Understanding Xi Jinping’s focus on “military-civilian integration”
中共中央政治局1月22日召開會議,決定設立中央軍民融合發展委員會,由習近平任主任。中央軍民融合發展委員會是中央層面軍民融合發展重大問題的決策和議事協調機構,統一領導軍民融合深度發展,向中央政治局、中央政治局常務委員會負責。
習主席高度重視經濟建設和國防建設融合發展的問題。這些年,習近平反復在多個場合提到“軍民融合”。2015年3月12日,習近平在出席十二屆全國人大三次會議解放軍代表團全體會議時強調“把軍民融合發展上升為國家戰略”。去年3月25日和10月19日,習近平在出席中共中央政治局會議和在北京參觀第二屆軍民融合發展高技術成果展時,又分別強調軍民融合是“一項利國利軍利民的大戰略”“關乎國家安全和發展全局”。這充分體現了習主席對軍民融合的深謀遠慮和強烈憂患。
當今時代,國防建設和經濟建設的關系更為深刻復雜,特別是技術方面,軍事技術和民用技術兩者的通用性越來越強。從美國的高科技發展史可以看出,從計算機、通信網絡、航空航天、核工業,到先進制造業等各個領域,都和它的軍事工業有聯系。據統計,85%的現代軍事核心技術同時也是民用關鍵技術;80%以上的民用關鍵技術被直接運用于軍事目的。美國前國防部長佩里估計,利用民用高技術開發軍品及擴大采用民品,每年可節省大約300億美元的國防開支,而且還可精減20%以上的采辦人員,同時可以利用國防經濟和軍用技術帶動和促進民用經濟技術發展。他甚至認為,美國軍事變革的重要方面就是把民用技術運用到軍事領域,是一場資源配置方式的根本變革。美國每隔10年左右就推出一個軍民兩用技術發展計劃,依靠這些計劃,美國高新技術產業相繼涌現,始終保持超前于世界其他國家一至兩代的領先地位。俄羅斯一度繼承蘇聯“軍民分離”的國防經濟管理體制,普京上任後對軍事工業實行全面改革,大力推進軍民融合,發展軍民兩用技術,軍民融合式發展取得顯著成效。由此可見,當前走軍民融合式發展路子,已成為符合時代潮流的、世界大多數國家的一致政策取向。
進入21世紀新階段,隨著信息時代的到來,戰爭形態正從機械化戰爭向信息化戰爭轉變。從信息化條件下作戰特點來看,交戰雙方往往會為了實現其戰略企圖,在短時間內聚合戰爭能量對對方施以毀滅性打擊,作戰具有爆發突然、持續時間短、作戰節奏快的特點,更加強調初戰決勝。在此背景下,戰爭潛力向戰爭實力的轉換能力、平時向戰時的轉換能力更加重要。從我軍的實際情況看,目前仍處于機械化、信息化復合發展的特定歷史階段,制約發展的體制性障礙和結構性矛盾還比較多,特別是國防科技自主創新能力較弱,武器裝備與世界水平還有較大的差距。因此,緊緊抓住信息化這一主要矛盾,在一些關鍵項目和環節上實行重點突破,搶佔軍事信息技術的制高點,以局部躍升推動和促進軍隊的現代化整體建設,是我軍現代化發展途徑的科學抉擇。而另一方面的事實是,目前我國許多科技型企業,特別是在IT領域的企業,已經具備相當高的甚至比國防工業中同領域企業更強的實力,信息化技術和產業的領軍大部分在民用高科技企業,而且這種趨勢仍然在發展。這充分說明,抓住國家經濟快速發展與建設現代化軍隊的歷史機遇,走軍民融合式發展之路,建立起高效調動與轉化國家整體力量的國防動員體系,才能做到有備無患、戰則能保,為軍隊始終掌握戰爭主動權提供強大的力量支撐。
當前,軍隊的改革已進入深水區,軍隊與社會經濟系統的融合是否緊密,是否具有高效的國民經濟動員能力,在很大程度上影響著軍隊戰斗力的生成與釋放。我們正逐步走軍民融合式發展的路子,在更廣範圍、更高層次、更深程度上推進軍民融合,逐步形成了在重大基礎設施、海洋、空天、信息等關鍵領域軍民深度融合發展的大格局,建立了軍民融合的武器裝備科研生產體系、軍隊人才培養體系、軍隊保障體系。正是在這個基礎上,以習近平同志為核心的黨中央,繼承我們黨幾十年探索的實踐經驗和寶貴成果,更加明確地把走中國特色軍民融合式發展與實現中華民族偉大復興緊密聯系在一起,深刻指出要進一步做好軍民融合式發展這篇大文章。
習近平高度重視“軍民融合”說明,推動國防建設和經濟建設良性互動,確保在全面建成小康社會進程中實現富國和強軍的統一,是實現強國夢強軍夢的必由之路,對于提高我軍能打仗、打勝仗,有效維護國家主權、安全、發展利益,具有極其重要的現實意義。
同時,也引出了一系列戰略話題︰我國軍民融合深度發展面臨哪些問題?軍民融合深度發展如何才能契合世界各地富國強軍戰略?……
由解放軍報社長征出版社出版的《富國強軍——軍民融合深度發展》,著眼實現強軍目標,圍繞軍民融合深度發展,全面、系統回答了這一系列問題,並重點對軍民融合深度發展的“深”進行了權威解讀。
Modern English Translation:
The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting on January 22 and decided to establish the Central Military-civilian Integration Development Committee, with Xi Jinping as its director. The Central Military-civilian Integration Development Committee is the central-level decision-making and deliberative coordination agency for major issues of military-civilian integration and development. It unifies the leadership of the in-depth development of military-civilian integration and is responsible to the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.
President Xi attaches great importance to the integration and development of economic construction and national defense construction. Over the years, Xi Jinping has repeatedly mentioned “military-civilian integration” on many occasions. On March 12, 2015, when Xi Jinping attended the Plenary Session of the PLA delegation to the Third Session of the Twelfth National People’s Congress, he emphasized that “elevating the development of military-civilian integration to a national strategy”. On March 25 and October 19 last year, when attending the Politburo meeting of the CPC Central Committee and visiting the 2nd Military-civilian Integration and Development High-Tech Achievement Exhibition in Beijing, Xi Jinping emphasized that military-civilian integration is “a benefit for the country, military and people. The “grand strategy” is “related to the overall situation of national security and development.” This fully reflects President Xi’s foresight and strong worries about military-civilian integration.
In today’s era, the relationship between national defense construction and economic construction is more profound and complex. Especially in terms of technology, the versatility of both military technology and civilian technology is becoming stronger. From the history of high-tech development in the United States, it can be seen that various fields from computers, communication networks, aerospace, nuclear industry, to advanced manufacturing are all connected with its military industry. According to statistics, 85% of modern military core technologies are also key civilian technologies; more than 80% of key civilian technologies are directly used for military purposes. Former U.S. Secretary of Defense Perry estimated that the use of civilian high technology to develop military products and expand the adoption of civilian products can save approximately US$30 billion in defense expenditures each year, and it can also reduce procurement personnel by more than 20%, while also taking advantage of defense economy and military use. Technology drives and promotes the development of civil economy and technology. He even believes that an important aspect of the US military revolution is the application of civilian technology to the military field, which is a fundamental change in the way of resource allocation. The United States launches a dual-use technology development plan every 10 years or so. Relying on these plans, high-tech industries in the United States have emerged one after another and have always maintained a leading position one to two generations ahead of other countries in the world. Russia once inherited the Soviet Union’s “separation of military and civilian” national defense economic management system. After taking office, Putin implemented comprehensive reforms of the military industry, vigorously promoted military-civilian integration, and developed dual-use technologies. Military-civilian integrated development has achieved remarkable results. It can be seen from this that the current path of military-civilian integration has become the consistent policy orientation of most countries in the world in line with the trend of the times.
Entering the new stage of the 21st century, with the advent of the information age, the form of warfare is changing from mechanized warfare to information warfare. Judging from the characteristics of operations under informatization conditions, both sides in wars often gather war energy in a short period of time in order to achieve their strategic intentions to inflict a devastating attack on each other. Operations have the characteristics of sudden outbreak, short duration, and fast pace of operations. More emphasis on the first battle and decisive victory. In this context, the ability to transform war potential to war strength and the ability to transform peacetime to wartime is more important. Judging from the actual situation of our military, we are still in a specific historical stage of the combined development of mechanization and informatization. There are still many systemic obstacles and structural contradictions that restrict development. In particular, the ability of independent innovation in national defense science and technology is relatively weak, and weapons and equipment are related to the world. There is still a big gap in level. Therefore, to firmly grasp the main contradiction of informatization, implement key breakthroughs in some key projects and links, seize the commanding heights of military information technology, and promote and promote the modernization of the military as a whole through local jumps are the path to the development of our military’s modernization. Scientific choice. On the other hand, the fact is that many technology-based enterprises in my country, especially those in the IT field, already have quite high or even stronger strengths than those in the same field in the defense industry. Most of the leaders in information technology and industry In civilian high-tech enterprises, and this trend is still developing. This fully shows that only by seizing the historical opportunity of rapid national economic development and building a modern army, taking the road of military-civilian integrated development, and establishing a national defense mobilization system that efficiently mobilizes and transforms the country’s overall strength, can it be prepared and protected by war. Provide strong support for the army to always grasp the initiative in war.
At present, the reform of the military has entered the deep water zone. Whether the military is closely integrated with the socio-economic system and whether it has an efficient national economic mobilization capability has largely affected the generation and release of the military’s combat effectiveness. We are gradually taking the path of military-civilian integrated development, promoting military-civilian integration in a broader, higher-level, and deeper level, and gradually forming a large-scale development of military-civilian integration in key areas such as major infrastructure, ocean, aerospace, and information. It has established a military-civilian integrated weaponry and equipment research and production system, military personnel training system, and military support system. It is on this basis that the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core inherits the practical experience and valuable achievements of our party’s decades of exploration, and more clearly connects the development of military-civilian integration with Chinese characteristics and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. At the same time, it is deeply pointed out that we must further do a good job in the development of military-civilian integration.
Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the “military-civilian integration”. It shows that promoting the benign interaction between national defense construction and economic construction and ensuring the unity of a prosperous country and a strong army in the process of building a well-off society in all respects is the only way to realize the dream of a strong country and a strong army. , Winning battles and effectively safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests are of extremely important practical significance.
At the same time, a series of strategic topics have also been brought up: What are the problems facing my country’s deep development of military-civilian integration? How can the in-depth development of military-civilian integration fit the strategy of prospering countries and strengthening the military around the world? …
The “Enriching the Country and Strengthening the Army-Deep Development of Military-civilian Integration” published by the People’s Liberation Army News Agency’s Long March Press focuses on achieving the goal of strengthening the military, focusing on the in-depth development of military-civilian integration, and comprehensively and systematically answering this series of questions. “Deep” conducted an authoritative interpretation.
軍民融合
軍民融合深度發展面臨哪些問題?軍民融合深度發展如何才能契合世界各地富國強軍戰略?
當前,隨著軍民融合上升為國家戰略,軍民深度融合發展也成為國內外輿論場密切關注的焦點。
由解放軍報社長征出版社出版的《富國強軍——軍民融合深度發展》(以下簡稱《富國強軍》),全面、系統回答了這一系列問題。
此書入選“‘十二五’國家重點圖書出版規劃項目”“慶祝新中國成立65周年主題出版項目”“國家出版基金項目”等重要主題出版項目,是解放軍報社長征出版社和國防大學專家團隊精心打造的“強軍夢系列叢書”之一。作者陳昱澍、李善東先後多次參與國家和軍隊重點科研課題,榮獲多項國家和軍隊獎項,發表的數十篇前沿軍事理論論文大多引起廣泛關注。此書將他倆一系列研究成果精華融會貫通,一經推出,就引起積極反響。
《富國強軍》,從全新視角,客觀分析了新形勢下軍民融合式發展的時代價值;系統闡述了軍民深度融合發展在實現中國夢、強軍夢中的戰略地位;全面論述了在新的歷史條下軍民深度融合的新特點、新趨勢,描述了我國軍民融合發展的成效和現狀;探索提出了推進軍民深度融合發展的途徑和方法。其中,重點對軍民融合深度發展的“深”進行了權威解讀——
深在軍民一體推進。軍民融合發展則國家興盛。本書明確提出,一體推進,是軍民融合式發展的總體思路。其實質就是將傳統的軍民分割形成的社會總資源轉換成軍民雙向互動的高效資源,實現國防建設和經濟建設資源的最優配置,最大限度地提升國家的綜合國力,進而實現富國和強軍的統一。
深在鑄造利劍。建立軍民融合式武器裝備科研生產體系是大勢所趨。本書明確提出,深化武器裝備科研生產軍民融合發展,應堅持市場化導向,著眼形成“開放、競爭、共享”的發展格局,通過關鍵領域、關鍵環節的改革強固武器裝備科研生產軍民融合式市場基礎,努力將武器裝備建設深深根植于國家大工業基礎之中,吸引更多優勢資源向武器裝備科研生產領域集聚。
深在提高綜合效益。軍隊能打勝仗,作戰保障是關鍵。本書明確提出,要實現綜合高效的軍民融合,必須建立軍民融合式軍隊人才培養體系、軍民融合式軍隊保障體系、軍民融合式國防動員體系,完善系統配套的軍民融合式發展的基本保障。
《富國強軍》適應了全媒體時代受眾的審美情趣。本書觀點新穎、內容飽滿、前瞻性強,總體體現了“專家視野+基層口吻解讀+案例索引”的概念,適應了全媒體時代受眾的審美情趣。
全書依托十八大報告關于“加快推進國防和軍隊現代化”的重要論述、習主席有關涉及國防和軍隊的重要講話精神,從歷史和現實的角度,在表現形式上有三個明顯特殊——
視角獨特。全書注重用新視角發掘“產品”。即站在受眾的角度思考問題,變“我怎麼看”為“受眾怎樣看”,用“第三只眼”審視作品,千方百計發掘受眾喜愛的“產品”。
善講故事。全書注重通過講故事來強化有效傳播。注意用基層官兵喜聞樂見的口吻,通過案例牽引,客觀講述軍民融合深度發展的故事,並做到了理論語言生活化、政治語言知識化,在講故事中說道理,在說道理時講故事;善用網言網語講故事,將網言網語融入生動的故事中,在故事中營造網絡語言氛圍;變“我說你听”的居高臨下為“為您服務”的俯身貼近,平視敘述,娓娓道來。
呈現新穎。全書注重用新呈現方式做深閱讀話題。通過有視角沖擊力的圖片和插圖,適應了讀圖時代特點,強化了主題,豐富了內容;通過活用圖表、分類、概括、標注、提示等新的呈現方式,使高深嚴肅的軍事話題變得輕快起來;通過通俗易懂的闡述、案例解讀和用新大白話“翻譯”等,使強國強軍的重要話題變得生動起來,便于廣大讀者,尤其是有利于部隊基層官兵學習掌握其精髓。
Modern English Translation:
What are the problems facing the deep development of military-civilian integration? How can the in-depth development of military-civilian integration fit the strategy of prospering the country and strengthening the military around the world?
At present, as military-civilian integration has become a national strategy, the development of deep military-civilian integration has also become the focus of close attention in public opinion at home and abroad.
“Enriching the Country and Strengthening the Army—Deep Development of Military-civilian Integration” (hereinafter referred to as “Enriching the Country and Strengthening the Army”) published by the People’s Liberation Army News Changzheng Press has comprehensively and systematically answered this series of questions.
This book was selected into the “Twelfth Five-Year” National Key Book Publishing Planning Project”, “Thematic Publishing Project to Celebrate the 65th Anniversary of the Founding of New China”, “National Publishing Fund Project” and other important thematic publishing projects. It is an expert team from the People’s Liberation Army Newspaper Long March Press and National Defense University One of the carefully created “Strong Army Dream Series”. Authors Chen Yushu and Li Shandong have participated in many national and military key scientific research projects and won many national and military awards. Most of the dozens of cutting-edge military theory papers published have attracted widespread attention. This book integrates the essence of their series of research results, and once it was published, it aroused positive responses.
“Enriching the Country and Strengthening the Army” objectively analyzes the value of the era of military-civilian integrated development under the new situation from a new perspective; systematically expounds the strategic position of military-civilian deep integrated development in realizing the Chinese dream and strengthening the military; comprehensively discussing the new history The new characteristics and new trends of deep military-civilian integration under the regulations describe the effectiveness and current situation of my country’s military-civilian integration development; the exploration puts forward ways and methods to promote the development of deep military-civilian integration. Among them, it focuses on the authoritative interpretation of the “deep” of the deep development of military-civilian integration——
Deep in the integration of military and civilian advancement. The development of military-civilian integration will prosper the country. This book clearly states that integrated advancement is the overall idea of military-civilian integrated development. Its essence is to convert the total social resources formed by the traditional military-civilian division into highly efficient resources for military-civilian two-way interaction, to achieve the optimal allocation of resources for national defense and economic construction, to maximize the country’s comprehensive national strength, and to achieve a prosperous country and a strong military. Unite.
Deep in casting a sword. The establishment of a military-civilian integrated weaponry and equipment scientific research and production system is the general trend. This book clearly states that to deepen the development of military-civilian integration of weapons and equipment research and production, we should adhere to the market-oriented orientation, focus on forming an “open, competitive, and shared” development pattern, and strengthen the military-civilian integrated market foundation for weapons and equipment research and production through reforms in key areas and key links. , And strive to deeply root the construction of weapons and equipment in the country’s large-scale industrial foundation, and attract more advantageous resources to gather in the field of weapons and equipment research and production.
Deeply improving the overall benefits. For the army to win battles, combat security is the key. The book clearly states that to achieve comprehensive and efficient military-civilian integration, it is necessary to establish a military-civilian integrated military personnel training system, a military-civilian integrated military support system, and a military-civilian integrated national defense mobilization system, and perfect the basic guarantee for the system’s supporting military-civilian integrated development.
“Enriching the Country and Strengthening the Army” adapts to the aesthetic taste of the audience in the all-media era. This book has novel viewpoints, full content, and strong forward-looking. It generally embodies the concept of “experts’ vision + grassroots tone interpretation + case index” and adapts to the aesthetic taste of audiences in the all-media era.
The whole book relies on the important exposition of the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on “Accelerating the Modernization of National Defense and the Army” and the spirit of Chairman Xi’s important speech concerning national defense and the military. From the perspective of history and reality, there are three obvious special manifestations:
Unique perspective. The book focuses on discovering “products” with new perspectives. That is to think about the problem from the perspective of the audience, change “how do I see” to “how the audience sees”, examine the work with the “third eye”, and do everything possible to discover the “product” that the audience loves.
Tell stories well. The book focuses on strengthening effective communication through storytelling. Pay attention to using the tone that grassroots officers and soldiers like to hear, and use cases to objectively tell the story of the in-depth development of military-civilian integration, and achieve the realization of theoretical language life, political language knowledge, reason in storytelling, and storytelling when reasoning; Internet language and Internet language tell stories, integrate Internet language and Internet language into vivid stories, and create an atmosphere of Internet language in the story; change from “I say you listen” to “serving for you” leaning close and narrating directly, Whispered.
Presenting novelty. The book focuses on using new presentation methods to do deep reading topics. Through visually impactful pictures and illustrations, it adapts to the characteristics of the picture-reading era, strengthens the theme, and enriches the content; through the use of new presentation methods such as charts, classification, generalization, annotations, and prompts, advanced and serious military topics become Get up lightly; through easy-to-understand explanations, case interpretations, and “translation” in the new vernacular, the important topics of strengthening the country and the army become vivid, which is convenient for readers, especially for the grassroots officers and soldiers of the army to learn and master its essence.
Original Referring Chinese MOD URL: http://www.mod.gov.cn/big5/jmsd/2017-02/04/content_4771493_3.htm