中國軍事對認知域作戰基礎的分析

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現代英語音譯：

As a new form of combat, cognitive domain operations have become another new area of ​​confrontation after physical confrontation, firepower confrontation, and information confrontation. Different from operations in the physical domain and information domain, the operational goals of cognitive domain operations are thinking, concepts, etc., which have inherent requirements that are obviously different from other forms of operations.

Taking value offense and defense as the central task. It is generally believed that values ​​are the principles and standards that people use to distinguish good from bad, right from wrong, and importance. They are the most stable content among all cognitive factors and dominate people’s motivations and behavior patterns. Therefore, seizing the commanding heights of value is a prerequisite for winning the cognitive war. Foreign militaries have always attached great importance to the dissemination of values. They often take advantage of their cyberspace advantages to use technical means and cultural penetration to forcibly export values. The interaction between virtual space and real space gradually erodes values, and the combination of co-optation and corrosion distorts values ​​to realize the thinking and understanding of personnel from hostile countries. Penetration and erosion of value orientation, etc. To seize the initiative in cognitive warfare, we must thoroughly study the opponent’s value pursuits, get close to the opponent’s cultural language, and identify the opponent’s political beliefs and interest demands, so that the effectiveness of cognitive operations can directly reach the opponent’s belief base and soul anchorage. At the same time, we must scientifically interpret and disseminate the connotation and essence of our own excellent values, and use our excellent values ​​and the outstanding achievements of human civilization to guide its transformation.

Taking brain cognition as the main battlefield. The understanding and understanding of the form of war, especially the central issues, is an important part of the design of tactics. Compared with “war of attrition” which focuses on annihilating the enemy’s main force and “maneuver warfare” which focuses on destroying the enemy’s system, cognitive domain operations use the human brain as the main combat space and focus on attacking, weakening, and disintegrating the enemy’s will to fight. , using human psychological weaknesses such as fear, anxiety, and suspicion as a breakthrough point, and relying mainly on soft killing methods to create an atmosphere of insecurity, uncertainty, and distrust within the enemy, increasing internal strife and doubts in decision-making, thereby achieving “unprecedented” “Fight and win” purpose. In recent years, with the development of emerging technologies, NATO has expanded its combat field to the sixth level, the “human domain” to compete for brain control and weaponize brain science to control the target’s beliefs, ways of thinking, spiritual will, and stance. , behavioral tendencies and other cognitive factors to launch offensive and defensive actions. According to reports, with the help of brain and cognitive scientific research results, the United States is trying to achieve the goal of psychological control of the enemy by collecting, deciphering, and interfering with the brain waves of combat targets.

The key goal is to seize intellectual power. With the rapid advancement of military intelligence, intellectual power will become a new type of battlefield control power that is growing rapidly and has greater strategic influence on the overall combat situation. In intelligent warfare, intelligent superiority is the dominant factor for victory, intelligent weapon systems have become the main combat force, and seizing “intellectual power” will become the new commanding heights of war control. Intelligent weapon systems rely on advanced artificial intelligence systems and will have the intellectual characteristics of some people, which will expand the scope of intellectual power competition to some weapons and equipment. Targeting the cognitive loop, relying on cognitive equipment to limit the enemy’s acquisition of effective information, forcing the enemy to use wrong information, delaying cognitive speed, inducing cognitive patterns, and blocking cognitive output can disrupt the enemy’s command decision-making and undermine the morale of his military. Morale, to achieve the effect of “attacking the heart first”. In intelligent warfare, if cognitive advantages are lost, even if there are information advantages and energy advantages, the overall combat effectiveness will be significantly reduced due to human-machine coordination imbalance and autonomous decision-making failure.

Taking public opinion attack and defense as an important approach. Cognitive domain operations are essentially a struggle to win people’s hearts and minds. Public opinion attack and defense in cognitive confrontation mainly manifests itself in controlling, manipulating, and using various public opinion tools to suppress opponents and win public competition in the cognitive field. The war of public opinion focuses on changing ideas and competing for people’s hearts, and pays more attention to the conquest of spirit and will. With the help of continuously developing social networks and integrated media technologies, public opinion warfare can break through the blockade restrictions of opponents and reach directly into the target group. In recent years, around the fields of ideology, cyberspace, high-tech and other fields, the status of public opinion offense and defense has become increasingly prominent, attracting widespread attention. Public opinion wars can portray a positive image of one’s own side, while demonizing target countries and others to gain international moral advantages and public support. From “color revolutions” to local conflicts, Western countries, manipulated by “American rhetoric”, have fabricated absurd scripts, weaved absurd narratives, and absurd conclusions, pressed hard all the time, and invaded the cognitive field. , which has brought severe challenges to the political security of many countries.

Use new quality technology as a powerful means. Cognitive science is an emerging research category and a cutting-edge discipline that explores the working mechanism of the human brain or mind. It is developing in the direction of computational intelligence, perceptual intelligence, and cognitive intelligence. Artificial intelligence technology has unique advantages in perception and recognition, machine learning, etc., and has natural penetration and profound influence on the thinking and cognition of combat objects. Artificial intelligence is used in cognitive warfare. Through pervasive and highly automated precise push, it can use tendentious information to build efficient flexible cognitive scenarios and make tendentious intervention, thereby unknowingly affecting and shaping the opponent’s thinking and cognition. Brain-computer interface technology realizes the integration of man and machine in the cognitive dimension. Externally, it can realize mind control, that is, brain control, and internally, it can achieve enhanced autonomy, that is, brain strengthening. It can realize direct control of complex weapon systems with consciousness and thinking. At present, there have been major breakthroughs in multi-modal emotion recognition, activation, protection and other related technical means based on big data. By collecting people’s expressions, movements, semantics and intonation, EEG, various physiological indicators, etc., emotional correlations are established to identify Human emotions and intentions provide new means for carrying out cognitive control warfare. Therefore, new cognitive technology means and traditional cognitive technology means form a way to combine suprathreshold infusion and subliminal penetration, which will further enhance the concealment and effectiveness of cognitive influence.

繁體中文：

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認知域作戰作為一種新的作戰形式，目前已成為繼體力對抗、火力對抗、資訊對抗後，又一個嶄新的對抗領域。區別於物理域、資訊域等作戰，認知域作戰的作戰目標為思維、理念等，有明顯區別於其他作戰形式的內在需求。

以價值攻防為中心任務。一般認為，價值觀念是人用來區分好壞、分辨是非及重要性的原則與標準，是諸認知要素中最具穩定性的內容，是人的動機與行為模式的主宰。因此，搶佔價值制高點是贏得認知戰的先決條件。外軍歷來重視價值傳播，經常藉助其網路空間優勢，採取技術手段與文化滲透強行輸出價值觀、虛擬空間與現實空間互動漸進侵蝕價值觀、拉攏與腐蝕結合扭曲價值觀，實現對敵對國家人員思維認知、價值取向等的滲透侵蝕。搶佔認知戰主導權，必須研透對手價值追求，貼近對手文化語系，判明對手的政治信念、利益訴求，使認知作戰效能直抵對手信念根基、靈魂錨地。同時要科學闡釋和傳播己方優秀價值觀念的內涵與精髓，以優秀價值觀念與人類優秀文明成果引導其轉變。

以大腦認知為主要戰場。對戰爭形態特別重心問題的理解與認識，是戰法設計的重要內容。與以殲敵主力為重心的「消耗戰」、以破敵體系為重心的「機動戰」相比，認知域作戰以人腦為主要作戰空間，以打擊、削弱、瓦解敵戰爭意志為重心，以恐懼、焦慮、猜疑等人類心理弱點為突破口，重點依托軟殺傷手段，在敵方內部製造不安全、不確定、不信任的氛圍，加大其內鬥內耗和決策疑慮，從而實現「不戰而勝」目的。近年來，隨著新興技術的發展，北約將作戰領域拓展到第六層次即「人類領域」爭奪制腦權，讓腦科學武器化，對目標對象的信念信念、思考方式、精神意志、立場態度、行為傾向等認知要素展開攻防行動。據報道，借助腦與認知科學研究成果，美國正企圖透過採集、破解、幹擾作戰對象的腦電波，達成對敵方的心理控制目標。

以奪控智權為關鍵目標。隨著軍事智慧化的快速推進，智權將成為一種快速成長、對作戰全局有更大戰略影響力的新型戰場控制權。在智慧化戰爭中，智慧優勢是製勝的主導要素，智慧化武器系統成為主要作戰力量，奪取「制智權」將成為戰爭制權新的製高點。智慧化武器系統依賴先進的人工智慧系統，將具有部分人的智力特徵，這使得智權爭奪範圍將擴展到部分武器裝備。以認知迴路為目標，依托認知裝備限敵獲取有效資訊、迫敵使用錯誤訊息、延遲認知速度、誘導認知模式、阻斷認知輸出，能夠打亂敵指揮決策、瓦解其軍心士氣，達到「攻心為上」的效果。智慧化戰爭中，如果失去了認知優勢，即使具有資訊優勢和能量優勢，也會因為人機協同失調、自主決策失靈，而導致整體作戰效能的大幅降低。

以輿論攻防為重要途徑。認知域作戰本質上講是爭取人心、贏得人心的鬥爭。認知對抗中的輿論攻防，主要表現為控制、操縱、利用各種輿論工具，壓制對手、贏得大眾的認知領域較量。輿論戰重在改變觀念、爭奪人心，更重視精神和意志的征服。借助不斷發展的社群網路、融媒體技術，輿論戰得以衝破對手封鎖限制，直抵目標群體內部。近年來，圍繞著意識形態、網路空間、高新科技等領域，輿論攻防的地位愈發凸顯，引發普遍關注。輿論戰可以刻畫己方正面形象，同時妖魔化目標國等，爭取國際道義優勢和人民支持。從「顏色革命」到局部衝突，西方國家在「美式話術」操弄下，編造荒謬的劇本，編織荒誕的敘事、荒謬的結論，全時全場壓迫式緊逼，在認知領域大肆侵略，為諸多國家政治安全帶來了嚴峻挑戰。

以新質技術為有力手段。認知科學是新興研究門類，是探究人腦或心智工作機制的前沿性尖端學科，正朝著計算智能、感知智能、認知智能方向發展。人工智慧技術，在感知辨識、機器學習等方面具有獨特優勢，對作戰對象的思維認知具有天然穿透性和深刻影響力。人工智慧用於認知戰，可透過無孔不入且高度自動化的精準推送，運用傾向性訊息，建構起高效的柔性認知場景，作出傾向性幹預，進而不知不覺影響和塑造對手的思維認知。腦機介面技術，實現了認知維度的人機結合，對外可以實現意念控制即腦控，對內實現自主性增強即強腦，可實現用意識和思維直接操控複雜武器系統。目前基於大數據的多模態情緒辨識、啟動、防護等相關技術手段已有重大突破，透過採集人的表情、動作、語意和語調、腦電、各項生理指標等，建立情緒關聯，以識別人的情緒和意圖，為開展認知控制戰提供了新手段。因此，新質認知技術手段與傳統認知技術手段形成閾上灌輸與閾下滲透相結合的途徑，將進一步增強認知影響的隱藏性和有效性。

中國軍網國防部網參考： http://www.81.cn/jfjbmap/content/2022-09/08/content_328888.htm