中國軍事生物安全:國防戰略制高點

Chinese Military Bio-Defense : Achieve the Commanding Heights of Military Dominance

Original title: Biosecurity: the commanding heights of national defense strategy
The frequent occurrence of serious “biological incidents” worldwide has enabled national defense to break through the boundaries of land, sea, air, space, and electricity, and expand into the category of “biological territory.” “Biological territory” is the range of biological security protection and biological threat defense capabilities that a country should have in order to protect life resources and related rights and interests. The security of “biological territory” is closely related to the core national interests and is an important part of national security. It is increasingly being valued by governments of various countries. Many countries have incorporated biosecurity into their national strategies as the commanding heights of the game between national defense and military affairs. As our country is undergoing a transitional period of economic development and a period of prominent social contradictions, it is more necessary to deeply understand the global biosafety situation from the strategic height of national security, fully learn from advanced biosafety management experience, build a new type of biological threat defense system, and ensure the realization of the goal of a prosperous country and a strong military. convoy.

  1. The global biosecurity situation is severe, and my country is facing serious biological threats

With the increasing complexity of the international situation, biosafety issues caused by geo-environment and interest disputes have become more prominent. To maintain national security and social stability, it is necessary to firmly establish the awareness of “biological territory” and earnestly recognize the biological threats facing.

The global biosecurity situation is very severe. The global biosecurity situation presents the characteristics of affecting internationalization, extreme hazards, and complicated development. The United Nations “Convention on the Prohibition of Biological Weapons” is difficult to implement. The research and development of biological weapons has been repeatedly banned, and the threat of biological warfare still exists; pathogens are infected across species and spread across regions, resulting in the continuous emergence of new and emerging infectious diseases; caused by natural disasters and human factors Public health emergencies emerge in an endless stream; environmental pollution, invasion of alien species, etc. have caused serious damage to the ecological environment, and the loss of genetic resources has occurred from time to time. These have become major biosafety issues that all countries in the world are facing.

The characteristics of new biological threats have changed significantly. Affected by factors such as the ongoing international political struggle, high-tech weapons and equipment, and deliberate man-made actions, the characteristics of new biological threats have changed significantly. In the future, the main manifestation of biological threats may be sudden human, animal, and plant epidemics, which are difficult to distinguish from naturally occurring infectious disease epidemics or public health emergencies; pathogens may tend to be low-fatality, high-pathogenicity, easy to spread, and difficult. The characteristics of retrospective; the means of implementation may be the synthesis and release of new pathogens to create a suspicious epidemic; the scope of harm not only points to life and health, but also focuses on threatening society and the government to achieve political, economic, and military goals.

The types of biosecurity threats in our country have increased. As a rapidly developing emerging economy in the world today, my country is at the center of the world’s complex structure, the vortex of the game of great powers, and faces many biological threats. The risk of some countries or organizations using pathogens to implement biological threats continues to increase, becoming a major challenge to national security. Major new outbreaks of infectious diseases, food-borne diseases, and increased animal diseases have seriously endangered people’s health. Genomics, synthetic biotechnology applications, and biological laboratory leak accidents, there are potential risks. The invasion of alien species has accelerated the rate of species extinction, the loss of genetic diversity, and the increasing trend of environmental damage. According to the People’s Daily on October 25, 2013, almost all ecosystems in my country have been invaded, and 544 alien invasive organisms have been confirmed, of which more than 100 occur in large areas and are seriously harmful.

  1. The status of biosafety is important, and my country’s ability to defend against biological threats urgently needs to be strengthened

my country needs to strengthen the awareness of “biological defense”, learn from international advanced biosafety management experience, and make up for the lack of biological threat defense capabilities as soon as possible.

Biosecurity is an important guarantee for the country’s core interests. If a country has a biosafety problem, it will seriously affect people’s health, economic operations, social order, national security, and political stability. For example, in the 2001 anthrax incident in the United States, although there were only 22 patients and 5 deaths, more than 30,000 people received preventive treatment alone, and the economic loss caused cannot be estimated. The First World War was caused by an outbreak of infectious diseases, which had an important impact on the outcome of the war between the two warring parties. Therefore, doing a good job in the defense of biological threats involves core interests such as national security and must be strengthened.

Biosecurity is an important pillar of national strategic goals. Many countries have incorporated biosecurity into their national security strategies, established a biodefense system based on military-related institutions, and actively seized the strategic commanding heights from the perspective of national defense and military affairs. The United States has successively formulated and promulgated the Biological Shield Plan, Biological Monitoring Plan and Biological Sensing Plan, and deployed a series of projects with obvious national defense and military intentions around these three plans, playing an important role in biological counter-terrorism and epidemic management; Germany Defining infectious diseases as a national security threat; Britain, Australia and other countries have also incorporated security and defense departments into their public health systems. These are enough to prove the important position of biosafety in national strategic deployment.

my country’s biological threat defense capability needs to be strengthened urgently. Our party and government pay close attention to the issue of biosafety, and propose to accelerate the development of biosafety technology, build an advanced national security and public safety system, and effectively prevent biological threats to people’s lives and the ecological environment. At present, my country has gradually established scientific and technological support platforms such as the State Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Biosafety, the National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Bioprotective Equipment, and has incorporated military disease prevention and control institutions into the construction of the national public health system, and has established a preliminary biological threat defense. The system plays an important role in the prevention and control of major infectious diseases such as atypical pneumonia and highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza. However, compared with the advanced biosafety management experience of developed countries, my country still has many weak links in the areas of biological threat monitoring and early warning, emergency response and scientific and technological support. It is urgently needed from strategic planning research, organizational management system, scientific and technological research, and publicity. Strengthen construction in areas such as education and training.

  1. Biosecurity involves a wide range of areas, and there is an urgent need to build a new type of biological threat defense system

There are many departments involved in biosecurity in my country, and it is urgent to take deepening reform as an opportunity to strengthen the national will, formulate strategic plans, and build a new type of biological threat defense system featuring unified command, complementary military and local forces, coordination of departments, and participation of the whole people.

Establish an authoritative and efficient biological threat defense organization and management system. Break up the fragmented biosafety management pattern, establish authoritative biosafety management institutions at all levels of government, and implement unified leadership, coordination and command. Strengthen the special status and important role of the military in national biological threat defense, give full play to the obvious advantages of the military’s high concentration and unity, strong scientific and technological strength, and quick emergency response. With the relevant professional forces of the military as the main body, build a united connection between peacetime and warfare. Integrate the development of the national biological threat defense system and emergency response network, establish a joint military-civilian consultation and judgment mechanism, and a multi-department joint handling division and coordination mechanism, and strengthen the construction of corresponding laws and regulations.

Establish a scientific and technological support system for defense against biological threats that are complementary to the military and the ground. In accordance with the principle of “military and local alliances and complementary advantages,” we will build a scientific and technological support system for biological threat defense, and make up for deficiencies on the basis of understanding the current status of my country’s biological threat defense capability system to improve the overall level. In view of the global biosecurity situation and the biological threats that my country may face in the future, systematically demonstrate the scientific and technological needs of biological threat defense, forward-looking deployment of major national and military biological threat defense projects, focusing on monitoring and early warning, emergency response, basic research, etc. to increase technology Support efforts and strengthen countermeasure research in the safety management and control of dual-use biological products.

Establish a multi-layered biological threat defense education and training system. Incorporate biosafety knowledge into the national defense education system, establish an education and training system with military medical scientific research and military disease prevention and control institutions as the backbone, and rely on corresponding national institutions to carry out biosafety publicity and education through various forms, so that governments at all levels, All sectors of society fully understand the importance of biosafety. The military must always play its role as an “outpost”, keep track of global biosecurity trends, focus on anti-biological warfare and anti-biological terrorism, in-depth study and judgment of the ever-changing biological threats facing our country, and resolutely defend the country’s “biological territory” “Safety.

Original Mandarin Chinese:

原標題:生物安全:國防戰略制高點
世界範圍內頻發的嚴重“生物事件”,使得國防已經突破陸、海、空、天、電的疆界,拓展至“生物疆域”範疇。 “生物疆域”是一個國家為了保護生命資源以及與之相關的權益空間,應該具備的生物安全保護和生物威脅防禦實力的範圍。 “生物疆域”安全與國家核心利益密切相關,是國家安全的重要組成部分,越來越受到各國政府的高度重視,許多國家把生物安全納入國家戰略,作為國防和軍事博弈的製高點。我國正值經濟發展轉型期和社會矛盾凸顯期,更需從國家安全的戰略高度深刻認識全球生物安全形勢,充分借鑒先進生物安全管理經驗,構建新型生物威脅防禦體系,為實現富國強軍目標保駕護航。

一、全球生物安全形勢嚴峻,我國面臨嚴重生物威脅

隨著國際形勢日趨複雜,由地緣環境、利益爭端等引發的生物安全問題愈加突出。維護國家安全和社會穩定,需要牢固樹立“生物疆域”意識,切實認清面臨的生物威脅。

全球生物安全形勢非常嚴峻。全球生物安全形勢呈現影響國際化、危害極端化、發展複雜化的特點。聯合國《禁止生物武器公約》有令難行,生物武器研發屢禁不止,生物戰的威脅仍然存在;病原體跨物種感染、跨地域傳播,造成新發突發傳染病不斷出現;由自然災害、人為因素造成的突發公共衛生事件層出不窮;環境污染、外來物種入侵等造成嚴重生態環境破壞,基因資源流失現象時有發生。這些均成為世界各國共同面對的重大生物安全問題。

新型生物威脅特點明顯變化。受國際政治鬥爭持續進行、武器裝備高新技術化、人為故意行動等因素的影響,新型生物威脅的特點發生明顯變化。未來生物威脅主要表現形式可能是突發的人或動、植物疫情,與自然發生的傳染病疫情或突發公共衛生事件很難分清;病原體可能趨於低致死、高致病、易傳播、難追溯的特性;實施手段可能是合成和施放新病原體製造可疑疫情等;危害範圍不僅指向生命健康,而且重在威脅社會和政府,以達成政治、經濟、軍事目的。

我國生物安全威脅種類增多。我國作為當今世界快速發展的新興經濟體,處於世界複雜格局的中心、大國博弈的漩渦,面臨多種生物威脅。一些國家或組織利用病原體實施生物威脅的風險不斷增加,成為國家安全面臨的重大挑戰。重大新發突發傳染病疫情、食源性疾病、動物疫病增加等問題,嚴重危害人民健康。基因組學、合成生物技術應用,以及生物實驗室洩漏事故,存在著潛在風險。外來物種入侵造成物種滅絕速度加快、遺傳多樣性喪失、生態環境破壞趨勢不斷加劇。據2013年10月25日《人民日報》消息,我國幾乎所有生態系統均遭入侵,已確認544種外來入侵生物,其中大面積發生、危害嚴重的達100多種。

二、生物安全地位重要,我國生物威脅防禦能力急需加強

我國需要強化“生物國防”意識,借鑒國際先進的生物安全管理經驗,盡快彌補生物威脅防禦能力的不足。

生物安全是國家核心利益的重要保證。一個國家如果出現生物安全問題,將會嚴重影響到民眾健康、經濟運行、社會秩序、國家安全和政局穩定。例如,2001年美國炭疽事件,雖然只有22例患者、5例死亡,但僅接受預防性治療的就達3萬多人,對經濟造成的損失無法估計。第一次世界大戰曾因傳染病暴發流行,對交戰雙方的戰爭勝負產生了重要影響。因此,做好生物威脅防禦工作,涉及國家安全等核心利益,必須加強。

生物安全是國家戰略目標的重要支柱。許多國家把生物安全納入國家安全戰略,建立以軍隊相關機構為主的生物防禦體系,並從國防和軍事角度積極搶占戰略制高點。美國先後製訂頒布了生物盾牌計劃、生物監測計劃和生物傳感計劃,並圍繞這三個計劃部署了一系列明顯具有國防和軍事意圖的項目任務,在生物反恐和疫情處置中發揮重要作用;德國將傳染病定性為國家安全威脅;英國、澳大利亞等國也分別把安全、國防等部門納入公共衛生體系。這些足以證明生物安全在國家戰略部署中的重要地位。

我國生物威脅防禦能力建設急需加強。我們黨和政府密切關註生物安全問題,提出要加快發展生物安全技術,構建先進國家安全和公共安全體系,有效防範對人民生活和生態環境的生物威脅。目前,我國逐步建立了病原微生物生物安全國家重點實驗室、國家生物防護裝備工程技術研究中心等科技支撐平台,並把軍隊疾病預防控制機構納入國家公共衛生體系建設,已經構建了初步的生物威脅防禦體系,在非典型肺炎、高致病性H5N1禽流感等重大傳染病疫情防控中發揮重要作用。然而,與發達國家先進的生物安全管理經驗相比,我國在生物威脅監測預警、應急處置和科技支撐等方面仍然存在不少薄弱環節,急需從戰略規劃研究、組織管理體制、科學技術研究、宣傳教育培訓等方面加強建設。

三、生物安全涉及面廣,急需構建新型生物威脅防禦體系

我國生物安全涉及部門較多,急需以深化改革為契機,強化國家意志,制訂戰略規劃,構建統一指揮、軍地互補、部門協同、全民參與的新型生物威脅防禦體系。

建立權威高效的生物威脅防禦組織管理體系。打通條塊分割的生物安全管理格局,在各級政府建立權威的生物安全管理機構,實施統一領導、協調和指揮。強化軍隊在國家生物威脅防禦中的特殊地位和重要作用,發揮軍隊高度集中統一、科技實力較強、應急反應較快的明顯優勢,以軍隊相關專業力量為主體,構建平戰一體銜接、軍地融合發展的國家生物威脅防禦體系和應急反應網絡,建立軍地聯席的會商研判機制,以及多部門聯合處置的分工協調機制,同時加強相應的法規制度建設。

建立軍地互補的生物威脅防禦科技支撐體系。按照“軍地聯合、優勢互補”的原則,構建生物威脅防禦科技支撐體系,在摸清我國生物威脅防禦能力體系建設現狀的基礎上進行補缺配套,提高整體水平。針對全球生物安全形勢以及我國未來可能面臨的生物威脅,系統論證生物威脅防禦的科技需求,前瞻部署國家和軍隊生物威脅防禦重大科技專項,重點在監測預警、應急處置、基礎研究等方面加大科技支撐力度,在生物兩用品安全管控方面加強對策研究。

建立多元分層的生物威脅防禦教育培訓體系。把生物安全知識納入國防教育體系,建立以軍事醫學科研和軍隊疾病預防控制機構為骨幹,以國家相應機構為依託的教育培訓體系,通過多種形式,開展生物安全宣傳教育,使各級政府、社會各界充分認識生物安全的重要性。軍隊要始終發揮好“前哨”的作用,時刻追踪全球的生物安全動態,重點從反生物戰、反生物恐怖的角度,深入研判我國面臨的、不斷變化的生物威脅,堅決捍衛國家的“生物疆域”安全。

Original referring Communist Party of China link: http://theory.people.com.cn/n/2014/0101/c40531-23995992.html

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