognition and practice. War is a “place of life and death, a way of survival”. If one’s cognitive decision-making cannot be verified in many directions at the practical level, then acting rashly is the greatest irresponsibility for war. During the revolutionary war years, our military’s decision-makers were always under the control of the overall strategy and gave front-line commanders the power to act as appropriate and in accordance with the overall strategic direction principle. This is a positive confirmation of strategic thinking. During the Second World War, the Allies used “false facts” to mislead, constantly shaping and strengthening the German army’s misunderstanding of the Allied landing sites on the European continent, and finally successfully landed in Normandy with minimal cost. This was a counter-attack. To confirm.

Implementation support. Provide direct physical support for the realization of thinking, cognition, judgment and decision-making. Thinking and cognition must be transformed into actual results that change the world. The thinking and cognition acting on the opponent is not the end but a new starting point. Next, it must be acted upon in the physical world through “skilled hands” and “brave heart”. In other words In short, it is to provide direct physical action support for the value realization of thinking and cognition. This is just like Zhuge Liang’s clever plan, no matter how brilliant it is, if there is no implementation by the “Five Tiger Generals” and other Shu Han soldiers, it can only remain at the cognitive level of talking on paper. No matter how efficiently the first three parts of the “OODA” loop operate, if the execution link “A” is missing, it will be a “dead loop”. Similarly, the results of our army’s command decisions also depend on the resolute, thorough and creative execution of the officers and soldiers. The quality and efficiency of the execution directly determines the effectiveness of the implementation of the command decisions. In this regard, physical actions at the execution level are of extremely important practical significance.

Effectively strengthen the interaction between cognitive offense and defense and physical strikes

Thinking and cognition must rely on the support of physical actions, which is an objective law that is independent of human will. It is an extremely important task to strengthen the communication and interaction between thinking and cognition and physical strikes to make our thinking and decision-making more targeted, objective and operable, so as to better transform cognitive advantages into action advantages and winning advantages. .

Be more proactive and solidify your cognitive foundation. Whether the thinking and cognition is correct depends fundamentally on its compatibility with objective reality and its applicability to combat opponents. Only thinking and cognition based on full investigation and research, seeking truth from facts and comparative advantages can stand the test of practice and actual combat. The practice of absolute, sacred, and nihilistic thinking or generals’ genius, wisdom, and inspiration is idealistic, one-sided, and harmful. This requires that we must work hard to base our thinking and cognition on the basis of extensive investigation, research and intelligence analysis, and truly understand the enemy’s situation, our situation, and other people’s situations, truly know our enemies and ourselves, know everything we should know, and adapt to local conditions. The camera moves. At the same time, we must combine reading books without words with books with words, unify indirect theory with living practice that is constantly developing and changing, and dialectically recognize past experiences and lessons and other people’s experiences and lessons, so that they become our own knowledge. Help instead of shackles, assist instead of dominate.

Be more proactive and strengthen cognitive rationality. Correct understanding that can withstand the long-term test of practice and actual combat comes from practice and is strengthened through feedback from practice. Cognitive practical experience is only the basic material for obtaining correct cognition. To form scientific cognition, we need to further eliminate the false and preserve the true in the repeated collision and verification of consciousness and matter, thinking and existence, in order to improve cognitive rationality. It is wrong and even fatal to think that true knowledge can be obtained once and for all from only local situations, fragmented information and individual periods of time. In the Battle of Chibi in ancient China, Cao Cao’s side only came to the understanding of concatenating warships from the common sense that iron cables can balance the shaking of the ship’s hull, and did not confirm it from the actual combat effects or consequences of concatenating warships. If you don’t know how to recreate, you will easily tie up the ship with iron ropes and tie yourself up, and ultimately end up in the disastrous defeat of “burning Red Cliff”. Times have changed, and the enemy situation on the modern battlefield is ever-changing. There has never been an unchanging cognitive practice, nor a once-and-for-all cognitive achievement. It can only strip away impurities and extract the essence from material to cognitive to material confirmation for re-cognition. , can we return to rationality.

Be more proactive in objectifying cognitive outcomes. Cognitive achievements are only the result of thinking and consciousness nurtured in cognitive carriers. Without timely and effective material transformation, it will be like walking at night wearing brocade clothes or hiding treasures in the mountains, and it will be difficult to demonstrate its own value. Thinking and cognition are based on physical actions, and ultimately rely on specific actions in the physical domain before they can be materialized and transformed into actual results that change the subjective and objective worlds. This requires us to not only consolidate the cognitive foundation and strengthen cognitive rationality, but also improve the operability of cognitive decision-making and planning as much as possible, opening the door for smoother materialization and transformation. At the same time, efforts must be made to improve the execution capabilities of decision-making and deployment executors, so that they can correctly understand the intention of decision-making, creatively adopt appropriate methods based on specific realities, and maximize the implementation of cognitive results and operational decision-making plans to the end. Be a good “ferryman” and “bridge across the river” that connects and transforms cognitive results with combat effectiveness. 

原版國語：

引言

現代戰爭，依物質形態特點，通常將作戰域分為物理域、資訊域、認知域，三個域相互影響共同構成軍事對抗的領域和土壤。認知域作戰雖然發生在認知領域，但其作戰依托常常橫跨各領域。戰爭實踐表明，在物理域硬打擊增效強化下，認知形成往往能加速實現，認知實現也能更好地契合作戰需要。

認知攻防離不開物理支撐

當今世界是一個萬物互聯的世界，相互連結在一起的不同物體的集合體，極大地增強了獨立個體獨自行動所具有的功能。認知域作戰從來都不是認知載體間進行的孤立作戰，隻有將認知攻防融入一體化聯合作戰鏈條，與物理域軍事打擊行動緊密結合起來，與整個作戰體系緊緊融為一體，才能充分發揮作戰效能。

認知源起的基點。存在決定意識。思維認知不是天外飛仙，而是現實世界真實或曲折的反映。離開物質世界這個根基，思維認知就失去資訊的來源、分析判斷的依據、決策行動的準心，很難讓人信得過、認得準、靠得住。即使最具迷幻色彩的科幻戰爭，也有真實作戰對象、具體作戰目的、相應作戰路徑的參考。於是，情報偵察分析成為指揮統兵用謀必不可少的重要環節，「沒有調查就沒有發言權」被視為決策決斷必須奉行的金科玉律，戰場模擬推演成為作戰行動成功的重要步驟。歷史上，大凡有作為的將帥作戰指揮、經得起歷史和實踐檢驗的經典作戰案例，無不建立在充分調查研究和科學情報分析基礎之上，離開了現實世界這個硬核支撐，「人類一思索，上帝就發笑」。

認知效應的依賴。認知域作戰的一個黃金法則是，認知層面的軟力量必須以物理層面的硬打擊為依托，才能確保並強化其作用發揮。強大軍事壓力是認知手段發揮作用的必要前提，戰場上不斷獲勝是製勝認知戰的硬核支撐。如果美國沒有超強綜合國力和優勢科技的高壓緊逼，其「星球大戰計畫」未必真能奏效。認知域作戰如果缺乏物理域具體的軍事行動配合支撐，斷不會產生疑敵、惑敵、懾敵、勝敵的良好效果。掌握思維認知主動權、打好認知域作戰主動仗，不僅須加強認知本體力量建設，提高直接運用謀略和技術手段加強自我防護、幹預和影響對手思維認知的能力，而且應積極向物理域借力，借助物理域軍事行動的傳導效應來增強思維認知。

認知實現的抓手。馬克思主義認為，理論一經掌握群眾，也會變成物質力量。認知域作戰視域下，認知這一上層建築層面的精神創造，同樣不會自動變成物質的力量，隻有依附於一定的物質載體和實踐抓手，才可能實現精神到物質、意識到存在的關鍵一躍。正如第二次世界大戰中如果沒有德軍繞過馬其諾防線突破阿登森林向法國腹地突襲，就不可能彰顯“曼施坦因計劃”這一認知成果的預見性﹔同樣，如果沒有盟軍聲東擊西在諾曼底的成功登陸，同樣也突顯不出「霸王行動計畫」之「明修棧道，暗度陳倉」謀略的巧妙。思維認知經人傳導到物理域的具體軍事行動，再由物理域的具體軍事行動來實現認知成果的物化轉化，構成認知攻防與物理域軍事打擊雙向互動的基本面。

物理打擊支撐認知攻防的基本方式

物理域軍事打擊對認知攻防支撐的方式方法，遵循物質決定意識、存在決定思維的一般規律。基本方式可分為增強型支撐、印証型支撐、實現型支撐。

增強型支撐。物理域的軍事打擊對思維認知形成發展的強化。思維認知固然有賴於認知載體本身素質，但若離開物理域軍事行動的支撐也難以促成。物理域軍事行動之於認知域最基礎的作用在於為思維認知形成發展提供堅實支撐，思維認知也只有在實實在的物理行動基礎上才能行穩致遠。譬如，朝鮮戰爭初期，當朝鮮人民軍勢如破竹時，我軍作戰參謀雷英夫等人根據朝鮮半島的戰爭態勢、地理天氣特點，特別是美韓軍隊當時的種種舉動等，準確預判了美軍登陸的時間地點。同樣，「聯合國軍」的李奇微也是根據志願軍後勤保障、武器裝備、戰術運用等，作出「禮拜攻勢」的判斷，以「磁性戰術」與我纏鬥。這些都是物理域作戰對思維認知形成發展的增強。

印証型支撐。物理域軍事打擊對預設思維、預先認知、預有判斷的印証。認知攻防絕不單單發生在認知層面，而是認知與實踐的互動。戰爭作為“死生之地、存亡之道”，其認知決策如果不能在實踐層面得到多向印証就貿然行事，是對戰爭最大的不負責任。革命戰爭年代，我軍決策層總是在全局戰略把控下，賦予一線指揮員在總體戰略方向原則下酌情相機而動的權力，就是對戰略思維認知的正向印証。第二次世界大戰中，盟軍綜合運用以假亂真的「假事實」誤導，不斷塑造並強化德軍關於盟軍在歐洲大陸登陸地點的錯誤認知，最終在諾曼底以最小的代價成功登陸，是為反向印証。

實現型支撐。為思維認知、判斷決策的實現提供直接的實體支撐。思維認知要轉化為改變世界的實際成效，作用於對手的思維認知不是終點只是新的起點，接下來還要經過「熟練的手」和「勇敢的心」作用於物理世界，換而言之，就是為思維認知的價值實現提供直接的實體行動支撐。這正如諸葛亮的錦囊妙計再高明，如果沒有「五虎上將」等蜀漢將士的貫徹執行也隻能停留在紙上談兵的認知層面。 「OODA」環前三部分運行得再高效，如果缺少了「A」這一執行環節，就是「死環」。同樣，我軍的指揮決策成果也有賴廣大官兵的堅決、徹底、創造性地執行，執行的品質效益直接決定指揮決策的落實成效。就此而言，執行層面的物理行動就具有極為重要的現實意義。

切實加強認知攻防與物理打擊的互動

思維認知必須有賴於物理行動的支撐，這是不以人的意志為轉移的客觀規律。加強思維認知與物理打擊的交流互動，使我們的思維決策更具針對性、客觀性、操作性，從而更好地由認知優勢轉化為行動優勢、制勝優勢，是一項極為重要的工作。

更積極主動夯實認知基礎。思維認知正確與否，根本取決於其與客觀實際的契合度、對作戰對手的適用性。只有建立在充分調查研究、實事求是和比較優勢基礎上的思維認知，才是經得起實踐和實戰檢驗的思維認知。那種將思維認知或將帥的天才智慧與靈感頓悟絕對化、神聖化、虛無化的做法，是唯心的、片面的、有害的。這就要求我們必須努力將思維認知建立在廣泛調查研究和情報分析基礎之上，切實把敵情、我情、他情搞清楚弄明白，真正做到知彼知己、應知盡知，因地制宜、相機而動。同時，還須將讀無字書與有字書結合起來，將間接的理論與不斷發展變化的鮮活實踐統一起來，辯証認知以往經驗教訓和別人的經驗教訓，使之成為自己認知的助力而不是桎梏、輔助而不是主導。

更加積極主動強化認知理性。經得起實踐和實戰長期檢驗的正確認知從實踐中來，又在實踐反饋中得以強化。認知實踐經驗只是獲得正確認知的基礎材料，要形成科學的認知還需要進一步在意識與物質、思維與存在的反復折沖印証中不斷去偽存真，才能提高認知理性。那種只從局部情況、破碎訊息和個別時段就認為一勞永逸獲得真知的做法，是錯誤甚至致命的。在中國古代赤壁之戰中，曹操一方只是從鐵索連船可平衡船體晃動的常識中就得出將戰船連體的認知，並未從連片戰船的實戰效果或後果中進行再認知再創造，就輕易用鐵索連船、自縛手腳，最終落得「火燒赤壁」的慘敗下場。時移事易，現代戰場敵情更是瞬息萬變，從來就沒有一成不變的認知實踐，也沒有一勞永逸的認知成果，隻有從物質到認知再到物質的印証中剝離雜質、抽取精華進行再認知，才能回歸理性。

更積極主動物化認知成果。認知成果只是孕育於認知載體的思維意識結果，如果不進行及時有效的物化轉化，就如同著錦衣而夜行、藏重寶於深山，難以彰顯自身價值。思維認知基於物理行動生發，最終還要依託物理域的具體行動，才能物化轉化為改變主客觀世界的實際成效。這就要求我們不僅要夯實認知基礎、強化認知理性，還要盡可能提高認知決策與計畫方案的可操作性，為其更順暢地物化轉化打開方便之門。同時，還要著力提升決策部署執行者的執行能力，使之能正確理解領會決策意圖，結合具體實際創造性採用適情對路的方法，最大限度地將認知成果與作戰決策方案貫徹執行到底，當好認知成果與作戰效果聯想轉化的「擺渡人」「過河橋」。

中國軍事原文來源：http://military.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2022/1207/c1011-32582888.html

Chinese military cognitive warfare, Chinese Military Future Wars, Chinese Military Informatization, Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, Cognitive Confrontation, Dissipative Warfare, Intelligent Warfare, 中國解放軍敘事戰爭, 認知對抗, 認知戰

Chinese Military’s Consideration of How to Win Intelligent Warfare – Dominance in Cognitive Confrontation

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中國軍隊對如何打贏智慧戰爭的思考——認知對抗中的主導地位

外文音譯：

The evolution of war patterns always goes hand in hand with the industrial revolution. In recent years, the wave of intelligence has surged and has been widely and deeply applied in the military field, ushering in intelligent warfare for human society. Intelligent warfare is rooted in the intelligent society, with “human-machine intelligence fusion” as its main feature. The empowerment of intelligence makes the role of cognition in combat more prominent, and cognitive-led victory will become an important mechanism for winning wars.

　　The history of the development of war naturally pushes cognition to the dominant position

　　War in the information age occurs simultaneously between the physical domain, the information domain, and the cognitive domain. It should be pointed out that the physical domain, information domain and cognitive domain are not the exclusive domain of war in the information age. All wars and even all history are derived from the joint action of the three. They have come and gone in the long history of war, and have alternately become the dominant force in winning battles. elements.

　　(1) Energy dominates playing speed and strength. When the form of war changes, the mobility, lethality and protective power in the physical domain increase, often becoming the key to victory in combat. This is true for iron weapons and war horses in cold weapon warfare, muskets and artillery in hot weapon warfare, and ships, tanks, and aircraft in mechanized warfare. To sum up, it is energy dominance. Energy dominates the game with speed and strength. Whoever has a better, faster, and stronger main battle platform is often more likely to win. However, the effectiveness of weapons cannot be infinitely developed. Nowadays, platform mobility has been limited by human physiological limits and has encountered a bottleneck. Nuclear weapons also tell us that regardless of whether there is an upper limit to the development of firepower, its use will be strictly limited.

　　(2) Information takes the lead to achieve accuracy and integrity. The information domain focuses on the transmission and sharing of information. The development of information warfare has caused the confrontation between the two combatants to “gradually change from a problem of intensity, material and energy to a problem of structure, organization, information and control.” Information replaces energy and becomes the key to victory in combat. Information dominance means focusing on precision and overall control. Whoever’s weapon platform has higher strike accuracy and whose combat system has stronger information sharing capabilities will be more likely to win. However, the relationship between information advantage and decision-making advantage is not linear. As the amount of information continues to increase, the formation of decision-making advantage must also resort to intellectual support in the cognitive domain.

　　(3) Cognition-led development of intelligence and design. The cognitive domain includes perception, judgment and decision-making, etc., and has been a must for military strategists since ancient times. Ancient military classics such as “Sun Tzu’s Art of War” contain rich ideas of wisdom and victory such as “predicting victory first” and “attacking with troops through strategy”. In the history of war, there are countless examples of winning by relying on strategy. Cognition leads the development of intelligence and design. Especially when the form of war matures, confrontation between evenly matched opponents will always be dominated by cognition. If we look at the development level of energy and information in the past, there are still great constraints on commanders’ planning and design of operations. So today’s great development of the two provides conditions for them to effectively achieve their intentions. Being able to do it as soon as you think of it is naturally shifting the dominant factor in winning battles to cognition. The side with higher intelligence and stronger design capabilities can often dominate the development of the battle situation.

　　Intelligence will give cognitive dominance a special era connotation

　　Intelligence is not about letting machine intelligence surpass, replace or eliminate humans, but rather using it to assist, liberate and enhance humans, and achieve human self-transcendence through the integration of human-machine intelligence. It enables humans, who have been using cognition to transform the world and change wars for thousands of years, for the first time to have the ability to transform cognition itself. This transformation is no longer the accumulation of knowledge, but a leap in ability; it is no longer the patent of a few elites. Rather, it is a characteristic of society as a whole. When it widely penetrates into the combat field, the form of war will enter the intelligent war, and cognitive dominance will take on a new connotation.

　　(1) Expansion of cognitive space. In today’s era, human factors and weapon factors are becoming more and more closely integrated. The most typical examples are drones and intelligence. “Intelligence” mainly refers to autonomous systems, that is, simulating and materializing human intelligence and transplanting it into machines. Machine intelligence empowerment will allow autonomous systems to easily break through human physiological limits, enter environments that humans cannot bear at a speed beyond human reach, and rely on a certain amount of “on-site intelligence” to complete tasks that humans are unable or unwilling to complete. It may not really improve people’s cognition, but it will definitely extend people’s cognition in space and expand the combat space to extreme areas such as deep space, deep sea, and deep earth.

　　(2) Improvement of cognitive efficiency. There are countless examples of cognitive victory, but there are only two reasons for this. Either rely on perceptual cognition, that is, intelligence. In the age of information scarcity, the level of decision-making is positively correlated with the amount of information. From small to large amounts of information, the quality of decision-making improves almost linearly. It is said that “if you know your enemy and yourself, victory is not in danger; if you know the sky and the earth, victory is endless.” Either rely on rational cognition, that is, judgment and strategy. Clausewitz said: “Three-quarters of the situations on which actions are based in war seem to be hidden in the clouds and are more or less unreal.” Excellent commanders can always reveal ” The information behind “The Mist” is what is said to be “what everyone knows, it has already been written; what I see, it has not yet been formed.” But when information moves from scarcity to overload or even “explosion”, the function curve between decision quality and information quantity begins to decline, making it increasingly difficult to use complex information to form accurate judgments. At this time, intelligence seems to be coming as planned. Computational intelligence may not surpass humans in terms of logical capabilities, but its powerful processing speed can solve the decision-making dilemma caused by information overload.

　　(3) Cognitive interconnection and sharing. Combat is a violent confrontation between armed groups. Regardless of decision-making or actions, timely and effective communication between combatants is required. The advantage of information dominance is information sharing. However, due to the subjectivity of cognition, people often have different understandings of information, or even completely different opinions. The same information does not mean that the same information works in the same direction. With the development of machine intelligence, brain-computer interface and other technologies, their “silicon brains” will rely on the linkability that is significantly better than that of the human brain to promote the evolution of the network form from the Internet of Things to the Internet of Brains, and combat interaction will subsequently be based on information sharing. Moving towards situation sharing and decision-making sharing, the combat system will truly be realized and exerted.

　　Cognitive dominance will be widely used in intelligent warfare

　　Winning by instant advantage means “having the comprehensive capabilities and favorable situation to defeat the opponent at the moment when force is launched against the enemy, at the decisive point of the war.” It is the fundamental winning mechanism of war. The dominant factor in seizing and maintaining immediate advantages varies with changes in war forms. In intelligent warfare, cognition dominates.

　　(1) Relying on the advantage of cognitive control of time to predict and strike preemptively to a new level. Time is the only irreducible factor in combat, and preemption is the eternal winning mechanism. Intelligent warfare will increasingly seize control of time advantage. First, you must first sense the enemy. In 2017, the US military proposed the concept of “algorithmic warfare”, which is to use intelligent analysis technology to quickly extract high-value intelligence from massive amounts of data. The popularization of intelligence in the future will push forward the intelligent perception of intelligence to ensure that enemies are discovered from the source. Secondly, we must make decisions before the enemy. The hybrid intelligence of human-machine integration and the network intelligence of up-down linkage will help realize distributed synchronized combat planning, and all levels within the organization can realize the integrated generation of combat plans. The third is to act before the enemy. The troops can prepare for combat in advance according to the specific process of joint decision-making. Once the combat plan is generated, they can immediately switch to combat.

　　(2) Relying on cognition to create military superiority, unmanned swarms and group operations will become typical new tactics. Victory with more and less is the embodiment of “victory with instant advantage” in the use of combat forces. In intelligent warfare, victory with more and less is mainly the use of cognitive materialization, that is, machine intelligence, to shape military superiority and implement unmanned swarm or group operations. . First of all, the development of intelligent and additive manufacturing technologies has enabled autonomous systems to achieve cost savings and gain an absolute advantage over the enemy in terms of the number of platforms with the same investment. Secondly, when autonomous systems enter the battlefield, no matter how brave or tenacious they are, even the best soldiers cannot match them. Unmanned or manned-unmanned coordinated swarm operations will be both violent, saturated, and economical. In addition, the unmanned group combat formed by the combination of machine intelligence and bionics will demonstrate powerful systematic combat capabilities through self-learning, self-collaboration, self-healing and even self-evolution capabilities.

　　(3) Relying on cognition to expand spatial advantages, cross-domain efficiency enhancement and global integration will reach a new level. Intelligence will not only create a new combat space, but also expand the breadth and depth of joint operations. Autonomous systems with certain cognitive capabilities can secretly maneuver to deep space and deep sea space near key targets or important passages to conduct infiltration and latent operations, forming a new cross-domain check and balance advantage against the enemy. “The defenders’ towers are silent and their traces are gone. They are more mysterious than ghosts and gods. They are underground and cannot be seen. The attackers are fast and fierce, as fast as thunder and lightning. They are in the sky and cannot be caught and prepared.” It can form a new asymmetry to the enemy. Advantage. Use intelligent sensing to form a more accurate understanding of the combat environment, use intelligent decision-making to implement a more reasonable allocation of combat resources, use intelligent networks to provide more flexible access to combat platforms, and achieve flexible deployment of combat forces, full-domain linkage, and efficient energy release.

　　(4) Aiming at the enemy’s cognition, attacking the mind and controlling the brain, control replaces destruction as a new way to win. Compared with the traditional “conquering the enemy without fighting”, intelligent warfare has greatly expanded its ability to attack the mind and control the brain. The former puts more emphasis on “win on the road” and focuses on deterring opponents; the latter focuses more on influencing and controlling opponents. In December 2017, Russia’s base in Syria was attacked by a “swarm” of 13 small drones. Russia controlled 6 of them using electronic warfare means, which was the prototype of mind control. One is to fabricate information to influence. In the future, real-life audio and video synthesis, pervasive network attacks, and immersive virtual reality will provide more effective means to influence the opponent’s cognition. The second is to tamper with the program to influence. Such as using “core attack warfare” to tamper with the algorithm of the enemy’s command and decision-making system. The third is to directly control the enemy’s decision-making. Use cyber warfare, electromagnetic warfare and other methods to control the enemy’s “brain” attacks to achieve the goal of stopping and winning the war at the minimum cost.

繁體中文：

戰爭形態嬗變總是與產業革命相伴相生。 近年來，智慧化浪潮洶湧而來，並在軍事領域廣泛深入應用，使人類社會迎來智慧化戰爭。 智能化戰爭根植於智慧社會，以「人機智能融合」為主要特徵，智能的賦能使認知在作戰中的地位更加凸顯，認知主導制勝將成為戰爭制勝的重要機制。

　　戰爭發展的歷史自然地把認知推向主導地位

　　資訊時代戰爭同時發生在物理域、資訊域和認知域之間。 需要指出，物理域、資訊域和認知域都不是資訊時代戰爭的專屬領域，一切戰爭甚至一切歷史，都源自於三者的共同作用，它們在戰爭歷史長河中此起彼伏，交替成為作戰制勝的主導 要素。

　　（一）能量主導打速度、打力量。 當戰爭形態發生嬗變，物理域的機動性、殺傷力和防護力的躍升，經常成為作戰制勝的關鍵。 冷兵器戰爭的鐵器、戰馬，熱兵器戰爭的火槍、火砲，機械化戰爭的船、坦克、飛機都是如此，概括起來就是能量主導。 能量主導打速度、打力量，誰的主戰平台更好、更快、更強，往往誰就更容易取勝。 但武器效能不能無限發展，如今平台機動力已經囿於人的生理極限而遭遇瓶頸；核武又告訴我們，不管火力發展有無上限，使用必將嚴格受限。

　　（二）資訊主導打精度、打整體。 資訊域重點在於資訊的傳輸和共享。 資訊化戰爭的發展，使作戰雙方的對抗“逐漸從強度、物質和能量問題轉變為結構、組織、資訊和控制問題”，資訊取代能量成為作戰制勝的關鍵。 資訊主導就是打精度、打整體，誰的武器平台打擊精度更高，誰的作戰體系資訊共享能力更強，誰就更容易取勝。 但資訊優勢到決策優勢的關聯也並非線性，隨著資訊量的持續提升，決策優勢的形成還要訴諸認知域的智力支撐。

　　（三）認知主導打智能、打設計。 認知域包括感知、判斷和決策等，自古以來便為兵家之所必爭。 《孫子兵法》等古代兵經有「廟算先勝」「上兵伐謀」等豐富的智勝思想，戰爭史上依靠謀略取勝的戰例更是不勝枚舉。 認知主導打智能、打設計。 尤其是當戰爭形態趨於成熟，勢均力敵的對手之間的對抗，總是會以認知為主導。 如果說過去能量和資訊的發展水平，對指揮官籌劃設計作戰還有很大限制。 那麼今天兩者的極大發展，則為他們有效達成意圖提供了條件。 想到即能做到，正在使作戰制勝的主導要素自然地向認知轉移，智能水平更高、設計能力更強的一方，往往就能主導戰局發展。

　　智能化將賦予認知主導特殊時代內涵

　　智能化不是要讓機器智能超越、取代或淘汰人，而是用它輔助、解放和增強人，透過人機智能融合，實現人的自我超越。 它使千百年來一直利用認知改造世界、改變戰爭的人類，首次有能力改造認知本身，這種改造不再是知識的積累，而是能力的躍升；不再是少數精英的專利， 而是整個社會的特徵。 當它廣泛滲透到作戰領域，戰爭形態便跨入智能化戰爭，認知主導也有了新的內涵。

　　（一）認知空間拓展。 在當今時代，人的因素、武器因素結合得越來越緊密。 最典型的例子就是無人機、智慧化。 「智能化」主要指自主系統，即模擬、物化人的智能，並移植到機器中。 機器智能賦能將使自主系統輕鬆突破人的生理極限，以人類無法企及的速度，進入人類無法承受的環境，並憑藉一定的“現場智能”，完成人類不能或不願完成的任務。 它未必能真正提升人的認知，但卻一定會在空間上延伸人的認知，使作戰空間向深空、深海、深地等極限領域拓展。

　　（二）認知效率提升。 認知制勝的戰例不可勝數，但個中原因不外有二。 要么靠感性認知，即情報。 資訊匱乏年代，決策水準與資訊量成正相關，資訊量由小到大，決策品質幾乎線性提升，所謂「知彼知己，勝乃不殆；知天知地，勝乃不窮」。 要麼靠理性認知，即判斷和謀略。 克勞塞維茲說：「戰爭中行動所依據的情況有3／4好像隱藏在雲霧裡一樣，是或多或少不真實的。」優秀指揮官總是能夠憑藉經驗和推理，揭示出「 迷霧」背後的訊息，所謂「眾人所知，已成已著也；我之所見，未形未萌也」。 但當資訊從匱乏走向過載甚至“爆炸”，決策品質與資訊量間的函數曲線也開始下滑，利用繁雜資訊形成準確判斷變得難上加難。 此時，智能化似乎如約而至，計算智能未必可在邏輯能力上逾越人類，但其強大的處理速度，卻恰好使資訊過載帶來的決策困境迎刃而解。

　　（三）認知互連共享。 作戰是武裝團體間的暴力對抗，無論決策或行動，都需要作戰人員之間進行及時有效地交流。 資訊主導的優點是資訊分享，但由於認知的主觀性，人們對資訊的理解往往見仁見智，甚至大相逕庭，相同資訊並不意義相向而行。 隨著機器智慧、腦機介面等技術的發展，它們的「矽腦」將憑藉明顯優於人腦的可連結性，推動網路形態由物聯網向腦聯網演進，作戰互動將隨之由資訊共享 邁向態勢共享、決策共享，作戰體系將真正實現並向發力。

　　認知主導將在智慧化戰爭中廣泛應用

　　即時優勢制勝，就是“在向敵發力的那一時刻，在戰爭決定點的對抗，具有能戰勝對方的綜合能力和有利態勢”，它是戰爭的根本製勝機理。 奪取和維持即時優勢的主導要素因戰爭形態變化而不同，在智慧化戰爭中是認知主導。

　　（一）依靠認知奪控時間優勢，先知先決、先發制人達到新境界。 時間是唯一不可還原的作戰要素，先發制人是亙古不變的致勝機理，智慧化戰爭對時間優勢的奪控將更趨激烈。 首先要先敵感知。 2017年美軍提出「演算法戰」概念，就是要利用智慧分析技術，從海量資料中快速擷取高價值情報。 而未來智能的普及，將前推情報的智能感知，從源頭確保先敵發現。 其次要先敵決策。 人機融合的混合智能，上下連動的網路智能，將協助實現分散式的作戰同步籌劃，編成內各層級可實現作戰方案一體生成。 第三要先敵行動。 部隊可依連動決策的具體進程，緊前展開作戰準備，一旦作戰方案生成，可立即轉入作戰。

　　（二）依靠認知塑造兵力優勢，無人集群、族群作戰將成為典型新戰法。 以多勝少是「即時優勢制勝」在作戰力量運用上的具體化，智能化戰爭的以多勝少，主要是利用認知物化，即機器智能，塑造兵力優勢，實施無人集群或族群作戰 。 首先，智慧和積層製造技術的發展，使自主系統實現成本跳水，可在同等投入獲取平台數量的對敵絕對優勢。 其次，自主系統走上戰場，無論勇敢或堅韌，即使最優秀的士兵也無法比肩，無人或有人—無人協同集群作戰將兼具猛烈性、飽和性和經濟性。 此外，機器智能與仿生學結合形成的無人族群作戰，將透過自我學習、自我協同、自我療癒甚至自我進化能力，展現強大的體系化作戰能力。

　　（三）依賴認知拓展空間優勢，跨域增效、全域融合將升至新境界。 智慧化不僅會催生新的作戰空間，同時帶來聯合作戰在廣度和深度上的拓展。 具備一定認知能力的自主系統，可秘密機動至重點目標或重要通道附近的深空、深海空間，實施滲透潛伏作戰，對敵形成新的跨域制衡優勢。 「守者韜聲滅跡，幽比鬼神，在於地下，不可得而見之；攻者，勢迅聲烈，疾若雷電，如來天上，不可得而備也”，可對敵人形成新的非對稱 優勢。 利用智慧感知對作戰環境形成更精準認知，利用智慧決策對作戰資源實施更合理調配，利用智慧網路為作戰平台提供更靈活接入，實現作戰力量彈性部署、全域連動、高效釋能。

　　（四）瞄準敵方認知攻心控腦，控制取代摧毀成為制勝新途徑。 較之傳統的“不戰而屈人之兵”，智能化戰爭的攻心控腦大有拓展。 前者更強調“道勝”，重視嚇阻對手；後者更多的是影響和控制對手。 2017年12月，俄羅斯駐敘利亞基地遭受13架小型無人機「蜂群」攻擊，俄以電子戰手段控制其中6架，即為攻心控腦之雛形。 一是虛造訊息來影響。 未來，以假亂真的聲像合成，無孔不入的網路攻擊，身臨其境的虛擬現實，將為影響對手認知提供更多有效手段。 二是篡改程序來影響。 如利用「攻芯戰」來篡改敵方指揮決策系統的演算法。 三是直接控制敵方決策。 利用網路戰、電磁戰等方式對敵實施控「腦」攻擊，以最小代價實現止戰、勝戰之目的。

2019年12月24日 11:00:48 資料來源： 解放軍報　作者：董治強

Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain, 認知對抗

Chinese Military Use of Cognitive Confrontation within the Combat Domain

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中國軍事在作戰領域使用認知對抗

現代英語作為外語音譯：

Modern warfare, according to the characteristics of material form, usually divides the combat domain into the physical domain, the information domain, and the cognitive domain. The three domains interact with each other to form the field and soil for military confrontation. Although cognitive domain operations occur in the cognitive domain, their operational support often spans various fields. War practice shows that with the enhanced effectiveness of hard strikes in the physical domain, cognitive formation can often be accelerated, and cognitive realization can better meet combat needs.

Cognitive offense and defense cannot be separated from physical support

Today’s world is a world where everything is interconnected. The collection of different objects connected to each other greatly enhances the function of independent individuals acting alone. Cognitive domain operations are never isolated operations between cognitive carriers. Only by integrating cognitive offense and defense into an integrated joint operations chain, closely integrating with physical domain military strike operations, and tightly integrating with the entire combat system can we fully exert combat effectiveness.

The starting point of cognition. Existence determines consciousness. Thinking and cognition is not a fairy from the sky, but a true or tortuous reflection of the real world. Without the foundation of the material world, thinking and cognition will lose the source of information, the basis for analysis and judgment, and the accuracy of decision-making and action, making it difficult for people to trust, recognize, and rely on. Even the most psychedelic science fiction wars still have references to real combat targets, specific combat objectives, and corresponding combat paths. Therefore, intelligence reconnaissance analysis has become an indispensable and important link for commanders to organize troops and plan. “Without investigation, there is no right to speak” is regarded as a golden rule that must be followed in decision-making. Battlefield simulation simulations have become an important step for the success of combat operations. In history, most of the combat commands of accomplished generals and classic combat cases that can withstand the test of history and practice are all based on full investigation and research and scientific intelligence analysis. Without the hard-core support of the real world, “human beings think about , and God laughs.”

The basis of cognitive effects. A golden rule of operations in the cognitive domain is that soft power at the cognitive level must be supported by hard strikes at the physical level in order to ensure and strengthen its effect. Strong military pressure is a necessary prerequisite for cognitive means to work, and continuous victory on the battlefield is the core support for winning cognitive wars. If the United States does not have the high-pressure pressure of its super comprehensive national strength and superior technology, its “Star Wars Plan” may not really work. If cognitive domain operations lack the support of specific military operations in the physical domain, they will never produce the good effects of doubting, confusing, deterring, and defeating the enemy. To grasp the initiative in thinking and cognition and to take the initiative in cognitive domain operations, we must not only strengthen the construction of cognitive ontology, improve the ability to directly use strategies and technical means to strengthen self-protection, intervene and influence the opponent’s thinking and cognition, but also actively strive to The physical domain leverages the conduction effect of military operations in the physical domain to enhance thinking and cognition.

The starting point for cognitive realization. Marxism believes that once theory grasps the masses, it will also become material force. From the perspective of combat in the cognitive domain, spiritual creation at the superstructure level of cognition will not automatically turn into material power. Only by being attached to a certain material carrier and practical grasp can it be possible to realize spiritual to material and consciousness. A critical leap into existence. Just as in World War II, if the German army had not bypassed the Maginot Line, broke through the Ardennes Forest, and launched a surprise attack into the French hinterland, it would have been impossible to demonstrate the foresight of the cognitive achievement of the “Manstein Plan”; similarly, if there had been no Allied Forces, The military’s successful landing in Normandy, which invaded the east and west, also failed to highlight the ingenuity of the “overlord plan” strategy of “building plank roads openly and concealing warehouses secretly”. Thinking and cognition are transmitted through people to specific military operations in the physical domain, and then the specific military operations in the physical domain realize the material transformation of cognitive results, forming the fundamentals of the two-way interaction between cognitive offense and defense and military strikes in the physical domain.

The basic method of physical attack to support cognitive offense and defense

The methods and methods used by military strikes in the physical domain to support cognitive offense and defense follow the general law that matter determines consciousness and existence determines thinking. The basic methods can be divided into enhanced support, confirmation support and realization support.

Enhanced support. Military strikes in the physical domain strengthen the formation and development of thinking and cognition. Although thinking and cognition depend on the quality of the cognitive carrier itself, it will be difficult to achieve without the support of military operations in the physical domain. The most basic role of military operations in the physical domain in the cognitive domain is to provide solid support for the formation and development of thinking and cognition. Thinking and cognition can only be stable and far-reaching if it is based on real physical actions. For example, in the early days of the Korean War, when the Korean People’s Army was overwhelming, our army’s combat staff Lei Yingfu and others accurately predicted the landing of the US military based on the war situation, geographical and weather characteristics of the Korean Peninsula, especially the various actions of the US and South Korean troops at that time, etc. time and location. Similarly, Li Qiwei of the “United Nations Army” also made a judgment on the “worship offensive” based on the logistics support, weapons and equipment, and tactical use of the volunteers, and used “magnetic tactics” to fight me. These are all enhancements to the formation and development of thinking and cognition caused by combat in the physical domain.

Confirmation type support. Military strikes in the physical domain confirm preset thinking, precognition, and prejudgment. Cognitive attack and defense does not only occur at the cognitive level, but is the interaction between cognition and practice. War is a “place of life and death, a way of survival”. If one’s cognitive decision-making cannot be verified in many directions at the practical level, then acting rashly is the greatest irresponsibility for war. During the revolutionary war years, our military’s decision-makers were always under the control of the overall strategy and gave front-line commanders the power to act as appropriate and in accordance with the overall strategic direction principle. This is a positive confirmation of strategic thinking. During the Second World War, the Allies used “false facts” to mislead, constantly shaping and strengthening the German army’s misunderstanding of the Allied landing sites on the European continent, and finally successfully landed in Normandy with minimal cost. This was a counter-attack. To confirm.

Implementation support. Provide direct physical support for the realization of thinking, cognition, judgment and decision-making. Thinking and cognition must be transformed into actual results that change the world. The thinking and cognition acting on the opponent is not the end but a new starting point. Next, it must be acted upon in the physical world through “skilled hands” and “brave heart”. In other words In short, it is to provide direct physical action support for the value realization of thinking and cognition. This is just like Zhuge Liang’s clever plan, no matter how brilliant it is, if there is no implementation by the “Five Tiger Generals” and other Shu Han soldiers, it can only remain at the cognitive level of talking on paper. No matter how efficiently the first three parts of the “OODA” loop operate, if the execution link “A” is missing, it will be a “dead loop”. Similarly, the results of our military’s command decisions also depend on the resolute, thorough, and creative execution of the officers and soldiers. The quality and efficiency of the execution directly determines the effectiveness of the implementation of the command decisions. In this regard, physical actions at the execution level are of extremely important practical significance.

Effectively strengthen the interaction between cognitive offense and defense and physical strikes

Thinking and cognition must rely on the support of physical actions, which is an objective law that is independent of human will. It is an extremely important task to strengthen the communication and interaction between thinking and cognition and physical strikes to make our thinking and decision-making more targeted, objective and operable, so as to better transform cognitive advantages into action advantages and winning advantages. .

Be more proactive and solidify your cognitive foundation. Whether the thinking and cognition is correct depends fundamentally on its compatibility with objective reality and its applicability to combat opponents. Only thinking and cognition based on full investigation and research, seeking truth from facts and comparative advantages can stand the test of practice and actual combat. The practice of absolute, sacred, and nihilistic thinking or generals’ genius, wisdom, and inspiration is idealistic, one-sided, and harmful. This requires that we must work hard to base our thinking and cognition on the basis of extensive investigation, research and intelligence analysis, and truly understand the enemy’s situation, our situation, and other people’s situations, truly know our enemies and ourselves, know everything we should know, and adapt to local conditions. The camera moves. At the same time, we must combine reading books without words with books with words, unify indirect theory with living practice that is constantly developing and changing, and dialectically recognize past experiences and lessons and other people’s experiences and lessons, so that they become our own knowledge. Help instead of shackles, assist instead of dominate.

Be more proactive and strengthen cognitive rationality. Correct understanding that can withstand the long-term test of practice and actual combat comes from practice and is strengthened through feedback from practice. Cognitive practical experience is only the basic material for obtaining correct cognition. To form scientific cognition, we need to further eliminate the false and preserve the true in the repeated collision and verification of consciousness and matter, thinking and existence, in order to improve cognitive rationality. It is wrong and even fatal to think that true knowledge can be obtained once and for all from only local situations, fragmented information and individual periods of time. In the Battle of Chibi in ancient China, Cao Cao’s side only came to the understanding of conjoining warships from the common sense that iron cables can balance the shaking of the ship’s hull, but did not confirm it from the actual combat effects or consequences of concatenating warships. If you don’t know how to recreate, you will easily tie up the ship with iron ropes and tie yourself up, and ultimately end up in the disastrous defeat of “burning Red Cliff”. Times have changed, and the enemy situation on the modern battlefield is ever-changing. There has never been an unchanging cognitive practice, nor a once-and-for-all cognitive achievement. It can only strip away impurities and extract the essence from material to cognitive to material confirmation for re-cognition. , can we return to rationality.

Be more proactive in objectifying cognitive outcomes. Cognitive achievements are only the result of thinking and consciousness nurtured in cognitive carriers. Without timely and effective material transformation, it will be like walking at night wearing brocade clothes or hiding treasures in the mountains, and it will be difficult to demonstrate its own value. Thinking and cognition are based on physical actions, and ultimately rely on specific actions in the physical domain before they can be materialized and transformed into actual results that change the subjective and objective worlds. This requires us to not only consolidate the cognitive foundation and strengthen cognitive rationality, but also improve the operability of cognitive decision-making and planning as much as possible, opening the door for smoother materialization and transformation. At the same time, efforts must be made to improve the execution capabilities of decision-making and deployment executors, so that they can correctly understand the intention of decision-making, creatively adopt appropriate methods based on specific realities, and maximize the implementation of cognitive results and operational decision-making plans to the end. Be a good “ferryman” and “bridge across the river” that connects and transforms cognitive results with combat effectiveness.

(Author’s unit: Military Political Work Research Institute, Academy of Military Sciences)

原始繁體中文：

現代戰爭根據物質形態的特點，通常將作戰域分為物理域、資訊域和認知域。 這三個領域相互作用，形成軍事對抗的場域和土壤。 認知域操作雖然發生在認知領域，但其操作支援往往跨越各領域。 戰爭實踐表明，隨著物理領域硬打擊效能的增強，往往可以加速認知形成，認知實現更能滿足作戰需求。

認知攻防都離不開物質支撐

當今世界是一個萬物互聯的世界。 相互連結的不同物體的集合極大地增強了獨立個體單獨行動的功能。 認知域操作從來都不是認知載體之間孤立的操作。 將認知攻防融入一體化聯合作戰鏈，與物理域軍事打擊行動緊密結合，與整個作戰體系緊密結合，才能充分發揮戰鬥力。

認知的起點。 存在決定意識。 思維和認知不是天上來的仙女，而是現實世界的真實或曲折的反映。 離開了物質世界的基礎，思考和認知就會失去資訊的來源、分析判斷的基礎、決策和行動的準確性，使人難以信任、認知、依賴。 即使是最迷幻的科幻戰爭，仍然會參考真實的作戰目標、具體的作戰目標以及相應的作戰路徑。 因此，情報偵察分析成為指揮組織部隊、規劃不可或缺的重要環節。 「沒有調查就沒有話語權」被視為決策必須遵循的金科玉律。 戰場模擬模擬已成為作戰行動成功的重要一步。 歷史上，大部分功將的作戰指揮和經得起歷史和實踐檢驗的經典作戰案例，都是建立在充分調查研究和科學情報分析的基礎上的。 沒有現實世界的硬派支撐，「人類一思考，上帝就笑」。

認知效應的基礎。 認知領域作戰的一條金科玉律是，認知層面的軟實力必須有實體層面的硬實力支撐，才能確保並強化其效果。 強大的軍事壓力是認知手段發揮作用的必要前提，戰場上的持續勝利是贏得認知戰爭的核心支撐。 如果美國沒有超強的綜合國力和優越的技術的高壓壓力，其「星際大戰計畫」可能無法真正發揮作用。 認知域作戰如果缺乏物理域具體軍事行動的支撐，永遠不會產生疑、迷、震懾、克敵的良好效果。 要掌握思維認知的主動權，掌握認知域作戰的主動權，不僅要加強認知本體建設，提高直接運用策略和技術手段加強自我保護、幹預和影響對手的能力。思維和認知，還積極努力在物理領域利用軍事行動在物理領域的傳導效應，增強思維和認知。

認知實現的起點。 馬克思主義認為，理論一旦掌握了群眾，也就成為物質力量。 從認知領域的戰鬥來看，認知上層建築層面的精神創造並不會自動轉化為物質力量。 只有執著於一定的物質載體和實踐把握，才有可能實現精神到物質、意識的轉變。 實現的關鍵飛躍。 正如二戰時，如果德軍沒有繞過馬其諾防線，突破阿登森林，向法國腹地發起奇襲，就不可能展現「德軍認知成就」的先見之明。曼斯坦計畫」； 同樣，如果沒有盟軍，軍隊在東西兩進的諾曼第成功登陸，也未能凸顯出「明修棧道、暗藏倉庫」的「霸王計畫」戰略的巧妙之處。 思維認知透過人傳遞到物理域的具體軍事行動，再由物理域的具體軍事行動實現物質轉化。

認知結果，形成認知攻防和物理領域軍事打擊之間雙向互動的基礎。

物理攻擊支撐認知攻防的基本方法

物理領域軍事打擊支持認知攻防所採用的手段和方式，遵循物質決定意識、存在決定思維的一般法則。 基本方式可分為增強支援、確認支援和變現支援。

增強支援。 物理領域的軍事打擊加強了思維和認知的形成和發展。 思維認知雖然依賴認知載體本身的品質，但如果沒有物理領域軍事行動的支持，就很難實現。 物理領域軍事行動在認知領域最基本的作用就是為思考認知的形成與發展提供堅實的支持。 思考和認知只有建立在真實的身體行動的基礎上，才能穩定、深遠。 例如，朝鮮戰爭初期，朝鮮人民軍勢不可擋時，我軍作戰參謀雷英夫等人根據朝鮮半島戰局、地理、天氣特點，準確預測了美軍登陸，尤其是當時美軍和韓國軍隊的各種行動等等時間地點。 同樣，「聯合國軍」的李奇偉也根據志願軍的後勤保障、武器裝備、戰術運用等，對「拜拜攻勢」做出了判斷，用「磁性戰術」與我作戰。 這些都是物理領域的戰鬥對思維認知的形成與發展的增強。

確認類型支援。 物理領域的軍事打擊證實了預設的思維、預知和預判。 認知攻防不僅發生在認知層面，而是認知與實踐的互動。 戰爭是「生死之地，生存之道」。 如果一個人的認知決策無法在實踐層面得到多方位的驗證，那麼輕舉妄動就是對戰爭最大的不負責任。 革命戰爭年代，我軍決策層始終處於整體戰略的掌控之中，賦予第一線指揮官依照整體戰略方向原則酌情行動的權力。 這是對戰略思維的正面肯定。 二戰期間，盟軍利用「虛假事實」進行誤導，不斷塑造並強化德軍對歐洲大陸盟軍登陸地點的誤解，最終以最小的成本成功登陸諾曼第。 這是一次反擊。 確認。

實施支援。 為思維、認知、判斷和決策的實現提供直接的物質支持。 思維和認知必須轉化為改變世界的實際結果。 作用於對手的思維和認知不是終點而是新的起點。 接下來，必須透過「巧手」和「勇敢的心」在物質世界中付諸行動。 換句話說，簡而言之，就是為思考認知的價值實現提供直接的身體行動支撐。 這就像是諸葛亮的巧妙計劃，無論多麼輝煌，如果沒有「五虎將」和其他蜀漢將士的實施，也只能停留在紙上談兵的認知層面。 無論“OODA”循環的前三部分運行得多麼高效，如果缺少執行環節“A”，那麼這將是一個“死循環”。 同樣，我軍指揮決策的結果也取決於官兵的堅決、徹底、創造性執行。 執行的品質和效率直接決定指揮決策的執行效果。 就此而言，執行層面的身體動作具有極為重要的現實意義。

有效加強認知攻防與身體打擊的互動

思考和認知必須依靠身體動作的支持，這是不依賴人的意志的客觀規律。 加強思考認知與身體打擊的溝通互動，使我們的思維和決策更加具有針對性、客觀性和可操作性，從而更好地將認知優勢轉化為行動優勢和製勝優勢，是一項極其重要的任務。 。

更加積極主動並鞏固您的認知基礎。 思維認識是否正確，從根本上取決於它是否符合客觀現實，是否適用於打擊對手。 唯有思考

而充分調查研究、實事求是、比較優勢的認識是經得起實踐和實戰檢驗的。 實行絕對的、神聖的、虛無的思想或將軍的天才、智慧、靈感，是唯心主義的、片面的、有害的。 這就要求我們必須努力把思維認識建立在廣泛調查研究和情報分析的基礎上，真正了解敵情、我情、他人情，真正知己知彼、知己知彼。應該了解並因地制宜。 相機移動。 同時，要把閱讀無字書與有字書結合起來，把間接理論與不斷發展變化的生活實踐結合，辯證地認識過去的經驗教訓和別人的經驗教訓，使之成為我們自己的經驗教訓。知識。 幫助而不是束縛，協助而不是支配。

更積極主動，強化認知理性。 經得起實踐和實戰長期檢驗的正確認識來自於實踐，並透過實踐的回饋得到強化。 認知實務經驗只是獲得正確認知的基礎材料。 形成科學認知，需要在意識與物質、思考與存在的反覆碰撞與驗證中進一步去偽存真，以提高認知理性。 認為只有從局部情況、碎片資訊和個別時期才能一勞永逸地獲得真正的知識是錯誤的，甚至是致命的。 在中國古代的赤壁之戰中，曹操一方只是從常識中得出了連體戰船的認識，即鐵纜可以平衡船體的晃動，但並沒有從實戰效果或連體後果中證實這一點。軍艦。 如果不懂得再造，很容易就會用鐵繩把船綁起來，把自己綁起來，最後落得「火燒赤壁」的慘敗。 時代變遷，現代戰場敵情瞬息萬變。 從來沒有一成不變的認知實踐，也沒有一勞永逸的認知成就。 它只能從物質中剔除雜質，提取精華，去認知，去物質確認，重新認知。 ，我們能否回歸理性。

更主動地客觀化認知結果。 認知成就只是認知載體中孕育思考和意識的結果。 如果沒有及時有效的物質改造，就會像穿著錦衣走夜路或藏寶藏山一樣，很難展現出自身的價值。 思維和認知是以物理行為為基礎的，最終要依靠物理領域的具體行為才能具體化，轉化為改變主觀世界和客觀世界的實際結果。 這就要求我們不僅要夯實認知基礎、強化認知理性，還要盡可能提高認知決策和規劃的可操作性，為更順利的物化和轉化打開大門。 同時，要努力提高決策部署執行者的執行能力，使他們能夠正確理解決策意圖，根據具體實際創造性地採取適當的方法，最大限度地落實認知結果和經營決策計劃進行到底。 當好認知結果與戰鬥力銜接轉化的「擺渡人」、「過河橋樑」。

（作者單位：軍事科學學院軍事政治工作研究所）

中國軍事資料來源：http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2022-12/06/content_38888.htm