中國信息化戰爭—中國未來戰爭基本形態
In the 21st century, the rapid development of high technology and extensive application, and promote the development and evolution of combat weapons and equipment, and promote the transformation and innovation and the development of institutional military doctrine, which triggered a new revolution in military affairs. Information warfare will eventually replace mechanized war, become the basic form of war. Information warfare refers to occur in the information age, information-based, using information technology as a tool of war weaponry of war. Information warfare does not change the nature of war, but the war must take into account the outcome of the mentor and the consequences of war, first in the pursuit of strategic guidance on how to achieve “the enemy without fighting the soldiers,” the strategic victory, the kind of large-scale physical destruction at the expense of traditional warfare will be greatly constraints and limitations.
Knowledge has become the main source of war to destroy the force on the right in terms of information (quantity and quality) dependence, the past is not any war and information war. In conventional war, the two sides focus more on comprehensive contest on the basis of physical force. Such as mechanized war, mainly for steel contest, contest the whole country is full of large industrial machinery production capacity. Information war contest does not exclude physical force, but more important is the contest of knowledge, innovation ability and speed of innovation contest. Knowledge will become the main source of war to destroy force, “an ounce of effect of silicon computer generated perhaps more than a ton of uranium is also big.”
Firepower, mobility, information, constitute an important part of modern military combat capability, and the ability of information has become the primary indicator to measure the level of combat capability. Information capabilities, performance in terms of information acquisition, processing, transmission, and use of confrontation, to be manifested through information superiority and competition control. Information superiority, in essence, in the understanding of the enemy at the same time prevent the enemy to understand one’s own situation, confrontation is a dynamic process. It has become a fight for air supremacy, command of the sea, land control of the premise of a direct impact on the process and outcome of the war. Of course, people will always be the master of information warfare. Plan and organize and direct the war from people completely dominated increasingly dependent on technology to develop human-machine combination of military quality requirements are higher. Information from the advantages of competition to the final decision superiority into more competitive knowledge and wisdom.
War forces will move toward information, intelligence forces of war are directly and indirectly referred to the various forces for war, to fight the information war, natural rely heavily on information, intelligence and information technology military weapons and equipment.
The most basic of war, the most significant feature is the use of the most advanced scientific and technological achievements to create the most advanced instruments of war. Information weapons and equipment is developed on the basis of mechanized equipment, such as C4ISR systems, precision-guided weapons, information warfare equipment and various high-tech combat platforms.They are highly knowledge-intensive tools of war, and thus can not be compared with the traditional tools of war performance, functionality, operational capabilities and effectiveness. At the same time, they play to the performance level and the operational level, directly restricted information, information systems and information capabilities. The army is the army of information technology refers to using information technology to weapons armed with the information age. Its unprecedented level of integration will enhance the overall combat capability more powerful, emphasizing optimal combination of combat capability, the services are just part of joint combat forces. At the same time, the size of the forces become smaller, more flexible and diverse forms of grouping, vertical command structure will also benefit from the tree into a flat network architecture. From the subordinate command relationship changed multilayer horizontal communication, and down one command relationships, delayering, put as many combat units into the same level of information, information sharing, shorten the information flow to meet the real-time command decision Claim.
War mode will tend to systematic, precise Technological development determines the evolution of tactics. With the development of weapons and equipment, the scale of war is also growing, the most prominent battlefield extended to three-dimensional space from the plane: from land to sea and air space, and then, from the visible to the invisible electromagnetic space and information space, it has formed armed day one dimensional, tangible and intangible space space Blending the new operational environment. This network battlefield is great depth, three-dimensional high, dilute the distinction between front and rear, major changes have taken place in time and space, both traditional air, naval, marine, electronic warfare, and more will be a new web-based attacks information warfare. Rely on the support of information networks, through the orderly flow of information, all combat operations within the space really blending together.
In the past, a new weapon tends to cause relatively large impact, obtain better operational effectiveness. But in the modern battlefield, the two sides are no longer hostile confrontation between a single or a few branches, but not a single weapon system confrontation, but confrontation between systems. In the information war, the extent of such a system of confrontation and even more will not emphasize the operational performance of tanks, aircraft, warships and other single combat platform, but rather to highlight the overall performance of information technology weaponry system, pay attention to multiple armed services, comprehensive combat effectiveness of a variety of weapons and equipment.
Destroy the enemy is an important part of the war. Mechanized warfare, anti-surface fire mostly destroyed, such as fire suppression, carpet bombing, saturation-type attacks. This operational mode corresponding to the extensive mode of production of the industrial age, reflecting the idea of a war of attrition, to victory in that time, space, energy, supplies and other aspects of continuous consumption and weaken the power of the enemy, and finally defeat the enemy. The precision strike in line with the characteristics and requirements of the information age, but also reflects the basic characteristics of information warfare. Intensive production model of the information age emphasizes effectiveness, efficiency, effectiveness. Weapons and equipment level of intelligence and combat accuracy was greatly improved, can be done “pinpoint” type of destroyed; also can be accurate, non-physical damage, such as psychological warfare and information warfare. In addition, the precision strike can also significantly reduce collateral damage, so that the development and the process of social civilization synchronization war, war means more conducive to play its unique role.
Course of the war would be short, controlled – the rhythm of information warfare significantly accelerated course of the war will become shorter and shorter, but the intensity is getting high, and humanity as a whole control of the war also significantly enhanced. Army should pay more attention to the quality of the information age and effectiveness. Winning quality from quantity into winning, it is one of the significant change in the war. Such as the combination of high-tech precision-guided weapons and combat platforms used to enhance the ability of the enemy to combat the standoff embodiment, can greatly reduce the loss of one’s own operations; continually improve the accuracy of the attack, it can greatly reduce the number of weapons consumption. World War II in 9000 to use bombs to blow up a goal, now 1-2 as long as missiles or guided bombs can solve the problem, operational tempo and the natural process will be faster.
Layers of advancing successive war, set small victories, this contact, wire is typical of traditional methods of warfare combat visual feedback. In information warfare, from the contact, non-line operations will be the main form of combat operations will be launched simultaneously in all the whole depth of space combat and battlefield, the primary targets will point directly to the enemy center of gravity. Especially powerful information warfare, even in the enemy without the knowledge of the state, it is possible to make several hacker instant enemy paralyzed economic and social, to quickly achieve the purposes of war.
Source: http://www.china001.com/
Original Mandarin Chinese:
進入21世紀，高技術的迅猛發展和廣泛應用，推動了武器裝備的發展和作戰方式的演變，促進了軍事理論的創新和編制體制的變革，由此引發新的軍事革命。信息化戰爭最終將取代機械化戰爭，成為未來戰爭的基本形態。信息化戰爭是指發生在信息時代、以信息為基礎、以信息化武器裝備為戰爭工具的戰爭。信息化戰爭不會改變戰爭的本質，但戰爭指導者必須考慮到戰爭的結局和後果，在戰略指導上首先追求如何實現“不戰而屈人之兵”的全勝戰略，那種以大規模物理性破壞為代價的傳統戰爭必將受到極大的約束和限制。
知識成為戰爭毀滅力的主要來源
就對信息（數量和質量）的依賴程度而言，過去的任何戰爭都不及信息化戰爭。在傳統戰爭中，雙方更注重在物質力量基礎上的綜合較量。如機械化戰爭，主要表現為鋼鐵的較量，是整個國家機器大工業生產能力的全面競賽。信息化戰爭並不排斥物質力量的較量，但更主要的是知識的較量，是創新能力和創新速度的競賽。知識將成為戰爭毀滅力的主要來源，“計算機中一盎司矽產生的效應也許比一噸鈾還大”。
火力、機動、信息，是構成現代軍隊作戰能力的重要內容，而信息能力已成為衡量作戰能力高低的首要標誌。信息能力，表現在信息獲取、處理、傳輸、利用和對抗等方面，通過信息優勢的爭奪和控制加以體現。信息優勢，實質就是在了解敵方的同時阻止敵方了解己方情況，是一種動態對抗過程。它已成為爭奪制空權、制海權、陸地控制權的前提，直接影響著整個戰爭的進程和結局。當然，人永遠是信息化戰爭的主宰者。戰爭的籌劃和組織指揮已從完全以人為主發展到日益依賴技術手段的人機結合，對軍人素質的要求也更高。從信息優勢的爭奪到最終轉化為決策優勢，更多的是知識和智慧的競爭。
戰爭力量將走向信息化、智能化
戰爭力量是可直接和間接用於戰爭的各種力量的統稱，打信息化戰爭，自然離不開信息化、智能化的武器裝備和信息化軍隊。
戰爭最基本、最顯著的特徵，就是利用當時最先進的科學技術成果製造最先進的戰爭工具。信息化武器裝備是在機械化裝備基礎上發展起來的，如C4ISR系統、精確制導武器、信息戰裝備和各種高技術作戰平台等。它們都是知識高度密集型的戰爭工具，因而具備傳統戰爭工具無法比擬的性能、功能、作戰能力和效果。同時，它們作戰效能的高低和發揮程度，直接受到信息、信息系統和信息能力的製約。
信息化軍隊是指用信息化武器裝備武裝起來的信息時代的軍隊。其一體化程度將空前提高，整體作戰能力更強大，強調作戰能力的優化組合，各軍種都只是聯合作戰力量的一部分。同時，兵力規模將趨於小型化，編組形式更加靈活多樣，指揮體制也將從垂直樹狀結構轉變為扁平網絡結構。即從上下級多層指揮關係改為橫向溝通、上下一體的指揮關係，減少層級，把盡可能多的作戰單元納入同一個信息層次，實現信息共享，縮短信息流程，以滿足實時化指揮決策的要求。
戰爭模式將趨於體系化、精確化
技術的發展決定著戰術的演變。隨著武器裝備的發展，戰爭規模也在日益擴大，突出表現為戰場從平面向立體空間擴展：由陸地到海洋再到空中和太空，從有形空間到無形的電磁和信息空間，已形成了陸海空天四維一體、有形空間與無形空間相互交融的新型作戰環境。這種網絡化戰場是大縱深、高立體的，前後方區別淡化，時空觀都發生了重大變化，既有傳統的空戰、海戰、陸戰、電子戰，更會出現全新的以網絡攻擊為主的信息戰。依靠信息網絡的支撐，通過信息的有序流動，所有作戰空間內的作戰行動真正地融合為一體。
過去，一件新式武器往往會造成比較大的影響，獲得較好的作戰效果。但在現代戰場上，敵對雙方已不再是單一或少數軍兵種之間的對抗，更不會是單一武器系統的對抗，而是體係與體系的對抗。在信息化戰爭中，這種體系化對抗的程度更甚，將不再強調坦克、飛機、軍艦等單件作戰平台的作戰性能，而是突出信息化武器裝備體系的整體效能，注重發揮多個軍種、多種武器裝備的綜合作戰效能。
消滅敵人是戰爭的重要內容。在機械化戰爭中，火力摧毀主要是面殺傷，如火力壓制、地毯式轟炸、飽和式攻擊等。這種作戰方式對應於工業時代的粗放型生產模式，反映了消耗戰的思想，制勝之道在於從時間、空間、能源、補給等方面不斷消耗和削弱敵人的力量，最後戰勝敵人。而精確打擊符合信息時代的特徵和要求，也反映了信息化戰爭的基本特點。信息時代的集約型生產模式講求效能、效率、效益。武器裝備的智能水平和打擊精度也獲得極大的提高，可做到“點穴式”的摧毀；同時還可以進行精確的非物理性毀傷，如心理戰、信息戰等。另外，精確打擊還可以大幅度降低附帶毀傷，使戰爭的發展與社會文明進程同步，更有利於戰爭手段發揮其獨特作用。
戰爭進程將是短暫的、可控的
信息化戰爭的節奏明顯加快，戰爭進程將變得越來越短，但強度卻越來越高，而人類對戰爭的整體控制能力也在顯著增強。
信息時代的軍隊更注重質量和效能。由數量製勝轉變為質量製勝，是戰爭發生的顯著變化之一。如精確制導武器和高技術作戰平台的結合使用，增強了從敵人防區外實施打擊的能力，可大大降低己方的作戰損失；攻擊精度的不斷提高，可大大減少武器消耗數量。第二次世界大戰中要用9000枚普通炸彈才能炸毀一個目標，現在只要1－2枚導彈或製導炸彈就可以解決問題，作戰節奏和進程自然會越來越快。
層層推進，逐次交戰，集小胜為大勝，這種接觸式、線式作戰是傳統作戰方法的典型直觀反映。而在信息化戰爭中，脫離接觸式、非線式作戰將成為主要形式，作戰行動將在所有作戰空間和戰場全縱深同時展開，首要打擊目標將直接指向敵人重心。尤其是信息戰威力巨大，甚至在敵人毫不知情的狀態下，幾個黑客頃刻間就有可能令敵國經濟和社會陷入癱瘓，從而迅速達成戰爭目的。